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&cdik u
f Asma& ½d;k rawmifNcDrmS yGiahf & yef;aygif; t&mtaxmif
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f mompum; a0g[m&wdukd
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igh 0g'aMumfjim? xdck sifah 'csifh aMumfjimwdukd rarQmfvifyh gauY/
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 3

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-3-
 4

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d cf Rwf/

-4- -5- -6-

 5

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pkid ;f j'm;rif;cGmwd [mrked v D u
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-7- armifckdifatmif -9-
 6

a'edurÇmykH&dyf orkdif;odrS ZmwdodzkdY

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- 10 - - 11 - - 12 -
 7

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- 13 - - 14 -
 8

aqmif;
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- 16 - - 17 - - 18 -
 9

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- 19 - aemif&Jckdif
 10

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rdyef;&Huv dk rG ;f ûrdUpm;aoQukv d rG ;f
jzm;&DvidI ;f aoQwdudk
awmrD;em&D oG;D cJem&D iSuzf sm;em&D avmif;aygufwpfp;D tdrrf uf,pf,pfeefY
rif;yg;wkv Yd rG ;f vufaqmif ykvYd u
dk yf g,ifah 0
Owko;Hk vDrm y#mpm&DZmwfudk uHx½ku d ,
f v
l Ydk ûrdUpm;aoQtwGuf acwfay:uAsmwpfy'k f
vGr;f pmukd *EÅ0iftvkyBf uD;rSwyf sm,f
usm;wd awm0ufwd 0Hwd aysmfuwfawt&yfrm ikyd pfvu
dk f ikyd pfvu dk /f
0#fygqDvrG ;f NyD;au
rif;ewfoQif a'gif;aoQwd
uyfwusdp;D eDvzD AYdk sm,fa0/
ighudk vGr;f uwfo, d ifv
h m;/

armifckdifatmif

- 22 - - 23 - - 24 -
 11

avQmhBudK; ajrmufONrdKYukd ½IarQmfaomf

xked ed Yf &ckid o
f rku
d ?f ueufpu
dk f
a'edeYf ajrmufOacwfudk ? jrifa,mifa&/
rd;k x
nZm ûrdU½k;d eef;u? usD-jy? wHwidk f
eufjzef tHv h idI ;f usKH;ajrmif;? cHwyfaygif;
em&Dupdk m; wifah wmif;tiftm;? 0if<h um;zG,/f
tcsdefukdrQm;Asm,f
jyu©'ed u f 0dk rf;EIwaf wtjzpf/ awmifpOf&yH wf? NrDrvyf &ckid af jrmufO? rGeMf u,fjrL;
xG#jf rwfo&D? yPmnD {vsufysHUysL;? MunfE;l a&/
oumvlxm;a& pum; rGe;f csDvyS ? ompGav/
ysm;&nfeefcY sL csD;usL;tHMh o? omwarm
em;jcLatmifajym &cdik n
f eG zYf ;l ? ajrmufOrSeu
f if; wGupf m;rdeaYf rm? uRefrY aem
&a&uk;d --- &a& tmPmcsif;a&? jynfaxmifrif;/ apmapmvGev Yf ;l ? vIid ;f *,ufr;l
auseyfaw/ 0rf;El;rjy,f? ed'gef;oG,f
zufuif;wkEidI ;f ? cHu
h sKdi;f tausmf &if0,fcpH m;? rdca&av/
aemif&Jckdif ra[mfjrwfOmPf? ûzd;jynf&h H ajrmufOwpfjzpf? xGe;f ay:vSpaf u
&Tv
D sHa&mifcyf? tHwh rGw/f &ifEiS ahf ysmfjrL;? azmfusL;&a&/

ewfjrpf-pef;atmif

- 25 - - 26 - - 27 -
 12

od'¨dwifjcif;
uAsmq&m
vGJacsmfjcif;
tojymAvm &ifzwfBuD; usef;usef;acgufacguf
ra&r&m ,if;csifeh efv
Y m;
wpfcsufarSmufuMH ur®m aw;jcif;qkzd /Ydk
,MwmvJrpGr;f
prf;rwG/d puúLavmif;acsxJu
tajrmufow H 'de;f 'de;f
0goemt&if;tES;D u [kw
d ,f? rkw d ,f?&ufpawmh&if½h Udk tv,frmS
Mum;vm;/
tojymxrif;ryD;c tm;i,fAsm,fxa,mifeed v f m
0rf;rD;eefcY ,
H cl suf va&mifut dk jrnf;vkyf
armif;w'l'cl wfvYdk
tzufrnD? tNcDrvS ]wifûzwf}rSm ajrmif&0D u
S f
olu
Y ,
dk of l ]eufjzef}vwf
*[Zm ]csydw}f usvkYd ]vufruku d }f armhcsyvku d /f
twdwu f /
]zsmvdy}f csifAsm,fvm
odum© eefjY A[®p&dk f tuf(pf)tD;eefaY umf½v dk m
aemufusvkv Yd nf; x
a&mêudAsm,f rsKdcsyvkud /f yg*s½k?d rmpD';D
rsufEmS awmif ropfc
tdrrf ufy;D Asm,f ajcmufeed v f m
orkid ;f rSm wpfeed &f mpmtwGuf
odum© vGwrf vm;zkt Yd wGuf azgufeed af &pdwuf dk >cef;tkyf
vQm&nfwaomaomeef/Y
&dum© jywfeed af &b0rSm uGr;f ûywf&nfeefY acR;xkwyf vku d /f
qE´wyd sKdUwufeed vf m ukid ;f ? -----------------/
tmacgifwiG ;f u
]csifjcif;}ukd vufx;dk tefyvku
d /f vIdif;?upäy?

- 28 - - 29 - - 30 -
 13

yef;ausmif;ydwfcsdef
rkew
f idk ;f rk;d ouf[ek v
f ma&
e,kerf ;dk puf pDvwfaw/

t&Svd pD dk csDvma&
0g;½kaH wmrSm >yDrw
I af w/

yef;yGiahf oQw&GD xGuv

f ma&
rd;k rjywfwrf; &Gmvkv Yd m
Munhv
f u dk cf suf xGuaf weD&m Zmurod
ol½aYdk usmif;ydwAf sm
vufc[ k yfwpfvv l el efY jrufcif;jyifrmS uuGuq f ifauwtdt/d
awmxJrmS opfuidk ;f cuf
aemufjyef aemufjyef
tcsif;csif; csufv, D uf
jcaoFhvwfaxm/ tktd rif ---
opf&u G wf jzwfjzwf vIycf wfcsdef
tuRefxifa& trSeaf wG;rd
vD½;l vku d vf eYdk ed /f
Zmwford ;f cgrS a'yef;yGiahf oQ½kpYd mG
ur®n;f xk;d csifau NrDatmufausmif;rSm wufvmrod/
rk;d êud;0&Zdef vufcw
k cf wf
]NyD;ygNyD}
yef;zkaoQwdNyD;xGuv f wf
t&mZmarQmfvifeh ed o
f rd ahf v xko
d ½l \Ydk ausmif;0d[m
t0wfa&mifpyHk wfvyYdk g
a,mf --- / wef;cg;ydwv f Ydk pmoifyg
yef;Eka&mifeefY jzLt0g/
oifcef;pmrNyD;qk;H
aemifat; upyfcsifa& w½ke;f ½ke;f
tm;vk;H xuyf a*smifrmS &yf
ol½Udk q&m ausmif;rvTw/f

- 31 - - 32 - - 33 -
 14

ukd,fwkdif&D; tw¬KyÜwåd
cspfvudk af w a'NrDjyif ausmufom;ausmufwkH;
jrifot
l v hH m;pDcsif/
Mu,f½Udk pGmyef;Zmwd
uAsmNrdKY
tmumjynfrm wnfv[ Ydk d pku
d jf yvku
d af r Zukef
oD;yifpm;yif tpk/H vkwd idk ;f &qD;? vufñKdS ;wpfacsmif;
rodygvm;tkt d rif
xk;d csifpmG xk;d
rjrifz;l vm;,if
t&dy&f yif yef;yif acsmif;vJawmifjzpf
tdrjf yefcsifwjzwfjzwf
Munfeh ed yf vif/ awmifvaJ csmif;jzpf
baZmifysm,mcwf/
eufcsKdiyhf 0d ifvm;a& ckEpS w
f d
wpfEpS pf v D m uefv Y efu Y maemufrmS /
rwfwyf&yfvYdk vufajr§mufêud
ol½Udk trdudk yk;d owfq;D ukd tr,f&mS
"gwfNrDMoZmukt d aMumif;jy jyefjY ym;ausmufprd ;f rsufEmS jyifxuf
vkud zf q Ydk Akd sm ikv
d aYdk wmif;
&Davmif;zku Yd pd u
ö ydk yl if ck;H rkaYd wmifwpfv;Hk
tuRefxifrad Mumif;/
psD;uGut f jrifeefY pkid ;f pm;ok;H oyf,if; 0ke;f ueJ xGujf yLvm
ighrmtrd trif[ad &ykid f
a&m*gt&Tm;jywfuyfvYdk rif;wduv © ufñKSd ;&Srd mS /
ol½rYdk mS trd trif[Ed idk af & [duwfaw/
ppefo Y zD uYdk scgrS
tk(zf) ---
uavmifeD?ajrmufOD;? wpfcyk ifavh rpku d ef idk /f

(w*k;d \ The Creseant Moon rSThe Flower School

ukd qDavsmfa&ykid jf yefqydk ga&/)
0D;edef&

- 34 - - 35 - - 36 -
 15

qkdufab;&D;,m;
&DcJ oG;D cJ 0dnmOfcaJ &
Ouúm<uD wm&m<uD Mu,f<uDa& t&yf
,if;Zmwdu
rkid o
f ;Hk axmifjzwfysHNyD;au uspfNyD;au oefpmG vSpmG udk
a'NrDrmS aqmif;vmcku d wfaw/ oabmusvkdY
166 &mpk tzD;½kUd azmfpyf rsKd;EG,qf ufymG ;&atmif
ykpYd yf pYdk f armf'efb@mawmfwudk f &DjymaumufEHS yef;refopfo;D avSmifNcdrxhf J rG;D Munfph mG
trÇKw azsmf&nfcsKdziG yhf em ayg<u,f csKdNrdef oif;jr &Dpad oQ&maomufaw
*E ¦0ift½k;d aysmha&m*gonf½Udk ukd upäye'DeefY bJig;&mawmif tpmjiif;yem toDcv H m;a&vkYd
qD;0g;rukcif aomufcidk ;f awmwef; v,fjyif uGi;f jyifrmS O&mZfajrrdwaf qG ajymzl;a&/
NyD;au --- &ckid Ef iS ;f aoQwd 0Dvmau ppfawGaqmif; nZmom;rSm
ajrmufO;D ûrdUjyifzuf ol½Udk vmuwfAsm,fav/ qku d af b;&D;,m;wpkH ightrd , f v
l ma&
vDaumif;vDoefcY x H u
G u
f wfar rdwaf qGwd xrif;csufpm;zkv Yd wf/
vm,f --- &moDMurf; aumif;uifMurf; ajrMurf;csded f
vm,f ---/ Zmwdudk wpfcsufaoQpGeNYf yD;au ta0h oli,fcsif;½kUd
&ckid &f jD yifrmS eD aumufp&DaoQwdyidk f ig½kUd NrD pdr;f jrvSyrIudk
ckid v
f ?l ½d;k r? vIid ;f pD;&ifcek f aysmf&iT f Nidr;f csrf;eDuwf,if/h vmAsm,f*P k ûf ya& Oa&myrdwaf qGwyd g
em*dE´armfueG ;f ukd rodauavh
(ukd;aomif;ykxkd;awmfokdY Zmwducdk spf trdajrukd cspfaw
yOörtBudrOf ;D nTwrf )I tqifjh rifih u S wf yd ga0/

- 37 - - 38 - - 39 -
 16

jcKyfrD;qGJeefY vl twåaESmifBudK;
a'&ifzwfusOf;usOf;aoQrSmrS
atmifhoufwem;aoQ rif;u ---
&efwnfwu dk cf u
dk f aumif;aumif;aysmfa&ykid *f ga0/
qGjJ cpfiifûcyf
û*yfeeftY qH ighcE¨mpGm
&SJ --- oHjrnfuRD; q,fEpS q f ,fr;kd awmifru
vQyfp;D a&mifjy &moDOwko;Hk rsKd;atmufu yifv,fBuD;xJudk
qE´r;D jyif; ig;&Smzkx
Yd uG yf ;D ede&f a&
vif;awmufvQH&J avmif;aoQwpfpif;ykid &f m --- /
toufvnf;&SL
vl --- tcsdew
f efvaYdk vh
ol\qE´jynfch Asm,f --- / pm;aomuftyd pf ufzu Ydk rdk od
jrpfurf;yefvifawmu yifv,fbufoYdk urf;yg;wdrmS igedeaf &
ol½Udk ysHvu D wf,ifh jrwfomxGef; urf;NcDu&dk m igoda&
iSut f yk &f mS wGad u txD;usef? tkad [mif;jcif;wdeefY --- /
trdajrqku d af b;&D;,m;ukd twlwyl
rwGad uavh
ESpaf umifxJ ysHvu D wfzaYdk ,/

armifckdifatmif

- 40 - - 41 - - 42 -
 17

opfyw k o f m;
avmif;ta[mif;(tqk;d ) wpfpif;yg&ma0 ajrmufOD;NrDukd vmvnfyg
N*dwfaoQwd
AvdaoQwd &ckid tf rG?D ajrmufO;D NrDrm
iSuaf oQwd --- em;zkaYd vmuf&m&Asm,f ausmufpmyDpm? ZmwDb&k m;
0rf;acgif;wpfzahJ oQukad vh ausmufom;vuf&m? Ekynm½kUd
ta`rSmif;vku d f ta`rSmif;vku
d f xkrd mS xGi;f ûzd? a'rSmûydysuf
tom;wdyJhyemus ck;d 0Su,f il if? tjrifraumif;
ta0 --- waxmif;rG<uD? NrDrmS 0yfpif;
Munhzf aYdk wmifum; raumif;Asm,f --- / Muif;qef;Muif;vkYd [de, D if/h

wHwidk ;f ysufûyd? eef;&mtked efY &mZ0ifa[mif;? orkid ;f aMumif;ukd

yvky?f N*dw?f Avd? iSuf ranmif;ryef;? NzD;jzef;,rf;wkwf
a'aumifaoQwd usKH;ukad jrzk?Yd vl½Udk tdraf qmuf
usKH;&maysmufvk [de, D if/h [dw[ f efvyk v f ?Ydk vDyef;uwfzrYdk [kwyf g/
aumif;aumif;yif avhvmzk[ Yd ?k aMumif;ûyxkwaf z:
igh&ifzwfaoQrSm aysmfuwfaw*g --- / a'edcsdecf g? NrDeef;&mukd
zG&D mS ok;H oyf? wl;uyfaz:uwf taysmfoabm? waomaomyif
avhvmuwfeef?Y vm;uwfvmuwf &,farmaysmfvu dk ?f "gwfy½Hk u
dk cf H
xk;d t,ifcgu tdrjf yefMuOD;r[kwyf g/
ig;&SmzkZYd v
D mac:vm;ca&vlavh Munh½f UI uwfeef?Y ½Iycf scwfvYdk [de, D if/h
xkx d &dk m&m? tjzmjzmukd Ekid &f mykid &f m? apwemeefY
wpfcgyifay:rvmvDAsm,fum --- / jynf&mG twGu?f vufww dG pfck
rMumwpfacguf? tvnfa&mufvYdk
rsufarSmufxifxif? vufwjdG rifatmif tusKd;ûyzk?Yd t"dXmefvYdk vmvnfyg/
ta0 ---
êud;BuD;wpfyifeefaY vhaomh t,ifvmvkv Yd nfygvwf/
yifv,furf;NcDrmS okaYd omf twdwu f v
dk rG ;f ? ik,
d w
dk rf;vkYd rTD;êudif
aemif;aeif;csKdix
f m;cvDord ,
hf ifh --- / vGr;f jcif;qkzd rYdk [kwyf g/

0if;ukdckdif - 44 - - 45 -
 18

b@m
rkd; Mum;vm ---
axGawmifwx d ufu
jruf&u G t
f oD;½kUd rsufEmS
tanSmufaygufZmwD
oH&nfyel efEY ydS pf ufzYdk
ajymjyedeaf &pum;/
0wf½eHk uftoH wjzef;jzef;eefY
rif; ysHoef;vmvwfpmG vm/
Mum;vm ---
vufqnfuef&jD yif
a'o jrif;½kid ;f ukd ZufyiG hf
nifomvDniS ;f zdw;dk
vSo H mG ;rD;yGihf wvufvufeefY
½k;d tDrvm;a&
EGiD uS af oQ½kUd oHcsKdjrpfudk
oDjcif;pmom;wd/
oG;D uEÅm&
rif; jzpfpcD a&um/
jrifvm ---
tcsdet f cgvnf; roifh twdwu f
ZmtwGuef efrY if;
ede&f mvnf;rwifah & rk;d tdyrf ufjzpfv&D zkv
Yd m;
om;rJt h ;D puf &ifciG x
f ufrmS
t&Sed tf 0g0ifh axGausmufxufpmwd
Ek&Yd nfpufwd jyefMY uif;
rvdrrf musifah & rk;d wnf[v d o
D rQum/
ocsFKid ;f ajrvkyf
avmupnf;jyifudk xkwyf pfvu dk &f pGm/ rif;av
usdepf moifah & rd;k jrifvm ---
usefpmoifah & rk;d / twdwu f dk ]Zpf}ûzwf
&ifziG t
hf xkyNf zDjya&
aemifat;?taemuf? eef;awmfNcD&muk/d

t½kid ;f ?NrdKUa[mif;?
- 46 - - 47 -
 19

okH;oyfjcif; vjcrf;NrD
xkrd mS avh q&m e'Dupäy tOöe
aMumuf&pGm/ ½k;d r&ifciG f vSrsKd;qif
oZifBudKifvrT ;f &TaD &mifoef;
a'rSmavh q&m urf;jymaomifNcD vjcrf;NrD/
aMumuf&pGm/ tJtefarmfueG ;f oku d ef 'd gef;
rsKd;½k;d pkid v
f m tZlZm usrf;"r®owf e0&wf
q&mq&m ckid rf mMumanmif; orkid ;f aMumif; pyfqpdk mûy bGUJ &wk
aMumuf&pGmcsnf; vufajymif;,lvwf &Srd jDG rwf ek&yG iG 0hf D vjcrf;NrD/
q&mrjy av;&yf0wD vNcrf;NrD/ ta&GUomjcif; rT;D êudio f if;
iydzw
k u
f --- enf;rusavh/ apmif;ñSi;f ywfom pnfig;jzm
trsKd;oDv ESpXf me om,mNidrahf nmif; oHcsKdaemif;
q&mtêuduf jynf0h r@dKif apmifph rG ;f Ekid f nGwaf ysmif;vGio f D vjcrf;NrD/
rsufjzLqku
d af tmif --- / &u©Kd ifemr bGUJ rnfvS
wGicf ygvD vjcrf;NrD/ oEÅmurf;NrD ½k;d awmifNcD
q&mrsm;oD a&mifeq D w G jf zef; pdr;f pkv
d ef;
om;roD(ao)atmif bm;bl'idk ;f usD &So
d ufoD yef;rsKd;pkpH D yGiv hf 0S D
tvDvq D ef;ppfzv
Ydk AYdk sm,f qef&o D m;ig; jynfo;DG om; rT;D ysHUvIid pf D êudiv f pS D
oli,fcsif; --- / opf0g;o,H rk;d xd&H pkid vf mxGe;f pD vjcrf;NrD/
jynf0h eS af ygvD vjcrf;NrD/
odef;aemif armifeef;vS?ajrmufOD;?

- 49 - - 50 - - 51 -
 20

]ta[mawmfom;}

&Gmausmif;
]armifxyd jf ym;}vJ
awmxJawmifxJ
ajrmufOD;
&J&aJ wmufpw d "f gwf ½k;d rcsuf<uD? oEÅmNrDzmG ;
toD;w&m? tnSmwpfcak w;jcif; vlreG jf rwfu e'Dupäy? tOöevGijf yif
&ifwiG ;f rSm[d ]ol&}bGUJ awmif &a&vwf/ &ifciG rf mS BuD;? cspfom;xG;D /
cHpm;od,ifh --- /
ightem;u orkid ;f wpfacwf? armfueG ;f opfudk
ight&dyrf mS ckd urf;ykid ;f zsm;rSm zGiv
hf pS u
f r®n;f ? xk;d vDAsm,f/
ighuadk csmhoyd f ig;ykpeG rf ;DG
igrtdycf if BuD;yGm;edeaf &ol rsKd;*kPûf zd;armuf? xD;eef;aqmufvYdk
jyifyavmu ]armifped jf zL}vwf/ xGe;f awmufurÇm? ausmfvAD sm,f/
a&mufvm;cuwfaw/
ig --- &u©Kd ifah tmifv?H Zmwdrmefudk
&Gmawmifyidk ;f u tnSmwpfck wdr,
f rH ;dk xd vTivhf AD skm,f/
]rJrBuD;}om; ûyjyifzv Ydk rl [d
Ekid if jH cm;rSm a':vm&SmeDa&vwf/ ]wkid }f wd,idk Af sm ½k;d rom;aumif;? b0ajymif;vJ
]tum}ew¬d &Sad [mif;rGED pS ?f &wemppf½Udk
ighe&D mab;
qef;opfBuD;us,f
]uRJorJ ek }Yf a&mif;a& ]Murf;}wdaygufNyJ crf;em;xnfw;Hk ? 0if<h um;wk;H /
]tabmifaoQ}orD; rNrJoabm
q&m0efBuD;jzpfvYdk apmaMumrda&cg tkd. --- cspfom;xGD; ---
ûrdUuvlwd toD;wpf&m eifum;roD? a'&DNrDrmS
tylr[datmif qufAsmqufAsm wnftu hH rÇmwkid v
f rd w
hf nf;/
pGr;f aqmifEidk af &vwf/ oD;vm;Ekid zf v
Ydk m;vkYd
bk&m;wrd? &ifv;D crda&axm/ wufxGef;eD?ajrmufOD;?
- 52 -
rif;oEÅm?&ckdifjynf?
 21

Zmwfysufcef;
(1)
wnfusifeef'Y ;Hk Muuf- a&mpyf,u
S af u
qHawmf&Sifbk&m;zl; ZmwfysufAE¨wjf zpfzaYdk ,/

oZifyef;ckid ?f (2)
wûrdiûf rdiaf u? eHUêudix
f rHk ;DT --- / AEÅwq f adk u-aemufumvrSm
wnfusifr[kw-f 'k;H r[kwyf J
vewfawmfau? rsKd;ikwAf ZD -&Smr&eefY
oZifoif;au? ESi;f tD;tD;eefY --- / b0yDjyifzo Ydk v
d m;/

pk;d rJusDav? (3)

awmifNcD&mG pyf? watmif&h yfysm,f ]wnfusifr}jzpfu
awmifaMumudkausmf wnfusiforD;om;-rGD;jyvm;av (5)
qHawmf&iS af v? oQifausmfb&k m; wnfusifrsKd;½k;d wnfvrd ahf r/ tkd --- nDrcspf
zl;aZmifvm;ar? ompGav/ rdppfzppf -rsKd;½k;d ppfvsuf
om,mtD;av? ompGav/ (4) cGJypfjcm;em;-udk,fho®D;om;ukd
]'k;H r}jzpfu rsKd;jcm;eefpY yf-oG;D aESmuwfau
armifaumufpH 'k;H ppfo;D® jrwf -rG;D jyuwfav AE¨wrf v d aYdk c:zku
Yd m;/
'k;H ZmwfrsKd;½k;d &Snv f rd ahf r/
omwifjr?rif;jym;?

- 55 - - 56 - - 57 -
 22

ppfawGvDysHuGif; vlrrm
olUukv d u
dk yf cYdk a& ]v}u ck;d ,lxm;a&tvSeefY
wm,mpvdrfhAsm,fav urÇmukd zsm;a,mif;
edcY if;aMumifawmif aumif;uifûywfusyg,ifh
ZmavmufMumzkaYd v;a, oHa0* yifv,f½Udk uckev
rkew
f aYdk umif;wke;f
f idk ;f u ,leaD zmif;tjynfeh efY
yifv,f½;dk r puúLjzpfvm;zkyYd / Zukejf cpf,v l m;cAsm,f/
vlqpdk mG ---
tkd --- trif oD;rsKd;vkYd
,if;ykid ef efY
a'om;aoQ vGr;f zko Yd ufoufvjl zpfvm&a& tBudrBf udrf ]ig}ajymc/
&moDjrpfavh txyfxyfwu dk pf m;
oG;D xJuawmtkyaf v; usuGcJ Asm,f &T&D nfprd f tpkikd ;f pm;
ñSOw hf u
d aomufvrYdk ,pfEidk f vlocD g ---
em&Dysufwpfv;Hk xJ 0iftyd f
tefzwfw&d m tdrrf ufjzpfv, D if/h ocFg&
tv,fvwfwef;pm; todw&m;u
aemufqkH;êud;rQifaoQ ]ig}w&m;us/
&ufjywf&ufjywf&u S f --- &Sujf y&a&/
yef;uk;H jzpfEidk zf o
Ydk v
d m;/
a,auavh ---
wpfcgu tHypfcsifa& rowDpmG eefY
MuifemEIwq f uf ]igh}( )oDcg
oMum;uGyf rkom;ukrd sKdcs
NyD;au yg;ukad zgufceJowfypfuwf NzDqnfr&
,kwn f phH mG u y½krd eD myg;yg;ESrd ;f
yGv
J ,faumifrmS rsuf&nfus&Jyga& NrDjymvllus/
igh*w
k xf uf *Gp;D vk/Yd
a'csifZh mwf0ifcef; r[kwaf 0/
oZifajr-ckdifxGef; Za0Z0gjzpfpmG eefY
aemufq;Hk rSmawmhcg edpidk o f ;Hk pum;ukd usKHUypf
vDu
S m;&if;rSm wGv d w l idk ;f ukd ûyH;jyjzpfawcg
a'aumif ajymedeu f spum; ]&yga&} avmifay:pm&Guaf [mif;wpfcsKdU
vm;ygvD ysHygvD/ 0efaqmifrt I xkyt f yk;d ½kUd
armifckdifatmif - 59 - cG;D NcD;tysufrmS ykv H /Ydk
 23

½kd;r
&Dêudipf rd phf rf;
(1) jynf&cdik pf rd ;f vef; Nidr;f csrf;&ifciG /f
awmifr[D½;dk r
a&mifeED ;dI qG Ek;d xaomcg/ tûyH;rsm;½k;d om; ½k;d r
ESv;Hk om;Ek;d Mum; ½k;d r
rk;d aomufxyef; rnSK;d Ekid af & ½k;d r
eDjcnfvef;vkYd vef;qef;0Dqm/ r[m½k;d r arwåmoQif/

trsKd;oDv (3)
&u©w
d w&m;? ESv;Hk NrDjyif/ eD0ef;ESyd pf uf
yGrJ NyD;cifrmS
acgif;xdyw f ufvYdk pdwyf sufyyl if/
ighu, dk if g
&ufjywf&ufjywf av;pm;jy& &DNrDaumif;a& ½k;d r
tpkid t
f vmaumif;a& ½k;d r NrDom;uGJtuf
&ufjywf&ufjywf ûyH;jy&
atmufNcDcidk af & ½k;d r *a[qufzYdk rk;d pufysifqif/
&ufjywf&ufjywf atmfaigufypf&
&ufjywf&ufjywf ESpo f rd &hf r[m½k;d r arwåmoQif/
avmunSi;f qJ
,if;ykid ef efY
(2) aomuqif;&J tcuftcJrûidjiif/
uGBJ uD;pkwjf ywf oGyo
f yG cf gr½l;zkYd
&ufjywf&ufjywf acgif;cgypfeed &f ,if/h tarSmifux dk ;dk azmuf
a&mifjcnfûzd;armuf wrk;d aomufawcg/ obm0jrifjh rwf ½k;d r
xm0&cGiv hf w
T f ½k;d r
vlomarmif ZmeD&ifciG f ½k;d r
rsufEmS opfjruf
ESi;f pufaomufpYdk pdr;f vkpYd v
dk iG /f r[m½k;d r apwemoQif/

- 61 - - 62 - - 63 -
 24

trSwfw&
rsKd;eefhykd;
rif;xD;bk&if
eef;oufuek cf g (1)
vufnK§d ;uryg/ taemufvrD mS
&Giyhf gvma&
(4) t*Fv
k rd mvavh a':vmwpf&u G /f
wedeu Yf ek q
f ;Hk pufeef&Y mn§yf
eDv;Hk aysmufvk wdraf wmifqnf;psm/ jzwfcsifqjD zwf (2)
n§ycf sifqn
D y§ v
f /D a':vmwpf&u G f
&DvidI ;f ysKd½Udk rufavmufawaxm
urf;okv Yd rS ;f wuf 0rf;yrf;wom/ eef;wkid u f xk;H jzL &rufaZmiif ---
rkev
Yf ;Hk rSmpuúLuyf ]trsKd;oDv
tdrjf yefiu
S ½f Udk vufnK§d ;ESUH xGuef ed af &/ ESpXf meukd
awmifzef,u S v f Ydk b0wGut
f m;tif/ apmifx h ykid yf idk f ---
tbmtbm &ckid w
f qH yd f
tarSmifazmufv?Ydk raysmuf½;dk r rif;BuD;eefo Y rif ûzwfqyd af uxif/
eDa&mifjy,fv?Ydk ruG,½f ;dk r cifeed v
f aYdk wmford ,
hf if/h
urÇmwnfo&G?dG wnf[½d ;dk r
r[m½k;d r opömoQif/ aemif&Jckdif
pkid ;f j'm;?tOöe?

- 64 - - 65 - - 66 -
 25

Avmpm&Guf tpkwfwpf&Guf
(1)
(3) tuRefiu dk s
*EÅ0ifpx H m; uRD;c&yg,ifh vjcrf;NrD
&ifrmS cHpm;Asm 0efrusDrt I wGuf (3)
rpm;& iwfywfpD 0efcsrawmif;yefyg&pDauh tuRefav
roDo&Gd cGiv
hf hJ ½l;d *kPaf cs wzJw h peefY
Zm'kuw © w Gd dG rvTwv f yD gauhav/ roufrom&Gv d m;,if;
Zmwdwcsuf tqif;r[dov d rf;rSm
tysufrcH (2) wcgwcg
qD;rjy,fyef;rñdKS ; vjcrf;NrDav igZmvm;edeaf v rde;f rd
rsKd;rSmyk;d rxk;d pD& NrDucdk spfau rsufppd rHk w
dS f pOf;pm;
&ckid o
f r wDjzpfawqkpd um; ]om;}udjk yp&m
&ckid o
f r Mum;zl;awmifru em;vnf ZmNcD&mavhr[da& taumif
&ckid of r[dwv f Ydk tuRefav a,mifajcmufq,fyck;H rSm
x,a[myvku d zf /d uk, d t hf &dyaf oQ uk, d Mf unhyf em temzD;aoQwpfcak vmuf
tm;wif;yemavQmufc vufaxmufjyp&m
ewfjrpfvIdif;jym Muuf,uf,,ufyem 0rf;pm&Sm usefyg&ZDvm;-vjcrf;NrDav/
(a':vmppfNrDjyifrmS wku
d yf 0JG ifeed u
f wfaw empGmukd yZduu dk f
trsKd;aumif;orD;½kUd twGuf *kPûf yyga&) rrku d zf Ydk ukdpdrf
uk,d u hf u dk ,
dk f qk;H r
vlv;Hk rvSoad wmifrS
wDjzpf&pGmeefY rauseyf
- 67 - aus;Zl;qyfcsifyg,ifah v/ - 69 -
 26

[kdufa0;vrf;
xif[yfaw0g jrif&a&0g
[ku d af 0;vrf;rwd
ûrdUjyrsm;pGmjzwfoef; &rf;aygufv½D ;l
,if;ykid f plygvrf;xufrmS qGwcf ;l >cDcs
vsifjrefpmG NyD;vTm;edeaf & <uDus&Guu f sif
armfawmf*g&Drsm;pGm uef&jD yifxuf
Ekid if w
H umrSm[da&vwf/ OD;wnfcsufr[d
vDzw d ;dk &m
ig½kUd yg;u[ku d af 0;vrf; rsKd;(arsm)vkyYd g
jymESr;f ESr;f tajymus,f a&mufrad &muf&m
a'b*Fvm;yifv,frvSm;/ a,m --- &Guaf jcmuf&jD yif
ig½kUd yg;u rk;d ysHvrf; xif[yfawykid /f
]vlya'om} wifyem usnfqef&xm;wdvm;edeaf xm
&Djyifvm;tjrefum; apmifyh gvDz&d xm;vufrw S f vlU&Gmvl½idk ;f
wpfem&Dq,fridk t f vm;EIe;f eefY &wwfauavh raocsm vlUorkid ;f ukd
w*sKef;*sKef;ckwaf rmif;vk/Yd &moDOwkom,maurS EIid ;f ,SOcf sufjy
rk;d ysHvrf;rSmtcefo Y m; 0g-t&/
usnfqef&xm;pD;vkyYd /
nDyk

- 70 - - 71 - - 72 -
 27

,ifr½kdif; ukd,fusifhw&m;
usD;tmoD;rSnhf rsufv;Hk
tjra*smfa&mif awmifyH
rD;yGKid o
hf @mef ,ifr ½kid ;f
awmwkid ;f awmifwidk ;f
ûrdUwkid ;f &Gmwkid ;f
pdwx f ifwidk ;f ysHoef;

jyifyo½kyf
&mZ0ifopfusrf; rsufuef;t½l;yrm
rpifxufrmS em;
ysm;&nfow k vf Ydk ukv
d edk pD u
D mvdyaf omufyem pm;
jy½kyvf yk Zf mwfcif; aumif;bGKd ifa'gufusmaqmif;vkYd yef;yGix hf ufrmS em;
twGi;f jzpfpHk cE¨mapmif;vma&vlu&m o'¨gbkwrf mS em;
ppfreS yf u
Hk dk acwfuedk m;vnfuwfzYdk w&m;vma[m --- / xkrd mS em; a'rSmem;
aMu;rkrH eS jf yif xkcd sifph m; a'csifph m;
xif[yfaw0g/ 0D;eD& wGd&mpm;
vkyZf mwfEiS jhf zpf&yf jrif&mpm;
aygif;pyft0if abmifurf;em;r[d
jrif&a&0g/ tm;emrIcsded YJ
uJ&h UJ rIc0H wf½Hk
oQiftkef; ckrH ifpmG ûcHxm;
arwåokwåmefw&m;awmftm;
oa&mf eDoyl gum;/

- 73 - - 74 - ckid v
f ?l ½k;d r?
 28

&ckdifom;av &ifvD;a&
EId;cvkdufygzd
&ckid [f ol nf? rsKd;oDvukd
apmifv h yS idk yf idk ?f xde;f odr;f Ekid zf Ydk zk;d acgif;awmifwef;pGm
rT;D êudio
f wif; urÇmcGirf mS tdy&f mxcgp? tysKdoQifyidk f
*kPaf &mifvif;c ausmfaZmc,if/h rqifrysif vSeed vf ,D if/h
a'ed&ckid f ,dr;f ,kid pf ;D yGm;
a'ed&ckid f rckid u
f sifyh suf upäye'D\
usifah zmufjym;um ZmwDyx k ;dk
trsKd;zsufum oG;D a&mvmau a'goBuD;bd vIid ;f vk;H
trsKd;rsKd;ukd ½ku
d cf sKd;NrDveS f
&ckid o
f m;av &ifv;D a&/ cg;oD;pGmûyH;eD? urf;ajrmifNrD/
rusefygau &ckid o f m;av
&ifv;D a&/
a'ed&ckid f Ekid &f mzdeif; "n'Gg&m
tcsif;csif;yif Muifemuif;jywf &r®marC? vSyrIwd
a'ed&ckid f rsKd;pkid o
f ;DG tk
nDnw G rf 0I ;D tjrifq;DG au jrwfE;dk rIw?d jzm;&Djrifo
h pf
EkEek ,fe,f vli,ftrsm;
&ckid o
f m;av &ifv;D a&/ &mpkacwfrsm;eeft Y ûydi/f
wwfxm;ynm [duwfygvnf;
vdrm® ESUH pyf uk,d o hf rkid ;f ukd
a'ed&cdik f uk,d yf idk pf ;D yGm; a,"r®ma[wk yb0g --- /
roduwfjyef rsKd;rmefuif;0D;
0rf;cg;vkrH Q <u,f0vSau Ak'\
¨ a'oem
rqkid &f mrSm tûydiv f yk af u
rmewHceG f rk;d ,Hux dk d r[mrkeyd &Hk yd f
,pfxyk Bf uD;wd a'edcsdecf g
rsKd;vnf;rod qGrD od,m aovm*D&ad wmifxyd u f
jzpfrsm;vmau &ckid o f m;av
ZmolyifoD igrxDAsm xGe;f ya& tvif;a&mif
&ifv;D a&/
wpfxyfpmukyd if wpfoufxifau ESpaf ygif;axmifcsDcAsmav/
&ckid o
f m;av &ifv;D a&/
"nOD;
- 76 - - 77 - - 78 -
 29

rm&,ktp
usdef;&dyfNrDtykdif;tp
]orw&mZm}tqk;H
tOöe, e'D
tm;vk;H aomrif;rsm; xm;ca&trGD
av;ûrdUjrpfr[DpmG
pmyD*w
D ? tEkock rk
acwftqufquf ,dr;f u,if;yif
,Ofaus;rI jy,k*wf pd mG
usde;f awmifwef;ukOd ;D wku
d f
rsufarSmufumv\? ykid o f Qifr[dypön;f ykid /f
a'ûrdU --- a'ûrdUukjd zpfpcD a&/
&ifuGJem
oQpfaomif; xkueú f
armfueG ;f wifjzpfca&
qHawmfb&k m;? rmefig;yg; &TpD &TcD HG &TED HS &To
D ;D
usde;f uRef;wkid ;f ukd
rsm;vSa&trD?G &wem&TND rDrmS jrD0;D &yfjcm; vm;vD,ifah v vm;vD,if/h
&mZ0if½idk ;f pDa&umvaemufrmS
vkûH cHrI uif;0D;eDw;Hk / awmifNcD&if;rSm jymrD;iiGUD
]rif;jy --- rif;jym;}vkYd
]]eDrif;BuD;0ifvm;Asm,fumvkYd wvif;oGaYD jcmufa&mufv, D ifah va&mufv,
D if/h
a'ûrdUaoQ vlvm;ajrmufygvwfaw/
vGr;f qGww f o rsuf&nfuseDau
Mu,faoQwdeefyY gvG&J vdrahf r}qkad &
t*kawmhcg armifckdifatmif
w*k;d \uAsm EI;d cvku d yf gzd/
&marmifoQifra'go
tOöe, e'D &DygwfeefY
MuL;opf?rif;jym;? wjznf;jznf;yg;ygvwfaw
ûrdUtem;owfrsOf;ukdawmhcg
ig;p½kid ;f acsmif;uRef;rSm&m
&SmMunhyf gzd --- /

aZmfxGD;
- 79 - - 80 - - 81 -
 30

eD,rf;um;emifh vrf;cGJvkduf oQifom&ckdifwefaqmifavm

atmf --- OMoysKd
a&mcf*w
D armf'efuAsm
aw;csKdcsKdemifh
tmumorSmvrf;avQmuf/
EGu
D êdk udeed pf mG vm;/

aus;vufu psD;ukv d m
axm ---
Adwjf yifrmS NcD&maysmuf
xkrd m --- a'rm
acR;waygufayguf/
t½k;d xuft&DwifAsm
tmajcmufajcmufopfyifw?d
tmwdwaf 'orSm
pyg;jrif,uf 0rf;nifeed &f a&
tkZd ek ;f vTm wpfaygufEpS af yguf
aumufEaHS umufr wpf&yDG idk f
aMum&Dzw G u
f sm; pyg;&dwo f m;wpfpyk idk f atEGpD mG av
êudief ed af &]arwåm}prf;acsmif;xJ ½k;d rukt
d rT;D EIwf
tlxu J wû*û* w½k½jk rnfyem
&Dw0 oJyem 0g;wkwcf sKd;ol &Dwpfcu
G ef efY
tmaygufupD;qif;zkYd oGi;f uket f 0ifarQmfeed af ,Smif
]apwem}ukd eDyv l eS ;f oufjyif;oHazsmuf/
vDt;D ? &Dt;D ukd wrf;w
&ifwrraESmifh arQmfeed &f pGm/ ]opöm}ajcmufajcmufcrf;atmif vkyyf pfoad &/
uGeyf sLwmAkid ;f &yfy;dk
aMom --- OMoysKd OD;aESmufom;ukdxkd;azmuf/
acR; b,fp;D ? nmpD;usedeaf &
awmMuD;awmifBuD;wd ]w,wm}rqk0d o
hH v
d m;/
eDylusmusm
axm --- rcHcsd
jyifv,facgifrmS 0g;carmufeefY
[dorQtm;emifh &GeYf armifcidk rf sKd;?&rf;NAJom;?
uRJEmG ;ukad iguf/
vdrvf rd w
f eG w
Yf eG Yf ysifeed u
f wfpmG /

- 82 - - 83 - - 84 -
 31

cg;oufaemifw
tD;pufeaD & eDrif;
acR;xGuef aD & vDñiS ;f
vrif;yef;cif;
nnf;jcif;wdzUJG qkd
a0'emukad ygif;wif
oHpOfrahJ umif;uifa&
ûydcsifoûl yd uGcJ sifou
l JG tnSuq f ;dk a,mif ,Iyef ,
D if/h
vJcsifov l J arSmufcsifoal rSmuf
aysmufcsifoal ysmuf oDcsifoo l D umv,EÅ&m;
vjcrf;NrDu vlwpfa,muf/ ed&ufrsm;ukq d pJG d
'gPfyed aD & jyu©'ed f
AD', D v dk m; cgvm; tdycf sdepf m;csderf rSef
iSuzf sm; eefêY udi;f cgêudi;f jrm;vSpH ;l 0if
½I;d 0kid ;f ukd 0ifcg0if tm;tifcsdev YJ m,if/h vlwidk ;f BudKufaw ork',
&ifrt f wk aomufcgaomuf tEko,psD;uGuf
aemufuek ;f rSm oG;D wpfpeYdk efY pum;rwwf uHw&m; ta&mif;oufeo D rQ
eDvrYdk avmuf/ trSewf &m;ukd rsufu,
G ûf y ighb0tD;puf
zifcx
k idk ef q
D /J acR;rxGupf mG Mumvc,m/
aemifat;?taemuf?
xl;a0vif;?tOöevDn§if;?

- 85 - - 86 - - 87 -
 32

b0 igvus,f uRJausmif;om;omjcif;
tOcGaH zgufcJG aigufueJxu G v
f m ruúvma,½kid ½f idk f
rif; --- ig a'urÇmvlom; Budro
f m;wkwu f ?dk eaemif;ukid Af sm,f
trSeef eft
Y rSm; tjyefeeft
Y vm; u,kid u
f yg;? ESi;f ûrdiûf rdif
t&m&mukd tm;,lêud;pm; awmifusKdiMf um;rSm? uRJausmif;vm;a&
êud;pm;rS aomuausmfvmT ;/ [l; a& a& [l;? [l;/

'kuu © dk oumvl;Asm,f tpfurdk yg? nDryg

yef;zl;a&mufatmifêud;pm; tcsdeef m&DrmS blwmqkpd mG r&Sd Budro
f m;'kwu f ?dk eaeSmif;ukid Af sm,f
rjzpfEidk af &w&m; rjzpfov
d ,
Ydk x
Hk m; Muufuef;qeft;dk wGyd idk f y½k;H e½k;H vIy,
f mS ;/ u,kid uf yg;? ESi;f ûrdiûf rdif
vIy,f mS ;rI 'óe aomuqkdpGm awmifusKdiMf um;rSm? uRJausmif;vm;a&/
orifvnf;& awmuRrf;0Asm,f 'kur© mS vnf;[d okcrSmvnf;xGd
anmif;orQ rdex Yf m;/ tbd"r®mw&m; y#doEÅm&pum; axGawmifa'awmif? acsmifajrmifwpfvmT ;
rIid pf eG v
f Ydk aysmfo
f rl sm; yk;d ypkid ;f oH? nHomG ;oGm;
urf;axmif;eefûY ydif tEkid &f a&;avmif;rsm; awmoHvo D ?H rqlnH
tarSmifwcH g;ukad cguf 0ifaygufujyefp ESi;f oHajzmufajzmuf? yaygufazgufoYdk
vmvrf;u xGuf Mum;&a&av? Mum;&a&/
azmhoaomh avmutjrifeefY
aemufq;Hk t0if yef;wkid u f aMumifawmifaN*mif? eufajymifcavmif;
r&P b0/ (aMumifawmifaj*mifeuf?
aj*mifcavmif;? aN*mifcavmif;)
jrwfomxGef; awmb,HrmS ? omNidrafh nmif;Asm,f
Mum;&a&av? Mum;&a&/
- 88 - - 89 -
 33

uRJcavmufau? oGi-f oGif

awmiftifwidk ;f ok?Yd uRJausmif;0if/ &GufEkjyefcsdef
uRJoQifvnf;vk-Yd cHvYdk
&Dêudiêf udKif-urf;tkid ef m;rSm iGED iS ;f aysmufpmG
"g;oG;D zkaYd v? "g;oG;D zk/Yd MumAsm,fumeSef;/

tkid uf rf;wcGi?f uRJwjrifu EG&D moD

ausmufjyifq;D um? "g;oG;D ygau vDyMDG urf;
tkid rf mS wcsKdU? pdru
f wfaw-pdru
f wfaw/ &Dcef;a&&ufrmS
wcsKdUuRJu? awmif,mawmrSm opf&u G <f uDpmG qef;vm/
pyg;ck;d vk?Yd pm;uwfaw/
"g;ukjd rifum? awmif,molBuD;
aemif&Jckdif
i,kwBf uD;u? csD;oG;D xGuaf ,mif
uRJupdk v Hk if? Munhrf jrifvYdk
NAD;yga&av? NAD;yga&/
ckyH ifavmifyif? &Smyga&-&Smyga&/
igvnf;"g;emif?h vku d yf ga&av/
awmif,molBuD;? aAgif;xD;xD;emifh
oluwpfcg? wkwu f qdk vJG -Ydk jyefvu
dk v
f mau
tzD;awmufw?hJ xGuv f q Ydk aJ &/
igvnf;"g;emifNh AD;yga&/
igvnf;vcsKdi?f rcHeidk v f Ydk
tdrrf mS a&mufau? igvus,fav-igvus,f/
"g;uku d idk Af sm,f? jyefqaJ &av-jyefqaJ &/

ewfjrpf-pef;atmif
(&rf;jynfu
h Ref;?Zifacsmif;uke;f aAGq&mawmfxrH )S

- 91 - - 92 - - 93 -
 34

usref;jyifrSm t½kPfOD;rSm wpfausmhjyef

vIid ;f vD½ek ;f <u obm0\pGr;f tm;&Si?f ociferD if;a&
tarSmifnrSm wpfeed wYf m wm0efusDvYdk owåavmuBuD;u
tvif;qkpd mG ZmrSe;f rod tem;,lzx Ydk uG cf mG csderf mS tm;rmeftjynfeh efY
vrf;rwG?d urf;r[d EGr;f &d/ vufusefa&mufjcnfprG ;f &nftm;vk;H ukd
zspfnpS x f w k yf em &J&aJ wmifowåZd u JG &dk if;
rmeukad rmif;wif tvif;tm;wdux dk w
k jf y EIwqf ufca&av/
cH,cl sufu"dk gwfuif
Zmwfpifûyd 0ifxed ;f tarSmifnrSm tem;,ltyd pf uf
]qkv
d u l w dk uf} tpdr;f vku
d rf sKdcs tm;tifjznfph u
G v
f Ydk &Sq
d ufzw
Ydk m0ef
twkdtpusKH;Asm,f eufjzefcgtwGuf --- /
wpfb0vk;H &if;
awmifw h jcif;eefY apmifph nf;jcif; owåavmuukd wpf&ufwmtvif;yD;zkYd
usifuiG ;f yemtm;prf; ewfoMd um;rif;eefY pMum0aw;½kUd \
tvif;tarSmifrnDrQ &mZoHcidk ;f apcsufrygyJ
a']usref;}jyifrmS
aumufaMumif;ryDo rsKd;qufopftm;rmefujdk znhvf Ydk wm0eftodudk
&mpkwpfyidk ;f wtdtûd ydqif;
teD;t0D;ykrH us aqmifAsm,f
wpf0]wif;}vk;H usifca&
j*if;uyfb0ukd qD;om;wif tm½kPOf ;D rSm wpfausmhjyef0ifvmvwfaw/
r&Pedrw d f
wif,if; --- ? wif;,if;
{&myk&H yd q
f ifyem
p,if; --- ? p,if; --- / owå0gtm;vk;H tarSmifuif;vkv Yd if;ygar
aiGrQifaiGwef;? aiG&nfqrf;vkYd
rsufuef;qHjzL tm½kPfOD;opfukdarQmfuwfvD
&ufcsde;f ,lAsm,faxm/ vIdif;?upäy? avmuBuD;wpfcv k ;Hk Nidr;f csrf;pD/

- 94 - - 95 - ckid af usmfoef;?pku
d yf sKd;a&;?
 35

wm0efusD vlBuD;vGefa&
tbkaoQukd tolq?dk ZmjzpfviYdk dk
ukd,fhom;ukd,fhoGD; rif;uk&d ufjywf? qJqu
dk wf? jywfwwf-jywfwwf
eD;&m0D;yg;
rG;D zGm;BuD;jyif; tkd -- xGD -- xG?D wpdavhroEÅD
&ufpufwwfaw? ol½Udk rm
tcsif;csif;wd/ aygufNyJe?D rk;d wdrMf um;?0ifv
h 0Ydk ifv
h <Ydk um;/
r[kwpf mG eef?Y qJeyD sm/
om;om;em;em;? ûyH;&,fvm? EGDOD;rkd;aomuf [efcsDvm¨
pm&T;D cg? rifqpD eG ;f
pum;vDoH ,if;csdecf g? Zmac:zk?Yd pOf;pm;yg toQif½Udk /
vufeefrY sufEmS ayvkeYd ef;/
uGpJ mG rSevf nf;
trSepf w d xf m; ol½Udk csifpmG ajymygvD? *½krpku
d b
f eJ D
tddk --- xGD -- xG?D wpdav;roEÅD
wpfo;DG om;wnf;/ wifywfp?D qk;d pm&if;? tykaoQrQKdi;f eDrif;/
rSiq f pD eG ;f vkYd armifnpfay
ac:uwfwrf;qkad u
vlrsKd;razsmuf csKdjcif;ykid pf &m? rif;êudupf mG
rSiqf pD eG ;f ay? vlrsufcu G f
rderYf aysmufzYdk vlwidk ;f todyg/
npfawaya&? qkyd gwpfcsuf/
wpfa,mufu, dk pf D iwfBuD;us&m jzpfawvkYd
wm0efusDatmif qkv d yD wfpo D ½l Udk /
tqufrjywf? jypfqu dk wf
a&mufeaD &&yf tao;t>rSm;awmifrvGwf
pGr;f aqmifuwfrS tkd -- xGD -- xGD -- ? wpdavhroEÅD
tjypf&mS uwf? tm;vk;H rm? Zmavhr[kwpf mG
&ckid yf yD D bkaoQnDn?D ig½kUd cspf
pkwNf yJvma&? upyfvYdk
wm0efusD/ ig½kUd Zmtjypf/
t0wfaoQ? wdaygufz/Ydk
a,eefv Y Ydk armifizGm;? rif;ukad c:pGmvm;/
atmifjrwf?,kd;w½kwf? uavmifeD?ajrmufOD;?
(w*kd;\ DEFAMATION ukd qDavsmfatmif jyefqkdyga&)
- 97 - - 98 -
 36

tm;usjcif;
tvrÜg,fu pdwf"gwf yifv,fem;u NrdKY
tpG,cf sKd;EIwf tqdwxf w
k yf em
yûcyfxJ wnfx h m;auavh igum;a'NrD
vGr;f zk&Yd m jzpfvaD &
yg;ysOfwaxmifaxmifeefY olum;xk&d yf
taoQcg &Dûryfz;l a&
[efaqmifyefaqmif rif;um;xkûd rdU
bDv;l racsmif;aoQ aumvDAs,f
rmefa,mifjyeDa& >rDa[muf/ igum;a'&Gm
a'acsmif; a'jrpfeefaY 'ûrdU
rckid pf w
d "f gwf
t,ifyidk f vSo, d ifv h m;
owfpm;zkYd rG;D pyfxm;pGmb0rSm uGjJ ym;*wfau
wdrzf sm;rSm xkid vf MYdk unhcf sifa&/
tmumukdysHwufzkdY &u©a'NrD
tok;H rusa& tawmifEpS b f ufudk av;0wDonf
ûrdUuawmhcg
wbk;H bk;H cwfysm ,dr;f ,kid q f ;dk &Gm;
&Jausmfojl yó'fzsm;xuf
rmeacs wcGo J m;eefY ysufûydvm;zk/Yd
pavmif;wm0gjrifph mG ukd
0if<h um;wGeu
f sL;eDa& Muufz/ tmumvD pm;ede, f ifh
xGe;f pk;d cdik ?f ykÖPm;uRe;f ? b,frsufv;Hk u bJig;&mawmifxyd rf mS
vlwu d wtHw h MoeefY nmrsufv;Hk u yifv,fuMdk umypfeed ,
f if/h
ai;armMunh½f I cH&a&
zl*sD,mrm rD;Nidr;f awmif/

a,auavh-
ajrmifxu
J &>rDacsyifjzpfjzpf
awmxJu aysmifacsyifjzpfjzpf
awmifaygufp e*g;yGut f idk af csyifjzpfjzpf/

ppfawG apmaemif - 101 - - 102 -

 37

armifawmurf;a,mif
ajrmufuadk [0ef? ewfa&uef
,if;yifv,frmS a, tvHpudk af qmuf? orkid ;f axmuf
a':vmykpeG w f d t>ywf>ywfo;D ede,
f if/h ta&mufvm;au? taemufjynfav/
a&'geef[Y w
dk ,fwd 'ke;f uedeu f wf,ifh
ig;azgufo,f&mG aoQwdudk a0vmawmif? Budrw f ef;awmif
vifaysmufr ikjd cif;pDatmif 0efawmif ovlawmif? ork;d awmif
qifacgif;vDuv dk m;yifph mG r,lawmif0rS ;f ? awmifavQmufwef;
a'yifv,fy/ ajzmifo
h ef;oG,v f sif;? tikqH if;a&/
tef'gqif; &Dorl aoQwd r,ltik?H vTmwGecYf Hk
wefc;l vrSm &Dcjl zpfvm;pGm qnfcaHk usmfvmT ;? yifv,fjcm;
atyifv,frmS y/ b*Fvm;yifv,fatmf? Aa'gaMumf
"n0wDacR;tjynfeh efY pufor®mefudk ,ufatmfjrL;wl;? vIid ;f ysHUysL;/ 0J,EH v
YJG s? nDtpfr
rEÅav;&rfeefjY rnf;ypfpmG oly/
oQifrñk, d jzL? uRef;,if,
h l
r,ltql ?Hk jrpf0ckH ,uftak omif;aomif;? oHNidraf nmif;
orD;zsm;a& wedrmS wnfwahH omifxeG ;f ? eHUomuRef; wifah Mumif;omajc? oG,v f sm;&Snf
yefvifyifatmuf &yfNyD;au wcef;yifv,f? rD;jywnf yifv,fnmaomif? ajrSmifurf;a,mif
a'yifv,fpmG trnfwifq h ef;? oif;yef;uRef; &ifabmifomarm? e,farmifawmav/
yku
d s,fvma&vm; yked ufvma&vm; omcef;wif[ h ef? tke;f uRef;&H/
pOf;pm;ederf ad &/
toQifpuúdE´
armifckdifatmif
- 103 - - 104 - - 105 -
 38

&ckdifv,form;
(1)
½k;d tDredef uk,
d bhf 0uk,d zf efw;D
oDqedk ed u
f s aomurD;yifv,frm
½k;d &maw;wpfy'k uf o dk u
D sL; 0rf;wpfxmG wGuf
a&mifeOD ;D eeft
Y wlE;dk x/ arsmvma& 0D& &o wpfqyk w f pfcpJ D
pm;Asmvfeed f
rk;d aqmif; EGD v,fawmu 'kw, d tdr/f vljzpft½I;H ? vlneGT q
Yf ;Hk
&moD0wf½Hk ]OD;BuD;}qkad & pum;wpfv;Hk
vTr;f AsmvfûcH/ (2) tiSm;,lyem ok;H rdpmG yif
vufvyk v f ufpm; NrDom;cGaJ zguf tm;emrdygvD,if/h
v,form; NrDxaJ &mufvcD g
b0iSuzf sm; NrDupdk m;a& wDwpfaumifyidk f ig ,m;-
raMumuftm;vD NrDupdk m;vkYd wDjzpfaujzpfvu dk f v,fxu G pf yg;
eDxu G uf eD0if <uD;a[mif; <uD;opf tm;wpftm;av
a'v,fjyifrm w&pf&pf- rQpDtwl
yifv,fvu D ½dk u
dI zf dk wxpfxpf- [kvd al 'ol tvl½Udk /
½k;d rukt d azmfvyk f vIyv f eD pfvD
o½kyrf yD 0kid ;f BuD;ywfvnf 0kid ;f ywfvnf (3)
rI&H &D D yef;csDum;wpfcsyf 'la0a0/ wvif;vJy?JG ykyv
f q
J ;DG Asmvfaxm/
acR;pufrsm;eefY uk, d thf w¬KyÜwu
då ,
dk &f ;D
t½kid ;f ?ajrmufO;D ?
- 106 - - 107 - - 108 -
 39

tyg;t0D;
cspfjcif;zGJYoD
NcDrESpaf csmif;
yl;Asm,faygif; aygufyiG rhf ;D vQHMum;u
êud;aumif;aumif;eefY csKdiNf yD;Asm,f/ 0g;yvGoD pH OfaoQwpfcyk idk yf eDyiG ahf &t&yfrsufEmS
&ifxrJ mS tkid zf UJG Mu,fvufaweD&ma'o
yGiehf ed rf sufv;Hk vDtoGUJ eefY EGUJ eDcvku
d af 0/ yef;oif;a& umvtykid ;f tjcm;
rsufawmifz;Hk vm;,if; vm;,if;
rsufv;Hk pkv H nf; ydwNf yD;Asm,f/ rjynfrh pkH b0wpfct k wGuf &if;wGi;f utem
tdyrf ufqpdk mG wpfcgwpfvrD mS cJjcpf&mwpfcrk [kwaf wtwGuf
vm;a&;vSy t&dy&f opfwpfyifyg rif;,k/H zsufvu dk w
f idk ;f yGe;f
ukwcYdk yGe;f vDwidk ;f em
ighypxJ xnfNh yD;Asm,f/ vufqyk x f u J 'Pf&mxifusef/
rmewpfc&k iS o f efzt Ydk a&;
ajymcsifyp ylaZmfpaw;ypfc&a& b0oG;D rQifwd twdwq f pdk mG
c[[ ,lZemZmavmuftxd jyu©'ed pf m&Guyf idk f a[mif;tkv
d zD v
Ydk m;
pD&atmifvnf; vkyNf yD;Asm,f/ yrmPZmavmuf,dS ESv;Hk om;jrufcif;pdr;f xuf
&Gw
D u
G of Ed idk zf o
Ydk v
d m;a,/ &ufpufrNI cD&mu xif;vk/Yd
oifvm;csif&m
xGuv f yD gvkYd b0&Dtidk f
ESipf m vjym cGNJ yD;Asm,f/ tepfwidk Mf unfvifpzD Ydk
&iftxufrmS oZifwpfcufeefY
igum;rMum; temuif;atmif omjcif;qkcd vku
d yf g/
rvm;tm;
rif;½kUd oabm ykyYd ;D yg/ aemifat;
vlomarmif - 110 - - 111 -
 40

yef;jrwfoZif yef;oZif arsmufajcmuf

yef;jrwfoZif yef;oZif
rdefhcGef;aoQ eDa&mifjcnfaMumufyaHk xmuf
rsufcrf;pyfa&m*gonfreS ;f odom/
oZifay:p? ESi;f 0D0aD u vDovyf½rHk QeefY
(1)
ewfawmfvav-ewfawmfv ESmpD;ajcmif;qk;d pGmu
NrDBuD;eefoY ZifpmG
ûydi;f awmifausmfvrf;? carmif;yifrmS ? oZifyef;/ uk,d cf t
H m;usederf eS ;f ajymzkrYd vk/d
z½k;d z&m ½k;d &mr[kwf
qGwcf q D wG cf ?D r,fErS rSm? oZifyef;uk?d yef&pDav-
rsKd;vkyAf sm pyfauvJh
yef&pD/ tñSûd *d;uyfeed af uavh
]NrDuyfyif}qkNd yD;au
ESryef;csif? ysKdwidk ;f êuduaf w-yef;oZif &DrcsKd;0Hph mG u
opfcaG oQwpfrsKd;&m
r,fMuifarmifa0? wufvq Ydk w
G af u? &ca&av- ZmaMumifv h cJ sif/h
NrDBuD;rSm wk;d vDz/Ydk
&ca&/
yef;yGiohf Zif? r,fah cgif;xufrmS ? vSvyYdk if/ acgif;xufuedeyf em
(2)
wpf0ufuydk ef? wpfwefaESmifusKd; csufvif*smysHvm;pGmukd
yifjrifeh efo
Y Zif&m
jrwfpad EÅav? anmifa&tk;d rSm bm'vDwpfaumifvwf Munhzf /d
pOfvmrysuf tqufqufwd
tjynfx h ;dk av- tjynfx h ;dk /
vufcsdwyf em edev f mpGmMum;u
armifEiS Ehf rS ? oZifyef;uk-d t&if;wnf vrf;ckvyftvHatmufrmS
ckecf svm;cuwfaw
armifr,fEpS 0f ? tcgwef oBuFev f rSm ? aygif;&ygpD/ ykv d ,D adk &m*gonfu
oZifaoQwd eD&mrm
qHawmf&iS af v? apwD&if;rSm rkid wf idk q
f if[efeefY
ZmolvmvkjYd znfyh gzk/Yd
qkawmif;vDav? qkawmif;vD/ pdeaf c:edepf mG
armifrkd;Zif 0D&&ovm;
&ckdifaZ,s [mo&ovm;
odNyD;om;&m/

- 112 - - 113 - ckid v

f ?l ½k;d r?
 41

ukd,fusKd;ryg trsm;aumif;usKd;&Sm
opfyifBuD;wdpmG
jyZmwf
(olUukd) ynmpdaoQ azompdaoQ *kPo f ud m© pdaoQeefY
cGwvf oJS ul ydk ifvQif xrif;jzL oufoufvw G wf pfyJG
(olrvJo&G)d ,pfvv Ydk cJG a& nZmxrif;twGuyf g/
olU&ifciG t
f &dyx f ;D eefY
tD;pDa&/ Zmuk,
d MHk unfvYdk
,if;ykid ef efY
,pfcvDavcsifh
eHUomwkid w f pd mG csDa*GAg;&m;ukd OD;nGwf
yifv,fwcd ef;jywfpD ---[kwv f m/
(olUukd) uae'Dudk tm;usa&vwf/
emvmajrmif;rSm
rD;wku d of ul ydk ifvQif rmomx&DZmukd OD;nGwf
wpGwpf w G ef efNY cDa&y ---[kwv
f m/
(olruRrf;o&G)d jr[,fvifudk oabmusvwf
oefpY ifa&tESUH tD;eefY ]oD&yd AÁw}å ukd nD;nGwf
rwwfEidk Af sm,f
rT;D pDa&/ paumh0pD uD êuduaf wvwf/
]wpfu;dk ude;f }nOfw h u
d
vGr;f olyY ef;cGrD vkd rSww
f idk rf vkd
ESi;f qDyidk w
f vTmNyD;wvTm xyfv/Ydk
za,mif;wkid w f pd mG ikw
d rf;zkYd rsuf&nfwrd vkd
iSurf ysHa& wdraf wmifwad tmufrmS
(olUukd) rdrEd v
S ;Hk tdruf dk wa&mxk;d cAsm,f/
xrf;x&a& b0qkpd mG u
rD;xGe;f nSo
d u
l ydk ifvQif? xrif;ok;d vDcsOfyidk f
(ol rysKdqif;o&G)d b0rSm
rowDauavh tefxw k v
f rYdk &Ekid Af sm,f/
Munfvifa&ta&miftqif;eef?Y tvif;yD;a&/ xm0&ul;edecf sifa& jrpf
orD;wd&,fojH zpfaw/
jrwfomxGef;
armifckdifatmif
- 115 - - 116 -
 42

jynfe,fedefY xrif;pm;yGJu wqifh &,f'Drdwf

jynfe,feed rYf mS qkuH wfcgukd
0kid Af smpm;ar BuHNyD;au&m uHuadk MumufvYdk
eDa&t&yfu yGg;pGmwpfcpk , D cl a&/ oHwidk ef efaY wmiftrd rf aqmufjzpfau
aygufawm*Pef;? tNrJwrf;OeefY
aomEkwKd¬ &fudk ckid ;f /
wbef;tjynf,
h cl a&/
aumufBuD;a*guf&? qefv;Hk vSudk
½kid u
f usKH;yem? ausmufawmfuyif ,lvma&/ oHo&mrSm
tm;vk;H usufau pm;uwfarzd
tzefw&mcHzaYdk Mumufau
vmav0kid ;f xkid f acgif;csif;qkid Af sm
atig;oavmuf? a'ukad &mufatmif a0óEÅ&mukd tyf/
&ckid pf m; w0pm;zda0;
ckacgufajryku
H ygvma&/
avmif;arQmfa&Zeuú
rif;½kUd ig½kUd ESpEf pS ûf rdUûrdU
yJqpD pfppf? oHwjJG zpfudk vkHUvZmrSm
pm;vkaYd omufvYdk 0a&ykid f
tvku d x
f nfzh Ydk vkyNf yD;au/ t[rf ; . . . t [rf ; eef Y
jynfojl ynfom; 00um;um;
ajcmif;[yfejD yef
ckpm;a&ykid f pm;&zkeYd efY
&rf;NAJuyD;? rusnf;oD;eefY yD;vku
d u
f wf ypöKyÜeu
f /dk
rif;½kUd ig½kUd ckuo hJ &Ydk m
a&myemcsufzYdk rysifcif/ nDvn Ydk mvkYd [da&ykid f
0wDav;&yf nDnw G u
f wfzYdk aemif&Jckdif
ukid rf mS xnfx
h m;? peJqm;ukd cspfuwfzu Ydk dk
rrsm;pDauh? pauxnfv h /Ydk wpkw½k;H ? qku H wfwek ;f rSm
tm;vk;H "dXmefcsuwfar/
&JuRef;MuufoeG f
rT;D vkeYd aH tmif? tcGEH ;DS Asm xnfv
h u
dk zf /d q&mausmf
- 118 - - 119 - - 120 -
 43

t½kd;BuJBuJeefY tbmvJ
ightyd rf uf
zsufr&tdyrf uf tJ --- t*a,mifyh ifjzpfvm
bkx H ufjrif, h ef aysmfp&mtrsm;BuD;/
eef;AdrmefaoQmif taysmfBuD;aysmfeed &f if; ---
>cD&o H if;yif; vl&if;wpfa,mufu
tqif;vSy eef;atmufuvlrsm;
rde;f r/ 0kid ;f xm;yg,m/

0kid ;f cûypk tm;r[d tifr[d

tEk?tvSpum; yuwdt½k;d pkw/d 'k;H 'k;H 'kid ;f 'kid ;f
csKdysm; --- r[dErG ;f yg;vkYd ajrmufyidk ;f t&yfu
rkom;pum;eefY tpm;yD;ygqefy;D yg NyD;uwfvTm;uwfoH
wtm;csD;`rSmufoH wpmpmeefY qlqn l n H H
Mum;jyef&yDwd rdpmä o&J qefa&mif;ede, f m ---
*Gr;f qDxd 'g;qG?J 'kwq f JG EIwo f ;D pl
wtdtd --- t½k;d BuJBuJeefY qHyifjcL
vko d nfq h E´ tbmvJ/ jiLplpum;
jynf0h z½kzd &J igvefEY ;dk --- / r,m;toH
Opöm --- / trk;d zm&m jyefveS pf Of;pm;&if;
&vm --- / cif;p&m zsmr[d edecYf if;tdyrf uf/
&mZmbk&if trSe[ f ad &a*gif;tk;H
igjzpfcsif opfom;wkH;/ oQiftkef;
aysmf&iT f --- /
- 122 - - 123 -
 44

&ckdifom;av &ifvD;a& olr\ NrDusif;xdyfrSm

&u©r@dKif? jynf&ckid rf m
t,ifcgav? 0gukpd u dk yf sKd; &ifeifBh uDut
JG eHUqk;d ukd oif;jr½SL½Iu
d zf Ydk
xnfrsKd;pkv H if? &uúe;f pifü ezl;qHpukd zGzaG oQck;d erf;zkYd
&ckid of al v? ysKdjzL&ufaw ig---aemufq;Hk vku d vf mcyga&a0/
jynfwiG ;f jzpf½Udk ? 0wfvrYdk ukef *ede&Yf ckid of m;? 0wfpm;topf
jynfwiG ;f vkv H ?D 0D;NrD&yfjcm; r0,fEidk af u? zG&J mjzpfvYdk igjrwfE;dk a& tkid Af yD ef;EG,w
f d
a&mif;vkpYd m;au? 0rf;cg;vnf;vS olrsm;pGeyYf pf? tnpfta[mif; rif;&ifbwfjym;csyfcsyfxuf wGm;wufeed u
f wfaw
jynf"nmav? om,mcvnf; taumif;tqk;d ? rsKd;jym;pkn H D ykd;avmufwdaysmfuwfzkdY
*edeZYf mykid ?f EIid ;f vk,
Yd OS af u ukvm;rqm&D? abmif;zDw½kwrf 0wf rif;EIwcf rf;aoQwd eEGi;f a&mifxvkYd
&ckid o
f m;av &ifv;D a&/ rtyfr&m? t*Fvyd rf *g0ef pdwn f pfcsifa&a0
twGicf jH yifc?H rusefpw k Ef wI f ra0zefuwfyguJzh d
aygif;pkvyk af w? tqk;d xkyu f ydk if em;vnfzYdk rjzpfEidk yf g/
aus;Zl;wifv?Ydk ol,ifig,if
0wfvq Ydk ifau? £ajE´z;Hk vnf; ighorD;wdrmS rdcif
bke;f uHerd v hf ?Ydk owåpd rG ;f &nf rif;rjzpfcvDEeS ;f
rwnfysufErG ;f ? &ckid o f al v om;tdrrf &Sad & rde;f raumif;wpfa,muf
&ckid of m;rSm? rawmufxeG ;f yJ wm0efrphJ mG eefY opömBuD;cvD,if/h
ESr;f edeu
f wf,m? jrif&ygau
&ckid of m;av &ifv;D a&/

"nOD;
- 124 - - 125 - - 126 -
 45

wpfa,mufwvD
twG,ftwm rdwaf qGaygif;oif;
aomufcsif;azmfvJ
t&ufuq dk dk owif;ryD;
olUtvkdus xm;cNyD;au
aomufeed &f au vm;uwfawcg ukq d ;dk ayrSm t,pf&m/
usif0h wfwd ar;cGe;f wd&rdS mS ,pfawnwkid ;f
rif;eefiY g ûyH;jyEkid cf uwfaw edepYf idk ;f rIid ;f vkYd tcsdeMf umau
t*k---rif;twGuf pdw½f idk ;f ½k0Yd if tdrrf mS r,m;
ighyef;jcif;wd vkt d yfzo Ydk v d m; olxif&mvm; pdwu f m;rcs
ighuAsm&Gwo f H vkt d yfzo Ydk vd m; olUr,m;ukd aMumifMh updw0f if
igh&ifxJ rsuf&nf&rdS &Sd wjym;zkyYd if ighcspfvifa&
rif;odp&m vkt d yfzo Ydk v d m;/ cifyrHk us t&ufrufaw-ukq d ;dk ay/ eD0ifcsdeuf s
*kxufxyd if baZmifysifvYdk
&Dpufuek Af sm,f ,pfawedeq Yf dk qifjcifrwwf
oHrcdI wfAsm,f wysKdysKdeefY rjywfwef;&m
Zmwfvrf;rNyD;ygoda0 tdru f rdk a&muf aomufeed v f m*k
aemufq;Hk vufaqmif NrDpidk wf pfcJ aomufzaYdk zmf&m ppkccJ
rif;twGuNf rDusif;xJudk NrDpidk w
f pfcJ wGv d yD gau pdwrf mawG;vkYd
a'csifah & iGyD goavmuf tonf;uyif
rif;ezl;qHpukd zGzaG oQterf;wpfcyk a0/ tdrrf mS [dpmG ajymifatmifaomuf/ Muifemcspf&
cspfjcif;arwåm\ rm,mwpf&yfygAsm,fa,/ tdraf xmifzufudk
a'gorvkd
armifckdifatmif rmefûid;rxm;
[efw Y m;qkad r tukt
d &uf-jzwfygzd/
- 127 - - 128 - tcifxGef;?ppfawG?
 46

vrf; 30 u (3)
&ckdiforaoQwpfa,mufyg;okdh bk&m;w&m;
nOfY
ightoJMum;u &efuek rf if;orD;aoQ
(1) r[m0dZÆmwef; usrf;jyKa&qk0d g
ArmraoQwduawmif ]ESpaf ygif; 200vlraI &;? trdoyd af w nOfh
tD;a,mifac:vD&atmif av;ûrdUjrpf0rS ;f } ig ttdyv f aS uavh
Armpum;w<uyf<uyf olUusrf;ESmar/ rif;odynf Ofrh mS u
ESpv f u®[;D vfzed yfeefY ig vefEY ;dk a&axm/
puyfa&mifp0Hk wf (4)
eDqef;qvGe;f um;xufrmS edwidk ;f jrif av;ûrdUjrpfaMumif; pkdif;j'm;(½Iciff;om)
NrDjyifrmS NcDyifcszl;,ufvm;rod tajymif;tjyef vku d yf g&pD
pk;d jrwfeE´mau w,rf;,rf; &Durf; ,yfcwf
[ef;csde;f zkcsde;f cqef;qef; jcifowf xD;rk;d
onf;NcD;tzrf;cH&a&vl ---ig trsKd;rsKd;aom olUudp0ö pöwt d wGuf
rD;a,mifyyl em/ ouúm,'d|dvGwf
(wpfcv k jJ yefvrYdk &Awfp)D
(2) vkyyf ;D cGi&hf au usD/
ZmedZm&ufcg
ig&ifziG vhf &D zkaYd v; (5)
wlvv Ydk m; wefvv Ydk m; Munhv f rYdk 0 cspfvrYdk 0
wef;xm;ucG;D ukd ausmufcsyvku d af wykid f jrwfE;dk vkaYd v;r0a&? &efuek u f
jyefajymypfvwfaraMumufvYdk ightoufj*Kyfacs
yjym;arSmufe&D a&tcspfrsKd;/ ighpwd Ef v
S ;Hk ukd ukid yf emvIyyf vku
d af w
tk-d --&wemt½kyaf cs/
- 130 - 0D;eD& - 132 -
 47

trifvyd u f rÇm tbmr,m;&Sm

tvkyf Zmwfysuf r,m;r& bDv;l reefx Y ufyufus
xk0d g' a'0g'
xif;rD;usdcJ rMum;0Hrh emom tol&;DG cs,fcpGmav
jymxJrmS &J&eJ D Zmavcsifh tolbif;usDuspGmav --- ajz
yl&edS rf [d? tylcsderf od a't&G,f a'umvrSmrS xkx d ;dk a'xk;d
tvif;ew¬?d wrGrd u dG Rrf; tvuFmwdysKdus rsuf&nf,jdk y vufnKdS ;BuD;wpfawmifavmufeefY
prf;Munhrf aS vmif? rD;ukeaf tmifjymzk;H aemifwBuD;&vk&d uk, d v hf nfajcmif;oG;D uk, d af zgufaomuf
aemufq;Hk --- avmuukd&efûid;xm; uk, d rhf ;D vQH uk,
d jhf yefavmifawmuf
csKyfoOk ;f --- pyg;&dwo f m;ukvm; tiSm;rusa&ykid f 'l;axmufjcif;\ 'kw, d trnfemr/
aemifpOfe*d ;Hk / zkzH BHk uD;ypfv/Ydk
"g;w0if0h ifh
aumuf½;dk rD;awmufavmif arQmfpifxyd rf mS cg pifjrifx
h ufuol&aJ umif;
eDa&mifyidk yf jl yif; vSu D mZmESxpfv?J (Munhv f aYdk umif;eDwek ;f od)
tvif;wef;ypöu© &GMD unhjf zpfcyg,ifv h m; ukwaf csmif;ukwaf csmif; aemufaz;0if
wcsufwjy umv tkZd ek ;f ukcd snf;tjypfcs jrufcwG zf &Ydk mysifev
D AD sm,fvwf toQif½Udk /
atmufNcDukdxkd;jy cg;rSm"g;rwpfvufnyS v f /Ydk
avmutoGif
rsufvkH;wdukdtm;rem
ûAef;ueJjrifvu dk &f /
em;wdut dk m;rem
0dnmOfjrwf½Udk uktd m;rem
rD;ESprf ;D jymjzpf
pmrsufEmS xufrmS oDwiG ;f &Sm
tESpo f m&uGJ
ESajrmzku
Yd adk wmif
tvkyq f pdk mG Zmcsifv
h /J
ESajrmvku d yf g,ifh tpfu/dk

jrwfomxGef; aemifat;
- 134 -
 48

avmif;NydKifyGJ cspfol
&ufaygif;oQpfaomif;avmufudk awmifwef;wdu
vufcsKd;wpfcg r&GzD ;l pdr;f jrvif;vuf oG,v f jYdk rifv
h Ydk
t*krS olU½kUd csifau Zmolxifzv Ydk aJ ,
ede&Yf ufu&dk DG ,dr;f vku d af v ,dr;f vku d af rmif½Udk vwf wederYf mS ighyxrqk;H ikod wH u d dk
Mu,f<uDuadk umuf t*k- awmif;wkid ;f jyefy;D a&
avQmufvrS ;f czl;a&vrf; Zmbufudk ,dr;f &zkv Yd J NyD;au jyeford ;f xm;vD,if/h
wrf;weDuwfvm/ tcifaoQ
awmtkyfwdu
pG,af wmf&u G yf idk f ûcdixhf uJ Muuf eufarSmifridI ;f nKdU wdr;f vkNYd idr;f vkYd
cspfuwfawcg a'goxGuf Zmolxifzv Ydk aJ ,
ydawmufyifatmufrmS rmewufvYdk wederYf mS trd,idk ;f om;jcif;ukjd yefMum;&a&
'kuu © o dk ck vkxYd if tk;d rnf;okwzf rYdk vkd *kqadk u
udE&é aD rmifEyHS if tvkv d edk ,
D if; cGyef u
D wfAsm,fum/ trdajymca& qkcd a& 0w¬Kaw;jcif;wdudk
tbmac:&,if/h awmif;wkid ;f jyefy;D a&
urf;axmifeh efY ûydiaf &yGrJ mS NyD;au jyeford ;f xm;vD,if/h
wpfa,mufvnf;aemifw&
wpfa,mufu rsuf&nf,dk
a,0ga,-
Zmwford ;f zkyYd /JG

aemif&Jckdif
- 136 - - 137 - - 138 -
 49

tcgvGefydawmuf
yifv,fvidI ;f wdu
ysm;&nfcg;wpfpuf
jzLvGjymñkUd armfvjYdk rwfvYdk
arQmfvifch suf"g;oGm;xuf uckef
Zmolxifzv Ydk aJ ,
&ufpufrt I 0gwd wuf<utkzH UJG /
wederYf mS tzrSmwrf;ukd jyefMum;&a&
*kqadk u
pdr;f rIid ;f awmtkyf EGUJ eDEUJG aESmif;
tz&ifxu J rmeoHarwåmoHwu d dk
ighou d m© w&mwdy<hJ uD
awmif;wkid ;f jyefy;D a&
(rif;twGu)f ajrqDjzpfvm;cAsm,f/
NyD;au jyeford ;f xm;vD,if/h
vDniS ;f wdu awmeHUawmifeUH uk, d v l mAsm,f
vIid ;f tdxufu
vIid ;f wdeefY aw;jcif;oHûydiq f u
dk wfaw ZmrSmav vufonf;cRefwd
pkid ;f '&m;iSuaf oQ\£ajE ´rsKd;eefY
,if;*Dw oif;jra& vDudk ZmrSmav qGv J o JG vH iG w
f d
wefz;dk wducdk 0gcs
ig½kUd bk;d bD;ZlZm ,SLcuwf ZmrSmav ]ûrdUr}wd
{u&Db&k ifr rif;ygAsm,fa0/
ig½kUd ,SLuwf tpGw&f nfzuf
ig½kUd rsKd;qufw, d LS uwfaw/ ajcmufajcmufoNdG rDtjyifrmS &yf
zwfzwfrsKd;
nurk;d &Gma& cE¨mjywf yGuyf u
G q f al &/
vufrmS qkyx f m;a&
igh&ifzwf tydik ;f tusKd;wd
oJjzLvGvaG oQwd ,kq d if;vm;a& jymtvl;vl;ukrd w I f
ûzd;ajzmuf<uyfqwf/
vufz0g;ukjd zefvY u
dk af wcg ½Iwu
f eJ igck;d erf;rd,if/h
uyfusefeed af &oJyiG ahf oQwd
,if;txJrmS ig½kUd [deed , f if/h aemifat;
armifckdifatmif
- 140 - - 141 -
 50

yef;tkd; em&Dysuf
ta&mif;xkid ;f yef;tk;d xJu tmumvDjyif
EGr;f cGñ
D KSd ;vQ yef;nGeaYf oQa& 0D[ifxufrmS
olygAsm,fa,/ rSewf idk ;f qefAsm,f
&ifjyifawmf0ifaygufu a'gifu h sKdiaf oQrSm awmifyw H pfcsufrcwfz;l ?
rk;d pGwaf w aMumifaoQykid f iSuq f 0dk g
xkid ef ed yf g,if/h ûcdixhf rJ mS arQmf
aysmfAsm,feed , f if/h
ckpH wk af oQwpfv;Hk
yef;tk;d eHUomwkid f qDr;D wkid f oDwmckEpS w f ef
rif;a& &ifjyifawmf tdrv f n S ;f yg
olq Y idk cf ef;aoQa& vIid ;f &DxefvYdk
rif;a& &ifjyifawmf&cD srf;tk;d yg
xk;d t&ifEpS o f ;Hk q,fu jzm;qefavhwpfcgrul;zl;?
rif;a&
olUtrdqidk ef efY xyfwyl gAsm,f ig;qk0d g
rk;d xwpfcrk mS rif;&Gwzf Ydk
trGv D m; usdepf mvm; avSmifuefxaJ rQmf
rGe;f wnfw h pfcrk mS ig&Gwzf Ydk
ra&&m rajzoma'gifah oQrSm aysmfAsm,feed , f if/h
ighEv S ;Hk tdyx
f u
J
edw0ifxidk f &yga&/ oif;jra&vuFmESpyf 'k jf zpfaw/
yD;au]y'kra® ygifw}dk ykid f ,l
csKdjrjracgif;avmif;oH auR;au ]ZlZum}ykid f pm;
armifckdifatmif ]awrd} pum;
tqifvv S S vG,t f w
d f
(&ckid b
f &k m;wdu tiSm;NcDxm;Asm,f
tdrrf ufxrJ mS yif
yef;onftbkaoQwdo)Ydk aumif;aumif;yifavhaysmfa&um/
[dygod,ifv h m;a0 bkaoQ/

aemif&Jcdkif
- 142 - - 143 -
 51

vDylcg; OD;&mZfoQifukd
tD'q D ifZh u
JG ?dk wpfcsufacscsD; ZDwifzl;zkdYvmyguwf
ausmufcJwdukd
pyfwrf;emifq h BD udwf (1) (2)
ightw d x
f u J &u©y&l ?D jrwfXmeDrmS awmifxyd cf smu? Munfyh gcDwidk ;f
,kMH unfrI [dprk phJ w k ud dk ZmwDyx k ;dk ? trsKd;rsKd;au rIid ;f jym0Dau? vDvnf;jzL;jzL;
avsmfvkduf&/ jynfNh zdK;pkn
H ?D [deyD gjim; vIid ;f jzLjrL;vk?Yd MunfE;l p&m
trsm;vloQif? OD;xdyw f ifau yifv,fjymav? pdr;f jymñk&Yd pf
a'vlurdk S jrwfoQifO;D &mZf? "gwftppfudk acsmif;jrpfo, G af u? BuD;i,favmif;vSD
iGaD &mifpuúLyg;ukd o'¨g,kzd w d ?f tusKd;vkad u pkcH sDqefwuf? iSu[ f if;ombJ
oHrPd"g;vkyf jrwfawpdwef ef?Y awmifxyd cf smrSm pkid ;f '&m;cGgoH? nHrpJau
yOövufpum;vk;H azmazmBuD;emifh r[mrif;aumif;? zavmif;&mZm ysH0aJ MumfaMumf? zkrd ac:um
vm- ñ§Kd Uzrf; wnfcygau? jrifomav;&yf emom,ifah v? emom,ih/f
t[rf; ---- vGexf ifay:um? oyÜg,fvwfvYdk
aus;Zl;ygrdwaf qG ½kn
d w
G Of ;D wif? roDcifudk (3)
igu --- wpfcgoDz;l NyD;om;yg/ t,ifvmvk?Yd zl;yguwf/ awmifxyd cf smu? Munfyh gcDwidk ;f
rIid ;f rIid ;f ñdñYk ?Ydk rkrYd aYdk wmawmif
ckid v
f ?l ½k;d r? jyifv,fa*gifrmS ? rI&H jD ymau
aysmfb, G w
f jzm? vGr;f &mwpfrsKd;
pdwb f 0ifrmS ? &owk;d um
om,m,ifah v? om,m,if/h

- 145 - - 146 - - 147 -

 52

rsKd;wifhpDcsif
*[ZmjrL;ckud ?f aiGcsif;vku
d v
f Ydk
qifem wku d af qmufum;pD;? aiGyifo;D Asm,f
ukBd uD;b0 cg;0rf;vS/
'Pf&maoQ vufwpfqpf
uRD;[pfypfpmG u toHaumif;uifrmS / vkv
YH ZGx J yf? ½kud sKd;nGwv
f Ydk
bGUJ jrwf'*D &D? wwef;oDeefY
cE¨muk, d f tBuD;roef nDaoQnDvwf ynmwwf/
tpG,pf v Hk jH ywfeefY
uk,d Ohf ;D pD; ud, k jf yefowf rT;D ysHUBudKifoif;? ausmfowif;eefY
(4) uk,d w hf yf uk, d jf yefeif; ,rif;vSo;DG ? ½IrNiD;au
awmifxyd cf smu? Munfyh gcDau wku
d yf o JG iG ;f rdcpD mG yifu arxG;D ESr tvSy/
yrmNrDoiG ?f o½kyx f if&mS ; aMomf .... rSm;vDjcif;/
rsm;oligyif? pdw0f ifpm;au "e*kPw f if?h ynmqifAh sm,f
BudK;wHwm;uk?d pD;vm;jzwfausmf aemifat; 0if0h gtqif;? zufNydKifuif;vnf;
&Tiaf ysmfjrL;jrL;? bk&m;vnf;zl; 0if;NcHrvk?H odpw d rf eI v
f Ydk
vdyOf wl;a,mif? oabmaqmifum rsKd ; *k P f v uf v G w f ? rck d i f r wf a u
usef;rmcku d rf mS ? zl;cvku
d af v/ jrwfum;jrwf,ifh rsKd;rwifch sif/h

"nOD;

- 148 - - 149 - - 150 -

 53

twårme aysmufqkH;jcif;
owåKiSuyf sH ti,fpm;
*sufav,mOf jyLwif;aygufu ikUH tMunfrh mS
ppfawG z½ku H m rmefatmif &rf;NAJ
raus;eefY puk
uRef;aoQwd ykpck ½k
b*Fvm; &Dtidk cf u
G af oQwpfcx
k rJ mS
wpkwa0; aygavmarsmay:vk/Yd

pGr;f &nfynm? uRrf;usif&meefY pdwt

f m½keH efiY g
apwemyef;rk;d ? qGwjf zef;EI;d Asm,f tm&Se0D ef;
trsKd;oDv? ESpXf meukd tumoblwm pcef;rSm aumhprkad emh
jynf0h r@dKif? apmifph nf;Ekid zf Ydk urÇmac: tpkid t f cJudk Munfv
h udk f
r[m&efuek af vqdyrf mS
ckid o
f ZifyiG ?hf tm;rmef0ifah u tm&S tmz&du tp[da& wku d cf Ek pS w
f u
dk f
owå KiSuyf sHaoQ em;
rsKd;wifah &av rsKd;wifah &/ iSuof udk w
f pfcw k nf;xJu
tvlreD ,D H avSum;tqif;rSm
iSuaf oQckEpS af umif tpkwpkudk jrif&/
ig .... ig .... ig jzKwfpw
d u
f aoQ
armifeef;vS?ajrmufOD;? ykid t
f edk ;D ,m; tifwmpw,fvm ,mOfeefiY g
i,f.... i,f .... i,f ....
aysmuf ....aysmuf ....aysmuf /
ESpef pS qf ,fc&D;udk jzwfoef;
tvif;ESp\ f tykid ;f *Pef; tuGmt0D;u
eDpMum0Vm [d&mukd vSr;f arQmf
ppfawGapmaemif
t&G,af wmfMu,fyiG w hf pfpk 0ef;usifrmS
urÇmyg0ifa& N*dK[fro d m;pkrem;/
- 151 - - 153 -
 54

vlESifhwlatmif usifh &GufEkjyefcsdef

rm,mrsm;a&vl tvGr;f jyif;jyif;udk wpfcu G Nf yD;auwpfcu
G ef efY
MunfjzLESv;Hk om; oG;D tm;enf;opf&yd af tmufrmS xkid ef ed cf g
xm;csifrx S m;a& trdEt Ydk a&mif N*dK;aoQtoHMum;rda&
rcHcsifpw d jf yif;jy
wem;wpfrsKd; &Gu<f uDawmrD;ykx H u
J
pdwwf idk ;f rusau ]arm[}0if
*kwpfrsKd; 'Pf&mr[da& aumif;uifjymxJudk
]a'go}yif jzpfvm;wwf,ih/f
trsKd;rsKd;ajymif;vJwwf/ zdepfiu S yf idk f axmifjh zwfysHwufvm;vD,if/h
acsmif;em;0u ]vrmefyif}ykid f
ud,
k x hf ufoma&xif remvkcd sif Zmol[efv Y Ydk &zkaYd ,mif
xkzd uf,idk f a'zuf,idk f
uk,
d x hf uferd ahf &xif rqifrjcif jropf jrEk jrnGeYf jrzl; jrEk jr&D
r@dKifrxm;
uk,
d u f sKd;r[dauyif rqufqcH sifoabm vjcrf;NrDrmS
]Zmwd}rSm;arSmuf
pdwrf aem,kwn f /hH qifzedk eD yH gwf(2000)ukd pqkAd sm,f/
twå &Sud dk a&mufeed o
f &Gd
trSm;wda*s; a&mxG;D yem;
oifah &cg taumif;jrif opf&u G w
f idk ;f rSm orkid ;f &Sad &
roifah &cg tjrifq;dk tdraf cgifr;dk xufu opf&u G f
tajzu pdwf
olt
Y usKd;f zsufp;D wwfaw/ 'keH mvrf;xufu opf&u G f
,kzd w
d rf cH
w&m;trSef &SmBuH&½dS I emvmajrmif;xJu opf&u G f
uk, d u
f sKd;ukd &Su
d wif prf;acsmif;xJu opf&u G f
rmetrSm;wpfcak Mumihf b0r½I;H oifh
rSm;a&jrif qifNcDy;D jrifjh rwfawopf&u G wf ad &
rif; .... vleefw
Y al tmifusif/h
vluY sif0h wfudk rxde;f yifNcDudk opöm&S&d edS efY OD;nGwf
twå BuD;a&/ MoZmNrDEk jzpfvm;uwfaw/
r[mausmf?rif;jym;?

- 154 - - 155 - - 156 -

 55

twGif;em
,kMH unfcsufudk
awmif;wpfv;Hk rSmxnfh
½k;d wpfzufudk
vufxeG ;f ypf
ig ....
qifemjzpfaw .... tpfudk
,if;ol½Udk topfjyefr;DG vmau
&GuEf o
k pfcsdeaf &mufysm,fa0 qifupyfpmG
opfneG oYf pfz;l qdwrf cHEidk f
b0b0wd &moDu;l Asm,fa0/ ukid ;f wHzsm;uazmho;D ukMd unfh
qdwq f q
G wd q
f eG efY
a'tcsderf mS yifv,fjyifu
yef;yifwu d &dk aD vmif;yg wDjzpfzuYdk dk vIid ;f vk;H wdu&dk eDG aD &
iSuaf oQwdudk tpmauR;yg aMumufawvlwd oJaomifcx Hk ufu Avdwd
ol&aJ umif;wdudk atmufryd g jyifxuG Of tjynfeh efY zk;d acgifawmifNcD&if;u
0okNE´u
D dk ylaZmfyg/ avmif;eH&u H Edk pS zf ufeif; ]usifpnf}cwfpmG ukad wmif
]yef;usif;}pnfw;D ,if; &ifrckeu f wfAsm,fum/
armifckdifatmif vmpm;uwfaw/
aemif&Jckdif

- 157 - - 158 - - 159 -

 56

vufaqmifyD;olokdY tm&SeD0ef; oQif&[ef;

,if;ed/ e,fcsJUol½Udk
rk;d om;wd? wef;pD&/D vk,t l yk pf ;dk ? "g;rk;d Ncdr;f ajcmuf
eDrawmuf taMumufw&m;? wkyaf ESmifxm;vkYd
vufc&H /
vDwajzmufajzmuf jym;jym;0yf0yf? jzpfeed u f wfcsde/f
vIyv f yI &f &G ?G pmtkyMf um;rS
opf&u G af jcmufuw
dk ;dk cs ,ku d svm uAsmwpfy'k f
aqmif;ru EGrD us e,fcsJUol½Udk
tuRefEyk f
azaz:0g&Dv/ rif;rltm;ok;H ? tarSmifz;Hk vkYd
ukid vf yI cf &H /
vlv;Hk rvS? ,lusKH;r&
][&DcsESv;Hk
ede&f mu b0vljzpf½;HI uwfcsde/f
yDwzd ;Hk rd
pm;yGvJ pS &D D todpw d Ef ;dk x
a&Am;Av’/D e,fcsJUol½Udk
owd& tvif;
uvlEydS pf uf vufeuftm;uk;d
,if;uAsmrSm
vufaqmif rpk;d "r®? tm&SwcGif
NrDcspfol
armifcidk af tmifbufu 0ef;usiftm;vk;H ? tarSmifz;Hk vkYd
awmrS&D [ef;wpfyg;
trSw&f tqk;H c&D;? tjrif0;D csde/f
El;nHah & wDwpfaumif
pmtkyf abmvfyef pl;jra& opfjrpfwpfck
a&mifjyefarwåm jzmus nOfo
h idk af cgif\
0okNE´u D zdk ;l wGad & uAsmopfjrpf
w,kw, tarSmifucdk iG ;f ? tvif;jyLxGuf
q&mjzpfygpD ... vwf/
wufpeD0ef;? oQif&[ef;av
vrf;pñTejf ycvDa&/
oQiftkef;

- 160 - - 161 - - 162 -

 57

uk,
d &f r®m
]oHA;l bD,m umvaygufpsD;}
pdwful;tdyfruf w&D;Ekd; tpGmavmufxd BuD;ede,
f mvJ/

q&mpHazmf\ ]½k;d rac:oH} jrwfapm 0g

&ifxrJ mS vIid ;f cwfnH ]a&Tjynfawmf} urf;ruyf
trsKd;tm;rmef wufp, D if/h vrf;ckvwf rkewf idk ;f xef
trsKd;om;a&; b0oauFw uRrf;jyefarSmuf
pum;avhajym? w&ma[mAsm,f q&moQiftek ;f eefY q&ma&T& 0rf;ork'´&matmuf vrf;aysmufvm;,mvm;/
waMumtm&S? vGwv f rf;&zkYd &Sq
d ;Hk u yum;&yf
b0ukyd ;D ? awmfveS Nf yD;au trsKd;om;pdw"f gwfjynf0h tm;aumif;armif;oef
c&D;Murf;ukEd iS cf a&/ uAsmtvSyef;cif; ppfawGyiG v
hf mT uAsm[ef
zefqif;aumif;wke;f / ud,
k v
hf rf;rSef ]orifvnfjyef}Munfh
&[ef;qkpd mG tm;jznfhMoZm
ud,
k u
f sKd;ukx d uf? rsm;usKd;wGuu
f dk jyu©'ed yf nmoQif anmifyifBuD;atmufucGmAsm,f
zufw, G cf , H ?l erlemjy eu©waf A'if ynmwwf vrf;opfrmavSmcf wfNyD;au
b0pGev Yf m;? toQifum;rl &ckid q
f ;D 0g; ESUH pyfod anmifyifaoQ pku d Mf unfu
h wfaryvif
bk&m;avmif;xk;H ? ESv;Hk rlvsuf q&mcspf\ ]jrpfcsif;NyD;qD;0g;} tazmfac:csifa&axm/
aqmif&u G Bf udK;yrf;cvDa&/ aqmif;yg;wdujdk rif
av;pm;txifBuD;rd/ pdwu
f ;l tdyrf ufawmu
OD;Owår? &ckid u
f w&D;Ek;d tx
tm&Se0D ef;? oQif&[ef;av ... / tm*q&mBuD;wd q&mñko d ef\
Y ]omvDp&G u©w d }
pm0gBuD;wd tm;&yg;&&Gwq f dk
uavmifNrJwek ;f odaxm/ tonf;ESv;Hk EkysKdAsm,f
oEÅmarmifarmif
eufzefopfudk BudKqked rD ad &/
- 163 - - 164 - av;0wDckdifausmf
 58

ykxkZOf tpdrf;oufouf acwfopfaygufusKdif;

'Pf&mwd j*if;uyf aumif;uifuMu,fyiG hf
tdyrf ufusKyftidk x
f J wcsufwcsufepf acgifr;dk xufazmufjrif
½ke;f xGuyf pfvu
dk zf Ydk BudK;pm;vD ESpv
f D Murf;uRHa&pum;vk;H eefY
temZmcg usufygzkv Yd EJ eS ;f / tkv
d ½l Udk
Munfv h u dk pf rfcsuf
wpfcgoDz;l ½krH QeefY odMum;rif;urÁvm
ysOfz;dk ukd em;vnf&zkx
Yd m;vwf wif;vmpGm olUvuf&mvwf/
rMumrMum oDzBYdk udK;pm;
a*smhpEÅm,emu pm&f0guqkudk ESi;f tyfeed ,
f if/h Zmavwpfck
vDjynfni§ ;f EGUJ aemhwidk ;f
&Guq f ;GD wufusKd;
,dr;f ,kid af &yef;zsm;yif
ig;qku d wnf;u t½k;d tpl;ygzkeYd ef&Y m avmif;qk;d ukjd yif
igjzpfvu dk f oljzpfvu dk f
rQKdU½kUd wD½Udk ur[kwf ork'´&mxk;d c&D;ukd
oljzpfvu dk f igjzpfvu dk f
tpl;zsifrpm;wwfoal vmuf olEiS zf vYdk wf/
attemusufzkdYuawmh
t, pGmukd r&,fygauh/
ajrmufzufuadk cgif;jyKtdyNf yD;rS xifyg,ifh
obm0a&
tcsde[ f cd u dk f
pyspfov D wfvwfqwfqwfu&dk mS ocsFmr[kwf
rifh ausmufysOfrrYdk x Ydk uf
csOfpmG vJ[d csKdpmG vJ[d yg;pyfeefoY rifvu dk f
eHo
Y moG;D cGiahf oQwpfcsufavmuf
ykypf mG pm;rdcu
dk f 0rf;vm;pGmvJ[d qifzrf;ar usm;zrf;areefY
yD;ygOD;vm;
atpGm vltppfa0;vwf/ ZmrSmavtqifoifh
rGwo f yd q f mavmifveG ;f vkyYd g/
b0ifjrifeh ed af u
ckid v
f ?l ½k;d r? jzpfzv
Ydk m; [mvl/

- 166 - - 167 - aemif&Jcdkif

 59

xm0&tvSykdifoQif
rk;d BuD;onf;xef
tdyfwef;ysufaw iSuf
jzm;&DqefBuD; eDa&mifEEk ak oQrSm
csrf;tD;ylveG ;f tvSyef;pDu;Hk b0½ke;f xGuf
vIid v f o
D &rf; ypöKyÜe&f ufudk ausmfjzwf
vm;vm;Murf;auavhokdY/ puúerYf ed pfrjywf wkud pf m;
acR;aygufrsm; acsmif;jzpf
vjcrf;atmifNrD uHcidk ;f ap&m vku
d ef m
XmeDurf;pyf? uk, d jhf ynf&yfudk rnDnma&NcDvrS ;f aomuurf;rSm oG;D Ekom;Ek vDni§ ;f aoQMum;rSm
jrwfE;dk yem? rpGecYf mG yJ a&mifpyHk efcsDum;udk &G;D qGJ tawmifrpkcH ifysHvm;a& om;
pOfvmvkypf m;? &ckid o f m;/ uEÅm&urÇmxJu trd/ "gwfav;yg; jywfawmuf
uBudK;aysmufvm;a& rdciftwGuf
ig½kUd NrDrmS om; .... trdom; ....
&Dxu G of m;ig; vrif;aysmf&f m rk;d aumif;uifatmufu ESr;f pdwpf0ufawmif rqyfz;l
ykpeG u f sm;eefY &Sio
f efeed af &rk;d pufwed efY avmuoG;D ½l;wdwuf
pyg;v,f,m? 0g;opfrm½kUd arQmfvifch sufoo H &mrSm ukeq f ;Hk ca&&ufudk ESajrm
pdr;f jymawmifwef; a0'emwHcg;ydwx f m; tdyw f ef;ysufaw om;twGuf
ajrmif&pD rf;eefY tNyHK;&dyrf sm;eef/Y wrvGepf t H rd x
f ufu
urf;wGi;f urf;vGef
cGiv
hf w GT yf g trd/
"gwfa&eHeefY
o,H&aDT iG? yGm;<u,fompG
obm0vQif? xm0&yif
armifvlxGef;?,kd;NrD0?
&TjD yifyuwd vSyg\/

r[mausmf?rif;jym;? - 170 - - 171 -

 60

BuD;vma&cg uAsm,kdifnTef;udef;
zufcsif;ajymif;jyefay:jcif;
tvif;wef;ed,mrqufpyfrI
,kid n
f eTG u
f ed ;f eefY yk&H yd af ,mif
Zmydik v
f nf;awmif rrSwrf v
wcgwvD
ausmif;pmtkyf aemufq;Hk Avmpm&Guf
tvkrd usa& rsufEmS rSm
aMumifjcpf&m AvAGo D wfyem
um&ef&mS zl;ca& pdwcf srf;omjcif;
&G;D ,if;zsuf,if;eefyY if
q&mr yD;vku d af w oifcef;pmwd
vnfpyd spfov D m;aumif;xref;/
wcgwcg
d udk ,
f m/ twdwq f adk &rsufreS u
f &dk mS
yuwdjrifa&rsufped efY
ypöKyÜeu f Asmwdudk jrnf;Munfrh ad &
tbmav bk&m;
t½l;trl;eefY ig&Smzl;ca& um&ef ok;H ajr§mifzh efw;Hk wpfcu k dk
cHpm;zl;ca&uAsmtvS ajzmifb h ,uftvif;wef;u
NrDrsKdcv H m;&,mvm;rod jzwfoef;vmca& aemufyidk ;f rSm
]uAsmzGUJ enf;edoQnf;} qkad &pmtkyf q&mr oifz;l ca&taMumif;
xkww f ef;rSmBudK;wpfpcsKdif ausmif;rSmoifrcd a7 pm
ud, k v hf nfrmS wpfppGyyf em t*kawmh oabmaygufrv d ,
D m
ckeq f if;vk&Yd mcsvku d yf gzd/ jcpf&mzsuf&mxifca& rsufEmS
t*kwcsuf &G;D vku d &f zkqYd adk u
vkH;NcHKOókH
vk;H NcHKvk;H 0 oef&Y iS ;f vSya&pmvk;H wdeefY
zwfaumif;xref; [dvzD x Ydk if,if/h

vsH0if;?jrefrmpm?

- 172 - - 173 - - 174 -

 61

*kPf
trSm;t,Gif;
OMo&Daomuf
'keH mvrf; 0ifraDT ESmufvnf;
tqD;G tyJu h dk raysmufusefc? rsKd;ADZeef/Y
zmzkv Yd wfaxm
EGm;csD;&nf oGoaG oQwpfy;Hk emif/h oZifyef;ckid f
wNrdKifNrdKifav? wnfcidk Nf rJNrH
t,pf&nfzwf razmufjyefy?J eufzefrsm;pGm
wpf&ufv;Hk uGmESuyf pfcpGm urÇmwnfo&G?d okw Yd idk x
f ad v/
NyD;rS .... ]NrD;cspf}
awmif;yefzv Ydk wf trsKd;\*kPf oG;D opforkid ;f ? *kPrf ½kid ;f zkYd
vma&0g/ oDv*kP½f Udk ? ckv
d w
HI nfNrJ qEIid ;f Ek;d <u? rsKd;ADZeefY
ckid rf wfqaJ v/ b0wnf&yf? rsKd;jrifjh rwfrS
Zmwford ;f vkYd em*wfurÇm? xnf0if0h gvdrhf
ywfwed ;f au ]igeefiY gom igrsm;pGm}
tm;vk;H tdrjf yefuwfzEYdk eS ;f &m nDnmwlNydKif? wnfrh wfcidk rf S
om,mpGav ompGav
t½kid ;f ?ajrmufO;D ? z&cdik jf ynf NrdKifprd ahf v/
(NrD;cspf ckid rf sKd;EG,\f
wpfEpS jf ynfrh ;DG eeftY rSww f &)

jrwfapm?&cdik Nf rD?

- 175 - - 176 - - 177 -

 62

a,auavh
'kwfaxmuf awmifukdausmfzkdYod &Sifoefjcif;
ig\touf qku
d a&;wD; aomuf&
xuf0ufxuf ok;H yGm aemufq;Hk t&uf
ausmfvmAsm,f/ tqdy>f yef; zefcu
G xf rJ mS
ouf0ifE;dk Mum;eDa&
igarQmfonfyh ef;
rSe;f vkrYd us
xm0& tawG;OmPfwpfc/k rm,m
vrf;r&od/ b½lEdk qkad &vlom;ukd *rÇ&D 0wf½?Hk uk, d v f ;Hk NcHKvkYd
avmifuRrf;rsKd0f g;vku
d af w rD;ykrH mS ZmwfpcHk if;usif;? arSm½f w Hk iG ;f rSm
&GuEf &k , G &f ifh rD;uGi;f &Gv
d sm;eDa& eDjyif;uRrf;vku d ?f rk;d jzef;vku d f
7Guaf jcmufqifyh em xm0& ynmOmPfwpfc/k vrif;xGe;f vku d ?f wdrv f rT ;f vku d f
yef;yGi0hf wfrHI jrLESi;f qrf;vku d ?f vDMurf;vku d ef efY
vDNrHK§ <uDus a,½ItoQif\ EGr;f [kud rf rI ,S?d &ifrmS &dAskm,f
roif;jrAsm,f ouf&iS vf bYl 0ukd todcufcuf? yef;0Su0f u S v f Ydk
ESi;f rIaH vhaysmuf tEÅrd tqk;H owfvu dk af w tdyrf ufupdk ? pdwu f q dk yG em
yef;avhajcmufAsm,f vuf0g;uyfwidk rf mS tvSurÇm zsufvwfaw/
eDñKd§ wpfaxmuf &Te;f vufMunfñzdk ,G &f m
awmifwef;a&mufAsm,f/ xm0&0dnmOfawmfwpfyg;/ armifeef;vS?ajrmufOD;?
a,auavh 'kwaf xmufawmifudk ausmfzo
Ydk /d
ppfawGapmaemif
oQiftkef;

- 178 - - 179 - - 180 -

 63

avsmhwGuf tdyfcsftkdifAGD
oli,fcsif; acgif;aygif;p wum;um;
rdwaf qG jyifcw
H zm;zm;
taygif;toif; &ifaumhAsm,f w<um;<um; Zmcsifh ......
&Jabmf... ZmuN*dK[fom;vJcsif/h apwem ...... [kwv f m
............ / xm;vku d yf ga0
Zmcsifh ...... yef;ajcmufyiftoDudk
em;&Guw f yd ifu trsKd;oDv ...... [kwv f m &Davmif;eDNyD;aomhau/
wpfywk w f pf½idk f xm;vku d yf ga0
rsufEmS a&mifpeHk ef/Y bk;d bDtrGu D dk vufoyd xf ;dk yem Zmcsifh ......
a':vmyef;cif; ysKd;eDNyD;aomhau/ uk,
d u f sifo
h rm"d ...... [kwv f m
xkcd gwpfa,muf (-) &dum© wpfeyfpmtwGuf
a'cgwpfa,muf (-) Zmcsifh ...... odum© tcsyfvu dk f cGma&mif;eDNyD;aomhau/
a,ykid ef efY yJ,
h UJG qkw,
f w
k /f jA[®p&dk wf &m; ...... [kwv
f m
xm;vku d yf ga0 ukid ;f ......
aemufq;Hk cg rsuf&nfpmwpfpufudk Mum;uwfvm
uk,d ehf m;&Guw
f pfpyHk ifu wpfoufpmykid f ,ufeND yD;aomhau/ tjyifwcH g;
pmvk;H aygif;rSev
f ,
D ifv h m; twGi;f wHcg;
rjywfrom;eef/Y Zmcsifh ...... tm;vkH;ydwfAsm,fxm;
cH,cl suf ...... [kwv f m tzsm;rul;pDauh/
aemifat; xm;vku d yf ga0
yk;d xk;d avmufuu dk w
f u
d dk vIdif;?upäy?
ta&mifvkdufxm;NyD;aomhau/
- 181 - - 183 -
 64

tkd ...... pkdif;'if

[ku
d 'f ½k*d siftufwrfEpS v f ;Hk eefY ESpyf &apä' bavmufMumMum
atmufp*D siftufwrfwpfv;Hk pD &Dprd cf aH usmufv;Hk ½kUd usef;usef;rmrm
t&G0D if ck;d &mvkud yf BJG uD; ausmufzsmxufrSmxdkif
Zmykid cf &D;Murf;Murf; ausmufx&Hudk &Sq d idk Mf unfh
tcGrJ cHEidk af & a'Zmwfvrf;/ wpfc&k moD'Pfuadk vh rxkYH
r½kYH r&G/d
wef;wifawmif*sKdirf mS
tBudKifq;Hk arwåm&nf tppfw f u
d dk c&m0wpf0 awhyem
&Djzpfzefqif;oGecf svkYd obm0tvS avhvmzkv Yd ma&
Mum;&a& ESv;Hk ckeo f H bkwaf cswduwqifh tvif;ocif
*Dwqefvu dk af w .... 0Su/f jyefajymcsifa&pum; wefc;dk oQif
[drsm;[dvDvm;/ pkid ;f 'if
toQifrtod
edr&hf mjrif&h m Oya'ou tNcdteDt&
w½ke;f ½ke;f wa0ga0geefY jyXmef;vku d af wtoH rjynf0h Ekid af & qE´wd iwfrw
G f
rSevf u dk f ...... rrSev
f u
dk /f cGi&hf w T f
[kud 'f ½kyd g0grSmvmNid cGi&hf w T yf gzd/
rku
d cf ½krd m,mwdudk
prf;rwGEd idk af tmif cHpm;eD&a&cg ...... / 0D;eD&

- 184 - - 185 - - 186 -

 65

twÅjyyGJ (rmwm)
uEÅm&xJ om; &DiwfecD g
(w&m;) pdeef efjY cifvrYdk &a& trdrsuf&nfwd
wkEidI ;f r[d pGev
Yf w
T jf cif;wdxu
J igh&ifudk wl;azmfvu dk af u
tDvufx&Gew f pfraHI vmufawmif Mumñked o YH if;jra& (rdwaf qG)
tuRefrrSyD g jrwfoQif ausmufjzpf½yk <f uif; Ek&Yd nfig;puf wGv
d rd ahf r/ yef;twk pdet f wk
oHo&mrSm rSyD g&pD/ Zmwfvu dk t
f wk,adS &
(NrDcspfo)l aemufausmukd 'g;eefx Y ;dk
(b0) awmrS&D aohwpfyg; &efot l ppfvyk Af sm,f *kPo f u
d m© ,Syd g/
NyD;ygAsm,fwd rNyD;wrf;um pl;jra&opfjrpfwpfck
pnf;½k;d r[da& NcHxrJ mS El;nHah &wDwpfaumif (cspfZeD;)
a*smifyw d rf cd Asm,f 0okNED´uzdk ;l wGad & uAsmopfjrpf pGcJ sufwd wysif;uma0
&yfvaYdk wmh reDEidk yf gAsm,f/ armifcidk af tmifjzpfygpD/ 'kup© w G ef aD &EIwcf rf;aoQ vSwek ;f Asm,f
ESi;f 0Da& awmwef;aoQukd vGr;f a&
('Pf&m) (&u©w d ) ig½kUd oefpY ifNidr;f csrf;cuwfaw/
'Pf&mwdxu J *Dwpdru hf svma& eDyal tmufu Aef;xJrmS
]apwef}wD;a& Ako
H H z&Jo;D pdww
f d BuHacsmif;wd tcsKd&nfcef;vDAsm,f (orD;wd)
30 Hz atmuf a&mufv, D ifh bD,mykvif;wdyidk f usuGcJ &Asm,f ESv;Hk om;rGejf rwf ynmwwfpD
taoQwd aw;jcif;qku d wfygpD/ &ifueJG myifv,fxJ igrGr;f a&/ igh&mZ0ifudk orD;½kUd zwfzrYdk vkd
orD;½kUd orkid ;f ukd
(uAsmq&m) wHcg;aemufu ygygapmifzh wfar/
jzm;usa&cg
aomifjyifrmS vGr;f olyef;acGeefu Y sefvu
dk af w armifckdifatmif
oHyxl ufrmS wzsyfzsyfcek ef ed ,
f if/h
- 187 - - 189 -
 66

rsufESmrsm;a& vl ykHwlvIdif;wd
wpfrsufEmS a'
ESprf sufEmS yifv,fjyifxrJ mS
ok;H rsufEmS qE´wpfpHk vlvm;ajrmufEidk zf Ydk
.......... rsufEmS / &mpkwpf0ufudk crJy;D xm;c/

vkcd sifa&cg wHvQyfxeDa&

ysm;&nfeefv Y ;l vIid ;f twkwu d dk
xl;ukx d ;l a&rsufEmS / xk;d t0D;okYd ykyYd pfc/

obm0rusauavh yD;qyf&jcif;trsm;BuD;eefY
qE´jynf0h au Ak'[
¨ ;l edwu d
rI&d a&rsufEmS / t&nfBuJBuJ azsmfpyfxm;a&
0rf;0cg;vS aysmf&iT rf w
I u d dk aomufo;Hk a&/
remvko d 0efaMumif pm;uwf&zkq Yd adk u
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- 191 - - 192 -
 67

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- 193 - - 194 - - 195 -

 68

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- 197 - - 198 -
 69

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- 199 - - 200 - - 201 -

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- 202 -
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- 203 - - 204 -
 71

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