Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Distance Relays
Mason
Chapter 4, pgs. 61-76
Objectives
R-X Diagrams
Operating Principles of:
Impedance
Admittance (Mho)
Reactance
Memory Action
Distance Relays
Respond to phasor ratio of input voltage &
input current to relay (V/I)
They are directional
They have high speed
Used to protect transmission lines
Usually induction cup design
Construction
R-X Diagram
Can use
impedance or R-X
diagram to analyze
relay operation
1. Plot relay
characteristic
2. Plot impedance
seen by the
relay (Z relay)
10
11
Impedance Relay
12
13
Offset Mho
14
Offset Mho
15
Non-Directional
Not appropriate to work alone
16
Reactance Relay
Non-Directional
17
Distance Relays
Operating Time
Induction Cup: High
Speed
Adjustments
Reach: Tapped
Transformer
Rises or lowers voltage on
restraining coil
Range of Z to cover down
the line
18
19
20
21
PT Connections-Phase Distance
Relays
PTRLL =
VLLin 115kV
=
= 103
VLLout 115V
PTRLG =
VLGin 66.4kV
=
= 577 600
VLGout
115V
22
CT Connection to Op Coils
23
Phase-Phase Fault
Relay setting
based on Positive
Sequence
Impedance (Z1)
Copyright L.R. Orama 2006
24
Objectives
Zones of protection
Effect of arc resistance
Effect of infeed
Methods to reduce size of distance relay
characteristic
25
26
Zones of Protection
Zone 2
27
Zones of
Protection
Zone 3
Equivalent Relays at B and D looking on the other direction
28
Advantage
Lots of fault coverage
Disadvantage
Characteristic gets
close to ZLOAD
Copyright L.R. Orama 2006
29
30
31
danger
32
Zone 3 so big
that ZLOAD gets
inside of it
Angle Impedance
relays to blind
33
34
Load
35
36
37
A-B Relay
C-A Relay
38
39