GATE-1998 Electronics and Communica’ SECTION A (100 Marks) 1. For each of the following (1.1 = 1.40), four alternatives —a, b,candd —are given, Indicate the correct or the best answer by writing, lc or 4 a5 appropriate, against th e corresponding question number in the answer book. (1 40=40) 41a Anetworkhas7 nodesand 5 independent loops. ‘The number of branches in the network is. @ 13 12 on @ 1 1.2 The eigen values of the matrix A = BR jj are ou © OjF @ © Sto 1.3 IFAD then the value of bm, AY (@) cannot be determined ® iszero © isunity (@ is infinite 1A The trigonometric Fourier series ofa periodic time function can have only (@) cosine terms (sine terms (© cosine and sine terms (@ d.c.arkd cosine terms 1.8. The nodal method of circuit analysis is based on @ KVLand Ohm's law ® KCLand Ohm's law (@ KCLand KVL @ KCL, KVLand Ohm's law 1.6 Superposition theorem is NOT applicable to networks containing @) nonlinear elements () dependent voltage sources (© dependent current sources (4) transformers n Engineering 1.7 The parallel RLC circuit shown in the figuee's in resonance. In this circuit mma noe () [Ngl ima © Wyte tma 1.8 A periodic signal x( of period T, is given by T, T, or oR aT, th we kh @ Ty 1.9 The unit impulse response of a linear time invariant system is the unit step function ut) For ¢ > 0, the response of the system to an excitation en (t),4>0 will be @ ac @ (/aya-e*) © aa-e") @ 1-2" 1.10 The short-circuit admittance matrixo a two-port networks 0 -y2 y2 0 ‘The two-port networkis (@) non-reciprocal and passive () non-reciprocal and active (©) reciprocal and passive (@) reciprocal and activeLAL The voltage across the terminals @ and bin the figureis @ 05v © 30v @ 35v @ 40V 1.12 The electron and hole concentrations in a intrinsic semiconductor are n, and p, respectively. When doped witha p-type material, these change to. and p, respectively. Then @ nep=njsp, O mtnizp+y, © mp=n,p (@) pnp, 113 The f, of a BJT is related to its gmt, C, and C, as follows Cet ex(Cy+Cy) @ he, 0 ee, 2a(C, +C,) © f= Gee @ fe 1.14 Thestatic characteristic of anadequately forward biased p-r junction isa straight line, if the plot is, of (@) logivs.iogV (logis. V © Ivs.log¥ (@ Wvs.v 115 A long specimen of p-type semiconductor material (@ ispositively charged () iselectrically neutral (9 has anelectric field directed along its length (@) acts asa dipole 1.16 TheZ-transformofthe time function 2. 8(0!~X) & is 1.47 The number of roots of s! +5s?+75-+3 =0 in the Jefthalf ofthe s-plane is (@) zero © one © two @ three 1.18 ‘The transfer function of a tachometer is of the form @) Ks ® K © @D @ 1.19 Consider a unity feedback control system with kK ‘open-loop transerfunctionGis)= yy ‘The steady state error ofthe system duietoa unit step input is (@ zer0 w K @ VK (® infinite 1.20 The transfer function ofa zero-order-hold system is @ A/S) A+) 1/8) =e") © 1-a/sye i) 1+a/sye™ 1.21 In the Bode-plot of a unity feedback control systemthe value of phase of Glo) at the gain ross over frequency is ~ 125°. The phase margin ofthe system is, @ = 125" & -35° © 55° ( 125° 1.22 Consider a feedback control system with loop transfer function KO +059) S(1+3)(1+ 2s) Gos) His) = ‘The type of the closed loop system is, (@) zero © one © wo (three 1.23. The transfer function ofa phase lead conteolleris Le ae ‘The maximum value of phase provided by this controller is (a) 90° © 6 @ @ 30° 1.24 The Nyquist plot of a phase transfer function sj) H (io) of a system enclases the (-1,0) point The gain margin of the system is (@ lessthan zero) zero (© greaterthan zero (d) infinity 1.25 The transfer fun ion of a system is 2s? +6845 (+)? @+2)‘The characteristic equation of the system is lo) 22464520 ® GH G+2 © WS 46s45+(6+1) (642)=0 (22 465+5-(641)2(642)=0 1.26 Inasynchroerrordetector, the output voltage is proportional to [o(t)}", where «(t) is the rotor velocity and nequals @ 2 1 oa (a 2 1.27 Two identical FETs, each characterised by the parameters g,, and r, are connected in parallel ‘The composite FET is then characterised by the parameters 8 Bn ang fe and 4 @ % andar, © 2,and a) 2,,and 2ry 1.28 Thecircuit ofthe figure isan example of feedback of the following type fore» 7 | (@) currentseries (©. voltage series (® current shunt (@ voltage shunt 1.29 Inadifferential amplifier, CMRRcanbeimproved by using an increased (@) emitter resistance © collector resistance © powersupply voltages @) source resistance 1.30 Fromameasurementof the rise time of the output pulse of an amplifier whose input is a small amplitude square wave, one can estimate the following parameter of the amplifier (@) gain-bandwidth product © slow rate (© upper3-dB frequency (@ lower3-dB frequency 1.31 A distorted sinusoid has the amplitudes Ay, Ay, Ay ue. of the fundamental, second harmonic, y 1.32 1.33 134 138 third harmonic, harmonic distortion is respectively. The total The emitter coupled pair of BIT's gives a linear transfer relation between the differential output voltage and the differenital input voltage V,,only when the magnitude of V,, is less a times the thermal voltage, where ais @ 4 3 @2 wd Inashunt-shunt negative feedback amplifier, as compared to the basic amplifier @ both, input and output impedances, decrease © input impedance decreases but output impedance increases put impedance increases but output impedance decreases (@ both inputand output impedances increases. A multistage amplifier has a low-pass response with three real poles at s = - = ©, and a, The approximate overall bandwidth B of the amplifier willbe given by @ B=0,+0,+0, 1. ad 0, te; © §F2, © B=(0, 40,40)!" (i) Bs for +o} +03 A high-Q quartz erystal exhibits series resonance atthe frequency w, and parallel resonanceat the frequency Then (© ©, is very close to, butless than, ® 0, <<0, (0 ©, isvery coset, but greater than, (@ @,>>0,1.36 One input terminal of high gain comparator circuit is connected to ground and a sinusoidal ‘Voltage is applied to the other input. The output ofcomparatorwill be @ asinusoid (0) a fll rectifat sinusoid (9 abalf rectified sintsoid @ asquare wave 1.37 Ina series regulated power supply circuit, the voltage gain A, of the ‘pass transistor satisfies the condition @ A,+0 W 1ecA,<2 A=l Asal 1.38 For full wave rectification, a four diode bridge rectifier is claimed to have the following, advantages over a two diode circtuit : () less expensive transiormer, @) smaller size transformer, and ) suitability forlhigher voltage application, Ofthese, (@) only (1) and @) are true © only (1)and (3) are trae (9 only Q)and (3) aretrue (4) 1), Q)as wellas @) aretrue 1.39 Inthe MOSFET amplifier ofthe figureis thesignal outputs V, and V, obey the relationship — 4 1.40 The units of nits of ZL are @y ove Oo) (VK 2 For each of the following (2.1 ~ 2.40), four alternatives —a, o,cand d—are given. indicate the correct or the best answer by writing a, cor d as appropriate, against the corresponding, question number. (1x40 =40) 21 The minimum number of 2-input NAND gates Fequired to inspiement the Booleam function Z= A BC, ossuming that A, Band C are available, ie (a) two () three © five (six 2.2 The noise margin of a'TTL gate is about (a) 02V ® O4Vv @ 06v @ o8v 23 Inthe figure is A= Land B= 1, the input Bis now replaced by a sequence 101010...., the outputs x and ywill be (a) fixed at O and 1, cespectively (6) x= 1010....while y= 0101 (©) ¥=1010....and y= 1010 (@) {ixed at | and. respectively 2.4 Anequivalent2’s complement representation of the2’s complement number 1101 is @) 110109 (®) oo1101 ® nowt (@ wot 2.5. The threshold voltage for each transistor in the figure is2V. For this circuit to work as an inwerter, Vmustake he vats (a) -5VandoVv © -5Vand5Vv (9 -0Vand3V (@ 3Vand5V 2.6 An1/O processor control the flow of information between (a) cacle memory and 1/0 devices (8) main memory and YO devices (e) two HO devices (@) cache and main memories 2.7 Two 2's complement number having sign bits x and yare added and the sign bit ofthe result is 2. ‘Then, the occurrence of overflow is indicated by the Boolean function (@) xyz oF om rH zexyZ @ xytyeren 2.8 The advantage of using a dual slope ADC ina digital voltmeters that (@) its conversion time is small (0) its accuracy is high (©. itgives output in BCD format (@) itdoes not requirea comparator2.9 For the identity AB + AC+BC=AB+ AC the dual form is . (@) (A#B)(A +0) (B+ C)=(A+B)(A +O) @) (Re ByasOyB +TaK Bares © (A+B A +0) B+C)=(0 4 BY ASE) @ AB+AT+BC=A BIAS 2.10 An instruction used to set the carry Flag in a computer can be classified as (@) data transfer (@) arithmetic (0 logical (program control 2.11 The figure is shows a mod-K counter, here K is equalto @ Goal w2 rete a le J 3 pi a) wa 2.42 The current I through resistance r in the circuit, shown in the figure is v. @ DR © oR v v OR OF 2.13 The K-map fot a Boolean function is shown in the figure is The number of essential prime implicants for this function is @4 ao BN 92 o1 ut 10 ws offs fof: ofefofols © 6 uli [efofe ws whi fofof: 2.14 For small signal a.c. operation, a practical forward biased diode can be modelled as (@) a resistance and a capacitance in series () anideal diode and resistance in parallel 2as 2.16 247 218 219 2.20 (0 aresistance and an ideal diode in series (@) aresistance ‘The amplitude specium of a Gaussian pulse is (@) uniform () sine function (0. Gaussian (@) an impulse function ‘The ACF of a rectangular pulse of duration Tis (0) arectangular pulse of duration T (6) arectangular pulse of duration 27 (©) atriangular pulse of duration T (@) a triangular pulse of duration 27 ‘The image channel selectivity of superheterodyne receiver depends upon (@) amplifiers only (0) Rand IF amplifiers only (6). Preselector, RFand IF amplifiers (d) Proselector,and RF amplifiers only In a PCM system with uniform quantisation, inereasing the number of bits from 8 to 9 will reduce the quantisation noise power by a factor of @9 Os o4 @ 2 ‘The Fourier transform of a function x (t) is X(f). The Fourier transformot “XD wittbe df ax(f) @ “7 © iP Flat top sampling of low pass signals @) gives rise toaperture effect @) implies oversampling (leads to aliasing (@ introduces delay distortion ©) 2K [A DSB-SC signal is generated using the carrier cos (w, t + 8) and modulating signal x(t). ‘The envelope of the DSB-SC signal is. @ x0 @ Ix) {@ only positive portion of x() (a) x(0)c080 Quadrature multiplexingis @ thesameas FDM (W) the same as TOM (@ combination of FDMand TDM {@) quite diferent from FDM and TDMGATE-1990-6 2.23 The Fourier transiorm of a vollage Ng}. The unit ot [NP |i w volt () vol-see (9 volt/see (voit? Compression in PCM relers to relative compression of (@) higher signal amplituctes () lowersigoal amplitudes (9) lowersignal frequencies (a) bigher siymal frequencies, 2.25 Foragiven data rate, he bandwidth B, of a BPSK signal and the bandwidth B, of the OOK signal are related as Bu ( B= B,=B, 2.26 The spectral density of a real valued random process has @ anevensymnetry (0) anodd symmetry (© aconjugate symmetry (2) nosymmetry 227 The probability density junction of theenvelope of narrow band Gaussian noise is (2) Poisson () Gaussian (a Rayleigh (a) Rician 2.28 The intrinsic impedance of copper at high frequencies is (@) purely resistive () pucely inductive (©, complex witha capacitive component (@ complex with an inductive component 229 The Mowvallgpatin atte} + 2 asl (a) Ampere’siaw ©) Faraday’s law (0) Gauss’ law {@) Coulomb’slaw 2.30 All vansmission line sections shown in the figure is have a characteristic impedance R, + j. The input impedance Z,, equals 2 @ a8 irr & R, — me 3 3 oF me St (@ 2K, ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING 2.31 The time averages Poynting vectors sn Win for awavewith E = 24"! 9) V min tree space a > 48 43 wo Se wy = 2.32 The wavelength of a wave with propagation constant (0.1 + 70.28) mis a © Jam © Wom © 20m () 30m 2.33 The depth of penetration of wave in a lossy dielectric increases with mereasing (a) conductivity (0) permeability (©) wavelength (@)__ permittivity 2.34 The polarisation of wave with electric field veetor (a) linear () elliptical (©) Hefthand cireular (f) right hand circular 2.35. The vector Hin the far field of an antenna satisfies () ¥.H=0and v 0 1 o OF 3. Determine the frequency of resonance and the resonant impedance of the parallel circuitshown in the figure is. What happens when L = CR?? Go] 4. A voltage source of internal impedance + jX, supplies power to a load of impedance R, +X, inwhich only R, is variable. Determine the value of R, for maximum power transfer from the source to the load. Also, find the numerical value of R, if the source impedance is 3.0 (purely resistive) and X, is 4.0.2. 5. (a) Draw the transfer characteristic ofthe circuit of the figure assuming both D, and D, to be ideal. () How would the characteristic change if Dis ideal, but D, is non-ideal in that it has forward resistance of 102 and a reverse resistance of infinity ? 6. Givenan rrotatioinal vector field F = May+k) 7, +02-B 7, +O2-1) g Find V. F at (1, 1,-2) SECTIONB (50 Marks) Answerany Ten questions. Each question carries marks. 7. ‘The loop transfer function of asingle loop control system isgivenby 10 ew S0+0.018) Using the Nyquist criterion, find the condition for the closed loop system tobe stable Gls) His) = 8, The characteristic equation of a feedback control system is sh +205" 4 15s? +25+K (0 Determine the range of K for the system tobe stable. (@ Can the system be marginally stable ?Ifso, find the required value of K and the frequency of sustained oscillation 9. Drawa signal flow graph forthe following set of algebraic equations rSYs Yat eV, Yo dy hws Hence, find the gains ae and 10, Consider the system shown in the figure is. Determine the value of a such that the damping ratios 0.5. Also obtain the values of the rise time #, and maximum overshoot M, in its step response, ~~ — es — oe 11. Deteratine the input impedance of the given and investigatie if itan be inductive.12, Find the value of R’ in the circuit of the figure is for generating sinusoidal osei Find the frequeney of oscillations. 1, In the circuil of the figure is determine the resistance R, seen by the output terminals. Ignore the effects of R, and R, 14, The JFET in the circuit of the figure is characterised by the parameters .,..=4MA and V,=-4V. Find (a) V, if V, V,ifvY,=0 15. Themod-5 counter shown in the figure s counts through states Q, Q, Q,=000, 001.0010, 011 and 100 (0) Will the counter lockout if t happen to be in any one of the unused states? © Pind the maximum rateat which the counter will operate satisfactorily. Assume the Propagation delays of fliplop and AND gate tobet, and t, respectively, 16. For the TTL circuit shown in the figures find the current through the collector of transistor Q, when V,=02V. Assume Vr, 702V, 8=100 and Vypigy = 07 V. The & of Q, in its inverse ive made is 0.01 17. Write a short assembly language program, without using any arithmete instruction, tostore hexadecimal 5D in the flag register of 8085 microprocessor. Data in other registers of the Processor must not alter upon executing this program. 18. Implement a monostable multivibrator using the timer cirewit shown in the figure is Also determine an expression for ON time T ofthe output pulse 19, The pulse rate ina DM system is 56,000 per see The input signal is 5 cos (2x 1000 f) +2.cos 2% 2000) V, with Fn sec. Find the minimum value of step size which will avoid slope overload distortion. What will be the disadvantages of choosing.a value of larger than the mininvtm?20. An SSB signal is demodulated by using a synchronous demodulator. However, the locally arranged carrier has a phase e7eor 0. Determine theeffect of the error on demodulation. What will be the effect ofthis error if the input is DSB-SC in place of SSB? 21. White noise of two-sided spectral density 2x 10° V"/Hz is applied to.a simple R-C low pass filler whose 348 cut off frequency is 4 kHz. Find the mean squared value of the noise output. 22. Considera rectangualr pulse ¢(i) existing between r r t= ~3 and t=—->. Find and sketch the pulse obtained by convolving g(t) with itself. The Fourier transform of g(t} isa sine function. Write down to Fourier transform of the pulse obtained by the above convolution. A rectangular waveguide with inner dimensions 6m x 3cmhas been designed fora single mode ‘operation. Find the possible frequency range of operation such that the lowest frequency is 5% above the cutoff and the highest frequency is 5% below the cut off of thenext higher mode. 24. Aplanewavewith E = 100%" a, isincident normally ona thick plane conductor lying in the x ypplane. Its conductivity is 6 x 10°S/m and surface impedance is5 « 10" 2 45° ©. Determine the propagation constant and the skin depth in theconductor. 25. The electric field vector of a waveis given as. 83,4 6a, +5 re E e,err nw Vim Its frequency is 10 GHz, (Investigate ifthis wave sa plane wave. (ii) Determine its propagation constant, and Gil) Calculate the phase velocity in y-direction 26. ‘The region between a pair of parallel perfectly ‘conducting planes of infinite extent in the y-and 2- directions is partially filled witha dielectric as shown in the figure is A 30 GHz TE,, wave is incident on the air dielectric interface as shown. Find the VSWR at the interface. ANSWERS 11 L234) LA) 5) 6a). 1.80) 190) 1.200) AME) LB) SH 16) 117@)—-1.18@ 1. 19(a)— 1.200) .21() 22H) — 24) 1.25(0) —1.26(c)—1.27(¢) 28) 1.29) 30) 1.31) 1.32) 1.3346) -1.34(@)—1.35() 1.364) .37(e) 4.38) 1.3(@)—— 1.400) 21) 220) 23a) 2A) 25H) HK) RT) 2.8 (0) 2.912) 2.100) 2M) 22H) 21BK) DISA) 2.18() 2.16) 217) 2186) 2.196) 2.20@) 2.210). 22Kd) 2.23) 24a) 2.25 (d) —-2.26(@)—-2.27(0) 2.28) 2.29(a) 30H) 2.31G@) 2.3200) 2.33(6) 2.340) 2.35(e)—2.36(4) 237K) 3K) 2.391) 2.400)