Ebook T V NG

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"Hi luyn thi i hc mn ting anh"
L Th Hng
A
1. Afraid- Scared- Frightened (adj): s
- 1 s trng hp 3 t ny c th dng thay th cho nhau.
* Dont be scared / afraid / frightened! Im not going to hurt you.
(ng s, ti khng lm bn au u).
- C 3 tnh t ny u c cu trc of + -ing v to + infinitive.
Huongs afraid of / scared of / frightened of flying in small planes.
(Hng s i my bay nh).
She seemed too afraid/ scared/ frightened to swim where there were such big waves.
(C y c v s bi nhng ni c sng ln).
a. Afraid /fred/
- C th dng cng vi i t, danh t.
Thuy Trungs a strict teacher. Everyone seems to be afraid of him.
(Thuy Trung l mt gio vin nghim khc. C v ai cng s ng).
- Khng th ni afraid by something
Huong was afraid by the hooting of the cat.=> FALSE
(Hng s ting ku ca con mo)
- Afraid khng th ng trc danh t, ch ng sau ng t.
A very afraid man=> FALSE
(1 ngi rt nht gan)
He seemed afraid.
(C v anh ta s).
b. Scared /skd/
- C th dng cng vi i t, danh t.
ABCD
L Th Hng
Thuy Trungs a strict teacher. Everyone seems to be scared
of him.
- C th ni scared by something
Huong was scared by the hooting of the cat.
- Scared c th ng trc danh t/ sau ng t.
A very scared man
(1 ngi rt nht gan)
He seemed scared.
(C v anh ta s).
c. Frightened /frtnd/
- Khng th dng cng vi i t, danh t.
Thuy Trungs a strict teacher. Everyone seems to be frightened of him.=> FALSE
- C th ni frightened by something
Huong was frightened by the hooting of the cat.
- Frightened c th ng trc danh t/ sau ng t.
A very frightened man
(1 ngi rt nht gan)
He seemed frightened.
(C v anh ta s).
2. Alone- Solitary: 1 mnh
a. Alone /ln/ (adj- adv) : to be+ alone: mt mnh, khng c ai bn cnh, tch
khi nhng ngi, vt khc
ABCD
L Th Hng
She looked forward to being alone in own castle .
(C y mong c sng mt mnh trong lu i ca mnh).
- Feel alone mang sc thi ngha mnh hn, khng ch l mt mnh m cn
l c n, khng hnh phc.
I feel alone almost all the time.
(Ti cm thy c n hu nh tt c thi gian)
- Alone~ on my (your, his, her, our, their) own~ by oneself (myself, yourself,
etc): lm g mt mnh.
Lam Khang walks to school alone~ Lam Khang walks to school on her own.
(Lam Khang i b n trng mt mnh)
b. Solitary /slt()ri / (adj) : mt mnh
- i vi danh t ch ngi: solitary ~ alone; i vi danh t ch vt, solitary:
tr tri.
One solitary tree grew on the mountain side.
(Mt cy c th mc bn sn ni)
c. S khc bit
- Alone (adj- adv): mt mnh, ch dng cho ngi.
- Alone: khng th s dng trc danh t
Hai is an alone girl. => FALSE
(Hi l mt c gi n c)
- Solitary (adj) : mt mnh, dng c cho c ngi v vt.
- Solitary: c th s dng trc danh t, nhng khng c s dng trc ng
t.
Hai is a solitary girl.
(Hi l mt c gi n c)
ABCD
L Th Hng
3. Affect- Effect
a. Affect /fkt/ (v): tc ng, nh hng n ai , ci
g
The frequent changes of weather affect her health.
(Thi tit thay i lm nh hng n sc kho ca c y)
b. Effect /fkt/ (n): c tc ng, nh hng n ai , ci g
- Have an effect on someone/something~ affect
Thuan has a great effect on my future~ Thuan greatly affects my future.
(Thun c nh hng rt ln ti tng lai ca ti.)
- Effect (v): t c iu g, khin iu g xy ra
The Prime Minister effected an improvement in the country.
(V th tng mi mang li nhiu tin b cho t nc)
4. Ago- Before (adv): trc
a. Ago //: trc tnh t hin ti tr ngc v qu kh, thng dng
vi qu kh n (S+V-ed/ V2)
Huong went to Da Lat city 4 months ago.
(Hng ti thnh ph Lt 4 thng trc)
b. Before /bf/:
- Before: trc y/trc dng khi so snh 1 th vi tt c cc th khc
cng loi.
Huong has never watched such a wonderful film before.
(Hng cha bao gi xem 1 b phim tuyt vi nh th trc y.)
- Before: trcch 1 s vic xy ra trc 1 s vic khc trong qu kh,
thng dng vi qu kh hon thnh (S+ had+ p.p)
Huong lived in Hue city in 2009, she had lived in Quang Tri province 3 years
before.
ABCD
L Th Hng
(Hng sng Hu vo nm 2009, c y sng Quang
Tri 3 nm trc .)
5. Apologize- Excuse- Sorry: xin li
a. Apologize /pldz / (v): m ch vic tha nhn li lm, t v n hn vi
nhng g sai tri lm.
- Apologize + for + V.ing/ Noun
I apologize for missing your birthday.
(Ti xin li v qun sinh nht ca bn)
- To apologize to s.o for s.t
I apologize to Ms. Ana for my late arrival.
(Ti xin li c Ana v n tr)
b. Excuse /kskjuz/ (n, v)
- Excuse for st / doing st: l do bo v/gii thch cho cch ng x
Dinh Tuyen is always making excuses for being late.
(nh Tuyn lun tm cch bo cha cho vic mnh i tr)
- To excuse sb / st for st / doing st: tha th 1 li lm, th li cho ai/vic g; bo
cha
Please excuse my late arrival; excuse me for being late
(Xin tha li cho vic ti n mun)
Nothing can excuse such rudeness.
(Khng g c th bo cha c tnh th l nh vy)
- To excuse sb from st: min cho, tha cho
Students may be excused from doing this exercise.
(Hc sinh c th c min lm bi tp ny)
- Excuse me: xin li khi ta ngt li, khng ng
Excuse me, is anybody sitting here?
ABCD
L Th Hng
(Xin li, c ngi ngi y ri phi khng ?)
- Excuse me? : lm n nhc li iu bn va ni
Excuse me? Can you repeat the second sentence?
(Xin li? Bn c th nhc li cu th 2 c khng?)
- Must excuse myself: xin rt lui v c vic phi i.
Now I must excuse myself, gentlemen.
(Tha qu ng, by gi ti xin php rt lui y).
c. Sorry /sri/ (adj, thn t)
- To be + sorry + for/ about + V.ing/ Noun: rt h thn v hi hn
Tu said he is sorry for his mistake.
(T ni rng anh y rt hi hn vi li ca anh ta)
Ch :
Im sorry for being late=> TRUE ~~~~~~ I am sorry for late=> FALSE
Im sorry Im late
=> TRUE ~~~~~~ Im sorry to late=> FALSE
(Ti xin li cho vic n mun)

- To be+ sorry + to do st/ that: ly lm bun
Im sorry to say that I wont be able to go to the farewell party.
(Ti ly lm tic phi ni rng ti khng th n tic chia tay.
- To be/feel sorry for somebody: thng cm vi ai; cm thy thng hi/khng
tn thnh
I feel sorry for anyone who has to drive in this sort of weather
Ti thng cm vi bt c ai phi li xe trong kiu thi tit nh th ny.
- Better safe than sorry: th cn thn cn hn l xy ra iu ng tic, cn
tc v u
- Sorry (Thn t):
+ Dng xin li, a ra li bo cha...
ABCD
L Th Hng
Sorry, I don't know where he lives.
(Tht ng tic, ti khng bit anh y u.)
+ Dng yu cu ai nhc li ci g mnh khng nghe chnh xc
Oanh: I'm hungry. (Ti i ri)
Nam: Sorry? (G ?)
Oanh: I said I'm hungry (Ti ni l ti i ri)
6. Above- Over (pre): trn
- Above, over: din t v tr cao hn mt vt g khc.
They built a new room above/ over the garage.
(H xy mt cn phng mi trn nc gara).
- Above, over: nhiu hn.
Inflation is above/over 6%.
(Lm pht trn 6%).
a. Above /bv /
- Above: dng so snh vi 1 mc c nh, 1 tiu chun no .
The mountain is 2000 feet above sea level.
(Ngn ni ny cao 2000 feet so vi mc nc bin).
b. Over /v/
- Over: dng vi s tui, tin v thi gian.
He is over 50.
(ng y hn 50 tui ri y).
It cost over $100.
(Gi ca n trn $100).
We waited over 5 hours.
(Chng ti ch hn 5 ting ng h ri).
- Over: dng ni v s chuyn ng t ch ny sang ch khc
ABCD
L Th Hng
They jumped over the stream.
(H nhy qua dng sui).
- Over: ph ln.
Thang put a blanket over his son.
(Thng p chn cho con trai anh y).
7. Ache- Hurt- Pain- Sore: au n
a. Ache /ek/ (n) : au n v tinh thn
Quy is causing me a lot of heartache.
(Qu gy ra cho ti nhiu ni au tinh thn)
- Ache: thng xut hin trong danh t ghp- headache, stomach ache,
backache, heartache
Ache (v) : au m , au khng dt v th xc
My head aches.
( Ti nhc u)
b. Pain /pen/ (n,v): s au n, au kh v th cht, tinh thn
I have a pain in the head.
(Ti au u)
Hoang pains me to think of you being so unhappy with your life.
(Hong lm cho ti cm thy au kh khi cu khng hnh phc vi i mnh)
Ch :
- Ache c dng trong th tip din, pain khng c dng trong th tip
din.
My back is really aching.=> TRUE
My back is really paining.=> FALSE
(Lng ti au)
ABCD
L Th Hng
c. Hurt /ht/ (n): A hurt to sb's pride/ reputation: iu
chm, lm tn thng n lng t i/thanh danh ca
ai
Hues question is a hurt to my pride.
(Cu hi ca Hu l iu lm tn thng lng t i ca ti)
- Hurt (v): to hurt sb's pride/ reputation: chm, lm tn thng n lng t
i/thanh danh ca ai
Hues question hurts my pride.
(Cu hi ca Hu lm tn thng lng t i ca ti)
Hurt (v): au n v th xc
This wound hurts my arm.
(V thng ny lm au tay ca ti)
d. Sore /s / (n, adj, adv): ni au v th xc, tinh thn
- Have a sore+ a bodys part: au v 1 phn c th
I have a sore throat.
(Ti au hng)
It pains me to recall my schooldays.
(Nhc li nhng ngy i hc lm ti au lng)
8. Acknowledge- Admit - Confess (v): tha nhn
a. Acknowledge /knld/
- To acknowledge sb as st: cng nhn , tha nhn ai nh l
Huy was acknowledged as the best player in the team.
(Huy c cng nhn l cu th xut sc nht trong i)
- To acknowledge st: tha nhn iu g (1 cch min cng)
Nguyen Duc acknowledged it to be true.
(Nguyn c tha nhn iu l ng)
ABCD
L Th Hng
b. Admit /dmt/
- To admit sb /st into /to st: nhn vo, cho vo
The school admits sixty new boys and girls every year.
(Hng nm trng nhn 60 nam n hc sinh mi)
- To admit to st / doing st: tha nhn, th nhn (1 cch min cng)
Nhi would never admit to being wrong.
(Nhi s khng bao gi nhn l mnh sai c)
- To admit of st: tha nhn kh nng ca ci g; nhng ch cho ci g
The plan does not admit of improvement.
(Bn k hoch khng th ci tin c)
- To be admitted to sb's presence: c php vo gp ai (nhn vt quan
trng) ang c mt
I am admitted to Obama Presidents president.
(Ti c php vo gp tng thng Obama)
c. Confess /knfs/
- To confess to st, to confess st to sb: th nhn (ti li v cm thy hi hn)
She finally confessed to having stolen the money.
(Cui cng c ta th nhn n cp tin)
9. After- Afterwards- Later: sau
a. After /ft/ (conj, pre, adv) c th ng u/ gia cu ni v 2 s vic
khc nhau trong 1 cu. N c dng vi s vic u tin.
- After (conj) + mnh
After she went to university, she travelled round the world.
(Sau khi vo i hc, c y i d lch ton th gii)
- After (pre)+ danh t/ i t/ danh ng t.
Let's go to a restaurant after the film.
ABCD
L Th Hng
(Chng ta hy i nh hng sau khi ht phim)
- After (adv): cm shortly after, not long after
I not long after found his house.
( Chng bao lu sau ti tm thy nh anh ta)
b. Afterwards /ftwdz/ (adv) c th ng gia/ cui cu
They bathed and afterwards played games/played games afterwards.
(H tm ri v sau chi tr chi)
Don't have a meal and bathe immediately afterwards.
(ng n ri tm ngay sau )
- Afterwards c th ng u/ cui mnh v c th c b ngha bi soon
(sm), immediately (ngay tc khc), not long (khng bao lu)
Soon afterwards we got a letter.
(Ngay sau chng ti nhn c mt l th)
We got a letter not long afterwards.
(Chng ti nhn c mt l th sau khng lu)
c. Later /let / (adv) theo sau nhm t ch thi gian, khong thi gian sua khi
vic g xy ra.
We didnt get in touch with each other four years later.
(Chng ti khng lien lc vi nhau 4 nm sau )
10. Altogether- All together
a. Altogether /lt / (adv) : hon ton, ton b, tng cng; dng nhn
mnh vic g chm dt hon ton.
The room was so noisy and the silence stopped altogether.
(Cn phng rt n o v s im lng chm dt hon ton)
- Altogether dng nhn mnh tnh cht ca ngi/ s vt
Their character are altogether different.
ABCD
L Th Hng
(Tnh cch ca h hon ton khc nhau)
- Altogether dng tng kt vic ang bn lun v i
n nh gi cui cng.
Altogether, there must have been thousands of people on the square.
(Tng cng phi c n hng nghn ngi qung trng)
- Altogether ni v mt con s tng cng, bao gm tt c.
She owes me $400 altogether.
(C y n ti c thy 400 -la)
b. All together /l t /(adv): dng ni v 1 nhm ngi/ vt cng chung
nhau v cng nhau lm 1 vic g.
Put the dishes all together in the sink.
(Hy tt c cc da vo trong bn ra chn bt)
- All together c th vit lin k nhau, hay c th dng tch ri.
They all went to the movie together.
(Tt c bn h cng nhau i xem ht)
11. Any- Some: 1 t, 1 vi
a. Any /ni/
- Any: c dng trong cu ph nh (tc l cu c not, hoc c trng t
mang ngha ph nh) v cu nghi vn (cu hi).
I don't like hearing any curses at all.
( Ti khng thch nghe chi th t no c)
He hardly does anything without my help.
( N hu nh chng lm c g nu khng c s gip ca ti)
- Any dng trong cu khng nh c ngha l: bt c. Trong trng hp
ny, danh t m c theo sau any c th s t/ s nhiu tu theo ngha
c din t trong cu.
ABCD
L Th Hng
Any serious learners of English are worth being helped.
( Bt c nhng hc vin no hc ting Anh nghim tc
cng xng ng c gip )
b. Some /sm/ /s()m/
- Some: c dng trong cu khng nh, cu ngh v li mi lch s.
Mr. Thuan drinks some beer everyday.
(Ngy no ng Thun cng ung mt t bia)
Would you like to drink some tea?
(Bn ung mt t tr nh?) - y l cu ch li mi lch s.
im ging nhau:
Some/ Any (adj bt nh): ng trc N m c s nhiu.
There are some bananas on the table.

(C vi tri chui trn bn)
There aren't any bananas on the table.
( Khng c tri chui no trn bn)
- Some/ Any : ng trc N khng m c s t.
Huong needs some time to relax.
(Hng cn 1 t thi gian th gin)
He doesn't want to drink any alcohol.
(Anh y khng mun ung t ru t no c)
- Khi some/ any l i t bt nh: ta t some/ any ng trc of,
v tip theo sau l danh t hay i t tc t. Khi n ng v tr ch t, th
ta cn c vo hnh thc ca danh t/ i t tc t ng sau of v ngha ca
ch t chia ng t chnh sao cho ph hp.
Some of students in this University are very good at English.
ABCD
L Th Hng
(Mt s sinh vin trong trng i hc ny rt gii mn
ting
Anh)
Any of them is also very friendly.

( Bt k ai trong s h cng rt thn thin)
12. A few- Few- A little- Little: mt t, mt vi
a. A few- Few
- A few / fju/: ( 1 vi) t trc N m c s nhiu din t ngha
tch cc (ch s lng nhiu hn hoc bng).
I have a few close friends.
(Ti c mt vi bn thn) - Tc l c t nht l mt vi ngi nhng cng c th cn
c nhiu hn th na.
- Few (t) t trc N m c s nhiu din t ngha tiu cc (ch
s lng t hn hoc bng).
I have few close friends.
( Ti c t bn thn) -Tc l ch c mt vi ngi m thi.
b. A little- Little
- A little / lt()l/ : mt t (ngha tch cc)
- Little : t (ngha tiu cc)
- A little- Little dng ging nh phn A few- Few , nhng A littleLittle lun lun ng trc N khng m c s t.
I have a little money.
( Ti c mt t tin) -Tc l c cht nh tin; s tin ti c trn thc t c th nhiu
hn. y l cch ni gim, ni khim tn.
I have little money.
( Ti c t tin) - Tc l c rt t tin; s tin ti c khng ng k, chng chi
tiu.
ABCD
L Th Hng
13. Anyway- Any way- By the way
a. Anyway /nwe/ ~ Anyhow /nha/: d sao, d th
no i na, t nht.
- Dng Anyway hm b sung thm mt im cn lu cho nhng g va
cp trc .
There was nowhere else to go, and anyway I knew I had to talk to him.
( Khng c ni no khc i c v ti bit d g i na, ti phi ni chuyn vi anh
ta)
- Anyway(d sao i na, d th no i na) c dng nh 1 cch thay i
ti / gii thiu 1 thng tin mi, nhng thng thng nhng thng tin c
ni n sau Anyway khng quan trng lm, c th khng cn quan tm n
n.
b. Any way /n we/: thng dng trong cm t 'in any way', c ngha l hm
bng bt c phng cch no.
We should help her in any way.
( Chng ti nn gip c y bng bt c gi no)
c. By the way /b we/: (tin th, nhn tin) gii thiu 1 vn , 1 ci g
bn va mi ngh ra trong lc m thoi.
Im going to catch the bus home tonight, oh, by the way, do you know that theyve
changed the route?
(Ti nay ti s n xe but v nh, , nhn tin, bn c bit h i l trnh i hay
cha?)
14. Another- Others- The other- The others
a. Another /n / 1...no
- S t, dng khi ni n mt i tng no khng xc nh.
This book is boring. Give me another.
ABCD
L Th Hng
( Quyn sch ny chn qu a ti quyn khc xem) =>
quyn no cng c, khng xc nh.
b. Others /s/ : nhng .... khc
- S nhiu, dng khi ni n nhng i tng no khng xc nh.
These books are boring. Give me others.
( Nhng quyn sch ny chn qu, a ti nhng quyn khc xem) => nhng quyn
no cng c, khng xc nh.
c. The other / s/ : ...cn li
- Xc nh, s t
I have two brothers. One is a doctor ; the other is a teacher.
(Ti c 2 ngi anh. Mt ngi l bc s, ngi cn li l gio vin)
d. The others : nhng ...cn li
- Xc nh, s nhiu
I have 4 brothers. One is a doctor ; the others are teachers.
( Ti c 4 ngi anh. Mt ngi l bc s nhng ngi cn li l gio vin)
e. The others = The other + N s nhiu
There are 5 books on the table. I don't like this book. I like the others. (= I like the
other books )
( C 5 quyn sch trn bn. Ti khng thch quyn sch ny. Ti thch nhng quyn
khc)
CH :
- Khi ch c 2 i tng th i tng u tin dng ONE i tng th 2 dng

THE OTHER.
I have 2 brothers. One is a doctor, and the other is a teacher.
( Ti c 2 ngi anh. Mt ngi l bc s, ngi kia l gio vin)
ABCD
L Th Hng
- Nguyn l cn nh : s dng tt cc ch ny cn
xem xt cc yu t sau:C phi l (nhng) ci cui cng
trong tp hp khng? ( quyt nh dng the hay khng) S t hay s
nhiu? ( quyt nh dng another/ other ) Pha sau c danh t hay khng
? ( phng khi N s nhiu th dng other ch khng dng others)
15. Ashamed Embarrassed (adj): cm thy ngng
a. Ashamed /emd /: cm thy h thn/ rt xu h v hnh ng ca mnh.
I am ashamed to tell you that I was arrested by the police for drink-driving.
(Mnh tht xu h khi ni vi bn rng mnh b cnh st ui v ti li xe trong lc
say ru)
b. Embarrassed /mbarst/ : cm thy ngng, bi ri v hnh ng mnh
lm hoc ngi khc lm.
I felt embarrassed when I fell over in the street. Lots of people saw me fall. My face
turned red.
(Mnh cm thy ngng khi ng xung ng. Rt nhiu ngi nhn mnh. Mt mnh
c ln)
S khc bit:
- Tnh t ashamed c tnh cht mnh hn, thng dng trong nhng tnh hung
nghim trng.
16. Audience- Spectator- Viewer (N): khn gi
a. Audience /dns/: khn gi (bn trong hi trng) xem hoc nghe ci g
(1 v kch, bui biu din, ai ni, v.v)
At the end of the talk, members of the audience were invited to ask questions.
(Vo cui ca bui ni chuyn, khn gi c mi t cu hi.)
b. Spectator /spktet/: khn gi (ngi ngoi tri) theo di mt s kin th thao
nh 1 trn u bng.
ABCD
L Th Hng
The new stadium can hold up to 60,000 spectators.
(Sn vn ng mi c th cha n 60.000 khn gi.)
c. Viewer /vju/: khn gi, ngi xem truyn hnh
The programme attracted millions of viewers.
(Chng trnh thu ht hng triu ngi xem.)
TM LI:
Mun ni khn gi xem/nghe 1 v kch, bui biu din, bi din thuyt, v.v
th dng AUDIENCE, khn gi theo di 1 s kin thao dng SPECTATOR,
khn gi truyn hnh dng VIEWER.
17. Alike- As- Like
a. Alike /lk/(adj- adv)
- Alike (adj) ~ Very similar~ As same as: ging nhau. Khng c same like.
My sister and I do not look alike.
(Ch ti v ti trng khng ging nhau)
- Alike (adv)
+ Alike~ In a very similar way: phng cch ging nhau
They tried to treat all their children alike.
(H c gng i x vi cc con ca h ging nhau) - hm ngha l ko phn bit
i x y.
+ Alike~ Both (c 2)~ Equally (bng nhau)
Good management benefits employers and employees alike.
(S qun l tt gy li ch cho c ch ln nhn vin)
CH :
- Alike khng ng trc N. Trong trng hp ny ta dng "similar" thay

th.
ABCD
L Th Hng
They wore alike hats => FALSE
They wore similar hats=> TRUE
b. As / az/ + N: ni ci g l tht hoc l nh vy (nht l khi ni v ngh
nghip ca ai / ta dng ci nh th no)
A few years ago I worked as a bus driver.
(Vi nm trc ti tng l ngi li xe khch)
During the war this hotel was used as a hospital.
(Trong sut thi gian chin tranh, khch sn ny c dng lm bnh vin)
As your lawyer, I wouldn't advise it.
(Vi t cch l lut s, ti khng khuyn iu )
c. Like /lk/
- Like (pre): ging, lun phi theo sau l 1 N (a princess,a palace...) / 1 pron.
(me,this) / st.V-ing (walking).
His eyes is like his father.
( Mt ca anh y trng ging ca b anh y)
It's like walking on ice.
( Trng ging nh ang i b trn bng)
- Like: dng khi a ra v d nh "such as", "like/such as +N ".
Junk food such as/like fizzy drinks and hamburgers have invaded the whole world.
( n vt nh thc ung c ga v bnh m kp tht c mt trn ton b th gii)
18. Arrive in- Arrive at: n
a. Arrive in /rv n/: dng cho ni ln (thnh ph, nc...)
They arrived in Ha Noi at night => TRUE
ABCD
L Th Hng
They arrived at Ha Noi at night => FALSE
(H ti H Ni vo bui ti)
b. Arrive at /rv at/: dng cho ni nh (lng x, sn bay...)
They arrived at the airport at 10.00 => TRUE
They arrived in the airport at 10.00 => FALSE
(H ti sn bay lc 10 gi)
19. As a result- As a result of: kt qu
a. As a result /az rzlt/ + mnh ~ therefore
Bill had not been working very hard during the course. As a result/ Therefore, he
failed the exams.
( Bill khng lm vic chm ch trong sut kha hc. V th, anh y trt k thi)
b. As a result of /az rzlt v/ + cm danh t ~ because of
The
accident
happened
as
result
of/
because
of
the
fog.
( Tai nn xy ra nh kt qu ca sng m)
B
1. Bag- Baggage- Luggage: ti, va li
a. Bag /ba/: ti xch nh, va li c nhn
Let me help you carry the heavy bag to upstairs.
( ti gip bn mang chic ti xch nng ny ln gc)
b. Baggage v Luggage:
- Baggage /bad/ : ti, va li c cha , c mang theo trong 1 cuc hnh
trnh v c ng bo him.
- Luggage /ld/ : ti, va li khng cha
He opened the luggage and put his clothes in.
ABCD
L Th Hng
( Anh ta m va li v xp qun o vo )
Ch : Baggage+ luggage u khng c hnh thc s
nhiu. Khng th ni a lot of luggages/ baggages
Ive brought a lot of baggage/luggage and I cant manage on my own. I need a porter.
(Ti mang theo rt nhiu hnh l, ti khng th vc 1 mnh c, ti cn 1 ngi
mang )
2. Baby- Infant- Child- Kid- Toddler: a tr, tr con
a. Baby /bebi/ ~ a very young child: tr con mi cho i, cha bit i/ ni.
- i t thay th cho baby l it ch cha phn bit gii tnh he, she.
Both mother and baby are doing well.
( C m v a b mi sinh u khe mnh)
b. Infant /nf()nt / ~ baby: a tr, thng ch dng trong vn cnh trang
trng hoc ni rng a tr hay quy.
The infant mortality rate has significantly reduced for several years.
( T l t vong tr em gim ng k trong nhiu nm qua)
c. Child /tld/ ~ kid /kd/ ~ a young human being: a b tui nh, c
bit l trc mi tui.
I learnt to ride a bicycle when I was a child/a kid.
(Ti bit i xe p khi ti cn l mt a tr)
- Child: con ci, s nhiu l children
She is living happily with her husband and two small children.
(C y ang sng hnh phc cng chng v hai a con)
d. Toddler /tdl/: a tr va mi bit i
Some of the children at the day-school are just toddlers.
(Mt s tr em trng ngoi tr ch l nhng a tr chp chng bit i)
3. Back- Backwards- Backward: lui li
ABCD
L Th Hng
a. Back /bak / (adv)~ returned /rtnd/: quay tr li v
tr, giai on, tnh trng nh ban u.
I drove my children to school and then drove back home.
(Ti li xe a bn tr i hc ri li xe quay v nh)
- Back: hng v hoc ng sau, cch xa mt tin, trung tm.
Stand back to allow the procession to pass.
( ng li li cho m rc i qua)
b. Backwards /bakwdz / (adv): li ( >< Forwards: tin) hng ngc li trc
mt, hng v pha lng.
She looked backwards over her shoulder.
(C ta ngoi li ng sau)
im ging nhau:
- Back- Backwards u c th dng ch vic bn lui v v tr sau m khng
quay li.
Then they step back/ backwards, laughing with triumphant pleasure.
(Ri h bc li li, ci sung sng c thng)
c. Backward /bakwd/ (adj): li li
He left without so much as a backward glance.
(Anh ta b i thm ch khng c nhn ngoi li)
4. Before- In front of: trc
a. Before /bf/
- Before ch thi gian: khi din t 1 s vic din ra trc 1 thi im/ 1 s
kin.
She must go to the bank before 10 o'clock.
(C y phi n ngn hng trc 10 gi)
ABCD
L Th Hng
- Before dng khi ang cp n qu kh v mun
din t 1 s vic din ra trc .
Nu ta m t cc bin c din ra nm 1975 th ta ni nm 1974 l "the year before"
(nm trc ).
- Khi m ch mt thi im trc n trc mt thi im cng loi, ta dng
"before last".
The thursday before last: th 5 cch y 2 tun
b. In front of /n frnt v/: dng khi ni ai / vt g t pha trc ngi/ vt
khc.
She stood in front of the mirror and said to herself: I dont look so awful.
(C ta ng trc gng v t nh Trng mnh khng n ni qu t.)
im ging nhau:
- Before ~ in front of: trc - ch v tr, ni chn
Huong stands before/in front of the statue.
(Huong ng trc ci tng)
- Before/in front of: ni v th t ca ngi hay vt ng trong hng, trong
danh sch, trong vn kin,...
His name comes before/in front of hers in the alphabet.
(Tn anh y ng trc tn c ta theo bng ch ci)
5. Between- Among- Amongst: gia
a. Between /btwin / (pre): gia 2 ngi/ 2 vt, thng theo sau l 02 danh t
Im standing between Thuy and Lan.
( Ti ng gia Thy v Lan)
- Danh t theo sau between c th dng s t, s nhiu, ko m c.
- iu quan trng l between xc nh 02 danh t ny mt cch ring bit thnh
02 ch th ri/ nhm s vt.
ABCD
L Th Hng
- Clause (S+ V) + between + noun(s)
He shared the money equally between Jake and Mary.
(Anh y chia u tin cho Jake v Mary.)
b. Among /m/- amongst /mst /(pre): gia >2 ngi/ vt khc, theo sao
among thng l cm t s nhiu.
Her house is among the trees.
(Nh c y nm gia rng cy.)
It gets very lonely, living among strangers.
(Sng gia nhng ngi khng quen bit th tht c n.)
- Clause (S+ V) + among + plural nouns
Her exam results put her among the top 10% of students in her group.
6. Beside- Besides
a. Beside /bsd/ (pre)~ next to: bn cnh, dng khi ni 1 vt nm cnh vt
khc.
I have a small table beside my bed.
(Ti c mt ci bn nh k bn ging ca mnh.)
- Beside: dng khi so snh ai, ci g vi 1 ngi/ vt khc.
Beside your earlier work, this piece seems rather disappointing.
(So vi cng trnh trc ca anh th tc phm ny d lm ngi ta tht vng)
b. Besides /bsdz/ (adv)~ in addition to~ apart from~ as well as: ngoi ra, v
li.
What did you do on your vacation besides sleep?
(Cu lm nhng g trong k ngh ngoi ng?)
- I didn't eat anything at the restaurant because I wasn't hungry - and besides, I don't
like Italian food.
ABCD
L Th Hng
(Ti khng n g ti nh hng c bi v ti khng i V
li, ti cng khng thch n lm)
7. Begin- Start- Commence: bt u
a. Begin /bn/ (v)
- Begin thng mang n cm gic t t hn, chm ri hn v ni v mt qu
trnh.
- Begin+ V-ing/ to V
She begins to cry when Jack makes Rose promise she will survive.
(C y bt u khc khi Jack bt Rose ha s phi sng st) - C y t t bt u
khc ch khng khc a ln lun.
- Begin: dng khi ni v mt ngi mi hon ton trong mt lnh vc no .
English for beginners.
(Ting Anh cho ngi mi hc).
- Begin dng vi Talk, Begin to talk mi c ngha l bt u ni.
My baby started to talk 2 weeks ago and her first word was mama.
(Con ti mi bit ni 2 tun trc v t u tin m n ni l gi m)
He began to talk 30 minutes ago and never stopped.
(Anh ta bt u ni t 30 pht trc v cha h dng li)
b. Start /stt/ (v, n)
- Start thng mang n mt cm gic nhanh, mnh v bt ng, nh l mt
hnh ng xy ra vo mt thi im.
- Start+ V-ing/ to V
You should start doing it now or youll be late!
(Bn nn bt u lm vic lun i khng c l mun ) - nghe nh c s gic
gi, s cp bch.
- Start: Dng vi my mc
ABCD
L Th Hng
Press the button and the engine will start.
(Bm ci nt v my s khi ng)
- Start: Dng vi ngha l khi hnh mt chuyn i
Lets start early before the traffic gets worse.
(Hy khi hnh sm trc khi giao thng tr nn t hn).
- Starter: Dng khi ni v 1 ngi m mn, bt u 1 s kin no hay b
phn khi ng, mn khai v
Khi bt u t mt im xc nh no
This collection is very expensive with prices start from 5000.
(B su tp ny rt t vi gi bn bt u t 5000 bng Anh tr ln)
- Start to talk: s dng i vi nhng em b t u bit ni
c. Commence /kmns/ (v) c dng trong ting anh trang trng, khng dng
trong m thoi.
- Commence+ V-ing
The space- probe commenced taking a series of photographs.
(Phi thuyn thm d bt u chp 1 lot hnh)
8. Bring- Take (v): mang, a
a. Bring /br/ : mang 1 vt, ngi t 1 khong cch xa n gn ngi ni hn.
Please, bring me the pen!
(Lm n mang cho ti cy bt)
b. Take /tek/: mang 1 vt, ngi t v tr gn ngi ni ra xa pha ngi ni.
She takes her children to school by car every day.
(Hng ngy c y a con n trng bng t)
- Take i vi course/ exams, v.v...
Do you have to take an exam? Yes, at the end of the course.
(Bn thi cha? Vng, vo cui kha hc)
ABCD
L Th Hng
- Take i vi bus/car, v.v...
How do you get to work? I take the bus.
(Bn i lm bng cch no? Ti bt xe but)
S khc bit
Take this package to the post office. => TRUE
Bring this package to the post office. => FALSE
(em gi hng ny n bu in nh!)
I am still waiting for you. Dont forget to take my book. => FALSE
I am still waiting for you. Dont forget to bring my book. => TRUE
(Mnh vn ang i cu y. ng qun mang sch n cho mnh nh!)
9. Breath- Breathe
a. Breath/ br/ (n): hi th
His breath smelled of garlic.
(Hi th ca anh y c mi ti)
b. Breathe /bri/ (v): th, ht th
It was dificult for him to breathe.
(Anh y th rt kh khn)
- Breathe ones last: trt hi th cui cng
He breathed his last when he was 85 years old.
(ng c trt hi th cui cng khi c trn 85 tui)
10. Borrow- Lend/ Loan
a. Borrow /br/ (v): Mn ci g t 1 ngi no khi c s cho php ng
hong v vi nh s tr li n.
Can I borrow the bicycle?
(Ch c th mn chic xe p khng?)
- Borrow thng c s dng vi FROM:
ABCD
L Th Hng
Daniel borrowed a pencil from Maria.
(Daniel mn cy bt ch t Maria)
b. Lend /lnd/ ~ loan /ln/ >< borrow (mn) (v): Cho mn, a cho ai ci
g, cho ai mn ci g vi mt s tha thun l ngi s tr li n.
Lent l th qu kh ca Lend ngha l cho mn. Sau ng t ny thng
c 2 tn ng.
Yes, I'll lend/loan you the bicycle.
(c, ti s cho bn mn chic xe p)
- Lend thng c s dng vi TO:
Maria lent her pencil to Daniel.
(Maria cho Daniel mn cy bt ch ca c y)
- Khi cung cp tin trong 1 thi hn ly li, ngi ta cng s dng lend.
- Loan (n): tin cho vay
I will have to go to the bank and get a loan so I can buy a car.
(Ti s phi i ti ngn hng v xin mt khon vay ti c th mua mt chic t)
11. Be going to- Will: s
a. Be going to /bi t/
- Be going to: c dng khi chng ta quyt nh/ d nh s lm mt vic
g ( nh c d nh, sp xp t trc)
I'm going out. I'm going to post this letter.
( Ti i ra ngoi. Ti s gi l th ny)
- Be going to: c dng khi chng ta a ra li d on da vo tnh hung
hin
ti
There isn't a cloud in the sky. It's going to be a lovely day.

( Khng c 1 ngn gi no trn bu tri. Hm nay s l 1 ngy p tri)
- Be going to: k hoch trong tng lai nhng chc chn s thc hin.
ABCD
L Th Hng
I bought the ticket, and nextweek, I am going to meet my
grandparents in Paris.
( Ti mua v v tun ti ti s thm ng b ca ti Pari) => mua v ri nn
s chc chn thm ng b.
- Chc chn xy ra, ni r hn l Will
- 1 s vic c chun b trc
b. Will /wl/
- Will: c dng khi chng ta quyt nh s lm mt vic g ngay lc ang
ni ( nh khng c d nh trc)
There's a supermarket over there. I'll buy food at it.
( C 1 siu th ng kia. Ti s mua t thc n )
- Will: c dng khi chng ta a ra li d on da vo quan im/ kinh
nghim
One day people will travel to Mars.
( 1 ngy no con ngi s ln sao Ha)
- Will: ni ln k hoch trong tng lai nhng khng chc chn s thc hin
I will meet my grandparents nextweek.
( Ti s gp ng b ca ti tun ti) =>C th trong tun sau do 1 l do no nn
s khng gp ng b c.
- C th s xy ra nhng khng chc.
- Din t 1 li ha t xut ,khng c chun b trc.
im ging nhau:
- Will v be going to u c dng din t hnh ng hoc quyt nh trong
tng lai.
- Will v be going to u c dng d on tng lai.
12. Because of- Because- As- Since- Now that- For: bi v
ABCD
L Th Hng
a. Because of /bkz v/ (Pre)
- Because of c s dng khi nguyn nhn a ra
c din t di hnh thc 1 N hoc i t.
They are here because of us.
(H y l v chng ti)
He walked slowly because of his bad leg.
(ng y i chm v ci chn au)
b. Because- As- Since- Now that- For (conj- lin t)
- Because: c s dng khi m nguyn nhn c nu ra l phn quan trng
nht ca cu ni hoc vit. Mnh c cha because thng ng cui cu.
I went to Spain last summer because I wanted the guarantee of sunshine on every
day of my holiday.
(Ti i Ty Ban Nha vo ma h va ri v ti mun m bo rng mi ngy
trong k ngh ca ti phi trn ngp nh nng)
- As v Since: c s dng khi nguyn nhn c nu ra c mi ngi
bit ri v v th thng l km quan trng hn so vi cc phn khc ca cu
ni hoc vit. Mnh c cha As/ Since thng ng u cu:
As the performance had already started, we went up to the balcony and occupied
some empty seats there.
(V bui biu din bt u ri, chng ti ln ban cng v ngi vo my gh cn
trng).
We thought that, since we were in the area, we'd stop and see them.
(Chng ti ngh l, v n ri, chng ti nn gh thm h)
- Now that: c dng khi nguyn nhn c nu ra ang din ra hoc va
mi din ra.
Now that the kids have left home, we've got a lot of extra space.
ABCD
L Th Hng
(By gi bn tr khng sng cng na, chng ti thy rt
rng
ri).
- For: c dng khi nguyn nhn c nu ra ch l thm vo cu ni, khng

c ch ch t ban u. For khng bao gi c t u cu v thng c
dng trong vn vit hn l vn ni.
I decided to stop the work I was doing for it was very late and I wanted to go to
bed.
(Ti quyt nh khng lm cng vic m ti ang lm na v cng vic qu
mun m ti th mun i ng)
13. Believe- Trust (v): tin tng
a. Believe /bliv/:
- c s dng vi nhng hnh ng, li ni, s vic c th hn trust, khng
mang tnh cht hon ton, khng mang tnh cht tuyt i.
- S tin tng ny c hnh thnh da vo 1 l do, 1 phn on no hay
da vo nhng nhn nhn, nh gi ca bn hay ca 1 ai ch khng da vo
mi quan h gn gi lu di vi ch th c cp.
- S tin tng ny mang tnh cht nht thi hn, ch gn vi mt hnh ng,
li ni hay s vic nht nh no .
John: I left my wallet at home. Could you lend me some money? I promise Ill return
it tomorrow!
Annie: No need to promise. I believe that you will because I trust in you!
->
believe
that
youll
do
because
trust
in
you.
Believe y l tin rng hnh ng return the money s c thc hin da trn
l do l do Annie tin tng vo con ngi John.
L do Annie tin tng vo con ngi John ( trust) l da vo mi quan h gn gi,
thn thit ca John v Annie. Chnh v tin tng vo con ngi John ( trust) m
ABCD
L Th Hng
Annie cng tin vo s ng x, vo hnh ng ca John,
trong c hnh ng l will return the money.
b. Trust /trst/ :
- c s dng vi nim tin tuyt i. Khi bn Trust someone c ngha l bn
tin tng vo mt ngi no v t s tin vo nhng li ni v hnh ng
ca ngi .
- N cng c ngha l bn ngh rng ngi ng tin cy, c th gi gm c
( reliable)
- S tin tng ny thng da vo mi quan h gn gi, lu di vi ch th
c cp.
- Trust mang tnh cht lu di, l mt nim tin tn ti theo thi gian.
You are my sole trust.
(Anh l nim hy vng duy nht ca em)
S khc bit:
- Trust mang ngha nhn mnh hn Believe. Mc tin ca Trust ln hn
ca Believe.
C
1. Clever- Smart- Intelligent (adj): thng minh
a. Clever /klv/ : lanh li, khn ngoan
As a child, she was a clever girl.
(Ngay t b, n l mt c b lanh li).
She is clever to get what she wants.
(C y t c nhng g mnh mun mt cch khn ngoan).
- Clever~ skillful: lnh ngh, kho lo.
ABCD
L Th Hng
Thuan is clever with his hands.
(Thuan rt kho tay).
The factory needs clever workers.
(Nh my cn nhng cng nhn lnh ngh).
b. Smart /smt / : thng minh, ch s nm bt nhanh nhy tnh hnh/ din bin
ang xy ra.
That was a smart decision.
( l mt quyt nh sng sut).
- Smart: ch din mo bn ngoi, thng l ch cch n mc ca mt ngi:
sng sa, gn gng hay thi trang.
You look very smart in that suit.
(Cu mc b vest trng bnh lm!)
- Smart c dng vi ngha thng minh vi v kh c kh nng t nh v mc
tiu/ c iu khin bng my tnh: smart weapon, smart bomb.
c. Intelligent /ntld()nt/ ~ brainy /breni/: ch ngi c tr tu, t duy nhanh
nhy, c suy ngh l-gc/ ch nhng s vt, s vic xut sc, l kt qu ca qu
trnh suy ngh.
Her answer showed her to be an intelligent girl.
(Cu tr li ca c y cho thy c y l mt c gi thng minh).
What an intelligent question!
( l mt cu hi thng minh y!)
2. Cancel- Defer- Delay- Postpone (v): hon, tr hon
C 3 ng t delay, defer v postpone u m ch n hnh ng gi 1 vic g ng
cho xy ra cho n 1 thi im no trong tng lai.
a. Cancel /kans()l/: hy b, 1 s vic l quyt nh mt cch chnh thc rng,
s vic s khng xy ra.
ABCD
L Th Hng
- The match was cancelled yesterday because of poor
weather.
Hm qua, trn u b hy b v thi tit xu.
b. Defer /df /: tr hon, lm chm li. ng t ny din t nh c ch tm,
mun cho s vic chm li.
The decision has been deferred by the board until next week.
(Hi ng qun tr tr hon quyt nh cho n tun ti)
c. Delay /dle/: chm tr, l m, tr hon. Vi ngha l m, k c, chn ch,
delay m ch n kiu cch hnh ng.
She delayed until it was too late.
(C ta chn ch cho n khi s vic qu tr)
- Khi din t hnh ng tr hon, delay tng ng vi defer nhng nguyn
nhn l do khch quan nh trong cc trng hp delay cc chuyn bay, xe,
tu v l do thi tit hay trc trc k thut.
The flight was delayed until the weather improved.
(Chuyn bay b hon cho n khi thi tit tt hn)
d. Postpone /ps(t)pn/: hon li, nh hon, chm li, sp xp cho 1 vic
tin hnh vo thi gian sau.
- Postpone c bit dng vi nhng cng vic chnh thc, cc cuc hp quan
trng vn c lp k hoch trc, nh nh hon mt cuc bu c
(postpone an election), hon li mt cuc hp (postpone a meeting) ..
They had a very important meeting which they could not postpone.
(H c mt cuc hp rt quan trng khng th tr hon c)
3. Cost- Costs- Charge- Price- Expense (n): gi c, chi ph
ABCD
L Th Hng
a. Cost /kst/: gi, chi ph. Cost thng m ch n ph
tn khi tin hnh cng vic, tnh ton chi ph nhng ti
chnh.
The cost of building a new house was estimated at $170,000.
(Chi ph cho vic xy ct mt cn nh mi c tnh vo khong 170,000 la).
b. Costs /ksts/: s tin phi chi tiu y n duy tr hot ng, gm chi ph
in m, sa cha v thu.
Employers were free to cut costs and boost profits by forcing down wages.
( Gii ch t do ct gim chi ph v tng thm li nhun bng cch gim lng)
c. Charge /td/: s tin bn c yu cu phi tr dng ci g hoc
c s dng 1 dch v.
There is no charge for parking here.
(Khng phi tr ph u xe y)
d. Price /prs /: gi, tc s tin mua hay bn vt g. Price c dng ch yu
vi cc vt c th, n nht, c th mua hoc bn.
What is the price of this bicycle ?
(Gi chic xe p ny l bao nhiu ? )
e. Expense /kspns/: chi tiu, ph tn. Expense thng ng n chi ph cng
vi ph tn ph tri do hnh ng chi tiu pht sinh ra.
The expense of a journey was more than the contemplated cost.
(Ph tn cho mt chuyn i ln hn chi ph d kin)
Price, cost v charge (v)
The tickets were priced at $25.
(V c nim yt vi gi 25 )
Our trip didn't cost very much.
(Chuyn i ca ti ti khng tn nhiu)
ABCD
L Th Hng
How much do they charge for a pizza?
(H phi tr bao nhiu mua pizza n?)
4. Couple v pair (n, v): cp, i
a. Couple/kp()l/ (n): mt i, mt cp, n c th c dng din t 2 vt
lng lo.
- A couple of+ N s nhiu: thng dng vi ngi khi cp n 2 ngi khc
gii cng i, cng lm vic hay sinh hot vi nhau, ta dng ng t hnh thc
s nhiu.
There were a couple of tables littered with waste papers.
(C hai ci bn x y giy vn)
- A couple of+ N s nhiu: mt vi, mt s t ngi hay vt.
He walks a couple of miles every morning.
(ng ta i b vi dm vo bui sng).
- Couple (v): buc, ni, gn ai, ci g vi ngi, vt khc.
The dining- car was coupled on to the last coach.
(Toa xe n c ni tip vo toa xe khch cui cng)
b. Pair /p/
- A pair of: ch 2 vt ging nhau v kch thc v hnh dng, tc cng mt loi
v i chung vi nhau. Khi dng theo cch ny th ng t c th hnh thc s
t hoc s nhiu u c.
Not a single pair of shoes was/were on display.
(C i giy cng khng c trng by).
- A pair of: ch 1 vt bao gm hai phn ging nhau v cng gn lin vi nhau.
Khi dng theo hnh thc ny th ng t lun hnh thc s t.
A good pair of grey trousers is essential if you want to go hiking in the mountains.
ABCD
L Th Hng
(Mt chic qun mu xm tt l cn thit nu nh bn
mun li ng di vng ni).
- A pair of: ch nhng vt gm 2 phn gn ni vi nhau nh knh, ci ko,
compa.. Sau ta dng ng t s t.
- 2 ngi cng lm chung mt cng vic hoc c quan h gn gi th ta c th
gi h l 1 cp.
The pair of you have argued about that for years.
(Hai cu tranh ci v vic hng bao nm nay)
- Pair (v): ghp i, kt i
Ive been paired with Hai in the next round of the competition.
(Ti c ghp i vi Hi trong vng thi u sau)
5. Custom v Habit: phong tc, thi quen
a. Custom/kstm/: tp qun, thng l thng lm.
- Custom (N): Cch c x theo thng l ca 1 c nhn hay 1 cng ng ngi
c chp nhn t lu i.
It is the custom in that country for women to marry young.
(Chnh do tc l t nc ny m ph n phi kt hn sm)
- Custom (N): dng khi ai thng xuyn lm vic g.
It is my custom to rise early.
(Ti c thi quen dy sm)
- Custom (N): Khch hng quen trong kinh doanh, mi hng, bn hng trong
kinh doanh.
Thank you for your custom. Please call again.
(Xin cm n s mua hng ca qu khch. Hy gi cho chng ti bt c khi no bn
cn)
ABCD
L Th Hng
- Custom (adj): dng ch loi hng ha lm theo
khch hng ch khng theo mu tiu chun.
They required a custom car.
(H mun c 1 chic t t)
- Customs ( dng s nhiu): hi quan, thu nhp khu
The customs have found heroin hidden in the freight.
(Hi quan tm ra heroin c giu trong l hng)
b. Habit /habt/: thi quen.
- Vic thng lm m khng phi suy ngh, c bit hn v nhng vic kh c
th ngng lm.
You need to change your eating habits.
Con cn phi thay i thi quen n ung ca mnh i.
- Nhng c x thng l, thng thng.
I only do it out of habit.
- Mnh ch lm nhng cng vic ny theo thi quen ca mnh thi.
1 nhu cu mnh v th g gy nghin nh ma ty, cht c cn, hoc thuc
l.
She's tried to give up smoking but just can't kick the habit.
=> C ta c gng t b ht thuc, nhng vn khng th cai c n.
- Be in the habit of doing st. ; fall/ get into the habit of doing st. : ai c thi
quen lm g
My father falls into the habit of getting up early.
( Ba ti c thi quen dy sm)
6. Cure, Heal, Treat v Recover: cha, bnh phc
a. Cure /kj/ , /kj/ (ngoi ng t- cn tn ng)
ABCD
L Th Hng
- Cure sb, cure sb of + tn 1 loi bnh; cure+ tn 1 loi
bnh: cha cho ai ; cha 1 loi bnh.
The doctor cured his injury.
(Bc s cha vt thng ca anh y)
- Cure (N): cch cha bnh
Nobody would deny the value of the work being done to find a cure for cancer.
( Khng ai c th ph nhn gi tr ca cng vic ang tin hnh nhm tm ra loi
thuc chwuax ung th)
b. Heal /hil / (ni ng t- khng c tn ng): cha bnh
It took a long time for the wounds to heal.
(Mt mt khong thi gian di vt thng lnh li.)
- Heal sb of + tn 1 loi bnh (ngoi ng t): cha bnh
That holy man healed the villagers of their sickness.
(V thnh nhn cha khi bnh cho dn lng.)
- Heal (v) : lm cho iu g d dng hn chu ng
Time heals all sorrows.
(Thi gian hn gn mi vt thng)
c. Treat /trit/ (ngoi ng t - cn tn ng): cha bnh
- Treat sb, treat+ tn 1 loi bnh
Nam must treat rheumatism.
( Nam phi cha bnh thp khp)
- Treat sb for+ tn 1 loi bnh
The doctors treat him for nervous depression.
(Bc s iu tr bnh suy nhc thn kinh cho anh y)
- Treat sb for+ tn 1 loi bnh+ with st
Doctors treated her with aspirin.
ABCD
L Th Hng
(Bc s iu tr bnh cho c y bng thuc aspirin)
d. Recover /rkv / ( v): tr li trng thi bnh thng
sau khi m.
Hes now fully recovered from his stroke.
(By gi ng y bnh phc hn sau cn t qu)
- Make a recovery: bnh phc
He made a quick recovery, but the operation hadnt been as successful as hoped.
(ng ta hi phc nhanh chng, nhng vic phu thut khng c thnh cng nh
mong i)
S khc bit:
- Cure & treat : khc nhau v cu trc- treat sb for an illness > < cure sb of an
illness
- Cure : cha khi bnh
- Treat : tr bnh (cha bit khi bnh, bnh phc hay cha.)
He has been being treated for nervous depression for a rather long time but he hasn't
been cured yet.
(Anh ta tr bnh suy nhc thn kinh kh lu ri nhng vn cha cha khi.)
- Heal: va l ni ng t, va l ngoi ng t. Khi l ngoi ng t th khng
dng gii t. Heal c thm ngha bng m 2 t kia khng c.
(nu dng operate : i vi gii t on)
- Recover: ch trng thi bnh thng sau khi m
7. Cry, Weep, Sob, Wail v Whimper (v): khc
a. Cry /kr/ l t thng dng nht. Khi ta cry, nc mt tun tro v ta gp
iu bt hnh, v s hi hoc v au n.
Huong cried because she had hurt her back.
(Hng khc v c b au lng)
ABCD
L Th Hng
- Cry: la, ku la, ht ln ln.
She cried out angrily, Get out of my room.
(C y go ln mt cch gin d, Bc ngay ra khi phng ti.)
b. Weep /wip/: Khi ta weep, nc mt tun tro v ta gp iu bt hnh, v
s hi hoc v au n, kiu cch hn cry, thng ch dng trong nhng mu
chuyn. Weep l ng t bt qui tc (weep wept wept).
im ging nhau gia cry- weep: C 2 u c th din t hnh ng
khc v sung sng (to cry for joy to weep for joy).
The prisoners cry for joy /wept for joy on their release.
(Nhng t nhn khc v sung sng khi c phng thch)
c. Sob /sb/: khc nc n, thn thc nh khi tr con khc.
We could hear the child sobbing in the next room.
(Chng ta c th nghe a b nc n phng bn)
d. Wail/wel/: m ch hnh ng khc ko di trong au kh, than khc, k l
nh khi khc cho ci cht ca ngi thn, khc than cho s phn hm hiu ..
She wailed for her dead sister.
(C y khc than cho ci cht ca em gi)
e. Whimper /wmp/: rn r hoc khc thm, nht l c s s hi au n
He was whimpering in pain.
(Anh y ang rn r v au n)
8. Coast, beach, shore, sea v seaside (n): b bin, bi bin
a. Coast /kst / : vng t nm st bin
The ship was wrecked on the Pham Van Dong coast.
(Con tu m b bin Phm Vn ng)
b. Beach /bit/: bi bin, c bi ct, si...
Visitors are sunbathing on the beach.
ABCD
L Th Hng
(Khch du lch ang tm bi bin)
c. Shore //: b bin, b h/sng rng- ni bin/ h/
sng rng v t lin gp nhau. Tt c beach u l shore, nhng khng phi
shore no cng l beach.
They camped on the shore of Ba Be lake.
( H cm tri trn b h Ba B)
d. Sea /si /: vng bin
Caribbean sea is really beautiful.
(Vng bin Caribbean rt p)
e. Seaside /sisd/: khu vc b bin mi ngi ti ngh ngi
Ninh Van Bay is a famous seaside resort.
(Vnh Ninh Vn l ni ngh mt ni ting trn b bin)
9. Corporation- Partnership (n): tp on, cng ty
a. Corporation/kpre()n/ : tp on- tn gi ca 1 hip hi doanh nghip
do 1 hay nhiu ngi thnh lp, sau h bn c phn trong cng ty cho cc
nh u t.
Hoang Anh Gia Lai is one of the top Vietnams real estate corporation.
(Hong Anh Gia Lai l 1 trong nhng tp on bt ng sn hng u Vit Nam)
b. Partnership /ptnp/ : cng ty hp danh- loi hnh cng ty trong cc
thnh vin cng chia s li nhun v thua l ca cng ty. Partnership thng
l mt cng ty nh.
A partnership is often more advantageous than joint-stock companies because it
doesn't pay dividend tax.
(Cng ty hp danh thng c li th hn so vi cng ty c phn v n khng phi
ng thu c tc)
ABCD
L Th Hng
10. Common- General- Popular- Universal (adj):
chung, ph bin
a. Common /kmn/: c 2 ngha: ph bin; c chia s bi mi ngi, ci
thuc v 1 ngi cng nh nhng ngi khc.
They have a common interest.
(H c chung mt mi quan tm)
b. General /dn()r()l/: m ch n ton th, ton b 1 tng lp, 1 tp th.
A general meeting of the employees will be held this weekend.
(Mt cuc hp ton th nhn vin s c t chc vo cui tun ny).
c. Popular /ppjl/: ph bin, c nhiu ngi a chung, bnh dn.
- Khi ta ni "a popular candidate" (mt ng c vin bnh dn) tc m ch l
nhn vt c ng o qun chng a thch v bit n, ch khng phn bit
mt tng lp c bit no.
She is a popular music critic for the Times.
(C y l nh ph bnh nhc i chng cho bo thi i)
d. Universal /junvs()l/: tm thy khp mi ni, ph thng, ph qut.
War causes universal misery.
(Chin tranh gy ni thng kh khp mi ni, cho mi ngi).
11. Complement- compliment (N, v):
a. Complement /kmplm()nt/ (N): s hay vt g lm y , lm b sung.
White wine makes a perfect complement to fish.
( n mn c th phi ung ru vang trng mi ngon)
- Complement (v) lm y , lm b sung
Buy a scarf that complements your dress.
( Bn hy mua mt ci khn qung c lm tn thm v p ca chic o ca bn)
- Complementary /kmplmnt()ri/ (adj): b, b sung.
ABCD
L Th Hng
Diem and Khanh have complementary skillsshe is
creative while he is highly organized.
(Dim v Khnh c ti b sung cho nhauc y c c sng to cn anh y th c c
t chc)
b. Compliment /kmplm()nt/ (N): li khen.
Huong received many compliments because she made a memorable speech.
( Hng nhn c nhiu li khen v bi din vn ng nh)
- Complimentary (N) : ca tng; mi.
She was very complimentary about your work.
(B y c li khen ngi nng nhit v cng vic ca bn)
All the veterans received complimentary tickets to the parade.
( Cc cu chin binh nhn c v mi d ngy din binh)
Complement (b sung) v compliment (khen ngi) pht m ging nhau,
vit hi khc nhau; ngha hon ton khc nhau.
12. Come- Go (v) : di chuyn (i)
a. Come /km/: di chuyn n ni no
Please come to me => TRUE
Please go to me => FALSE
(n y vi ti)
- Here: ni ny, thng i vi Come.
Come here => TRUE
Go here=> FALSE
- Khi din t mt vic mang tnh cht trang trng ta dng "arrived here" thay
cho "came" (qu kh ca Come)
- Come: din t l mnh n c ni no ri.
Now we are coming to the station.
ABCD
L Th Hng
(Gi chng ti n nh ga ri)
b. Go // : i khi ni no
Please go away from me=> TRUE
Please come away from me=> FALSE
( Hy trnh xa ti ra)
- There: ch , thng i vi Go.
Please go there => TRUE
Please come there => FALSE
- Khi din t mt vic mang tnh cht trang trng ta dng "left" thay cho
"went" (qu kh ca Go)
- Go: dng khi bn mun ni mnh cng ai di chuyn n 1 ni khc.
Let's go to school!
(Cng n trng thi)
- Go: din t l mnh bt u/ ang trn ng n ni no .
Now we are going to the station.
(Gi chng ti bt u/ ang trn ng n nh ga)
im ging nhau: - Go- Come: ngh c i cng ai .
I'll come/go with you to the station.
( Ti s i vi bn n nh ga)
im khc nhau:
- Nu bn ang mt ni, v ngi kia ang ni khc (ang ni chuyn in

thoi chng hn) th phi dng Come.
ABCD
L Th Hng
I'll come across to your building => TRUE
I'll go across to your building => FALSE
- Nu bn ni n a im khc ni 2 ngi ang , th ta li dng Go.
Let's go to the fish restaurant for lunch => TRUE
Let's come to the fish restaurant for lunch => FALSE
13. Complete- Finish (v): hon thnh
a. Complete /kmplit/ : c dng khi ta mun din t ngha han thnh.
Your essay should be completed before the end of the school year.
( Bi lun vn ca anh phi han thnh trc khi ht nm hc)
They wanted the project to be completed on time.
( H mun d n han thnh ng thi hn)
- Complete the form/application: in y vo mt mu giy hay t n.
You have to complete this application.
( Bn phi in y vo t n ny)
b. Finish /fn/: c dng vi ngha lm xong, kt thc.
The play finished at 11:00
( V kch kt thc lc 11 gi)
He hasn't finished speaking.
( ng ta cha ni xong)
im ging nhau: Complete- Finish: tt nghip
Huong has finished/completed law school last year.
(Hng tt nghip trng Lut nm ngoi)
14. Clothe- A cloth- Clothes (N): vi, o qun
a. Clothe /kl/: cht lm t g, bng c dng may qun o, mn ca,
sn phm mm mi
His suit were made of the most expensive cloth.
ABCD
L Th Hng
(Nhng b qun o ca ng y c may bng vi t tin
nht)
b. A cloth /kl/ : ming vi dng lau chi, y c .
Could you pass me a cloth? Ive split some milk on the floor.
(Phin anh ch a gim ti ci gi lau. Ti lm sa ln sn nh ri)
c.
Clothes
/kl()z/:
nhng
th
mc
nh
vy,
qun
di.
- Clothes khng c dng s t, thay v ni a cloth, chng ta ni l something to

wear ( mc)/ an articale/a pieces of clothing (1 b qun o).
I must buy some new clothes; I havent got anything to wear.
(Ti phi mua thm t qun o mi, ti chng cn g mc c)
D
1. Despite v In spite of, Although v Even though: mc d
a. Despite /dspt/ v In spite of /n spt v/
- S khc nhau gia in spite of v despite l OF
- Despite/ Inspite of + Danh t
Despite/ Inspite of the rain, we went to the beach
(Mc d tri ma chng ti vn ra bin)
- Despite/Inspite of + Danh ng t
Despite/ Inspite of losing her wallet, Ti Gon was in a good mood.
(Mc d mt v nhng Ti Gn vn cm thy thoi mi)
- Despite/ Inspite of + the fact that + mnh
Despite/ Inspite of the fact that it was raining, we went to the beach.
b. Although /l / v Even though /iv()n /
ABCD
L Th Hng
- Although v Even though c cu trc ng php nh
nhau, nhng even though c ngha nhn mnh hn.
- Although/ Even though + mnh
Although/ Even though it was raining, we went to the beach.
Although/ Even though Ti Gon lost her wallet, she was in a good mood.
(Mc d mt v nhng Ti Gn vn cm thy thoi mi)
2. Delay v Postpone (v): tr hon
a. Delay /dle/ (v): tr hon, ch chm li, nhng s kin vn din ra.
The game was postponed because of heavy snow.
(Trn u b hon v c tuyt nhiu)
- Delay (N): s tr hon
Another delay will postpone the space mission for a year
(Mt ln hon na c th hon cuc s mnh khng gian thm mt nm na)
b. Postpone (v): hu b 1 s kin v thay chuyn vo 1 ngy khc.
The meeting was postponed until further notice.
(Bui hp hu v s hp khi c thng bo mi)
- Danh t l postponement.
im ging nhau:
Delay v postpone: nu c ng t theo sau th ng t th V-ing.
He delayed starting.
(Anh ta hon chuyn khi hnh) (s i tr hn).
He postponed leaving.
(Anh ta hon chuyn ri i) (s i vo hm khc).
3. Deny- Refuse- Reject- Decline (v): t chi
ABCD
L Th Hng
a. Deny /dn/ >< Admit /dmt/: chi ci hay ni ra
iu g khng ng theo s tht. V d nh khi
cng an buc ti ai hay hi ai iu g, ngi c th t chi tr li cu hi
hoc chi ci l h khng bao gi lm iu .
I tried to deny the accusation.
(Ti c gng ph nhn li buc ti)
- 'Deny' c ngha rt gn vi 'refuse'. V d nh trong trng hp bn 'deny'
vt g hoc iu g l bn 'refuse' (t chi) n.
I deny this answer to your question!
( Ti t chi tr li cu hi ca bn)
- i khi bn 'deny' 1 ai , l bn ni rng h khng dnh lu g vi bn c=>
khng thng dng lm.
- Deny: dng khi ai khng bit g v ci g, khng tha nhn iu .
He denied any knowledge of thei plans.
( Anh ta chi khng bit g v k hoch ca h)
b. Refuse /rfjuz/ (v, N) >< accept /kspt/ (v, N)
- Refuse (v): Nu bn t chi lm vic g l bn quyt nh khng lm n
hay bn nhn mnh rng bn s khng lm vic .
I refused to open the door.
(Ti t chi m ca)
- Refuse (v): t chi ci g m bn khng th nhn ly (accept) n.
I offered him a cold drink but he refused it.
( Ti ngh anh y 1 ly nc mt nhng anh y t chi n)
- Refuse /'refju:s/ (N) : tha
ABCD
L Th Hng
Refuse is regular household trash.
( tha l rc hng ngy ca cc h gia nh) (P/s: Ni chung l dch ting vit
hi kh ni nn mnh ch dch nh vy thi ^^)
Ch : trng m khi c 2 t 'refuse' ny: ReFUSE /rfjuz/ (v): t chi;
REfuse /'refju:s/ (N) : ph thi, tha.
c. Reject ~ Refuse >< Accept
- Reject /rdkt / (v): bc b, khng bng lng, hay chp nhn 1 li ngh,
yu cu.
I reject the idea of starting a war.
( Ti bc b tng bt u 1 cuc chin tranh)
- Reject (v) : quyt nh khng tin vo 1 tn ngng, 1 l thuyt no v
khng mun lm theo n.
Judge Hiep rejected the lawyer's request for more time to study the case.
(Thm phn Hip t chi yu cu ca lut s c thm thi gian nghin cu cc
trng hp)
- Reject / 'ri:dekt/ (N): ci g khng tt, khng thch nghi, thiu
phm cht hay mt ngi khng ti nng xin mt vic trong mt
mi trng no hoc nh np n xin vic, tr cp ... b bc b hay
t chi hoc b loi ra.
This shirt was very cheap because it was a reject.
( Ci o ny rt r bi v n l o b loi) (C th l do b h hay khng t
yu cu g g y ^^)
Ch : Trng m khi c 2 t 'reject' ny: ReJECT /rdkt / (v): t chi;

REject / 'ri:dekt/ (N): ph thi.
ABCD
L Th Hng
d. Decline /dkln/~ Refuse
- Decline (v) t chi iu g hay lm vic g 1 cch kh lch s
I declined his wedding proposal.
( Ti t chi li mi m ci ca anh y)
- Decline (N) : s i xung, xung dc nh kinh t ang suy sp, thoi ha .
What are the Causes of Economic Decline?
( Nhng nguyn nhn ca suy thoi kinh t l g?)
4.DifferentVarious(adj):khc,adng
a.Different/df()r()nt/:khnggingvmtbncht,hnhdng,cht
lng.
ThiscountryisdifferentfromanywhereelseinEurope.
(tncnykhcbtkninoChuu)
Different:dngkhicskhcbitrrt.
Thatisadifferentlanguage.
(l1ngnngkhcbit)
Differentfrom:dnghaygpnhttrongtingAnh
Thecarsdifferentfromanythingelseonthemarket.
(Chicxekhnggingbtkchicxenotrnthtrng)
Differenttocsdngtronggiaotipthnmt,khngnndngtrong
vnphongvitihistrangtrng.
Danhtcadifferent:difference.
b.Various/vrs/:phongph,nhiuchngloi,kiucch.
ABCD
L Th Hng
Various:dngkhiniv1chui,1 lots vt.
TherearevariouslanguagesthathaveevolvedfromLatin.
(CnhiungnngphttrinttingLatin)
Variouschdngvidanhtsnhiu.
Danhtcavarious:variety.
5.DayafterdayDaytodayDaybyday
a.Dayafterday/de de/:ngynyquangykhc,chmtviclmhng
ngycvbunchn.
Hewearsthesameclothesdayafterday.
(Anhtavnmcmtbquno,ngynyquangykhc)
Shehatesdoingthesameworkdayafterday.
(Btaghtlmmtcngvichtngynyquangykhc)
b.Daytoday/detde/~daily/deli/:hngngy
Studentshomeworkshouldbecheckedonadaytodaybasis.
(Nnkimsotbivcahcsinhhngngy)
Liveadaytodayexistence.
(Sngtrongtnhtrngcngynobitngy)
c.Daybyday/debde/:ttvun,tngngy.
Thepatientgotbetterdaybyday.
(Bnhnhnbnhphcdndn.)
ABCD
L Th Hng
6.DuringForWhile
a.During/djr/(Pre):trongsut(khongthigian)
During+danhtcdngcpmtsvicgxyramtthiim
xcnhnhngnkhngchochngtabitnxyrabaolu.
Nobodyspokeduringthepresentation.
(Khngainichuyntrongsutbuithuyttrnh)
Wegetplentyofsnowhereduringthewinter.
(Tuytrinhiunichngtitrongsutmang)
b.For/f/(pre):sdngnivmtkhongthigianmtiug
xyra.
Simonhasbeensleepingfor8hours.
(Simonngsut8gingh)
Wewaitedfor30minutesoutsideyourhouse.
(Chngtichitrong30phtbnngoinhbn)
c.While/wl/:sdngkhitadngnivhaivicxyracngmtlc.
dicathigiankhngquantrng.Hynhlwhilecdngvimtmnh
gmmtchngvmtngt(while+subject+verb)
ThephonerangwhileIwaswatchingTV.
(inthoireotrongkhitiangxemTV)
Imethimwhilewewerestudyinginthelibrary.
(Tigpanhtakhichngtianghctrongthvin)
ABCD
L Th Hng
ABCD
KIU TH Y TRUNG
E
EACH OTHER v ONE ANOTHER:
y l hai i t h tng c ngha: ln nhau, vi nhau; dng din t s chia s
cm ngh hay hnh ng.
_Each other or one another thng l b ng trc tip hay gin tip ca mt ng
t hay ca mt gii t.
E.g.1: They help each other a lot.
=> H gip nhau nhiu
E.g.2: We sat for three hours without talking to one another.
=> Chng ti ngi ba ting ng h m khng ni vi nhau mt li
_Trong ting Anh hin i, hu ht mi ngi s dng hai i t h tng ny nh
nhau, nhng cc hc gi th phn bit rch ri hn: each other dng cho hai ngi,
one another dng cho ba ngi tr ln. Tuy nhin thnh thong ngi ta vn dng
each other cho ba ngi hay nhng trng hp ni chung.
E.g.1: They wrote to each other regularly.
=> H vit th cho nhau u n
E.g.2: if the players would cooperate with one another, the team would win more
games.
=> Nu nh cc u th bit kt hp vi nhau, ton i c th thng nhiu trn
hn
Note:
+ Ch c dng each other hoc one another lm b ng trong mt mnh m
ch ng v ng t khi no cng s nhiu.
+ Thng thng, each other hoc one another c t lin sau ng t, Khi c
gii t i sau ng t, i t ny nm ngay sau gii t .
EFGHIJ
KIU TH Y TRUNG
+ Each other v one another cng c dng trong s

hu cch
+ Mt s t khng dng vi each other: meet, marry, similar.
ELDER, ELDEST, OLDER v OLDEST:
1. Nu gia hai ngi, ngi no ra i trc th ni ngi elder, tc hn tui,
ln tui hn.
E.g: David was the elder of the two.
=> David ln tui hn trong hai ngi
_Nu ta c anh ch em sinh ra trc, ta dng " elder sister " hay " elder brother "/.
_Nu trong mt nhm ngi, ngi no ln tui nht th ta ni ngi eldest,
c bit nu l anh ch em trong gia nh, th eldest l ngi sinh ra trc tin, tc
l anh c hay ch c.
E.g: Her eldest son as killed in Vietnam war.
=> Con trai trng b y cht trong chin tranh Vit Nam
_Ta khng dng elder , eldest ni v s vt.
2. Older, oldest dng cho c ngi ln vt vi ngha l c, c, gi.
E.g: This cathedral is the oldest building in the city.
=> Thnh ng ny ta nh c nht trong thnh ph
_Mt s ngi vn dng older, oldest thay cho elder, eldest khi ni v ngi.
E.g: She is my older sister.
=> C y l ch ca ti
3. Trong mt s trng hp khng th s dng elder, eldest th ta dng older,
oldest thay th.
E.g: We're all getting older.
=> tt c chng ta u gi i
Trong trng hp trn ta khng dng elder.
EFGHIJ
KIU TH Y TRUNG
ELECTRIC, ELECTRICAL v ELECTRONIC:

C ba u lin quan n in, in t.
_Ta dng electric trc cc danh t khi cp n my mc, dng c s dng in
nng hay to ra nng lng bng in. Th d, " an electric generator " (my pht
in), " an electric cooker " (ni nu bng in), " an electric iron " (bn i in).
_Ta dng electrical khi cp in mt cch tng qut. Electrical thng t trc
cc danh t nh equipment (trang thit b), appliance ( dng trong nh),
component (thnh phn). Ta cng dng electrical ni v ngi hay nhng t
chc lin quan n vic sn xut in nng hay sn phm s dng in.
E.g: This system has an electrical fault.
=> H thng ny c s c v in
_Cn electronic c dng khi ni v cc thit b c s dng n bng bn dn
hoc cc con chp ca vi mch. Electronic cng m ch nhng g lin quan n in
t. Ta ni " an electronic calculator " (mt my tnh in t), "electronic music "
(m nhc in t).
ELICIT v ILLICIT:
L hai t ng m d ngha.
_Elicit c ngha: lun ra, moi ra mt cu tr li, mt manh mi hay mt s tht.
E.g: He was struggling to elicit any information from a prisoner.
=> Anh y c moi bt c tin tc no t mt t nhn
_Cn illicit c ngha: bt hp php, lu, bt chnh.
E.g: We need to work with any government that wants to assist the United States in
effots to curb illicit narco-trafficking.
=> Chng ta cn lm vic vi bt c chnh ph no mun gip Hoa K trong n
lc chng li vic bun bn ma ty tri php
EFGHIJ
KIU TH Y TRUNG
EMINENT v IMMINENT:
Hai t ny va khc bit ng ngha, li chng ging nhau v pht m, nhng mt
s ngi vn dng lm ln t ny qua t kia.
_Eminent c ngha: ni ting, xut chng, ni bt.
E.g: Hef father is an Eminent author.
=> Cha c y l mt tc gi ni ting
_Cn imminent c ngha: sp xy ra, n ni.
E.g: Many of us felt the destruction of the world was imminent.
=> Nhiu ngi trong chng ti c cm ngh rng s hy dit ca th gii sp
din ra
_S lm ln hai t ny c th xy ra ngi bnh thng, ch him khi qua mt
c nhng ngi bin tp.
_Cc thng k tng ghi li mt bi trc nghim, trong c mt bi lin quan n
gii quyt tnh hung vi mt ngi ph n mang thai, th cu hi li vit " the
birth is eminent " thay v vit " the birth is imminent ".
EMPLOY v USE:
Employ ngoi ngha thu mn ai lm vic g, th cn c ngha: s dng, dng;
nh khi ta ni s dng mt k thut, mt phng php c bit no ; dng mt
chic my, dng c no.
E.g.1: A number of new techniques are employed.
=> Mt s k thut mi c s dng
E.g.2: He employed his pistol as a hammer.
=> Anh y dng khu sng lc ca mnh lm ba
_Employ l t trang trng, trong m thoi thng ngy ta thng dng use thay
th.
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E.g.1: This technique has been extensively used in Japan.

=> K thut ny c dng rng ri Nht bn
E.g.2: A hammer is used for driving in nails.
=> Ba c dng ng inh
ENABLE v ALLOW:
Hai t ny b dng ln ln.
_Enable c ngha: gip cho, to cho; Enable mt ngi no lm mt ci g tc l
cho h c hi lm vic , ch khng c ngha l cho php h lm vic ( nh
allow).
_Enable thng c dng trong cu trc: Enable somebody to do something.
E.g: They invented a machine to Enable doctor to detect the disease early.
=> H sng ch ra mt ci my gip cho cc bc s c th pht hin bnh sm
ENDED v ENDING:
Hai t ny gy nhiu tranh ci v cch dng.
_Mt s ngi cho rng, ended thch hp khi m t mt giai on, mt thi k
trong qu kh.
E.g: We were there for the week ended November 17.
=> Chng ti trong tun l kt thc vo ngy 17 thng 11
_V ending th ch thch hp khi cp n tng lai.
E.g: We'll be there for the week ending April 16.
=> Chng ti s trong tun l kt thc ngy 16 thng 4
_Tuy nhin mt s ngi khc th li cho rng, vic dng ending ni v qu kh
cng kh thng dng.
_C ngi dn chng vic thng dng beginning hn l begun ( so snh ending
vi ended) trong cu " We were there for the week beginning November 17 "
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chng minh rng khng mt ai ch trch vic s dng

beginning khi ni v mt giai on trong qu kh.
_Cho n nay, vic dng ended hay ending khi ni v qu kh nh trn u c
chp nhn. Ta c th dng mt trong hai t trn.
ENDEMIC, EPIDEMIC v PANDEMIC:
C ba u ni v dch bnh, nhng mc khc nhau.
_Endemic m ch mt cn bnh thng thy trong a phng, mt khu vc hay
mt nhm ngi nht nh no .
E.g: Malaria is endemic in the tropics.
=> Bnh st rt l cn bnh thng thy vng nhit i
_Epidemic c ngha: dch bnh, cp n nhng bnh lan truyn mt cch nhanh
chng, dch bnh bng pht ly lan n nhiu ngi trong mt cng ng dn c,
mt vng rng ln trong cng mt thi gian.
_Pandemic l dch bnh ln, lan rng khp nc, ra n phm vi chu lc hay ton
th gii.
E.g: There was an outbreak of cholera in Pakistan and Afghanistan and if
preventive steps were not effective, it could lead to another pandemic .
=> bng pht dch t Pakistan v Afghanistan, v nu nhng bc ngn chn
khng hiu qu, c th dn ti mt trn i dch khc
ENGAGED, ENGINEER v ENGINE DRIVER:
1. Engaged
y ta cn ch ti ng ngha nh hn ca t ny.
_Khi hai ngi ng s t chc m ci, hoc chnh thc thng bo s lm l
m ci, ta ni rng h nh hn " they are engaged ". Ta cng c th ni ring
bit tng ngi nh hn, nh " She is just got engaged " (C y va mi nh
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hn).
_Nhng khi ta ni mt ngi ny nh hn vi ngi kia th
nhng ai thng hay dch st ngha hy coi chng gii t with. nh hn vi "
Engaged to " ch khng phi " Engaged with ".
E.g: David was formally engaged to Dorothy.
=> David chnh thc nh hn vi Dorothy
2. Engineer l k s, tc ngi c kh nng chuyn mn, dng kin thc khoa hc
thit k, ch to hay bo tr my mc, ng c, ng s...Ta ni " an electrical
engineer " (k s in)...
_ M, engineer cng dng ch ngi li tu la, tc ngi iu hnh u my
tu la, trong khi Anh , ngi li tu la c gi l engine driver.
ENTER, GO INTO v COMEINTO:
u c ngha l i vo.
_Ngoi ngha thng dng l n hoc i vo , enter cn dng vi kh nhiu ngha
khc nh: ra, gia nhp, ng k...
E.g: Don't enter a room without knocking.
=> ng vo phng m khng g ca
Note:
+ Ta khng dng enter m t hnh ng i vo, ln xe but, tu la, my bay
hay tu thy. Trong cc trng hp ny ta dng get on hoc l board.
+ Enter l t kh trang trng v ta thng khng dng trong m thoi. Thay vo
, ta dng go into hoc come into khi ni n mt ngi no i vo mt cn
phng hay mt ta nh.
E.g: He came into the sitting room and shut the door.
=> Anh y i vo phng khch v ng ca li
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ENVELOP v ENVELOPE:
Hai t ny pht m khc nhau.
_Envelop c ngha: bao bc, bao ph, vy quanh. danh t l envelopment.
E.g: It was a big coat that seemed to envelop her whole body.
=> l ci o khoc qu ln hu nh ph kn ht thn th c ta
_Envelope c ngha: phong b, v bc.
E.g: Be sure to put a stamp on the envelope before you mail that letter.
=> ng qun dn mt con tem ln phong b trc khi bn gi l th
ERROR, MISTAKE, BLUNDER v SLIP:
L nhng t m ch n nhng sai st lch lc, nhng ci lm khng ng hoc
khng thch hp.
1. Error v mistake l hai t thng thng c th thay th cho nhau.
Mistake ch s nhm ln, sai lm - quan trng hay khng - m nguyn nhn l do
s phn xt ti hoc vic bt chp, coi thng nhng nguyn tc, lut l. Mistake
thng dng nht trong s cc t trn, c s dng trong mi tnh hung hng
ngy. Error l t trang trng hn mistake.
E.g.1: There was no margin for error or failure.
=> Khng c ch cho sai lm hoc tht bi
E.g.2: It was a ibg mistake to go there on holiday.
=> Ti ni trong ngy ngh l mt sai lm ln
2. Blunder l sai lm ng ngn, gy nn do cu th, bt cn, l nhng lm ln trng
trn trong hnh ng hoc li ni. Blunder ng n s v , vng v hoc dt
nt.
E.g: That's her second blunder in this morning.
=> l sai lm ng ngn th hai ca c ta trong sng nay
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3. Slip thng m ch mt sai lm nh m nguyn nhn l

do s vi vng hay bt cn.
E.g: There was a few trivial slips in his translation.
=> C vi sai st khng ng k trong bn dch ca anh y
Note:
Khi ni n sai st hay li k thut ta khng dng nhng danh t trn m dng fault
hoc defect.
ETHIC, ETHICS v ETHICAL:
1. Danh t ethic c ngha: c tin, o l nh hng n li sng ca mt cng
ng; l h thng cc nguyn tc o c, cc quy lut x th.
E.g: Those older workers have valuable experience and a work ethic that is not
often found in younger people.
=> Nhng cng nhn ln tui c kinh nghim qu gi v o c lm vic vn
thng kh tm thy nhng ngi tr tui hn
2. Ethics l o l, l nhng quy lut v ng sai. Vi ngha ny, ethics l danh t
s nhiu nn ng t phi ph hp v s.
E.g: The ethics of this judgement are doubtful.
=> o l ca phn quyt ny l ng ng
_Ethics cng c ngha l mn hc v o c, tc o c hc, Vi ngha ny,
ethics l danh t khng m c nn ng t i theo phi s t.
E.g: Ethics is a branch of philosophy.
=> o c hc l mt nghnh ca trit hc
3. Tnh t ch nhng g lin quan hay thuc v o c l ethical.
E.g: The new law is a step towards promoting better ethical standards.
=> Lut mi l mt bc hng ti vic cao nhng tiu chun o c tt hn
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EVEN v BEFORE:
C hai t u c th dng vi ngha: vo bt c thi im no trong qu kh,
nhng cn n mt d bit nh.
_Before m ch n mt s kin hnh thnh v t vn l liu n xy ra vo
thi im no.
_Ever khng ng n mt s kin hin hnh.
E.g: Have you been to France before ?
=> Bn tng Php trc y cha ?
Cu hi ny hm ngi nghe hin ang nc Php.
E.g: Have you ever been to France ?
=> bn tng bao gi Php cha ?
Cu hi ny ng hin ngi nghe khng ang trn nc Php.
EVENTUALLY v FINALLY:
Ta cn trnh dng lm ln gia hai t ny.
1. Eventually l: rt cuc, cui cng. Khi mt vic din ra sau nhiu ln tr hon
hoc gp trc tr, hay sau nhiu ln n lc, ta c th ni rng rt cuc, vic
cng din ra.
E.g: He fell ill and eventually got to the hospital.
=> Anh y bnh v rt cuc cng phi n nh thng
_Chng ta cng c th dng eventually ni v nhng g xy ra trong giai on
cui ca mt lot s kin, v thng l kt qu ca chng.
E.g: Eventually, they were forced to return to Algeria.
=> Cui cng, h b buc tr v Algeria
Note:
+ Ta khng dng eventually cung cp thng tin. Th d nh, ta khng ni " She
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has eventually found her dog " m ni " She has found
her dog at last " (Cui cng c y tm c con ch ca
mnh).
2. Finally cng c ngha: cui cng, kt lun; nhng ta dng t ny ni rng,
mt vic cui cng cng din ra sau mt thi gian ch i v trng mong.
Finally c t sau tr ng t nhng trc ng t thng.
E.g: Parliament had finally passed the bill.
=> Cui cng th Quc hi cng thng qua d lun
_Chng ta cng dng finally gii thiu v phn cui ca hng lot cc s kin.
E.g: The sky turned red, the performance finally started.
=> bu tri chuyn qua mu , mu ta v cui cng l ti en
_Finally cng c dng gii thiu mt im, mt mc cui cng hay hi mt
cu sau cng.
EVERY OTHER v EVERY SECOND:
Nu mt s vic din ra theo kiu khong cch, th d nh din ra ngy hm nay,
ngy mai ngh, ngy mt li ti din v c tip tc nh th, ta dng every other hay
every second vi ngha: xen k, khong cch.
E.g.1: Milk is delivered every other day.
=> Sa c giao cch nht
E.g.2: We meet every second Friday.
=> C th su cch tun, chng ti li gp nhau
EVERYDAY v EVERY DAY:
Cn phn bit ng ngha cc t ny.
_Everyday c ngha: hng ngy, thng nht, tc m ch nhng g c s dng
hay xy ra rt quen thuc hng ngy. Everyday c th lm chc nng danh t hay
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trng t.
_Every day c ngha: mi ngy, tc din t nhng g xy ra
mt cch u n ngy ny qua ngy n, mi ngy u nh vy.
E.g.1: In everyday life, we don't often find an elephant in the street.
=> Trong i sng thng nht, chng ta khng thng thy mt con voi trn
ng ph
E.g.2: I see her every day.
=> Ti gp nng mi ngy
EVIDENCE, EXHIBIT, TESTIMONY v PROOF:
u l nhng t cp ti chng c, tang chng, nhng thng tin cung cp trong
mt cuc iu tra hp php h tr cho mt lun c.
1. Evidence l chng c, tc nhng thng tin cung cp lm bng chng,
chng minh mt iu g. Cc thng tin ny hoc do cc nhn chng cung cp, hoc
thu thp t cc ti liu, vn kin hoc t bt c ngun kin khc.
E.g: There wasn't enough evidence to prove her guilty.
=> Khng c chng c buc ti c ta
2. Exhibit l tang vt, tang chng, tc cc ti liu, vt dng...c a ra lm bng
chng.
E.g: The signed contract and a knife are exhibits.
=> Hp ng c k tn v con dao l cc tang vt
3. Testimony c ngha: li chng, li khai hu t, ch nhng li khai c ni hoc
vit ra, thng l li khai ca nhng ngi chng kin cung cp sau khi tuyn
th.
E.g: The jury listened carefully to the testimony.
=> Bi thm on lng nghe li khai mt cch cn thn
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4. Proof l chng c, l bng chng cung cp xc nhn

mt s vic ng hay sai. Proof l nhng chng c tng i
hon chnh v c sc thuyt phc c th i n phn quyt.
E.g: Have you any proof that she is the owner of this bicycle ?
=> Anh c chng c no cho thy c y l ngi s hu chic xe p ny khng ?
EXAM v EXAMINATION:
_Exam l hnh thc vit tt,rt ngn ca examination. C hai u cp n nhng
cuc thi, kim tra chnh thc ngi d thi chng t kin thc hoc kh nng ca
mnh trong mt lnh vc, mt mn hc c bit no .
_Exam l t thng dng nhng examination trang trng hn v c dng chnh
trong vn vit.
E.g: Students must pass the examination in Russian in order to go to Moscow in
the second year.
=> Cc sinh vin phi vt qua k thi ting Nga i Moscow trong nm hc th
hai
_Khi mun ni mt ngi tham d mt k thi, ta dng cm t " take an
exam/examination " hn. Trong m thoi ta c th dng " do an exam ".
E.g: Many workers want to take these exams.
=> Nhiu cng nhn mun tham d nhng k thi ny
_Mt ngi thnh cng tc thi u mt k thi, k kim tra th ta dng ng t pass,
nu thi rt ta dng fail.
E.g: She passed the written part but then failed the oral section.
=> C y vt qua k thi vit nhng li rt phn vn p
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EXAMINATION, INSPECTION v SCRUTINY:

Examination l t c nhiu ngha, trong c ngha thng dng l xem xt, kim
tra m ngi dng ting Anh c th ln ln vi hai danh t khc l inspection
v scrutiny.
1. Examination thng m ch n vic xem xt, kim tra thng thng. Th d
nh kim tra sc khe, kim tra h thng vn hnh nh my...
E.g: On further examination, a defective pipe of the plumbing was found.
=> Nh kim tra thm, ngi ta pht hin mt ng b h trong h thng ng nc
2. Inspection l xem xt k, thanh tra; m ch n cc cuc thanh tra, kim tra chnh
thc mt nh my chng hn hay kim tra ti khon kinh doanh...
E.g: Iraqis wanted a better balanced mix of the U.N. inspection team.
=> Ngi Iraq mun mt s hn hp cn bng hn ca ton thanh tra Lin Hp
Quc
3. Scrutiny c ngha: xem xt k lng hay kim tra li phiu bu (trong mt cuc
bu c), ng nhng trng hp xem xt mt cch cn thn, t m.
E.g: After scrutiny by an unprecedented joint committee of both houses of
Parliament, the bill was radically revised.
=> Sau mt cuc xem xt t m ca y ban hn hp cha tng c ca lng vin
Quc hi, d lun c chnh sa mt cch cn bn
EXCITED v EXCITING:
1. Excited c ngha: cm thy hay biu l s kch thch. Excited dng din t
cm xc ca mt ngi khi h mong i mt cch ho hc v mt s kin c bit
hoc rt th v.
E.g: She was to excited she could hardly sleep.
=> C y b kch ng n ni kh c th ng c
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Ta cng ni, mt ai b kch thch v mt vic g " be

excited about something " hoc b kch thch lm mt vic g "
be excited about doing something " .
E.g: He is very excited about the possibility of playing for VietNam's footbaal
team.
=> Cu y rt phn khi v kh nng c th chi cho i tuyn bng Vit Nam
2. Khn nn ln ln excited vi exciting. Exciting m t nhng hng th hi hp,
nhng g gy ra s thch th, to cho ta cm gic phn khch.
E.g: It was the most exciting fall in our lives.
=> l ma thu l th nht trong cuc i ca chng ti
EXCUSE, FORGIVE v APOLOGISE:
L nhng t ni v xin li, min li, th li.
1. Excuse ngoi chc nng danh t l nguyn c, l do, th rt thng dng trong vai
tr lm ng t. Nu mt ngi c " be excuse " mt vic g tc ngi c
php chnh thc min, khng lm vic .
E.g: You can apply to be excused payment if your earnings are low.
=> Cc bn c th xin min tr tin nu nh thu nhp ca cc bn thp
_Trong m thoi nu ta ni " must excuse myself " tc l ta lch s rt lui v c
vic phi i. Ngc li, nu ta ni " excuse me " l mt cch xin li.
E.g: Now I must excuse myself, gentlemen.
=> Tha qu ng, by gi ti xin php rt lui y
_Ngha thng dng nht ca excuse l: b qua, tha th.
E.g: Please excuse my late arrival.
=> Xin th li cho vic n mun ca chng ti
Note:
+ Cm t thng dng nht trong m thoi, giao dch hng ngy l " excuse me " .
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" Excuse me " l cu u mi mi khi ta mun c

ngi no lu , nh khi ta mun nh mt vic g, mun
hi ng
+ Ta cng dng " excuse me " nh l li xin li lch s khi ta quy ry ngi khc
nh khi ta mun ngt li, mun bc qua h...Nu ai ni g ta nghe khng r,
th " excuse me " chnh l cu lch s ca ngi m.
2. Forgive cng c ngha tha th, th li. Tuy nhin, khi ta forgive mt ngi no
th ng rng ta tng gin hay thm ch, gy g vi h. Nn nh l ta khng
th dng excuse theo cch hiu nh th.
E.g: She forgave me everything.
=> Nng tha th cho ti mi chuyn
3. Apologize l : xin li. apologize m ch vic tha nhn li lm cng nh t v n
hn vi nhng g sai tri lm.
E.g: He apologized for accusing her falsely.
=> Anh y xin li v t co c ta mt cch sai lch
EXPECT v HOPE:
1. Expect l trng ch, mong i. Nu ta mong ch mt vic g s din ra th ta tin
rng vic s xy ra.
E.g: He expects that they will come.
=> Anh y trng mong h s n
_Thnh thong ta c th dng mt ng t nguyn mu c " to " theo sau expect
thay v mt mnh " that ", tuy nhin ng ngha khng hon ton ging nhau.
E.g: I expect David to come to the party.
=> Ti trng ch David ti d tic
_Cu trn biu th thun ty mt s tin tng n gin m thi, cn cu di m
ch rng ti rt mun David n, v rng nu David khng n ti s rt tht vng
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v bc mnh.
2. Expect v hope:
Expect thin v tr c hn l cm xc. Nu nh ta mong i mt iu g xy ra, th
ta c l do vic s din ra thc s.
_Cn hope th thin v cm xc nhiu hn. Hope l hi vng, tc c mong v
mong i mt ci g, mt iu g. Nu nh ta hi vng mt iu g xy ra, tc ta ao
c, ta mun iu xy ra nhng ta khng bit rng liu n c xy ra hay khng.
E.g: she is expecting a baby.
=> C y sp sinh con
Cu ny hm , c ta ang mang thai v s h sinh mt ngi con.
E.g: She is hoping it will be a son.
=> C ta ang hi vng s l mt b trai
Tc l vic sinh con l iu hu nh chc chn - dng ng t expect; cn vic
sinh con trai hay con gi th cha bit nn mi hope.
Note:
+ Ngi ta c th trng ch mt tin tc, s vic tt hay xu s din ra, nhng
ngi ta ch hi vng nhng iu tt lnh m thi.
E.g: I expect it will snow heavily at the weekend, but I hope it won't.
=> Ti cho rng t tuyt ri nng vo cui tun, nhng hi vng s khng din ra
EXPERIENCE v EXPERIMENT:
1. Experience l kinh nghim, tc nhng kin thc, k nng hc c trong qu
trnh lm vic, l nhng g c c nh s tip xc, tng tri vi cuc sng, vi
thc t. Experience thng dng vi ng t have.
E.g: They had no military experience.
=> H khng c kinh nghim v qun s
_Trong chc nng ng t, experience c ngha : tng tri, nm mi.
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E.g: Have you ever experienced a real depression.

=> C bao gi bn tri qua mt s chn nn tht s cha
2. Experiment l th nghim, tc nhng th nghim c tin hnh nhm pht hin
hoc chng minh mt iu g. Danh t experiment thng dng vi ng t do.
E.g: He did an experiment in the physics lesson.
=> Anh y lm mt th nghim trong bi hc vt l
_Khi l ng t, experiment c ngha: lm, thc hin, tin hnh mt cuc th
nghim,
E.g: They experimented until they succeeded in producing a new perfume.
=> H tin hnh th nghim cho n khi thnh cng trong vic cho ra i mt
loi nc hoa mi
F
FACING v ACROSS FROM:
_Ngi M thng dng across from vi ngha i din hn l opposite.
E.g: Just across from her house there is a post office.
=> Ngay i din nh nng l bu in
_Khi cp n mt ngi no i din vi mnh th ta dng facing.
E.g: He sat facing me across the table.
=> Anh y ngi i din vi ti bn kia bn
E.g: Who is the man facing me ?
=> Ngi i din vi ti l ai vy ?
FACTORY, WORKS, MILL v PLANT:
L nhng t ch a im sn xut ra hng ha, nhng ni r sn phm hay cch
ch bin khc nhau.
1. Factory l nh my, x nghip; l t dng tng qut ch mt ta nh, ni hng
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ha, sn phm c ch to, lp rp.

E.g: There are many factories in northern suburb producing
domestic goods.
=> C nhiu nh my khu ngoi pha Bc sn xut hng gia dng)
_L t dng ph thng nht nn khi cp n cng nhn nh my, x nghip ni
chung, ta cng ni " factory workers " (nhng cng nhn x nghip).
2. Works cng c ngha l xng hoc nh my, nhng work c dng ch
mt cm ln, gm nhiu ta nh sn xut hng ha, c th bao gm c thit b my
mc bn ngoi. Sau works, ta c th dng ng t dng s t hay nhiu.
E.g: The brick works are/is closed for the Chrismas holidays.
=> Nh my gch ng ca ngh l Noel
3. Mill ch mt ta nh ni ch bin mt nguyn liu c bit no , th d "
cotton mill " (nh my bng), " steel mill " (nh my thp)...Vi hm nh th,
mill c ngha hn hp nht trong bn danh t trn.
4. Plant cng c ngha l nh my, nhng y l nh my thuc loi cng nghip
nng v thng c M dng khi ni n cc nh my sn xut ha cht v cc
nh mu sn xut nng lng nh " nuclear plant " (nh my ht nhn).
FAIR v CARNIVAL:
y ta ch phn bit ng ngha v l hi ca hai danh t.
_Ti Anh, fair dng ch nhng l hi ngoi tri - thng l trong cng vin v
nht l trn nhng cnh ng - ti , ngi ta tranh lun v rt nhiu th nh ta
thng thy trn ti vi: n cy nhanh, leo ct gii, iu khin my mc...vi s c
v thng l c ng vin ca hai i.
_ M, mt l hi nh th th ngi ta gi l carnival . Carnival M cng cn l
dp cc t chc ng ra bn hng, bn thc n ung vi mc ch gy qu
h tr, th d nh ti tr cho i bng a phng, bi li...
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_Trong khi Anh, carnival dng ch mt l hi cng

cng ngoi tri v thng c t chc hng nm ti mt a
im c bit no . Ti carnival, m nhc l mt trong nhng phn chnh v
thnh thong ngi ta cn nhy trn c ng ph.
E.g: The Notting Hill carnival ai August is the largest street festival in Europe.
=> L hi Notting Hill vo thng tm l ngy hi trn ng ph ln nht chu
u
FAIRLY v RATHER:
C fairly v rather u c ngha l kha kh, va phi, nhng fairly ch yu b
ngha cho nhng tnh t v trng t c ngha tt p, thun li, nhng phm cht
tch cc, trong khi rather th chuyn dng vi cc tnh t, trng t ngc li.
E.g.1: Helen did fairly well in her exam, but John did rather badly.
=> Helen lm kh tt bi thi ca mnh, nhng John th lm kh ti
E.g.2: This bag is rather heavy, but that one is fairly light.
=> Ci bao ny kh l nng, cn bao kia kh nh
_Vi nhng tnh t v trng t thuc loi chung chung, khng tt,khng xu nh:
thin, thick, fast, old, cold...th chng ta dng fairly din t s ng thun v
rather t v khng hi lng.
E.g.1: This chicken noodle soup is fairly hot.
=> T m g ny nng va y
E.g.2: This chicken noodle soup is rather hot.
=> T m g ny nng qu vy
Cu trn m ch ngi ni thch n m nng, cn cu di th ngi ni chng hi
lng v t m cht no.
_Rather cng c th dng vi nhng tnh t, trng t ch nhng phm cht tch
cc, nh: good, well, clever...nhng lc , rather c ngha l rt v ngha khng
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KIU TH Y TRUNG
hi lng bin mt.

E.g: David is rather/very handsome.
=> david rt p trai
_D nhin trong nhng trng hp ny, rather mang tnh cht ca ngi nhiu hn l
fairly.
E.g:It is fairly good play.
It is rather a good play.
=> l mt v kch kh hay
Cu trn chng khuyn khch ngi ta i xem, cn cu di chnh l mt li gii
thiu.
_Rather c th ng trc cc hnh thc so snh v lc , n c ngha: cht t, hi
hi, khng ng k. Cn fairly th khng th ng trc cc cp so snh.
E.g: This car is rather more expensive than that one.
=> Chic xe ny hi t hn chic kia
_Mo t bt nh a, an c th ng trc hoc sau rather nhng lun ng trc
fairly.
E.g.1: This is a rather interesting book.
=> y l cun sch kh hay
E.g.2: He is just made a fairly outstanding speech.
=> Anh y va c bi din vn kh c sc
_rather cn c th b ng cho danh t v ng t, c bit vi nhng ng t m
ch v suy ngh, t tng v cm gic.
E.g: It was rather a disappointment.
=> Tht l kh tht vng
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KIU TH Y TRUNG
FAMOUS, WELL-KNOWN, NOTORIOUS v

INFAMOUS:
1. Famous v well-known u c ngha l ni ting, c nhiu ngi bit n.
Tuy nhin well-known trong phm vi nh hn famous. Mt ngi hay vt wellknown th h c t ngi bit n hn l famous v trong khu vc nh hn
famous.
E.g: New York is a famous city.
=> New York l mt thnh ph ni ting
_Well-known c th c vit vi gch ni hay khng gch ni. Ngi ta thng
dng well-known c gch ni khi n ng trc mt danh t v khng dng gch
ni khi well-known ng sau mt ng t.
E.g.1: His book became very well known.
=> Cun sch ca anh y tr nn rt ni ting).
E.g.2: Her father took her to the well-known lawyer in Kensington street.
=> Cha c dn c ti mt lut s ni ting trn ng Kensington
2. Notorious v infamous cng c nhiu ngi bit ting, nhng l ting xu.
E.g.1: They were notorious as gamblers and drunks.
=> H mang ting l nhng tay c bc v ri ch
E.g.2: He was a infamous serial killer known as Chopper.
=> hn ta l tay git ngi hng lot kht ting vi bit danh Chopper
FAITHFUL, CONSTANT v LOYAL:
L nhng t ni v nhng g lin quan n s trung thnh, tn ty, s ht lng,
nhng khc nhau v mc .
1. Faithful c ngha: trung thnh, chung thy, ng tin cy; m ch s ht lng vi
nhng g m ngi ta hng n do mt li ha, mt nhim v hay bn phn.
E.g: She was always faithful to her husband.
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KIU TH Y TRUNG
=> B ta lun chung thy vi chng

2. Constant ng n s cng quyt v kin nh gn b, s
ht lng, s dng hin trong tnh yu.
E.g.1: He feit constant affection for his brother.
=> Anh y yu mn ht lng ngi em trai
3. Loyal l: trung thnh, trung kin vi mt ngi, mt t chc, mt mc ch hay
l tng mnh chn.
E.g: He remains loyal to his principles.
=> Anh y vn kin nh vi nhng nguyn tc ca mnh
FARTHER,FARTHEST, FURTHER v FURTHEST:
y l cc hnh thc so snh bc hn v cao nht ca far (xa, xa xi). Khi chng ta
ni v khong cch a l, xa hn trong khng gian, thi gian, ta c th dng mt
trong nhng hnh thc ny m khng c khc bit v ng ngha.
E.g: Las vegas is farther/ further way than Los Angeles.
=> Las Vegas th xa hn Los Angeles
_Ring further v furthest cn dng ch nhng g thm vo, nh khi ta ni " for
further information " (cn thm thng tin) chng hn.
E.g: The jury decided that they needed further proof that the defendant was guilty.
=> Bi thm on quyt nh l h cn thm chng c chng minh rng b n
c ti
FASCINATED BY v FASCINATED WITH:
u c ngha: hp dn, m hoc ai.
_Trc y, mt s nh ngn ng hc cho rng, fascinated by ch gii hn dng
cho ngi quyn r thi, cn fascinated with th dng cho i tng khng phi l
ngi. Tuy nhin, nhng thng k gn y cho thy, fascinated thng c dng
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KIU TH Y TRUNG
vi gii t by hn bt c gii t no khc v fascinated

by thng dng m khng phn bit ngi hay vt hp dn.
E.g: I continued to be fascinated by the Senator and especially his two assistants.
=> Ti tip tc b ng thng ngh s v nht l hai ph t ca ng y m hoc
_Fascinated with t thng dng hn fascinated by v ch thnh thong c dng
vi vt hay s vic hp dn.
E.g: The male, of course, has long been fascinated with combat.
=> D nhin l phi nam t lu b chin trn huyn hoc
_Vi i tng hp dn khng phi l ngi, fascinated cn c dng vi cc
gii t: in, on, over, to nhng rt t.
Note:
Khi mun din t mt vic b m hoc, hp dn qu mc, ta khng dng trng t
very hay extremely ng trc m dng deeply.
FASHION, STYLE v VOGUE:
u lin quan n thi trang, mt.
1. Fashion l nhng g m t v c tnh, c im hoc phn bit nhng thi quen,
kiu cch, trang phc...ca mt thi k hay ca mt nhm.
E.g: She was dressed in the latest fashion in coats.
=> B y mc o khoc thi trang mi nht
2. Style cng c ngha tng ng v c th thay th cho fashion trong mt s
trng hp khi ni v thi trang. mt.
Style cng m ch n s hp thi, ph hp vi mt tiu chun, mt chun mc
ang thnh hnh nh khi ta ni " the latest styles/fashions in shoes " (Nhng mt
giy mi nht).
Tuy nhin, style thng dng vi ngha: phong cch, vn phong, v kiu cch ca
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KIU TH Y TRUNG
mt ha s, mt nh iu khc hay phong cch ngh thut

ca mt giai on.
E.g: He has a patronizing style of addressing others.
=> ng y c kiu cch trnh thng, b trn khi xng h vi ngi khc
3. Vogue cng c ngha thi trang, mt, ci ang thnh hnh, nhng m ch n s
thnh hnh nht thi ca mt thi trang no , nht l trong mt thi im nht
nh.
E.g: During the sixtties, short skirts and short hairdos were the vogue.
=> Vo nhng nm thp nin 60, vy ngn v kiu tc ngn l thi trang
FATAL v FATEFUL:
L hai tnh t lin quan n s phn, nh mnh, nhng g quan trng v c tnh
quyt nh.
_Fatal l tnh t gc ca danh t fate v hin nay c dng nhiu hn cateful.
_Hai tnh t ny c th chia s ng ngha: quan trng v c tnh quyt nh, nhng
khi ni v nhng g rt trm trng, c th dn n ci cht th cateful khng th
dnh ch ca fatal. Fatal c ngha l ch t, cht.
E.g: He was at Pearl Harbor on the fatal day.
=> ng y c mt trn chu cng vo ci ngy nh mnh y
FEMALE, FEMININE v EFFEMINATE:
1. Female l danh t v tnh t c ngha lin quan ti gii tnh c th sinh con hay
trng. Ta c th dng female lm tnh t vi ngha: ci, mi, n , khi cp n
ngi hay ng vt, thc vt.
E.g: A female fox is called a vixen.
=> Mt con co ci th gi l vixen
_Tnh t female khi dng cho con ngi th thng ni v nhng c im th cht
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KIU TH Y TRUNG
ca n gii. Nhng khi cp ti ngh nghip th ngi

ta dng woman thay cho female.
_Chng ta cng c th dng female lm danh t, nhng ch khi ni v ng vt.
E.g: The male fertilizes the female is eggs.
=> Con c th tinh trng ca con ci
_Tuy nhin M, gii tr thnh thong dng female m ch nhng ngi ph
n tr khi h khng mun dng woman hay girl.
E.g: I cannot say for certain as she is a female.
=> Ti khng th oan chc rng c ta l ph n
2. Feminine l tnh t c ngha:nh ph n, ging ph n; m ch nhng thuc tnh
c bit dnh ring cho phi n, nh tnh cch nh nhng hn, tinh t, kho lo
hn...Khi feminine c dng cho phi nam th ngi ta mun ng n s mm
yu ca phi n.
E.g: Our feminine shirts are decorated front and back.
=> Nhng ci o s mi n ca chng ti c trang tr pha trc v sau
_Trong ng php, feminine c dng lm danh t hay tnh t ch ging ci.
E.g: The word of " moon " is feminine in French and masculine in German.
=> T " Mt trng " l ging ci trong ting Php v l ging c trong ting c
3. Effeminate l tnh t c ngha: nh n b, ging n b. Effeminate ch dng
m t phi nam, ni v thi v dng dp ca mt ngi n ng , con trai li
ging nh n b. Tt nht l ta nn trnh dng effeminate v d b phn ng.
FIND v DISCOVER:
u c ngha: tm thy, thy.
_Find l kt qu ca mt cuc tm kim. Find l tm thy, pht hin. y l ng t
bt quy tc ( find-found-found).
E.g: Her house will not be easy to find.
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KIU TH Y TRUNG
=> Khng d g tm thy nh c

_Discover thnh thong c dng thay cho find. Discover l
t trang trng hn v ta thng thy bo ch s dng khi pht hin thi th nn nhn
chng hn.
E.g: The bodies of the victims were discovered by rescue workers.
=> Thi th ca nn nhn c cc nhn vin cu h tm thy
_Nu ta khng th tm thy mt ci g m ta ang tm kim, th ta ni " cannot find
it " .
E.g: I think I'm lost. I can't find his office.
=> Ti ngh l mnh c. Ti khng th tm thy vn phng ca anh y
Note:
Khi cc mnh bt u bng when, before hoc as soon as, ta c th lc b b
ng nu dng " find out " . Trong trng hp ny, ta khng th dng discover hay
find.
E.g: As soon as he found out, he jumped into the car.
=> Ngay khi pht hin ra, anh ta nhy vt ln xe
FIRST TWO v TWO FIRST:
Vic s dng mt s th t i cng vi mt s m tng gy nhiu tranh ci v v
tr ca chng.
_Khi first i cng vi mt s m, c hai cch vit. Th d, ni " 4 trang u
tin " ca mt cun sch chng hn, ta c th dng " the four first pages " hoc "
the first four pages " .
_Theo cc nh khoa hc, " the four first pages " xut hin trc, t nht l t th k
14, cn " the first four pages " l cu trc xut hin cui th k 16 v ngy cng ln
lt cch vit c.
EFGHIJ
KIU TH Y TRUNG
_Cc thng k trong nhng nm 1980 cho thy, cch

dng " four first " , " two first "...ch chim 19% trong khi cu
trc " first four ", " first two "...chim n 81%. Tuy nhin, ta cn nh rng, mt ai
s dng cu trc c th h vn khng sai.
FLACK v FLAK:
L hai t ng m d ngha v rt d dng ln v cch vit tng t nhau.
_Flack l sng phng khng, ha lc phng khng.
Cn flak l nhn vin bo ch.
_Khi nm cng mt ng cnh trong mt cu no th hai t ny khng th
dng ln ln.
E.g.1: She is a flack for Senator McCain.
=> C y l nhn vin bo ch cho thng ngh s McCain
E.g.2: The man in the flak jacket gestured for them to get out of the car.
=> Ngi n ng mc o chng n ra hiu cho h bc ra khi xe
_Flak thng dng trong ngha: b ph bnh, ch trch kch lit.
E.g: The financial manager also takes the flak if things go wrong.
=> Gim c ti chnh cng nhn ch trch gt gao nu mi vic tr nn xu i
FLOOR v GROUND:
1. Floor l sn nh, nn nh, tc mt bng ca cn phng m ta ng, i li, sinh
hot trn . Floor ca mt ta nh c ngha l: tng.
E.g.1: Our office is on the top floor.
=> Vn phng ca chng ti tng trn cng
E.g.2: His suitcase fell to the floor.
=> Ci va li ca anh ta ri xung sn nh
2. Ta khng gi mt bng ca mt t l floor m gi l ground. Ground l mt
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KIU TH Y TRUNG
bng ca tri t pha di chn ta khi ta ngoi tri, cn

floor l mt bng di chn ta khi ta trong mt cn phng,
mt ta nh.
E.g: He would always frown and stare at the ground when he talked.
=> Anh ta lun chau my v nhn thng xung mt t khi ni chuyn
_Tuy nhin, mt t trong rng th thnh thong c gi l " forest floor " cng
nh y bin khi thnh thong c gi l " sea floor ".
E.g: Some species take rests at night and slumber on the sea floor.
=> Mt vi loi ngh ngi vo ban m v gi gic ng y bin khi
FOLK v FOLKS
C hai u l danh t s nhiu, c ngha: ngi, mt nhm ngi c bit ( nh
nhng ngi thn thuc chng hn). Chng ta lun dng hnh thc s nhiu vi
ng t i theo hai t ny.
1. Folk thnh thong c dng vi mt t b ngha m ch tt c nhng ngi
c cng mt c im ring.
E.g: She was like all the old folk.
=> B y hon ton ging mt ngi gi
_Tuy nhin, cch dng ny khng thng dng v ngi ta thng ni " old people
", " country people " hn l " old folk " , "country folk "
2. Ngi M a dng folks hn. Folks m ch nhng thnh vin trong gia nh, c
bit khi ni v cha m.
E.g: I don't even have time to write letters to my folks.
=> Ti chng c n thi gian vit th cho cha m mnh na
_Folks cng thng dng M, khi ngi ta dng xng h vi mt nhm ngi
mt cch bnh dn, khng trang trng.
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KIU TH Y TRUNG
E.g: Well, folks, what are we going to do tonight ?

=> No, cc cu, chng ta s lm g ti nay ?
FOOT v FEET:
L danh t s t v s nhiu ch bn chn v n v o chiu di thng dng Anh
v M.
_Foot l bn chn, bao gm lun cc ngn chn. Dng vi ngha ny, s nhiu ca
foot l feet. " On foot " l cm t m ch vic i b, nh khi ta ni :
E.g: We are going on foot, not by bus .
=> Chng ta s i b ch khng i xe but
_Khi dng lm n v o lng chiu di, mt foot tng tng vi 12 inches hoc
30,4ecm. Vi ngha ny, s nhiu ca foot cng l feet.
E.g: The planes flew at 35,000 feet.
=> Cc my bay bay cao 35,000 feet
_Tuy nhin ta c th dng foot lm s nhiu khi ng trc cc t nh: high, tall,
long.
E.g: He is five foot four inches tall.
=> Anh y cao 5 feet 4 inch
_Hoc khi foot nm gia mt con s v mt danh t. tnh hung ny, ngi ta
thng dng mt gch ni gia con s v foot.
E.g: There is a seven-foot wall between the two houses.
=> C mt bc tng cao 7 feet gia hai cn nh
_Hnh thc s nhiu nh th thng dng trong m thoi. Anh, trong vn vit
ngi ta cng thng dng hnh thc s nhiu l foot nh th, nhng M hnh
thc s nhiu thng dng hn l feet.
Note:
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KIU TH Y TRUNG
Foot cn mt hnh thc s nhiu na l foots, nhng ch

dng trong vi ngha c bit nh khi foot c dng vi
ngha " footlights ".
E.g: He wanted to jump over the foots after the guy.
=> Anh ta mun nhy qua dy n pha sau g
FOOTBALL, SOCCER, MATCH v GAME:
1. Anh, football l bng , tc mn chi gia hai i, mi i c 11 cu th
tranh nhau mt qu bng trn ghi bn vo cu mn i phng.
M, mn chi ny c gi l soccer.
E.g: yesterday should have been the start of the soccer season.
=> Hm qua phi l ngy khi u ca bng
_Trong khi ngi M gi football l mn chi gia hai i vi qu bng bu
dc, cc cu th nm, v m bng chy ghi im. Ngi Anh th gi mn
chi ny ca M l American football.
E.g: In his youth, he was a minor American football star.
=> Khi cn tr, cu y l ngi sao bng thiu nin ca M
2. Ngi Anh gi mt trn thi u gia hai i bng l match, cn ngi M th
gi l game.
E.g: Barthez will miss United's match with Liverpool through suspension.
=> Barthez s khng thi u trn United gp Liverpool v b treo gi
FORECED v FORECEFULNESS:
Hai t ny u ni v sc mnh. Nhng ta cn phn bit cch dng ca hai t ny.
1. Forced c ngha: b p buc, cng bc nh ta ni " Forced labour " (lao ng
cng bc), vi ngha: cng thng, khng t nhin nh " a forced smile " (mt n
ci khng t nhin).
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KIU TH Y TRUNG
Forced cng cn c ngha khn cp nh khi ta ni " a

forced landing of an airplane " (s h cnh khn cp ca mt
my bay).
2. Forcefulness c ngha l: tnh cht mnh m, sc thuyt phc. C nhiu tnh t
m ta c th dng khi m t tnh cch, hnh ng ca con ngi.
2.1 Nhng t khen ngi: assertive (quyt on, mnh m), forceful (sinh ng, c
sc thuyt phc), positive (lc quan, tch cc), self-confident (t tin) v strongwilled (cng quyt).
E.g.1: He is overly assertive in his selling efforts.
=> Anh ta quyt on thi qu trong nhng n lc bn hng ca mnh
E.g.2: They are positive that they will win the contest.
=> H lc quan l s chin thng trong cuc tranh ti
2.2 Nhng li ch bai: Aggressive (hung hng, hng h), domineering (c on,
hng hch), overbearing (hng hch, kiu cng), pushy (t cao mnh), tyrannical
(bo ngc). l nhng tnh t dng biu l s khng ng tnh vi thi ,
cch ng x ca mt ngi no .
E.g: They worked for a tyrannical boss.
=> H lm vic vi mt n ch bo ngc
FORCEFUL v FORCIBLE:
L nhng t lin quan n sc mnh, nhng cch dng khc nhau.
_Forcible l t thng dng nht, c ngha: bng sc mnh, tc c thc hin bng
sc mnh hoc lin quan ti sc mnh.
E.g: In those 10 decades, China suffered forcible entry from Western imperial
powwers.
=> Trong 10 thp nin , Trung Quc chu s xm nhp bng v lc t cc
quc phng ty
EFGHIJ
KIU TH Y TRUNG
_Forceful c ngha: mnh m, sinh ng, c sc thuyt

phc. Forcible cng c ngha ny nh " a forcible argument "
(mt lp lun c sc thuyt phc mnh),...nhng l cch dng ca ngi Anh,
ngi M him khi s dng nh th.
E.g: We tried to attract strong forceful personalities to the group.
=> Chng ti c li cun nhng nhn vt ni ting c sc thuyt phc mnh vo
trong nhm
_Vi ngha trn, Forceful c ngi M a dng hn l ngha en " bng sc
mnh " nh trong cu:
E.g: An explosion perhaps 200 times as forceful as the atomic bomb.
=> mt v n c l 200 ln mnh hn mt qu bom nguyn t
FOREWORD v FORWARD:
Hai t ny pht m kh ging nhau, tuy nhin ng ngha th khc bit.
_Foreword l li ta, li m u ca mt cun sch.
Cn forward c nhiu chc nng: trng t, tnh t, danh t v ng t. Khi l danh
t, forward c ngha l tin o, tc cu th hng tn cng trong bng , khc
cn cu...
_Theo thng k, t c trng hp dng ln foreword vo v tr ca forward , nhng
kh nhiu nh xut bn lt li khi in lm forward vo ch ca foreword nh
trong cu "...in the forward to his book " (...theo li ta trong cun sch ca ng).
FREE v FREELY:
1. Ngha thng dng ca free l t do. Ta dng free din t nhng hot ng
khng b kim sot hay gii hn.
E.g: The general elections were free and fair.
=> Cc cuc tng tuyn c l t do v cng bng
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KIU TH Y TRUNG
_ta khng dng free nh mt trng t vi ngha ny, thay

vo l freely.
E.g: His wife died a few years ago and we both speak freely.
=> V anh y cht cch y my nm v hai chng ti ni chuyn mt cch
thoi mi
2. Free cn thng dng vi ngha: khng mt tin, khi phi tr tin.
E.g: We got some free tickets for the theater.
=> Chng ti c my v xem kch khng phi tr tin
Vi ngha ny, trng t ca free cng chnh l free, ch ta khng dng freely.
E.g: Children can get into the theater free.
=> Tr em c th vo xem kch t do
FRIEND, FRIENDLY v SYMPATHETIC:
1, Friend l bn, tc nhng ngi m ta bit r v thch quan h nhng khng phi
l h hng. Mt ngi bn thn trong ting Anh l " a good friend ", " a close
friend "...
E.g: She is a close friend of mine.
=> C y l bn thn ca ti
_ din t hnh ng kt bn, tr thnh bn, ta dng cm t " be friend with " hay
" make friend with ".
E.g: Helen continued to be friends with Dorothy.
=> Helen tip tc kt bn vi Dorothy
2. Friendly c ngha: thn thin, thn mt. Friendly khng bao gi l mt trng t.
Nu ta friendly vi mt ngi no , tc l ta t ra thin cm v thn thin vi
ngi .
E.g: The salesmen had been friendly to him.
=> Nhng ngi bn hng t ra thin cm vi anh y
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KIU TH Y TRUNG
_Cn friendly with c ngha l thch chi vi nhau, thch

cng nhau vui a.
E.g: The children here are quite friendly with one another.
=> Bn tr y kh thn thin vi nhau
3. Khng nn nhm ln gia friendly v sympathetic . Tnh t sympathetic c
ngha: thng cm, ng cm, t ra ng h. Nu nh ta gp mt s c g v mt ai
xy ra sympathetic tc l ngi t ra cm thng v mun gip ta.
E.g: He is profoundly sympathetic to the families of earthquake's victims.
=> Anh y cm thng su sc vi gia nh nhng nn nhn ng t
FROM v SINCE:
u c ngha l t, t khi.
_From c th dng ch thi gian v ni chn.
E.g.1: Has the train from Hanoi arrived ?
=> Xe la i t h Ni ti ni cha ?
E.g.2: They lived in Nha Trang from 1980 to 2004.
=> Ti sng Nha Trang t nm 1980 n nm 2004
_Since ch dng cho thi gian, khng bao gi ch dng cho ni chn. Since c
ngha t thi im cho ti lc ni.
E.g.1: He has been here since Sunday.
=> Anh y y t ch nht
E.g.2: Dorothy has been working in a factory since leaving school.
=> Dorothy lm vic ti mt nh my t khi ra trng
FRUGAL, THRIFTY, PARSIMONIOUS v PENNY-PINCHING:
Ngoi ra cn : Economical, miserly, stingy, tight-fisted.
_u l nhng tnh t ni v tit kim, h tin. Cc t ny c chia thnh ba
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KIU TH Y TRUNG
nhm.
1. Economical v Frugal l nhng t trung dung, gia;
cp n ngha tit kim. Economical chng ta ni trong mc ring. Cn frugal
nhn mnh n : thanh m, m bc.
E.g: we lived a very frugal exis ence, avoiding all luxuries.
=> Chng ti sng mt cuc sng rt m bc, lnh xa mi th xa x
2. Thrifty c ngha: tit kim, tn tin; l t mnh hn t economical nhng hm
ngha qun l thnh cng. Thrifty l mt t tn dng, khen ngi.
E.g: The people were industrious and very thrifty.
=> Dn chng cn c v rt tn tin
3. Tt c nhng t: miserly, stingy, tight-fisted, penny-pinching v parsimonious
u c ngha: h tin, bn xn. Nhng t ny biu l s khng tn thnh.
E.g: At home she was churlish, parsimonious, and unloving to her chirldren.
=> nh b y l ngi cu knh, bn xn v khng thng yu g tr con
_Penny-pinching l t thng dng ca cc nh bo v nhng ngi hng bin.
E.g: He said the government's penny-pinching policies were causing loss of life.
=> ng y ni l nhng chnh sch bn xn ca chnh ph gy ra thit hi v
nhn mng
FUN v FUNNY:
L hai t lin quan n s thch th, vui thch, tr vui, v thnh thong b dng ln
ln.
1. Fun c ngha: tr vui, ngun vui, s thch th, thng c dng din t mt
ngi, mt vt ang hi lng, vui a. Fun l danh t khng m c v thng
theo sau ng t " to be " v cc ng t lin kt khc (become, get, seem, look...).
E.g: Her birthday party was fun, wasn't it ?
=> Tic sinh nht ca c y vui, phi khng ?
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Trong cu ny, ta khng ni " her birthday party was

funny...? "
_Trong m thoi, ngi M thnh thong dng fun nh mt tnh t.
E.g: This is an excellent tool for learning and practicing English in a fun way.
=> y l mt cng c tuyt vi hc v thc hnh Anh ng bng mt phng
cch vui nhn
2. Funny c ngha: lm cho vui thch, gy ci.
E.g: She told funny stories.
=> C y k nhiu chuyn ci
_Funny cn c ngha: l lng, xa l, khc thng, c bit.
E.g: He is got a funny way of talking today.
=> Hm nay anh ta c cch ni khc l
G
GAS v PETROL:
_Gas l cht kh,kh t, ga; tc l cht kh hay hn hp cc cht kh dng nu
nng, si m hay thp sng.
E.g: Is your central heating gas or elactriccity ?
=> H thng ca bn dng ga hay in ?
_Ngi M dng gas hay thnh thong gasoline ch xng du, tc nhin liu
dng chy my, dng cho cc ng c t trong.
E.g: I am sorry, I'm late. I had to stop for gas.
=> Ti xin li n tr. Ti phi ngng li xng).==
_Ngi Anh gi xng du l petrol.
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GAZE, STARE v GAPE:

u l nhng ng t m t ci nhn chm chm, nhn m m v ko di.
1. Gaze l nhn mt cch chm ch, tp trung vo mt ci g, c bit l vi v thn
phc, hiu k.
E.g: It' s not just men who gaze longingly at Dorothy.
=> Khng ch c my ng mi nhn Dorothy mt cch thm thung
2. Stare dng din t mt ci nhn chm hm v b sc, kinh ngc, ngy ngi ra
vi cp mt m to. Stare cng m ch ci nhn bt lch s, tr mt nhn.
E.g: She continued to stare at me, possibly because she wanted to be intimidating.
=> C y tip tc trng mt nhn ti,c l c ta mun hm da
3. Gape l h hc mm m nhn, thng l do ngc nhin v qu ma, cha tng
bit n.
E.g: What are you gaping at ?
=> Cu ang nhn ci g ma h hc mm ra th ?
GENTLY v POLITELY:
_Gently c ngha: mt cch nh nhng, t tn.
Nu ta lm mt vic g gently th c ngha l ta tin hnh mt cch cn thn, nh
nhng, trnh gy thit hi hoc phin phc cho ngi khc hay vt khc.
E.g: He shook her gently, and she opened her eyes
=> Anh ta lc lc c y mt cch nh nhng v c ta m mt ra
_Nhng ta khng dng gently ni rng, mt ai i x tt, c cch x s hp
l, m ta dng t politely vi ngha: lch s, l .
E.g: He talked so politely and danced so beautifully.
=> Anh y ni nng lch s v nhy th qu p
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GEOGRAPHIC v GEOGRAPHICAL:
L hai tnh t cp ti nhng g lin quan hay thuc v a l.
_Geographical thng dng hn, nh khi ta ni " geographical features " (nhng c
im a l), " geographical conditions " (nhng iu kin a l),...
Mt khu vc a l thng c quyt nh do nhng iu kin, nhng c im
vt cht, a hnh hn l do a hnh hnh chnh hoc chnh tr.
E.g: The country stretches over four different geographical areas.
=> t nc tri di ra 4 khu vc a l khc bit
_Geographic v geographical thng nm trong tn ca cc t chc, c quan hay
nhng tp ch lin quan nh " National Geographic ", " National Geographic
Adventure ",...
Note:
_Khi ta mun cp ti nhng g lin quan n vic dy hc mn a l, ta dng
geography ng trc mt danh t khc ch khng dng tnh t geographic hay
geographical .
GET v GOTTEN:
_Get l mt trong nhng ng t quan trng trong ting Anh, get thng dng vi
rt nhiu ngha vi rt nhiu cch dng khc nhau.
Get l ng t bt quy tc ( get-got-got ).
_ y ta cn lu l, vi ngi Anh v ngi M - trong vn vit trang trng th phn t qu kh ca get lun l got. Tuy nhin trong m thoi, rt nhiu ngi
M a dng gotten lm phn t qu kh cho get.
_Gotten c dng vi ngha: nhn c, t c, tr nn.
E.g: They could have gotten $4,000 for their old car.
=> H c th nhn 4, 000 la cho chic c ca xe h.
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_Tht ra c hai hnh thc qu kh phn t get v gotten

u c s dng t th k th 17, nhng Anh, got dn dn
chim lnh trong khi khu vc bc M, gotten c a chung hn trong mt s
cu trc v got trong nhng cu trc khc. Hin nay trong m thoi, c dn bc
M dng c gotten ln got mt cch t do.
GIRL v YOUNG WOMAN:
1. Girl l danh t c ngha: c gi, con gi; m ch mt a b, mt thiu nin,
thanh nin thuc phi n.
Girl cng dng ch nhng ph n tr, tui t 30 tr li, thng l cha chng.
E.g: She is the new girl in this office.
=> C y l ngi ph n mi trong c quan ny
" Little girl " c ngha: c b, dng cp n nhng b gi khong t 10 tui
tr li.
E.g: His sister is a very well behaved little girl.
=> Em gi anh y l mt c b c hnh kim rt tt
2. Nhiu ph n tr rt ght b gi l girl . Thay vo h mun l woman. Trong
vn vit trang trng, ngi ta thng dng young woman thay th cho girl.
E.g: Did you tell her that this young woman is looking for a job ?
=> Anh ni vi ch y l ngi ph n tr ny ang kim vic lm khng ?
_ M, gii tr thnh thong dng female khi cp n nhng ph n tr.
GLAD v HAPPY:
L hai t cp n s hi lng, a thch.
_Glad ng ngha vi pleased. Nu ta glad v mt vic g tc l ta cm thy hoc
th hin s tha mn, vui thch v vic .
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E.g: I'm glad to hear she is feeling better.

=> Ti mng hay tin c y hn
_Tuy nhin, ta khng dng glad trc mt danh t. Thay vo l tnh t happy
nh khi ni " a happy woman " (mt ph n hnh phc), " a happy scene " (mt
cnh vui sng),...
_Ta cng khng dng glad din t trng thi tinh thn ca mt ai ti mt thi
im c bit no trong cuc i ca h.
_Nu mun ni ai l mn nguyn, hi lng v vui th vi cuc sng th ta ta ni
l " They are happy " (H hnh phc) ch khng phi l " They are glad " .
GOODS v POSSESSIONS:
_Goods l danh t s nhiu, c ngha: hng ha, ti sn, ng sn. Ta khng dng
mo t " a " trc goods v phi dng hnh thc s nhiu ca ng t i theo sau
goods.
E.g: All goods are held in common.
=> Tt c hng ha c gi chung mt ch
_Possessions l ti sn, vt s hu. Khi cp n ti sn ca mt ai, ta khng ni
" their goods " m ni " their possessions " (ti sn).
E.g: We lost all our possessions in the fire.
=> Chng ti mt ht ti sn trong v ha hon
GROW UP v BRING UP:
_Grow up c ngha, ln ln, trng thnh.
Khi mt ngi hay ng vt grow up th c ngha l ngi hay vt chuyn dn
t nh thnh ln ln, t th u n trng thnh. Grow l ng t bt quy tc
(grow-grew-grown).
E.g: When I grow up, I want to be a lawyer.
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=> Khi ln ln, ti mun mnh l mt lut s

Cn thn trng trnh nhm ln gia grow up vi bring up.
_Bring up l nui nng, dy d. Th d nh khi ta bring up mt a tr, tc l ta
nui nng, chm sc n cho n khi khn ln.
E.g: Her mother died when she was a baby, and she was brought up by her aunt.
=> M c y mt lc c cn b v c c mt ngi d nui nng
H
HABIT, CUSTOM v PRACTICE:
L nhng danh t ni v tp qun, thi quen; tc nhng g ngi ta thng lm m
hu nh khng cn phi suy ngh.
1. Habit ni v vic lp i lp i lp li mt hnh vi mt cch t nhin, t pht.
_Habit c bit m ch n c nhn, l nhng g m mt ngi, mt c nhn
thng xuyn lm m chng h c mt l do c bit no c.
E.g: If smoking was just a habit, then it would be easy to stop.
=> Nu ht thuc ch l mt thi quen th s d dng vt b
2. Custom c ngha: phong tc, tp qun; tc nhng g p dng cho mt cng
ng, mt x hi vo nhng hon cnh c bit hay ti mt thi im no trong
nm.
E.g: It is the custom to give gifts at New Year time.
=> Ngi ta c phong tc tng qu vo dp nm mi
3. Practice ngoi ngha chnh thc l thc tin, s rn luyn...cn c ngha: l
thng, thng l; tc nhng g lm theo thng l, thi quen. V ngha ny
practice gn vi custom nhng thng ng n nhng tp qun xu, thng l
khng hay.
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_Practice m ch mt tp hp ca nhng thi quen c

nh hoc mt tin trnh theo th t khi hnh x cng vic,
hnh vi.
E.g: It is not the practice here for women to appear on the street in shorts.
=> khng phi l l thng y khi ph n mc qun sc trn ng ph
HAIL v HALE:
L hai t ng m d ngha nn c s nhm ln khi dng hai t ny.
_Hale l danh t th c ngha: trng kin, khe mnh. Cn nu l ng t th c
ngha l: li, ko, a ai ra ta nh ta ni " to hale a man into court " (a mt
ngi ra ta).
_Hail c nhiu chc nng, thng dng l danh t v ng t ch nhng trn ma
, ri nh ma , trt xung,...nh ta ni " it is hailing " (tri ang ma )...
_Mt s v d v vic dng ln gia hai t hail v hale.
E.g.1: Albania was challenging Great Britain is competence to hail it before the
International Court of Justice.
=> Albania thch thc thm quyn ca Anh a Albania ra trc ta n cng l
quc t
E.g.2: Most young Israelis are tough, confident, hail, and hearty.
=> Hu ht thanh nin Israel do dai, t tin, khe mnh v nhit tnh
_Trong hai cu trn, thay vo v tr ca hail phi l hale.
HANGAR v HANGER:
L hai t ng m nhng d ngha.
_Hangar l nh my bay trong sn bay.
_Hanger l ci mc o, mc o.
_Do ng ngha khc bit nhau nn cc nh bin tp d dng pht hin sai lm. nh
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trong cu:
"...A variety of military buildings including jet hangers ".
_V tr ca hangers trong cu trn phi l hangars mi c ngha " ...nhiu ta nh
qun s khc nhau bao gm nhng nh my bay phn lc " .
HANGED, HANG v HUNG:
ng t hang c hai hnh thc qu kh v phn t qu kh ty theo ng ngha.
1. Khi hang c ngha: treo c, hoc l vi hnh thc thi hnh n t hnh hay l t
t, th hang l ng t bt quy tc vi qu kh v phn t qu kh l hanged.
E.g: After a long investigation and trial, he was hanged in 2005.
=> Sau mt tin trnh iu tra v x n ko di, ng y b treo c nm 2005
_Vic tranh ci v hnh thc qu kh v qu kh phn t ca hang din ra hng th
k. Theo cc nh ngn ng hc, hang pht trin t hai ng t Anh ng c ri dn
d hai hnh thc khng th thay th cho nhau, trong hnh thc hung ln lt.
_Tuy nhin ng ngha hnh hnh treo c vi hnh thc qu kh hanged c cc
phn quan a dng nn tn ti mi cho n nay. Hin nay trong vn vit v vi
ngha treo c, hanged rt thng dng.
E.g: Soldiers convicted of appalling crimes are being hung and shot.
=> Nhng binh lnh b kt n nhng ti n d man b treo c v b bn
_Hnh thc hanged cng nm trong thnh ng c vi ngha chi ra nh cht
tit m hung cha th thay th.
2. Khi hang mang ngha: treo, mc mt vt g cng nhiu ng ngha khc, th ta
dng hnh thc hung lm qu kh v qu kh phn t.
E.g: The smell of paint hung in the air.
=> mi sn l lng trong khng kh).
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HAPPEN, TAKE PLACE v OCCUR:

L ba ng t ng ngha l: xy ra, din ra, nhng cn phn bit cch dng trong
cu.
1. Happen: Hm mt vic g xy ra mt cch ngu nhin, tnh c, khng d
bo trc.
E.g. Something has happened.
=> Mt vic g din ra.
+ Happen c th dng kt hp vi 'to' ch nhng s vic din ra tnh c, khng
mong i.
E.g. If you happen to see David, ask him to give me a call.
=> Nu bn c tnh c gp David, hy ni anh y gi in cho ti.
Note: Happen khng c hnh thc b ng, thng dng sau nhng t nh:
Something, Thing, What, hoc This.
2. Take place: Hm mt s vic c nh liu trc.
E.g. The opening ceremony will take place on November 17, 2009.
=> L khai mc s din ra vo ngy 17 thng 11 nm 2009.
3. Occur: Thng c th thay th cho Happen, nhng c tnh cht trang trng hn.
E.g. Her death occured the following year.
=> Ci cht ca b ta din ra nm sau .
HARANGUE v TIRADE:
Hai t ny c ngha l: bi din thuyt, din vn, nhng ng ngha c khc nhau.
_Harangue l bi din thuyt di, li l d di, mnh lit, thng ni trc m
ng v cng c th kch ng h hnh ng.
E.g: The general was still haranguing the troops before the next battle.
=> Vin tng vn din thuyt h ho binh s trc trn chin sp ti
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_Cn tirade cng l bi din vn, din thuyt di nhng

ni dung hm ch trch, t co, khng thn thin.
E.g: He gave a tirade against smoking in the Senate.
=> ng y c mt bi din vn chng li vic ht thuc l ti thng vin
HARDLY, BARELY v SCARCELY:
1. Hardly thng dng chung vi: any, ever v tr ng t can.
Hardly any v hardly ever c ngha l: hu nh khng, him khi.
E.g.1: There is hardly any rice in the kitchen.
=> Hu nh khng cn cht go no trong nh bp
E.g.2: Mr. Smith hardly ever goes to bed before midnight.
=> ng Smith him khi ng trc na m
_Hardly i sau ng t can th c ngha: kh lm mi c.
E.g: I can hardly see the mark.
=> Ti phi kh lm ti mi c th thy c du vt
2. Barely c ngha l: ch va v thng i vi tnh t nh enough v sufficient.
E.g: They barely had time to catch the train.
=> H ch mi va th gi bt kp chuyn tu
3. Scarcely bao gm ngha ca c hardly v barely.
E.g: You can scarcely expect me to believe that.
=> Anh kh lng mong ti tin vo iu
HAVE v TAKE:
y l hai ng t thng dng trong Anh ng khi dng vi cc b ng l danh t
ni v cc hnh ng hay ba n, trong , ngi M c cch dng khc vi
ngi Anh.
1. Ni v hnh ng: Vi mt s danh t, chng ta c th dng have hoc take u
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c.
E.g.1: She have/ take her holiday in November.
=> C y s i ngh vo thng 11
E.g.2: Take/ have a look at this.
=> Hy nhn vo ci ny ny
_Khi ni v nhng hnh ng nh khi i b hay i tm, ngi M thng dng
take nh " take a swim " (i bi), " take a bath " (i tm)...trong khi ngi Anh th
li dng have nh " have a swim ", " have a bath " .
2. V cc ba n: Trong Anh ng hin i, ngi ta dng have ni v cc ba
n.
E.g.1: They had their dinner in their room.
=> H dng ba ti trong phng ca mnh
E.g.2: She has her meals at home.
=> C y dng ba nh
_Trc u thnh thong ngi ta cng dng take thay cho have khi ni v nhng
ba n, nhng hin nay, cch dng ny c xem l rt trang trng.
E.g: He always takes his meals in restaurant.
=> ng y lun dng ba nh hng
HEADMASTER v PRINCIPAL:
_ Anh, gio vin ph trch mt trng hc th c gi l headmaster (ng hiu
trng) hay headmistress (b hiu trng)
_ M, nhng danh t ny ch dng cho gio vin chu trch nhim ng u cc
trng t thc. Cn hiu trng cc trng hc loi khc th gi l principal .
_Trong khi , principal l ngi ph trch mt trng cao ng, trng chuyn
nghip.
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_Cn M, ngi chu trch nhim ng u ca mt

college th c gi l president.
HEALTHFUL v HEALTHY:
L hai t cp n sc khe.
1. Healthful c ngha: lnh mnh, c li cho sc khe.
E.g: A high nutrient-per-calorie ratio is the basic principle of every healthful diet.
=> Mt t l cao nht dinh dng/ ca-lo-ri l nguyn tc cn bn ca mi ch n
ung lnh mnh
2. Healthy c a vo s dng t gia th k th 16 v dn ln t healthful.
_Hin nay, healthy rt thng dng, ngoi ngha l lnh mnh c th thay th cho
healthful cho cu trn, healthy cn c dng rt nhiu vi ngha: khe mnh, c
sc khe tt.
E.g :Many healthy people think they don't need a physician and then have no one
to call when they fall ill.
=> Nhiu ngi khe mnh ngh rng h khng cn thy thuc, th ri n khi b
bnh khng c ai gi n nh khm
HEAP, STACK v PILE:
L nhng t vi ngha: ng, chng ln thnh ng; ng nhiu vt cht chng
ln nhau.
1. Heap thng m ch mt ng xc xch, li thi, nh khi ta ni " a heap of
rubbish " (mt ng rc ri), " a heap of books " (mt ng sch)...
E.g: Now, the building is a heap of rubble.
=> Gi y, ta nh l mt ng gch vn
2. Stack ng n mt chng, mt ng hay mt cm nhng thng l ngn np
trt t hn.
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E.g: There is a neat stack of dishes in the cupboard.

=> C mt chng a ngn np trong t
_Ngi ta cng dng stack ni v nhng n rm, ng thc, ...cht thnh
ngoi tri.
3. Pile cng ch nhng vt cht chng ln nhau, c th ngn np hoc khng.
E.g: The clothes were left in a pile on the floor.
=> o qun b li thnh mt ng trn sn nh
HEAR v LISTEN:
C hai t u c ngha l: nghe thy.
1. Hear l t thng dng ch s nhn bit m thanh bng tai, nghe mt cch
bnh thng, t nhin nh nhng m thanh, s vic g n tai chng ta, tc l nghe
khng ch ng. Hear l ng t bt quy tc (hear-heard-heard).
E.g: I heard someone layghing.
=> Ti nghe thy ting ai ci
_Listen cng l nghe, nhng nghe bng s ch , lng tai m nghe, c gng
nghe. _Listen hm s tp trung t tng.
E.g: I didn't hear the phone because I was listening to the radio.
=> Ti khng nghe ting chung in thoi v ti ang nghe radio
Note:
_Hear cng hm ch nghe, lng nghe nhng ngha ca hear nh hn listen.
_Listen v listen to: Thng thng listen thng i vi to, nhng khi khng c b
ng th ta khng dng to.
2. Hear khng dng trong cc th tin hnh,. Ta khng ni " I'm hearing..." .
din t mt ai ang nghe vo thi im ngi ta ni, chng ta dng " can hear "
. " Can hear " rt thng dng Anh.
E.g: I can hear somebody coming.
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=> Ti nghe thy ai ang n

3. Nn ch rng, listen hu ht c dng khi ni v nhng
g ang din tin. Cn khi ni v nhng g qua ri, nhng ci ton th, tng th
nh bui ha nhc, cuc ni chuyn...th ta dng hear.
E.g.1: When he arrived, I was listening to a record of the Beatles.
=> Khi anh y n, ti ang nghe a nhc ca ban Beatles
E.g.2: I one heard my friend play all the Beethoven concertos.
=> c ln ti nghe bn ti chi tt c nhng bn concerto ca Beethoven
4. Cu trc " heard + object + infinitive " c dng ni rng mt ai nghe
thy ton b s kin hay hnh ng.
E.g: I one heard him give a talk on American politics.
=> Ti tng nghe anh y ni chuyn v chnh tr nc M
_Cu trc " heard + object + -ing " dng ni rng ai nghe thy s kin hay
hnh ng khi s kin hnh ng ang din ra.
E.g: As I walked past her room. I heard her talking on the phone.
=> Khi ti ro bc ngang qua phng nng, ti nghe nng ang ni chuyn in
thoi
5. Chng ta c th dng hnh thc th ng vi hear, nhng lu l theo sau hear
phi l nguyn mu c to hay hnh thc ing.
E.g: She was never heard to say "thank you" in her life.
=> Ngi ta khng bao gi nghe b y ni ting cm n trong sut cuc i ca b
6. Hnh thc hin ti ca hear + mnh bt u bng that thng c dng
gii thiu mt mng thng tin m ai nghe c.
E.g: I hear (that) the workers are going on strike.
=> Ti bit tin rng cng nhn s nh cng.
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HIGH v TALL:
L hai tnh t u c ngha l: cao, cao. Tuy nhin, cch dng khc nhau hon
ton, cn phn bit.
1. High: c ngha l cao, nhng c bit hn v rng, b rng ca s vt.
+ o lng mt khong cch t chn ti nh ca n.
E.g.1. He has a round face with a high forehead.
=> ng y c mt khun mt trn v mt vng trn cao.
E.g.2. What's the highest mountain in the US?
=> Ngn ni cao nht M l g?
+ cao so vi mt t hoc mc nc bin mt khong no .
E.g.1. The rooms had high ceilings.
=> Nhng cn phng ny c trn nh cao.
+ Tuyt vi hn hoc tt hn bnh thng.
E.g. We had high hopes for the business.
=> Chng ti tin tng d n kinh doanh ny nht nh thnh cng.
+ Bao gm nhiu cht c bit.
E.g. Foods which are high in fat.
=> Thc n ny mang hm lng cht bo cao.
+ ng gn vi th hng, hoc mt v tr, a v no cao nht.
E.g. She has held high office under three prime ministers.
=> B y v tr B trng c ba nm ri.
+ Th hin mt gi tr no .
E.g. My highest card is ten.
=> Ga tr th cao nht ca ti l 10.
+ Th hin mt s ph chun, tn thnh, cng nhn.
E.g. She is held in very high regard by her colleagues.
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=> C ta nhn c nhiu tnh cm yu mn t ng

nghip.
+ m thanh, cht ging cao.
E.g. That note is definitely too high for me.
=> Cht ging hon ton qu cao so vi ti.
+ Thi im cao im trong mt qung thi gian.
E.g. August is the high season of summer vacation.
=> Thng tm l cao im cho k ngh h.
2. Tall: Chiu cao ca s vt cao hn nhiu so vi chiu rng ca n, cng dng
vi ngi.
E.g.1. She's tall and thin.
=> C ta cao v gy.
E.g.2. The tallest building in the world...
=> Ta cao c cao nht th gii....
Note: Lu khi dng ni chiu cao ca tr con, ta khng dng "not tall" m
dng "long"
E.g. Baby Megan McDonald was 22 inches long when she worn.
=> Baby Megan McDonald cao 22 inch khi c y mi cho i.
HIRE v RENT:
L hai t ng ngha l: thu, mn ci g, hoc ai , nhng thi gian khc nhau.
1. Hire: c ngha l thu ai , thu ci g trong thi gian ngn.
E.g.1. We hire a car from a local car agency and drove across the island.
=> Chng ti thu 1 chic xe t ca hng t a phng v li i do vng
quanh hn o ny.
2. Rent: thu ai hoc ci g trong thi gian bt k( c th dng nh Hire, nhng
cng dng trong thu thi gian di).
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E.g.1. A month's deposit may be required before you can

rent the house.
=> Ngi phi t cc tin nh trc 1 thng mi c thu nh. (Thu nh trong
thi gian di).
E.g.2. He rented a car for the weekend.
=> ng y thu mt chic xe t cho dp cui tun ny. (Thu trong thi gian
ngn).
HISTORIC v HISTORICAL:
L hai tnh t cp n nhng chuyn lin quan n lch s.
1. Historic c dng khi ni v nhng s kin ni ting hay quan trng trong lch
s, hoc nhng g c xem l quan trng hn tng lai.
E.g: On may 10, 1973, in a historic decision, the House voted 219 to 188 to stop
the Defense Department from spending any more money on the war in Vietnam.
=> Vo ngy 10.5.1973 , trong mt quyt nh lch s, h vin b phiu vi t l
219/188 chm dt vic b quc phng chi tiu thm bt c khon tin no cho
cuc chin Vit Nam
2. Historical m ch nhng g tng qut hn, nhng g c lin quan n s vic
trong qu kh, tn ti hoc din ra trong qu kh ch khng phi l pht hin
ca ngi vit.
_Historical cng c dng khi ni v cc tiu thuyt, phim nh... cp n
nhng nhn vt, s kin c tht trong lch s.
E.g: This is an historical survey of the United States Army in wartime.
=> y l mt nghin cu lch s ca qun i Hoa K trong thi chin).
_Historical cng xut hin trn tn hiu ca mt s c quan, t chc, lin quan n
lch s.
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_Tuy nhin, khi cp n nhng g lin quan n vic

dy v hc mn lch s, th ta dng history trc mt danh t
khc, ch khng phi l historic hay historical.
HOLIDAY v HOLIDAYS:
1. Anh, holidays (s nhiu) thng dng ch nhng " big holiday " trong nm.
Cn nhng dp khc ngi ta dng holiday (dng s t).
_Holiday v holidays l nhng ngy ngh, tc thi gian ta c php khng lm
vic hay khng i n trng. Thng thng l ngy l ca quc gia hay ngy
l ca tn gio hoc nhng k ngh ca cc trng hc.
E.g: Where are you going for your summer holidays.
=> Bn s i ngh h u
E.g: Friday ia a holiday in Muslim countries.
=> Th su l ngy ngh ti cc nc hi gio
_Ngi Anh dng cm t " on holiday " - s t- nh khi h ni " I met Helen on
holiday in Paris " (Ti gp Helen trong k ngh Paris). Trong cu ny h khng
dng " on hoc in holidays " .
2. M, holiday dng ch mt ngy m cng chng k nim mt s kin quan
trng no , c th l ngy ngh lm vic hay khng, chng hn nh "
Thanksgiving " (L t n). Mt ngy nh th Anh h gi l " bank holiday " , tc
l ngy khng phi l th by hay ch nht, m ngn hng chnh thc ng ca l
v ngy l chung.
_Khi ngi M dng holidays , h m ch k ngh cui nm bao gm c ngh l
ging sinh v nm mi.
E.g: Its look like the President and his family will be here during the Christmas
holidays.
=> C v nh Tng thng cng gia nh ng s ngh y trong k ngh ging sinh
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HOME v HOUSE:
1. Ngha n gin nht ca home l: nh, gia nh, tc l ni ta sng. Tuy nhin,
home cng dng m ch n mt thnh ph, mt vng, mt t nc ,m ta xem
l nh, qu hng.
E.g: He was born in Moscow, but he now looks on New York as his home.
=> Anh y sinh ra Moscow nhng nay th anh xem New York nh l nh ca
mnh
2. Khc vi home ng ni ta sinh sng vi y tnh cm gi gm, l cn nh
ni gn b vi mt ngi, house cng l nh, nhng ch mt cng trnh xy
dng, mt ta nh dng .
E.g: You can buy a house and hope to make your home there.
=> Bn c th mua mt cn nh v hi vng to dng gia nh mnh
Note:
_Khng bao gi t " to " trc home. Nh ta khng ni " they went to home " m
ni " they went home ".
_Khng dng bt c mo t no xen gia cm t thng dng " at home " . V d, ta
ni " Is anybody at home " ch khng ni " Is anybody at the home " .
_Ngi M thng lt b gii t " at " .
HOMEWORK v HOUSEWORK:
L hai danh t khng m c.
_Homework l bi tp nh, tc phn bi tp c giao cho hc sinh lm khi
khng trng. Ta ni " do homework " (lm bi tp nh) ch khng ni " make
homework " .
E.g: That was the room where he did his homework.
=> l ci phng, ni cu y lm bi tp ca mnh
_Cn housework l cng vic trong nh nh: dn dp, lau chi nh, nu n...
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E.g: She relied on him to do most of the housework.

=> C y cy mong vo anh ta trong hu ht cc cng vic
nh
HOPE v WISH:
C hai t u c ngha: hy vng, c mong. y, ta cp n ngha v cch
dng trong chc nng ng t ca chng.
1. Hope ni v hi vng, trng mong, cn wish biu l s hi tic - vi ngha " gi
m, phi chi " - v nhng vic lin quan n hin ti, qu kh hoc hoc tng lai.
E.g.1: I hope you'll enjoy that film.
=> Ti hi vng l anh s thch phim
E.g.2: I wish I hadn't gone to that wedding.
=> Gi m ti ng d ba tic ci
2. Khi hope hoc wish c theo sau bng mt ng t nguyn th c " to " , ng
ngha ca chng gn nhau hn.
E.g.1: David hopes to get a good job in a big city.
=> David k vng kim c vic lm tt mt thnh ph ln
E.g.2: David wishes to get a good job in a big city.
=> David c mong kim c mt vic lm tt mt thnh ph ln
_Cu trn vi hope ng anh ta c mun v c th thc hin c mong mun
nhiu hn l wish cu di, vi hm kim c vic lm ch l do may mn.
3. Sau " I hope " ta thng dng th hin ti nhng vi ngha tng lai.
E.g: I hope he likes this book.
=> Ti hi vng rng anh y s thch cun sch ny
_Trong cu ph nh ta khng dng " not " i vi hope m t " not " i vi ng
t theo sau.
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E.g: I hope my mother doesn't wake up.

=> Ti hi vng m ti khng b nh thc
_Ta cng c th dng hope cc th qu kh biu l mt yu cu lch s hay
ni v nhng hi vng khng thc t, c mong khng din ra.
E.g: I was hoping you could lend me some money.
=> Ti hi vng l anh s cho ti mn mt t tin)
4. Cu trc " wish + infinitive " c ngha l mun. y l cu trc thng dng ca
wish. Mt b ng xen vo gia wish v infinitive cng thng c s dng. Khc
vi hope, trong cu ph nh ta t " not " i vi wish.
E.g: They do not wish their names too appear in the newspaper.
=> H khng mun tn ca h xut hin trn bo
_Tuy nhin, cu trc " wish + direct object " s khng c dng nu khng c
mt infinitive theo sau. Trong trng hp ny ngi ta dng want hoc would like
thay th.
E.g: I want an appointment with the Dean.
=> Ti mun mt cuc hn gp khoa trng
_Wish rt thng dng vi mt mnh " that " theo sau.
HORRIBLE, HORRIFIC, HORRIFYING v HORRENDOUS:
u l nhng t din t s khng khip, ng s.
1. Tt c nhng t trn u c th dng din t s rt khng hi lng, rt kh
chu gy ra s kinh hong.
E.g.1: Transport is turning into a horrible political problem for the government.
=> Vic vn chuyn ang chuyn thnh mt vn chnh tr ht sc kh chu vi
chnh ph
E.g.2: The horrific images were still vivid in her mind.
=> Nhng hnh nh khng khip vn cn ln vn trong tm tr c y
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E.g.3: This is a horrifying miscarriage of justice.

=> y l mt phn quyt sai lm ht sc ng s
E.g.4: The smell is absolutery horrendous.
=> Mi v tht qu kinh khng
2. Trong m thoi, ngi dng horrible biu l s khng thch mt ngi hay
mt vic no . N c th dng ni ht nhng iu g lm cho ngi ta khng
hi lng v chn nn.
E.g: The living conditions of refugees were horrible.
=> Nhng iu kin sng ca dn t nn tht qu ti t
_Horrible cng thng c dng trc danh t nhn mnh mc ti t ca
s vic.
HOSPITAL v CLINIC:
L nhng t lin quan n bnh vin.
1. Hospital l t tng qut, thng dng nht, dng ch bnh vin, nh thng,
ni bnh nhn v ngi b thng tch c chm sc y t. Anh, khi ni n mt
ngi ang nm bnh vin, ngi ta dng cm t " in hospital " , trong khi ngi
M th ni " In the hospital ".
E.g: He broke e bone in his shoulder and spent some time in hospital/ in the
hospital.
=> Anh y b gy xng vai v phi nm vin mt thi gian
Note:
_Khi cp n hospital ng vi chc nng thnh lp ca n - tc l ni chm
sc, iu tr bnh nhn - th ta khng dng mo t " the " sau gii t.
_Cn khi cp ti bnh vin ch nh mt ta nh ging nh cc ta nh khc,
nh khi ta i bnh vin khng phi cha bnh m i thm thy thuc hay bnh
nhn th ta dng mo t xc nh " the " trc hospital.
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2. Clinic l phng khm chuyn khoa, thng l ni kt

ni vi mt trng y khoa hay l mt bnh vin tr liu cho
cc bnh nhn ngoi tr v cng l ni cho sinh vin y thc tp. Clinic cng cn c
ngha l bnh vin t nhn.
E.g: There was a clinic for prostitutes in the Philippine capital.
=> C mt phng khm chuyn khoa dnh cho cc gi im th Philippines
HUMAN v HUMANE:
C hai u lin quan n con ngi.
_Human c ngha: lin quan hoc thuc v con ngi.
E.g: The subject of the documentary is the human race.
=> Ch ca phim ti liu l chng tc loi ngi
_Humane c ngha: nhn o, nhn c, nhn vn.
E.g: Why can't they use a humane method ?
=> Ti sao h khng th s dng mt phng php nhn o ?
HUNTING v SHOOTING:
_ M, hunting c ngha l i sn th hoang d, chim mung cc loi. Vi ngi
M, l mn th thao dng sng bn chim hay nhng loi ng vt hoang d.
E.g: This is the shotgun the President used when he went deer hunting.
=> y l khu sng sn m tng thng dng khi i sn hu nai
_ Anh, hunting thng dng m ch mt cuc i sn co bng cch dng ch
sn ui, cn ngi i sn th ci nga theo sau. Cn vic bn chim v sn th
hoang d bng sng m ngi M gi l hunting th ngi Anh gi l shooting.
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ILL, SICK, VOMIT v THROW UP:

1. Anh, ill c ngha l: khng c khe. Ill thng dng trong vai tr lm v ng,
tc t sau mt ng t.
E.g: He didn't go to school yesterday because he was ill.
=> Cu y khng i h ngy hm qua v khng c khe
_Hu ht ngi Anh khng dng ill ng trc danh t, tr khi h cng dng mt
trng t i vi ill. Ngi M v ngi Scotland thnh thong dng ill trc mt
danh t m khng cn mt trng t.
_Trong vai tr thuc ng, ngi Anh thch dng sick hn . Sick cng dng m
ch mt ai khng c khe.
E.g: The President is sick.
=> Tng thng khng c khe
Note:
Khi mun din t mt ngi b bnh nhiu hn, nng hn ta khng dng " iller "
hoc " more ill " m dng " worse "
E.g: Each day David feit a little worse.
=> Mi ngy David cm thy yu hn mt cht
2. " Be sick " trong Anh ng c ngha: nn ma.
E.g: He was sick four times last night.
=> Anh y i ma bn ln trong m qua
_ng t feel dng vi sick th c ngha " bun nn " .
E.g: I feel sick . Where is the bathroom ?
=> ti cm thy bun nn, phng v sinh u vy ?
_Ngi M dng vomit thay cho be sick. Vomit l t kh trang trng, trong m
thoi, h thng dng throw up thay cho be sick.
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E.g: She began to vomit blood a few days before she

died.
=> B y bt u i ra mu mt vi ngy trc khi cht
ILLEGIBLE v UNREADABLE:
L hai tnh t d nhm ln khi dng trong cu.
1. Illegible: C ngha l kh c, khng th c c, khng gii on c.
E.g. The handwriting, though expressive, is almost illegible.
=> Bn vit tay, d din cm, hu nh khng th c c
2. Unreadable: Thiu s quan tm hay thiu s hp dn c, qu chn hay qu
kh c, khng ng c.
E.g. He issued his second unreadable treatise.
=> ng y a ra lun thuyt th hai kh c ni.
ILLNESS v DISEASE:
1. Illness c ngha: s au m, bnh hon. Tnh trng au m c th tri qua mt
thi gian di hay ngn, trm trng hay khng. Ta c th dng cc tnh t nh: long,
short, mild t trc illness.
E.g: She died at the age of 56 after a long illness.
=> B y cht tui 56 sau mt thi gian di bnh hon
2. Disease c ngha: bnh, nhng y l loi bnh c bit gy ra do vi khun hoc
do b ly nhim. disease c th truyn t ngi ny sang ngi khc.
E.g: Whooping-cough is a dangerous disease for children.
=> Ho g l mt bnh nguy him i vi tr em
_Disease cng l t tng qut ch nhng chng bnh nng v ko di.
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ILLUSION, DELUSION HALLUCINATION:

L nhng t ni v o gic, tc m ch nhng s nh la v tinh thn vi nhiu l
do v mc khc nhau.
_Delusion, illusion thnh thong c th thay th cho nhau, nhng trong hu ht cc
trng hp th khng th hon i. Illusion thng dng hn cn delusion c a
dng trong k thut.
1. Illusion c ngha o tng, tc mt hnh nh, mt nim, mt ngh sai lch;
c th ch lm va lng v thng l v hi.
E.g: All the governments of France since 1791 lived in the illusion that they had
made themselves popular.
=> Tt c cc chnh ph ca Php k t 1791 u sng trong o tng l mnh hp
vi lng dn
2. Delusion l mt khi nim sai lm v mt s vic tht s hin hu, tn ti m
khng c kh nng sa cha. Delusion gy hi, nht l i vi nhng ngi in
cung, cung tnh...
3. Cn hallucination l o gic, tc tng tng ra l nhn thy hoc nghe thy m
tht ra l khng c. Hallucination c bit nhn mnh v bnh l nh ta ni "
hallucination caused by nervous disorders..." (Nhng o gic gy ra bi nhng ri
lon v thn kinh...).
IMAGINARY v IMAGINATIVE:
Imaginary l tng tng, l nhng g khng c tht trn thc t, ch tn ti trong
u c hay trong tr tng tng ca mt ngi no .
E.g: I had an imaginary conversation with the editor-in-chief.
=> Ti c mt cuc ni chuyn tng tng vi v tng bin tp
_Cn imaginative l giu c tng tng, t ra c c tng tng.
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E.g: The course focuces on the use of children's

imaginative writing in the classroom.
=> kha hc ch trng vo vic s dng cch vit giu tr tng tng ca cc tr
em trong lp hc
IMAGINE v INCAPABLE:
1. Imagine l ng t c ngha: hnh dung, tng tng. Nu ta hnh dung v mt
tnh hung no , tc l ta ngh v tnh hung v c th tng tng ra trong
tr c mnh mt bc tranh ton din hay tng v n.
E.g: Imagine that you are in Paris.
=> Hy tng tng l bn ang Paris
_Ta khng dng nguyn mu c " to " theo sau imagine.
E.g: I couldn't imagine living with her.
=> Ti khng th hnh dung ni cuc sng vi c nng
Nu c ai hi ta mt s vic c tht hay khng, ta c th tr li " I imagine so "
m ch rng mnh ngh vic l tht.
2. Incapable c ngha: khng c kh nng lm vic g. Ta khng dng nguyn mu
c " to " sau tnh t ny, m dng cu trc " incapable of doing something "
E.g: I also let my parents run my life, but maybe that is a good idea since I'm
incapable of doing it myself.
=> Ti cng cho ba m qun l i mnh, nhng c l l mt tng hay v
ti khng th t mnh lm vic
IMMEDIATELY, THE MOMENT, THE INSTANT v THE SECOND:
1. Immediately c s dng thng thng trong vai tr lm trng t vi ngha:
tc th, ngay tc khc.
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E.g: I have to go to the hospital immediately. It is very

urgent.
=> Ti phi n bnh vin tc khc, c vic rt khn cp
_Immediately cn c ngha: gn nht, lin k, trc tip. Ta dng cc gii t nh:
above, under, opposite v behind i theo immediately m t mc rt gn .
E.g: His father had sea ed himself immediately behind me.
=> cha anh y ngi ngay st pha sau ti
2. Anh, ngi ta dng immediately trong vai tr lm lin t. H dng
immediately vi ngha: ngay khi (as soon as) din t mt vic g xy ra hoc
hon tt ngay sau khi mt vic khc xy ra.
E.g: Tell me immediately you have any news.
=> hy bo co cho ti ngay khi anh c bt c tin tc no
_Trong nhng cu nh th, ta khng dng th tng lai sau immediately. Chng
hn, ta khng ni " I will do it immediately I will arrive " m ni " I will do it
immediately I arrive " (Ti s lm vic ngay sau khi ti n).
3. C ngi Anh v ngi M u dng: the moment (that), the instant (that), the
second (that)...nh cch dng immediately lm lin t.
E.g.1: I want to see him the moment (that) he arrives.
=> Ti mun gp anh y ngay khi anh y n
E.g.2: I loved you the instant (that) I saw you.
=> Anh yu em ngay khi nhn thy em
IMMIGRATION, EMIGRATION v MIGRATION:
y l nhng t ni v vn di tr v rt d b dng ln ln.
1. Emigration, emigrate v emigrant: cp n s di tr. Nu mt ngi no
ri t nc ca mnh n sinh sng lun mt nc khc, th ngi di
c.
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E.g: She received permission to emigrate to Australia.

=> C y nhn c php di c n c
_Emigration l danh t ch s di c, tin trnh di c.
E.g: Famine and emigration made Congo the most depopulated region in Africa.
=> nn i v s di c lm cho Congo tr thnh khu vc tha tht dn c nht
chu u
_Cn ngi i d c th ngi ta gi l emigrant.
E.g: Thousand of emigrants boarded ships for South Koreo.
=> Hng ngn ngi i d c leo ln nhng con tu i Hn Quc
2. Immigration, immigrate v immigrant ch hnh ng nhp c, tc n mt nc
no sinh sng hn .
_Immigration l s nhp c v immigrant l ngi nhp c. H l emigrant khi
ang cn t nc ca mnh, nhng khi n x s mi, h c gi immigrant.
E.g: There are many illegal immigrants in the United States, canada...
=> C nhiu ngi nhp c bt hp php M, Canada...
3. Migration, migrate v migrant l nhng t ch s di chuyn t ni ny sang ni
khc sinh sng v lm vic.
_Khi mt ngi migrate th ngi tm thi di chuyn ti mt ni khc, mt
thnh ph hay mt x s khc tm vic lm tm thi.
E.g: Millions of workers have migrated to the big cities.
=> Hng triu cng nhn di c n cc thnh ph ln
_Tin trnh nh th gi l migration v nhng ngi ny c gi l migrant .
_Migrate cn c ngha l di tr khi ni v cc loi vt - nht l c loi chim - di
chuyn t ni ny sang ni khc theo ma.
E.g: Every winter these birds migrate to south Asia.
=> Mi ma ng nhng con chim ny di tr n Nam
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IMMINENT v EMINENT:
Hai t ny va khc bit ng ngha, li chng ging nhau v pht m, nhng mt
s ngi vn dng lm ln t ny qua t kia.
_Eminent c ngha: ni ting, xut chng, ni bt.
E.g: Hef father is an Eminent author.
=> Cha c y l mt tc gi ni ting
_Cn imminent c ngha: sp xy ra, n ni.
E.g: Many of us felt the destruction of the world was imminent.
=> Nhiu ngi trong chng ti c cm ngh rng s hy dit ca th gii sp
din ra
_S lm ln hai t ny c th xy ra ngi bnh thng, ch him khi qua mt
c nhng ngi bin tp.
_Cc thng k tng ghi li mt bi trc nghim, trong c mt bi lin quan n
gii quyt tnh hung vi mt ngi ph n mang thai, th cu hi li vit " the
birth is eminent " thay v vit " the birth is imminent ".
IMPERFECTION, DEFECT, BLEMISH v FLAW:
C bn t ny u ni v s thiu st, khng hon ho, khuyt im.
1. Defect l t c s dng tng qut vi ngha: khuyt im, ng s thiu st
ca mt ci g thit yu cn phi hon thin, nu khng s lm hng i.
E.g: The new digital cameras had to be withdrawn from the market because of
mechaniccal defects.
=> Nhng chic my nh k thut s phi thu hi khi th trng v nhng
khuyt im k thut
2. Imperfection c ngha: s khng hon ho, thiu st; m ch n bt c chi tit
sai lm no dn n gim gi tr ca ci ton din.
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E.g: The minor imperfection in this painting is a scratch

in the corner.
=> Khuyt im nh ca ba tranh ny l vt xc nh gc
3. Blemish l t vt, sai st b mt lm hng i din mo.
E.g: A large mole on a cheek is her blemish.
=> Mt nt rui ln trn m c y l t vt ca c y
4. Flaw l khuyt im v cht lng, l s khng hon ho trong cu trc hay bn
cht.
E.g: This diamond would be perfect but for a small flaw in its base.
=> Vin kim cng ny s hon ho nu khng c vt rn nh y
IMPLICIT v EXPLICIT:
_Explicit c ngha: r rng, thng thn, khng che giu hoc ng iu g, v
ngi hay li ni. Explicit m ch li ni r rng v thng thn.
_Cn implicit th hm nhng biu th ngm ngm, khng r rng.
E.g: You know we have an implicit understand that you are not allowed to watch
any television shows that contain explicit sex.
=> Cc cu bit l ti c s thng hiu ngm ngm rng cc cu khng c php
xem bt c chng trnh ti vi no c cha nhng mn lm tnh trng trn
IMPLY v INFER:
l hai ng t hay b dng thay th cho nhau, dng nh vy l sai ng php.
1. Imply: C ngha l ng , m ch, gi , tc ni bng, ni gi ch khng ni
thng ra.
E.g. His tone implied that his time and his patience were limited.
=> Ging ni ca ng y ng rng, thi gian v s kin nhn cu ng ta l c
gii hn.
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2. Infer: C ngha l suy lun, lun ra (t nhng s vic

hay lun c).
E.g. They infered his displeasure from his absence.
=> Do s vng m ca anh y, h suy ra s bt mn ca anh y.
IMPORTANT v SUBSTANTIAL:
u l hai tnh t ch mc quan trng, ng k.
1. Important: C ngha l h trng, quan trng.
E.g. He played an important part in natinal politics.
=> ng ta ng mt vai tr quan trng trong nn chnh tr quc gia.
2. Substantial: C ngha l quan trng, ng k, lu ch dng khi ni v s lng,
khi lng rt ln.
E.g.1. She owed a sustantial sum of money to several loan marks across the city.
=> B ta n mt khon tin ng k vi nhng ngi cho vay ct c khp thnh
ph.
E.g.2. He's spent a sustantial amount of time adding to his expertise on
international economic issue.
=> Anh y tiu tn mt thi gian ng k b sung chuyn mn ca mnh v vn
kinh t quc t.
IN ADDITION TO v IN CONNECTION WITH:

Ngha: Thm vo , ngoi ra, v cn, v cng. Trc y, mt s ngi ch trch
vic dng " in addition to " thay cho besides ch lm rm r, di dng thm cu
vn, nhng dn d. " in addition to " tr nn thng dng hn. V tr ca t ny
thng nm u cu.
E.g: In addition to the minimal requirements, contract exxtensions will likely be
considered.
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=> Bn cnh nhng yu cu ti thiu, vic gia tng thi

hn cho hp ng s c cu xt
_In connection with c ngha: lin quan ti, cp ti.
E.g: I have a few thoughts in connection with your last remarks.
=> Ti c mt vi tng lin quan ti nhng li nhn xt sau cng ca anh
_Cng nh " in addition to " v mt s cm t tng t, nhiu ngi tng ch trch
vic dng " in connection with " l di dng v h ngh s dng nhng gii t
ngn gn hn nh: about, from...Tuy nhin " in connection with " vn thng dng
hn v ch trong mt s trng hp mi c th thay th bng gii t ngn.
IN CASE, JUST IN CASE, IN WHICH CASE v IN THAT CASE:
1. Ta dng in case v just in case ni rng mt ai ang lm mt vic g v
mt v vic c bit no c th xy ra. In case v just in case c ngha : nu
nh, trong trng hp.
E.g: I am here just in case anything unusual happens.
=> Ti y trong trng hp c g bt trc xy ra
_Sau cm t in case hoc just in case, ta dng th n hoc should m khng dng
" will " hay " shall " . Ta cng khng dng chng din t mt vic g s xy ra
nh l kt qu ca s vic khc.
2. Ta ni " in which case " v " in that case " khi m ch n tnh hung nu vic
xy ra hay xy ra, trong trng hp .
E.g: I enjoy this meeting unless I have to make a speech, in which case, I'm very
anxious.
=> Ti khoi bui hp nay tr khi b buc phi pht biu, nu vy, ti rt lo lng
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INCIDENT, EVENT v OCCURRENCE:

L nhng t cp n nhng s kin xy ra.
1. Event thng l bin c, s kin quan trng, nht l nhng bin c vn lin quan
hoc l kt qu ca nhng s kin din ra trc .
E.g: The event of 1991 in USSR changed Eastern Europe.
=> Nhng bin c nm 1991 Lin X lm bin i ng u
2. Incident m ch n nhng s kin thng thng, km quan trng hn event. Ta
thng thy t ny xut hin nhiu trn bo ch, trong cc bi hay bn tin tng
thut. Incident c th l mt s kin km quan trng hn lin quan n mt s kin
hay mt lot cc s kin khc quan trng hn.
E.g: There was an incident ; some people were shot.
=> C mt s c xy ra, vi ngi b bn.
3. Occurrence cng c ngha: s c, chuyn xy ra, nhng l t chung chung,
khng m ch mt s kin c bit no v cng khng lin quan ti mt s c no
lin quan trc .
E.g: His arrival was an unexpected occurrence.
=> ng ta n y l iu bt ng
INCLUDE, COMPRISE, CONSIST OF v COMPOSE:
1. Comprise, consist of v compose u cng c ngha: bao gm, gm c. Khi ,
ta cp n mt vt, s vic bao gm nhng vt c bit, nhng thnh phn hp
thnh ci ton th.
E.g: Congress comprise/ is composed of/ consist of the House of Representatives
and the Senate.
=> Quc hi Hoa K bao gm H vin v Thng vin
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Note:
Ta khng dng cc ng t trn trong th tin hnh. Mt s
ngi thng hay dng cm t " be comprised of " nhng y l cch dng sai.
Ta cng khng dng hnh thc th ng ca " consist of ". Th d ta khng ni:
E.g: The committee is consisted of teachers and workers.
=> y ban bao gm cc gio vin v cng nhn
2. Comprise cn c ngha ca compose hay constitute , tc: hp thnh, hnh thnh.
Tuy nhin cch dng ny khng ph bin v nhiu nh vn khuyn chng ta trnh
dng).
E.g.1: Water is composed of hydrigen and oxygen.
=> Nc c to thnh t hydro v oxy
E.g.2: The following selections constituted the evening is program.
=> Nhng s chn lc sau y hp thnh chng trnh ti nay
3. include cng c ngha l bao gm, nhng m ch " k c ", tc xem nh b
phn ca ci ton th.
E.g: The package includes a book of instructions.
=> Gi hng bao gm c cun sch hng dn
INCREDULOUS v INCREDIBLE:
_Incredulous c ngha: nghi ng, hoi nghi, khng tin. Incredulous m ch s
khng tin hay khng mun tin.
E.g: He was greeted with incredulous laughters.
=> ng y c n tip bng nhng ting ci nghi hoc).
_Cn incredible l kh tin, khng th tin c.
E.g: The plot of the book is incredible.
=> Ct truyn ca cun sch kh tin c
_Ta hy so snh khi c hai tnh t xut hin cng nhau.
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E.g: The teacher was incredulous when he heard the pupil

is incredible story about the fates of the characters.
=> Gio vin nghi ng khi nghe cu chuyn kh tin ca hc sinh v s phn ca
cc nhn vt
INDEED v INDIFFERENT:
1. Indeed c ngha: ng th, thc th, qu thc.
Cu trc " very + indeed " dng nhn mnh hn.
E.g: I was very sad indeed to hear about it.
=> Ti tht s rt bun khi hay tin
_Ta cng dng indeed theo sau mt danh t nu trc danh t c " very + adj "
E.g: That is a very big elephant indeed.
=> qu tht l con voi ln
_Indeed cng dng sau ng t be hoc mt tr ng t gi mt s xc nhn
hay mt tha thun dt khot.
E.g: That is indeed remarkable !
=> tht s l mt vic phi thng
2. Indifferent c ngha: bng hong, lnh m, khng quan tm ti.
E.g: How can you be indifferent to the sufferings of the others ?
=> Lm sao bn c th th trc ni au ca ngi khc
INDIFFERENT, AMBIGUOUS v AMBIVALENT:
1. Ambiguous c ngha: m h, khng r rng, kh hiu.
Nu nh thi ca ai l khng th quy vo mt trong hai cc i lp nhau th
ta ni thi ngi l lp l, kh hiu ch khng phi l c thi mu thun.
E.g: The chairman gave ann ambiguous answer.
=> V ch tch a ra cu tr li m h
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2. Ambivalent c ngha: nc i, hai chiu,tc c s

mu thun trong t tng.
Nu nh ta c cm ngh l mnh b phn tm ra hai hng i chi nhau, khng
nht qun trong mt vn no th ta ni l mnh b ambivalent.
E.g: Many of Indonesia is politicians are ambivalent about East Timor.
=> Nhiu chnh sch Indonesia mu thun trong vn ng Timor
3. Indifferent c ngha: th , dng dng. Nu nh ta chng c cht quan tm g
n vn th ta ni mnh indifferent.
E.g: I always choose partners who treat me badly or are indifferent towards me.
=> Ti lun gp phi nhng i tc i x t bc hoc c v th i vi mnh
INDIVIDUAL, PERSON v PARTY:
1. Person: L t dng chung, tng qut, kh trang trng.
E.g. I saw a person driving a red car.
=> Ti nhn thy mt ngi ang li chic xe con mu .
2. Individual: Dng nhn mnh ti c th, ring bit.
E.g. The rights of individual should not supersede the rights of a group.
=> Quyn ca mt c nhn khng th thay th cc quyn ca mt tp th.
3. Party: Thng ng n mt nhm, mt ng phi. V lut php, Party m ch
c nhn hay thc th php l trong mt v kin tng hoc ch mt mt bn trong v
kin hoc trong hp ng php l.
E.g He was a party to this contract/
=> ng y l mt bn ng s trong hp ng ny.
INDOORS v INDOOR:
_Indoors c ngha: trong nh, bn trong ta nh. Mt s vic din ra indoors
tc din ra bn trong ta nh.
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E.g: To save her life, her father kept her indoors for over
six months.
=> cu mng sng c y, cha c gi cha trong nh 6 thng tri
Cn indoor c ngha: trong nh, tc c dng bn trong ta nh , c tin hnh
hoc tn ti bn trong ta nh. Indoor c t trc danh t.
E.g: There was no hot water and no indoor toilet.
=> Chng c nc nng cng chng c phng v sinh trong nh
INDUCE, CONVINCE v PERSUADE:
Ba t ny u ng thuyt phc, xui khin ai lm vic g bng cch dng nh
hng hay tc ng n suy ngh hay hnh ng ca h.
1. Convince l lm cho ai tin tng nhng g mnh ni l s tht.
E.g: They convinced him by quoting statistics.
=> H thuyt phc anh y bng cch a ra nhng s liu thng k
2. Persuade v induce ch yu dng vi ngha chin thng mt ngi qua mt hnh
ng no .
E.g.1: It was he who persuaded her to call a doctor.
=> Chnh anh y l ngi thuyt phc c ta mi bc s).==
E.g.2: They induced him to do it.
=> Chnh h thuyt phc anh ta lm vic
3, S khc bit gia persuade v induce l: persuade s dng bin php thnh cu
hn l a ra l l, nguyn nhn, induce hm nhn mnh n s thnh cng, bt
chp bin php tin hnh l dng l l hay bng nhng ha hn.
INDUSTRIOUS v INDUSTRIAL:
1. Industrious: C ngha l cn c, chu kh, tch cc, thng dng miu t tnh
cch con ngi.
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E.g. Some people were very industrious, very hard

working.
=> Mt vi ngi rt cn c, chu kh lm vic.
2. Industrial: C ngha lin quan ti hoc thuc v cng nghip.
E.g. They have increased their industrial production in recent years.
=> H gia tng sn lng cng nghip trong nhng nm gn y.
INEDIBLE v UNEATABLE:
C hai t u c ngha l khng n c.
_Trc y mt s nh vn phn bit rng, inedible l nhng g t nhin m khng
th n cn uneatable ch nhng g khng n c l do phm cht ti t. Tuy nhin
mt s nh vn th li cho kin ngc li.
_Nhng thng k sau cho thy,hai t ny c th thay th cho nhau, ngoi tr trong
lnh vc khoa hc, inedible c a dng hn.
E.g: Prison riots are always caused by unbearable conditions - inedible food,
brutality of the guards...
=> Cc cuc ni lon trong nh t lun gy ra bi cc iu kin khng th chu
ng ni - thc phm khng n c, tnh tn c ca cc cai ngc...
INFECTIOUS v CONTAGIOUS:
Rt nhiu sch v t in lu ngi s dng ting Anh trnh dng ln ln hai t
ny. y l t dng chuyn mn nghnh y nhng dng ph thng trong cng
chng th ch cp n bnh truyn nhim.
_Contagious diseases l nhng bnh truyn nhim ly lan t ngi ny sang ngi
khc do tip xc vi ngi hay vt b bnh.
_Cn infectious diseases cng l bnh truyn nhim nhng tc nhn gy bnh l do
cc vi sinh vt.
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_Tuy nhin hai tnh t ny cn khc bit ngha: trn

lan, nh hng n ngi khc, ly lan...Trong ngha ny
contagious c th dng vi s vic thch th, d chu hay vic khng thch th,
khng d chu; Trong khi infectious hu nh lun dng vi s vic thch th, d
chu.
E.g.1: European leaders felt terrorism could become contagious.
=> Nhng nh lnh o Chu u cm nhn l ch ngha khng b c th tr nn
lan trn
E.g.2: He came back with an enthusiasm that could be infectious.
=> Anh y tr v vi s nhit tnh d ly lan
INFERIOR v INFORM:
1. Inferior khi l tnh t th c ngha: thp hn.Khi ta ni mt vt inferior so vi
mt vt khc th c ngha vt c cht lng km hn vt kia. Ta dng gii t "
to " theo sau inferior .
E.g: His photographs were inferior to those taken by David.
=> Nhng tm nh anh y chp km hn nhng tm nh m David chp
2. Inform c ngha: ni cho ai bit v vic g, ci g.
_Nu ta mun inform cho ai mt vic th ta dng gii t " of " theo sau inform.
E.g: I intended to inform them of my objections.
=> Ti d nh bo cho h bit nhng phn i ca mnh
_Ngi ta cng thng dng mnh " that " theo sau inform v thng khng
lc b " that " .
E.g: She informed the police that some money was missing.
=> C y bo cho cnh st bit rng mt s tin b mt
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INFLAMMABLE v FLAMMABLE:
Hai tnh t ny u dng ch cht d chy.
E.g: They piled up all the flammable / inflammable materials.
=> H cht thnh ng tt c nhng vt liu d chy
_Mt s t tnh t c tin t " in- " nh inflammable d gy nhm ln l c ngha
nghch li.
_Nu ta bit ngha ca flammable m khng bit ngha ca inflammable ri on
ngha th s cho rng inflammable l cht khng d gy chy c. Nhng thc t
li khc, inflammable v flammable ng ngha, cn t nghch ngha vi
flammable l non-flammable .
E.g: The fuel is recyclable, clean and non-flammable.
=> Nhin liu l cht ti ch, sch v khng d bt la
INFLATE v BLOW UP:
u c ngha: bm y, bm phng ln.
_Khi ta inflate mt vt, nh rut xe, nm hi hay kh cu chng hn, tc l ta bm
khng kh hay l hi ga vo nhng vt dng .
E.g: They used a rubber dinghy which it took half an hour to inflate.
=> H dng mt xung hi cao su phi mt na ting b cng
_Inflate l t k thut hay dng trang trng. Trong m thoi hng ngy ngi ta
thng dng blow up.
E.g: He bought his son an airbed and a pump to blow it up.
=> ng y mua cho con trai mt nm hi v ci bm bm ci nm ln
_Blow up cn nhiu ngha nh: n, bng ln, phng to...Ta cn cn c vo vn
cnh s dng n.
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INFORMATION v NEWS:
L hai t ni v tin tc, thng tin.
1. Information l danh t khng m c. Ta khng dng mo t " an " trc
information, cng khng ni " Information ations ".
_Information bao gm nhng s vic m ta c c hay nhn c do c k li,
c chia s, truyn t hoc pht hin ra. Information c th l mt m thng tin
khng lin h g nhau.
E.g: You can obtain information about trains from my secretary.
=> Bn c th ly thng tin xe la t th k ca ti
_Trong cc th t lin lc, information thng c dng cui th khi ta mun
ngi nhn nu cn thm thng tin th hy lin h.
E.g: If you need more information, please feel free to call me at the provided
telephone numbers.
=> Nu bn cn thm thng tin, xin c t nhin gi in thoi cho ti theo cc s
cung cp
2. Ta khng dng information m ch nhng tin tc, s kin mi xy ra c
ng ti ln bo ch, truyn hnh. Danh t m ta s dng l news.
E.g: They continued to broadcast up-to-date news and pictures of the earthquake.
=> H tip tc pht i nhng tin tc v hnh nh cp nht ca trn ng t
_News l thng tin, tin tc m ta cung cp cho ngi khc v mt s vic mi y
hay tnh hnh thay i gn y.
E.g: Her family has had no news of her whereabouts for months.
=> Gia nh c y chng c tin tc g v ni ca c ta trong nhiu thng nay
_News l mt danh t khng m c nn ta phi dng ng t dng s t theo
sau n.
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E.g: I've got some good news for her.

=> Ti c vi tin vui cho nng
INFORMER v INFORMANT:
_Informer c ngha:im ch vin, mt bo vin, ngi cung cp thng tin.
Informer thng c m ch ngi cung cp thng tin chng li mt ai khc c th di hnh thc do thm hay mt bo cho cnh st - nhn th lao hoc mt
c n t nhng thng tin cung cp.
E.g: He was a useful informer.
=> Anh ta l mt im ch vin hu dng
_Cn informant thng ng ngi cung cp tin tc, thng tin bnh thng, nh
cung cp tin tc cho bo gii, nh nghin cu...
E.g: The editor-in-chief did not want to reveal the identity of the informant.
=> V tng bin tp khng mun tit l danh tnh ca ngi cung cp tin tc
INGENIOUS v INGENOUS:
1. Ingenious: C ngha l ti tnh, thng minh, mu tr, danh t ca Ingenious l
Ingenuity.
E.g. It has been the blackbone of many technologies - from the ingenious methods
that built the Egyptian pyramids to modern telecommunication.
=> l trj ct ca nhiu k thut - t nhng phng php ti tnh xy nn cc
kim t thp Ai Cp cho n nhng k thut vin thng hin i.
2. Ingenuous: C ngha l ngy th, chn cht, bc trc, danh t ca n l
Ingenuousness.
E.g. He made an ingenuous and sincere statement last night.
=> ng y a ra li pht biu bc trc v chn thnh vo ti qua.
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IN FRONT OF v BEHIND:
L nhng gii t v trng t ch ni chn, v tr tng quan gia ngi v vt.
_Behind l sau, pha sau.
E.g: She stood behind the table.
=> C y ng pha sau ci bn
_In front of l trc, pha trc.
E.g: The school bus stops right in front of the library.
=> Chic xe but ch hc sinh dng ngay trc th vin
INITIATE v BEGIN:
1. Begin c ngha:bt u, xut pht, khi hnh.
E.g: Her mother started working when she was fifteen.
=> M c y bt u lm vic t khi 15 tui
_Sau begin , ta dng ng t nguyn mu c "to" hoc hnh thc "-ing".
E.g: The children began crying. Hoc: The children began to cry.
=> m tr bt u khc
2. Initiate l khi pht, bt u, khi xng...mt k hoch, mt chng trnh ln
hay bt u nghin cu mt lnh vc mi.
E.g: One of the first acts of the new President was to initiate social reforms.
=> Mt trong nhng hnh ng u tin ca tn Tng thng l khi s nhng ca
cch x hi
INJURE, HURT v WOUND:
L nhng t lin quan n s tn thng, gy thng tch.
1. Injure l ng t dng chung, tng qut, ch tt c cc loi thng tch. Injure c
ngha: lm b thng, thng l trong tai nn, thin tai hay b chn thng trong
th thao.
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E.g: The earthquake killed 10,000 people and injure over

50,000.
=> Trn ng t lm 10,000 ngi thit mng v lm hn 50,000 ngi b
thng
_Nu ai v lm tn thng thn th mnh th ta dng cm t " Injure oneself "
E.g: She is going to injure herself if she is not careful.
=> C y s t gy thng tch cho chnh mnh nu khng cn thn
_Trc t injure thng c cc trng t: badly, seriously v critically ch mc
b thng trm trng c no.
E.g: She was not badly injured after her car smashed into a truck.
=> C ta b thng khng nng lm sau khi xe c ta tng vo mt chic xe ti
2. Hurt cng m ch n ni au tinh thn nh xc phm tnh cm, nhng ch yu
ni n ci au th xc. hurt l ng t bt quy tc (hurt-hurt-hurt).
E.g: The wound still hurts him.
=> Vt thng vn cn lm anh y au
_Ta cng dng hurt lm tnh t v khi cc trng t : badly, seriously v
critically cng c t trc hurt.
E.g: Are you badly hurt ?
=> Bn c au lm khng ?
3. Wound l b thng do v kh gy ra trong cc cuc giao tranh, ng , trong
chin trn. y l nhng hnh ng c ch tm.
E.g: Two soldiers were seriously wounded in the fighting.
=> Hai qun nhn b thng nng trong cuc giao tranh
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INQUIRE, ENQUIRE v ASK:

1. Inquire v enquire c ngha: hi thm bit v iu g, vic g. Cu trc thng
dng l " Inquire about something/ somebody " . Sau hai t ta khng dng mt
b ng trc tip.
E.g: We inquired about a rumour.
=> Chng ti hi thm v mt tin n
_Chng ta c th dng inquire v enquire vi mt mnh " Wh " .
E.g: Before returning home, I enquired what kind of aircraft he had commanded.
=> Trc khi tr v nh, ti hi v loi my bay no anh y iu khin
_Trong vn vit thnh thong, inquire v enquire c dng di dng trch dn.
E.g: " What time is it ? " inquired the girl.
=> " My gi ri ? " c gi hi.
2. Inquire v enquire l nhng t kh trang trng. Trong m thoi hng ngy
ngi ta dng ask thay th. Sau ask ta c th dng hoc khng dng mt b ng
trc tip.
E.g: He asked about her work.
=> Anh y hi v cng vic ca c ta
INQUISITIVE, CURIOUS, NOSY v PRYING:
Tt c u ni v s t m, hiu k. Cc t ny dng din t mt ngi nao nc,
ho hc mun khm ph, pht hin, tm hiu iu g v i sng ca ngi khc,
hoc v mt s kin, mt tnh hung...
_Curious l mt t trung dung, khng m ch n vic chp nhn hay khng chp
nhn.
E.g: They are always so curious about my work.
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=> H lun t m nh th v cng vic ca ti

_Inquisitive ng tnh hiu k mt cch k cc, c lm sao
tha mn tnh t m ca mnh.
E.g: He was inquisitive in asking about a neighbor is habits.
=> Anh y t m hi v nhng thi quen ca mt ngi hng xm
_Nosy v prying dng biu th v s khng ng v s hiu k .
E.g.1: Who is the girl you came in with ? - Don't be so nosy.
=> C gi i vo cng vi anh l ai th ? - ng c t m nh th
E.g.2: She doesn't want them prying into her affairs.
=> C y khng mun h t m v cng vic ca c
_Prying thng i cp vi eyes: nhng con mt soi mi.
IN RELATION TO, IN RESPECT TO, WITH RESPECT TO v IN
RESPECT OF:
L nhng cm t c ngha: v, i vi, c bit ni v, lin h n.
_C bn cm t ny tng gy tranh ci v b mt s nh vn ngh thay th bng
gii t " about " vo cui th k th 19, u th k 20. Nhng theo thng k chng
vn c s dng rng ri.
_Trong s ny, " in respect to " l t thng dng nht v c ngi M dng nhiu
hn ngi Anh. " With respect to " hin c dng rng ri c Anh ln M, cn
" in respect of " c ngi Anh dng nhiu hn ngi M.
E.g: My personal point is that I would support this resolution with respect to
student rights.
=> kin c nhn ca ti s l hu thun cho gii php ny lin quan n cc
quyn ca sinh vin
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INSENSIBLE v SENSIBLE:
_Insensible c ngha: bt tnh, khng hay bit, khng cm thy, khng cm xc.
E.g: I'm not insensible how much I owe to your help.
=> Khng phi l ti khng bit mnh chu n s gip ca bn nhiu n dng
no
_Insensible khng phi l t phn ngha ca sensible. Tnh t sensible c ngha: c
c xt on, nhy bn, bit iu. Nu nh mt ngi no c cch ng x khng
tt, km hiu bit th ta khng ni ngi insensible . Trong trng hp nh th ,
ta ni h l kh kho, ng nghch.
E.g: You are a silly little boy.
=> Cu l mt thng b kh kho
INSIDE v INSIDE OF:
1. Inside: L gii t c ngha l bn trong, vo trong(ai, ci g), thng ng ring
l.
E.g. Go inside the house.
=> Hy i vo trong nh.
2. Inside of: L gii t kp, dng trong m thoi hng ngy m ch thi gian
vi ngha l trong vng.
E.g. I'll be there inside of half an hour.
=> Ti s c mt trong vng mt gi.
Note: Tuy nhin, trong vn ni v vit trang trng, ngi ta a dng 'Within'.
INSPECTION, EXAMINATION v SCRUTINY:
Examination l t c nhiu ngha, trong c ngha thng dng l xem xt, kim
tra m ngi dng ting Anh c th ln ln vi hai danh t khc l inspection
v scrutiny.
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1. Examination thng m ch n vic xem xt, kim tra

thng thng. Th d nh kim tra sc khe, kim tra h thng
vn hnh nh my...
E.g: On further examination, a defective pipe of the plumbing was found.
=> Nh kim tra thm, ngi ta pht hin mt ng b h trong h thng ng nc
2. Inspection l xem xt k, thanh tra; m ch n cc cuc thanh tra, kim tra chnh
thc mt nh my chng hn hay kim tra ti khon kinh doanh...
E.g: Iraqis wanted a better balanced mix of the U.N. inspection team.
=> Ngi Iraq mun mt s hn hp cn bng hn ca ton thanh tra Lin Hp
Quc
3. Scrutiny c ngha: xem xt k lng hay kim tra li phiu bu (trong mt cuc
bu c), ng nhng trng hp xem xt mt cch cn thn, t m.
E.g: After scrutiny by an unprecedented joint committee of both houses of
Parliament, the bill was radically revised.
=> Sau mt cuc xem xt t m ca y ban hn hp cha tng c ca lng vin
Quc hi, d lun c chnh sa mt cch cn bn
INSTANCE, CASE, EXAMPLE v ILLUSTRATION:
1. Case v instance gn ngha nhau hn, nhng case l t tng qut, thng dng.
case c ngha: mt ca, mt trng hp, mt v vic...
E.g: The World Trade Organization ruled against Kodak in its case against Fuji.
=> T chc thng mi th gii ra phn quyt bc b v hng Kodak kin hng
Fuji
_Instance c ngha: th d, trng hp, th d chng minh. Instance l mt case
thc t, c th v l bng chng gii thch cho mt v vic, mt khi nim.
E.g: This is an instance of a brawl in which an assault occurred.
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=> y l mt in hnh cho mt v ci ln dn n x

xt-mt v ci ln trong xy ra hnh hung
2. Example l mt trng hp tiu biu, c trng, rt ra t nhiu case tng t.
Example l th d dng lm r hay gii thch v mt nguyn tc hoc mt iu
g .
E.g: It is a very fine example of multiculture.
=> l mt th d rt hay ca mt nn a vn ha
3. Illustration l s minh ha.
E.g: She told the story as an illustration for this case.
=> C y k cu chuyn nh l mt minh ha cho trng hp ny
INSTEAD OF v WITHOUT:
Cn phn bit trnh dng ln ln gia hai t ny.
_Chng ta dng instead of khi mt ngi, mt vt hoc mt hnh ng thay th
cho mt ngi, vt hoc hnh ng khc.
_Cn without c dng ni rng, mt vt hoc ngi khng i cng vi ngi,
vt hay hnh ng khc.
E.g: David was invited to the wedding, but he was ill, so Michael went instead of
him.
=> David c mi d l ci nhng anh y bnh, nn Michael i thay
Trong cu ny, ta khng ni "..., so Michael went without him " .
E.g: Dorothy and Helen were invited to the wedding, but Dorothy was ill, so Helen
went without her.
=> Dorothy v Helen c mi d l ci, nhng Dorothy b bnh, nn Helen i
m khng c Dorothy
EFGHIJ
KIU TH Y TRUNG
INSURE, ENSURE v ASSURE:

1. Assure c ngha: cam oan, oan chc, bo m.
E.g: He assured me that everythhing woyld turn out well.
=> Anh y oan chc vi ti l mi chuyn s n c thi
_Thng thng sau ng t assure l mt mnh d, c hoc khng c "that"; hoc
sau assure l hai b ng: mt trc tip v mt gin tip.
2. Ensure l lm cho chc chn, bo m.
E.g: This book was enough to ensure his success.
=> Cun sch ny bo m cho s thnh cng ca anh y
_Ti M, insure c dng thay cho ensure, Ngoi ra, insure cn c ngha l ng
tin bo him. Nu ta insure bt ng sn, tc l ta ng tin cho mt cng ty bo
him no khi xy ra s c nh thin tai, ha hon...lm thit hi n ti sn
ca mnh th s c cng ty bo him bi hon.
_Tht ra trong nhiu ng cnh, assure v ensure c th thay th cho nhau. Ci c
bit l assure mun xa i nhng nghi ng, thc mc ca mt ngi no v lm
cho h bt lo lng i.
_Ta cng c th p dng theo xut ca nhiu nh ngn ng hc l: assure dng
cho ngi, ensure dng cho s vt v insure cho ti chnh, bo him.
INTENSE v INTENSIVE:
_Intense c ngha: rt mnh, rt ln, mnh lit; nh khi ta ni " intense heat "
(nng gt), " intense pain " (cn au nhc nhi)...
E.g: The situation doesn't warrant such intense anger.
=> Tnh hung khng bin minh cho s tc gin d di nh th
_Tnh t intensive c ngha: tng cng, cp tc, nhn mnh; m ch s tp trung
n lc, s dng nhiu nng lng hon thnh mt vic g trong thi gian ngn.
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KIU TH Y TRUNG
E.g: They teach us French in an intensive course lasting

just two months.
=> H dy ting Php cho chng ti trong mt kha hc cp tc ch ko di trong
hai thng
INTENTION TO v INTENTION OF:
u c ngha: nh, ph nh. im cn lu l sau intention to ta dng nguyn
mu, cn sau intention of ta phi s dng hnh thc " -ing " ca ng t hay l ca
mt cm danh t.
E.g.1: To date, four candidates have declared their intention to run for governor.
=> Cho n nay, 4 ng vin tuyn b nh ca h ra tranh c chc thng c
E.g.2: She bought a gun with the intention of killing her attackers.
=> C y mua mt khu sng vi nh git cht nhng k tn cng c
_Tuy nhin nu ta dng cm t " have no intention " th sau phi l " of + verb
+ing " ch khng ni " have no intention to " .
E.g: I have no intention of coming to this city.
=> Ti khng c nh n thnh ph ny
INTERIOR v INTERNAL:
1. Interior c ngha: bn trong, pha trong, ni tht. Interior thng ch phn bn
trong ca mt cn nh, mt building hay xe c.
E.g: Fire destroyed the interior of this theatre.
=> Ha ho ny ph hy bn trong rp ht ny
_Ngi ta cng thng dng interior nh mt tnh t khi t n trc mt danh t,
cng ni v ni tht mt ta nh hay pha bn trong ca mt chic xe.
E.g: The interior walls of this house were coated with green mould.
=> Nhng bc tng bn trong ca cn nh ny b ru xanh bao ph
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KIU TH Y TRUNG
2. Internal c ngha: bn trong, ni b. Ta dng internal

m ch phn bn trong ca tt c nhng vt khc.
E.g: A pig's internal organs match our own in size and weight.
=> Cc c quan ni tng ca mt con heo tng thch vi ni tng chng ta v kch
c v trng lng
Note:
Khi ta ni v cng vic ni b ca mt nc th ta dng " internal affairs " hoc "
domestic affairs " , nhng khi ni v b ni v th ta dng interior. Khi ta cp
n mu dch trong nc, ta dng interior trade hay internal trade u c.
INTOLERABLE v INTOLERANT:
_Intolerable c ngha: khng th chu ng ni.
E.g: These terms are intolerable for his community.
=> Nhng iu khon ny l khng th chu ng c i vi cng ng ca anh
y
_Cn intolerant l khng th dung th c, khng khoan dung c.
E.g: His campaign was quickly derailed, chiefly because most people weren't ready
to accept his intolerant fundamentalist view.
=> Cuc vn ng ca ng y nhanh chng tht bi m hu ht phn ln l v mi
ngi khng sn sng chp nhn quan im cc oan khng dung th ca ng ta
INTOXICATED, INEBRIATED, DRUNK v DRUNKEN:
1. Drunk l phn t qu kh ca ng t drink, nhng drunk cng c dng lm
tnh t vi ngha: say ri, say sa.
E.g: We 're drunk with vodka.
=> Chng ti say xn vi ri vodka
_Drunk cn l danh t vi ngha: ngi say ri, ngi nghin ri, hay mt ba
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KIU TH Y TRUNG
tic n ung lu b.
2. Drunken cng vi ngha nh drunk nhng ch dng ng
trc danh t. Ta khng ni mt ai l " be drunken ".
Drunken thng m ch n thi xu ri ch be bt, nghin ngp.
E.g: Groups of drunken hooligans smashed windshields and threw stones.
=> Nhng ton hooligan say ri p v knh xe hi v nm
3. Intoxicated & inebriated c ngha: b say ri, b ng c. Ngha bng l say
sa. y l cch ni tri, dng uyn ng.
INVALUABLE, VALUELESS v WORTHLESS:
1. Invaluable c ngha: v gi, c gi tr qu cao, rt c gi tr.
E.g: She was an invaluable source of information.
=> B y l mt ngun thng tin v cng qu gi
2. Invaluable khng phi l t phn ngha ca valuable. Mt s tnh t c cc ph
t nh tin t " in- " hoc hu t " -less " d gy nhm ln l c ngha ngc li,
ngha ph nh. Thng thng cc ph t " in- " v " -less " khi thnh lp mt t
mi th c ngha ngc li vi t gc, nhng vi invaluable th khng phi vy.
Nu ta mun ni mt vt khng c gi tr g c, th ta khng th dng invaluable ,
m phi dng cc t nghch ngha vi valuable. l: valueless v worthless.
E.g: He started collecting these paintings when they were worthless.
=> Anh y bt u su tp nhng bc tranh ny khi chng khng cn c gi tr
INVENT, DISCOVER v ORIGINATE:
C ba t u m ch vic em ra nh sng mt vic g, vic g m trc cha h
bit.
1. Discover c ngha: khm ph, pht hin; ng vic tm ra mt ci g vn trc
hin hu cho n lc discover th vn cha c hay bit. Th d " to
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KIU TH Y TRUNG
discover a new planet " (khm ph mt hnh tinh mi), "

to discover America " (tm ra chu M)...
2. Invent c ngha pht minh sng ch.
E.g.1:We discover what before existed though to us unknown, we invent what did
not before exist.
=> Chng ta khm ph ra nhng g trc y hin hu m ta khng bit; chng
ta pht minh ra nhng g m trc y cha tng hin hu).
E.g.2: Marie Curie discovered radium.
=> Marie Curie pht hin ra radium
E.g: Edison invented the phonograph.
=> Edison pht minh ra my ht
3. Discover cng cn ng n vic pht hin ra, ngh ra cch dng mi ca mt
vt bit t trc.
4. Cn originate c ngha l: bt ngun t, bt u, pht sinh, hnh thnh.
E.g: Who originated this political movement ?
=> Ai hnh thnh phong tro chnh tr ny ?
INVIGORATE, ANIMATE v STIMULATE:
C ba ng t u hm ngha: lm si ni, chn hng.
_Animate c ngha: lm cho sinh ng, to ra sc sng.
E.g: His presence animated the party.
=> S hin din ca anh y lm cho bui tic sinh ng
_Invigorate ng tip thm sinh lc, khe hn.
E.g: The effect of some oils is to invigorate.
=> Hiu qu ca vi loi du l lm cho khe hn
EFGHIJ
KIU TH Y TRUNG
_Stimulate l kch thch, khuyn khch, tc nh thc tnh

hot bt tim tng nhn mt dp no , chng han nh ta ni
"alcohol stimulates" (ri kch thch), "to stimulate his interest in physics" (khi
dy s quan tm ca anh ta v vt l).
IRRTATED, ANGRY, FURIOUS v ANNOYED:
Tt c u l tnh t m t s tc gin nhng mc khc nhau.
_Angry thng dng ni v thi hoc phn ng ca mt ngi trong mt
hon cnh c bit no .
E.g: He was still angry about the result.
=> Anh y vn cn tc gin v kt qu
_Nu mt ngi no thng xuyn "angry", at c th dng t "bad-tempered"
(xu tnh, d ni nng) m t.
E.g: Mrs. Smith is a bad-temperted young lady.
=> Smith l mt ph n tr nng tnh
_Khi mt ai qu tc gin (very angry), ta dng t "furious" m t.
E.g: They were furious about the accident.
=> H rt tc ti v tai nn
_Khi h t gin gi hn (less angry), th ta m t h "annoyed" hoc "irrtated".
E.g: The Prime Miniter looked annoyed but calm.
=> Th tng t ra hi gin nhng trn tnh
Mt ngi hi ni cu do mt vic g . Nu vic xy ra trin min, v ngi
thng hay b "irritated" nh th, ta m t ngi ny l "irritable" (d cu).
EFGHIJ
KIU TH Y TRUNG
JEOPARDY v DARE:
1. Jeopardy ng n nhng nguy c ln hoc ni v mt him ha nhng nhn
mnh n s tnh c, ngu nhin ca tnh th. Jeopardy thng i vi gii t " in "
vi ngh: lm vo nguy c.
E.g: To save his friend, he put his life in jeopardy.
=> cu bn, anh ta dt sinh mng mnh vo th him ngho
2. Dare c th c dng theo hai cch: nh mt ng t thng v nh mt ng
t tnh thi vi ngha: dm, can m.
2.1 Khi l ng t thng, dare c dng trong cu ph nh v nghi vn, theo
sau bng mt ng t nguyn mu c " to ".
E.g: He didn't dare to tell her what had happened.
=> Anh y khng dm ni li vi c ta nhng g xy ra
_Cu trc " dare + object + infinitive " dng thch thc ai lm ci g.
E.g: She dared me to spend a night in the graveyard.
=> C y thch ti tri qua mt m ngoi ngha a
2.2 Khi l ng t tnh thi, dare c dng hnh thc ph nh v nghi vn
khng c tr ng t " do " ; ngi th ba s t khng c " s ' v theo sau dare l mt
ng t nguyn mu khng " to ".
E.g: He daren't go back to look.
=> Anh y khng dm tr li nhn
JUDGMENT v JUDGEMENT:
y l hai cch vit ca cng mt t.
_Judgment v judgement l danh t c ngha: phn quyt (ca quan ta), s nhn
xt, kin (v ci g), s trng pht, xt x.
_C hai cch vit judgment v judgement c dng t nhiu th k nay v
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KIU TH Y TRUNG
c xem l tiu chun.

Ngi M th dng judgment cn ngi Anh th a dng
judgement hn. Theo thng k, t l gia t judgment v judgement m ngi M
s dng l 2/1, trong khi ngi Anh dng t judgement so vi judgment l 3/2.
JUDICIAL v JUDICIOUS:
Hai t ny c mi quan h v t nguyn v tng c dng nh nhng t ng
ngha nhiu th k trc, nay th thi khng dng na.
_Judicial ch nhng g thuc v hay lin quan ti ta n, php lut.
E.g: The French justice ministry initiated a civil suit against Tapie for defamation
after he compared judicial methods with the Gestapo's.
=> B t php ca Php khi ng mt v kin dn s kin Tapie v ti ph
bng sau khi ng ny so snh cc phng cch xt x ca nghnh t php vi
phng cch ca mt v c quc x Gestapo
_Cn judicious c ngha: sng sut, c c suy xt, ng n.
E.g: She made a judicious decision.
=> B y c mt quyt nh sng sut
_Judicial thnh thong c s dng vi ngha: c c suy xt, c kh nng ph
phn, nhng sau ny v th nhng cho judicious.
EFGHIJ
NguynMinhMn
K
Keep, hold, catch, take
- We dont want him in our team. He cant even catch a ball.
Chng ti khng mun anh ta trong i. Anh ta thm ch khng bt ni mt
qu bng.
(Khng dng *hold*)
(= take hold of a moving object: tm ly mt vt ang chuyn ng)
- We can only hope the police will catch this thief.
Chng ta ch c th hi vng l cnh st s tm c tn trm ny.
(Khng dng *keep/hold/take*)
(catch somebody stealing: bt ai ang n trm)
- Please hold the baby till I get the pram.
B h a b ti i ly ci xe y.
(Khng dng *catch*)
(= support, carry: gi, cm, b)
- I dont want the book back. You can keep it.
Ti khng mun nhn li quyn sch ny. Bn c th gi n.
(= have as your own: possess: coi nh ca ring bn, s hu)
- If you like it, take it.
Nu bn thch c gi ly.
(= remove it and have as yours: ly n lm ca mnh)
- This jug holds two litres.
Ci bnh ny cha c hai lt.
(= contains: cha ng, dng tnh)
-
Wheres my bag? Youre holding it!
Ti ca ti u? Bn ang gi n y thi!
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
(= you have it in your hands: bn c n trong tay,
dng ng)
Keep, guard
- keep: gi.
- guard: canh chng.
+ Ex: Dont throw that newspaper article away. I want to keep it. (ng
vt bi bo i. Ti mun gi li n).
Every door was guarded, and nobody could get in or out without a
pass. (Mi cnh ca u c canh gc, v khng ai c th ra vo m khng
c giy php).
Knock, bump, bang, bash

- Knock: g, p. ( ni nh vo mt vt g, gy ra m thanh r rt, dt khot.
Ngi ta c th g bo hiu s c mt ca mnh vi ngi khc)
+ Ex: Can you go to the door? Someone is knocking. (Bn c th i ra xem
ai ngoi khng? Ai ang g ca.)
- Knock c th din t mt hnh ng ngu nhin lm cho ai b au hay
lm v ci g .
+ Ex: Mind you, dont knock your head on this low bearn. (Ch ng
p u vo ci x thp ny).
- Bump: m vo. (ngha l ng phi ai, ci g mt cch ngu nhin v to
ra m thanh).
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
+ Ex: The bus bumped into the back of the car.
(Chic xe but ng vo pha sau chic xe con).
- Bang: p ( ni n c m mnh hn gy ra mt m thanh ln hn. Bang
c th l c va p biu l s gin d hoc khn cp).
+ Ex: He banged his fist on the table to emphasize his argument. (ng ta
m tay xung bn nhn mnh cho l l ca mnh).
- Bang cng c th l va p mt cch ngu nhin v gy au n.
+ Ex: She tripped and banged her knee on the desk. (C ta bc ht v p
u gi vo bn).
- Bash: p mnh (c ni p mnh lm v ci g hoc ngi no b
thng au).
+ Ex: The thieves bashed the woman over the head and she was
unconscious. ( Bn trm nn vo u ngi n b v b ta bt tnh).
Know, recognize, acknowledge, identify:

- Know: bit, hiu bit.
- Recognize: tha nhn, nhn ra
- Acknowledge: tha nhn, cng nhn
- Identify: nhn bit, nhn dng
-
You didnt recogni/e me becasue Ive grown a beard.
Cu khng nhn ra t v t ru quai nn.

(Khng dng *didnl know*, *didnt acknowledge*, *werent recognizing*)
(each dng trng thi = nhn dng bng mt)
-
The insurance company is now recognizing that our claim is justifiable.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
By gi cng ty bo him tha nhn rng yu sch
ca chng ti l chnh ng.
(dng ng = cng nhn)
- You dont know me. Ive just moved into the house next door.
Bn khng bit ti nh. Ti va mi chuyn n ngi nh bn cnh.
(Khng dng *arent knowing*)
- Do you know about this?
Cu c bit v chuyn ny khng?
(Khng dng *know for*)
- Do you know how to change a wheel on a car?
Cu c bit each thay bnh xe t khng?
(Khng dng *Do you know to change*)
(ch dng trng thi = c thng tin v)
- I acknowledge the truth of what you say.
Ti cng nhn l nhng g anh ni l.
(= admit to recognizing: th nhn nhn ra)
-
The police asked us to identify the dead woman.
Cnh st yu cu chng ti nhn dng ngi ph n cht.

(= recogni/e and say who she was: nhn ra v ni c ta l ai)
Keen to, keen on/like
- keen + to-inf thuc trng hp chung ca hu ht cc tnh t trong ting anh.
> Adj + to-inf (tr 4 tnh t: busy (with), no good, no use, worth)
- Im keen on/like cycling.
Ti ham thch p xe.
(Khng dng *It likes me the cycling*, *keen to cycling /cycle*)
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
-
I cant drive yet. but Im keen to learn.
Ti cha bit li xe, nhng ti thit tha mun hc.

(keen on + -ing = nhit tnh v mt hnh ng; keen to do = mun lm trong
tng lai)
Kernel, pip, stone
-
I grew this tree from an apple pip.
Ti trng ci cy ny t mt ci ht to.
(Khng dng *kernel*)
(= a small, soft seed found in e.g. apples and oranges: mt ht nh, mm thy
trong to, cam)
-
Stuff the lamb with rice and pine kernels.
Hy nhi tht cu bng go v nhn ht qu thng.

(a kernel the inside of a nutshell, often edible: a nut: phn bn trong ca v,
thng n c: qu hch)
-
I cracked a tooth on a cherry stone.
Ti m mt ci rng v chm phi ht qu anh o.

(qu anh o, o, liu c ht)
Killed, get killed

- Their son got killed in a road accident when he was only 18
Con trai ca h b git cht trong mt tai nn trn ng khi n mi ch 18
tui.
-
Dogs that kill sheep can be shot on sight.
Nhng con ch git cu c th b bn nu trng thy.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Kind of, type of, sort of

V ngha, nhng ch ny thng thay th c cho nhau. Ch kind l thng
dng nht, sort dng nhiu hn trong vn ni, trong khi type thy nhiu hn
trong vn vit.
"kind of" dng ch mt nhm c tnh cht tng t nhau hoc ch mt loi
xc nh v d : Today's vehicles use two kind of fuel - petrol and diesel.
Cn "type of" dng ch s a dng ca mt th, v d : type of car, type of
bread....
"sort of "ch mt nhm c cng tnh cht vi nhau, v d : We both like the
same sort of music.
Kind of, sort of, type of thng c "this hoc that" ng trc v danh t s
t theo sau.
Th d:
- His teacher does not tolerate this kind of mistake.
- She is the sort of woman who always gets what she wants.
- What type of car do you drive?
Kinds of, sorts of, types of i vi "these hoc those".
Th d:
- My teacher does not tolerate these kinds of mistakes.
- I hate those sorts of people who only care about money.
- These types of cars are expensive to run. Cars of these types are expensive
to run)
V ngha, nhng ch ny thng thay th c cho nhau. Ch kind l thng
dng nht, sort dng nhiu hn trong vn ni, trong khi type thy nhiu hn
trong vn vit.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Trong vn ni, kind of v sort of cn c dng lm
du, lm cho cu bt gay gt, lm cho thy c v lch
s hn.
Th d:
- She is kind of strange.
- This music is kind of boring.
- I sort of think we should start going home.
Nhng cch din t gin tip thng c coi l du dng v lch s hn.
Kind of v sort of nm trong nhng trng hp ny, ngi ta x dngkind of
rng ri trong vn ni, i khi c vit l kinda - y chang m ni.
Nh bn bit, trong ting Anh c mt s khc bit gia vn vit (formal
English) v vn ni (informal English). Cng nh qun o, bn phi dng cho
ng ch, bn khng mc b va ca bn xut hin mi ch. Ting Anh
ngoi i cng vy, khng phi lc no h cng ni ging y nh kiu bn hc
(formal English), tr khi h vit.
C l bn thc mc v t loi v chc nng ca kind of v sort of trong cc
cu c nhng nhm ch ny.
Khi kind of, sort of s dng kiu bnh thng, n l noun phrase.
Th d:
- What sorts of shoes do you need?.
- I don't have that kind of money.
Khi l dng informal lm du cu, ni kiu trnh i u, chc nng n l
adverb v n c th ng trc bt c ch no hoc ng cui cu.
Th d:
- It's kind of strange to see him again.
- It's cold in here, kind of.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
- I sort of like him, but I don't know why.
- It's silly, sort of, but I like a copy of that article.
Kitchen, cuisine, cooking, cookery
- They do French regional cuisine/cooking/cookery at this bistro.
qun ru nh ny nu nng theo keo Php.
(Khng dng *kitchen*)
(= a style of cooking: each nu nng; cruis-ine c v kiu each: cooking v
cookery l t bnh thng, c 2 u khng m c)
- Ive just been on a cookery course.
Ti va mi tham gia vo mt kha hc nu nng.
(Khng dng *cooking*)
(cookery ni n ngh thut nu nng)
-
Were having a new kitchen fitted.
Chng ti s cho trang b mt nh bp mi.

(= the place in a house or restaurant where the-cooking is done: mt ni trong
nh hoc tim n dng nu nng
Knock at, hit

-
He fell backwards and his head hit the door
Hn ta ng v pha sau, u p vo cnh ca.

(Khng dng *knocked (at)*)
(= struck, perhaps painfully: p phi, c th au n)
-
Someones knocking at the door.
C ai ang g ca.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
(Khng dng *is knocking the door*, *knocking to the
door*)
(c ngha lm cho c ai s ra m ca)
L
Laborious, hardworking
- labourious: kh nhc, vt v.
- hardworking: chm ch.
-
Being busy is not the same as being hardworking.
Bn rn khng phi l chm ch.

(Khng dng *laborious*)
(ngha l lm vic chm ch)
- Collating all these pages is extremely slow and laborious work.
i chiu cho ht cc trang sch ny l mt cng vic cc k chm chp v
kh nhc.
(c ngha l vic ny va chm v va t nht)
Labourer, workman
- labourer: ngi lao ng.
- workman: th.
- Our electrician is an extremely good workman.
Th in ca chng ti l mt ngi th cc tt.
(Khng dng *labourer*)
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
(= a man who does physical work involving skill ngi
lm cng vic chn tay c k nng)
-
You can always earn money as a labourer on a building site.
Lm mt lao ng chn tay cng trng xy dng, bn c th lun lun

kim c tin.
(= a person who does physical work that needs real strength ngi lm cng
vic chn tay i hi c sc lc)
Ladder, steps/stepladder
- ladder: ci thang.
- steps/stepladder: nc thang, bc thang.
- The stairs lead/The staircase leads to the attic.
Cu thang dn ti gc mi
(Khng dng *ladder*, *steps*)
- I need a ladder to get onto the roof.
Ti cn mt ci thang ln mi nh.
-
You need a small stepladder / a pair of steps to reach the top of those
cupboards.
Bn cn mt ci thang nh vi ti nc nhng chic t kia.
- Mind the step(s)!
Ch , c cc bc y!
-
Hold the ladder and put your right foot on the first rung.
Hy gi ly thang v t chn phi ln bc tahng u tin.

(thng dng hn step)
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Laid, lain, lied, lay, lie
1. Lay - c ngha l 't ' v l mt ng t cn phi
c i tng trc tip, nn bn dng 'lay' khi hnh ng tc ng ln mt i
tng khc.
Bn c th ni "He lays the book down" vi 'the book' l i tng, hoc "I
lay myself down on the floor", vi 'myself' l i tng.
>
Hin
>
Qu
ti:
Lay
kh:
Laid
>Qu kh phn t (past participle): Have/has/had + Laid

2. Lie - c ngha l 'nm', l mt Ni ng t, tc hnh ng bn t lm vi
bn thn, n khng cn c i tng.
Bn ni "I lie down on the floor", khng cn i tng no c.
>
Hin
>
Qu
ti:
Lie
kh:
Lay
> Qu kh phn t: Have/has/had + Lain

Lie - cn c ngha khc l 'ni di', mt ng t vi ngha khc hon ton, c
th qu kh v qu kh phn t l: Lied. Bn ch cn hiu ngha l khng
nhm ln vi t ny c.
Lamp, light, flash of lightning, flashlight
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
- lamp: n (l mt ci n thng c th c di ch
v ch cho nh sng trong mt vng nh, v d nh n
trn bn lm vic, n bn cnh ging ng hoc tranh nh, gng soi).
- light: l n trong nh hay trong ta nh, mun ni n ngun sng chnh
dng in thng mc vo trn nh.
- light cng c th l bt c th g pht ra hay phn chiu nh sng, v d nh
n giao thng (traffic light) hoc n t.
- flash of lightning: chp (khi tri ma).
- flashlight l n pin.
-
There was a roll of thunder and a sudden flash of lightning.
Ting sm vang rn v mt nh chp t ngt le ln.

(Khng dng *lamp*, *light*)
(lightning: danh t khng m c: tia sng trn bu tri do in gy ra)
- Where did you get that beautiful table lamp/light?
Bn kim c u ci n p th?
(= a device, often decorative and movable, which gives light mt vt sng ch
ra, thng trang tr v di chuyn c nh sng)
- Theres a light at the end of the tunnel.
C nh sng cui ng hm.
(= any source of light bt c ngn sng no)
- If youre going to be walking home late, take a flashlight with you.
Nu cu nh i b v nh mun, hy mang theo mt ci n pin.
(Ting M: ting Anh dng torch)
(Khng dng *lamp*)
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Land, country, countryside
-
Both my grandfathers worked on the land.
C ng ngoi v ng ni ti u lm ngh nng.

(on the land = cng vic ng ng)
- Many Londoners would rather live in the country.
Nhiu ngi Lun n thch sng vng nng thn hn.
(Khng dng *the countryside*, *the land*)
(the country = khu vc xa nhng th trn v thnh ph ln; the country khng
phi the countryside l i lp ca town hay city: country cng c ngha l t
nc nh trong my native country (t nc qu hng ti), ch each pht
m / k^ntri /. Khng phi /kauntri/)
- Motorways have led to the destruction of a great deal of the countryside.
Cc xa l dn ti vic ph hu nhiu vng nng thn.
- Theres a lot of beautiful countryside not far from Manchester.
Khng xa Manchester c nhiu cnh ng qu xinh p.
(Khng dng *a countryside*, *a lot of countrysides*)
(countryside: danh t khng m c = cnh ng qu)
Lard, bacon
- lard: m.
- bacon: tht heo mui hun khi.
- Its fairly unusual these days to have bacon and eggs lor breakfast.
Ngy nay ba sng n tht ln mui xng khi v trng l chuyn hi khc
thng.
(Khng dng *lard*)
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
(= salted, sometimes smoked, pork belly and back,
usually sliced thinly and fried tht lng ln p mui,
c khi xng khi, thng ct lt mng v rn ln)
- Most people cook with vegetable oil these day rather than butter or lard.
By gi hu nh ai cng nu bng du thc vy hn l b hoc m ln.
(= clarified pork fat used for cooking m ln lc dng nu nng)
Lawyer, Solicitor, Barrister, Attorney, Prosecution counsel
- Solicitors - lut s chuyn t vn lut cho khch hng v chun b ti liu v
h s php l, thng t xut hin ta
- Attorney - ting Anh M - lut s ni chung.
- Lawyer - ting Anh Anh - lut s ni chung.
- Barrister - ting Anh Anh - lut s lm vic ta n phc thm Anh
- Prosecution counsel - ngi lm vic hoc cho bang hoc cho thn ch ca
mnh.
- Khng dng Counselor trong lnh vc lut
- Solicitors l nhng lut s chuyn i t vn lut cho cc khch hng v chun
b nhng ti liu v h s php l.
+ V d:
When my husband left me, I was advised to put the matter into the hands of a
solicitor.
Khi chng ti b ti, mi ngi u khuyn ti nn cho c vn php lut
gii quyt.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Solicitors thng chuyn v mt lnh vc no . H
khng hay xut hin trc ta.
+ V d:
family law solicitor: lut s t vn lut gia nh
company law solicitor: lut s cho doanh nghip
- Attorney (ting Anh M) l t ch lut s ni chung.
+ V d:
district attorney: nhng lut s lm vic cho mt bang v thay mt bang
buc ti mt ai
defense attorney - ngi i din bo cha cho khch hng ca mnh
Nobody wanted the position of district attorney - it was poorly paid in
comparison with that of defense attorney.
Chng ai mun lm lut s buc ti, v lng ca h qu bo so vi lut s
bo cha.
- Lawyer (ting Anh Anh) c ngha tng ng vi attorney - ngi c
o to bi bn v lut t vn cng nh i din cho thn ch ca h trc
ta. H c th l lut s buc ti hay lut s bo cha.
+ V d:
The defence court case cost 560,000 in lawyers' fees alone.
Ring tin tr cho lut s mt v bo cha trn ta l 560.000 Bng Anh.
- Barrister (ting Anh Anh) l lut s lm vic cc ta n phc thm (High
Court) Anh, i din cho mt trong hai lut s, bo cha hoc lun ti:
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
+ V d:
He
was
regarded
as
an
eloquent
and
persuasive barrister and was much in demand for a period of over twenty
years.
ng ta c coi l 1 lut s c ti hng bin v thuyt phc, v vy, rt ng
khch hng tm n ng trong vng hn 20 nm qua.
- Prosecution counsel (lut s hng dn buc ti) hay defence counsel (lut
s hng dn bo cha) l nhng ngi lm vic hoc cho bang hoc cho thn
ch ca mnh.
+ V d:
The counsel for the defence argued that the case should never have been
brought to court as it relied only on circumstantial evidence.
Lut s bo cha cho rng trng hp ny ng nh khng nn a ra ta v
n ch c nhng bng chng gin tip.
Lu : Khng dng counselor trong lnh vc lut. Counselor l ngi chm

sc, ng h hay a ra khuyn nhng li khuyn cho nhng ngi cn.
+ V d:
Bnh vin thu 15 t vn vin nhm gip nhng bnh nhn trm cm.
Large, wide/broad, generous
- We cant thank you enough for your generous hospitality.
Chng ti khng bit cm n th no i vi lng hiu khch ho phng ca
cc bn.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
(Khng dng *large*)
(=open handed, freely given rng lng, ho
phng)
- Unter den Linden is a broad/wide avenue in Berlin.
Unter den Linden l mt i l rng ln Berlin.
(Khng dng *large*)
(c ngha l ni n khong each t bn ny sang bn kia)
- A large house is expensive to heat.
Mt ngi nh ln rt tn km tin cho h thng si.
(= big in scale in relation to others ln v qui m so vi cc nh khc)
Largely, greatly
- The original motorway has been greatly widened and improved.
Xa l c c m rng v c itin nhiu.
(Khng dng *largely*)
-
The managing director was largely reponsible for the collapse of the
company.
Ngi gim c iu hnh phi chu trch nhim chnh v s sp ca
cng ty.
(Khng dng *greatly*)
(= mainly, to a high degree ch yu, mc cao)
Last, latest
- Have you read Forsythes latest book?
Bn c cun sch mi nht ca Forsythe cha?
(= most recent gn y nht)
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
- Have you read Graham Greenes last book?
Bn c cun sch cui cng ca Graham Greene
cha?
(= final, the last one he ever wrote cui cng, cun sch cui cng ng ta
vit)
Last, the last
I saw her last Monday.
Ti trng thy c y th hai tun trc.
(Khng dng *the last*)
(Khng dng the trc last khi ni n im mc thi gian)
Who was the last Roman Fmperor?
Ai l Hong La m cui cng?
(= the final: as opposed to the first, the second. Etc cui cng; i lp vi the
first, the second v.v)
When was the last time you saw her?
Ln cui cng bn gp c y khi no?
(= the most recent or final: note that the last can be ambiguous gn y nht
hoc cui cng, ch rng the last c th m h, khng r rng)
Last/least, at last, at least
- After days of anxiety, at last we learnt the climbers were safe.
Sau bao ngy lo lng, cui cng chng ti bit c nhng ngi leo ni
an ton)
(= after a long period of time sau mt thi gian di)
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
-
There isnt much news about the missing climbers,
but at least we know theyre safe.

Khng c nhiu tin tc v nhng ngi leo ni b mt tch, nhng t nht
chng ti cng bit l h an ton)
(c ngha l mt iu tt trong mt tnh hung xu)
Lastly, last, last of all
- We arrived last/last of all
Cui cng chng ti ti.
(chng ta dng last, ch khng phi lastly sau ng t. He mentioned that last.
(Anh ta nu vic cui cng) He came in last. (Anh ta n cui cng).
-
At last (of all)/lastly I want to thank all my supporters.
Cui cng ti mun cm n tt c nhng ngi ng h ti.

(Khng dng *lastly of all*) (lastly c th dng c chng ta ang lit k
mt s ni tip bt u bng first(ly); last i khi c th dng c)
Late, lately
- The train arrived late.
Tu n mun.
(Khng dng *lately*)
(late l mt ph t mang ngha khng ng gi)
- I sat up to watch the late show
Ti ngi dy xem bui trnh din mun mng.
(late dng nh tnh t thng i sau ng t, thng l be: I was late (Ti b
mun) nhng c th ng trc mt s danh t ni n cc s kdin khng
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
phi ngi: a late appointment. a late night (mt cuc
hn mun, mt m khuya).
- My late uncle left me some money.
Bc ti mi qua i li cho ti mt t tin.
(c ngha l ng cht gn y).
- We havent seen you lately.
Gn y chng ti khng gp bn.
(= recently gn y)
Laugh, laugh at
- Youre very kind, to laugh when I tell a joke.
Bn tht l t t khi ti k mt chuyn ci.
You always kindly laugh at my joke.
Cu lun ci nho mt each t t trc nhng chuyn ci ca ti.
(Khng dng *laugh with*)
(= laugh to express amusement: ci biu l s thch th)
- If you go round saying things like that, everyone will laugh at you.
Nu bn i quanyh ni nhng u nh vy, mi ngi s ci nho bn y.
(= treat you as if you were foolish i x vi bn nh th bn tht ngc
nghch)
Laughter, laugh
Suddenly, I heard a loud laugh behind me.
Bt cht, ti nghe thy mt ting ci to sau lng
(Khng dng *a laughter*)
-
I could hear a lot of laughter and shouting from next door.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Ti c th nghe thy nhiu ting la ci h ht nh
bn cnh.
(Khng dng *a lot of laughters*)
-
I could hear a lot of laughs and shouts from next door.
Ti c th nghe thy nhiu ting ci v ting h ht nh bn cnh

(Laughter khng m c v ni chung chng ta thch dng *laughs*hn)
-
We all had a good laugh at the school reunion dinner.
Chng ti c mt trn ci tha thch trong ba n ti hp mt ti trng.

(Khng dng *had a laughter*)
(have a (good) laugh l mt cm t c nh)
Lavatory, washbasin, sink
- Ive put some fresh soap by the washbasin.
Ti mt bnh x phng mi cnh bn ra tay.
(Khng dng *lavatory*)
(a washbasin: mt bn ra tay thng thy nh tm)
-
There are a lot of dirty dishes in the sink.
C nhiu bt a bn trong bn ra bt a.
(mt sink thng thy trong bp)
-
The lavatorys occupied at the moment.
Nh
tiu
hin
ang
ngi.
(= loilet: trong ting Anh, mc du lavatory c th c ngha bn ra tay

trong ting M)
Leave, on leave, holiday, on holiday
-
Our neighbours have just gone (away) on holiday.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Nhng ngi hng xm ca chng ti va mi i ngh
xa
(Khng dng *for holiday*, *for holiilays*
*They are in holidays*, *They are on leave*)
- Vince is on leave from the navy.
Vince ang ngh php ngnh hi qun.
- When are you going to have/take a holiday?
Khi no th bn s ngh?
(Khng dng *do/make*)
(Bn i ngh (on holiday) khi bn khng i lm vic. bn ngh php (on leave)
khi bn c php ri mt ni m bn gi mt chc v c b nhim, c
bit trong cc lc lng v trang: on leave l each ni tt cho on leave of
absence)
Leave, let/allow
- I want to help in the kitchen, but they wont let me/they wont allow me to
Ti mun ph gip trong bp nhng h s khng ti lm vic .
(Khng dng *wont leave me*, *wont allow me*)
-
We dont let our children watch TV/allow our children to watch TV after
X oclock.
Chng ti khng cho php bn tr xem TV sau 8 gi.
(Khng dng *Iet/allow to children*)
(= permit: allow someone to is more formal than let someone + bare infinitive
: cho php: allow someone to th trnh trng hn let someone + nguyn
th khng c to)
-
Promise youll never leave me.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Hy
ha
em
khng
bao
gi
xa
anh.
(= go away from, abandon i xa khi, t b)

Leave, let go (of)
-
The dogs got hold of one of your slippers and he wont let it go/let go of
it.
Con ch ngom mt chic dp ca cu v n s khng nh ra u.
(Khng dng *leave it*mc du leave go of it, khng phi leave it go c th
dng c mt each khng kiu each)
(let go (of) = th ci g b gi)
- The dogs left your paper by the front door.
Con ch t bo ca bn ca trc y.
(= put: )
- I left them arguing among themselves.
Ti mc h tranh ci ln nhau.
(Khng dng *left them to argue*)
(c ngha l h ang tranh ci khi ti ri h)
Lecture, reading material/matter
-
Have we got enough reading material/matter for the journey?
Chng ta c ti liu c cho chuyn i cha?

(Khng dng *lecture*)
-
Some people think a lecture must have been good iIthey couldnt
understand it.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Mt s ngi cho rng mt bi ging chc hn l hay
nu h khng th hiu c.
(= a long talk on a particular subject mt bi di v mt ch c th)
- Professor Newton gave us a wonderful lecture.
Gio s Newton cho chng ti mt bi ging tuyt vi.
(Khng dng did/make a lecture*)
Less v fewer
Less c dng km vi danh t khng m c, cn fewer c dng vi
danh t m c. Less cng c th c dng vi tnh t v ph t.
- Less c dng km vi danh t khng m c, cn fewer c dng vi
danh t m c.
+ You have fewer shoes than I do.
Anh c t giy hn ti.
+There should be fewer clothes on the rack.
Nn t qun o trn gi hn.
+ Peter has fewer notions than everyone else in the class.
Peter c t kin hn nhng ngi khc trong lp.
+ Fewer of the alumni show each year in the school's annual day.
Mi nm c t hn cc cu sinh vin xut hin trong ngy hng nm ca
trng.
+ There are fewer dance performances this year in the dance festival.
Nm nay c t mn trnh din khiu v hn trong l hi khiu v.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
+ Hopefully there will be less hail this year.
Hy vng rng nm nay s c t ma .
+ We require less debt and more currency in the US market.
Chng ti cn n t hn v tin nhiu hn th trng M.
+ I am less techno savvy than Mary is.
Ti hiu bit v nhc tech no t hn Mary.
+ Spend less time sitting idly.
Hy dnh t thi gian ngi yn.
+ There was less optimism in industry, last year, than this year.
Nm ngoi c t lc quan trong ngnh cng nghip hn so vi nm nay.
- Less cng c th c dng vi tnh t v ph t.
V d:
+ I am less content in my old age.
Ti t bng lng vi ci mnh ang c hn lc v gi.
+ He walks less fast than you.
ng ta i chm hn bn.
- Less ngy cng tr nn c chp nhn trong ngn ng giao tip ting Anh,
v s dn dn thay th fewer.
Lexicon, dictionary
- Whats a gnu? -I dont know. Look it up in the dictionary.
Linh dng u b l g vy? T khng bit. tra t in xem.
(Khng dng *lexicon*).
-
The Greek English Lexicon by Liddell and Scott has never been
surpassed.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
T in Hy Lp Anh do Liddell v Scott cha c
quyn bin son no tri hn.
(dictionary l t hin i, lexicon l t c v c, c bit tin Hy Lp, La Tinh
, Rp v Do Thi)
Liberate, discharge (from)
- liberate: gii phng, tr t do.
- discharge: gii ng, cho ra, cho v.
- I was discharge from the army in 1984.
Ti c gii ng khi qun i nm 1984
(Khng dng *liberated from*)
(= officially allowed to leave: chnh thc c php ri khi)
-
When was Crete liberated following its occupation in World War II?
Crete c gii phng khi no sau khi n b chim ng trong th chin th

hai?
(Khng dng discharged)
(= set free: c th t do, dng liberate cho ni chn hn l cho ngi )
Liberty, freedom
- I never felt such freedom as when Im climbing mountains.
Cha bao gi ti cm thy khoan khoi nh th khi tro ln ni.
- Oppressed people have no choice but to fight for their liberty/freedom.
Nhng ngi b p bc khng c s la chn no khc ngoi u tranh cho
c do ca mnh.
(freedom thuc v c nhn v thng v th cht v tm l, leberty thng l
tng th, x hi v t chc).
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Librarian, bookseller
- librarian: th th.
- bookseller: ngi bn sch.
- Its hard for small booksellers to survive these days.
Nhng ngi bn sch nh ngy nay kh m sng c.
(Khng dng *librarians*)
(booksellers l ngi bn sch cc ca hng sch)
- Shes head librarian at our local library.
C y l th vin trng th vin da phng chng ti.
(librarians l ngi lm vic trong cc th vin cng cng hoc chuyn ngnh
ni ngi a c th mn sch)
Library, bookshop, bookcase

- library: th vin.
- bookshop: ca hng sch.
- bookcase: t sch.
-
I must buy a new bookcase to store all these books.
Ti phi mua mt ci gi sch mi 75ng tt c nhng sch ny.

(= furniture with shelves for storing books: vt c cc gi cha sch)
- You can buy all the besiselling titles at your local bookshop.
Bn c th mua tt c cc cun sch bn chy nht ca hng sch a
phng.
Khng dng *library*)
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
- I ve been col lecting books for years and I now haw
a large library.
Ti thu thp sch trong nhiu nm v by gi ti c mt b su tp sch
ln.
(= a collection of books: b su tp sch)
- Morrow the book from your local library.
Hy mn sch th vin ia phng bn.
Licence, license
- licence (V): giy php.
- license (N): cp giy php.
- Is your car licensed?
Xe ca bn c cp giy php cha?
(Khng dng *licenced*)
(c ngha l n c php s dng chnh thc cha?)
- You cant drive round without a licence.
Bn khng th li xe m khng c bng (giy php)
(Trong ting Anh. licence l danh t v license l dng t, trong ting M
license va l danh t va l ng t)
Lid/top, cap/top, cover
- What did I do with the cap/top of my pen?
Ti lm g vi ci np bt th ny?
(Khng dng *lid*, *cover*)
-
I cant get the lid/cap/top off this car.
Ti khng th ly ci nt khi bnh c.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
(top l phn trn c th di chuyn c ca mt vt g
mt ci hp, mt ci hp thic, mt ci bnh, mt
ci bt Cap lp gn pha trn u ca chng hn mt ci bt; lid t chung
cho nhng th chng ta dng ng bt c mt vt ng no)
- I protect my keyboard with a cover when Im not using it.
Ti y bn phm ca ti bng mt lp vi khi khng dng n.
(Khng dng *lid*, *cap*, *top*)
(cover l mt lp chng hn nh vi, nha, kim loi m hon ton che du
hoc bo nhng g bn trong)
- I like the cover of this book.
Ti thch ba cun sch ny.
(= the outer front of a book which may be hard or soft: a removable paper
cover is a dust jacket or dust wrapper: ci bn ngoi pha trc mt quyn
sch, c th cgn hoc mm, dust jacket hocdust wapper l ba bc sch ri
che bi)
Life, living
- I earned a living as a cook.
Ti kim sng bng nghg nu n.
(Khng dng *life*)
(cm t earn a living: kim sng
- What do you do for a living?
Bn lm ngh g?
(Khng dng *make*)
(c ngha nhng l mt ngh kim tin)
-
How does he make a living?
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Anh ta kim sng th no?
(Khng dng *do*)
(= earn money to live: kim tin sng)
- You seem to have a comfortable life.
Bn c v c mt cuc sng thoi mi nh.
(Khng dng *living*)
(ngha l li sng)
Lighten, lighter, get lighter
-
The evenings are getting lighter.
Cc bui ti ang sng dn.

(Khng dng *lightening*, *lightening themselves*)
- Take something out of your case to make it lighter/to lighter it.
Hy ly ci g trong vali ca anh ra cho nh bt i
- Joe has lightened his hair/made his hair lighter.
Joe nhum tc mu sng hn.
(c ngha l v mu sc)
Like, as, as if, such as
-
Please do as I say.
Xin hy lm nh ti ni.
(Khng dng *like I say*)
- Shes behaving as if shes mad.
C ta c x nh ht c ta b in.
(Khng dng *like*)
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
(as v as if l nhng lin t; like c dng c bit
trong ting M, nhng khng c chp nhn rng ri)
-
Theres no one like you.
Chng c ai nh cu c.
(Khng dng *as you*)
(= to compare with: so vi)
-
He acts like a king
Anh ta hnh ng nh mt ng vua.

(Khng dng *like king*)
(= in the same way as a king: theo each ging nh mt vua)
(like l mt gii t + tn ng; like + danh t m c; like a king: ging nh
vua; like + danh t khng m c: like lightning ging nh chp)
- Hes acting as headmaster.
ng ta ang thay quyn hiu trng.
(= taking the place of the headmaster thay th hiu trng)
-
As your lawyer. I wouldnt advise it.
L lut s ca anh l ra ti khng nn khuyn vic .

(as: gii t = vi t each l)
- Junk food such as/like fizzy drinks and hamburgers have invaded the whole
world.
Thc n nh nh nc ung c ga v ham-b-g trn ngp c th gii.
(Khng dng *junk food as jizzy drinks*)
(dng such as hoc like khi a ra cc v d)
Limit, limitation
-
Thest rules are a severe limitation on our freedom.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Nhng lut l ny hn ch nghim ngt s t do ca
chng ti.
(Khng dng *limit*)
(= a restriction: mt s hn ch v ch nhng t ghp nh speed limit, time
limit. = s gii hn)
- This word processor is quite good, but it has its limitations
Ci my ch ny kh tt nhng n c nhng hn ch ca n.
(ngha l n thc hin mt s vic gii hn)
- I wont put up with any more nonsense. Thats the limit.
T s khng chu ng bt c iu v vn no na u. Th l ht mc ri.
(Khng dng *limitation*)
(= the extreme, the end: cc , cui cng
- Ive worked to the limit at my ability.
Ti lm vic ht kh nng.
(c ngha l ti mc tt nht m ti c th, cui cng)
Liquidation, clearance sale
-
That department store is closing down and theyre having a big clearance
sale.
Ca hng tng hp s ng ca hn v h ang bn tho.
(Khng dng *liquidation*)
(c ngha l bn hng ha r dn dp chng i)
-
The company is bankrupt and is going into liquidation.
Cng ty b ph sn v ang thanh ton mi khon thi kinh doanh.

(= to be sold to meet debts: c bn thanh ton n nn)
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Little, small, short, young
-
Our flat is very small. Its a small flat.
Cn h ca ti rt nh. l mt cn h nh
(Khng dng *little*}
-
He likes to work in a little corner of his own.
Anh ta thch lm vic trong mt gc nh ca ring mnh.

(Khng dng *small*)
(small l t bnh thng ch kch c v c ngha trong mi lin h vi vt
hoc ngi khc tng t: little miu t kch c tuyt i khi n lm cho ngi
quan st phi ch ; little cng c th ng p: a little box (mt ci hp p)
hoc khng c kh nng t v: a little child: c th ni smaller (nh hn),
smallest (nh nht) nhng cc dng litter, littlest th him)
-
They specialize in clothes for short people.
H chuyn v qun o cho ngi thp.

(Khng dng *small/little*)
(= not tall: khng cao)
-
Surely shes still too young to be given the key to door.
Chc chn l c ta qu nh khng giao cha kha ca c.

(Khng dng *little/small*)
(= not old khng gi)
Little, a little
- Little + danh t khng m c: rt t, khng (c khuynh hng ph
nh)
I have little money, not enough to buy groceries.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
- A little + danh t khng m c: c mt cht,
I have a little money, enough to buy groceries

- Few + danh t m c s nhiu: rt t, khng (c tnh ph nh)
I have few books, not enough for reference reading
- A few + danh t m c s nhiu: c mt cht,
I have a few records, enough for listening.
-
lot
of
lots
of
(Informal):
Khng c s khc bit nhiu gia a lot of v lots of: c hai ch yu ng trc
danh t khng m c s t, s nhiu v trc i t. Chnh ch ng ch
khng phi lot / lots quy nh hnh thc s t / nhiu ca ng t => V vy a
lot of c dng trc ch ng s nhiu, ng t s nhiu; lots of c
dng
trc
d:
ng
lot
bn
Nhiu
+
ch
Lots
of
ca
of
us
t,
my
friends
ti
think
ng
its
want
to
emigrate.
xut
cnh.
an
election.
mun
time
for
t.
Nhiu ngi trong chng ti ngh n lc phi bu c.

+
lot
Cn
nhiu
Lots
of
time
thi
is
gian
of
needed
patience
to
hc
is
learn
language.
mt
ngn
needed,
ng.
too.
Cng cn c nhiu kin nhn.
Logical, reasonable, sensible

- logical: y logic, hp l.
- reasonable: hp l.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
- sensible: bit iu, ng n.
-
The kind of pay rise youre asking for simply
isnt reasonahle.
n gin l anh ang i hi mc tng lng khng hp l
(Khng dng *logical*, *sensible*)
(= just or fair: ng hoc hp l)
- With sensible/reasonable investment, your money will grow.
Bng vi s u t ng n, tin ca bn s tng ln.
(Khng dng *logical*)
(sensible = chc chn; reasonable = xem xt k hoc kh tt)
- Its easy to be persuaded by such a sensible /logical/reasonable argument.
Tht l d b thuyt phc bi l l hp l nh vy.
(sensible = c ngha: logical = theo cc qui lut logic: reasonable = ng
hoc hp l)
Lonely, lone, alone
-
Mrs Cartwright lives alone.
B Cartright sng mt mnh

(Khng dng *lonely*)
(= without others: khng cng nhng ngi khc; khng th dng alone trc
mt danh t)
- I dont think shes lonely. Im sure she isnt a lonely woman.
Ti khng ngh l b y c n. Ti chc b ta khng phi l mt ph n c
n.
(Khng dng *alone*)
(= sad because of being alone: bun ru v c c)
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
-
A lone rider disapeared into the sunset.
Mt k s c hnh bin vo cnh hong hn.

(Khng dng *an alone rider*, *a lonely rider*)
(= not accompanied: khng cng ai, lone tng i him v lun lun dng
trc mt danh t)
Long: (for) long, (for) a long time, much
- Jill came round this morning, but she didnt stay long.
Sng nay Jill n chi nhng c y khng lu.
(Khng dng *much*khi biu th thi gian.
(= she wasnt here long, a long time: c y khng y lu, mt thi gian
di)
- We havent seen you for a long time.
lu chng t khng gp cu.
(Khng dng *for long*, *for much time*, *a long time*)
- Im going out, but I wont be long.
Ti s i ra ngoi nhng ti s khng i lu u.
(Khng dng *for long*, *for much*)
-
Sally called yesterday, but she didnt wait (for) long.
Ngy hm qua Sally c gi in nhng c y khng i lu.

(Khng dng *for a long time/for much*) (long thng ni n mt vic g
mt bao nhiu thi gian; for long ni n mt vic g tip tc c
bao nhiu thi gian. Dng (for) a long time trong cu khng nh:
Sally stayed(for) a long time: Sally li lu; v dng for long trong cu
ph nh v cu hi: Sally didnt stay (for) long. Sally khng li lu).
- You didnt sell your car for much, did you?
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Xe t ca bn bn khng c nhiu tin lm, phi
khng?
(= for a lot of money: vi nhiu tin)
- We havent seen George much lately.
Gn y chng ti khng gp c George
(refers to opportunity, not time ni n cc c hi, khng phi thi gian)
Look
(at),
see,
watch
- See th hin hot ng th ng (passive activity), hnh nh p vo mt

chng ta khi m mt m khng c ch .
I saw a beautiful car this morning. / Sng nay ti thy mt chic xe hi p.
Did you see the rain yesterday? It was terrible. / Cu c thy ma hm qua
khng? Tht khng khip.
It's the most beautiful thing I've ever seen / l th p nht m ti tng
thy.
Can you see a cloud in the sky? / Cu c nhn thy my trn bu tri?
- Khc vi see, look li th hin hot ng ch ng (active activity). iu
c ngha l chng ta c gng hng mt v mt ci g , thng nhn
thng
trong
thi
gian
ngn.
Look
cng
dng
ra
lnh.
Look over there - That's a beautiful car / Hy nhn ng kia - l mt chic

xe hi p.
When I looked out of the window, I saw that it was raining / Khi ti nhn ra
ngoi ca s, ti thy tri ang ma.
Stop looking at me - you are making me nervous! / ng nhn em - anh ang
lm em cng thng y!
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
The way she looks at me I know she loves me. / Cch
m c y nhn ti, ti bit c y yu ti.
- Vi watch, th hin r tnh ch ng. Watch ging nh look nhng yu cu
tp trung nhiu hn, ng ngha vi vic theo di trong mt thi gian di.
Thng
tin
look,
sau
mi
watch.
I watched the beautiful car drive away / Ti thy mt chic xe p chy i

xa
I love watching football on television. / Ti thch xem bng trn truyn
hnh.
Everyone was watching me dance / Mi ngi ang nhn ti khiu v
The police decided to watch the suspected murder than arrest him
immediately/ Cnh st quyt nh theo di nghi phm hn bt hn ta ngay
lp tc.
- Dng Watch hay See khi i vi movies, concerts, TV?
- Nhn chung, see c dnh cho bui biu din ni cng cng v watchdnh
cho
vic
xem
truyn
hnh
nh.
Did you ever see Micheal Jackson live on stage? / Bn bao gi xem Micheal
Jackson biu din trn sn khu?
Last night we stayed at home and watched some films on TV / m qua chng
ti nh v xem mt vi phim trn tivi.
- Tm li see th hin tnh th ng, trong khi look v watch li th hintnh
ch ng.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Look, gaze, stare, peer, stare, gawp
- look: nhn (ni chung) hng mt vo mt vt nht
nh.
- gaze: nhn m m hng mt vo mt vt no trong mt thi gian
di. Chng ta c th hng mt vo mt ci g trong mt thi gian di m
khng nhn ci nu mt ta khng tp trung.
- state: nhn chm chm nhn ko di, c ch , c nh.
- peer: nhn ln nhn rt gn hoc k, nht l nh th khng nhn c r.
- gawp: tr mt nhn nhn ai, ci g mt cch ng ngn, mm h hc.
Lot, a lot, lots, a lot of, lots of
-
He hasnt much money.
Anh ta khng c nhiu tin.

(Khng dng *many money*)
(not much + danh t khng m c; trnh dng much + khng nh: khng
dng * He has much money*).
-
He hasnt many hooks.
Anh ta khng c nhiu sch.

(Khng dng *He has much hooks*).
(not many + danh t m c s nhiu, trnh dng many + khng nh, c
bit vi nhng danh t c th: Khng dng *He has many books ).
-
He has a lot of inomey. He has a lot of hooks.
Anh ta c rt nhiu tin. anh ta c nhiu sch.

(hoc lots of money/books trong cch ni bnh thng)
(a lot of + danh t khng m c hoc s nhiu m c, ch yu th
khng nh)
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Low, lowly
- low: thp.
- lowly: thp km.
- Low va l adj, va l adv. Khi l adj, n ch mt vt no khng ko di
ln pha trn.
+ Ex: The sun is low in the sky. (Mt tri xung thp).
- Khi l trng t, n ch mt vt mc hoc trnh hoc a v thp.
+ Ex: The simplest way to succeed in business is to buy low and sell
high. (cch n gin nht thnh cng trong kinh doanh l mua r bn t).
- Lowly: ch l adj, dng khi ni ai c cp bc hoc a v thp km. y
l mt t kh c.
+ Ex: He was lowly in status at the company. (Anh ta a v tm
thng trong cng ty).
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Number, A Number Of & The Number Of
Vi t number, ta cn ch ti cm t a number of v
the number of.
Theo thi quen c a s cc nh vn chp nhn v c s dng rng ri
th : theo sau " the number of " l ng t hnh thc s t.
The number of electricity consumers has risen by 40% in the last 20 years.
(S lng ngi tiu th in nng gia tng 40% trong vng 20 nm qua).
Cn theo sau a number of th ng t hnh thc s nhiu.
A number of problems have arisen.
(Mt s vn pht sinh).
Ngay c khi mt cu c bt u bng " There..." th a number of cng i
hi ng t s nhiu.
There are a number of telephone messages for you.
(C mt s tin nhn in thoi dnh cho anh).
Khi dng number hai trng hp ny th ta c th t large hoc small trc
number.
A large number of books have been stolen from the library.
(Mt lng ln sch th vin b nh cp).
Noticeable V Notable
Notable c ngha: ng c ch , ng k, tr danh. Mt iu g, vic g m
notable tc l u , vic quan trng hay ng ch . Notable l t kh
trang trng.
They has presented numerous productions in the studio and had many notable
successes.
(H trnh chiu nhiu tc phm trong xng phim v gt hi nhiu thnh
cng ng ch ).
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Noticeable cng c ngha ng ch nhng ngi ta
thng dng n vi ngha: d dnh nhn thy, d nhn
thy hoc n. Mt vt g c xem l noticeable khi n ln v r
rng nhn bit.
Is was noticeable that his face and arms were red and blotchy from the
scorching rays of the unyielding sun.
( D dng nhn ra l mt v tay ca anh y ty di tia nng gay gt ca
mt tri khng chu du li).
Nothing, Nothing But; Notice V Note
Nothing l i t ph nh c ngha: khng c g, chng c g.
Nothing but c dng trc mt cm danh t hoc mt nguyn mu khng
" to " vi ngha: ch, ch c.
She did nothing but complain.
(C y chng lm g m ch than phin).
Notice l thng bo, yt th ni cng cng nhm cung cp thng tin hay
a ra cc hng dn.
Did you see this notice ? Tuition is going up again.
(Bn c thy thng co ny khng ? Hc ph li tng na ).
Note c ngha: bc th ngn, li ghi chp.
She wrote him a note asking if he would come.
(C y vit cho anh chng mt l th ngn hi xem anh ta c n khng).
Not...But V Not Only...But Also
1. Not...but c ngha: khng ai l khng...
There is not one of us but wishes to help you.
(Khng ai trong s chng ti l khng mun gip bn).
Cu trc ny cng dng din t mt s tng phn.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
He was caught, not by the police, but by the mob.
(Anh ta b bt, khng phi bi cnh st m l nhm
bng ng).
2. Not only...but also c ngha: khng ch, khng nhng...m cn, dng
nhn mnh vic thm vo ci g, ngi no.
They went there not only in summer but also in winter.
(H n khng ch trong ma h m c trong ma ng na).
Not only c th c t u mnh vi hm nhn mnh.
Not only he has been late four times, he has also done no work.
(Khng nhng anh ta i tr 4 ln m cn cha lm c vic g).
Not, No One V Nobody
1. No one v nobody c ngha ging nhau: khng mt ai, khng ngi no.
Everyone wants to be a hero, but no one wants to die.
(Ai cng mun tr thnh anh hng, nhng khng mt ai mun cht).
Ta khng dng gii t " of " theo sau no one hoc nobody, khng dng thm
bt c mt t ph nh no sau no one v nobody.
2. Not ngoi vic dng hnh thnh cu ph nh, not cn c dng trong
cc cu trc khc.
Dng vi cc tnh t c ngha ph nh.
It's not impossible that he'll succeed.
(C th anh y s thnh cng).
Mun cho mt cu ph nh lch s hn hoc t nng n hn.
It doesn't really matter.
( khng tht s l vn ).
Dng vi mt nguyn mu c " to " .
She warned me not to be late.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
(B y cnh bo ti l khng c tr).
Dng not vi cc trng t nh unusually, surprisingly..
Not surprisingly, the board of directors rejected the suggestion.
(Chng c g bt ng c, Hi ng qun tr bc b xut).
Ngi ta cn dng not vi all hnh thnh ch ng ca mt cu.
Not all snakes are poisonous.
(Khng phi tt c cc loi rn u c).
No Matter V It Doesn't Matter
1. No matter c th c dng vi who, whose, what, which, where, when v
how hnh thnh nhng cm t c chc nng lin t, dng lin kt cc
mnh li vi nhau. N c ngha l: bt k ai, bt c ci g...
I'll love you no matter what you do.
(Bt k anh lm g em cng s yu anh).
Sau no matter ta dng th hin ti nhng vi ngha tng lai.
Cc lin t no matter who/what...c dng nh whoever, whatever...
Don't trust her, no matter what she says.
Don't trust her, whatever she says.
(ng tin c y cho d c ta ni g).
im khc bit l nhng mnh vi whoever, whatever...c th dng lm
ch ng hay b ng ca cc mnh khc. Cn mnh no matter khng th
dng nh th.
I'll believe whatever you say.
(Ti s tin bt k nhng g anh ni).
2. It doesn't matter who/ what...cng c ngha tng t nh no matter
who/what...
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
It doesn't matter who/ what...khng phi l mt lin t.
N c th c dng gii thiu mt cu m ch c mt
mnh duy nht, trong khi no matter khng th dng theo cch ny.
It doesn't matter what you do.
(Anh c lm g th cng chng sao).
Next V The Next
1. Next c dng khi ni v thi gian vi ngha: gn nht trong tng lai,
hoc m ch ci tip theo trong mt dy, mt lot cc s kin, a im.
Ta dng next trc cc danh t ch thi gian nh week, month, year khi ta
mun ni n nhng g s xy ra.
She is getting married next month.
(C y s ly chng trong thng ti).
Vic dng next trc tn ca ngy hoc thng rt d gy hiu lm v khng r
rng. Ta khng nn dng next m ch mt ngy trong tun m nn dng "
on " , " the coming "...trc tn ngy.
2. The next c dng din t chnh xc khong thi gian tnh t thi im
hn, ngay lc ni.
He'll make the announcement in the next two weeks.
(ng ta s a ra li tuyn b trong vng hai tun ti).
The next cn c dng trong th qu kh. Khi ta mun ni v qu kh v
mun ni rng, mt vic xy ra vo ngy hm sau ca s kin th ta c th
dng " the next day ".
She telephoned the next day and complained to the director.
(C ta gi in vo ngy hm sau v than phin vi v gim c).
The next cng c dng ng trc morning - ch khng dng trc
afternoon, evening - thay vo , ngi ta dng " the following " .
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
The next morning, as I left for the office, a letter arrived
for me.
(Sng hm sau, khi ti chun b i lm, ti nhn c mt bc th).
Note:
Ta ch dng mo t " the " trc next week, next month...khi mun din t
chnh xc khong thi gian t lc ni. Cn trong cc trng hp khc, ta u
khng dng " the "
Tuy nhin vi hai danh t decade v century th ta phi dng mo t " the " .
Modern, Recent, Contemporary V Current
1. Recent c ngha: gn y, mi xy ra, mi y.
Recent c dng m t cc s kin v khong thi gian mi gn . Ngi
ta thng thng dng recent khi cp n vt, nhng c th dng din
t mt s th nh bi bo, bc nh...hay ni v chnh quyn v m t nhn vt
vi cng vic c bit no .
Many recent composers have been less imaginative.
(Nhiu nh sng tc nhc gn y t c c tng hng).
2. Modern c ngha: ngy nay, ng thi, dng din t nhng s vt, s kin
ang tn ti, nht l khi ta mun nhn mnh n ngha l chng khc bit
vi nhng s vt cng loi trc .
Unemployment is one of the major crises of modern times.
(Tht nghip l mt trong nhng khng hong chnh ca thi i hin nay).
3. Contemporary c ngha: thuc cng mt thi, ng thi.
Many contemporary writes condemned the dictator's actions.
(Nhiu nh vn ng thi ln n cc hnh ng cu nh c ti).
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Contemporary th khng cn lin h ti ngy nay m
thng m ch ti nhng s kin tn ti trong qu
kh vo cng thi im vi s vic khc m ta cp.
4. Current c ngha: hin hnh, ang ph bin, ang lu hnh. Current ng
n s tm thi, c dng m t s vic ang tn ti nhng c th sm
chm dt hay sm thay i.
We will have to continue to raise nad spend money within the current system
until the system changes.
(Chng ta s phi tip tc huy ng v chi tiu tin bc theo h thng hin
hnh cho n khi h thng ny thay i).
Nervous, Anxious V Irritated
1. Nervous c ngha: thuc v thn kinh, nht gan, s hi, cng thng. Nu
nh mt ai nervousth c ngha l ngi y lo s, cng thng v mt iu
g sp lm hoc xy ra.
His son is nervous about starting school.
(Cu b trai con anh y cng thng v ngy u i hc).
All the actors were exceedingly nervous before performance.
(Tt c nam din vin u cng thng qu mc trc bui trnh din).
2. T anxious c nghi: lo u, bt rt. Nu ta ang lo bun v mt vic g c
th xy ra cho mt ngi thn ca mnh th ta dng anxious.
She is very anxious about her daughter's health.
(B y rt lo u v sc khe ca con gi mnh).
3. Cn irritated c ngha: bc mnh, pht cu, tc ti. Nu nh c iu g
lm phin n ta m khng th lm cho n ngng li th ta khng ni l vic
lm cho ta anxious hay nervous m lirritated.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Perhaps she was irritated by the sound of crying.
(C l b y pht cu ln v ting khc).
Negro, Negress, Colored V Black
L nhng t cp n ngi da en, nht l M.
y ta ch xt t colored theo ngha chng tc. Ngi M dng colored vi
ngha: da mu, dng ch nhng ngi khng thuc chng tc da trng, tc
m ch ti nhng ngi da en c gc gc t chu Phi. T ny b nhiu ch
trch nn hin t dng M v ch cn dng Nam Phi ch nhng ngi
thuc chng tc hn hp.
Negro c ngha: mi en, ch ngi da en gc Phi. Negress l n b hay
con gi ngi da en. C hai danh t ny cng b xem l mit th ngi da
en.
Black va l danh t v l tnh t cng c ngha ch nhng ngi da en.
Discrimination against blacks is still common.
(S phn bit i x vi ngi da en vn cn ph bin).
I was colored until I was 14, a negro until I was 21, and a black man ever
since.
(Ti l ngi " colored " ngi da mu cho n nm 14 tui, l mt negro mi
cho n nm 21 tui v l mt black man ngi da en k t ).
Need Not Or Must Not; Negligent V Negligible
1.Must not v hnh thc gin lc mustn't c dng khi ngi ni mun ai
khng c lm mt iu g .
You must not accept it.
(Anh khng c chp nhn iu ).
Cn need not v needn't hm khng c s b buc phi lm iu g.
You needn't arrive early.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
(Anh khng cn phi n sm).
2. Negligent c ngha: l nh, cu th, bt cn, khng
quan tm hoc chm sc ci g ng mc.
He was negligent in his work.
(Anh ta l nh trong cng vic ca mnh).
Cn negligible c ngha: khng ng k, khng quan trng, m ch mt ci g,
mt iu g nh nhoi, c tm quan trng khng ng k.
We can make extra copies of the document at a negligible cost.
(Chng ti c th lm thm nhiu bn sao vn kin vi chi ph khng ng
k).
Need V Necessity
C hai u cp n s cn thit, mt s thiu thn hoc i hi cn phi
c p ng.
1. Trong chc nng danh t need hm ngha mt s thnh cu, mt li ku gi
cm ng. Need l mt ng t Anh c.
Will $50 be enough for your immediate needs ?
(Liu 50 la c cho nhu cu cn thit ca bn khng ? ).
Danh t need i vi gii t " for " v " of " .
Her need for money is growing fast.
(Nhu cu tin bc ca nng tng nhanh).
2. Necessity l danh t gc La tinh, c ngha: s cn thit, tnh trng bt buc,
b buc phi lm ci g.
Necessity trang trng v khch quan hn need v mc d necessity mnh hn
need trong vic din t i hi cp thit hoc c tnh cch b buc, nhng n
li t hiu qu hn khi ku gi n lng ho tm hay xc cm ngi khc.
Water is a necessity for living things.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
(Nc l thit yu cho cc vt th).
We must all bow to necessity.
(Tt c chng ta phi thc th trc hon cnh b buc).
Nearest V Next
Nearest l ci gn nht v next l ci tip theo, k n. Nu khng nhn xt k
hai t ny rt d b dng ln.
1. Nearest dng din t ni chn, n hm ni rt gn.
If you want to see Mr. Smith, just look in the nearest restaurant.
(Nu ng mun gp ng Smith, c gh qua nh hng gn y nht).
Next c dng khi ni v thi gian vi ngha: gn nht trong tng lai, hoc
m ch n ci tip theo trong mt dy, mt lot cc s kin.
When is your next appointment ?
(Ln hn sau ca anh l vo lc no ? ).
2. Next c dng ch ni chn trong mt s cm t thng dng vi ngha:
ni gn nht.
She sat next to me on the bench.
(Nng ngi st cnh ti trn bng gh).
Near, Nearby V Close
1. Near v close c ngha: gn. Near, near to v close to dng din t mt
vt gn vi mt vt hay mt ni chn khc.
The post office is very near (to) the supermarket.
(Bu in rt gn siu th).
They owned a restaurant close to the sea.
(H s hu mt nh hng gn bin).
Vi ngha ny, near v close khng th t trc danh t trong vai tr thuc
ng m ta phi dng n tnh t nearby.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
He took his bags and tossed them into some nearby
bushes.
(Anh ta ly ti v qung chng vo ci bi gn ).
Hnh thc bc so snh cao nht ca near l nearset c th c dng ngay
trc mt danh t.
Where is the nearest hospital ?
((Bnh vin gn nht nm u ? ).
Note:
Cn phn bit nearby vi near by l trng t vi ngha: cch mt khong cch
ngn.
Do they live near by ?
(H sng gn y khng ? ).
2. Near, near to v close, close to dng vi mt ngha khc th c th ng
trc mt danh t. Nh khi chng ta din t mt vt hay ngi hu nh lm
vo tnh trng c bit. Trng hp ny, nearv near to c dng nh mt
gii t.
Her grandfather was near (to) death.
(ng ca c y hu nh sp cht).
National V Nationalist
1. National c ngha: quc gia, dn tc, dng m t nhng g thuc v quc
gia hoc c trng ca mt nc.
As you can imagine, it made front-page news in every national newspaper.
(Nh bn c th hnh dung, s vic tr thnh tin trang nht trn bo
ch ton quc).
National trong chc nng danh t c ngha: cng dn ca mt nc.
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2. Nationalist c ngha: ngi ng h ch ngha dn
tc, phong tro dn tc ch ngha.
The extreme Hungarian nationalist wanted to redraw the map to put at least a
third of Vojvodina back in hungary.
(Nhng ngi Hungary theo ch ngha dn tc cc oan mun v li bn
a t nht 1/3 vng Vojvodina tr li vi Hungary.
Nationalist rt thng dng c dng vi vai tr lm tnh t trong vai tr
thuc ng.
Nationalist leaders demanded the extension of democratic rights.
(Cc th lnh phong tro dn tc ch ngha i hi m rng cc quyn dn
ch).
Naked (adj): / nekd/ or nude (adj): / njud/
Hai t ny u c ngha: trn trung, kha thn.
Nude thin v kha thn ngh thut, thm ch h cn phn bit nude dng cho
tranh, cn nakeddng cho nh. Trong khi naked c v trn tc hn.
trung m tm th gi l naked ch khng gi l nude. Nude c v tr thc
hn, nude cng cn dng vi nhng ngi lm ngh lin quan n kha thn.
The children sawn naked in the lake.
(L tr tm trung di h).
A nude dancer is found shot in the lobby.
(Mt v cng kha thn c pht hin b bn ngoi hnh lang).
Nude v naked cn dng vi ngha l: trn tri, nhng naked thng dng hn.
Microbes are too small to be seen by the naked eyes.
(Nhng vi khun qu nh khng th nhn bng mt thng).
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NguynMinhMn
Mutual, Common V Reciprocal
Nhng tranh ci v vic s dng common v mutual
bt u t th k th 18. Nhng n ngy nay th vic dng mutual theo ngha
ca common tr nn thng dng hn. Common c ngha l tm thng.
Tuy mutual tr nn ph bin vi ngha " chung " trong vn vit v m thoi
nh th, nhng mt s ngi cho rng s dng nh th vn l cha chun v
h tm cch din t khc i, nh thay bng cm t " some of the same ".
V ngha h tng, cng cn phn bit mutual v reciprocal . Mutual cp
n s trao i tnh cm hoc hnh ng, ngha v...gia hai hoc nhiu ngi
hay vt. Cn reciprocal m ch mi quan h trong mt hnh ng, mt cm
ngh...cn bng hoc c i c li tng ng nhau.
Single parents can join self-help groups for social life and mutual help.
(Nhng ngi cha, ngi m n chic c th gia nhp cc nhm t lc
gp g v gip nhau).
They have a reciprocal agreement to fight against international terrorism.
(H k hip nh h tng chng li ch ngha khng b quc t).
Music V Musical
C hai u ni n m nhc.
Musical c ngha: thuc v hay lin quan n m nhc, nh ta ni " a musical
talent " (mt ti nng m nhc), " musical instruments " (cc nhc c), "
musical events " (nhng s kin m nhc)...
Tuy nhin ta khng gi sinh vin trng nhc l " a musical student " hay gio
vin dy nhc l " amusical teacher " m ta gi h l " a music student " v "
a music teacher " .
Sau y l nhng danh t ta dng music: business, critic, department, festival,
industry, lesson, library, room, shop, student, video v teacher.
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More V Most
More v most u c th dng lm i t, tnh t v
trng t.
1. More c dng khi cp n mt s lng ln hn, mt s lng c
thm vo, thng dng trong cp so snh v dng vi cc t b ngha.
More c dng trc mt danh t khng c mt t hn nh hoc mt tnh
t ng pha trc.
They need more time.
(H cn thm thi gian).
Chng ta c th lc b danh t sau more khi ngha ca cu r rng.
We need a few more.
(Chng ti cn thm cht t na).
More c dng vi cc t b ngha. Ta c th dng cc cm t b ngha pha
trc more.
He had no more questions.
(Anh ta khng cn cu hi no na).
Would you like some more sugar ?
(Bn c dng thm cht ng na khng ? ).
More c dng to nn cc hnh thc so snh ca cc tnh t v trng t
c hai m tit tr ln.
As you get older, you get more tolerant.
(Cng ln tui th bn cng khoan dung hn).
Next time, we will choose more carefully.
(Ln ti chng ti s chn cn thn hn).
2. Most c dng vi ngha: phn ln nht, chim a s; c s dng trong
hnh thc so snh bc cao nht v dng vi ngha " very " .
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Most dc dng trc danh t s nhiu khi danh t ny
khng c t hn nh hay tnh t s hu ng trc n.
Most students don't go to the festival.
(Hu ht sinh vin khng i d l hi).
Chng ta c th lc b danh t sau most nu ng ngha r rng.
Some students had difficulty with the lesson, but most understood.
(Mt vi sinh vin gp kh khn vi bi hc nhng a s hiu bi).
Most c dng trc cc danh t v trng t c t hai m tit tr ln hnh
thnh hnh thc so snh bc cao nht.
They donated most generously to relief organizations.
(H hin tng mt cch ho phng nht cho cc t chc cu tr).
Moneys V Monies
C hai l danh t s nhiu ca money (tin bc).
Trong hu ht cch dng thng dng, money l danh t khng m c v
khng s dng hnh thc s nhiu.
Ch trong trng hp ta cp n nhng khon tin ring bit - thng nhn
c t nhiu ngun thu khc nhau hoc phn chia khon tin cho nhng c
nhn hay nhm khc nhau - lc ta mi dng n hnh thc s nhiu moneys
hay monies.
The greater oart of the moneys will have to come from the Federal
government.
(Phn ln khon tin s phi do chnh quyn Lin bang cp).
They want to raise the monies for helping Tsunami victims.
(H mun huy ng cc khon tin tr gip cho nn nhn sng thn).
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Mt s ngi ch trch hnh thc s nhiu monies v
theo h, monies ch l s nhiu ca tip v ng " -mony
" ch khng phi money. Nhng c hai hnh thc moneys v monies u c
s dng ngang nhau.
Mind V Minority
1. Mind c th dng lm danh t v ng t.
Khi l danh t th mind thng dng vi ngha: tm tr, tr tu, tr nh. Mind l
phn hn ca con ngi, l kh nng suy cm, cm nhn...tng phn vi
phn xc.
His mind was capable of grasping the significance of the problem.
(Tr tu ca ng y c th nm bt vn ).
Trong vai tr lm ng t, mind c dng nhiu trong cu hi v cu ph
nh,
Do you mind opening the window ?
(Xin lm n m ca dm ? ).
2. Minority l danh t c ngha: thiu s, s t, thng m ch s lng nh
hn so vi ci ton th v tng s. Theo sau thng c gii t " of " .
Only a small minority of children get a chance to benefit from the system.
(Ch mt thiu s nh tr em l c c hi hng li t h thng ).
Khi minority khng c gii t " of " theo sau , ta c th dng ng t theo sau
hnh thc s t hoc s nhiu.
Middle Ages, Middle Age V Middle-Aged
Middle ages c ngha: Thi Trung c, dng ch mt giai on sau lch s
Chu u. Middle agesthng dng c mo t " the " pha trc.
This pratice was common throughout the Middle ages.
(Thng l ny ph bin sut thi Trung c).
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Middle age c ngha: trung nin, tc giai on ca mt
i ngi khi h khng cn tr na nhng cng cha
gi hn.
He was a tallish man in his early middle age, and his beard began to be flecked
with grey.
(ng y l mt ngi dong dng cao, va bc qua tui trung nin, ru ca
ng ta bt u lm m bc).
Cn middle-aged l tnh t vi ngha: thuc v hay lin quan n tui trung
nin, nh khi ta ni " amiddle-aged woman " (Mt ph n trung nin).
Memoirs V Memories
Memoirs l danh t s nhiu c ngha: hi k; tc li t thut ca mt ai
vit li nhng g tng tri qua trong cuc i ca mnh. H vit thnh sch v
nhng nhn vt v s kin lin quan n cuc i ca h.
Cn memories l s nhiu ca danh t memory c ngha: k c, tr nh.
She was busy writing her memoirs.
(B y ang bn rn vit hi k ca mnh).
My memories of a Quang Tri childhood are happy ones.
(Nhng hi c v thi th u Qung Tr ca ti l nhng hi c p).
Measure V Measurement
Measure thng dng trong chc nng ng t ch hnh ng o lng,
nh gi.
Measurement c ngha: s o lng, s o, kch thc, khun kh.
Every measurement was exact.
(Mi mt s o u chnh xc).
Ta khng dng measurement khi ni n cc hnh ng, bin php ca chnh
ph. Trong ng cnh ta dng measure.
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Measures had been taken to limit the economic decline.
(Cc bin php c thc hin hn ch s suy
sp kinh t).
Meaning, Sense, Significance V Purport
u l nhng t cp n nhng g biu th, ngha ca s vt, trong
meaning l t dng chung v tng qut nht.
1. Sense c dng m ch mt ngha ring bit no ca mt t, mt
cm t.
The word is frequently used in this sense.
(T thng c dng theo ngha ny).
2. Significance m ch n ngha ng hn l nhng g biu hin bn ngoi.
What is the significance of this symbol ?
( ngha ca biu tng ny l g ? ).
Ta cng thng nghe ni " the significance of her glance " ( ngha v ci
lic nhn ca b ta).
Significance cng ni n mt ngha quan trng m khng d dng cm
nhn ngay lp tc.
The real significance of his words was not grasped at the time.
( ngha thc s ca nhng li ng y ni khng hiu thu o ngay c
u).
3. Cn purport th gii hn trong ng ngha ca mt vn kin, mt bi din
vn hay mt cuc hi thoi quan trng.
The purport of the statement is that this company is bankrupt.
( ngha ca li tuyn b l cng ty ny b ph sn).
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Mean V Means
1. Mean l ng t bt quy tc (mean-meant-meant).
Mean khi l ng t th c ngha: nh, t k hoch c th c theo sau
bng mt b ng + nguyn mu c " to ".
Did you mean David to clean the house ?
(C phi anh mun David lau nh ? ).
Vi ngha: lin quan ti, i hi, pht sinh, mean c th c theo sau bng
mt danh t hoc hnh thc " -ing " .
This new order will mean working overtime.
(Lnh mi ny i hi phi lm vic thm ngoi gi).
Khi l tnh t, mean c ngha: ch k, bn xn. Mean c dng din t s
khng ng .
He is too mean to make a donation.
(ng y qu keo kit trong vic lc quyn).
Ngi M v ngi Anh thnh thong dng mean khi m t mt con ngi
ng kinh tm.
Khi l danh t, mean c ngha: s trung bnh.
2. Means c ngha: phng cch, phng tin, bin php. S nhiu ca means
cng chnh lmeans.
There is no means of finding out what happened.
(Khng c cch no tm hiu nhng g xy ra).
May Be, Maybe V Perhaps
1. Maybe c ngha nh perhaps : c l, c th.
Hai t ny dng din t mt vic g c th xy ra, d khng chc chn cho
lm. Maybe thng t u mnh , cn perhaps c th t u hay v
tr khc ca mt mnh .
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Maybe she was wrong.
(C l c y sai ri).
Perhaps the weather will change tomorrow.
(C l ngy mai thi tit s thay i).
Khng c s khc bit gia ng ngha ca maybe v perhaps.
Anh, ngi ta pht m perhaps thnh " praps " v dng c maybe ln perhaps
thng dng nh nhau, maybe c dng trong ng cnh gin d, khng trang
trng. M, perhaps t thng dng hn maybe.
2. Khng nn ln ln maybe vi may be l ng t vi ngha: c th l.
She may be the best person foor this job.
(C y c th l ngi tt nht cho cng vic ny).
Matter, Problem V Trouble
Matter c ngha: vn , s kin. Trong cch dng thng dng hng ngy,
matter hay c dng sau what, something... ni v nhng s c kh khn,
tr ngi hay cc nguyn nhn gy au n, au kh...Dng matter nh th
ngi ta thng t mo t xc nh " the " pha trc matter.
What is the matter ?
(C vic g th ? ).
There is something the matter.
(C vi s c g ri).
Tuy nhin ta khng dng " the matter " vi ngha nh th trong nhng kiu
cu khc. Ta dngproblem hoc trouble vi ngha: iu rc ri, li thi...
The trouble is that she can't cook.
(Rc ri nm ch c y khng th nu n).
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Mathematics, Maths V Math
C ba dng ch mn ton hc, tc b mn khoa hc
v cc con s, v s lng, hnh dng, khng gian.
Mathematics l t dng tng qut v nht l khi ta cp n n nh l mt
b mn khoa hc ch khng phi l mt mn hc nh trng. Khi
mathematics c dy nh trng vi ngha mn ton th ngi Anh h
gi l maths, cn M th gi l math.
C maths v math u l hnh thc rt ngn ca mathematics v l cch dng
trong m thoi thng thng.
Mathematics is very important to my future.
(Ton hcd rt quan trng cho tng lai ca ti).
Maths/ math is his strongest subject.
(Ton l mn hc n gii nht).
Mathematics, math v maths u l danh t khng m c nn ng t theo
sau n phi hnh thc s t.
Masterful V Masterly
Hai tnh t ny c ngha khc nhau.
Masterful hm ngha: hch, oai v.
He was a masterful general and laeder.
(ng y l mt v tng v l mt v lnh t c uy quyn).
Masterly c ngha: ti gii, thuc bc thy.
He give a masterly performance of Beethoven.
(Anh ta trnh din xut sc nhc ca Beethoven).
Marry V Get Married
Marry c ngha: kt hn, ci v, ly chng.
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Chng ta t dng marry m khng c b ng, thay vo
ta dng " get married " . y l cch dng thng
dng trong vn thng m.
She is getting married next week.
(C y s ln xe hoa vo tun ti).
Trong cch ni v vit trang trng th ta dng marry.
Although she had many lovers, she never married.
(D c nhiu ngi yu nhng c y cha bao gi ly chng).
Khi dng vi mt b ng trc tip, marry khng c gii t theo sau.
I wanted to marry her.
(Ti mun ci c y).
Nhng nu ta dng get married th c th c " to " theo sau vi mt b ng.
His daughter was married to her childhood sweetheart.
(Con gi ng ta ly ngi yu t th cn b ca c y).
Marriage (n): / mrd / or wedding (n): /wed/
Marriage l s kt hn hay hn nhn, tc m ch n tnh trng hn nhn, tnh
trng c v chng , n mi quan h hn phi gia ngi v v ngi chng.
His first marriage ended after 3 years.
(Cuc hn nhn ln u ca anh y kt thc sau 3 nm).
Ta khng dng marriage ch nghi thc tin hnh hn l gia hai ngi, m
ta dng t weddingc ngha: l ci, hn l.
They have been invited to his daughter's wedding.
(H c mi d hn l con gi ca ng y).
Marmalade, Jam V Jelly
u l danh t ch cc loi mt tri cy.
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NguynMinhMn
Marmalade l loi mt tri cy c lm t cam, chanh
hoc bi. Anh, ngi ta thng dngmarmalade n
vi bnh m vo ba sng.
He gave them another ton of marmalade.
(ng y cho h thm mt tn mt tri cy na).
Ta khng dng marmalade khi cp n cc loi mt tri cy lm t nhng
th tri cy khc nh: du ty, tri m...nhng loi mt ny c gi l jam
hoc jelly M.
My wife sent you this strawberry jam of ters.
(V ti gi cho bn loi mt du ty ny ca c y).
Many V Much
C hai u c ngha l nhiu.
1. C hai rt thng dng trong vai tr lm tnh t. Many dng trc danh t
m c, s nhiu; cn much dng trc danh t khng m c, s t.
Many students are lazy.
(Nhiu sinh vin li).
How much petrol do you need ?
(Anh cn bao nhiu xng ? ).
2. Many khng thng dng trong b ng hoc mt phn b ng ca ng t
th xc nh. Trong trng hp ngi ta dng " a lot of " thay th.
He has a lot of books.
(Anh y c nhiu sch).
Hu ht cc trng hp dng much b ngha cho danh t lm ch ng hay b
ng trong cu xc nh, ngi ta thay th much bng " a lot of "
A lot of time was wasted.
(Rt nhiu thi gian b phung ph).
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3. Much cn dng lm trng t cn many th khng.
Jane is not in the office much.
(Jane khng c mt vn phng nhiu).
Much cng c th ng vai tr mt trng t ch mc khi dng vi cc hnh
thc so snh.
Helen is much better today.
(Hm nay trng Helen kh hn ln).
Manifestation (n): / mnfesten / or demonstration (n): /demnstren /
Manifestation c ngha: s biu hin, biu th, chng t.
At first, there was no manifestation of the disease.
(Lc u khng h c biu hin no ca bnh tt).
This riot is only one manifestation of people is discontent.
(S ni lon ny ch mi l s biu hin v s bt bnh ca dn chng).
Demonstration cng ni v s biu l, chng t, chng minh nhng khi khi
m ch ti nhng cuc tun hnh, tp hp, nhng cuc biu tnh ca qun
chng th ta dng danh t demonstration.
In 1967, He had led a demonstration of 30,000 people to protest against the
government.
(Nm 1967 ng y lnh o mt cuc biu tnh ca 30,000 ngi chng
i chnh ph).
Man V Mankind
1. Man c ngha: n ng. S nhiu ca man l men.
Man thnh thong c dng ch con ngi, loi ngi ni chung. Khi man
dng vi ngha ny, ta khng t mo t " the " trc man.
All men are born equal.
(Tt c mi ngi sinh ra u bnh ng).
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Man is mortl.
(L ngi th ai cng phi cht).
2. Mankind c ngha: loi ngi, nhn loi. Nh vy, mankind c th dng
nh man. Tuy nhin phn bit gia man v mankind, ta cn ch l man
c xem l nhng c nhn, nhng con ngi trong tp th loi ngi; cn
mankind hm loi ngi nh mt nhm , mt tp hp ch khng ch n
tng c th.
This is an invention that provides the biggest yield for mankind.
(y l mt pht minh mang li li ch ln nht cho nhn loi).
Note:
Trong m thoi hng ngy, cc b c th dng man m ch nhng ngi
chng hay bn trai ca mnh. Man cng c dng rt thng dng trong li
xng h khi giao tip ngy thng vi ngha " ng bn " .
Tuy nhin, vic dng man, men hay mankind vi ngha loi ngi, nhn loi
ni chung thng b chng i v phi n cho l c thnh kin vi h
Male V Masculine
1. Male l danh t v tnh t c ngha: lin quan n gii tnh m khng th
sinh con hay trng. Ta c th dng male lm tnh t vi ngha: nam, c,
trng khi cp n ngi hay ng vt, thc vt.
Male khi dng cho con ngi th thng ni v nhng c im th cht ca
nam gii. Chng ta cng c th dng male lm danh t, nhng ch khi ni v
ng vt. Ta khng dng male m ch mt ngi n ng hay con trai v
b cho l xc phm.
The males protect the females and the young.
(Nhng con c bo v con ci cng nhng by con).
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2. Masculine c ngha: nh nam gii, ging phi nam,
tiu biu cho nam tnh; m ch nhng thuc tnh c
bit dnh cho phi nam, nh tnh cch mnh m, dt khot...Khi masculine
c dng cho phi n th ngi ta mun ng n s mnh m ca phi
nam.
She looks rather masculine in that suit.
(C y trng c v hi nam tnh trong b qun o ).
Majority , Most Of V Plurality
1. Majority c ngha: a s, phn ln. Theo sau majority thng c gii t "
of " .
The majority of young mothers are dependent on their husbands' salaries.
(a s nhng ngi m tr ph thuc vo ng lng ca chng mnh).
Khi majority khng c gii t " of " theo sau, ta c th dng ng t theo sau
n vi hnh thc s t hoc s nhiu.
The silent majority was/ were in favour of the proposal.
(a s thm lng ng h bn ngh).
Nhng nu ta dng " the majority of " vi mt danh t hay i t s nhiu
theo sau, th ng t phi hnh thc s nhiu.
The majority of people feel threatened by change.
(a s dn chng cm thy b e da bi s thay i).
2. Most of c ngha: hu ht, a s, m ch n mc ln nht v quy m
hay s lng.
Most of the forest has been cut down.
(Hu ht khu rng b n h).
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3. Plurality cng c ngha: s ln, a s tng i. V
bu c, trong cc cuc kim phiu, ngi ta d dng
ln gia majority v plurality. Majority l a s tuyt i cn plurality l a
s tng i.
Magic V Magical
C hai tnh t u c ngha: lin quan n ma thut, php thut, ma lc, php
thn thng. Magiccn thng dng hn trong vai tr lm danh t.
Trc y, ngi ta phn bit cch dng gia hai tnh t ny l magic hu nh
lun c dng trong vai tr lm thuc ng, tc ng trc danh t m n
c b ngha; magic thng c dng trong ngha en v mt s cm t
nht nh, trong khi magical c dng vi ngha m rng.
Hin nay, c hai t u thng dng nh nhau. Magical c dng trong c vai
tr v ng v b ng. Ta c th dng t ny ty theo cch dng mt cch t
nhin ca mnh.
He is man who really had the magic spell.
(ng ta l mt ngi tht s c sc quyn r y ma thut).
Magic v magical cng cn c nhng ngha khc nhau nh: tuyt vi, k diu,
say lng...c s dng rng ri.
The journey had lost its magical quality.
(Chuyn i mt i tnh cht k diu ca n).
Mad, Insane, Crazy V Demented
L nhng tnh t m ch n nhng tm trng tm thn khng bnh thng vi
ngha: in r, mt tr, khng.
Chng ta cn thn trng khi dng cc tnh t ny.
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Trc y, khi mt ngi no b mt chng bnh
v tm thn khin cho h c nhng thi v c ch
khc l, ngi ta thng gi h l mad, b insane.
Ngy nay nhng t ny - cng vi cc tnh t crazy, demented - t c dng
c trong vn vit v m thoi - ni v nhng ngi ang sng, v b phn
i. Thay vo cm t " mentally ill " ( bnh tm thn) c chp nhn.
Trong trng hp tnh trng tm thn t nghim trng hn, ta c th dng cm
t khc vi ngha nh hn nh: mentally disturbed, psychological problems...
She was found to be mentally ill.
(C y b pht hin l ri lon tm thn).
This hospital was an institution for children with psychological problems.
(Bnh vin ny l ni dnh cho tr em c nhng vn v tm l).
Motor V Engine
1. Khi dng mt c my hot ng bng in, ngi ta gi mt b phn ca
c my dng bin i in nng v lm cho my chy c l motor tc l
: m-t, ng c.
There are many low-priced machines driven by an elactric motor.
(C nhiu my mc gi thp vn hnh bng m-t in).
2. Cn engine l ng c, u my; l mt b phn ca mt chic xe, con tu,
my bay...gip chuyn nng lng thnh ng lc lm cho xe, tu, my
bay...vn hnh c.
Without warning, the engine roaded, and the car shot forward, directly at her.
(Khng mt s cnh bo, ng c gm ln v chic xe lao thng n c y).
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Machine V Machinery
1. Machinery l t ph bin, dng ch tt c cc loi
my mc ni chung. Machinery cn dng m ch b my ca mt t chc,
c quan.. Machinery l danh t khng m c.
Farmers import most of their machinery and materials.
(Cc ch nng tri nhp khu hu ht my mc v vt liu ca h).
They have no machinery for dealing with complaints.
(H khng c c ch gii quyt cc n th khiu ni).
2. Machine l mt c my, tc l mt phn trong mt trang c. Machine l
thit b dng in hay mt vi dng nng lng khc thc hin mt nhim
v c th no . Ta thng gp machinetrong cc danh t kp nh: Washingmachine (my git), sewing machine (my bay)...
He pressed a button on the machine.
(Anh y vn nhn vo ci nt trn c my).
Machine cng cn c ngha l b my nh machinery, dng m ch mt nhm
ngi iu khin hoc kim sot hot ng ca mt ng phi chnh tr hay
mt t chc no .
He heads the Labour machine in our city.
(ng y ng u b my cng ng ti thnh ph ca chng ti).
Middle V Midst
L nhng t ch mt im, mt vt c khong cch bng nhau n hai hay
nhiu vt khc (c lng hoc chnh xc).
1. Middle m ch - c ngha en ln ngha bng - mt im hay mt phn cch
u hay nm gia cc im cui hay gii hn trong khng gian, thi gian.
E.g.1 He has already given up his flat in the middle of the city.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
=> Anh y t b cn h gia trung tm thnh ph
ri.
E.g.2 The police searched many housesnin the middle of the night.
=> Cnh st khm xt nhiu nh vo lc na m.
2. Centre - ngi M vit l Center - l t chnh xc hn middle. Center
thng m ch n im gia ca mt vng bao quanh, mt vng trn, hnh
cu hay i loi nh th. Th d nh trong ton hc, tm im ca mt vng
trn l centre ch khng phi l middle.
E.g.3 At the centre of the monument was a photograph.
=> Ti trung tm ca i k nim l mt bc nh.
3. Midst c ngha: phn gia, gia nhng ng l mt ngi hay mt vt
hu nh b vy quanh t mi pha, nh khi ta ni "in the midst of the crowd"
( gia m ng).
E.g.4 A hunting dog darted out of the midst of the thicket.
=> Mt con ch sn lao ra t gia lm cy.
Lu :
Khi ni v im gia, on gia ca mt con ng, mt con sng, ta khng
dng centre m dng middle. Middle ch khng phi centre - cng c dng
khi m t " khong gia, im gia" ca mt s kin hoc mt khong thi
gian ( nm gia tnh t thi im bt u cho n khi kt thc)
E.g.5 They were in the middle of supper when i called.
=> H ang n ti gia chng khi ti gi in.
Moral, Morality V Morale
1. Moral c th l tnh t hoc danh t.
+ L tnh t, moral c ngha: lin quan n hnh vi ng sai, v cc nguyn
tc x th ng hay sai, v o c.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
E.g.1 She has noticed a fall in moral standards.
=> B y lu n s xung cp ca cc chun mc
o c.
+ khi l danh t, moral c ngha: bi hc, m ch nhng bi hc thc t rt ra
t kinh nghim thc tin, t nhng kinh nghim trong i sng thng ngy...
E.g.2 The moral is clear: you must never marry for money.
=> Bi hc r rng bn ng bao gi kt hn v tin.
+ Morals - hnh thc s nhiu - l danh t vi ngha: nhng nguyn tc x
th, o c.
E.g.3 We agreed that business morals nowadays were very low.
=> Chng ti ng rng o c kinh doanh ngy nay l rt thp.
2. Morality l danh t c ngha tng t nh morals, tc l cp n nhng
nguyn tc x th ng n. Morality thin v tng hnh thnh nn ging
mi o c, l o l, o ngha.
E.g.4 Punishment always involves the idea of morality.
=> S trng pht lun lun bao hm tng v o l.
3. Morale l danh t vi ngha: ch kh, tinh thn, dng din t s quyt
tm, tinh thn phn chn, lc quan ca mt ngi hay mt nhm ngi vo
mt thi im no ( nht l vo nhng lc kh khn, him nguy).
E.g.5 The morale of the team was very good.
=> Tinh thn ca c i rt vng vng.
Khi s dng cc danh t ch hng, cn phn bit r cch dng khi thm ui
"ern'.
1. North: hng Bc, pha Bc.
E.g.1. Cold winds coming from the north.
=> Go ma thi t hng Bc.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
E.g.2. Birds migrating from the north.
=> Nhiu loi chim ang di tr t hng Bc.
2. Northern: khi ni v mt b phn no ca mt vng, hoc mt t nc
thuc v hng Bc, pha Bc, ta dng "northern".
E.g.1. Northern Europe (pha Bc Chu u).
E.g.2. ...Soya, the northern cape of Japan.
=> ...Soya, mi t nh ra ca Nht Bn.
Metre V Meter
Metre/ mit(r)/ v meter/ mit(r)/:L hai danh t ch n v o chiu di l
mt (tng ng vi 39,37 inch theo n v inch s dng Anh, M v mt
s nc khc). Ngi Anh dng t metre cn ngi M dng quen dng
meter.
E.g.1 This room is 6 metres long and 4 metres wide.
=> Cn phng ny di 6m v rng 4m.
C Anh ln M, meter cn dng ch ng h o (nc, kh,... ), tc dng
c dng o th tch ca kh, nc... chy qua n. Meter vi ngha ny
thng c dng vi cc t ghp nh "an electricity meter" (mt in k),
"a parking-meter" (ng h tnh tin u xe), "a water meter" (ng h
nc"...
Meantime V Meanwhile
C hai t u c th l danh t hay trng t.
Cch dng thng dng l meantime thng c dng lm danh t, nh ta
ni in the meantime (trong khi ) v meanwhile thng c dng
lm trng t, nh Meanwhile (trong khi , cng lc ).
E.g.1 The next programe will begin soon; in the meantime, heres some music.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
=> Chng trnh k tip s sm bt u; trong khi ch
i xin qu v hy nghe mt vi bn nhc.
E.g.2 Meanwhile, the others were back home enjoying themselves.
=> Trong lc , nhng ngi khc tr v nh t vui th ly.
Theo thng k, vic dng meantime v meanwhile c th thay i cho nhau
trong chc nng danh t c t th k 14 v trong vai tr trng t c t
th k 16. Theo cc thng k mi nht, meantime trong chc nng danh t v
meanwhile trong vai tr trng t c thng dng hn. Th nhng, trng t
meantime vn tip tc dng cho n nay.
E.g.3 He continued playing the piano; meantime, she went out shopping.
=> Anh y tip tc chi dng cm, trong khi c ta i mua sm.
E.g.4 But in the meanwhile, a lot of people learned to read.
=> Nhng trong lc nhiu ngi hc c.
Trong hai cu trn meantime ng vai trng t cn meanwhile ng vai danh
t.
Magnet V Magnate
1. Magnet: nam chm, ngi hay vt c sc hp dn, li cun mnh m.
E.g.1. In the 1990s the area became a magnet for new investment.
=> Vo nhng nm 90, khu vc ny tr thnh sc hp dn cho s u t
mi.
E.g.2. A magnet attracts iron.
=> Nam chm ht kim loi st.
2. Magnate: ng trm, nhn vt c quyn lc v giu c.
E.g. Her manager was David Gardner, a textile magnate.
=> Qun l ca c ta l ng David Gardner, mt ng trm ngnh dt may ca
vng.
K-L-M-N
NguynMinhMn
Nervous V Anxious l hai tnh t rt d gy nhm ln
khi dng, u c ngha l lo lng, cng thng, s hi.
1. Nervous: thuc v thn kinh, nht gan, s hi, cng thng thn kinh, thng
dng ch cm gic lo lng trc khi lm mt vic g quan trng, kh khn
hay gy cng thng thn kinh.
E.g 1: His son is nervous about starting school.
=> Con trai ca anh ta cng thng v ngy u ti trng.
E.g 2: All the actors were exeedingly nervous before performance.
=> Tt c cc din vin na u cng thng qu mc trc bui biu din.
2. Anxious: lo u, bt rt, thuc v cm gic nhiu hn. Nu ta ang lo bun
v chuyn g c th xy ra vi ngi thn ca mnh chng hn, ta s dng
Anxious.
E.g: She's very anxious about her daughter's health.
=> C y rt lo lng cho sc khe ca con gi c y.
K-L-M-N
L Lm Khang
Oversee V Overlook
1. Oversee: gim st, trng nom mt vic g .
E.g:He was hired to oversee this project.
=> ng ta c thu gim st d n ny.
2. Overlook: c ngha l b qua vic g , ci g .
Chng ta s dng Overlook trong nhng trng hp sau:
+ to fail to see or notice something.
=> b qua vic xem ci g hay thng bo ci g.
E.g: He seems to have overlooked oHe seems to have overlooked one important
fact.
=> Anh ta c v nh b qua mt vic quan trng.
+ to see something wrong or bad but decide to ignore it.
=> pht l ci g mc d n sai hay ti t.
E.g:We could not afford to overlook such a serious offence.
=>Chng ti khng th pht l mt vic phm php nghim trng nh th.
+ If a building, etc. overlooks a place, you can see that place from the bulding.
=> nu mt ta nh , v d mt a im, bn c th nhn a im t trn cao
xung.
E.g:A restaurant overlooking the lake.
=> Mt nh hng nhn xung mt h.
+ To not consider somebody for a job or positon even though they might be
suitable.
=> khng xem xt k vic thng chc cho ai , mc d h c kh nng ph hp
vi cng vic .
E.g: She's been overlooked for promotion several times.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
=> C y b b qua nhiu ln c thng chc.
Overseas, Foreign, Abroad
Overseas c th lm tnh t (adjective) v trng t (adverb) v thng vit c s tn
cng. Foreign ch dng lm adjective v abroad thng dng lm adverb.
Ba ch u c ngha l ngoi quc. Overseas va l tnh t (adjective) va l
trng t (adverb); foreign ch l tnh t m thi; v abroad ch l trng t m thi.
* Abroad (adv):
Ex:
1/ To study abroad (i du hc)
2/ Serving abroad=serving overseas=phc v nc ngoi. (Overseas khi l
adverb c th thay cho abroad.)
* Overseas (adj/adv):
Ex:
1/ Overseas students hay foreign students=sinh vin ngoi quc. (Trong hai trng
hp ny, hai ch overseas v foreign dng thay cho nhau v c hai l tnh t.)
2/ Overseas trade=foreign trade=ngoi thng. (Overseas khi l tnh t vit c s.)
* Foreign (adj):
Ch foreign c 3 ngha:
-foreign:ngoi quc
Ex:
1/ Foreign service officials sometimes are sent overseas for a few years before they
work in the home office
(Nhn vin ngoi giao i khi phc v nc ngoi vi nm trc khi phc v
nhim s quc ni.)
2/Toyota is a leading foreign car manufacturer.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
(Hng Toyota l mt hng ch to xe hi ngoi quc hng
u.)
3/ Foreign exchange: hi oi
4/ Foreign trade: ngoi thng.
Foreign affairs: ngoi giao.
Foreign policy: chnh sch ngoi giao.
Minister of Foreign Affairs: B trng ngoi giao ( M gi l Secretary of State)
- foreign ngoi ngha nc ngoi cn c ngha l l.; xa l
Ex:
1/ That is foreign to me (ti khng quen/khng bit chuyn y)
2/ Foreign matter/foreign body/foreign object (vt l; d vt)
3/ The doctor cleansed all foreign matter from the wound
(Bc s lau ra vt thng cho sch nhng vt l)
- foreign: tri vi bn tnh
Ex:
Aggression is foreign to his nature
(Bn tnh anh ta khng bao gi c c ch hung bo)
=> Tm li, hy dng overseas cho c tnh t ln trng t. Thay th overseas
bng foreign trong foreign students. Thay overseas bng abroad trong nhm
ch serving overseas/serving abroad.
Usage: Trnh dng ch foreigner khi gii thiu mt ngi ngoi quc. ng ni:
Hes a foreigner. Nu anh ta t Canada, thi ni: Hes Canadian. He comes from
Canada.
On V Upon
OPQR
L Lm Khang
u lm gii t preposition v c ngha l trn, trn,
trn mt. On ngoi nhim v c th lm preposition cn
c th lm adjective hay adverb (xem th d bn di).
1. Upon thng thay th cho on vi ngha nghim tc hn (more
formal)
- Children depend on their parents for support=Con tr nh cha m nui dng
(=Children depend upon their parents for support.)
- The child started to smile upon seeing his mother=a b ci toe khi thy m
n.
2. Upon khng th thay bng on trong nhng thnh ng quen dng:
- Once upon a time (bt u truyn c tch)=Ngy xa ngy xa
- Rows upon rows of seats: hng hng lp lp gh ngi
- Mt s a danh bn Anh dng ch upon: Stratford-upon-Avon vng pha
Nam qun Warwickshire, England, ni sinh trng ca kch tc gia William
Shakespeare.
3. Cng dng UPON, m khng dng ON trong my thnh ng:
- The New Year of the Dragon is almost upon us=Tt Nhm Thn sp n ni ri.
- Her friends looked upon her with envy=Bn c nhn c mt cch ghen tc.
- Take it upon yourself to do something=T mnh quyt nh lm mt vic khng
php. Ex: His wife took it upon herself to make arrangements for the anniversary
party without consulting him=B v ng t tin t chc sinh nht ci m khng
hi kin ng (Bt buc dng upon)
4. Dng thay th nhau: on impact hay upon impact=khi va chm
- The car burst into flame upon impact=Xe bng chy khi m vo xe kia.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
- The workman who fell from the top of the building died
on impact=Ngi th t t tng lu trn cng ri xung t
cht.
- The car crumpled upon impact with the brick wall=Chic xe bp dm v m vo
tng gch.
5a. On ngoi chc v lm preposition cn lm adjective v adverb.
Trong nhng th d sau bt buc dng ON, khng th thay bng UPON c:
- Hes sitting on the sofa=Anh ta ang ngi trn gh trng k (prep.).
- Could you give me some advice on what to do? (prep.)=Bn khuyn ti phi lm
g?
- Dont put your feet on my desk! (prep.)=ng gc chn ln bn ca ti!
- Who left the lights on? (adj)=Ai qun tt n vy?
- Put your clothes on!=Mc qun o vo!
- Turn on the radio=vn ra-i- ln. Theres breaking news=c tin st do. (Trong
nhng cu ny on lm adverb).
5b. Bt buc dng on m thi:
- He will be here on Thursday=ng ta s ti y vo hm th Nm.
- Hand me the book on the table=xin a cho ti cun sch trn bn.
- Youre on!=Nhn li thch thc ca ai a ra.
- On and off=thnh thong, tng thi k. He only visited his parents on and
off=Anh ta nm th mi ha mi ti thm b m. It rained on and off for the
whole day=C ngy hm nay chc chc li ma.
- On call=thng trc. I cant go out tonight. Im on call at the hospital=Ti khng
th ra ngoi chi ti nay. Ti phi trc bnh vin.
- On air=ang thu m hay thu hnh
OPQR
L Lm Khang
- On probation=trong thi k khoan hng (nu l phm
nhn) hay tp s (nu l cng nhn mi vo lm)
- On board. Is there a doctor on board?=Trn phi c ny c ai l bc s khng?
- On condition that=vi iu kin l
- On earth=(ting nhn mnh khi ngc nhin hay gin d) What on earth are you
talking about?=Bn ni v ci g th?
- On the contrary=ngc li
- On the other hand=ng v mt khc (theo sau bi nhm ch On the one
handMt mt thdng khi bin lun)
- On ones way...Im on my way=ti sp n ti ni ri
- On the whole=ni chung
- On top of that. I have to read newspapers everyday to stay on top of current
events=Ti phi c bo hng ngy bit r thi s.
- On time=ng gi, ng hn. If your taxes are not filed on time, you have to pay
a penalty=Nu bn khai thu tr, bn phi ng thm tin pht.
=> Tm li:
Dng on v upon thay th nhau nhng upon dng nghim tc hn. C nhng thnh
ng ch dng vi on, v c nhng thnh ng ch dng vi upon. Trong nhng
trng hp ny c nhiu ln s quen v nh.
require, request v offer
Organize V Arrange
y ta ch bn ngha hai t ny v vic dn xp, thu xp, chun b
1. Arrange thng dng vi ngha: Sp xp, dn xp, thu xp, chun b mt cng
vic, mt cuc gp...).
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Could you arrange for a taxi to pick me up ?
(Anh c th sp xp mt chic taxi n rc ti khng).
2. Khi ta thu xp hay chun b mt chuyn i chi xa hay t chc mt cuc hp
chng hn, th ta phi lm nhiu vic cn thit nh mn xe, thit k lch trnh
ng i...tc ta organize cho mt chuyn i.
They organized a protest meeting.
(H t chc mt cuc mit ting phn i).
Ought V Only
1. Ought hm ngha: phi, nn, cn phi, ni ln nhim v ca ch ng. Ought
khng hm mt s b buc ca ngi ra lnh nh must, cng khng ng n
s bt buc do ngoi cnh nh have to.
Ought thng c dng nhc nh ai n bn phn, a ra mt li khuyn hay
din t mt s mong i.
They ought not to drive like that.
(H khng nn li xe nh th).
We ought to call the police.
(Chng ta nn gi cnh st.
Ought khng thay i khi s dng trong cc th, khng nn c " -s " ngi th ba
s t, sau ought ta dng nguyn mu c " to " ca cc ng t khc.
You ought to see a doctor.
(Anh nn i khm bnh i).
2. Only c ngha l ch, cui cng.
Only b ngha cho mt t, cm t hay c mt cu v c nhng v tr khc nhau.
Only c th ng trc ng t, tnh t, trng t, c th ng trc hay theo sau
danh t.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
John only lent the car.
(John ch cho mn chic xe).
John lent the car ro me only.
(John ch cho ti mn chic xe).
Nhng trong vn ni, ngi ta a t only trc ng t v gi ng ngha ca cu
bng cch nhn mnh t only b ngha.
Khi only b ngha cho mt thnh phn khc xy ra trc ng t chnh, only c
t u cu, trc thnh phn m n b ngha.
Only to an outstanding student will that award be given.
(Phn thng s ch trao cho mt sinh vin xut sc).
On Time V In Time.
Cn gia on time v in time m nhiu ngi thng dng ln ln.
C hai u c ngha: ng gi, nhng on time th chnh xc, cn in time th trc
thi im mt cht.
The 5:00 p.m train started on time.
(Chuyn tu lc 5 gi chiu khi hnh ng gi).
They were in time for the train.
(H n kp gi cho chuyn tu ha).
Onward V Onwards
Onward c hai chc nng: tnh t v trng t, trong khi onwards ch gi vai tr
trng t v c ngi M a dng.
He set up his own company in 1998, and it has been audited from 2000 onwards.
(Anh y thnh lp cng ty ring ca mnh vo nm 1998 v cng ty dc kim
ton t nm 2000 tr i).
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Students will be met and provided with details for their
onward travel to New York.
(Cc sinh vin s c tip xc v c cung cp chi tit v chuyn du hnh tip
tc ca h n New York).
Once v one
1. Once l trng t th c ngha: mt ln, mt dp. Vi ngha ny once c dng
trong th qu kh ln tng lai v thng t cui mnh .
I'm only going to say this once.
(Ti s ch ni iu ny mt ln thi).
Once vi ngha: trc kia, c ln, c ti; thng c dng ni v mt
iu g din ra vo mt thi im khng xc nh trong qu kh. Vi cch ny
once thng t trc ng t hoc u mnh . Nu c ng t " to be " hoc tr
ng t th once nm sau cc ng t ny.
I once met your father in Paris.
(Ti c ln gp cha bn Paris).
She had once been a big star, but now she was finished.
(B y tng l mt din vin ni ting nhng nay th ht thi ri).
Trong chc nng lin t th once c ngha: mt khi, ngay khi, sau khi.
She lelt much happier once she had found a good job.
(C y cm thy hnh phc hn ngay sau khi tm c mt cng vic).
2. One c dng lm i t vi ngha: mt ngi no , mt ci g ...
One of my younger brothers lives in Paris.
(Mt trong s cc em trai ti sng ti Paris).
One lm tnh t khi ng trc danh t m n b ngha.
One day you'll be glad she left you.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
(Mt ngy no anh s thy vui mng v c y b anh).
One dng lm b ng cho mt ng t hay mt gii t
trnh vic lp li mt danh t.
There have been a lot of accidents in the fog, and I read about one this morning.
(C nhiu tai nn do sng m v sng nay ti c tin v tai nn nh th).
One vi ngha: ngi ta, thin h...lm ch ng cho ng t s t.
Where does one get the tickets ?
(Ngi ta mua v u ? ).
One trong chc nng tnh t cn mt s ngha khc.
He is the one man I trust.
(Anh y l ngi duy nht m ti tin cy).
Officious v official
Official c ngha: cng chc, vin chc chnh quyn, dng ch nhng ngi
c bu chn, b nhim hay tuyn dng vo lm vic trong c quan vi chc
nng no , nht l trong c quan chnh quyn cc cp.
Government officials have rejected calls for international.
(Cc vin chc chnh quyn bc b nhng li ku gi quc t can thip).
Official thng dng trong vai tr lm tnh t vi ngha: thuc hay lin quan n
chnh quyn.
Cn officious c ngha: hay xen vo vic ngi khc, lng xng, quy ry, nhiu
s, m ch nhng ngi chuyn a ra cc li khuyn, cc s gip khng cn
thit v khng ai yu cu.
He came up to me the next day to apologize for being so officious.
(Ngy hm sau anh ta n gp ti xin li l nhiu s nh th).
O.K, OK, Okay V Okeh
OPQR
L Lm Khang
L nhng t rt thng dng trong m thoi tuy vn b xem
l cch ni v vit khng trang trng.
Cch vit O.K. , OK v okay c dng ph bin hin nay, mt s ni vn dng
hnh thc vit ch thng o.k , ok ; cn okeh l cch dng ca ngi Canada.
Trong ba cch vit ph bin: O.K. , OK v okay th okay c s dng nhiu hn
hai cch vit kia m theo cc nh ngn ng l do khi dng okay trong vai tr ng
t d chuyn qua th qu kh hn.
Cc hnh thc khc ca O.K v OK khi lm chc nng ng t u phi s dng
du lc apostrophe ( ' ) .
O.K. thng c dng nhiu trong vai tr lm tnh t, trng t, danh t v ng
t vi cc ngha: c, tt, ng , s chp nhn, tn thnh.
Everything is O.K.
(Mi vic u n c).
They've got the OK from the parliament at last.
(Cui cng th h cng nhn c s chp thun t quc hi).
Officer, police officer, official, office worker
1. Officer c ngha: s quan, tc ch nhng ngi c giao nhim c ch huy trong
qun i.
I'd like to meet a retired army officer.
(Ti mun gp mt s qua qun i ngh hu).
Officer cng c dng vi ngha: vin chc, gii chc, m ch nhng ngi c
a v, quyn lc c bu ln hoc c b nhim vo chc v trong chnh
quyn, mt t chc...
Suddenly, the customs officer came out and announced the result.
(t nhin, vin chc hi quan xut hin v thng bo kt qu).
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Ring t police officer c ngha: cnh st vin, tng b ch
trch trong thi gian rt lu nhng vn c dng mt cch
thng xuyn v nay tr thnh t tiu chun.
He led her to his office, passing a police officer who was jotting down notes.
(Anh y dn c ta n vn phng ca mnh, i ngang qua mt cnh st vin ang
mi ghi chp).
2. Official c ngha: cng chc, vin chc chnh quyn, dng ch nhng ngi
c bu chn, b nhim hay tuyn dng vo lm vic trong c quan vi chc
nng no , nht l trong c quan chnh quyn cc cp.
3. Ta gi office worker ch nhng ngi lm vic trong cc vn phng.
Office workers have been found to make more mistakes when distracted by traffic
noise.
(Ngi ta pht hin rng, cc nhn vin vn phng phm nhiu sai st hn khi h
b phn tm t ting n xe c).
Offhand , Offhanded, Offhandedly
T offhand thng b dng ln ln vi offhandedly m nguyn nhn l do ngi ta
thch dng nhng t ngn gn hn.
Offhand c dng lm tnh t v trng t t 300 nm nay v do c hnh thc ngn
hn, nn thng dng hn tnh t offhanded v offhandedly.
Offhand khi l trng t th c ngha ging nh tnh t offhanded c ngha: khng
khch so, thoi mi, khng khch kh.
She doesn't like his offhand attitude.
(C nng chng a thi qu t nhin ca anh chng).
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Nhng khi l trng t, offhand v offhandedly khc bit v
cch dng cng khc bit nhau.
Trng t offhand c ngha: ty ng, ngay tc th, khng suy tnh trc.
Offhand, I'd say that there will be at least six horses in the race.
(Nu ni ngay, ti s bo l c t nht 6 con nga trong cuc thi).
Trong khi trng t offhandedly c ngha: ngu nhin, tnh c. Offhandedly c th
b ng cho cc tnh t v trng t khc.
He spoke offhandedly.
(Anh ta ni mt cch ngu nhin).
Offer , Proffer , Tender, Give, Invite
L nhng t hm s cho , biu, tng, mi.
1. Offer c ngha: biu, tng, cho, ngh. Nu ta offer mt vt g cho ai , ta hi
ngi l xem h c thch khng.
She's been offered a good job in France.
(Ngi ta ngh mt vic lm tt Php).
So vi cc t ng ngha th offer l t tng qut, thng dng khi a ra mt
ngh. Proffer hin nay ch yu dng trong vn chng v tender c dng nh l
mt nghi thc, kiu cch khi a ra hoc xut mt vic g mt cch trnh trng.
She tendered her resignation to the President.
(B y n t chc ln Tng thng).
2. Nu ta t vt g giao vo tay mt ngi khc v hi vng ngi y s nhn n th
ta gi lgive c ngha: cho, a, biu.
She gave me a new book.
(C y cho ti mn cun sch mi).
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L Lm Khang
3. Cn invite c ngha: mi, ngh, tc yu cu ngi no
lm vic g hay n ni no .
They were invited to attend future meetings.
(H c mi d cc phin hp tng lai).
Obtain V Get
C hai t u c ngha: ginh c, t c, nhng cch dng c khc nhau.
Obtain l t trang trng, thng c dng trong vn vit.
How can you obtain the latest news ?
(Lm th no anh c th nhn c cc tin tc gi cht y ? ).
Trong m thoi hng ngy, ngi ta t dng obtain , thay vo l dng get.
He got a job at the supermarket.
(Anh y kim c mt vic lm siu th).
Note:
Trong vn vit, obtain a dng trong th ng cch.
All the above items can be obtained from the library.
(Tt c cc th k trn c th mn th vin).
Ta thng khng dng get trong th th ng.
Obstacle, Obstruction V Hindrance
u l t cp n s can thip, xen vo hoc ngn cn hnh ng hay tin trnh
no .
1. Obstacle c ngha: tr ngi, vt chng ngi, ng n ci g, vt g ng cn
ngay trn ng ca mt tin trnh.
Lack of imagination is an obstacle to one's advancement.
(Thiu tr tng l tr ngi cho s thng tin ca ngi ta).
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L Lm Khang
2. Obstruction l s tc nghn, ng mnh hn obstacle
khi vt cn lm tc nghn hon ton hay mt phn li i.
A blood clot is an obstruction to the circulation.
(Mu cc l vt lm tc nghn s tun hon ca mu).
3. Hindrance l s cn tr, ngn chn li bng cch can thip v tr hon.
Interruptions are a hindrance to one's work.
(Nhng s gy gin on l cn tr cho cng vic ca ngi ta).
Observance, Observation, Observe, Witness
1. Observance or observation. Hai danh t ny c ngha khc bit nhau.
Observance l s tun th, s gi theo, Observance l t kh trang trng.
Local governments should use their powers to ensure strict observance of laws.
(Cc chnh quyn a phng nn s dng quyn lc ca mnh bo m vic
tun th nghim ngt lut l).
Cn observation c ngha: s theo di, s quan st.
We escaped his observation.
(Chng ta thot khi s theo di ca anh ta).
2. Observe or witness l hai t ni v s ch hon ton n nhng g m mt
ngi thy hay v cm nhn c. l nhng ng tc ko di.
Observe c ngha: quan st, tc l ghi nhn hoc chm ch n nhng g thy,
nghe...cn nhc cn thn.
I want you to observe his reaction to the question and judge whether he is telling
the truth or not.
(Ti mun anh quan st phn ng ca anh ta i vi cu hi v phn on xem liu
anh ta c ni s tht hay khng).
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L Lm Khang
Witness c ngha: chng kin, tc hin din ngay ni xy
ra mt vic g, nhn thy n din ra v c th m t li.
He witnessed our wedding.
(Anh y chng kin hn l ca chng ti).
Obligation V Duty
L hai t cng m ch n nhng g m ngi ta cm thy c bn phn phi lm.
Duty l nhng g m ngi ta thc hin, hoc trnh khng lm, hon thnh theo
ting gi thng xuyn ca lng tm, ca lng trung thnh vi t quc, ca l
phi hoc ca php lut.
Perhaps it was her duty to inform the police of what she had seen.
(C l ngha v ca c y l phi bo co cho cnh st bit nhng g mnh trng
thy).
Obligation c ngha: bn phn, ngha v, nhng m ch ti nhng g b buc ngi
ta phi lm hon thnh theo mnh lnh ca tp qun, cch x th hoc l nghi,
khun php v tin hnh mt cch c bit theo tha thun hay ha hn c nhn.
After you fulfill your membership obligation, you'll enjoy our bonus plan.
(Sau khi hon thnh ngha v thnh vin, bn s c hng chng trnh tng
thng ca chng ti).
S khc bit ca obligation v duty l "duties " l nhng vic m ta lm nh mt
phn cng vic ca mnh. Ta khng dng obligations vi ngha nh th.
Originate v Discover
C ba t u m ch vic em ra nh sng mt vic g, vic g m trc cha h
bit.
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L Lm Khang
Discover c ngha: khm ph, pht hin; ng vic tm ra
mt ci g vn trc hin hu cho n lc discover
th vn cha c hay bit. Th d " to discover a new planet " (khm ph mt
hnh tinh mi), " to discover America " (tm ra chu M)...
Invent c ngha pht minh sng ch.
We discover what before existed though to us unknown, we invent what did not
before exist.
(Chng ta khm ph ra nhng g trc y hin hu m ta khng bit; chng ta
pht minh ra nhng g m trc y cha tng hin hu).
Marie Curie discovered radium.
(Marie Curie pht hin ra radium).
Edison invented the phonograph.
(Edison pht minh ra my ht).
Discover cng cn ng n vic pht hin ra, ngh ra cch dng mi ca mt vt
bit t trc.
Cn originate c ngha l: bt ngun t, bt u, pht sinh, hnh thnh.
Who originated this political movement ?
(Ai hnh thnh phong tro chnh tr ny ? ).
Office V Agency
- Our company cant afford the services of a big advertising agency.
Cng ty chng ti khng th c c nhng loi dch v ca mt cng ty qung
co ln.
(Khng dng *office*)
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L Lm Khang
(an agency: mt hang cung cp dch v, v d nh hng du
lch a travel agency, an employment agency, dch v du
lich, dch v vic lm)
- Reuters is a big news agency with offices all over the world.
Roi-t l mt hng bo ch ln c vn phng khp ni trn th gii.
(= rooms/buildings where work is done: vn phng/nh ni lm vic)
Opportunity, Chance V Occasion
I/ Chance of V-ing
Chng ta thng ni "Someone has a (good) chance of doing something"
(Ai /c kh nng lm iu g)
- Do you think I have a chance of dating her?
(Theo cu t c th hn h vi c y khng?)
Bn cng c th ni any/no/little/much chance.
- I don't think I have much chance of finding a job ?
(Ti khng ngh rng ti c nhiu kh nng tm c vic lm)
- He has no chance of passing the examination.
(Anh ta khng c c may thi )
Bn cng c th ni "Stand a chance of doing something".
- He doesn't stand a chance of passing the examination.
(Anh ta chng c cht c may no /chng th no thi c)
Bn cng c th ni " What are the chances of something (happening)? "
- What are the chances of success?
(C bao nhiu kh nng thnh cng?)
- What are my chances of passing the examination?
(Ti c bao nhiu hy vng thi ?)
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L Lm Khang
Bn li cng c th ni " There is a chance of something
happening "
hoc "There is a chance that something will happen"
- Is there any chance of you lending me some money until tomorrow ?
(Liu t y n mai bn c th cho ti mn t tin c khng ?)
- There is a chance that I'll be late home this evening.
(C kh nng ti nay ti s v tr.)
II/ Chance to do something (dp, c c hi lm g)
Chng ta dng " Chance to do something khi chance = thi gian. Dp, hay dp
lm iu g ("Chance of - ing " t c dng vi ngha ny.)
- " Have you read the book I lend you? "
- " No , I haven't had a chance to look at it yet. "
(Bn c quyn sch ti cho bn mn cha? Cha, ti cha c dp c)
- We didn't have much chance to talk to each other when we last meet.
(Chng ti khng c nhiu thi gi ni chuyn vi nhau, khi chng ti gp nhau
ln cui.)
III/ Opportunity (Dp , C hi.)
Chng ta thng ni " Opportunity to do something " ( Tuy nhin, opportunity of
V + ing cng c th dng c.)
- I have the opportunity to study in the United States for a year.
Do you think I should go ? ( = the chance to study ).
(Ti c c hi i M hc mt nm. Anh ngh ti c nn i khng ?)
- After the lecture there will be an opportunity ask questions.
(Sau bi ging mi ngi s c c hi t cu hi.)
Bn cng c th dng any / little / much / plenty of / more opportunity.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
- Do you have much opportunity to speak english?
(Bn c nhiu c hi ni ting anh khng ?)
- We live near the moutains , so we have plenty of opportunity to go skiing.
(Chng ti sng gn vng ni , do chng ti c nhiu dp i trt tuyt.)
ng ni " Posibility to do something ".
- I had the opportunity to study in Canada.
(Ti c c hi c i hc Canada.)
Cn occasion ch mang ngha l dp no thui, thng dng cho holiday
Officer, police officer, official or office worker

Officer (n): / fsr/, police officer, official (adj): / fl/ or office worker
1. Officer c ngha: s quan, tc ch nhng ngi c giao nhim c ch huy trong
qun i.
I'd like to meet a retired army officer.
(Ti mun gp mt s qua qun i ngh hu).
Officer cng c dng vi ngha: vin chc, gii chc, m ch nhng ngi c
a v, quyn lc c bu ln hoc c b nhim vo chc v trong chnh
quyn, mt t chc...
Suddenly, the customs officer came out and announced the result.
(t nhin, vin chc hi quan xut hin v thng bo kt qu).
Ring t police officer c ngha: cnh st vin, tng b ch trch trong thi gian rt
lu nhng vn c dng mt cch thng xuyn v nay tr thnh t tiu chun.
He led her to his office, passing a police officer who was jotting down notes.
(Anh y dn c ta n vn phng ca mnh, i ngang qua mt cnh st vin ang
mi ghi chp).
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L Lm Khang
2. Official c ngha: cng chc, vin chc chnh quyn,
dng ch nhng ngi c bu chn, b nhim hay
tuyn dng vo lm vic trong c quan vi chc nng no , nht l trong c
quan chnh quyn cc cp.
3. Ta gi office worker ch nhng ngi lm vic trong cc vn phng.
Office workers have been found to make more mistakes when distracted by traffic
noise.
(Ngi ta pht hin rng, cc nhn vin vn phng phm nhiu sai st hn khi h
b phn tm t ting n xe c).
cch dng once, one time , at once
- One time in a million, someone will praise your work.
Ri c khi mt ngi no s ca ngi cng vic ca anh.
(Khng dng *once*)
- The phone rang once.
Chung in thoi reo c mt ln.
(Khng dng *one time*)
- I wish youd do as I tell you for once.
Ti mun anh s lm nh c ln ti ni vi anh.
(Khng dng *for one time*)
(= on this one occasion, for a change: trong trng hp ny, thay i)
- The postman calls once a day.
Ngi a th thng gi ca mi ngy mt ln.
(Khng dng *one time a day*)
OPQR
L Lm Khang
(once, twice, three times, etc: .mt ln, hai ln, ba ln)
- Lets try once more/one time more/one more time.
Hy th thm mt ln na i.
- Please answer the phone at once.
Hy tr li in thoi ngay i.
(= immediately: ngay lp tc)
Organize, Arrange
- Weve arranged to meet next Friday.
Chng ti b tr gp nhau vo th su ti.
(Khng dng *organi/ed to meet*)
(planned and agreed: hoch nh v nht tr)
- Weve arranged/organized suprised party for Uncle Mathews eightieth birthday.
Chng ti t chc mt ba tic bt ng mng sinh nht ln th 80 ca bc
Mathew.
(= done everything that is necessary to ensure that it is a sucess: Ilm tt c nhng
g cn thit v tin chc rng n s thnh cng; arrange/organize + tn ng trc tip)
The Other - Other - Another - The Others - Others
Another ...: mt...no
S t, dng khi ni n mt i tng no khng xc nh
This book is boring. Give me another quyn sch ny chn qu a ti quyn khc
xem => quyn no cng c, khng xc nh.
Others : nhng .... khc
S nhiu, dng khi ni n nhng i tng no khng xc nh.
These books are boring. Give me others : nhng quyn sch ny chn qu, a ti
nhng quyn khc xem => tng t cu trn nhng s nhiu.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
The other : ...cn li
Xc nh, s t
I have two brothers. One is a doctor ; the other is a teacher.Ti c 2 ngoi anh. Mt
ngoi l bc s ngoi cn li l gio vin.
The others : nhng ...cn li
Xc nh, s nhiu
I have 4 brothers. One is a doctor ; the others are teachers.Ti c 4 ngoi anh. Mt
ngoi l bc s nhng ngoi cn li l gio vin.
The others = The other + N s nhiu
There are 5 books on the table. I don't like this book. I like the others = ( I like the
other books )
Lu l khi ch c 2 i tng th i tng u tin dng ONE i tng th 2
dng THE OTHER.
I have 2 brothers. One is a doctor, and the other is a teacher. Ti c 2 ngi anh.
Mt ngi l bc s, ngi kia l gio vin.
Take Over, Overtake
To take over l mt cm ng t c s dng khi mt cng ty/quc gia thn tnh
mt cng ty/quc gia khc. Dng ng t ca n l takeover.
During World War II, Hitlers army took over many territories in Europe.
To overtake l mt ng t c ngha l bt kp v vt. V d, nu ti v bn ang
chy trong mt cuc ua, c ti chy nhanh hn bn nhng sau bn bt u
chy nhanh hn v vt qua ti v chin thng cuc ua, bn overtake ti. T
ny c th c dng cho tc hoc cho s pht trin ni chung.
If Chinas economy keeps growing, it will eventually overtake the U.S.
Come Over, Overcome
OPQR
L Lm Khang
To come over l mt cm ng t c ngha l gh thm
hoc tip cn ai .
Sure, Ill help you with your homework. You can come over to my place after
class.
(= visit my house)
Mark and Debbie are coming over for dinner tomorrow night.
(= visit my house)
I was talking with my best friend, when John came over and interrupted us.
(= approached us)
To overcome mt th g c ngha l chin hoc mnh hn n. V d:
He overcame a lot of obstacles to build a million-dollar business.
(= he was stronger than the obstacles, and conquered them)
I was overcome with joy when I heard the good news.
(= the joy completely took over my emotions)
Look Over, Overlook
To look over l mt cm ng t c ngha l xem xt, kim tra li.
Can you look over this essay before I hand it in? I want to make sure there are no
mistakes.
(checking for errors)
We looked over the various brochures in the travel agency.
(reviewing in general)
To overlook c hai ngha:
1. Nhn xung t trn cao:
This apartment overlooks the ocean.
2. Khng nhn thy hoc ch thy mt th g , hoc c pht l n:
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L Lm Khang
Here are three interesting vacation destinations that tourists
often overlook. (= fail to notice)
Its best to overlook small offenses if you want to maintain a friendship. (=
deliberately ignore)
Think Over v Overthink
To think over l mt cm ng t c ngha l xem xt cn thn, c bit l trc
khi a ra mt quyt nh quan trng.
My company wants to transfer me to another country. Im not sure yet if Ill accept
the opportunity; Im still thinking it over.
Nhng nu bn overthink mt th g c ngha l bn suy ngh v n qu nhiu,
hn mc cn thit. V d, nu ng nghip ca bn b ra c ting ng h tho
lun v mt chi tit rt nh nh mu ca mt nt bm trn website cng ty, bn c
th ni:
Arent we overthinking this? Does it really matter what color the button is?
Do Over V Overdo
To do over l mt cm ng t c ngha l lm li thng l v c vn vi ln
u tin m bn lm vic .
I wrote a ten-page article, then accidentally deleted the file so I had to do the
whole thingover.
The boss said my presentation was too confusing, and asked me to do it over.
Bn cng c th dng ng t to redo trong nhng cu ny: I had to redo it v
asked me toredo it.
To overdo c ngha l lm qu, c x mt cch qu cng iu.
She overdid her diet and ended up in the hospital, malnourished.
If you havent exercised in a while, dont overdo it at the gym start slow.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
I thought the decorations at the wedding were overdone.
They had 10,000 flowers, for goodness sake it must have
cost a fortune!
Older V Elder
Elder ch dng vi ngi (vi vt, em buc phi dng older), v thng dng vi
ngi trong gia nh (vd elder sister/brother). Trong ng cnh ny, em cng c th
dng older, nhng elder brother th nghe trnh trng hn l older brother (v th c
nhiu ngi bn x trnh ko dng elder ni v anh ch em). Em cng ko th
dng elder trong ng cnh so snh kiu nh "He looks elder" or "he is 2 years elder
than me"
Parcel V Packet
u l nhng danh t m t mt bc, gi, b nhng vt dng c ct li vi
nhau.
1. Package v parcel c ngha: gi hng, bu kin, tc nhng th c ct chung
vi nhau v c bao gi li trong giy hoc t vo hp, thng c th d dng
mang i u hoc gi bu in. Hai t ny u thng dng.
The postman has brought a package for her.
(Ngi a th mang n cho c y mt bu kin).
2. Packet v pack c ngha: gi nh, bu kin nh. Thng thng nhng hng ho
bn trong ca hiu u c t trong nhng packet hoc pack. c lm bng
giy cc tng, ba cng hay bao b lm bng giy.
All she's ha to eat today is a packet crisps.
(Tt c nhng g m c ta n ngy hm nay l mt bch khoai ty chin).
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L Lm Khang
Hai t trn cn c ngha: bnh, kin hng nh dng vn
chuyn hng ha c mua hay bn. Mt pack l hng ho,
vt dng c ct cht li vi nhau, c bao bc li hoc t trong thng ln
ngi hay vt c th mang i.
Please V Thank
Please / pliz/ or thank (v): /k/
1. Please thng dng trong vai tr lm thn t nhng cng c dng trong vai tr
lm ng t.
Khi l ng t th please c ngha: lm vui lng, lm cho ai va .
Our aim is to please customers.
(Mc tiu ca chng ti l lm tho mn khch hng).
Khi c b ng trc tip th please thng c theo sau bng mt nguyn mu c "
to " .
I'm always pleased to meet a new member of the club.
(Ti lun vui lng gp g thnh vin mi ca cu lc b).
Theo sau cu trc th ng ca please cn c nhng mnh v nhng cm t bt
u t: with, by or about.
People in Britain are pleased that Prime Minister Tony Blair is meeting President
George Bush.
(Dn chng Anh hi lng l th tng Tony Blair s gp tng thng George Bush
).
Trong chc nng l t cm thn, please c dng nh mt hnh thc lch s khi
xin php, yu cu hoc ra lnh.
Would you go now, please !
(Xin ng vui lng i ngay cho).
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L Lm Khang
2. Thank khi l ng t th c ngha: cm n, bit n.
There's no need to thank me.
(Khng cn phi cm n ti).
nhn mnh ta c th thm very much
Thank you very much.
(Cm n anh nhiu lm).
Prohibit, Forbid, Not Allow
Kho st cc v d sau:
- Parking has been banned in this street. u xe trn con ng ny b cm.
Dng be banned (th ng cch) i vi nhng trng hp ngi ra lnh cm l
nh cm quyn.
- Cars have been banned from parking. Xe hi b cm u.
Mu cu: be banned from doing something (b cm lm iu g ).
- You are not allowed to park in this street. Anh khng c php u xe con
ng ny.
Khi ni ai khng c php lm g, dng not be allowed to do something.
- It is prohibited to park in this street. Cm u xe con ng ny.
It + be + prohibited + to infinitive : dng ch t gi "IT" vi prohibit.
- The Jews are forbidden to eat camels and prawns. Ngi Do Thi b cm n tht
lc v tm pa-an.
Dng be forbidden vi nhng s vic tn gio, tn ngng.
Pause, Stop
- The rain has stopped.
Ma tnh.
(Khng dng *paused*)
OPQR
L Lm Khang
(= finally ended: kt thc)
gia hn visa, lm h chiu
- I think its time we paused for a break.
Ti cho rng n lc chng ta tm gh.
(= stopped for a short period: ngh tm thi)
cch dng patron, owner, manager, boss
- The owner/manager/boss of a company is responsible for the welfare of all the
employees.
ng ch ca cng ty chu trch nhim v phc li ca tt c cc nhn vin.
(Khng dng *patron*)
- I want to see the manager.
Ti mun gp ng gim c.
(Khng dng *patron*)
dch v visa cho ngi nc ngoi, lm h chiu
(manager = ngi iu hnh, chu trch nhim v mt cng vic nhng khng nht
thit l owner; boss l ngi chu trch nhim chung, c th thu mt/nhiu
manager)
- He will always be remembered as a philanthropist /fln t .r.pst/ and patron
of the arts.
ng ta s c nhc n nh mt mnh thng qun v ngi bo tr ca ngh
thut.
(= a supporter, especially with money: ngi ng h, c bit bng tin)
Persuade v Convince
Persuade: thuyt phc ai lm mt vic g.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
V d: I tried to persuade her to see a doctor Ti c gng
thuyt phc c y i khm bc s.
Convince: ngha chnh ca t ny l thuyt phc ai tin rng iu g l ng.
V d: He convinced me he was right Anh ta thuyt phc ti rng anh ta ng.
Tuy nhin, thng thng ngi ta vn c th dng mi t ny ch c 2 ngha,
c bit convince c dng ng ngha vi persuade
V d: I persuaded/convinced her to see a doctor.
Mt s ngi ni ting Anh Anh ngh rng cch dng trn l khng ng.
Proved V Proven
1. Cch dng hin nay hu thun cho proved trong vai tr phn t qu kh ca
ng t prove.
The will has to be proved before we can inherit.
(Di chc phi c chng thc trc khi chng ta c th hng tha k).
Proven - mc d c chp nhn M trong vai tr lm phn t qu kh ca
prove c th s dng thay cho proved, nhng proven c dng nhiu trong vai
tr lm tnh t, nht l trong lnh vc bo ch.
The Nike running shoe is a proven success.
(Giy chy b hiu Nike l mt thnh cng c chng minh).
Trong cu trc vi nhng ng t lin kt, ta dng proven trong vai tr tnh t v
ng.
Nike's success is proven.
(S thnh cng ca Nike c chng minh).
2. Vic tranh ci cch s dng proven v proved din ra vo th k th 19. V
mt lch s thproven l qu kh phn t ca preven . u tin n dc dng trong
OPQR
L Lm Khang
lnh vc php lut, sau vovn chng v tr thnh
thng dng. Hin nay proved cng c dng trong chc
nng lm tnh t nhng t ph bin hn.
Postpone V Delay
Postpone:
* ng tpostpone l hu b mt s kin v thay chuyn vo mt ngy khc (to
change an event to a later time or date).
- The meeting was postponed until further notice=Bui hp hu v s hp khi c
thng co mi.
* Danh t l postponement.
Delay:
* ng t delay l tr hon, ch chm li, nhng s kin vn din ra.
- The game was postponed because of heavy snow=Cuc u banh b hon v c
tuyt nhiu.
- The meeting was delayed because the chairman was late=Bui hp b tr v ng
Ch tch ti tr.
- We cannot delay any longer=Chng ta khng th tr hon lu hn na.
- We must act without delay=Chng ta phi hnh ng ngay.
- Many people delay sending in their tax returns until the last day=Nhiu ngi
hon khai thu cho ti ngy cht.
* Danh t ca delay l delay.
- Another delay will postpone the space mission for a year=Mt ln hon na c
th hon cuc s mnh khng gian thm mt nm na.
Delay v postpone: nu c ng t theo sau th ng t th v-ing.
- He delayed starting=Anh ta hon chuyn khi hnh (s i tr hn).
OPQR
L Lm Khang
- He postponed leaving=Anh ta hon chuyn ri i (s i
vo hm khc).
- Theyve decided to postpone having a family until they finish college=H quyt
nh hon c con cho n khi hc xong i hc.
Prove V Test
1. Prove c ngha: chng t, chng minh, t ra. Nu ta prove rng mt vic g
ng, l tht th ta cung cp chng c xc minh cho vic .
The autopsy proved that he was drowned.
(Vic gio nghim t thi cho thy anh ta b cht ui).
Prove l ng t bt quy tc, nhng ngi M li s dng hnh thc phn t qu
kh bt quy tc: prove-proved-proven.
2. Khi ta tin hnh mt phng php thc hnh th xem mt ngi hay mt vt
tt xu n u, hay d nh th no, th ta khng ni l mnh prove ngi hay
vt m ta dng ng t test vi ngha: th nghim, xt nghim, kim tra.
A number of new techniques were tested.
(Mt s cc k thut mi c th nghim).
Pharmacy, Chemists, Drugstore
Anh, mt "chemist's" hoc "chemist" l ni ta c th mua dc phm, cc loi
m phm, du gi u...cng mt s dng khc.
She bought the perfume at the chemist's in Queen square.
(C y mua nc hoa ti ca hiu dc phm qung trng Queen).
Ti M, mt ca hiu ni ta c th mua c dc phm v cc loi m phm th
ta gi lDrugstore. Mt s drugstore cn bn c thc n nh, ung v c thuc
l na.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Pharmacy l phng bo ch, phng pht thuc nm trong
mt "chemist's" hay "drugstore " . Mtpharmacy c lp c
th nm trong siu th hoc mt s im kinh doanh ln.
He got a prescription drug at the pharmacy section of the drugstore.
(Anh y nhn thuc theo toa ti quy bo ch trong mt ca hiu dc phm).
Anh, "chemist's" cng c th m ch nh l mt "pharmacy".
Headmaster (n): /hedmst(r)/ or principal (adj): /prnspl/
Anh, gio vin ph trch mt trng hc th c gi l headmaster (ng hiu
trng) hayheadmistress (b hiu trng)
M, nhng danh t ny ch dng cho gio vin chu trch nhim ng u cc
trng t thc. Cn hiu trng cc trng hc loi khc th gi l principal .
Trong khi , principal l ngi ph trch mt trng cao ng, trng chuyn
nghip.
Cn M, ngi chu trch nhim ng u ca mt college th c gi l
president.
Propose V Intend
Propose c ngha: ngh, tin c.
She proposed that a messenger be sent.
(C y ngh l hy gi i mt s gi).
Propose cn c ngha: d tnh, tr nh. Vi ngha ny, propose khc vi ng t
intend ch,propose m ch vic hnh thnh mt k hoch, mt chng trnh
trc khi tin hnh hoc giao cho ai thc hin, ttrong khi intend ng l c mc
ch hay k hoch trong u v t mun thc hin.
We propose to beautify our city.
(Chng ti d tnh lm p thnh ph ca mnh).
OPQR
L Lm Khang
We intend to live in a month.
(Chng ti tnh s i trong vng mt thng).
Programme V Program
Hai t trn c ngha l: chng trnh, tit mc pht thanh hay truyn hnh, k
hoch hay cng lnh...
This is the last programme in our series on education.
(y l trng trnh cui trong hng lot chng trnh v gio dc ca chng ti).
There's an interesting program on television tonight.
(Ti nay trn ti vi c mt chng trnh hp dn).
Trong lnh vc vi tnh, c ngi Anh v M u dng program khi ni v chng
trnh ca my tnh.
Whatever you do, you must run an anti-virus program on you computer at all
times.
(Bt k lm g, lc no bn cng phi cho chy trng trnh chng vi rt trn my
tnh ca bn).
Nhng khi ni v lp trnh vin, tc chuyn vin lp chng trnh cho my tnh th
ngi M gi l " computer programmer " .
Professor V Teacher
1. Professor l cp hm gio s cao nht, l danh hiu cao nht ph trch b mn
trong cc trng hc Anh.
He was professor of Spanish literature at Oxford University.
(ng y l gio s b mn vn chng Ty Ban Nha ti i hc Oxford).
Ti cc university v college ca M, professor dng ch nhng ging vin thm
nin, ch khng nht thit phi l ngi ng u b mn.
She was made professor at the age of 45.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
(B y c phong hm gio s lc 45 tui).
Professor cng c dng ch nhng ging vin, hun
luyn vin mt s mn ngh thut hoc th thao.
2. Teacher l: gio vin, ging vin, thy c gio, l danh t dng ch nhng
ngi ng lp, ph trch ging dy ti cc trng hc.
She is my French teacher.
(B y l gio vin ting Php ca ti).
Prevent, Protect V Preventive, Preventative
1. Prevent or protect.
Prevent c ngha: ngn chn, cn tr, ngn nga. Cm t thng dng l " prevent
somebody/ something from doing something " .
There is nothing to prevent us from going.
(Khng c g ngn cn c chng ti ra i c).
Ta khng dng " prevent...to do " .
Protect ni rng mt vt g gi cho ta an ton khi mt vt c th gy hi khc.
Babies are protected against diseases by their mother's milk.
(Nhng hi nhi c bo v chng li bnh tt nh sa m).
2. Preventive or preventative.
y l hai t c cng ngha: phng nga, ngn chn, nh khi ta ni " preventive
medicine " (y hc phng bnh, dc phm phng bnh), " preventive measures "
(Cc bin php ngn nga),...
Mt s nh vn t cu hi, nu c hai t c ngha tng t v cng mt ngha th
ti sao ta khng dng ngn gn hn, h mun c xu vic dng preventive v t
ny ngn gn hn.
Precede v Proceed
OPQR
L Lm Khang
1. ng t precede c ngha: i trc, ng trc, n
trc. Precede l mt t quan trng.
The governor entered, preceded by some of his bodyguards.
ng thng c bc vo, i pha trc l mt vi v s ca ng.
Nhiu ngi bin tp cc sch bo tng cnh gic vic vit sai chnh t precede
thnh preceed.
2. Cn ng t proceed c ngha: tin hnh, tip tc hnh ng.
I would request that we could proceed for twenty more minutes if you could do
that.
(Ti xin ngh chng ta tip tc thm 20 pht na nu nh bn c th lm c
iu .)
Nu ta tin hnh lm mt vic g, th thng thng ta lm cng vic sau khi
hon tt mt cng vic khc. Trong ting Anh trang trng v trong cch vit
truyn, proceed cn c ngha l i v mt hng no .
He proceeded downstairs.
(Anh y i xung tn di.)
Do s ln ln gia hai ng t precede v proceed nn thnh thong cng c ngi
vit sai l procede thay v proceed.
Play V Game
1. Khi l danh t khng m c, play mang ngha tng qut: s chi, cuc chi.
My father's life is all work and no play.
(Cuc i ca cha ti ton l lm vic ch khng chi bi g c).
They learned a great deal thought play.
(H hc c nhiu th thng qua vui chi).
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Play cng thng dng vi ngha: v kch, tc nhng kch
bn c vit dn dng trn sn khu. Vi ngha ny
play l danh t m c.
It's her favourite Shakespeare play.
( l v kch Shakespeare a thch ca b ta).
Game dng m ch cc tr chi hay cc mn th thao trong hai hay nhiu
ngi thi u vi nhau.
We need two people to play this game.
(Chng ta cn hai ngi chi tr chi ny).
2. ng t play c rt nhiu ngha.
Tham gia vo mt mn th thao, chi mt tr chi.
Have you ever played volleyball ?
(Bn bao gi chi bng chuyn cha ? ).
S dng, chi mt dng c m nhc nh dng cm, so...trc cc danh t ny ta
phi dng mo t xc nh " the " .
She plays the piano in the cathedral.
(C y chi n dng cm trong thnh ng).
Piece V Bit
L hai t dng ni v mt lng nh, c ngha: mu, ming, mt cht.
1. Piece v bit l hai t thng dng khi ta mun ni n mt lng gii hn, mt s
t ca mt vt g v thng c din t bng mt cm t " a piece of..." hay " a bit
of..." c t trc cc danh t khng m c. Bit l t thng dng v m ch
mt lng kh nh.
A piece/ bit of chocolate.
(Mt ming s c la).
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Some pieces/ bits of wood/ cheese.
(Vi mnh g, vi mu pho mt).
2. Piece v bit thng c thay th bng mt t r rng. C nhiu t t thng
dng hn piece vbit nhng li thch hp ng trc mt s danh t c th no
ch mt lng nh.
A bar of candy/ soap.
(Mt thi ko, mt bnh hay mt cc x phng).
A blade of corn.
(Mt l bp).
An item of news.
(Mt mu thng tin).
A lump of clay.
(Mt cc t st).
3. Mt s t ch nhng khi lng nh ny c th c dng trong mt cu trc
ph nh.
There isn't a grain of truth in it.
(Chng c mt cht s thc no trong vic y c).
There wasn't a breath of wind.
(Chng h c ly mt ln gi thong).
Partially V Partly
Hai trng t ny tng c thi ng ngha vi nhau v c th thay th cho nhau
c. Nhng dn th ng ngha ca hai t ny c .
Partly ng n mt phn ca ci ton b, ton th, cn partially hm mt mc
gii hn, tc ni n ci cn thiu, cha hon thnh.
He has only partially succeeded in it.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
(Trong vic , anh ta ch thnh cng c mc thi).
He was only partly responsible for the accident.
(Anh y ch chu mt phn trch nhim trong v tai nn).
Nhng ngi ta thng dng partially cn cho rng t ny nghe c v m tai hn
v c dng nhiu trong chc nng lm b ng cho tnh t hoc phn t qu kh.
The snow was partiallymelted.
(Tuyt tan thnh tng phn).
Partly c dng nhiu hn partially khi ng trc mnh hoc cm t vi mc
ch gii thch thm cho r.
Partly because they didn't like the hard life in Argentina.
(Mt phn l v h khng thch cuc sng kh khn Argentina).
Poach V Boil, Steam
luc, un si, hp...ta dng t boil, steam v poach.
Khi ta boil mt vt g, tc l ta un si, luc vt trong nc si.
Please boil two eggs for me.
(Lm n luc cho ti hai qu trng).
Khi nu ci g m ta la riu riu, cho nc si ln tn m t nc, tc l ta
poach nh khi ta kho c hay tht.
Steam l hp, chng nh khi chng c, hp rau...
Steam the fish and vegetables over the rice for 10 minutes.
(Hy hp c v rau trong ni cm 10 pht).
Pare, Trim V Prune
1. Trim l ta, ct cht t cho gn hn, nh ct ta tc, ru, xn ta cy...
Now is a good time to trim conifers.
(By gi l thi im tt ct ta nhng cy tng).
OPQR
L Lm Khang
2. Prune ch hnh ng ta cnh cu kh hay ta bt nhng
nhnh cy nhng nhnh cn li pht trin tt hn.
They pruned back the longer branches.
(H ta bt nhng nhnh cy di).
3. Pare cng c ngha l ct ta nh ct bt mng tay, nhng thng dng vi ngha:
gt, tc ct b lp v bc ngoi, nh gt v nhng c khoai ty "to pare potatos",
gt v mt tri to "to pare an apple"...
Politics, Policy, Politic, Political

1. Politics l danh t c ngha : chnh tr, hot ng chnh tr, quan im chnh tr.
Politics c dng theo hai cch v ng t theo sau n c th hnh thc s t
hoc s nhiu.
Khi politics hm n cng vic chnh tr , i sng chnh tr ca mt quc gia
hoc x hi th ta c th dng ng t s t hay s nhiu ( thng dng ng t
s nhiu khi ni n quan im chnh tr ca mt ngi no ), nhng hu ht
mi ngi dng hnh thc s t.
E.g.1 His politics are his own affair.
=> Quan im chnh tr ca ng y l vic ring ca ng.
Politics cng ng n vic nghin cu phng thc qun l, iu hnh v mt
nh nc. Vi ngha ny, ng t theo sau phi s t.
E.g.2 Politics is a wide subject.
=> Chnh tr l mt ti rng ln.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
2. Policy l danh t c ngha: Chnh sch, tc nhng k
hoch hnh ng c th, nhng ng li m mt chnh
ph, mt chnh ng, mt t chca ra hoc thc hin.
E.g.3 There is no change in our policy.
=> Khng c thay i no trong chnh sch ca chng ti.
3. Politic v political l nhng tnh t. Political c ngha: lin quan hoc thuc v
chnh tr, cn politic th cng tng hm ngha thuc v chnh tr nhng ngha ny
hin nay khng cn dng na ngoi tr cm t body politic ng c ch chnh
tr) m politic thng dng vi ngha: sng sut, khn kho.
E.g.4 The Israeli government is facing another political crisits.
=> Chnh ph Israeli ang i din vi mt cuc khng hong chnh tr khc.
T liu tham kho: " Dictionary of English Usage "
Presently V At Present
Trng t presently c cch dng khc nhau gia ngi Anh v ngi M.
1. Presently thng c ngi Anh s dng vi ngha: ngay, sm, mt lt na,
khng tr hn, chng bao lu (not now, later, in a minute).
E.g.1 Ill be with you presently.
=> Ti s n vi bn ngay.
E.g.2 Presently, an old lady in a white coat came in.
=> Mt lt sau, mt b lo mc chic o khot mu trng bc vo.
Vi ngha sm, ngay, trng t presently thng c t cui cu , cn vi
ngha trong mt lt, chng bao lu th presently c t u cu. C hai cch
ny hin nay b xem l kh li thi.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
2. Ngi M thng dng presently sau ng t to be vi
ngha: by gi, lc ny y (now, at present). Vi ngi
Anh, cch dng ny kh mi m v ang dn dn cng tr nn thng dng, nhng
mt s ngi Anh vn cha chp nhn.
E.g.3 He is presently developing a number of projects.
=> Anh y hin ang trin khai mt s d n.
Ta hy so snh gia hai cch dng:
E.g.4 The police will be here presently.
=> Cnh st s ti y ngay.
E.g.5 The police are presently making enquiries.
=> Cnh st hin ang tra hi.
Thay v tranh ci, mt s ngi quay sang dng at present thay cho presently. Bn
cnh vic dng at present sau ng t to be thay cho v tr ca presently, ngi ta
cn c th t at present ngay u hay cui ca mt mnh v nn nh l ta
khng th lm th vi presently theo ngha by gi, lc ny.
E.g.6 He is at present serving a life sentence.
=> Anh ta hin ang th hnh n t chng thn.
E.g.7 At present, there is a world energy shortage.
=> C s thiu ht nng lng ton cu hin nay.
Thc ra, vic dng presently vi ngha at present c t th k 15. n th k
17, ngi ta thi khng dng presently vi ngha ny trong vn chng na nhng
tip tc tc s dng trong cc lnh vc khc. V presently vi ngha lc ny, by
gi tr nn thng dng hn M trong th k 20.
Precede v Proceed
OPQR
L Lm Khang
1. ng t precede c ngha: i trc, ng trc, n
trc. Precede l mt t quan trng.
The governor entered, preceded by some of his bodyguards.
ng thng c bc vo, i pha trc l mt vi v s ca ng.
Nhiu ngi bin tp cc sch bo tng cnh gic vic vit sai chnh t precede
thnh preceed.
2. Cn ng t proceed c ngha: tin hnh, tip tc hnh ng.
I would request that we could proceed for twenty more minutes if you could do
that.
(Ti xin ngh chng ta tip tc thm 20 pht na nu nh bn c th lm c
iu .)
Nu ta tin hnh lm mt vic g, th thng thng ta lm cng vic sau khi
hon tt mt cng vic khc. Trong ting Anh trang trng v trong cch vit
truyn, proceed cn c ngha l i v mt hng no .
He proceeded downstairs.
(Anh y i xung tn di.)
Do s ln ln gia hai ng t precede v proceed nn thnh thong cng c ngi
vit sai l procede thay v proceed.
Politics, Policy, Politic, Political
1. Politics l danh t c ngha : chnh tr, hot ng chnh tr, quan im chnh tr.
Politics c dng theo hai cch v ng t theo sau n c th hnh thc s t
hoc s nhiu.
Khi politics hm n cng vic chnh tr , i sng chnh tr ca mt quc gia
hoc x hi th ta c th dng ng t s t hay s nhiu ( thng dng ng t
OPQR
L Lm Khang
s nhiu khi ni n quan im chnh tr ca mt ngi
no ), nhng hu ht mi ngi dng hnh thc s t.
E.g.1 His politics are his own affair.
=> Quan im chnh tr ca ng y l vic ring ca ng.
Politics cng ng n vic nghin cu phng thc qun l, iu hnh v mt
nh nc. Vi ngha ny, ng t theo sau phi s t.
E.g.2 Politics is a wide subject.
=> Chnh tr l mt ti rng ln.
2. Policy l danh t c ngha: Chnh sch, tc nhng k hoch hnh ng c th,
nhng ng li m mt chnh ph, mt chnh ng, mt t chca ra hoc
thc hin.
E.g.3 There is no change in our policy.
=> Khng c thay i no trong chnh sch ca chng ti.
3. Politic v political l nhng tnh t. Political c ngha: lin quan hoc thuc v
chnh tr, cn politic th cng tng hm ngha thuc v chnh tr nhng ngha ny
hin nay khng cn dng na ngoi tr cm t body politic ng c ch chnh
tr) m politic thng dng vi ngha: sng sut, khn kho.
E.g.4 The Israeli government is facing another political crisits.
=> Chnh ph Israeli ang i din vi mt cuc khng hong chnh tr khc.
T liu tham kho: " Dictionary of English Usage "
Presently V At Present
Trng t presently c cch dng khc nhau gia ngi Anh v ngi M.
1. Presently thng c ngi Anh s dng vi ngha: ngay, sm, mt lt na,
khng tr hn, chng bao lu (not now, later, in a minute).
E.g.1 Ill be with you presently.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
=> Ti s n vi bn ngay.
E.g.2 Presently, an old lady in a white coat came in.
=> Mt lt sau, mt b lo mc chic o khot mu trng bc vo.
Vi ngha sm, ngay, trng t presently thng c t cui cu , cn vi
ngha trong mt lt, chng bao lu th presently c t u cu. C hai cch
ny hin nay b xem l kh li thi.
2. Ngi M thng dng presently sau ng t to be vi ngha: by gi, lc ny
y (now, at present). Vi ngi Anh, cch dng ny kh mi m v ang dn dn
cng tr nn thng dng, nhng mt s ngi Anh vn cha chp nhn.
E.g.3 He is presently developing a number of projects.
=> Anh y hin ang trin khai mt s d n.
Ta hy so snh gia hai cch dng:
E.g.4 The police will be here presently.
=> Cnh st s ti y ngay.
E.g.5 The police are presently making enquiries.
=> Cnh st hin ang tra hi.
Thay v tranh ci, mt s ngi quay sang dng at present thay cho presently. Bn
cnh vic dng at present sau ng t to be thay cho v tr ca presently, ngi ta
cn c th t at present ngay u hay cui ca mt mnh v nn nh l ta
khng th lm th vi presently theo ngha by gi, lc ny.
E.g.6 He is at present serving a life sentence.
=> Anh ta hin ang th hnh n t chng thn.
E.g.7 At present, there is a world energy shortage.
=> C s thiu ht nng lng ton cu hin nay.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Thc ra, vic dng presently vi ngha at present c
t th k 15. n th k 17, ngi ta thi khng dng
presently vi ngha ny trong vn chng na nhng tip tc tc s dng trong cc
lnh vc khc. V presently vi ngha lc ny, by gi tr nn thng dng hn
M trong th k 20.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Passed V Past
L hai tnh t rt d b dng ln ln, nht l vi Past trong
vai tr l tnh t. C hai t ny u c ngha l qua, nhng cn lu .
1. Passed l hnh thc qu kh v phn t qu kh ca 'Pass' c ngha l "vt qua,
i ngang qua"
E.g. He passed the same building on his way to work each day.
=> Anh y i qua nhng ta nh nh th trn ng ti ni lm vic mi ngy.
2. Past: C nhiu chc nng: danh t, tnh t, trng t, gii t. (c ngha: trong qu
kh, qua, vt qua)
+ Dng nh danh t:
E.g. The lessons of the past should not be forgotten.
=> Khng nn qun nhng bi hc trong qu kh.
+ Dng nh tnh t:
E.g. He has not met her in the past few days.
=> Anh y khng gp c y trong mt vi ngy qua.
+ Dng nh trng t:
E.g. He's past his house.
=> Anh y chy qua kh cn nh .
+Dng nh gii t:
E.g.1. He's past his fifties.
=> ng y qua tui 50.
E.g.2. It was past midnight when we went out.
=> Khi chng ti i ra ngoi th tri qu na m.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Pace, Plod, Trudge
y u l nhng ng t ni n hnh ng bc i.
1. Pace: i tng bc thong th, u n.
E.g. He paced up and down, waiting for the bus.
=> ng y i i li li ch xe but.
2. Plod v Trudge: L hai ng t din t ng tc i mt cch chm chp, u oi.
Plod i mt cch nng nhc, r ri, mt mi.
E.g. They ploded on through the rain for an hour and a half.
=> H chm ri tip tc li b trong ma mt gi ri ng h.
3. Cn Trudge m ch nhng bc i nng nhc nhng gan l, c quyt tm, c
gng ti ni mnh d nh.
E.g. The farmer trudged to the village to buy his supples.
=> Ngi nng dn c l bc n lng mua dng.
Point Of View v View
View : dng trong nhng ng cnh sau:
+ Quan im, thi c nhn v iu g .
E.g.1. His views on the subject were well known.
=> Nhng quan im ca anh ta v mn hc ny rt tt.
E.g.2. This evidence supports the view that there is too much violence on
television.
=> Bng chng ny cng c cho quan im rng c qu nhiu s qu khch trn
truyn hnh.
+ Cch hiu hay ngh v iu g .
E.g.1. He has an optimistic view of life.
=> ng y c mt quan im sng rt lc quan.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
E.g.2. The book gives readers an inside view of political
life.
=> Cun sch ny mang n cho ngi c mt ci nhn su hn v i sng mang
tnh chnh tr.
+ Tm nhn trong mt v tr no .
E.g.1. The lake soon came into view.
=> Con h ny sm i vo vin cnh.
E.g.2. Sit downyou're blocking my view.
=> Ngi xung i - Bn che khut tm nhn ca ti.
+ Cnh, khung cnh.
E.g. The view from the top of the tower was spectacular.
=> Khung cnh nhn t trn nh ca th trn ny rt n tng.
+ Trin lm, trng by v ci g .
E.g. A private view (= for example, of an art exhibition).
=> Mt cuc trin lm ca c nhn.
2. Point of View: Mt kha cnh c xem xt theo cch ring, hoc nhng kha
cnh m h cm thy c sc nh hng ti h hoc kha cnh m h quan tm.
E.g.1. From the commercial point of view, they have little to lose.
=> Xt theo kha cnh kinh t, h thit hi rt t.
E.g.2. We understand your point of view.
=> Chng ti hiu kha cnh m bn ang quan tm ti.
Persecute /pskjut/: Lm kh, quy ri, ngc i, hnh h.
E.g.1. Throughout history, people have been persecuted for their religious beliefs.
=> V qu trnh lch s m mi ngi b ngc i v tn ngng ca h.
E.g.2. Why are the media persecuting him like this?
OPQR
L Lm Khang
=> Ti sao nhng phng tin truyn thng ny li lm
phin bn nh th ny?
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Pare V Pair
1. Pare: c ngha l sp t li mt ci g lp ngoi,
pha ngoi, c bit l tri cy.
E.g. She pared the apple.
=> C ta xp li lp to pha ngoi ny.
+ Pare cn c ngha l gim ng k v s lng, kch thc.
E.g. The workforce has been pared to the bone.
=> Lc lng lao ng b ct gim ti mc thp nht c th.
+ C th s dng khi ni ct b ci g .
E.g. She has just pared her nail.
=> C ta va mi ct mng tay.
2. Pair: c ngha l i, cp.
E.g. The vase is one of a matching pair.
=> Bnh hoa ny l mt chic trong mt cp bnh.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Passed V Past
L hai tnh t rt d b dng ln ln, nht l vi Past trong
vai tr l tnh t. C hai t ny u c ngha l qua, nhng cn lu .
1. Passed l hnh thc qu kh v phn t qu kh ca 'Pass' c ngha l "vt qua,
i ngang qua"
E.g. He passed the same building on his way to work each day.
=> Anh y i qua nhng ta nh nh th trn ng ti ni lm vic mi ngy.
2. Past: C nhiu chc nng: danh t, tnh t, trng t, gii t. (c ngha: trong qu
kh, qua, vt qua)
+ Dng nh danh t:
E.g. The lessons of the past should not be forgotten.
=> Khng nn qun nhng bi hc trong qu kh.
+ Dng nh tnh t:
E.g. He has not met her in the past few days.
=> Anh y khng gp c y trong mt vi ngy qua.
+ Dng nh trng t:
E.g. He's past his house.
=> Anh y chy qua kh cn nh .
+Dng nh gii t:
E.g.1. He's past his fifties.
=> ng y qua tui 50.
E.g.2. It was past midnight when we went out.
=> Khi chng ti i ra ngoi th tri qu na m.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Pace, Plod, Trudge
y u l nhng ng t ni n hnh ng bc i.
1. Pace: i tng bc thong th, u n.
E.g. He paced up and down, waiting for the bus.
=> ng y i i li li ch xe but.
2. Plod v Trudge: L hai ng t din t ng tc i mt cch chm chp, u oi.
Plod i mt cch nng nhc, r ri, mt mi.
E.g. They ploded on through the rain for an hour and a half.
=> H chm ri tip tc li b trong ma mt gi ri ng h.
3. Cn Trudge m ch nhng bc i nng nhc nhng gan l, c quyt tm, c
gng ti ni mnh d nh.
E.g. The farmer trudged to the village to buy his supples.
=> Ngi nng dn c l bc n lng mua dng.
Point Of View v View
View : dng trong nhng ng cnh sau:
+ Quan im, thi c nhn v iu g .
E.g.1. His views on the subject were well known.
=> Nhng quan im ca anh ta v mn hc ny rt tt.
E.g.2. This evidence supports the view that there is too much violence on
television.
=> Bng chng ny cng c cho quan im rng c qu nhiu s qu khch trn
truyn hnh.
+ Cch hiu hay ngh v iu g .
E.g.1. He has an optimistic view of life.
=> ng y c mt quan im sng rt lc quan.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
E.g.2. The book gives readers an inside view of political
life.
=> Cun sch ny mang n cho ngi c mt ci nhn su hn v i sng mang
tnh chnh tr.
+ Tm nhn trong mt v tr no .
E.g.1. The lake soon came into view.
=> Con h ny sm i vo vin cnh.
E.g.2. Sit downyou're blocking my view.
=> Ngi xung i - Bn che khut tm nhn ca ti.
+ Cnh, khung cnh.
E.g. The view from the top of the tower was spectacular.
=> Khung cnh nhn t trn nh ca th trn ny rt n tng.
+ Trin lm, trng by v ci g .
E.g. A private view (= for example, of an art exhibition).
=> Mt cuc trin lm ca c nhn.
2. Point of View: Mt kha cnh c xem xt theo cch ring, hoc nhng kha
cnh m h cm thy c sc nh hng ti h hoc kha cnh m h quan tm.
E.g.1. From the commercial point of view, they have little to lose.
=> Xt theo kha cnh kinh t, h thit hi rt t.
E.g.2. We understand your point of view.
=> Chng ti hiu kha cnh m bn ang quan tm ti.
Persecute /pskjut/: Lm kh, quy ri, ngc i, hnh h.
E.g.1. Throughout history, people have been persecuted for their religious beliefs.
=> V qu trnh lch s m mi ngi b ngc i v tn ngng ca h.
E.g.2. Why are the media persecuting him like this?
OPQR
L Lm Khang
=> Ti sao nhng phng tin truyn thng ny li lm
phin bn nh th ny?
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Pare V Pair
1. Pare: c ngha l sp t li mt ci g lp ngoi,
pha ngoi, c bit l tri cy.
E.g. She pared the apple.
=> C ta xp li lp to pha ngoi ny.
+ Pare cn c ngha l gim ng k v s lng, kch thc.
E.g. The workforce has been pared to the bone.
=> Lc lng lao ng b ct gim ti mc thp nht c th.
+ C th s dng khi ni ct b ci g .
E.g. She has just pared her nail.
=> C ta va mi ct mng tay.
2. Pair: c ngha l i, cp.
E.g. The vase is one of a matching pair.
=> Bnh hoa ny l mt chic trong mt cp bnh.
Practice V Practise
C hai t c pht m ging nhau.
Anh khi ni v s rn luyn, thc hnh, hnh ngh, tp luyn th ngi ta thng
dng ti tpractice v practise.
They haven't been practising enough.
(H khng tp luyn y ).
Khi dng danh t practice vi ngha: rn luyn, hnh ngh th n l danh t khng
m c.
Playing the guitar well requires a lot of practice.
( chi n ghi ta gii th cn phi luyn tp nhiu).
Practice vi ngha: l thng, thi quen u n th n l danh t m c.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
He began the practice of holding regular meetings.
(ng y bt u c thi quen t chc hi hp thng
xuyn).
Photo, Picture v Image
T Photo l vit tt ca photograph, ch c ngha l bc nh, cn picture c ngha
rng hn, trong trng hp khc picture cn ch bc tranh v.
Thng thng th photo v picture c th s dng nh nhau, u c ngha l bc
nh chp. - Would you mind taking a photo of me?(Anh c th chp gip em mt
bc nh c khng?)
- Could you take a picture of me?
Hai cch ni u c ngha ging nhau.
* T photo l vit tt ca photograph, ch c ngha l bc nh, cn picture c ngha
rng hn, trong trng hp khc picture cn ch bc tranh v, ging nh my
tm tranh do cc bn nh v treo cu thang.
hon cnh khc na, picture cn c th l s in hnh, s hin thn.
- She is the picture of her mother.
(C y l hin thn ca m mnh)
- Linhs style is the picture of teenagers.
(Phong cch ca Linh l in hnh ca tui teen)
* Image thng c hiu theo ngha l hnh tng, cnh tng hay hnh nh trong
tm tr.
- The image of professional staff makes a nice impression on students.
(Hnh nh v i ng nhn vin chuyn nghip to ra n tng p i vi cc hc
vin)
- I often use the image of Doraemon to describe Johns figure.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
(Ti thng dng hnh tng Doraemon miu t dng
vc ca John)
Persons V People
Person:
- Ngi, mt ngi n ng, mt ngi n b, mt em nh (an individual).
Salesperson=ngi bn hng.
(What kind of person is she=C ta l ngi th no?)
- In person=t mnh lm ly, khng nh ai, chnh mnh hin din.
(You must sign these papers in person=Bn phi t mnh k nhng giy ny.)
People: s nhiu ca person:
- How many people were at the concert?=C bao nhiu ngi ti d bui ha
nhc?
- Advertising is aimed at young people=Qung co nhm vo gii tr.
Persons:
- Trng hp PERSONS=PEOPLE: Three persons were present=Three people
were present: C ba ngi c mt.
- Dng persons vi ngha trnh trng (official) nh trong mt tm bng:
Unauthorized persons will be escorted from the building=Ngi l mt s b nhn
vin an ninh a ra khi to nh.
People/Peoples: ngi dn, thng dn mt x, nhn dn, dn tc, ngi ta (ni
chung). Lu : People vn l s nhiu ca person, nhng khi thm "s", peoples c
ngha nhng dn tc.
- The mayor should remember that he was elected to serve the people=ng th
trng nn nh rng ng c bu phc v nhn dn.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
- The American people=dn tc M
- The peoples of Asia=cc dn tc chu
- The two peoples borders=bin gii ca hai dn tc
- The people in Washington want better schools for their children=Dn th
Washington mun c trng tt hn cho con h.
- People dont like to be kept waiting=Ngi ta khng mun ch.
You people (khng c "s"=cc ngi, my ngi: ting dng ni vi mt nhm
ngi, khi gin)
- Do you people have any idea how much trouble youve caused?=My ngi c
bit my ngi gy ra bao phin toi khng?
Verb: To people thng dng passive: di dn, c tr, hoc sinh sng u.
(A densely peopled area=a densely populated area=khu ng ngi )
- The cafs downtown are peopled with college students=My phng tr trn ph
ng sinh vin n ung.
- One quarter in Miami has traditionally been peopled by Cubans=Mt khu
Miami theo truyn thng c nhiu dn t Cuba n lp nghip.
Tm li: Person l mt ngi vi ngha c th, mt c nhn c c tnh ring bit
(Shes not an easy person to deal with=B ta kh tnh lm).
Persons: dng khi s ngi xc nh hoc ngha trnh trng.
People: dng khi c nhiu ngi, c ngha ngi dn, nhn dn, ngi ta, dn tc.
Peoples l s nhiu ca a people (dn tc).
Produce V Product
1. Produce c th l ng t hay l danh t. Khi l ng t th c ngha: sn xut,
ch to ra.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Her factory has produced domestic electrical goods.
(Nh my b y sn xut cc mt hng in ni a).
Money alone does a produce happiness.
(Ch ring tin bc th khng to ra hnh phc).
L danh t th produce c ngha: sn phm, sn vt, nh ta thng thy trn bao b
cc sn phm xut khu ca nc ta hay ghi dng ch " Produce of Vietnam " .
Try to buy produce that originates in this country.
(Hy c gng mua sn phm xut x t nc ny).
2. Product lun l danh t vi ngha: sn phm, hng ho do mt nc, cng
ty...sn xut ra.Product dng bao qut rng hn.
He is a true product of his time.
(ng y l mt sn phm ch thc ca thi i ng ta).
Power, Strength, Force
L nhng t ni v sc mnh, quyn lc, kh nng lm iu g.
1. Power c ngha: kh nng, quyn lc, tc kh nng lm vic hay tin hnh
mt hnh ng g. Mt ngi c power th h c th kim sot nhng ngi khc
cng hnh vi ca nhng ngi .
One has the power to do something.
(Ngi ta c kh nng lm mt ci g ).
It gave the Prime Minister too much power.
(iu to cho Th Tng qu nhiu quyn hnh).
2. Force c ngha: sc mnh, sc lc, v lc.
The police took the prisoners away by force.
(Cnh st dng v lc bt cc t nhn i).
OPQR
L Lm Khang
3. Khi ni n sc mnh ca th cht ta dng strength, c
ngha: sc kho, sc mnh th cht, kh nng c hu ca
mt ngi.
I haven't the strength to carry this table.
(Ti khng c sc vc ci bn ny).
Post, Mail, Postage
y chng ta ch cp n ngha ca post v mail lin quan n th t v bu
kin so snh.
Dch v cng cng m th tn v bu kin c phn loi, chn lc ri gi i
thng c gi lpost Anh v mail M.
The parcel was damaged in the post.
(Bu kin b h hi ti bu in).
Ngi Anh cng gi th t, bu kin m h gi i hay nhn c l post, cn
ngi M th gi lmail.
She started to read her mail.
(C y bt u c th t ca mnh).
There was a big post this morning.
(Sng nay c nhiu th).
V ng t gi, b th, th ngi Anh dng post v ngi M dng mail.
A lot of her letters had been posted.
(Nhiu th ca c y c gi i).
I'll mail it to you soon.
(Ti s sm gi ci cho anh).
Postage vi ngha: bu ph, m ch n khon tin m ta chi tr khi ta gi th t,
bu phm.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
What is the postage for a letter to Vietnam ?
(Bu ph gi mt bc th v Vit Nam l bao nhiu ? ).
Possible V Possibly
1. Possible rt thng dng trong vai tr lm tnh t vi ngha: c th, c th c.
It is possible that she left.
(C th l c y i).
Ta cng dng possible ni rng mt vic g c th l ng hoc l s tht.
It is possible that she said these things.
(C th l c ta ni nhng iu nh th ny).
Possible thng dng trong cc cm t nh " as soon as possible " (ngay khi c
th, cng sm cng tt) v " as much as possible " (mc ti a c th).
Let's get married as soon as possible.
(Chng ta hy m ci cng sm cng tt).
I like to know as much as possible about my girlfriend.
(Ti mun bit cng nhiu cng tt v bn gi ca mnh).
2. Possibly c ngha: c l, c th.
Nguyen Ngoc Tu was possibly the greatest writer of her generation.
(Nguyn Ngc T c l l nh vn tm c nht trong th h ca c y).
Ta dng possibly trong cu hi khi cn nh mt ngi no lm mt vic g. y
l cch nh v lch s.
Could you possibly check this information for me ?
(Anh c th kim tra thng tin ny cho ti c khng ? ).
Particular, Special and Especial
C 3 t "special, especial, particular" u c s khc nhau v mt ngha v cch
s dng.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
* Special l mt tnh t thng gp, dng ch nhng vt,
s vic, con ngi c c im hay tnh cht khc bit so
vi nhng vt, s vic, ngi khc.
Khi dng tnh t special, ngi ni mun nhn mnh n s khc bit so vi
nhng ci bnh thng, thng thng khc (distinguished).
- You're a very special person in my life - never forget that.
ng bao gi qun rng em l mt ngi rt c bit trong cuc i anh.
=> ngi ni mun nhn mnh em ch khng phi l mt ngi no khc
* Especial t c s dng hn, ch trng hp ni tri, ng ch hn hn khi
c so snh vi nhng trng hp khc. Hin nay, especial ch c dng vi
mt s danh t nh value, interest... Especial thng nhn mnh s ngoi l
(exceptional ).
- The lecture will be of especial interest to history students.
Bi ging ny s c bit thu ht nhng sinh vin lch s.
* Thng th ngi ta hay nhm ln gia hai tnh t especial v special v chng c
ngha hi ging nhau, u ch s c bit nhng particular li mang mt ngha
hon ton khc.
Particular cng l mt tnh t thng gp, dng ch nhng c nhn, s vt, s
vic c th, chi tit. Tnh t ny nhn mnh vo s c th (specific) ch khng phi
s chung chung (general).
- There is one particular patient Id like you to see.
Ti mun anh khm cho mt bnh nhn c bit ny.
* Ba tnh t ny tuy c ngha v cch s dng khc nhau nhng hai ph t
especially v particularly li c cng ngha c bit hn tt c (above all) v
OPQR
L Lm Khang
c dng nhm mc ch nhn mnh. Hai ph t ny
cng ng ngha vi thnh ng in particular.
- The road between Cairo and Alexandria is particularly dangerous at night.
Con ng ni Cairo v Alexandra c bit nguy him vo ban m.
- He loves science fiction in particular.
Anh y thch nht l truyn khoa hc vin tng.
Cn ph t specially li c ngha l dnh ring cho mt i tng c th. Ph
t ny c dng trong trng hp mun nhn mnh mt mc ch c th.
- This shower gel is specially designed for people with sensitive skins.
Du gi ny dnh ring cho nhng ngi c da u nhy cm.
- This computer programme is specially designed for children with learning
difficulties.
Chng trnh my tnh ny c lp trnh ring cho nhng tr em gp kh khn
trong hc tp.
- My father made this model aeroplane specially for me.
B ti lm chic my bay m hnh ny ring cho ti.
An umpire is used in baseball, while football games have referees ( "umpire"
c dng trong mn bng chy, trong khi "referees" dng trong bng )
The umpire settles disputes that mediators could not; a referee is the person players
refer to for ensuring maintenance of quality ("umpire" gii quyt cc mi bt ho
m ngi ho gii/ ngi phn x khng lm c; "referee" l ngi m cc cu
th nh cy m bo duy tr tt trn u.)
There can be field umpires, boundary umpires etc. Referees are known as
linesmen, timekeepers etc. ("umpire" ch trng ti trn u, trng ti bin;
"referees" l tr l trng ti, ngi bm gi)
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Tham kho thm:
umpire l trng ti trong qun vt v cricket hoc l ngi
phn x
referee l trng ti trong bng hoc trng ti kinh t
Possibility V Opportunity
1. Possibility c ngha: s vic c th xy ra, trin vng xy ra, kh nng c th
c.
We saw the possibilities of the project from the beginning.
(Chng ti thy trin vng thnh cng ca d n ngay t u).
Ta dng " no " trc possibility ng n mt s vic kh c trin vng, khng
th xy ra c.
There was no possibilitythat they'd got married.
(Chng th xy ra vic h ci nhau).
Ta dng cm t " possibility of doing something " khi cp n iu g m ta
xem xt c nn lm hay khng.
He began talking about the possibility of living together as a family.
(Anh y bt u ni n kh nng sng chung vi nhau nh mt gia nh).
2. Khi din tin tnh hnh dn n vic ngi ta c th lm mt vic g , ta khng
ni rng, h c kh nng lm vic vi cm t " possibility to do it " . Trong
trng hp nh th ta dngopportunity.
This gave her the opportunity of developing her talent as an actress.
(Vic ny em li cho c ta c hi pht trin ti nng thnh mt n din vin).
Position, Job, Place, Situation
OPQR
L Lm Khang
y l nhng t c rt nhiu ngha nhng ta ch xt ti
nhng ngha: vic lm, v tr, cng vic ca mt ai trong c
quan.
1. Position v post c ngha: a v, chc v, v tr. Position m ch n bt k cng
vic no - m thng l trn mc lao ng ph thng.
Job c ngha: cng vic, vic lm, hm ngha tng ng vi position v post
nhng l thng dng trong m thoi v l danh t m ch ti tt c nhng cng
vic t thp cho n cao nht trong c quan, t chc.
What is her position in the factory ?
(B y gi chc v g trong nh my ? )
He got a part-time job as a salesperson.
(Anh ta kim c vic lm nhn vin bn hng bn thi gian).
Position, post v job l ba t thng dng. Khi mt ngi no mun kim mt
job th h thng hay c qung b trn bo, theo di thng tin... tm kim
nhng position v post thch hp vi mnh.
2. Place v situation c ngha: vic lm, ch lm. Place thng ng i lm thu
v thng dng vi nhng cng vic trong nh.
She is looking for a place as a housekeeper.
(C y ang kim mt vic lm nh l ngi qun gia).
Pretty, Beautiful V Stunning
1. Beautiful, lovely, pretty thng dng m t nt p ca ph n v tr em. V
phi nam, ch nhng b trai cn nh mi pretty v t ny ch m ch n nt p
duyn dng, tinh t v dng iu v b ngoi ca n gii.
Beautiful cn bao gm nt p tng hon ho, p tao nh, qu phi v thm
ch, cn bao gm c nt p tm hn.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Helen is as clever as beautiful.
(Helen va p va thng minh).
Lovely thin v nt p ng yu, lm cho ngi khc cm thy yu mn, thch
gn gi (tc thin v c tnh hn l din mo con ngi).
Dorothy is endowed with a lovely character.
(Dorothy c tri ph cho mt tnh cch ng yu).
Pretty th thua beautiful mt cht, gi ln v p thanh t v thng m t nt p
va phi nhng ng ch ngi nh tui.
2. Stunning ch dng cho ph n, din t nt p lm cho ngi ta chong
vong, v p ht , nht l khi h va din vo b trng lng ly, tuyt vi.
She looks stunning in her new dress.
(C y trng tht tuyt vi trong b trang phc mi).
Aural V Oral
Aural l tnh t, c ngha: lin quan n tai hoc thnh gic.
+ They have used written and aural material.
=> H s dng ti liu nghe v vit.
Cn tnh t oral ch nhng g lin quan n ming. Oral khi l danh t th c ngha:
thi vn p.
+ She will have the chance to give oral evidence to the judge
=> C y s c c hi a ra chng c bng li khai hu th vi quan ta.
+ He passed an oral test in french.
=> Anh y vt qua k thi vn p ting Php.
C aural ln oral u l nhng t trang trng v thng dng trong lnh vc gio
dc, thi c, nh ta thng nghe: aural comprehension test (cuc trc nghim nghe
v hiu), oral methods of teaching (cc phng php dy hc ming)....
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Police V Political
1. The police l mt t chc chnh thc c nhim v gi gn an ninh v trt t x
hi, bo v dn chng, trn t ti phm...Police l danh t s nhiu c ngha: cnh
st.
The police were called to the scene of the crime.
(Cnh st c gi n hin trng ni xy ra ti phm).
V l danh t s nhiu nn khi mun m ch n mt thnh vin ca lc lng cnh
st th ta ni " apolice officer " ( mt nhn vin cnh st), " a policeman " (mt
nam cnh st vin)...
She has been a policewoman for three years.
(B y l mt n cnh st vin ba nm nay).
2. Political c ngha: lin quan hoc thuc v chnh tr.
The Israeli government is facing another political crisis.
(Chnh ph Israel ang i din vi mt cuc khng hong chnh tr khc).
Politic cng tng hm ngha v chnh tr nhng ngha ny hin khng dng na m
hin nay thng dng vi ngha: sng sut, khn kho.
Patience, Patients V Parking
1. Patience c ngha: s kin nhn, tnh nhn ni, chu ng.
He has no patience with people who are always grumbling.
(Anh y khng th kin nhn vi nhng ngi lun cu nhu).
Cn patients l danh t s nhiu ca patient c ngha: bnh nhn, nhng ngi
bnh ang c iu tr.
The patients must remain in the hospital for another week.
(Cc bnh nhn phi li bnh vin thm mt tun na).
OPQR
L Lm Khang
2. Parking c ngha: s u xe, xe, tc m ch n hnh
ng u xe hoc tnh trng mt chic xe vo bi.
The university parking lot was filled with police cars.
(Bi u xe ca trng hc y dy xe ca cnh st).
Parking cn dng thnh lp nhiu danh t ghp thng dng nh " parking
meter" , " parking ticket " .
Parkway V Part
Nu suy din theo ngha ca tng t ghp li, ta d dng cho rng, parkway l
ng dng u xe, cn driveway l ng li xe.
1. Parkway l ng ph, ging nh street m ta thng hiu.
Parkway c t sau mt danh t ring ch mt con ng no trong thnh
ph.i khi trong cng mt thnh ph c nhiu ng trng tn nhau, th ngi ta
l da vo ci ui khc nhau.
Driveway c ngha: li vo ga-ra.
a s M u c ga-ra ch nhn u xe. Hu ht l ga-ra vi mt hoc l hai
xe, ch s t nh giu mi c ga-ra cho 3 hay 4 xe. Pha trc ga-ra thng c mt
on trng b tng, chiu ngang khong hai chic xe. chnh l driveway.
2. Part c th l danh t hay ng t.
Khi l danh t th c ngha: mt phn, mt b phn. Ta dng " part of " trc mt
danh t s t m c v trc danh t khng m c.
They spent part of their holiday in Spain.
(H dnh mt phn k ngh Ty Ban Nha).
Trong chc nng lm ng t th c ngha: lm chia la, chia tay, tch bit ra v
thng i vi gii t from.
He has parted from his Tuskish-born wife.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
(ng y chia tay vi ngi v gc th).
Part with th c ngha: cho i, bn i hoc t b ci g.
I took the watch, thanked him, and told him I would never part with it.
(Ti cm ci ng h eo tay, cm n anh y v ni vi anh y rng ti s khng
bao gi ri xa n).
Paparazzo V Paparazzi
Paparazzi l hnh thc s nhiu ca paparazzo nhng thng xuyn xut hin hu
nh thay chopaparazzo. Hai t ny c ngha: cc tay sn nh chuyn chp nh ln.
c mt do vo nm 1997, khi cng nng ca vng quc Anh t nn xe hi
Php cng vi ngi tnh, bo ch ngy no cng xut hin t paparazzi v lc
, mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy ra tai nn l v ti x chy qu nhanh
thot khi vng vy ca paparazzi.
Paperback Or Hardback
L t m ch ti cc ba sch cng hay mm. Paperback l sch ba thng, ba
mm v bn vi gi r hn nhiu sao vi hardback.
When is the novel coming out in paperback ?
(Khi no th quyn tiu thuyt pht hnh bng ba mm ? ).
Hardback l sch ba cng, bn vi gi cao.
The publisher assured me that my dictionary will be sold over 10,000 copies in
hardback.
(Nh xut bn bo m vi ti rng, cun t in ca ti s bn trn 10,000 cun
in ba cng).
Pants V Shorts
L nhng danh t ni v qun o nam gii v n gii.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
1. Anh, pants c ngha: qun lt, tc loi qun ngn
thng may hay dt bng vi thun dnh cho n ng hay
n b v tr con mc bn trong nhng qun o khc.
Pants c hai ng v d co gin quanh tht lng v hng. Pants l t dng chung.
M, ngi ta dng pants ch qun di ca c nam ln n.
He wore black pants and a white shirt.
(Anh y mc qun di en v o s mi trng).
2. Shorts ch qun ngn, qun i, qun sc c dng trong th thao hoc khi
thi tit nng.
His white shorts were sticking to him with sweat.
(Chic qun sc ca anh y dnh cht vo ngi t m m hi).
V l danh t s nhiu nn ta khng ni " a pants " hay " a shorts " m thng dng
ng t hnh thc s t.
I like a pair of pants that fits well.
(Ti thch ci qun mc va vn).
Pair V Couple
L nhng danh t vi ngha: mt i, mt cp.
1. Ta thng dng cm t " a pair of " ch hai vt ging nhau v kch thc v
hnh dng, tc cng mt loi v i chung vi nhau. Khi dng theo cch ny th
ng t c th hnh thc s t hoc s nhiu u c.
Not a single pair of shoes was on display.
(C i giy cng khng c trng by).
" A pair of " cng ch mt vt bao gm hai phn ging nhau v cng gn lin vi
nhau. Khi dng theo hnh thc ny th ng t lun hnh thc s t.
A good pair of grey trousers is essential if you want to go hiking in the mountains.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
(Mt chic qun mu xm tt l cn thit nu nh bn
mun li ng di vng ni).
Hai ngi cng lm chung mt cng vic hoc c quan h gn gi th ta c th gi
h l mt cp.
The pair of you have argued about that for years.
(Hai cu tranh ci v vic hng bao nm nay).
2. Couple cng c ngha: mt i, mt cp, nhng tng v s kt hp trong
couple yu hn nhiu. N c th c dng din t hai vt lng lo.
" A couple of " thng dng vi ngi khi cp n hai ngi khc gii cng i,
cng lm vic hay sinh hot vi nhau, ta dng ng t hnh thc s nhiu.
There were a couple of tables littered with waste papers.
(C hai ci bn x y giy vn).
" A couple of " cn c ngha: mt vi, mt s t ngi hay vt.
He walks a couple of miles every morning.
(ng ta i b vi dm vo bui sng).
Physician v Doctor
V cch s dng t, physician l t formal hn doctor (trong ting Anh M, vi
ting Anh Anh th n mang sc thi hi c, kiu nh mnh dng t thy lang trong
ting Vit). Cn t informal hn ca doctor l doc (hay dng gi trong giao tip
thn mt gia bnh nhn v bc s). Xt v nh ngha cht ch th physician ch l
doctor of medicine (tc l bc s iu tr dng thuc), cn doctor c th bao gm c
surgeon (bc s phu thut)
Plenty Of , A Lot Of, Lots Of
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Cc thnh ng trn u c ngha tng ng vi much/
many (nhiu) v most (a phn). A lot of/ lots of (informal)
= a great deal/ a large number of/ much/ many (formal).
Khng c khc nhau g my gia a lot of v lots of.
Ch ng chnh sau hai thnh ng ny s quyt nh vic chia ng t.
A lot of + uncountable noun+ singular verb
Lots of + plural noun + plural verb
A lot of effort is needed to finish this project on time.
Lots of us want to redesign the central statue
Plenty of c dng ph bin trong informal English.
Dont rush, theres plenty of time.
Plenty of shops take checks.
A large a mount of = a great deal of + non-count noun (formal English)
I have thrown a large amount of old clothing.
Mr Lucas has spent a great deal of time in the Far East.
A lot v a great deal c th c dng lm ph t v v tr ca n l cui cu.
On holiday we walk and swim a lot.
The gorvernment seems to change its mind a great deal.
Present , Current
Current : hin hnh, thin v trng thi hin ang din ra, ang c tc ng, hiu
lc.
> Current address : a ch hin ti (t dng Present address)
>The current political situations: Nhng tnh hnh chnh tr ng thi.
> A current driving license : bng li xe ang c hiu lc.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Present : Hin ti thin v khi nim, nhn thc v thi
gian khi hm so snh vi qu kh v tng lai, Gn vi
NOW hn.
>The present situation cannot be allowed to continue.>Tnh hnh hin nay khng
c php tip din.(hm n tng lai)
>In his present emotional state, he is capable of doing anything.> Trong tnh trng
tm l hin nay, anh ta c th lm bt c chuyn g.(hm mt th trng nht thi
lc ny)
>The present owners purchased the farm in 1976. Nhng ngi ch hin nay
mua nng tri t hi 1976. ( C so snh vi qu kh)
Current : hin hnh, thin v trng thi hin ang din ra, ang c tc ng, hiu
lc.
> Current address : a ch hin ti (t dng Present address)
>The current political situations: Nhng tnh hnh chnh tr ng thi.
> A current driving license : bng li xe ang c hiu lc.
Present : Hin ti thin v khi nim, nhn thc v thi gian khi hm so snh vi
qu kh v tng lai, Gn vi NOW hn.
>The present situation cannot be allowed to continue.>Tnh hnh hin nay khng
c php tip din.(hm n tng lai)
>In his present emotional state, he is capable of doing anything.> Trong tnh trng
tm l hin nay, anh ta c th lm bt c chuyn g.(hm mt th trng nht thi
lc ny)
>The present owners purchased the farm in 1976. Nhng ngi ch hin nay
mua nng tri t hi 1976. ( C so snh vi qu kh)
Precious v Valuable
OPQR
L Lm Khang
- Valuable : qu gi, c gi tr; c bit nhn mnh n
tnh cht him c nh khi ta ni "a valuable watch" (mt
ci ng h eo tay him c hay "a valuable painting" (mt bc tranh qu ...)
- Precious : qu gi; nhng hm nhng g c gi tr thc t rt cao, rt t gi.
Tnh t ny thng i vi nhng danh t ch cc kim loi qu, vng bc, qu, ...
nh khi ta ni "precious stones" ( qu), "the pecious metals" (nhng kim loi
qu).
- Khi ch nhng gi tr v tinh thn, ta dng precious vi ngha: c qu trng,
c yu thng, ng qu... e.g. Fishing in the garden of my grandmother is the
most precious memory of my childhood. Cu c trong vn b ti l k nim ng
ghi nh nht ca ti thi th u.
- Khi ni v tin tc, kinh nghim, nhng li khuyn, s gip ... ta dng valuable
vi ngha: rt hu ch, ng gi, rt quan trng... e.g. Bond issues often contain
valuable information showing how local communities evision their growth. S
pht hnh tri phiu thng cha ng nhng thng tin hu ch cho thy cc cng
ng a phng hnh dung s pht trin ca h nh th no.
Prove, Test, Try, Try On, Experiment
- We test aerodynamic vehicles in these tunnels.
Chng ti th nhng chic xe kh` ng hc trong cc ng hm ny.
(Khng dng *prove*, *try (on)*)
( = give tests to measure performance: th xem chng hot ng nh th no)
- Try this jam Ive just made.
Hy th mn mt ti va mi lm.
(Khng dng *prove*, *test* *try on* *experiment*)
(= taste: th, nm)
OPQR
L Lm Khang
This coats too tight. Can I try on the larger size please?
ci o khoc nay cht qu. Ti c th th c ln hn c
khng?
(Khng dng ^experiment*, *prove*)
( = put it on to see if it fits. etc. mc vo xem c va hay khng )
- Many people object on moral grounds to experimenting on live animals .
Nhiu ngi phn i rn c s o l vic tin hnh th nghim trn nhng ng
vt sng.
(= conducting tests: tin hnh th nghim)
- This video film proves he was a thief
Cun phim video ny chng t hn ta l k n cp.
(= shows, is evidence that: chng t, cho thy, l bng chng, chng t)
Quotation V Quote
Quotation c ngha: s trch dn, li trch dn, on trch dn.
The speaker read a quotation of twenty lines to the audience.
(Din gi c cho khn thnh gi nghe mt on trch dn 20 dng).
Quote c ngha: trch dn, tc nhc li nhng g m ngi khc ni hay vit
trc .
She often quotes from popular novels.
(C y thng hay trch dn t trong cc tiu thuyt bnh dn).
Tuy nhin, quote tng c dng lm danh t trong vo cui th k th 19 v
hin nay, ngi ta cng vn dng nh th, nht l trong m thoi.
Ngi M cn dng quote theo ngha quotation marks. Trong to son, cc nh
bo thng dngquote lm danh t. Tuy nhin, trong vn vit, nh vn khuyn
OPQR
L Lm Khang
chng ta nn rch ri v hy dngquotation trong chc
nng danh t, quote trong vai tr lm ng t.
Reason v Cause
- What is the cause of your failure.- I have no reason for going there.
Nhn xt: Hai danh t trn nu ch , chng ta c th c d dng: cause =
nguyn do pht sinh ra hu qu), reason: l do (bin chng cho hu qu).
Vy mun dch cu: "Ti khng c l do tr v"
ng vit: I have no cause for coming back.Phi vit: I have no reason for coming
back.
Renown v renowned
Vic dng lm gia hai t ny l chc nng. Renown l danh t c ngha: danh
ting, ting tm; cn renowned l tnh t c ngha: lng danh, ni ting.
Nhng ngi nin tp sch bo cho bit c rt nhiu trng hp dng renown
trong chc nng tnh t thay v dng renowned. Theo cc nh ngn ng hc, s d
c vic dng ln ln nh th l v ch n cui t renown khin nhiu ngi s
dng lm tng y cng l mt hnh thc phn t qu kh ging nh known hoc
shown.
Trong ting Anh chun, ngi ta khng dng renown trong vai tr tnh t m phi
dng renowned. Hy so snh chc nng ca hai t ny trong cng mt cu sau y:
Renowned scientist Linus Pauling won renown for his ground-breaking work in
chemistry.
(Khoa hc gia lng danh Linus Pauling c c ting tm l nh vo cng trnh
tin phong v ho hc.)
Cng cn lu trnh vit sai chnh t hai t trn thnh reknown v reknowned.
Remove V Move
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Hai ng t ny c ngha di chuyn, di ch. Remove thin
v take away ( ly i, em i) hoc bi nhim ai ra
khi mt chc v.
The statue was removed to another site.
(Bc tng c di di i ni khc.)
She was removed from her position as headmistress.
(B y b mt chc hiu trng.)
Nhng nu ta di chuyn ch , em theo y c n mt ngi nh khc th
ta khng dngremove din t m dng move vi ngha: dn nh, di ch .
Last year my sister moved from Los Angeles to San Francisco.
(Nm ngoi em gi ti di nh t Los Angeles n San Francisco.)
Dn nh vo th ta dng move in , dn i l move out .
She couldnt pay her rent, so she had to move out.
(C y khng th tr ni tin thu nh nn phi dn i.)
Return v come back
Return c ngha: tr v, ng ni n vic ai tr li mt ni chn no sau
khi mt s ni khc.
She returned to her hometown.
(C ta tr li qu nh.)
Nn nh l ta khng dng cm t " return back " ni n vic tr li ca ai .
Cm t ny b xem l tha v return c ngha l tr li ri khng cn dng n
back na.
Return l t kh trang trng nn trong m thoi, ngi ta dng go back, come
back, be back....
He's just come back from Italy.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
(ng ta mi t Italy tr v.)
Result V Effect
1. Result c ngha: kt qu, thnh qu, tc nhng ci g thu c t qu trnh lao
ng hoc l ci to nn do nhng nguyn nhn khc nhau em li.
The flight was delayed as a result of fog.
(Chuyn bay b tr hon l do sng m.)
Their investigations were without result.
(Cc cuc iu tra ca h khng c kt qu.)
2. Effect c ngha: hiu qu, tc dng. Khi mt s vic to ra s thay i ni mt
ngi hay mt vt th ta khng gi s thay i l result m gi l effect do s vic
trc gy ra.
The effect of morphine is to produce sleep.
(Tc dng ca morphine l gy ng.)
Reward v Award
Reward
A reward phn thng, tin thng - c trao tng cho ai v lm vic g
tt. Chng hn do lm vic rt chm ch, tch cc, hay t c ch tiu, t
im tt trong k thi hay cng c th do tm c ci g m ai nh mt.
Ngha cui cng thng rt hay c dng ti Anh trn nhng t ri hay qung
co dn tng tm ch mo lc hay thm ch tm cha kha hay v b tht lc, vi t
REWARD c vit hoa.
Thc s reward phn thng - c th bt c th g nh mt hp ko chocola
v.v. nhng thng l tin mt.
Sau y l mt vi v d.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
As a reward for passing my driving test, my Dad took me
to London for the weekend.
The person who finds my cat will receive 100 as a reward.
Im so pleased with your work Im going to reward you with two days holiday.
Cc bn lu ti cm t to be rewarded for something v to reward someone with
something.
Award
Tng t, an award c tng cho ai lm vic g tt nhng thng l c
tnh cht trnh trng hn v c trao tng chng minh cho nhng ngi khc
thy l ngi kia lm tt.
An award phn thng, gii thng thng l mt chng ch, huy chng hay
cp/tng.
Thng th an award c trao tng trc nhiu ngi trong khi reward thng ch
l gia ngi trao v ngi nhn.
Sau y l mt s v d.
Louie received an award for getting outstanding results in the maths exam.
We would expect that the award was awarded in the school assembly or at a
special presentation event.
Vineet was awarded a gold medal for winning the marathon.
V thng l vic trao phn thng, gii thng din ra trc cc khn gi, m
ng.
An award cng c dng ch mt khon tin m ai c yu cu phi tr
cho mt ngi khc, thng l ti ta n. V d
Peter received an award of 5000 as compensation for the car accident. Peter c
nhn 5000 tin bi thng cho v tai nn xe hi.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Xin lu th b ng thng c dng trong trng hp
someone is awarded something v tng t nh vi t
reward, th someone receives an award.
iu quan trng cn nh l trong khi c hai t u l trao tng, thng mt ci g
v lm tt th award thng l trnh trng hn, quan trng hn, nhng vic ln
hn lreward v thng l trc khn gi, cng chng.
Restore, Repair, Renew V Renovate

C bn t ny u cp n vic phc hi, lm mi, phc ch.
1. Renew c ngha: thay mi, lm mi, tip tc li, gia hn. ng t ny hm
mang li s ti mt, mi m, y sc sng nh tnh trng lc ban u.
The brandy renewed his strength.
(Ri phc hi li sc mnh ca anh y.)
She had just come back to renew her visa.
(C ta va mi tr li gia hn visa.)
2. Renovate c ngha: hi phc li, chnh trang, nht l i vi cng trnh kin trc
c, sa cha, a v hin trng ban u c cng nhiu cng tt.
They hope to get a mortgage to renovate their old house.
(H hy vng nhn c tin vay hi phc li cn nh c ca mnh.)
3. Repair c ngha: sa cha, hi phc li ci g b h hng hoc c, mn.
She has no money to repair it.
(C ta khng c tin sa cha li ci .)
4. Restore hm ngha rng nht. Restore mt ngi nh, mt bc tranh, ...c ngha l
hi phc, lm mi, a v nguyn trng ban u.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
I asked whether the pictures could be restored.
(Ti hi xem liu nhng bc nh c th phc ch c
khng.)
Restore cn c ngha: a tr li v tr, a v trc .
The deposed king was restored to his throne.
(V vua b ph trut c phc hi vng quyn.)
Restful V Restless
Hai tnh t ny c ngha tri ngc nhau.
1. Restful l: yn tnh, th thi, nh nhng, thun cho vic ngh ngi.
The lighting is restful .
(S b tr nh sng rt d chu.)
2. Cn tnh t restless c ngha: khng ngh, khng yn, khng ng c, bn
chn. Restlessthng ch nhng a tr khc la, quy ph, khng th ngi yn mt
ch.
Some children are very restless when they are young.
(Mt s tr em rt quy khi chng cn nh.)
Ta cng c th dng restless din t mt ngi t v chn nn vi cng vic h
ang lm v mun chuyn sang mt cng vic khc.
I knew within a week I should feel restless again.
(Ti bit l ni trong mt tun, ti s li thy khng yn ngh c.)
Research V Search
1. Research l danh t v ng t vi ngha: nghin cu. Research l cng trnh
lin quan n vic nghin cu vic g, iu g hoc c pht hin s tht hay thng
tin mi. Cm t thng dng l " do research " .
They had come to China to do some research into Anglo-Chinese literature.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
(H n Trung quc tin hnh mt vi nghin cu v
vn chng Trung-Anh.)
2. Danh t v ng t search th c ngha: s khm xt, lc sot, tm ti.
A quick search of the house revealed nothing.
(Cuc lc sot nhanh chng ca ngi nh chng pht hin g c.)
Require V Request
To require: Khi mun din t mt iu yu cu, mt iu i hi, hay bt buc,
ting Anh c ng t to require, danh t l requirement. Cng c ngha l iu cn
n hay cn phi c=need.
(1) Require ngha l cn hay bt buc
- This matter requires careful consideration=vn ny cn xt k.
(Sau require c th dng tc t trc tip direct object. Trong th d trn direct
object l consideration.)
- Most house plants require watering=nhng cy cnh trong nh cn ti. (Direct
object l danh ng t gerund: watering.)
- What material do you require (=need) to complete the job?=Anh cn vt liu g
hon thnh cng vic?
- The subpoena requires (=orders) you to appear in court=T trt bt buc ng phi
c mt to n.
(2) Mu cu require + that. The municipal regulations require that dogs be kept on
leashes in public areas=Lut l (qui nh) thnh ph bt buc ch phi c dy xch
khi ni cng cng.
(3) Mu cu: To be required + to do=> You are required by law to wear seat
belts=Lut bt buc ng/b phi eo dy nt an ton khi li xe.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
(4) Required c th lm adjective hay past participle, v
trong trng hp ny th required i trc danh t hay sau
ng t be.
- The bill failed to get the required votes=D lut b bc v khng s phiu bt
buc.
- The book is required reading for this class="Cu"n sch l cun bt buc phi
c trong lp ny.
- Required courses are courses students must take; for example, English
composition=Nhng lp bt buc l lp sinh vin bt buc phi theo; th d lun
vn ting Anh.
- Children should know what is required of them=Tr em nn bit cc em phi lm
nhng g.
(5) Require c th theo sau bi mt ng t cha chia c to: I require him to help
me=Ti cn anh y gip ti. Hay mnh that-clause theo sau bi mt
subjunctive. (I require that he help me).
Danh t:
* Requirerment:
- The students grade must satisfy the colleges admission requirements= im ca
hc sinh phi tho mn nhng i hi hi nhp hc ca trng i hc.
- Latin is no longer a requirement for entering the state university=Hiu bit v
ting Latin khng cn l iu kin bt buc khi nhp hc i hc cng.
* Requisite=iu kin tt yu, dng cn thit, a must, a sine qua non. Past
experience is a requisite (a sine qua non) for this job=Lm vic ny cn c kinh
nghim.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
* Prerequisite=mn cn c trc. Prerequisite for Calculus
II is Calculus I=Phi hc qua mn ton Calculus I ri
mi c ghi tn mn ton Calculus II. Good computer skills are a prerequisite for
this job=Lm vic ny ng vin cn bit cch s dng my vi tnh.
To request=yu cu, xin, thnh nguyn, to ask. Danh t a request.
(1) To request + direct object. To request more information, call this
number=Mun bit thm tin tc, xin gi s ny.
(2) To request something FROM someone. You must request permission from a
teacher to leave class="Mu"n ra khi lp phi xin php gio vin.
(3) Request that + subjunctive
- The students requested that the school provide more computers=Hc sinh yu cu
nh trng cung cp thm my vi tnh. (That school provide: provide khng c s v
subjunctive mood)
- The government requests that troops be withdrawn=Chnh ph yu cu rt qun.
(4) Request + to + verb. Guests are requested to wear formal attire=Quan khch
c yu cu n mc trnh trng.
require v request:
=> Require din t mt iu t bn ngoi bt buc ta phi tun theo.
- Nhu cu & yu cu=needs, requirement. Tha mn nhu cu=to meet someones
needs. The product meets all requirements set by the government=sn phm p
ng tt c nhng i hi (=yu cu) do chnh ph t ra.
- Yu cu=to require. Yu cu qu v gi trt t=You are required to be orderly.
- Ch yu cu, nu l danh t, cng c ngha iu cn phi t c trong mt vic
no . Th d: t yu cu v cht lng=meet the required norms for quality and
quantity.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
- Mc ch yu cu ca cng vic: the aim and requirement
of the work. vi ch tiu=target, norms, quota.
=> Khi mun din t li cu xin, li yu cu, li thnh nguyn, ta dng request,
ngha l iu t ta mong mun c.
- Put in a request for a transfer=Lm n xin thuyn chuyn.
- Did you request a new printer?=C phi anh xin mt my in mi khng?
- He requested her hand in marriage=Anh ta cu hn vi c ta.
II. Offer: va l ng t, va l danh t. Ngha: mi, tr gi, ngh.
* Mu cu: To offer + somebody + something.
- He offered me a job=Anh ta ngh cho ti mt vic lm.
- He offered her a ride to the grocery store=Anh ta cho c i nh xe n tim thc
phm.
* Mu cu: Offer + something TO somebody: She made a drink and offered one to
me=B ta pha ru v mi ti mt ly.
* Offer c th theo sau bi mt infinitive. Le Lai offered to go out in Le Lois
place knowing that by so doing he would be killed, but he would save his
master=L Lai tnh nguyn i ra thay cho L Li d bit rng lm vy th cht,
nhng ng cu mng ch tng ng.
* Offer=tr gi. He offered me $200 for the bike=Anh ta tr gi $200 cho chic xe
p ca ti.
Danh t (offer):
- Job offers=cho vic lm
- Have you had any job offers?=C ni no ha cho anh vic lm khng?
- Make an offer for something=Tr gi mt mn hay ti sn.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
He made a $20,000 offer for the luxury car=Anh ta tr gi
20 ngn la cho chic xe hi hng sang.
And the owner accepted the offer=Ngi ch chu bn.
- To take up an offer=nhn li ai cho vic g.
- To turn down an offer=To reject, refuse an offer=T chi li ngh a ra.
- I am going to make an offer he cant refuse=Ti s a ra mt ngh anh kh c
th t chi
Quite V Quiet
L hai tnh t c cch vit thng d gy nhm ln cho ngi s dng.
1. Quite: c ngha l hon ton, trn vn.
E.g 1: The bottle was quite empty.
=> Chai ru hon ton rng tuch.
E.g 2: It's a quite extraordinary experience.
=> l mt kinh nghim ht sc khc thng.
Quite: Khng nhiu lm, kha kh, khi dng vi nhng tnh t, trng t c tc dng
lm "yu i" v mc
E.g 1: David plays soccer quite well.
=> David chi bng kh l tt.
2. Quiet: c ngha l yn tnh, yn lng.
E.g: The roads are usually quiet in the evening.
=> Nhng con ng ny lun yn tnh vo bui ti.
Require V Rest
1. Require l ng t c ngha: cn, i hi, cn phi c.
The situation requires that we should be there.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
(Tnh hnh i hi chng ta phi c mt .)
Require l t trang trng nn trong m thoi hng ngy,
ngi ta dng ng t need hoc wantthay th.
All they want is a holiday.
(Tt c nhng g h mun l mt k ngh.)
Do you need any help?
(Bn c cn gip g khng? )
2. Rest l danh t c ngha: phn cn li, s cn li ca mt lng. ngha ny,
rest c mo t " the" ng trc. Cn ch n ng t i theo sau rest.
Nu ta cp n mt vt g khng th m c, ng t theo sau rest s t.
The rest of the time was spent swimming.
(Thi gian cn li dnh bi li.)
Nu ta ni n nhiu ngi hay nhiu vt th ng t theo sau rest s nhiu.
The rest of the girls were delighted.
(S c gi cn li t ra thch th.)
Remain V Stay
C hai ng t u c ngha: vn cn, tc m ch vn tip tc trong trng thi c.
Remain l t trang trng hn stay.
David remained silent.
(David vn im lng).
She stayed awake.
(C y vn cn thc).
im khc bit ch, nu mt vt g, iu g vn tn ti, ta ch c th din t bng
remain.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
(Sau trn ho hon, nh ti hu nh tn ri).
Nhng nu chng ta lu li mt ni chn no trong
mt thi gian ngn, th ta co th din t bng ng t stay.
How long can you stay in Paris.
(Bn c th lu li Paris trong bao lu).
Release V Let Go; Respectable V Respectful
1. Release or let go c cch dng tng t v c ngha: th, gii thot, phng thch,
tha min.Release l ng t trang trng hn.
He had just been released from prison.
(Anh ta mi va c th khi nh t).
Eventually I let them go.
(Cui cng ti cho h i).
Release or let go of cn c ngha: nh, bung, tho ra.
Let go of me.
(Bung ti ra).
He released her hand quickly.
(Anh ta nhanh chng bung tay nng ra).
2. Respectable or respectful
Hai t ny d b dng ln ln.
Respectable c ngha: ng n, ng trng, chnh t, dng m ch nhng ngi c
dng dp b ngoi ng n, c a v x hi.
He came from a respectable middle-class family.
(ng y xut thn t mt gia nh thuc tng lp trung lu ng knh).
Respectful c ngha: l php, knh cn, t v tn trng.
I am always respectful of your calm attitude.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
(Ti lun knh trng thi bnh tnh ca bn).
Relation, Relative, Relationship V Related To
y l nhng t ni v mi quan h.
1. Relation v relative u c th dng ni v mi quan h thn tc, b con, cc
thnh vin trong gia nh, dng h.
I was a retation of his first wife.
(Ti c quan h b con vi ngi v u tin ca anh y).
Her husband had to visit some of his relatives.
(Chng b y phi gh thm mt vi ngi b con ca ng ta).
2. Relationship c ngha: mi quan h, s giao thip, c dng khi cp n s
giao ho, mi quan h khng mang tnh c nhn.
China's relationship with Japan has changed dramatically.
(Mi quan h gia Trung Quc v Nht Bn thay i mt cch t ngt).
Relationship cng dng din t s quan h gia ngi v ngi hoc vi cc
nhm ngi.
The author had a good working relationship with the publisher.
(Tc gi c mi quan h lm vic tt vi nh xut bn).
Relationship c cch dng rt rng ri. C th dng n din t mi quan h thn
thit gia hai ngi.
Their relationship has lasted since 2000.
(Quan h ca h ko di k t nm 2000).
3. Cm t " be related to " c ngha: c lin quan n, c dnh dng n ai...
Wealth is seldom related to happiness.
(S giu sang t khi gn lin vi hnh phc).
Return Home, Get Back Home V Arrive Home
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Cc bn bao gi t hi s khc bit gia nhng t cng
mang ngha ca nhng t lin quan n home vi ngha
l tr v sau y: Arrive home, Return home, v Get back home cha?
Trc ht c 3 cch ni u c ngha l tr v nh.
1. Nhng nu nh chng ta ch ang trn ng v nh thi ch cha v n ni
th bn ng vi dng get back home nh, m thay vo hy s dng ng t
return . Do vy, chng ta c th ghi nh rng return home dng cho trng hp
ang trn ng v nh on the way home.
V d:
Where are you going? Im returning home. (Cu i u th? Mnh ang trn
ng v nh.)
2. Chng ta s ni get back home khi mun m ch rng chng ta thc s v n
nh
V d:
What time did you get back home? About 7.30. (My gi anh v n nh th?
Khong 7.30.)
3. Cui cng, ng t arrive vi ngha gc l kt thc chng ng ti mt ni
no s c s dng vi danh t home to nn ngha dng phng tin
v nh
V d:
The new car was fantastic. I arrived home 20 minutes early today. (Chic xe mi
chy tht ngon. Hm nay ti v nh sm hn 20 pht.)
Refuse V Reject
1. Refuse l ng t th c ngha: t chi, khc t. Nu ta t chi lm mt vic g,
th ta c ch tm khng lm vic hoc l ta xc nhn s khng lm vic .
OPQR
L Lm Khang
She refused to accept his advice.
(Nng khc t li khuyn ca chng).
Refuse l danh t th c ngha: tha thi, vt b i.
This department is also responsible for refuse collection.
(C quan ny cng chu trch nhim v vic thu gom vt ph thi).
2. Reject c ngha: khng chp nhn, bc b, thi ra. Nu nh ta khng ng vi
mt kin hay ngh ca ngi no th ta khng ni l mnh t chi m l bc
b kin.
Some people rejected the idea of a mixed economy.
(Mt s ngi bc b kin v mt nn kinh t hn n).
After the transplant, her body rejected the new kidney.
(Sau khi phu thut ghp, c th c y khng thch ng vi qu thn mi).
Recognize V Realize
1. Recognize c ngha: nhn ra ( ai hay ci g m ta tng bit, tng nghe thy
trc y).
She had changed so much that one could scarcely recognize her.
(C y thay i nhiu n ni ngi ta kh c th nhn ra).
Recognize cng c ngha: cng nhn, tha nhn. Nu ta tha nhn mt ci g, tc
l ta chp nhn s tn ti ca n.
The United States refused to recognize the new regime in Afghanistan.
(Hoa K khng tha nhn ch mi Afghanistan).
2. Nu ta am hiu v mt s kin, mt iu g, th ta dng realize din t.
Realize c ngha: nhn thc, bit c.
She suddenly realized the significance of his remark.
(t nhin, nng nhn ra ngha v li nhn xt ca anh y).
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Receipt, Receive V Get
1. Receipt or recipe
Hai t ny ng ngha d bit, v nht l cch pht m hon ton khc nhau, nhng
vn b dng ln ln.
Receipt l bin nhn, bin lai xc nhn mt khong tin hoc hng ho nhn
c.
She's got receipt for each thing she's bought.
(C y ly bin nhn cho mi th m c ta mua).
Cn recipe l cng thc pha ch thc hin mt mn n, l nhng ch dn nu
mt mn n.
He's written a recipe book.
(ng y vit mt cun sch hng dn cch lm cc mn n).
2. Receive or get
L hai t u c ngha: nhn. im khc bit nm cch dng: Receive dng
trong vn vit trang trng, cn get dng trong m thoi thng dng.
Receive or get cng c dng ni n vic nhn mt s gip hoc li
khuyn.
My father received a very low salary.
(Cha ti nhn tin lng rt thp).
She got a call from the Mayor.
(C y nhn c mt c in thoi t ng th trng).
Reasonable V Rational
1. Reasonable c ngha: bit l phi, bit iu, hp l, chnh ng, chp nhn c.
Khi nhn xt rng mt ngi no l reasonable th c ngha l mt ngi bit
iu, bit l phi.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
David is perfectly reasonable in his demands.
(David l ngi hon ton bit iu trong nhng i hi
ca cu ta)
Nu nh mt vic g c chp nhn th n cng bng, chnh ng, hp l phi, th
ta ni vic lreasonable.
There was not reasonable explanation for his decision.
( khng c s gii thch hp l no cho quyt nh ca ng y c).
2. Cn rational c ngha: c l tr, sng sut. Mt ngi c xem l rational khi
ngi y c suy ngh sng sut v c th a ra nhng quyt nh, nhng phn
quyt d vo l tr hn l cm xc.
Let's talk about this like two rational people.
(Chng ta hy cng nhau ni v vic ny nh l hai ngi c l tr).
Readable, Legible V Reason
1. Readable c ngha: hay, c dc.
She has written a highly readable autobiography.
(B y vit mt cun t truyn rt hay).
2. Legible c ngha: d c, d xem. Nu ta c th nhn din r rng mt ch c
th c c mt bi vit tay hay nh my chng hn, th ta dng legible din
t.
The inscription is still perfectly legible.
(Bn ch khc vn c th c c mt cch d dng).
3. Reason l danh t th c ngha: l do.
The main reason he lost his job was that he drank.
(L do chnh khin anh ta b mt vic l do say sa ri ch).
Reason c th c theo sau bng " why..." hoc " that..."
OPQR
L Lm Khang
The reason why I'm late is that I missed the train.
(L do ti sao ti n tr l v ti l chuyn tu).
Do you know the reason that he had been underpaid ?
(Anh c bit l do m c y b tr lng thp khng ? ).
Roast , Cook , Bake
L danh t, cook c ngha l ngi th nu n, u bp. L ng t, cook ch hnh
ng nu, lm bp, chun b cho ba n...ng t cook cn c ngha thng dng
hn trong nghnh ti chnh l " to cook the books " - l gian ln trong s sch k
ton.
1. Lm bp, chun b cho ba n: " to cook " c dng ch vic nu nng chung.
He likes to cook for his family.
(Anh y thch nu n cho gia nh).
Cn lu l " to cook " ch dng cho thc n, khng dng vi ung. Mt s
ng t khc cng ni v vic chun b c n ln thc ung nh: to get, to
make, to prepare...
She must get the breakfast ready.
(C ta phi chun b cho xong ba n sng).
They prepared a meal for children.
(H chun b ba n cho bn tr).
M, ngi ta dng ng t fix cho ba n sng, c thc n v ung.
Let me fix supper for her.
(Hy ti lo ba ti cho c y).
2. Khi mun ni nng m th g, ta dng: bake, roast.
Ta dng bake khi nng bnh m, nng cc loi bnh ngt trong l.
She is baking a birthday cake for me.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
(C y ang nng chic bnh mng sinh nht cho ti).
Roast dng khi nng hay quay tht. Cng dng vi ngha
rn, chin.
I personally would rather roast a bird whole.
(Bn thn ti thch nng nguyn c con chim hn).
Ravish v Avage
L hai t c cch pht m hi ging nhau. C hai u bt ngun t mt ng t ca
ting Php " ravir " nhng sau ng ngha c rch ri.
Ravage c ngha: tn ph, ph hoi.
A string of torndoes ravaged a small village in Colorado.
(Mt chui cc cn lc xoy tn ph mt lng nh Colorado).
Cn ravish c ngha: lm say m, say m.
I was ravished by her beauty.
(Sc p ca nng hp hn ti).
Ravish cn c ngha: cng bc bt i, cng hip.
The conquering army ravished many women in this city.
(Qun i xm lc cng hip nhiu ph n thnh ph ny).
Rain, Reign V Rein
L ba t ng m nhng d ngha. Rain l cn ma khi l danh t, khi l ng t
th c ngha l ma.
Don't go out in the rain.
(ng i ra ngoi ma).
It's raining cats and dogs !
(Tri ang ma nh trt).
Reign khi l danh t th c ngha: triu i, khi l ng t th c ngha tr v.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
The reign of King Alfed was marked by social unrest.
(Triu i vua Alfed c nh du bng s bt n x hi).
Danh t rein c ngha: dy cng, cn l ng t th c ngha gh cng.
He used the rein to control the horse.
(ng y dng dy cng ch ng con nga).
Tame , Subservient, Servile, Object
1. Tame khi dng vi ngi cng c ngha: d bo, sn sng tng phc. Nhng
thng c dng m t ng vt hn. Khi y tame c ngha: thun ha,
ch ng.
That lion acts as tame as a house cat.
(Con s t hnh ng thun ha nh con mo nh).
Subservient c ngha: khm nm, qu ly.
His gesture of respect seemed old-fashioned and subservient.
(iu b cung knh ca anh ta trng c v c l v khm nm).
Servile c ngha: hu h, m qung, n l.
I don't like his servile behaviour.
(Ti khng thch thi qu ly ca anh ta).
2. Object l danh t v ng t.
Khi l danh t th c ngha: vt th, mc tiu, i tng. Khi l ng t th c
ngha: chng li, phn i.
Khi dng vi gii t th object thng i vi " to ".
They did not object to cooking in the midnight.
(H khng chng i vic nu n lc na m).
Resign V Retire
OPQR
L Lm Khang
1. Resign: ngh hu, nhng c th ngh bt c tui no,v
c th bt u mt cng vic mi ngay sau .
E.g. A hospital administrator has resigned over claims he lied to get the job.
=> Mt nh qun l bnh vin ngh hu non do nhng co buc ng y gian di
lin quan ti cng vic.
2. Retire: ngh hu khi ti tui ngh v tui cao.
E.g. At the age when most people retire, he is ready to face a new career.
=> tui ny khi mi ngi ngh hu, th ng y i mt vi mt cng vic
mi.
Rubbish, Garbage, Trash, Refuse
L nhng t ni n rc ri, tha, vt b i.
1. Anh, nhng thc n tha hoc thc n m ngi ta vt i th c gi chung
l rubbish vi ngha: rc ri.
Vi ngi M, h chia lm hai loi: thc n tha, rau, tht b i nh bp th gi
l garbage, cn nhng vt khc b i th gi l trash.
They dumped their trash on the street.
(H vt rc ri trn h ph.)
The dustmen haven't collected the rubbish yet.
(Nhng ngi ht rc vn cha thu gom rc.)
2. Refuse cng c ngha: rc ri, ph thi, nhng t ny trang trng hn v
dng ch tt c nhng ph thi, khng cn gi tr. Refuse c dng c ngi
Anh v ngi M.
For the past three weeks, the vehicles that collect refuse have been grounded by the
fuel shortage.
(Trong ba tun qua cc xe thu gom rc phi nm v thiu nhin liu.)
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Require V Demand, Claim
1. Demand i hi nh th ra lnh hay c quyn lm nh
vy; i hi c cn c chnh xc, r rng.
Ex: The workers are demanding an explanation.
=> Cc cng nhn ang i mt li gii thch.
Ex: She demands to be told everything.
=> C y i phi c k li ht mi chuyn.
2. Claim l i hi quyn li v mt ci g ; nh i tin bo him, i bi
thng thit hi, i tng lng..khi ngi ta xem l quyn li hay ti sn ca
mnh.
Ex: They claimed ownership of the land.
=> H i quyn s hu t ai.
3. Require i hi mt ci g cn thit, buc phi c. Nu ta "require" mt ci g
th ci phi c mi hon thnh c vic khc.
Ex: Senate approval would be required for any scheme.
=> Cn c s ph chun ca thng vin i vi bt k k hoch no.
Request, Ask V Question
1. Ask: Hi, nh ai tr li v vic g, ci g (ask somebody to tell something).
Ask for: Yu cu ai cho ci g hoc lm vic g (ask somebody to give something).
He asked them thier names.
(Anh y hi h tn ca bn h).
We asked them for the menu.
(Chng ti yu cu h a cho thc n).
cu (1), ta khng ni "He asked them for their names" v cu (2) ta khng ni
"We asked them the menu".
OPQR
L Lm Khang
Ta cng dng ask khi k li nhng cu hi. Sau ask, ta
thng dng mt cm danh t v mt mnh "if" hoc
mnh "wh" hay mt mnh bt u bng "whether".
He asked them where they were going.
(Anh y hi h i u).
I asked her if I could go home.
(Ti hi c y ti v c khng).
She asked the doctor whether she could get up.
(C y hi bc s xem liu c ta c th dy c khng).
Note:
Vi mnh "wh" theo sau ask, ta khng c o ngc v tr ca ch ng v
ng t nh trong cu hi.
2. Khng nh ask l ng t thng dng v khng trang trng, ng t request (vi
ngha: yu cu, ngh ai lm ci g) c dng trong vn vit v ni lch s, trang
trng.
He requested permission to speak.
(Anh y yu cu c php ni).
Request thng c dng dng th ng.
You are requested not to smoke.
(Ngi ta yu cu anh khng ht thuc).
3. Question ngoi ngha danh t l cu hi, khi l ng t, question c ngha l:
hi-nhng nng n hn, nh hi cung, cht vn, thm vn...
He was questioned by the police last night.
(Ti qua, anh y b cnh st thm vn).
Question cn c ngha: nghi ng, t vn v ci g, vic g.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
He questioned her sincerity.
(Anh y nghi ng s chn thnh ca c ta).
Reach V Arrive
C hai ng t u dng ni rng mt ai n ni chn, a im cui ca
cuc hnh trnh.
1. Arrive, khi dng ta cn ch gii t theo sau ng t ny. "Arrive at" c
dng khi mt ngi no i n mt a im, mt ni chn.
They arrived at Central station last night.
(H i n nh ga Central ti hm qua).
Nhng khi ni n l mt quc gia hay thnh ph th arrive i vi gii t "in".
The Vietnamese ambassador to U.N. arrived in New York yesterday.
(i s Vit Nam ti LHQ n New York ngy hm qua).
Note:
Ta khng dng gii t i km vi arrive trc cc t: home, here, there, anywhere,
somewhere.
They arrived home, eventually.
(Cui cng h v ti nh).
Beautiful women rarely arrive anywhere on time.
(Nhng ngi ph n p him khi ti ni no ng gi).
2. ng t reach lun lun cn mt b ng trc tip.
The rescue team reached him just in time.
(Ton cu h n ch anh y va kp lc).
3. Arrive v reach u c th dng vi ngha: i n kt lun, tm ra gii php cho
mt vn . "Come to" cng c th dng vi ngha ny.
It took them four hours to arrive at a decision.
OPQR
L Lm Khang
(H mt n 4 ting ng h t c mt quyt nh).
We were unable to reach a conclusion because of
inadequate data.
(Chng ti khng th i n kt lun c v thiu d liu).
She thought for a while and then seemed to come to a decision.
(C y suy ngh mt lt ri dng nh i n quyt nh).
OPQR
KIU THY TRUNG
S
SACK v BAG:
1. Sack c ngha: bao ti, tc l ti ln lm bng cht liu th, nhng bn v chc,
dng ng, tn tr hay mang i cc th. Ngi Anh khng dng sack ch cc
ti giy nh hoc nhng loi bao b nh khc dng xch tay khi mua hng ho,
dng c nhn. Nhng bao b nh ny h gi l bag.
2. Ngi M s dng hai danh t sack v bag c th thay i cho nhau, nht l c
dn min Trung Ty. Vi h, bag c th c nhiu c ln nh khc nhau, nhng
thng l nh v lm bng cht liu giy, da, nha...Cn sack thng ch nhng ti
ln lm bng cht liu th.
3. " A bag of " thng dng m ch mt bao v nhng g cha trong hoc ch
nhng g cha trong bao m thi.
E.g: She ate a whole bag of pretzels.
=> C ta n ht c bch bnh quy gin.
_Bag cng dng ch ti c tay cm hay dy eo vai dng khi i mua sm hay
v xch tay ca ph n dng ng giy t, tin, dng c c nhn...
E.g: Helen opened her bag and took out a handkerchief.
=> Helen m v xch tay v ly ra mt ci khn tay.
_Ngi M dng bag ch cc ti hnh l, mt s ngi Anh cng dng nh th.
E.g: The porter took his bags.
=> Ngi phu khun vc cc ti xch ca anh y.
SAHARA v SAHARA DESERT:
_Mt s nh ngn ng hc cho rng vic dng cm t Sahara desert ch sa mc
Sahara Chu Phi l tha. Theo h, ch cn dng Sahara l v t sahara trong
Rp c ngha sa mc. Tuy nhin a s khng ng tnh vi lp lun ny,
STUV
KIU THY TRUNG

vin dn rng, nu nh ting Anh v ting Rp l mt
ngn ng thi th vic ch trch nh th xem ra l ng.
_Nhng sahara trong ting Anh khng c ngha l sa mc m l mt a danh, nn
cm t " the sahara " hay " the sahara desert " ch sa mc Sahara u thng dng
v hin nay, a s cc nh vn u dng Sahara desert hn l Sahara.
E.g: I know I have a very bad headache, and my mouth feels drier than the Sahara
desert.
=> Ti bit ti b nhc u d di v ming ti cm gic nh kh hn c sa mc
Sahara.
_Nhng ngi s dng Sahara desert cn a ra lp lun, trong ting Mng C,
gobi c ngha: mt ni khng c nc, tc m ch n sa mc v trong ting Anh,
Gobi desert c ngha l sa mc Gobi.
SALAD v LETTUCE:
1. Salad thng ch mn rau sng (cha luc hay nu) hn hp nhiu loi rau
m ta c th n ring mnh n hay n ghp vi cc mn khc.
_Salad cng dng ch mn rau trn thp cm gm nhiu th nh x lch, hnh,
c chua,...c thi nh v trn vi nc xt chua, cay, ngt.
2. Cn lettuce c ngha: rau x lch, tc l mt trong nhng loi rau m ta dng
trong mn x lch. im ny cn lu v rt nhiu ngi Vit Nam thng hiu
v dch salad l rau x lch.
E.g: Tear the lettuce into bite-sized pieces.
=> Hy tch rau x lch thnh nhng ming nh va ming n.
SALARY v WAGE:
C hai u ch s tin tr cho mt ngi do nhng cng vic m ngi lm.
_Wages l tin cng tr hng tun da theo mc tin cng tnh theo gi (mi ngy
STUV
KIU THY TRUNG

tr bao nhiu). Wages thng c tr cho cc cng vic
lao ng ph thng hay bn chuyn nghip.
E.g: Wages are paid on Friday.
=> Tin cng c tr vo ngy th su.
_Wage cng thng c dng khi ni n tin lng, tin kim c mt cch
tng qut.
E.g: The are campaigning for a legal minimum wage.
=> H ang vn ng cho mt mc lng ti thiu php nh.
_Nhng ngi lm vic chuyn mn nh gio vin, k s...hay nhn vin vn
phng c nhn tin lng gi l salary. Salary nh r mt khong tin lng c
nh hng nm v ngi c nhn salary s nhn mt khon tin nht nh hng
thng, hng hai tun, hoc hng tun.
E.g.1: The company is offering a salary of $50, 000 per year.
=> Cng ty ang ngh mc lng 50. 000-la/ nm.
E.g.2: He earns a high salary as an accountant.
=> Lm k ton, anh y nhn mc lng cao.
SALE, FOR SALE, ON SALE
1. Sale l danh t c ngha: s bn hng ho, vic bn.
E.g: He gets $5 commission on each sale.
=> Anh ta hng 5 -la tin hoa hng mi ln bn hng.
_"A sale " l s bn hng gim gi. y l lc m cc ca hiu bn hng vi gi h
hn thng l.
E.g: Safeways are having an end-of-season sale.
=> Cc siu th Saleway ang c t bn hng gim gi cui ma.
_Sale vi ngha " hng gim gi " cng c dng trong chc nng thuc ng nh
" sale goods " , " sale prices "
STUV
KIU THY TRUNG

2. " For sale " hoc " up for sale " c ngha: bn, ng
ch nhn ang mun bn.
E.g.1: His house is ups for sale.
=> Nh ca ng ta ang bn.
E.g.2: I'm sorry, this car is not for sale.
=>Ti xin li, chic xe ny khng bn.
3. " On sale " c ngha: c bn, sn sng cho khch hng c th mua.
E.g: The only English newspaper on sale was the Washington Post.
=> T bo ting Anh duy nht c bn l t the Washington Post.
_ M, " on sale " c ngha l bn vi gi h.
E.g: On sale. Jackets marked down from $29.99 to $15.00
=> Hng bn xn. o khoc h gi t 29,99 -la xung 15 -la.
SALUTE v GREET:
L hai ng t ni n vic cho n.
1. Salute l hnh ng cho n mt cch trnh trng, thng l trong qun i.
Chng hn nh c th l cc qun nhn s a nm tay phi ln tri khi h cho
mt n v tng lnh m h knh trng.
E.g: The guard saluted the colonel smartly.
=> Ngi lnh gc cho v i t bng ng tc nhanh v mnh.
_Danh t salute dng ch s n cho mt cch trnh trng nh ta thng nghe
ni " a 21-gun salute " (cuc n cho vi 21 pht i bc).
2. Ta khng dng salute khi ni n s cho n thng thng din ra hng ngy,
nh cho n ngi no vi tnh thn thit, sc vui thch.... ng t dng trong
trng hp nay l greet.
E.g: He greeted his sister with a hug.
=> Anh ta cho n em gi bng mt ci m cht.
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SAME v SIMILAR:
1. Same hu nh lun c mo t " the " i trc.
_Nu hai vt hoc hn na c xem l " the same " th c ngha l chng ging
ht nhau. " The same " c ngha: cng vy, nh nhau, cng mt.
E.g.1: In essence, all computers are the same.
=> V cn bn, tt c cc my tnh u ging nhau.
E.g.2: They are lived in the same house for thirty years.
=> H sng trong cng cn nh 30 nm tri.
_Ta dng " the same as " khi mun din t mt vt g, vic g ging nh ci
cp n, ni n.
E.g: She did exactly the same as Dorothy did.
=> C ta lm y ht nh Dorothy lm.
_Ta khng dng bt c gii t no khc ngoi "as " sau " the same " trong nhng
cu nh trn. Ta cng c th t mt danh t nm gia " the same " v " as " .
E.g: He works in the same office as his brother.
=> Anh ta lm ti cng mt vn phng vi em ca anh ta.
_Ta cng c th dng cu trc " the same...that ", tc mt mnh bt u bng "
that " sau " the same " + danh t.
E.g: She bought the same car as that you did.
=> C ta mua chic xe ging ht chic xe anh mua.
2. Similar c ngha: tng t, ging nh ai nhng khng hon ton nh nhau. Nu
hai ngi hay vt c xem l " similar " th c ngha mi ngi ny c mt vi
im c trng m ngi hay vt kia cng c.
E.g: My problems are similar to yours.
=> Nhng rc ri ca ti tng t ging nh ca anh.
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_Ta c th dng similar ng trc mt danh t khi so
snh mt ngi, mt vt, hay mt s vic vi ngi, vt hay
s vic khc m ta va cp ti.
E.g: Many of today's adults have had a similar experience.
=> Nhiu trong nhng s ngi trng thnh ca thi i ngy nay u c kinh
nghim tng t nhau.
SANATORIUM, SANITARIUM v HOSPICE:
u c ngha l bnh vin, dng ng.
1. Hospice l bnh vin dnh cho nhng ngi hp hi hay ang bnh nng trong
giai on cui ang ch cht. y l ni chm sc cho nhng ngi bnh c
chn on l ch cn sng ti a 6 thng, thng l bnh ung th giai on cui,
bnh phi mn tnh nng, bnh tim, gan...
_Hospice cng c ngha l nh t bn, ni cung cp thc n v ch tm tr cho
ngi ngho.
E.g: We decided we would support the new hospice they are hoping to build near
the railway station.
=> Chng ti quyt nh s h tr cho mt bnh vin dnh cho nhng ngi hp
hi m h mong mun xy ct gn ga xe la
2. Sanatorium v sanitarium u c ngha l vin iu dng, dng ng. Tuy
nhin, sanatorium thng m ch ti ni tnh dng dnh cho nhng ngi cn
ngh ngi vi mc ch phc hi sc khe, hoc l ni iu tr cho nhng ngi
mc bnh ko di hay va mi khi.
E.g: Nature therapy and raw foods are specialties of this sanatorium.
=> Liu php t nhin cng vi thc phm ti sng l nhng dch v c bit ca
dng ng ny
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_Sanitarium nhn mnh n cc iu kin v sinh v
thng l ni dng bnh ca cc bnh nhn cn iu tr.
SATISFACTORY, SATISFYING v SATISFIED:
1. Satisfactory c ngha: tho ng, va , m ch mt mc tt cho mt mc
ch no . Ta ni rng mt vic g l satisfactory khi n c chp nhn hay
p ng mt nhu cu hoc mc ch c bit no .
E.g: She wants a satisfactory explanation of his lateness.
=> B ta mun c mt s gii thch tho ng v s tr ni ca anh y.
2. Ta khng dng satisfactory m t mt vic g em li cho ta cm gic hi
lng, s tho mn. Trong trng hp ny ta dng satisfying .
E.g: There are nothing more satisfying than doing the work you love.
=> Khng c g hi lng hn l lm cng vic m mnh a thch.
3. Tnh t satisfied c ngha: cm thy va lng, tho mn, satisfied thng i vi
gii t with.
E.g: She felt satisfied with all the work she had done.
=> B ta cm thy hi lng vi tt c nhng vic b ta lm.
SCARE, RARE v SCARELY:
1. Scarce v rare l hai tnh t u c ngha: khan him, him, t c.
_Rare c dng khi ni n mt vt hay mt s vic m ngi ta t thy hay xy
ra khng thng xuyn.
E.g: Her visits are rare occasions.
=> Nhng cuc ving thm ca b y l nhng dp him hoi.
_Rare cng m ch nhng vt g c phn phi tha tht trn mt din tch ln
hay cch khong rt xa.
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E.g: Lighthouses are rare on that part of the coast.
=> Him thy cc ngn hi ng vng bin .
_Scarce c ngha: khan him, thng m ch nhng vt dng v thng l nhng
dng trong i sng hng ngy, khi chng khng p ng nhu cu, cung t cu
nhiu, khng cung cp .
E.g: Meat and butter were scarce during the war.
=> Tht v b khan him trong thi chin.
2. Scarcely c ngha : ch va mi, va vn.
E.g: He scarcely knew her.
=> Anh ta ch va mi bit c y.
_Scarcely cn c ngha: chc chn l khng.
E.g: I can scarcely remember what we ate.
=> Ti chc chn khng th nh chng n nhng g.
SCENE, SIGHT v VIEW:
1. Scene c nhiu ngha.
Trc ht, scene c th m ch cnh trong mt phim, v kch hoc mt cun tiu
thuyt, tc mt phn ca v kch, mt on phim, sch...
E.g: It was like some scene from her new novel.
=> N ging nh vi cnh trong cun tiu thuyt mi ca b y.
_Scene ca mt tai nn hay mt v n chnh l ni xy ra v vic. Scene lc c
ngha: hin trng.
E.g: They returned to the scene of the murder.
=> H tr li hin trng v st nhn.
_Ta cng c th din t cm tng, n tng ca mnh trc s vt din ra xung
quanh vo mt thi khc no bng danh t scene vi ngha: quang cnh, cnh
tng.
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E.g: The boats in Hudson Bay make a beautiful scene.
=> Nhng chic thuyn vnh Hudson to nn mt cnh
tng p.
2. View l t tng qut ng n nhng g hin ra trc mt.
_View cng l quang cnh, cnh vt nhng l nhng g c th nhn thy t mt
im no .
E.g: Her apartment affords a view of the park.
=> T cn h ca c y c th nhn cnh vt ca cng vin.
3. Ngoi ngha: sc nhn,, th lc, sight cng c ngha: cnh, cnh tng, nhng
m ch nhng g gy n tng cho ta.
E.g: Come and see the sights of Hue.
=> Hy n v tham quan nhng cnh p ca Hu.
SCENERY v LANDSCAPE:
1. Nu nh ta mun din t cnh vt xung quanh mnh, nhng cnh thin nhin hp
dn ca mt vng qu nh ni non, sng h...th ta dng scenery.
E.g: They haven't had the time to admire the scenery.
=> H khng c thi gian chim ngng cnh vt.
2. Khi ta mun m t phong cnh ca mt vng, tc nhng g ta c th thy c
quanh mnh khi du hnh qua vng , ta dng danh t landscape din t, cho d
cnh vt c hp dn hay khng.
E.g.1: The landscape seemed desolate.
=> Cnh vt c v tiu iu.
E.g.2: Mountains dominate the DaLat landscape.
=> Ni non bao trm cnh vt ca Lt.
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SCEPTIC v SCEPTICAL:
1. Sceptic c ngha: ngi hoi nghi, ngi hay hoi nghi, tc
nhng ngi hay hoi nghi, khng tin vo nhng li tuyn b, li xc nhn...l
ng s tht, khng tin vo nhng g ngi khc tin.
E.g: She will need to polish her arguments if she is to convince the sceptic.
=> B ta cn phi nh bng nhng lp lun ca mnh nu nh mun thuyt phc
nhng ngi hoi nghi.
2. Cn sceptical c ngha: hoi nghi, khng sn lng vo ci g.
E.g: Her mother was sceptical about hypnotism.
=> M c y nghi ng v thut thi min.
SHOLAR v SCHOLARSHIP:
_Scholarship l hc bng, cn scholar l ngi nhn c hc bng, thng l hc
vin hay l hc sinh xut sc dnh c hc bng c tin n hc.
_Scholar cn c ngha: hc gi, nh nghin cu, m ch nhng ngi i chuyn
su, nghin cu v mt lnh vc no . Hin nay, cch dng theo ngha ny b
xem l hi li thi.
E.g: At Houston, she had established herself as an important scholar of Chinese
literature.
=> Ti Houston, b y xc nhn t cch l mt hc gi quan trng v vn
chng Trung Quc.
SCREAM, BELLOW v ROAR:
1. Scream c ngha: ku tht ln, khc tht ln v s hi, n cn c ngha l ci
ph ln.
E.g: We all screamed with laughter.
=> Tt c chng ti u ci ph ln.
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2. Bellow c bit nhn mnh n ngha: rng, gm
vang, go tht.
E.g: The major bellowed orders at the battalion.
=> Vin thiu t go ln ra lnh trc tiu on.
_Bellow cng thng dng ch ting rng ca nhng ng vt nh b c, nai...
3. Roar cng c ngha l ting gm, go tht v thng dng khi din t ng thi
ca mt m ng go tht v rn vang, cng c hm ngha n o, no ng.
E.g: The crowd roared approval.
=> m ng go ln ng tnh.
SEASONAL v SEASONABLE:
Hai t ny rt d b dng ln ln v ng ngha.
1. Seasonal c ngha: tng ma, tng thi v, thay i theo ma, thuc v hoc
lin quan n ma.
E.g: The incident has further increased the tension between seasonal and
permanent employees.
=> S c lm thm cng thng gia nhng ngi lm cng theo thi v v
nhng ngi lm cng lu di.
2. Cn seasonable c ngha: hp thi v, ng thi tit trong nm, ng lc.
E.g: The suggestion came at a seasonable time.
=> Li xut n ng lc.
SEARCH v RESEARCH:
1. Research l danh t v ng t vi ngha: nghin cu. Research l cng trnh
lin quan n vic nghin cu vic g, iu g hoc c pht hin s tht hay thng
tin mi. Cm t thng dng l " do research " .
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E.g: They had come to China to do some research into
Anglo-Chinese literature.
=> H n Trung quc tin hnh mt vi nghin cu v vn chng TrungAnh.)
2. Danh t v ng t search th c ngha: s khm xt, lc sot, tm ti.E.g: A
quick search of the house revealed nothing.
=> Cuc lc sot nhanh chng ca ngi nh chng pht hin g c.
SEAT, ROOM, SPACE v PLACE:
L nhng danh t m ch n mt ni, mt ch, mt din tch trong mt cn
phng, to nh,...
1. Room- ngoi ngha thng dng l phng, bung- cn c ngha: ch, tc mt
khong khng gian khng xc nh dnh cho mt mc ch no .
E.g: Is there enough room for her in your car ?
=> C ch cho c y ngi trn xe anh khng ?
_Tng t nh room l t dng ph bin ch mt khong khng gian, mt din tch
khng xc nh cho mt vic g, space l danh t c ngha: ch trng, khong
trng.
E.g: The couch takes up too much space in the living room.
=> B i-vng chim qu nhiu ch trong phng khch.
2. Seat v place l hai danh t m c, u ni n cc khong khng, din tch
xc nh v thng dng ngi. Seat c ngha: ch ngi, gh, cn place l: ch,
ni, a im.
E.g: There are no seats/ places left for tonight.
=> Khng cn ch no cho xut din ti nay.
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SEE, LOOK AT v WATCH:
L nhng t lin quan n hnh ng ngm, nhn, quan st, xem
xt.
1. See l ng t bt quy tc (see-saw-seen), c dng vi nhiu ngha khc nhau.
_Khi see dng vi ngha: trng thy bng mt mnh th ngi ta khng thng
dng hnh thc tin hnh. din t vic trng thy mt ci g vo thi im ni,
ngi Anh s dng " can see " cn ngi M th dng tr ng t " can " hoc
khng.
E.g: I can see the horizon now.
=> Ti c th thy ng chn tri lc ny.
_See cng thng dng vi ngha: gp, khm bnh. Vi ngha ny, ngi ta c th
dng th tin hnh.
E.g: I'm seeing the doctor tomorrow morning.
=> Sng mai ti s i khm bnh.
_Trong m thoi,see thng dng vi ngha " understand " trong cu " I see " hm
" ti hiu " .
E.g: We've got a problem. (Chng ta gp rc ri.)
I see. (Ti hiu.)
_Khi see c ngha ca " understand " ta c th dng vi " can " hoc " could "
E.g: I can see the advantages of the project.
=> Ti c th hiu nhng ci li ca d n.
_See nm trong mt s cu thng dng nh " Let me see " hay " I'll see " th c
ngha: suy ngh, xem xt.
2. Look at cng c ngha l ngm, nhn, nhng nhn s vt bng con mt chm ch,
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xem xt mt cch k cng. Khi ta dng look at mt vt g
i mt ta nhn thng vo vt y.
E.g: People looked at him in astonishment.
=> Dn chng nhn anh ta vi ni kinh ngc.
_Ta c th trng thy, nhn mt vt g m ta khng mun, khng thch, nhng ta
khng th ngm nhn bt c mt vt g m ta khng ch tm, c . Hy so snh:
E.g: I looked at the photo, but I didn't see anybody I knew.
=> Ti nhn k tm hnh nhng khng thy quen mt ai c.
3. Watch cng tng t nh look at nhng y l ci nhn, quan st, theo di tp
trung vo i tng.
E.g: They stopped and refuelled at Santa Fe and watched the sunset.
=> H dng v thm nhin liu Santa Fe v quan st mt tri ln.
_Sau watch ta c th s dng ng t nguyn mu khng " to " nu ta ng n
mt s kin hay hnh ng hon tt.
E.g: I watched my son cross the road.
=> Ti theo di con trai ti bng qua ng.
_Ta dng hnh thc "-ing " sau watch nu s kin hay hnh ng tip tc din ra.
E.g: I watched my son crossing the road.
=> Ti trng chng con trai ti bng qua ng.
SEEK v LOOK FOR:
Seek c ngha: tm kim (ci g), tm, nh ai lm vic g. Seek l ng t bt quy
tc (seek-sought-sought).
E.g: She was seeking the help of someone who spoke English.
=> C y tm kim s gip ca mt ngi no bit ting Anh.
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_Seek thng c dng trong vn vit v khng thng
dng trong m thoi. Khi ni chuyn, ngi ta thng
dng " try to get " hoc " try to find " thay cho seek.
E.g: He tried to find other work.
=> Anh y c tm cng vic khc.
_Trong Anh ng hin i, ngi ta khng bao gi ni rng mt ngi no seek
mt ngi hay mt vt m dng look for thay th.
E.g: Are you still looking for a job?
=> Anh c cn tm vic lm na khng?
SELDOM v HARDLY EVER:
_Seldom l t trang trng v thng dng trong vn vit vi ngha: him khi, t
khi, dng ch mt vic g xy ra khng thng xuyn, him hoi.
_Cn ch n v tr ca seldom trong cu. Nu khng c tr ng t, seldom
thng c t trc ng t chnh - ngoi tr " to be " .
E.g: It seldom rains there.
=> ni him khi ma.
_Seldom ng sau " to be ". Trong trng hp c nhiu tr ng t th seldom
c t sau tr ng t th nht.
E.g: The life of an actor's wife is seldom easy.
=> Cuc sng ngi v ca nam din vin tht khng phi d.
_Thnh thong seldom cng thng t u cu vi cu trc: seldom + tr ng
t + ch ng.
E.g: Seldom did a week pass without a request for information.
=> Him khi mt tun l tri qua m khng c yu cu thng tin.
_Seldom rt t khi dng trong m thoi. Ngi ta thay bng " hardly ever " .
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E.g: She hardly ever goes to bed before midnight.
=> C y him khi i ng trc na m.
SELECT, CHOOSE v PICK:
C ba ng t u c ngha l chn la
1. Choose ch mt quyt nh da trn cht lng vt tri rt r. Cng c th
"choose" gia hai th, hai ngi, trong khi ta thng dng "select" hoc "pick"
chn gia s lng nhiu hn. Choose l ng t bt quy tc ( choose -> chose ->
chosen ).
E.g: she chose a red dress.
2. Select l chn la c cn nhc cn thn v thng l s la chn cho thch
hp (fitness). Select trang trng hn choose v pick v khng thng dng trong
m thoi hng ngy.
E.g: Her shop selects only the best quality products.
3. Pick l t khng dng trang trng, dng "chn" ngi vi thn mt. Khi dng
vi vt, pick c ngha l "nht ra", chn ra t mt ng vt.
E.g: Next time let's pick other players who can play in the match.
SENSE, MEANING, SIGNIFICANCE v PURPORT:
u l nhng t cp n nhng g biu th, ngha ca s vt, trong
meaning l t dng chung v tng qut nht.
1. Sense c dng m ch mt ngha ring bit no ca mt t, mt cm
t.
E.g: The word is frequently used in this sense.
=> T thng c dng theo ngha ny
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2. Significance m ch n ngha ng hn l nhng g
biu hin bn ngoi.
E.g: What is the significance of this symbol ?
=> ngha ca biu tng ny l g ?
_Ta cng thng nghe ni " the significance of her glance " ( ngha v ci lic
nhn ca b ta).
_Significance cng ni n mt ngha quan trng m khng d dng cm nhn
ngay lp tc.
E.g: The real significance of his words was not grasped at the time.
=> ngha thc s ca nhng li ng y ni khng hiu thu o ngay c u
3. Cn purport th gii hn trong ng ngha ca mt vn kin, mt bi din vn hay
mt cuc hi thoi quan trng.
E.g: The purport of the statement is that this company is bankrupt.
=> ngha ca li tuyn b l cng ty ny b ph sn
SENSIBLE v SENSITIVE:
C hai t ny u lin quan n ng ngha ca sense: gic quan, s nhy cm, c
phn on, s khn ngoan.
1. Sensible lin quan n ngha: l phi, khn ngoan, c l. Mt ngi c m t
l sensible khi ngi a ra nhng quyt nh, nhn xt da vo l l hn l vo
xc cm, tnh cm.
E.g: He was a sensible person and did not panic.
=> Anh ta l mt ngi sng sut v khng hong ht.
2. Cn sensitive lin quan n ngha: nhy cm.
E.g: Don't laugh at her; she is very sensitive.
=> ng ci c y, c ta rt nhy cm.
_Nhng nu ta ni rng, mt ngi no l " sensitive to " vi nhng vn hay
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cm ngh ca ngi khc th c ngha l ta m ch ngi
biu l s thng cm, am hiu v s vic.
E.g: He's trying to make people more sensitive to the difficulties faced by workers.
=> ng y ang c lm cho ngi ta thng cm hn vi nhng kh khn m cng
nhn phi i din.
SENSUAL v SENSUOUS:
Ngha khc bit gia hai t ny l, sensuous nhn mnh n s thch th lin quan
n m hc, c thm m, trong khi sensual hm n s khoi lc.
_Sensuous l nhng g gy thch th cho gic quan, do gic quan cm nhn nh ta
ni " sensuous impressions " (nhng cm nhn th v), " the sensuous qualities of
music " (nhng gi tr khoi cm ca m nhc).
_Sensual gi ln s hng th, hng lc.
E.g: You would not believe it, but I was very sensual. I believe it.
=> C th bn khng tin nhng ti th rt thch hng th khoi lc. Ti tin th
y.
SHADOW v SHADE:
1. Shadow c ngha: bng, ch ti, tc l phn bng ti to nn trn mt b mt do
mt vt th no ngn cn nh sng to thnh.
E.g: The desk casts a shadow on the wall.
=> Ci bn giy ht bng ln bc tng.
_Nu mt ni no b ti v nh sng b ngn khng n c th ta ni "in
shadow".
E.g: The whole canyon is in shadow.
=> C ci hm ni u trong bng ti.
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2. Shade c ngha: bng mt, bng rm, m ch mt ni
no rm mt v nh sng mt tri b ngn li. Shade hm
c bo v, che ch khi nh nng ca mt tri.
We sat in the shade of a tree.
(Chng ti ngi di bng mt ca cy.)
SHAMBLE v SHUFFLE:
L hai t din t dng i l bc, tc i m khng d chn ln, khng nhc bn
chn ln khi mt t.
1. Shuffle ng n hnh ng l bc mt cch mt mi, chm chp.
2. Shamble l l bc nhng c th cn nhanh nhn v i khi cn thiu thn
trng.
E.g.1: The queue of prisoners shuffled towards the concentration camp.
=> on t nhn l bc hng v tri tp trung.
E.g.2 :The hungry beggars shambled past him.
=> Nhng ngi n xin i kht l bc qua mt anh y.
SHOP v STORE:
Hai t c ngha: ca hng, ca hiu. Shop cn thng dng trong vai tr lm ng
t.
1. Anh, mt to nh hay mt phn ca to nh dng bn th gi l shop, trong
khi M, mt ca hng nh th th ngi ta gi l store, ngoi tr ca hiu rt
nh v ch bn mt loi hng ho th ngi M mi gi l shop.
E.g: This multi-storey department store is known for its two floors of shoes.
=> Ca hng bch ho nhiu tng ny c bit n nh hai tng bn giy.
2. Khi c dng lm ng t, shop c ngha: i mua sm, i ch. Gii t i vi
shop thng l for.
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E.g: She's shopping for her birthday party.
=> C ta i mua sm cho tic sinh nht ca mnh.
_Nhng hin nay thng dng ch vic i mua sm l cm t " go shopping " .
E.g: We went shopping yesterday evening.
=> Chiu hm qua chng ti mua sm.
3. Shopping thng dng lm danh t v l danh t khng m c vi hai ngha.
N m ch hnh ng mua bn hng ho cc ca hng, cc ch.
E.g: He doesn't like shopping.
=> Anh y khng thch i mua sm.
_Shopping cng dng m ch cc hng ho mua t trong cc ca hiu, trong
ch.
E.g: Where did I leave my shopping?
=> Ti hng ho mnh mua u ri ?
_Nu mt ngi i ch, i siu th mua sm nhng vt dng thng dng th ta
dng cm t " do the shopping " .
E.g: Who's going to do the shopping ?
=> Ai s i ch y ?
SHORE, COAST v BEACH:
Ba t ny u lin quan n phn t nm cnh nhng vng nc ln nh bin
hoc h rng mnh mong.
1. Shore v coast ch b bin. Shore l di t chy di theo b sng, cnh mp
nc. Shore c th l phn t bng phng, y t ct hoc c th nhiu . So
vi beach v coast, shore l t c tnh tng qut hn.
E.g: The ship reached shore.
=> tu cp b
_Coast l phn t ln hn chy dc theo b bin.
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E.g: She live on the coast, a few miles from the sea.
=> C y sng gn b bin, cch b bin c vi dm
_ M, "the coast" ch phn t lin rng ln, tip gip vi Thi Bnh Dng.
E.g: He is flying out to the coast this weekend.
=> Anh y s bay qua vng duyn hi vo cui tun ny
2. Beach l bi bin, bi ct, hoc si, cui, nm dc theo b bin, b h
ln...L phn dc thoai thoi ca b thng b sng trn ln hoc b ngp khi thy
triu dng cao v l ni con ngi s dng cm tri, t chc vui a, lp bi
tm...E.g: They are vacationing at the beach.
=> H ang ngh h bi bin
SHORTS v PANTS:
L nhng danh t ni v qun o nam gii v n gii.
1. Anh, pants c ngha: qun lt, tc loi qun ngn thng may hay dt bng
vi thun dnh cho n ng hay n b v tr con mc bn trong nhng qun o
khc.
_Pants c hai ng v d co gin quanh tht lng v hng. Pants l t dng chung.
_ M, ngi ta dng pants ch qun di ca c nam ln n.
E.g: He wore black pants and a white shirt.
=> Anh y mc qun di en v o s mi trng
2. Shorts ch qun ngn, qun i, qun sc c dng trong th thao hoc khi
thi tit nng.
E.g: His white shorts were sticking to him with sweat.
=> Chic qun sc ca anh y dnh cht vo ngi t m m hi
_V l danh t s nhiu nn ta khng ni " a pants " hay " a shorts " m thng
dng ng t hnh thc s t.
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E.g: I like a pair of pants that fits well.
=> Ti thch ci qun mc va vn
SHORTLY v BRIEFLY:
1. Shortly thng dng vi ngha: khng lu, sm.
E.g:He died shortly afterwards.
=> ng ta cht ngay sau .
E.g: I'll be with you shortly.
=> Ti s n vi em ngay thi m.
2. Ta khng dng shortly ni n mt vic g din ra hoc c tin hnh trong
mt thi gian ngn. Trng t dng trong trng hp ny l briefly vi ngha: vn
tt, ngn gn.
E.g: He told me briefly what had happened.
=> Anh y k cho ti nghe vn tt nhng g xy ra.
SHOUT AT v SHOUT TO:
1. Shout at m ch hnh ng ln ting vi nhng ngi gn mnh t thi
tc gin.
E.g: She shouted at them for spoiling her lovely evening.
=> C y ht ln gin gi vi h v lm mt bui chiu ti th v ca c.
2. Cn shout to vi mt ngi no c ngha l ta tht ln cho h c th nghe
ta.
E.g: He shouted to me across the room.
=> C y tht gi ti t bn kia phng.
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SHOUT, CRY v YELL:
1. Cry l t tng qut, thng i vi "out" m ch ng thi ht
ln, nh l phn ng t nhin ca mt ngi khi gp nhng tnh hung bt ng, i
din vi cn au, s ngc nhin...
E.g: He cried out in pain when his tooth was pulled out.
=> Anh ta ht ln au n khi chic rng ca anh ta c nh ra.
2. Shout c ngha: la ht, qut ln, tc ln ting t v gin gi hoc c thu ht
s ch ca ngi khc.
E.g: He shouted back to his companions.
=> Anh y nt li nhng ngi cng i.
3. Yell ng ngha vi shout, cry out v thng m ch hnh ng ht ln ting ht
chi tai khi gp au n, s hi...
E.g: She always yells when she is angry.
=> C y lun tht ln khi gin gi.
SHOW v INDICATE:
u l hai ng t hm v hnh ng biu l, ch r, trnh by,... Tuy nhin, khi
i vi ch ng l ngi th hai t ny dng khng ging nhau.
1. Show: Ch r cho ai v vt g hoc iu g m ngi gii thiu bng cch a
lun hoc cm cho ngi khc xem trc tip lun. Khi dng v ngha ny lun c
b ng theo sau.
E.g. He shows it to all his friends.
=> Anh y a ci cho tt c bn b xem.
2. Indicate: Ch cho ngi khc xem nhng ch l ch v hng hoc gt u v
vt hay i tng ang mun hin th.
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E.g. With a nod of his head, he indicated to me where I
should sit.
=> Bng mt ci gt u, ng y ch cho ti bit ni no ti nn ngi.
SHRINK v SHRUNKEN:
1. Shrink l ng t bt quy tc (shrink-shrank-shrunk) c ngha: co li, gim i.
E.g.1: Will my pants shrink in the wash?
=> Liu chic qun ca ti c b co li khi git khng ?
E.g.2: Last year, the economy shrank by 5 per cent.
=> Nm ngoi kinh t gim i 5%.
2. Cn shrunken thng ng trc danh t vi chc nng thuc ng c ngha:
co li.
E.g: Her uncle is a shrunken old man.
=> Ch c y l mt ngi nh th, ln tui.
SINCE v FOR:
1. Trong ting Anh, c hai gii t ny u ch v thi gian, nhng c im khc
nhau.
For lun theo sau bng mt cm t ch thi gian, cn since theo sau l mt cm t
ch mc thi gian .
E.g.1: They have lived here for 4 years.
=> H sng y 4 nm.
E.g.2: John has been here since eight o'clock.
=> John y t 8 gi.
2. Nu ta mun ni n khong thi gian mt s vic din ra l bao nhiu lu, th ta
dng during hoc over.
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E.g:A considerable amount of rain has fallen during/ over
the past tree months.
=> Mt lng ma ng k xung trong 3 thng qua.
3. din t mt s vic khi u v kt thc, ta khng dng "...since ... to..." m
dng "...from...to..." .
E.g: She was private secretary to the Mayor from 2001 to 2004.
=> C y l th k ring ca ngi th trng t nm 2001 n nm 2004.
SINK v SUNKEN:
Sink l ng t bt quy tc (sink-sank-sunk) c ngha: chm, nh chm, ln xung.
E.g: The boat sank to the bottom of the river.
=> Chic thuyn chm xung y sng.
Tnh t sunken c ngha: b chm, trng lm nh khi ta ni " the remains of
asunken battleship " (xc ca mt tu chin b nh chm), " sunken treasure " (kho
bu b chm), " the sunken eyes " (nhng con mt trng su)...
SKID v SLIDE:
C hai u ni v s trt.
_Slide m t s chuyn ng m thm, nh nhng trn b mt bng phng, trn
hoc nhn nh trt bng, chi vn trt, cu trt. Slide l ng t bt quy tc
(slide-slid-slid).
E.g: She was slidding helplessly on the ice.
=> C y trt di trn mt bng m khng gng li c.
_Cn skid thng dng m t tnh trng xe trt ng, nh khi xe chy trn
tuyt b trt bnh hoc khi li xe nhanh qua khc cua b trt khi ng.
E.g: The taxe skidded into a wall.
=> Chic taxi trt bnh m vo bc tng.
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SKILLED, SKILFUL V EXPERT:
L nhng t ni n s kho tay, lnh ngh, s tinh thng, lo
luyn...trong cc lnh vc ngh nghip, nht l nhng vic lm th cng.
1. Skilful c ngha: tinh xo, kho lo, m ch c bit n s kho lo.
E.g: The skilful midfield Vietnamese picked up the ball just outside the area and
with the outside of his right foot, fired in an amazing shot.
=> Trung phong ti ba ca Vit Nam ot c bng ngay st ngoi vng cm i
v bng m ngoi chn phi, st mt qu tuyt vi.)
2. Skilled ng n s lnh ngh, c k xo nh vo kinh nghim lm vic trong
thi gian di hoc c o to bi bn v mt cng vic nht nh.
E.g: A skilled engineer takes four or five years to train.
=> Mt k s lnh ngh phi mt 4 n 5 nm o to.
Skilled cng c dng trc mt danh t trong vai tr thuc ng din t mt
cng vic cn s kho lo.
E.g: Carpentry was a skilled job, requiting a two-year apprenticeship.
=> Th mc l mt cng vic cn s kho tay, i hi 2 nm hc vic.
3. Expert c ngha: lo luyn, tinh thng, ca nh chuyn mn, i hi trnh
chuyn mn cao.
E.g: Buying any used car is a gamble, but you can reduce the risk by getting
independent expert advice.
=> Mua xe hi c l mt tr may ri, nhng bn c th gim ri ro bng cch xin
kin chuyn mn c lp.
SLEEP v ASLEEP:
1. Sleep l ng t bt quy tc (sleep-slept-slept) c ngha: ng.
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E.g: She had not slept or eaten for 2 days.
=> C y khng ng hoc n g trong hai ngy ri.
_Sleep cn l danh t vi ngha: gic ng, s ng, dng din t trng thi t
nhin ca s ngh ngi.
E.g: I didn't get much sleep.
=> Ti khng ng c nhiu.
2. Asleep c ngha: ang ng. Khi din t mt ngi ang trong tnh trng ng, ta
khng dng sleep m dng asleep i sau mt ng t.
E.g: David was asleep in the guest room when they walked in.
=> David ang ng trong phng khch khi h i vo.
Note:
Asleep khng ng vai tr lm thuc ng, tc khng dng trc danh t m ch
lm chc nng v ng tc ng sau mt ng t.
E.g: She fell asleep during the meeting.
=> C y ng thip i trong cuc hp.
_ din t mt ngi no ang ng say, ng m mt ta khng dng cc trng
t nh very hoc completely trc asleep.
SMALL v LITTLE:
C hai t u c ngha: nh b, yu, ngn, t, khng quan trng, tm thng. Tuy
nhin c mt s im khc nhau.
1. V ngha: Small c th c dng thay cho little trong nhiu trng hp, nhng
c bit small hm ngha v kch thc. Cn little c dng rt tng qut, c th
bao hm v kch thc, s lng, mc ,...
E.g.1: She is bought a small house in the country.
=> B y mua mt ngi nh nh vng qu.
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E.g.2: He only had a little snack at lunchtime.
=> Anh y ch n mt t thc n nh trong ba n tra.
2. V v tr trong cu, trong mnh : Little thng ch c dng trc danh t.
E.g: There's a little shop opposite the church that sells milk.
=> C mt ca hiu nh bn sa i din vi nh th.
_Small c th c c trc danh t hay sau mt ng t nh " to be " .
E.g: This shirt is too small for him.
=> Chic o s mi ny qu nh so vi anh y.
3. Dng vi cc trng t: Ta c th dng cc trng t nh quite, rather,
very,...trc small, nhng khng dng cho little.
E.g: He has a quite small income.
=> Anh y c thu nhp kh khim tn.
4. V hnh thc so snh v so snh cao nht: Small c cc hnh thc so snh v so
snh cao nht.
E.g: Her house is smaller than yours.
=> Nh c y nh hn nh ca anh.
_Little cng c hnh thc so snh littler v littlest nhng khng thng dng.
SO, VERY v TOO:
u c dng nhn mnh ngha ca mt tnh t, trng t, hoc nhng t nh
many, much, nhng c cch dng khc nhau.
1. Cng c ngha: rt, cc k; nhng very c dng khi ta mun a ra thng tin,
trong khi so c dng ch yu m ch n thng tin bit, cp hoc
nhng g hin nhin.
E.g: It was very cold when we were in Colorado.
=> Tri rt lnh khi chng ti Colorado.
_Cu ny cung cp thng tin.
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KIU THY TRUNG

E.g: If I'd known it would be so cold, I'd have taken
heavier clothing.
=> Nu bit thi tit lnh th ny th ti mang theo qun o m hn.
_Cu ny ng n thng tin m ngi ta bit.
_Trong cu trc dng nh mt hnh thc tn thn, so cng c th cung cp thng
tin mi nh very
E.g: He's so bad-tempered !
=> Cu y xu tnh th !
_Ta khng dng very trong cu trc ch kt qu thay vo ta dng cu trc:
so...that-clause.
2. Too ng n mt mc qu ng, cao hn mc cho php hoc mc c th v
thng dn n kt qu l khng hoc khng th xy ra.
E.g: They can't ski because there's too little snow.
=> H khng th trt tuyt v c qu t tuyt.
SOCIAL v SOCIABLE:
1. Social c ngha: thuc v hay lin quan n x hi. Social ng trc danh t
trong vai tr thuc ng.
E.g: He worked with drug addicts from Las Vegas and as a social worker.
=> Vi t cch l mt nhn vin x hi, anh y lm vic vi nhng ngi nghin
ma tu n t Las Vegas.
_Ta cng dng social din t mi quan h gia ngi vi ngi, quan h bn
b...
E.g: Social contacts are an important need for every human being.
=> Nhng s giao dch x hi l nhu cu thit yu cho mi mt con ngi.
2. Sociable c ngha: thch giao du, kt bn, chan ho.
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E.g: David had tried to be sociable to everyone.
=> David c t ra chan ho vi mi ngi.
_Sociable cn l danh t ch mt bui tp hp khng chnh thc.
SOLICITOR v ATTORNEY:
1. Solicitor l lut s, c vn php lut, tc l lut s chuyn t vn cho khch
hng nhng vn lin quan n php lut.
_Solicitor l lut s son tho cc ti liu, vn kin php l, chun b h s cho cc
v tranh tng. Trong hu ht cc trng hp, solicitor u c th i din thn ch
trc ta.
E.g: Anyone with a legal problem had to consult a solicitor.
=> Bt c ngi no c rc ri v lut php cn phi tham vn lut s
2. Attorney l t thng dng M, c ngha: lut s, dng ch nhng ngi i
din cho khch hng, thn ch ca mnh v cc vn lut php v t cch thay
mt cho h ti ta n.
E.g: If you decide to buy this house, your attorney will take care of all the legal
edtails.
=> Nu bn quyt nh mua cn nh ny, lut s ca bn s lo tt c chi tit th tc
php l
SOMETIME v SOMETIMES:
1. Sometime khi l trng t th c ngha: mt lc no , mt thi im no
trong qu kh hoc trong tng lai nhng khng nh r.
E.g: I saw her sometime last year.
=> Ti c gp c y mt ln no hi nm ngoi.
_L tnh t trong vai tr thuc ng, sometime c hai ngha.
_Mt ngha c xem l c: trc kia, c thi, nguyn.
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E.g: He's a sometime member of Labor.
=> ng y l cu thnh vin cng ng.
_Ngha th hai l thnh thong.
E.g: There will be sometime showers during the day.
=> Thnh thong s c ma ro ban ngy.
2. Sometimes c ngha: thnh thong, i khi, i lc.
E.g: She sometimes writes to him.
=> Thnh thong c ta vit th cho anh ta.
SO MUCH v SO MANY:
_So much c dng vi nhng danh t s t, khng m c.
E.g: There was so much traffic that I was stationary for an hour.
=> C qu nhiu xe c khin ti phi dng li mt mt gi ng h.
_Cn so many th dng vi danh t s nhiu.
E.g: I want to do so many different things.
=> Ti mun lm bit bao nhiu vic khc nhau.
SOON v EARLY:
1. Soon c dng khi ni n nhng g xy ra trong thi gian sp ti. Soon lc
c ngha: sp, ngay, chng my chc.
E.g: They will soon be home.
=> H s c mt nh ngay thi.
_Khi ni v qu kh, ta cng c th dng soon m ch nhng g din ra ch
mt thi gian ngn sau s vic khc.
E.g: She left soon after you did.
=> C y b i ch sau mt lt anh ta ra i.
_Ngoi v tr gia cu, soon cn c t u cu hay cui cu.
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E.g.1: She'll be there very soon.
=> C y s n trong chc lt.
E.g.2: Soon he was a rich man.
=> Chng my chc ng ta tr thnh ngi giu c.
2. Early c ngha: sm, u, lc u, tc gn lc bt u khong thi gian m ta
ang ni hoc ang ngh n.
E.g: He usually gets up early in the morning.
=> Anh y thng dy sm vo bui sng.
_Early cng cn c hm ngha: trc thi gian trng i.
E.g: The train arrived ten minutes early.
=> Tu la n sm 10 pht.
SORT OF, KIND OF v TYPE OF:
_u l nhng cm t vi ngha: loi, th, hng, tc ch nhng nhm c c tnh
ging nhau.
_Trong m thoi, c dng trc danh t ni rng, mt ngi hay mt vt
no thuc v mt nhm c c tnh ging nhau v danh t thng c dng
hnh thc s t.
E.g: She's the sort of person I dislike.
=> B y l hng ngi ti chng thch.
E.g: Which type of tea do you prefer?
=> Anh thch loi tr no ?
_Sau sort of, kind of v type of ngi ta cng c th dng danh t s nhiu, nht l
trong cch ni v vit khng trang trng.
E.g: I've met all kind of tourists, businessmen.
=>Ti gp th loi du khch, doanh nhn.
_Nhng ta dng danh t s t thng dng hn.
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E.g: They sell most sorts of shirt.
=> H bn hu ht cc loi o s mi.
SO LONG AS v AS LONG AS:
1. Ta dng as long as v so long as nh mt lin t vi ngha: nu m, vi iu
kin l, min l. Sau as long as hay so long as l mt th n (simple tense).
E.g: You can look as long as you don't touch.
=> Bn c th nhn min l ng s vo.
2. Ta cng dng as long as (so long as khng dng theo cch ny) vi ngha: t
khi, trong chng mc m. As long as lc ni v mt s vic tri qua trong mt
thi gian di, hoc cng di nu nh c th.
E.g: He love a football, and he wants to keep playing as long as he can.
=> Anh y yu thch bng v mun tip tc chi cng lu cng tt.
SO THAT v IN ORDER THAT:
-Cu trc ny thng dng ch mc ch, khi ta ni v mt s vic g c tin
hnh cho mt mc ch no .
_So that thng dng hn in order that, nht l trong nhng kiu cch khng trang
trng. Thng thng cu trc ny c theo sau bng cc tr ng t tnh thi nh
can hoc will; may c dng trong vn phong trang trng.
E.g.1: She has to earn lots of money so that she can buy a new car.
=> C y phi kim tht nhiu tin mua xe hi mi.
E.g.2: He left early in order that he might arrive on time.
=> Anh ta i sm c th n ng gi.
_Note: Trong cch dng thng thng, ngi M a lc b that sau so.
E.g.3: I've come early so I can talk to you.
=> Ti n sm c th ni chuyn vi anh.
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SOUND v NOISE:
_L nhng t m ch n nhng g m ta nghe c vi ngha:
m thanh, ting, ting ng. Sound v noise thnh thong c th thay th cho nhau.
_Sound thng dng hn, thng ng nhng g thnh gic thu nhn c trong
tm nghe. Cn noise m ch n nhng ting ln, n o, kh chu.
E.g.1: I heard the sound of footsteps outside the room.
=> Ti nghe ting bc chn bn ngoi cn phng.
E.g.2: Who's making those noises?
=> Ai ang gy ra nhng ting n o vy ?
_Note:
Khi sound dng trong vai tr tnh t, ngha ca n hon ton khc. Nu ta ni mt
vt g l sound th c ngha vt kho mnh hoc trong tnh trng tt.
E.g: He has sound teeth.
=> Anh y c hm rng tt.
SOUVENIR v MEMORY:
1. Souvenir l nhng g ta mua hoc nhn ghi nh hay nhc ta nh n mt
ngi, mt s kin, mt ni chn m ta tng thm...Souvenir c ngha: vt k
nim, k vt.
E.g: The Ao Dai was the only souvenir she brought back from Vietnam.
=> Chic o di l k vt duy nht m c y mang v t Vit Nam.
2. Memory c ngha: tr nh, k c.
E.g: He had no memory of what had happened.
=> Anh y chng nh cht g v vic xy ra.
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SOW v SEW:
1. Sow: gieo, trng.
E.g.1. Sow the seeds in rows.
=> Gieo ht ging theo nhiu hng li.
+ Sow cn c ngha l lan truyn suy ngh, tng theo chiu hng xu, tiu cc.
E.g.2. They sow the confusion in the Manager Board.
=> H gieo s xo trn trong ban Gam c.
2. Sew: khu, m, may v.
E.g. My mother taught me how to sew.
=> M ti dy ti khu v.
SPEAK v TALK:
C hai u c ngha: ni, pht biu. Speak l ng t bt quy tc (speak-spokespoken) v trang trng hn talk. Nhng cch dng th c nhng im d bit.
1. Speak c dng din t s truyn t mt chiu, hay s trao i trong tnh
hung trang trng.
E.g: She'll have to speak to the class about the danger of smoking.
=> B y s phi ni chuyn vi lp hc v nhng tai hi ca vic ht thuc.
_Talk dng trong trng hp trao i thng thng, m thoi thng tc.
E.g: When he walked into the room, everybody stopped talking.
=> Khi m anh y bc vo phng th mi ngi u dng ni chuyn.
_Talk cng c dng khi hai hay nhiu ngi ang tn chuyn vi nhau.
E.g: They sat in the kitchen drinking and talking.
=> H ngi di nh bp ung ri v ni chuyn.
2. Nu nh ai c kh nng ni c mt ting ngoi ng no th ta dng speak
ch khng dng talk.
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E.g: How many languages can you speak ?
=> Bn c th ni c bao nhiu th ting ?
3. V cch dng phn thn, ch c talk l s dng c.
E.g: He seemed to be talking to himself.
=> Hnh nh anh ta ang ni chuyn vi chnh mnh.
4. Talk c cch dng ring vi cc cm t nh " talk sence " , " talk politics" , "
talk business " ,...
E.g: They used to sit down and talk politics all evening.
=> H thng ngi v ni chuyn chnh tr sut bui tra.
_Ta khng dng speak vi nhng t nh th.
_Ngc li, ta ni " speak words " ch khng ni " talk words" .
E.g: She spoke the words firmly and clearly.
=> B y ni nhng li cng quyt v r rng.
u l hai trng t, khi ng trc tnh t th c ngha ging nhau: c bit, nhng
khi khng ng trc tnh t th chng c ngha khc nhau.
SPECIALLY v ESPECIALLY:
1. Specially: dng ch mt vic g c thc hin v mt mc ch c bit
no .
E.g. The school is specially for children whose schooling has been disrupted by
illness.
=> Ngi trng ny c bit ch dy cho nhng a tr m vic hc b gin on v
bnh tt ca chng.
2. Especially: dng ch mt iu g m bn ni n c s c bit nhiu hn
th khc.
E.g.1. He was a kind of staff, especially those who were sick or in trouble.
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=> ng y l mt nhn vin tt, tt mt cch c bit i
vi nhng ngi m hay gp kh khn.
E.g.2. Double ovens are a good idea, especially, if you are cooking several meals at
once.
=> Nhng chic l nng i l mt tng hay khi nu n c bit khi bn nu
nhiu mn n.
SPECIE v SPECIES:
Hai danh t ny hon ton ring bit, khng lin quan g vi nhau. Nhiu ngi
lm tng species l hnh thc s nhiu ca specie.
1. Specie c ngha: tin xu, tin cc, tin bng kim loi. Specie l danh t khng
m c.
E.g: Such item should be paid in specie.
=> Mn hng nh th th nn tr bng tin xu.
2. Species c hnh thc s t v s nhiu nh nhau. Danh t ny c ngha: loi, loi,
hng th; dng ch nhng nhm ng hay thc vt thuc cng mt ging, ch
khc nhau mt s ci th yu, khng quan trng.
E.g: There are about thirty thousand species of spiders throughout the wold.
=> C khong 30,000 loi nhn trn ton th gii.
SPEECH v ADDRESS:
1. Speech: L mt danh t hm bi din vn, nhng khng ni n di ngn,
c d kin tc hay khng,... v ni n kh nng din t t tng.
E.g.1: She expresses herself better in speech than in wrting.
=> C y th hin bn thn bng li tt hn khi vit
E.g.2: He made a boring after dinner speech.
=> Anh ta c mt bi din vn chn ngt sau ba ti
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2. Address: L bi din vn chnh thc, trang trng, c k
hoch trc v thng c chun b cho mt ch quan
trng hay mt dp no nh l nhm chc, l tt nghip,... N khng dng vi
ngha l bi din vn ng khu, khng chun b trc.
E.g: The Prime Minister attempted to reassure the nation on financial situation in
his television address.
=> Th tng c lm yn lng c nc v tnh hnh ti chnh trong bi din vn
ca ng c trn truyn hnh.
SPEED v SPEED UP:
1. Speed c th l danh t hay ng t.
_L danh t , speed c ngha: vn tc, tc vn ng; s mau l, nhanh chng
ca cc c ng, nhy sng ca phim nh...
E.g: I increased my speed to 90mph.
=> Ti tng tc ca xe ln 90 dm mt gi.
_L ng t, speed c ngha: di chuyn nhanh, i nhanh; speed c hnh thc qu
kh v phn t qu kh l sped.
E.g: We sped along 7th Street towards the mountain.
=> Chng ti chy nhanh trn ng s 7 hng v pha ni.
2. Speed up c ngha: lm cho ci g tng tc, tc lm nhanh, tng tc. Hnh thc
qu kh v phn t qu kh ca speed trong speed up l speeded.
E.g: He speeded up and overtook them.
=> Anh y tng tc v qua mt h.
STAIR v STEP:
1. Stair l cu thang, tc mt lot cc bc dng i ln hay i xung t tng ny
sang tng khc trong mt to nh. Stair thng dng hnh thc s nhiu stairs
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hoc flight of stairs.
E.g: He always runs up and down the stairs.
=> Cu y lun lun chy ln chy xung cu thang.
2. Step l danh t ch bc, nc ca cc cu thang, cc bc tam cp. Flight of step
dng ch cc bc tam cp thng c thit k bn ngoi ngi nh v ngay
ca chnh, lm bng b tng hay .
E.g: There are 200 steps to the top of the lighthouse.
=> C n 200 bc ln n nh ngn hi ng.
STAMP OUT, ABOLISH v ERADICATE:
1. Abolish: Hy b, chm dt s tn ti ca mt phong tc, mt th ch, thng
bng mnh lnh.
E.g. They voted to abolish the death penalty for murder.
=> H b phiu hy b n t hnh cho ti st nhn.
2. Eradicate: L ng t hm ngha: trit tiu, tiu dit tn gc r.
E.g. One thing we could do is to work together to eradicate the virus.
=> Mt vic chng ta c th lm l hp lc tiu dit virus.
3. Stamp out: Hm ngha bo lc hn c: loi b, n p ci g bng v lc, hoc
hnh ng mnh lit nhm chm dt s vic c xem l c hi, khng ai thch.
E.g. They try and stamp out the opium traffic.
=> H c dp tt vic bun bn thuc phin
.
STATIONARY, STATIONERY v STATIONER:
1. Stationary v stationery l hai t ng m d ngha.
_Stationary c ngha: khng chuyn ng, ng mt ch.
E.g: She was less than ten metres away from his stationary Toyota.
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=> C y ch cch chic Toyota ang u ca anh ta
cha ti 10 mt.
_Tnh t stationary cn c ngha: khng thay i, ng mt ch.
E.g: The market price has remained stationary for a week.
=> Gi th trng vn khng thay i trong mt tun.
_Cn stationery c ngha: dng c vn phng.
E.g: We regret that we are unable to accept telephone orders for personal
stationery.
=> Chng ti rt tic khng th chp nhn nhng n hng qua in thoi i vi
dng c vn phng c nhn.
2. Stationer c ngha: ngi bn hng vn phng phm, ngi qun l ca hng
bn dng c vn phng.
E.g: There's a stationer shop in the corner of the street.
=> C mt ca hiu ca ngi bn vn phng phm gc ph.
STATISTICS v STATISTICAL:
1. Statistics c ngha: thng k, tc nhng s liu thu thp c t nhng phn tch
thng tin v mt hin tng, s vic no , l nhng thng tin c tp hp t
nhng con s. Dng vi ngha ny, statistics l danh t s nhiu nn ta phi s
dng ng t cng hnh thc s nhiu.
E.g: The statistics of oppression are startling.
=> Thng k v s cng thng tinh thn ang lm mi ngi sng st.
_Statistics cng c ngha: khoa hc thng k, tc mt nghnh khoa hc chuyn thu
thp, phn loi, phn tch v l gii nhng thng tin nh th. Dng vi ngha ny,
statistics l danh t khng m c v ta phi s dng ng t hnh thc s t.
E.g: Statistics has been taught here since 2000.
=> Mn thng k c ging dy y t nm 2000.
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2. Ta khng dng statistics lm tnh t vi ngha: nhng
g lin quan, thuc v hay c trnh by bng thng k.
Tnh t dng ng trong chc nng thuc ng l statistical.
E.g: His report contains a great deal of statistical information.
=> Bo co ca anh y cha ng nhiu thng tin thng k.
STATUE v STATUTE:
Hai t ny d b dng ln ln do cch vit kh ging nhau mc d ng ngha khc
bit.
1. Statue c ngha: bc tng, tc l hnh ngi hay vt c lm bng , g hoc
bng kim loi nh ng, hp kim...
E.g: In the center is a statue of the Goddess.
=> Ngay chnh gia l mt bc tng n thn.
2. Statute c ngha: o lut, quy ch.
E.g: Under the statute, the Presidents sends the list of his recommended appointees
to the Congress in December.
E.g :Theo o lut, Tng thng gi danh sch nhng ngi c ngh b nhim
n Quc hi vo thng 12.
STAY v REMAIN:
C hai ng t u c ngha: vn cn, tc m ch vn tip tc trong trng thi c.
Remain l t trang trng hn stay.
E.g.1: David remained silent.
=> David vn im lng
E.g.2: She stayed awake.
=> C y vn cn thc
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_im khc bit ch, nu mt vt g, iu g vn tn
ti, ta ch c th din t bng remain.
E.g :After the fire, very little remained of my house.
=> Sau trn ho hon, nh ti hu nh tn ri
_Nhng nu chng ta lu li mt ni chn no trong mt thi gian ngn, th ta
co th din t bng ng t stay.
E.g: How long can you stay in Paris.
=> Bn c th lu li Paris trong bao lu
STEAK v STAKE:
1. Steak: lt c hay lt tht dy nng.
E.g. How would you like your steak done?
=> Qy ngi mun lm mn tht nng ca mnh nh th no ?
2. Stake: c nhiu ngha c s dng.
+ Ci cc bng g hoc bng kim loi cm vo t.
E.g. Tall plants can be secured by tying them to stakes.
=> Nhng cy cao c bo v bng cch nh du chng vi mc cc.
+ S thiu sng.
E.g. Joan was burnt at the stake.
=> ng Joan b thiu sng.
+ C phn gp lm n chung.
E.g. He has 20% stake in the company.
=> ng ta c 20% c phn trong cng ty ny.
+ Mt phn quan trng hoc c phn trong mt cng ty hay mt d n m bn
mun thc hin thnh cng.
E.g. Many young people no longer feel they have a stake in society.
=> Nhiu ngi tr khng cn cm thy rng h l mt b phn quan trng ca x
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hi.
+ Tin nh cc, tin c cc.
E.g. With only two points separating the top five players, the stakes are high as
they enter the final round.
=> Ch vi hai im ang phn chia tp nm vn ng vin dn u, tin nh
cc rt cao v nm tuyn th vo vng cui cng.
STEAL, ROB v BURGLE:
L ba t u ni v hnh ng trm cp.
1. Rob l ng t thng dng trong bo ch v trong cc truyn ngn, tiu thuyt
vi ngha: cp ot, ly trm ca ngi no, ni no mt cch bt hp php.
E.g: He was accused of robbing a bank.
=> Anh ta b co buc ti cp ngn hng.
2. Steal c ngha: n trm, n cp. Ta dng steal khi i tng l vt b ly cp.
Steal l ng t bt quy tc (steal-stole-stolen).
E.g: A pickpocket stole her watch.
=> Mt k mc ti nh cp chic ng h ca c y.
3. Burgle cng c ngha n trm, ly trm nhng l hnh ng nhp nha, tc t
nhp vo nh, vo c s ca ngi ta m ly trm khi ch nh i vng.)
E.g: They were burgled while they were on holiday.
=> H b mt trm trong nh khi h i ngh.
STEAM, BOIL v POACH:
luc, un si, hp...ta dng t boil, steam v poach.
_Khi ta boil mt vt g, tc l ta un si, luc vt trong nc si.
E.g: Please boil two eggs for me.
=> Lm n luc cho ti hai qu trng
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_Khi nu ci g m ta la riu riu, cho nc si ln
tn m t nc, tc l ta poach nh khi ta kho c hay tht.
_Steam l hp, chng nh khi chng c, hp rau...
E.g: Steam the fish and vegetables over the rice for 10 minutes.
=> Hy hp c v rau trong ni cm 10 pht
STILL v ANY MORE:
_Still c ngha "vn cn" cn any more c ngha " (khng) cn ". C hai trng t
ny u mang ngha " tip tc cho n thi im ni " .
_Still dng trong cu xc nh v nghi vn, any more dng trong cu ph nh.
Still thng t gia cu trong khi any more nm cui cu.
E.g: Helen still lives on 12 nd Street.
=> Helen vn cn sng ph 12.
E.g: She doesn't work for him any more.
=> C y khng cn lm vic vi anh ta na.
_Still nhn mnh n ngha tip tc.
E.g: Mr. Brown is still in bed.
=> ng Brown vn cn nm trn ging.
_Nu trong cu ph nh, still cng nhn mnh ngha tip tc th n c th thay
th cho yet nhng ngha c khc i.
E.g: John still doesn't understand.
=> John vn khng hiu.
STING v BITE:
u l ng t ch hnh ng t, cn, chch...ca cc loi ng vt.
1. Sting c ngha: chch, t, chm; tc ng tc lm b au nhi, b thng bng
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vi, ngi, lng. Sting l ng t bt quy tc (sting-stungstung).
E.g: A bee stung her on the forehead.
=> Mt con ong t vo trn c y.
2. Ta khng dng ng t sting din t hnh ng tn cng ca cc loi nh rn,
kin.... m phi dng bite c ngha: cn, t, chch.... Bite l ng t bt quy tc
(bite-bit-bitten).
E.g: That snake bit him in the leg.
=> Con rn cn vo chn anh y.
_Cc loi cn trng nh mui, rui hay cn trng c cnh ta cng dng vi bite.
E.g: They were badly bitten by the flies while camping.
=> H b rui mui t nh t khi i cm tri.
STIPEND, PAY v INCOME:
1. Stipend l tin lng tr theo nh k nhng l tin tr trong mt thi gian gii
hn vi thng, vi nm cho nhng dch v c bit no hoc l tin h tr cho
nhng dch v no hay cho nhng cng trnh nghin cu.
_Stipend cng dng ni nhng khon tin tr cp cho sinh vin hc sinh ang i
hc h tr tin hc ph, n , sinh hot.
E.g: He received a stipend to cover living expenses.
=> Anh y nhn mt khon tin chi cho sinh hot.
2. Pay v income l hai t tng qut. Pay thng dng vi ngha: tin cng lao ng,
tin lng.
E.g: Her pay went up every year.
=> Tin lng ca c ta gia tng hng nm.
_Income l thu nhp, tc khon tin nhn c t tin li do u t hoc kinh
doanh m c, hoc tin cng lm sau mt thi gian no .
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E.g: If your income is low, you might qualify for legal
aid.
=> Nu thu nhp thp, anh c th iu kin nhn tr cp php l.
STOREY v FLOOR:
Hai danh t ny u m ch n tng nh.
1. Khi mun cp n mt to nh c bao nhiu tng, ta dng storey.
E.g.1: The new post office is three storeys high.
=> Bu in mi cao 3 tng.
E.g.2: They work in the ten-storey building.
=> H lm vic trong mt cao c 10 tng.
2. Khi ta cp n mt tng no ca mt to nh, th ta dng floor.
E.g: Her office is on the fifth floor.
=> Vn phng c y tng th 5.
STRANGE v UNUSUAL:
1. Strange c ngha: l, xa l; tc l nhng g m t trc ti gi ta cha bit n,
khng nghe, khng thy.
E.g: He had the impression that he was no longer in Denver but in some quite
unfamiliar, strange city.
=> Anh ta c cm tng l mnh khng cn Denver na m l mt ni no
hon ton khng quen thuc, mt thnh ph xa l.
2. Cn unusual c ngha: khng thng xuyn, khc thng.
E.g: It's unusual for her to stop dancing.
=> Tht l khc l khi c y ngng khng nhy na.
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STRANGER, ALIEN v FOREIGNER:
L t ch ngi xa l hoc ngoi quc.
1.
Stranger c ngha: ngi l, cha tng quen bit.

E.g: I'd met Dorothy before, but her boyfriend was a total stranger to me.
=> Ti gp Dorothy trc , nhng bn trai ca c ta th ti cha quen.
2. Ta khng dng stranger khi ni v nhng ngi hon ton xa l vi ta nhng
n t mt quc gia khc, m ta dng foreigner vi ngha: ngi nc ngoi,
ngi ngoi quc. l nhng ngi khc bit v ngn ng v tp qun...
E.g: He is the first foreigner to win this race.
=> Anh ta l ngi ngoi quc u tin ginh chin thng trong cuc ua ny.
3. Danh t alien c ngha: ngoi kiu, thng nhn mnh n ngh chnh tr cng
nh quc tch vi mt ngi nc ngoi ang sinh sng v lm vic ti mt quc
gia khc.
STREET, ROAD v WAY:
1. Street c ngha: ph, ng ph, dng ch nhng con ng trong thnh ph
hoc cc khu dn c trong nhng lng mc.
_Street thng c nh ca, ph x hai bn v l t chung nht khi ni n cc
con ng hai bn cc thnh ph. Ta khng dng street m t nhng con
ng ng qu.
E.g: The streets of my hometown are very large.
=> Cc ng ph th trn qu nh ca ti rt rng.
2. Road l con ng dn t mt thnh ph n mt thnh ph.
E.g: There's only one road from this village to Windsor.
=> Ch c mt con ng ny i Windsor.
_Road cng c dng ch nhng con ng thnh ph.
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E.g: Cars can park on both sides of this road.
=> Xe hi c th u hai bn con ng ny.
3. Way l ng i ni chung ch khng m ch mt con ng c th no.
E.g: Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the police station?
=> Xin li, bn c th ch cho ti ng n n cnh st c khng?
STRENGTH, POWER v FORCE:
L nhng t ni v sc mnh, quyn lc, kh nng lm iu g.
1. Power c ngha: kh nng, quyn lc, tc kh nng lm vic hay tin hnh
mt hnh ng g. Mt ngi c power th h c th kim sot nhng ngi khc
cng hnh vi ca nhng ngi .
E.g.1: One has the power to do something.
=> Ngi ta c kh nng lm mt ci g
E.g.2: It gave the Prime Minister too much power.
=> iu to cho Th Tng qu nhiu quyn hnh
2. Force c ngha: sc mnh, sc lc, v lc.
E.g: The police took the prisoners away by force.
=> Cnh st dng v lc bt cc t nhn i
3. Khi ni n sc mnh ca th cht ta dng strength, c ngha: sc kho, sc
mnh th cht, kh nng c hu ca mt ngi.
E.g: I haven't the strength to carry this table.
=> Ti khng c sc vc ci bn ny
SUBCONSCIOUS v UNCONSCIOUS:
1. Subconscious c th l danh t hay tnh t vi ngha: tim thc, tc nhng g
thuc v mt phn tm tr, nm trong tm tr ca ta v ta khng nhn bit nhng li
tc ng n thi , hnh ng ca ta.
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E.g.1: It was a joke that padded through his
subconscious.
=> l mt chuyn a len vo tim thc ca anh y.
E.g.2: The subconscious mind forgets nothing.
=> Tim thc khng qun th g.
2. Cn unconscious c ngha: bt tnh, khng bit, khng c thc.
E.g: He was unconscious but still alive when the firemen arrived.
=> Anh ta bt tnh nhng vn cn sng khi nhng nhn vin cu ho n.
SUBMISSIVE, OBEDIENT, COMPLICANT v DOCILE:
u l nhng tnh t m t s vng li, d bo, ngoan nhng mc khc nhau.
1. Obedient c ngha: tun th, phc tng nh vic tun theo mnh lnh ch huy
trong qun ng, vic vng li ca cc tr con...
E.g: She was an obedient little girl.
=> C b y l mt c b ngoan ngon
_Obedient cng dng khi m t ng vt.
E.g: He cannot begin the jumbing show until his horse is obedient and supple.
=> Anh y khng th bt u s biu din nhy cho n khi con nga ca anh ta
chu phc tng v nghe li sai bo
2. Thp hn obedient mt bc, cc tnh t submissive, compliant v docile u c
ngha: d bo, d sai khin, d phc tng.
E.g.1: The soldiers were grateful and docile; they did not pester her.
=> Cc qun nhn t v bit v d bo, h khng quy ry c y
E.g.2: He appears not altogether submissive.
=> Anh ta c v khng hon ton phc tng
E.g.3: They were fed up with being eternally compliant.
=> H chn ngy vic phi phc tng mi mi
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SUBSERVIENT, SERVILE, TAME v OBJECT:
1. Tame khi dng vi ngi cng c ngha: d bo, sn sng tng
phc. Nhng thng c dng m t ng vt hn. Khi y tame c ngha:
thun ha, ch ng.
E.g: That lion acts as tame as a house cat.
=> Con s t hnh ng thun ha nh con mo nh
_Subservient c ngha: khm nm, qu ly.
E.g: His gesture of respect seemed old-fashioned and subservient.
=> iu b cung knh ca anh ta trng c v c l v khm nm
_Servile c ngha: hu h, m qung, n l.
E.g: I don't like his servile behaviour.
=> Ti khng thch thi qu ly ca anh ta
2. Object l danh t v ng t.
_Khi l danh t th c ngha: vt th, mc tiu, i tng. Khi l ng t th c
ngha: chng li, phn i.
_Khi dng vi gii t th object thng i vi " to ".
E.g: They did not object to cooking in the midnight.
=> H khng chng i vic nu n lc na m
SUCH v VERY:
_Cng nhn mnh vi ngha: rt, cc k.
1. Very thng c dng khi ta mun a ra mt thng tin, trong khi such c
dng ging nh like this, like that, tc ch yu l m ch n nhng thng tin
bit, cp ri hoc nhng g l hin nhin.
E.g.1: I've has a very bad journey.
=> Ti c mt cuc du hnh tht t hi.
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E.g.2: Why did you have such a bad journey ?
=> Ti sao bn li c mt cuc du hnh t hi nh th?
2. Trong cch dng khng trang trng, such cng c dng nh hnh thc tn
thn v cung cp thng tin mi nh very, khi ch ng mun nhn mnh nhng g
mnh ni.
E.g: He's such an idiot!
=> Cu y qu l mt thng ngc !
3. Cc cu trc vi very khng th theo ngay sau bng mnh " that " nn ta c
th dng " such...that "
E.g: It was such a hot afternoon that they stopped playing.
=> Mt bui chiu nng n ni h phi ngng chi.
SUFFER, PUT UP WITH, STAND, BEAR v ENDURE:
L nhng t v cm t c ngha: chu ng, au n.
1. Suffer hm ngha: chu ng au n, thit hi, au kh.
E.g: The suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
=> H chu mt mt ln trong cuc khng hong ti chnh.
2. Ta dng put up with khi ni v mt ngi no phi chu s bc mnh hay
nhng iu phin toi do ngi khc gy ra.
E.g: I don't know how you put up with him.
=> Ti khng hiu ti sao cu chu ng ni anh ta.
3. Stand v bear i km vi " can't " theo ngha: khng chu ni. Bear dng tng
qut, cn stand c a trong vn thng m.
E.g: I can't bear dogs in the house.
=> Ti khng th chu c vic c ch trong nh.
E.g :She can't stand cold weather.
=> C y khng th chu c thi tit lnh.
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4. ng t endure c ngha: chu ng hay tri qua
nhng hm ngha kin nhn chu ng.
E.g: He endured six months as the prisonner of rebel soldiers.
=> Anh y phi chu ng 6 thng lm t nhn ca nhng qun nhn ni lon.
SUIT v FIT:
1. Fit: m ch kch thc, s o, hnh dng.
E.g. These gloves don't fit me. Have you got a larger size?
=> Nhng chic gng tay ny khng va vi ti. C c no ln hn khng?.
2. Suit: cp ti phong cch, kiu, mt hay mu sc.
E.g.1. Do you think this latest style in shoes suits me?
=> Bn c ngh rng kiu giy mi nht ny c ph hp vi ti khng?
E.g.2. Violet and red are colours that suit her very well.
=> Mu tm v mu l nhng mu sc hp vi c y.
+ Suit cn dng vi ngha l thun tin cho ai.
E.g. Would Friday suit you for a meeting?
=> Mt cuc hp vo ngy th su c tin cho anh khng?
SUIT v SUITE:
1. Suit c th l danh t hay ng t.
_L danh t, suit thng dng vi ngha: b qun o, com-l, trang phc.
E.g: He arrived at the wedding in a suit and tie.
=> Anh ta n d l ci trong b com-l cng c vt.
_Suit cn c ngha: s t tng, kin tng, li yu cu...
_L ng t, suit c ngha: tin cho, hp vi.
E.g: This climate doesn't suit me.
=> Kh hu ny khng ph hp vi ti.
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2. Suite l danh t c ngha: phng ln trong c nhiu
phng nh, hoc dy phng gm nhiu phng kt ni vi
nhau. Suite cng m ch cc phng trong mt to nh ln, chia ra ngi ta mn
lm vn phng.
_Suite cn c ngha: mt b, gm nhiu ci hp thnh, nht l khi ni v g
thit k cho mt phng.
E.g: I need a three-piece suite for the sitting room.
=> Ti cn mt b g ba th cho phng khch.
_V m nhc, suite c ngha: t khc. Suite cng dng ch on tu tng.
SUPPLEMENT v APPENDIX:
C hai danh t ny u ch phn ph thm vo cui cc cun sch.
1. Appendix cung cp thm nhng thng tin hu ch, thng l nhng thng k, s
liu, biu gii thch...nhng cho d khng c appendix th cun sch cng
hon tt. Appendix c hnh thc s nhiu l appendices hoc appendixes.
E.g: This dictionary has several appendices.
=> Cun t in ny c nhiu ph lc
2. Supplement l phn ph thm, phn b sung nhm cung cp thm so snh,
i chiu hoc hiu nh hay b sung thm nhng thng tin, tnh tit cp nht m
cc nh sn xut thng cho in thm vo cun sch.
E.g: A yearly supplement is issued.
=> Mt phn b sung/ph trng hnh nm c pht hnh
SUPPOSE v ASSUME:
1. Suppose c ngha: cho rng, ngh rng, hm chp nhn c th c.
E.g: I suppose he'll be there today.
=> Ti ngh rng anh y s c mt ngy hm nay.
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_Suppose cng c ngha: gi nh.
E.g: Suppose that the news is true, what when ?
=> Gi d rng tin y l ng i, ri th sao ?
2. Assume c ngha: suy on, tha nhn, cho rng, tc kh tin tng l s vic s
din ra nh th v thng l hnh ng da vo s tin tng .
E.g: When you have an English degree, people assume that you speak English
fluently.
=> Khi anh c c mnh bng ting Anh th ngi ta suy on l anh ni ting
Anh thng tho.
SURGERY v OFFICE:
1. Surgery l s tr liu y hc bng cch phu thut hoc ct b cc b phn c th.
Surgery c ngha: khoa phu thut, s m x, phng m.
E.g: Former President Bill Clinton underwent open-heart surgery.
=> Cu Tng thng Bill Clinton tri qua mt cuc phu thut tim m.
_Dng vi ngha ny surgery l danh t khng m c.
2. Ngi ta cng dng surgery ch cc phng khm bnh ca bc s. Dng vi
ngha ny, surgery l danh t m c.
E.g: Her surgery was rebuilt two years ago.
=> Phng mch ca b y c xy dng li cch y hai nm.
_Vi ngi M h dng office ch phng mch ca bc s.
E.g: Dr. Dorothy's office is opposite the supermarket.
=> Phng mch ca bc s Dorothy i din vi siu th.
SUSPICIOUS, DOUBTFUL v DUBIOUS:
1. Doubtful:
+ Nghi ng, khng chc v ci sp xy ra hay s thnh cng ca iu g .
E.g.1. Do you feel insecure and doubtful about your family?
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=> C phi ngi cm thy khng an ton v nghi ng v
gia nh mnh phi khng?
E.g.2. It was doubtful he would ever seen again.
=> Khng chc l anh ta c gp li c ta na hay khng.
+ Khng ging nh, khng c kh nng ng bn cht ca vt hay iu g .
E.g1. It's doubtful if this painting is a Picasso.
=> Tht nghi ng rng bc tranh ny c phi ca Picasso.
+ Khng chnh cng, khng ng ga tr thc.
E.g. This wine is of doubtful quality.
=> Loi ru ny khng phi l loi chnh cng v cht lng.
2. Dubious: bn khng chc chn v iu g tt hay xu, hay khi din t mt
iu g , bn ngh n hon ton khng chn thc, khng an ton, hay khng t
tin cy.
E.g.1. Alison sounded very dubious.
=> Alison c v hnh ng mp m.
E.g.2. The men in charge were a bit dubious about taking women on.
=> Nhng ngi n ng ny c mt cht ng ng v trch nhim tip qun
nhng ngi ph n ny.
E.g.3. his dubious abilities as a teacher.
=> kh nng lm gio vin ca anh y tht khng tin tng c.
3. Suspicious: cng c nt ngha ging vi Dubious l nghi ng, khng tin tng
vo mt biu hin no , hoc hnh ng ca ai , tuy nhin hnh vi, nh ca
ai c mc tiu cc cao hn Dubious, c tnh bt hp php, mp m, ng
ng, thm ch c tnh cht nguy him.
E.g. I am suspicious of his intentions.
=> Ti nghi ng v nhng nh ca ng ta.
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TABOO v INHIBIT:
1. Taboo c th ng vai tr lm tnh t, danh t hoc ng t vi ngha: s cm
k, ngn cm, s king k v iu g...v l do tn ngng, phong tc hay mt l do
no trong mt s nn vn ho, cng ng,...
E.g: Sex is no longer the taboo subject it used to be.
=> Tnh dc khng cn l ti cm k nh thi trc na.
2. Inhibit ngoi ngha ngn chn, hn ch, ngn cm cn hm c ch. Trong ho
hc, inhibit c ngha cn tr hay lm gim, lm ngng mt phn ng ho hc.
E.g: This is an enzyme which inhibits chemical reaction.
=> y l enzyme c ch phn ng ho hc.
TAKE v LAST:
1. Take hm ngha: mt mt thi gian bao lu. Take c dng vi t ng ni v
thi gian.
E.g.1: How long will it take ?
=> S mt bao lu cho cng vic ?
E.g.2: The journey from Los Angeles to San Francisco takes about three hours.
=> Chuyn i t Los Angeles n San Francisco mt khong ba gi.
2. Last c ngha: ko di, tn ti. Last dng din t mt s kin ko di trong mt
thi gian v vic dng t ng v thi gian vi last c hay khng cng c.
E.g.1: The festival lasted two weeks.
=> L hi ko di 2 tun.
E.g.2: How long do you think this bad weather will last ?
=> Bn ngh rng thi tit t hi nh th ny s ko di bao nhiu lu na ?
TAKEN ABACK v TAKEN BACK:
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Cn ch n cch s dng hai cm t ny v rt d lm
ln do cch vit tng t nhau.
1. Taken aback l sng st, git mnh, ngc nhin.
E.g: She was taken aback by his rudeness.
=> C y kinh ngc v s khim nh ca anh.
2. Cn taken back l a ra ngh quay v qu kh.
E.g: I was taken back to the old days when hearing those songs.
=> Ti c a v vi nhng ngy xa xa khi nghe nhng bi ca .
TALENT, ABILITY v FACULTY:
L nhng t ni v ti nng, nng lc.
1. Ability v talent l t dng ph bin. Ability l ch kh nng do tri ph hoc do
th c c.
E.g: She's woman of great ability.
=> C y l ngi ph n c nhiu kh nng.
2. Talent l ti nng bm sinh, l nng khiu c bit v thng m ch v mt lnh
vc no .
E.g: Michael is a special talent and will become an excellent tennis player.
=> Michael l ti nng c bit v s tr thnh mt u th qun vt xut sc.
3. Faculty m ch nhng g bm sinh hay th c c v mt kh nng c bit
no nh thnh lc k l, th lc rt tt...
E.g: He has a great faculty for learning languages.
=> C y c kh nng k l hc ngn ng.
TASTE, FLAVOUR v SAVOUR:
L nhng t cp n cht lng cm nhn c do v gic ca chng ta.
1. Taste l t ph bin vi ngha: mi v, v gic, s nm. ng t taste c ngha:
nm, c v.
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E.g: She doesn't like the taste of this ice-cream.
=> C y khng thch mi v ca kem ny.
2. Flavour c ngha: hng v, mi thm, v ngon. ng t flavour hm ngha: cho
gia v, thm gia v. Flavour dng ch mi v c trng ca mt vi thnh phn
a vo thc phm.
E.g: A coffee grinder will provide fresh coffee flavour every morning.
=> Mt ci ci rang c ph s cho mi c ph ti tn mi sng.
3. Savour ni v mi v, hng v. ng t savour hm thng thc khi nm
nm.
E.g: Their political views have a savour of fanaticism.
=> Quan im chnh tr ca h m mu cung tn.
TEACH, EDUCATE, COACH v TRAIN:
L nhng t lin quan n hun luyn, gio dc, dy d, hng dn.
1. Teach l ng t bt quy tc (teach-taught-taught) thng dng vi ngha: ging
dy, dy.
E.g: I taught English for many years.
=> Ti dy ting Anh nhiu nm.
_Khi din t vic dy mt k nng, ta dng cu trc " teach someone to do
something " .
E.g: He taught her to drive.
=> Anh y dy c ta li xe.
2. Educate c ngha: gio dc, rn luyn. Educate thng ng n vic o to
ton din thng qua h thng gio dc ca trng hc.
E.g: They were educated at a local secondary school.
=> H c gio dc ti mt trng trung hc a phng.
3. Coach thng dng trong hun luyn th thao vi ngha: rn luyn, hun luyn.
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E.g: He coached her until she was a chess champion.
=> ng y hun luyn cho n khi c ta tr thnh qun
qun mn c.
4. Train c dng cho c ngi v ng vt vi ngha: rn luyn, hun luyn
nhm t ti k nng mong mun.
E.g: He's training the dog for the next race.
=> Anh ta ang hun luyn con ch cho cuc ua sp ti.
TEAR, REND v RIP:
L nhng t c ngha: x, x rch.
1. Tear l ng t bt quy tc (tear-tore-torn) thng dng vi ngha: tch ra, x,
bng cch dng tay ko t ra.
E.g: She tore up his letter in anger.
=> C ta x bc th ca anh y trong cn gin d.
2. Rend hm ngha bo lc, c dng n sc mnh x nt, x thnh tng mnh. Ta
cng dng rend khi m t sc mnh ca thin nhin. Rend l ng t bt quy tc
(rend-rent-rent).
E.g: The storm rent the ship to pieces.
=> Cn bo x nt con tu ra thnh tng mnh.
3. Rip ng x toc ra.
E.g: He rips the sleeves out of a coat.
=> Anh ta x toc cnh tay ca chic o khoc.
TECHNIQUE v TECHNOLOGY:
1. Technique c ngha: k xo, k thut, phng php k thut, tc phng php
hay phng cch lm ci g. Technique l k nng, k xo m ta c c thng
qua vic nghin cu hoc o to.
E.g: She went to France to improve her technique of film-making.
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=> C y i Php trau di k thut lm phim ca
mnh.
_Technique cng dng ni v phng cch m nhng ngh s hoc vn ng
vin trnh din.
E.g: He was not the first novelist to use this technique.
=> Anh y khng phi l tiu thuyt gia u tin s dng k xo ny.
_Trong n ni, ngi ta thng dng technique m ch n kh nng quyn r
ngi khc phi.
E.g: He has the greatest technique with women.
=> Anh ta c sc quyn r rt ln i vi n b.
2. Technology c ngha: k thut hc, cng ngh hc, dng ch nghnh khoa
hc nghin cu v s dng cc k thut c kh cng nh khoa hc ng dng.
E.g: Computer technology can be expected to change in the near future.
=> K thut my tnh c l phi thay i trong tng lai gn.
TEAcHER v PROFESSOR:
1. Professor l cp hm gio s cao nht, l danh hiu cao nht ph trch b mn
trong cc trng hc Anh.
E.g: He was professor of Spanish literature at Oxford University.
=> ng y l gio s b mn vn chng Ty Ban Nha ti i hc Oxford
_Ti cc university v college ca M, professor dng ch nhng ging vin
thm nin, ch khng nht thit phi l ngi ng u b mn.
E.g: She was made professor at the age of 45.
=> B y c phong hm gio s lc 45 tui
_Professor cng c dng ch nhng ging vin, hun luyn vin mt s mn
ngh thut hoc th thao.
2. Teacher l: gio vin, ging vin, thy c gio, l danh t dng ch nhng
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ngi ng lp, ph trch ging dy ti cc trng hc.
E.g: She is my French teacher.
=> B y l gio vin ting Php ca ti
TEMPORARY, TRANSIENT v TRANSITORY:
C ba u dng m t nhng g ch c tnh cht tm b, tm thi, nht thi.
1. Temporary m ch nhng sp t, tnh cht c tnh nht thi, tm b vi ch
ch s khng tip tc v s sm c thay th.
E.g: He has taken over as temporary head coach.
=> ng y tip nhn chc hun luyn vin trng tm thi.
2. Transient m t nhng g din tin, tri qua ch mt thi gian ngn vi ngha:
thong qua, nht thi, ngn ngi.
Cn transitory m t tnh cht t nhin m mt s vic din ra, tri qua mt thi
gian ngn.
E.g: Life is transitory.
=> Cuc sng l ngn ngi.
TEMPT v SEDUCE:
_C hai t u c ngha: quyn r, li ko.
_Tempt ng xi dc, li ko lm vic g vi ngha xu, phm php, sai tri.
E.g: They wanted to tempt an official with a bribe.
=> H mun cm d mt vin chc bng tin hi l.
_Cn seduce hm ngha: d d, quyn r, thng l hnh ng ca nhng ngi
ln tui, c kinh nghim i vi ngi tr tui hn.
E.g: He spent two years trying to seduce her.
=> Anh ta mt hai nm c d d c nng.
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TENANT v TENET:
L hai t c chung t gc La tinh: to hold.
_Tenet c ngha: gio l, hc thuyt ca mt tn gio, m ch nhng g m tn
mt tn gio tin tng.
E.g: Avoiding pork is a tenet of the Muslim faith.
=> King c tht heo l gio iu ca c tin hi gio.
_Cn tenant l ngi thu mn nh, thu t.
E.g: Because she had been a tenant for more than three years, he got a whopping
discount.
=> V l ngi thu nh hn ba nm nn anh y c hng gim gi nhiu.
TENDENCY, TREND v DIRECTION:
L nhng t ni v khuynh hng, s thch hoc ng li, phng cch ca hnh
ng hay phong tro.
1. Tendency c ngha: xu hng, phng hng, tc phng cch m ngi hay
vt hng ti v thng l do kt qu ca thi quen hay nhng phm cch c hu.
E.g: He has a tendency to make decisions quickly.
=> Anh y c khuynh hng a ra quyt nh mt cch mau chng.
_Tendency cn hm n xu hng chuyn ng hoc thay i ca ci g, vic g.
E.g: Fuel continues to show a downward tendency.
=> Nhin liu tip tc cho thy xu hng xung gi.
_Vi ngha ny, tendency v trend c th thay th cho nhau.
E.g: Business indicators showed an upward trend.
=> Cc ch s kinh doanh cho thy xu hng kinh t tng ln.
2. Direction l phng hng, hng pht trin hay chiu hng chuyn ng ca
ngi hay vt v thng hng v mc tiu nh sn.
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E.g: The change is in the direction of improvement.
=> S thay i l nm trong phng hng ci tin.
_Direction khi dng hnh thc s nhiu th c ngha: nhng hng dn.
E.g: She gave me simple directions for baking a cake.
=> C y ch cho ti nhng hng dn n gin nng bnh.
TERROR, HORROR, PANIC v FRIGHT
u l nhng t m ch s s hi cc khi i din vi nguy him hay ti phm.
1. Terror c ngha: s kinh khng, khip s, m t ni kinh s ko di v c th c
ng n vic hnh dung ra nguy c sp din ra.
E.g: She moaned and raised her hands in terror.
=> C y rn r v a hai tay ln trong s khip s.
2. Horror l s hong s, khip s cao ; din t thi trc him nguy m
thng l nguy c c th xy ra cho ngi khc hn l cho mnh.
E.g: Motorists watched in horror as little Tom bounced down the road at 90 mph.
=> Nhng tay li xe t nhn trong khip hi khi cu Tom lao xe xung ng vi
vn tc 90 dm/ gi.
3. Panic v fright m ch s kinh hong t ngt.
Fright thng ch din ra ngn hn, trong khi panic l s ht hong, hong lon m
khng kim sot c. Panic thng l v cn c v ko di hn fright.
E.g.1: The mob was in a panic.
=> m ng lm vo tnh trng hong lon.
E.g.2: The dog yelped in fright and scampered into the adjacent shadows.
=> Ch ch ku ln ng ng trong hong s ri chy vt vo bng rm bn cnh.
TERRIBLE TERRIBLY v TERRIFIC:
1. Terrible c ngha: khng khip, gh gm, thm t.
_Trong m thoi hng ngy ta dng terrible khi din t mt vic g l khng chu
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ni, cht lng qu ti.
E.g: I told David I had a terrible headache.
=> Ti ni vi David l ti nhc u qu chng.
_Trong vn vit v m thoi, ta dng terrible t mt vic g l khng khip,
kinh hong.
E.g: That was a terrible car accident last weekend.
=> l mt tai nn xe hi khng khip vo cui tun qua.
2. Terribly c ngha: qu chng, d s, gh gm..v thng dng nhn mnh s
chu ng cn au, nghch cnh.
E.g: My friend suffered terribly when his mother was died.
=> Bn ti cc k au bun khi m anh y mt.
_Terribly cng thng dng hn vi ngha: rt, thc s, ht sc.
E.g: She dances terribly well.
=> C y nhy tht tuyt vi.
3. Terrific c ngha: to ln, cc k, tuyt vi hay xut sc.
E.g: My son is a terrific kid at school.
=> Con trai ti l mt hc sinh xut sc trong trng.
TEST v PROVE:
1. Prove c ngha: chng t, chng minh, t ra. Nu ta prove rng mt vic g
ng, l tht th ta cung cp chng c xc minh cho vic .
E.g: The autopsy proved that he was drowned.
=> Vic gio nghim t thi cho thy anh ta b cht ui
_Prove l ng t bt quy tc, nhng ngi M li s dng hnh thc phn t qu
kh bt quy tc: prove-proved-proven.
2. Khi ta tin hnh mt phng php thc hnh th xem mt ngi hay mt vt
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tt xu n u, hay d nh th no, th ta khng ni l
mnh prove ngi hay vt m ta dng ng t test vi
ngha: th nghim, xt nghim, kim tra.
E.g: A number of new techniques were tested.
=> Mt s cc k thut mi c th nghim
TEXT v ARTICLE
1. Text c ngha: bn vn, tc l phn vit chnh t ca mt cun sch, mt tp ch,
mt trang giy hay in phn bit vi nhng phn khc.
E.g.1: This is the text of the letter from the oppositon leader.
=> y l vn bn bc th ca lnh o i lp.
E.g.2: The index refers the reader to pages in the text.
=> Phn ch mc gip ngi c tm cc trang trong ni dung sch, ti liu.
2. Ta khng gi nhng bi vit trn bo hay tp ch l text m gi l article vi
ngha: bi bo.
E.g: An interesting article about crimes in the Washington Post.
=> C mt bi bo hay vit v ti phm trn t Washington Post.
THANK v PLEASE:
1. Please thng dng trong vai tr lm thn t nhng cng c dng trong vai tr
lm ng t.
_Khi l ng t th please c ngha: lm vui lng, lm cho ai va .
E.g: Our aim is to please customers.
=> Mc tiu ca chng ti l lm tho mn khch hng
_Khi c b ng trc tip th please thng c theo sau bng mt nguyn mu c
" to " .
E.g: I'm always pleased to meet a new member of the club.
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=> Ti lun vui lng gp g thnh vin mi ca cu lc
b
_Theo sau cu trc th ng ca please cn c nhng mnh v nhng cm t
bt u t: with, by or about.
E.g: People in Britain are pleased that Prime Minister Tony Blair is meeting
President George Bush.
=> Dn chng Anh hi lng l th tng Tony Blair s gp tng thng George
Bush
_Trong chc nng l t cm thn, please c dng nh mt hnh thc lch s khi
xin php, yu cu hoc ra lnh.
E.g: Would you go now, please !
=> Xin ng vui lng i ngay cho
2. Thank khi l ng t th c ngha: cm n, bit n.
E.g: There's no need to thank me.
=> Khng cn phi cm n ti
_ nhn mnh ta c th thm very much
E.g: Thank you very much.
=> Cm n anh nhiu lm
THEIR, THERE v THEYRE:
D pht m ging nhau, nhng c chc nng khc nhau trong cu.
1. Their l hnh thc s hu tng ng vi i t they. Their c ngha: ca h, ca
chng n.
E.g: When are they going to hook up their new computers ?
=> Khi no th h s kt ni nhng my vi tnh mi ca h.
2. There khi t u cu th gi l t thm v thnh thong c gi l ch ng
gi v n khng chi phi n hnh thc s t hay s nhiu ca ng t.
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E.g: There are three people who might know what
happened.
=> C ba ngi l c th bit nhng g xy ra.
3. Theyre l hnh thc gin lc ca they are.
E.g: Theyre talking about their grandchildren.
=> H ni v nhng ngi chu ca h.
THEORY v HYPOTHESIS:
1. Theory c ngha: l thuyt, nguyn l, hc thuytl tp hp nhng suy ngh v
lp lun nhm gii thch mt s kin, mt hin tng.
E.g.1: Economic theory tells us something different.
=> L thuyt kinh t cho ta bit nhng iu khc hn.
E.g.2: In theory, if it becomes law, the bill will affect visitors and students equally
regardless of their country of origin.
=> V mt l thuyt, nu tr thnh lut, o lut s nh hng n du khch v
sinh vin nh nhau, bt chp gc gc quc gia ca h.
2. Cn hypothesis l gi thuyt, tc nhng g gi nh, gi , c a ra lm cn
c gii thch mt s vic, s kin,
E.g: This idea is offered only as a hypothesis.
=> tng ny a ra ch nh mt gi thuyt.
THOUGHT v IDEA:
1.Thought c ngha: t tng, ngh, t duy, phn nh nhng khi nim ban u
trong t duy
E.g: Almost as if he had read her thought, he returned to his seat.
=> Lm nh th c c ngh ca c y, anh ta tr v ch ngi ca mnh.
_Thought cng hm quan im v ngh ca mt ngi.
E.g: All his thought went into his work.
=> Ton b t tng ca ng y c th hin trong cng trnh ca ng.
2. Idea l nhng ngh, suy tnh, c hnh thnh trong tr c nh l kt qu ca
hnh ng, t duy, suy ngh.
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E.g: Their ideas on raising children are certainly strange.
=> Nhng tng ca h trong vic nui dy con tr r
rng l l.
_Idea khi dng trong cu tn thn th li hm ngha: kin ngu ngc, ang chn.
E.g: What an idea !
=> Tht l mt kin ngu ngc, in r.
TITLE v HEADLINE:
1. Title: L danh t hm ti tiu ca mt cun sch, mt bc tranh, hay mt
th loi nhc no .
E.g. 'Walk under Ladders' is the title of her new play.
=> 'Walk under Ladders' l tn v kch mi ca c y.
2. Headline: Tiu hay cn gi l 'tip' ca mt bi bo c in kh ln, c ch to,
r, m thu ht s ch ca ngi c.
E.g. All the headlines are about the Ridley affair.
=> Tt c tiu ny u ni v v vic cu Ridley.
TRAIL, LANE v PATH:
L nhng t m ch ti cc li i, ng i, hnh lang nh, khng c quy m.
1. Lane l con ng hp nng thn m xe c c th s dng c, thng cp
theo hng ro hoc chy dc theo nhng hng cy. Lane cng m ch nhng ng
hm hay con ng hp gia cc ta nh trong thnh ph hay khu dn c ng c
E.g: The car wasn't stopping; it was turning into the lane.
=> Chic xe khng ngng li, n chy r vo con ng nh
_Ngoi ra, lane cng vi: street, drive, road, court...cn c t sau cc tn ng
trong thnh ph, m khi dch ra ting Vit ta ch dch chng l ng.
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E.g: I live at 4749 Marathon Lane.
=> Ti s 4749 ng Marathon
_Lane thng dng khi m ch cc ln ng ca mt con l chnh. Nhng ln
ng ny c phn cch bng cc ng vch sn chy dc theo con l cho
xe c theo m " lane ai ny chy " .
E.g: The lorry was travelling at 30mph in the right lane.
=> Chic xe ti chy vi tc 30 dm mt gi ln ng bn phi
_Lane cng ch ln ng phn ranh trn b hay trn nc cho cc vn ng vin
tranh ti.
2. Ta khng dng lane khi cp n cc li i nh, ng mn i b m xe c
khng lu thng c. Danh t dng trong trng hp ny l path hay footpath.
_Path thng khng do ngi ta chnh thc xy dng m l li i t pht, thng
l li i nh dc theo mt con l, chy theo ven b sng hay li i xuyn qua cc
cnh ng.
E.g: Look, we can see the path from here.
=> Nhn ka, t y chng ta c th thy c con ng mn
3. Trail cng l ng mn, li i nh nhng l li i bng qua rng, ng c hoc
qua vng vng v, tha tht, t ngi.
E.g: We must follow the trail through the forest.
=> Chng ti buc phi theo li mn bng qua rng
TRAVEL, TRIP V JOURNEYl
1. Travel l t tng qut, m ch n mt chuyn i, mt cuc du hnh ni chung.
E.g.1: He has agreed to pay for travel and expenses.
=> ng y ng tr tin cho chuyn i cng cc chi ph
E.g.2: Travel broadens the mind.
=> Du lch, du hnh m mang kin thc
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2. Trip cng l t ph bin, dng ch mt chuyn i
bt k no - thng li mt vi ngy - ri tr v. c
th l mt chuyn cng v, i lm n hoc i chi; c th i hp tp, vi vng hoc
thong th, th nhn.
E.g: President Bush continued to spin the same message on his trip to Europe.
=> Tng thng Bush tip tc xoay quanh thng ip tng t trong chuyn i chu
u ca ng
Note:
L danh t, trip c ngha l mt chuyn i, mt cuc hnh trnh; cn ng t trip
th hon ton khng c ngha ny m c ngha: vp ng, nhy ma...
3. Journey ng mt s di chuyn t ni ny sang ni khc, thng mt kh nhiu
thi gian v qung ng di, c thc hin bng phng tin ng b, ng
thy hay hng khng.
_Journey c th m ch chuyn i kinh doanh, lm vic hay du lch. Ngy nay,
journey thng ng n chuyn i nhn nh hn trip.
E.g: The journey to Bangkok is expected to take four days.
=> Chuyn i Bangkok c th mt 4 ngy
_Journey cng c th dng ni n qung ng di hay ngn m ta i li thng
xuyn.
E.g: How long is your journey to work ?
=> T ni bn n ch lm bao lu ?
TROUBLE, MATTER v PROBLEM:
_Matter c ngha: vn , s kin. Trong cch dng thng dng hng ngy, matter
hay c dng sau what, something... ni v nhng s c kh khn, tr ngi hay
cc nguyn nhn gy au n, au kh...Dng matter nh th ngi ta thng t
mo t xc nh " the " pha trc matter.
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E.g.1: What is the matter ?
=> C vic g th ?
E.g.2: There is something the matter.
=> C vi s c g ri
_Tuy nhin ta khng dng " the matter " vi ngha nh th trong nhng kiu cu
khc. Ta dng problem hoc trouble vi ngha: iu rc ri, li thi...
E.g: The trouble is that she can't cook.
=> Rc ri nm ch c y khng th nu n
U
UNDERNEATH v BENEATH:
1. Beneath c th ng vai gii t hay trng t vi ngha: thp hn, di.
E.g: We could hear the trains rumbling beneath.
=> Chng ti c th nghe on tu chy m m pha di
2. Underneath thnh thong c dng nh mt gii t nhng ch vi v tr vt l,
nh ta c th ni: "There is cat underneath the table" (C mt con mo di bn).
Underneath thng dng hn trong vai tr trng t.
E.g: Always put a sheet of paper underneath.
=> Hy lun lt mt t bo bn di
UNDERGROUND v SUBWAY:
1. Subway /sbwe/: L danh t hm ng ngm, h thng ng ngm trong
thnh ph, c bit khi ni v h thng tu in ngm th n c s dng ph
bin M.
E.g.1. You feel worried if you walk through a subway.
=> Bn lo lng nu bn i b qua mt ng ngm.
E.g.2. I don't ride the subway late at night.
STUV
KIU THY TRUNG

=> Mnh khng i bng tu in ngm vo ti khuya.
2. Underground: L danh t hm ch ng ngm, h
thng tu in ngm s dng ph bin Anh.
E.g. He crossed London by Underground.
=> ng y i London bng tu in ngm.
UNDERSTANDING v COMPREHENSION:
u c ngha l s hiu bit. Ta c th dng chng ni v kh nng hiu bit
ca ai v mt vic g.
E.g.1: They passed a reading comprehension test.
=> H vt qua k kim tra c hiu
E.g.2: She has only a limited understanding of Russia.
=> C y ch hiu bit hn ch v nc Nga
_Nu ta c s am hiu v vic g, tc l ta c mt s kin thc v vic hoc
ta hiu c cch vn hnh hoc ngha ca s vic, Comprehension khng
dng c vi ngha ny.
E.g: The job requires an understanding of French.
=> Cng vic i hi s am hiu ting Php
UNIVERSITY v COLLEGE:
=> University l trng i hc, vin i hc, c s ging dy, nghin cu v cp
bng cho sinh vin bc hc cao nht.
=> College l trng chuyn nghip hoc trng cao ng.
_ Anh t College cn dng ch cc trng trung hc t thc ( private
secondary school ). Cn M, college cn ch trng i hc hoc mt b phn
ca trng i hc. V d: college of law ( trng lut ). Nhng trng i hc
cng ng M cng gi l college.
STUV
KIU THY TRUNG

Note:
+ Ta vit college ngay sau mt gii t v gii t thng dng
nht l "at" ( at college). Ngi Anh ni " He is at college". Nhng ngi M li
dng gii t "in" thay cho "at", h ni "he's in college"
+ Cng cn lu n vic s dng mo t xc nh "the". Khi college c cp
n nh l c s dy hc ng theo mc ch thnh lp th ta khng dng " the ".
E.g: They went to college in Denver.
_Nhng ta i n trng khng phi dy hay hc tp, nghin cu m lm
mt vic g th ta dng mo t "the".
E.g: I went to the college to discuss my brother's progress.
UNSOCIABLE v ANTISOCIAL:
1. Antisocial c ngha: phn x hi, khng a giao du, xa ri x hi.
_Antisociall tnh t ch thi chng li, lm tri lai nhng g m cng ng c t
chc quy nh. Thi "antisocial" gy hi hoc lm phin n nhng ngi khc.
E.g.1: Don't let your children develop an antisocial behaviour.
=> ng con ca bn hnh thnh thi chng li x hi
E.g.2: He is not antisocial, just shy.
=> Anh y khng phi l ngi khng mun ha bnh, ch hi nht nht
2. Unsociable mang ngha nh hn antisocail. Khi mt ngi no khng a giao
thip hay kt bn, ta m t ngi l "unsociable" (thnh thong ngi ta vn
dng antisocail ni v thi ny nh v d trn).
E.g: John was an awkward and unsociable boy.
=> John l thng b vng v v kh gn
STUV
KIU THY TRUNG

UNSUED, DISUSUED v MISUSED:
1. Disused l khng c s dng na, v dng, b i.
E.g: There's a unique cycle path along the disused railway line.
=> C mt ng mn duy nht dc theo ng st b i.
2. Unused l cha dng, khng dng n, khng quen.
E.g: Her family is so large that not one room in her house is unused.
=> Gia nh c y qu ng n ni m khng mt phng no trong nh c y l
khng dng n.
3. Khi vt g b "misused" th vt b lm dng, b dng sai mc ch.
E.g: If your credit card is misused before you have reported the loss, the maximum
loss you have to bear is 50 usd, and the bank bears the rest.
=> Nu th tn dng ca bn b chim ot trc khi bn thng bo mt, th s tin
bn mt ti a l 50 la, cn bao nhiu ngn hng phi chu.
UNUSUAL v STRANGE:
1. Unusual:
_ Khng bnh thng, khc vi thng thng, ng ngha vi "Uncommon"
E.g.1. It's unusual for the trees to flower so early.
=> Tht bt thng khi nhng cy ny n hoa sm.
E.g.2. She has a very unusual name.
=> C y c ci tn rt khc thng.
_Mang tnh cht khc vi nhng th tng t khc, v th c im th v v thu
ht.
E.g. An unusual colour.
=> Mt gam mu tht khc thng.
2. Strange:
STUV
KIU THY TRUNG

_K l hoc gy ngc nhin, c bit theo mt cch kh
hiu.
E.g.1. A strange thing happened this morning.
=> Mt iu kh hiu xy ra sng nay.
E.g.2. She was looking at me in a very strange way.
=> B ta ang nhn vo ti mt cch rt l kh hiu.
E.g.3. That's strangethe front door's open.
=> Tht k l - ca trc b m.
_Khng ging vi nhng ngi hay nhng th m bn gp hay nhn thy.
E.g.1. A strange city...
=> Mt thnh ph k l...
E.g.2. Never accept lifts from strange men.
=> ng bao gi chp nhn ln xe ca nhng ngi n ng l.
V
VALIANT,GALLANT, BRAVE v COURAGEOUS:
Cc t trn u ni v lng can m, dng cm.
1. Brave v courageous l hai t thng dng. Brave hm ngha tng qut: gan d,
dng cm, sn sng ng u vi nguy him, au n.
E.g: It was brave of you to go into the burning house.
=> Anh tht dng cm khi xng vo ngi nh ang chy)
_Courageous m t hnh ng dng cm, gan d hn brave. c bit nhn mnh ti
tnh cht bm sinh ca hn ng, m ch nhng ngi nh th sinh ra thc hin
nhng hnh ng gan d vi c lng nhit thnh.
E.g: He made a courageous speech against the dictator.
=> Anh y c mt bi din vn dng cm chng li nh c ti
STUV
KIU THY TRUNG

2.Fearless c ngha: khng s, bo dn, m ch mt tinh
thn thn nhin, khng chn bc khi i din vi nguy
him.
3. Valiant v gallant cng ni v lng can m, s dng cm, nhng gallant thin
v hnh ng ngha hip v cng hm ngha nnh m, ga lng. Valliant hm ngha
s tng xng gia lng can m bn trong v hnh vi bn ngoi, nht l dng
iu cng trng v sc chu ng bn b.
VICTIM v CASUALTY:
l hai danh t u hm l nn nhn, nhng s dng trong nhng hon cnh khc
nhau.
1. Victim: Hm l nn nhn trong mt v bo lc, hoc tai nn lin quan ti bo
lc, hoc ch bnh nhn trong mt dch bnh, hoc mt s mc bnh nghim trng.
E.g.1. We have been the victims of a monumental swindle.
=> Chng ti tng l nhng nn nhn ca mt v la o khng l.
E.g.2. After about two weeks, the victim's hair starts to fall out.
=> Sau khong hai tun, tc ca nhng bnh nhn ny bt u rng.
2. Casualty: L danh t hm nn nhn trong chin tranh hoc mt v tai nn,
hoc l nn nhn ca iu g c chiu hng i xung.
E.g.1. The casualty figure has increased.
=> Con s nn nhn trong cc v tai nn tng ln.
E.g.2. Small shops have been a casualty of the recession.
=> Nhng ca hng nh tr thnh nn nhn ca s khng hong kinh t.
+ Anh, "Casualty" dng ch mt phng cp cu bnh nhn b thng trong bnh
vin.
E.g. I was taken to casualty at St Thomas's Hospital.
=> Ti c a n phng cp cu ca bnh vin ngi St Thomas.
STUV
KIU THY TRUNG

VIGILANT, ALERT v WATCHFUL:
1. Alert c ngha: cnh gic, tnh to, cn thn.
E.g: His military advisers suddenly became alert to this risk.
=> Nhng c vn qun s ca ng ra t nhin tr nn cnh gic vi nguy c ny
_Alert cng thng dng trong vai tr danh t v ng t vi ngha: bo ng.
2. Vigilant l tnh t m ch s cnh gic cn thit tc th ch ng quan st,
hnh ng.
E.g: Knowing the danger, the scout was unceasingly vigilant.
=> Bit c s nguy him, ngi hng o khng ngt cnh gic
3. Watchful l tnh t ng n s trn trng, canh chng.
E.g: Her guardian remained watchful throughout the night.
=> Ngi bo v ca b ta vn canh phng sut m
VISUAL v VISIBLE:
1. Visual: Thuc v th gic, lin quan ti th gic.
E.g. The photographs she takes are a visual record of her travels.
=> Nhng bc hnh m c y chp l mt s ghi li nhng chuyn i ca c y.
2. Visible: L mt tnh t hm c th nhn thy c, trong tm mt khi nhn ci
g t mt gc nhn no .
E.g. Beyond them the volcano's peak, just visible from this angle, shone gold
tinged with pink.
=> Cch xa h l chp ca chic ca n, c th nhn thy c t gc nhn ny, nh
nng vng pha vi mu hng.
STUV
KIU THY TRUNG

VOYAGE v TOUR:
1. Voyage ch mt chuyn i xa, mt cuc hnh trnh di ngy
bng tu thy hoc my bay, khinh kh cu hay tu v tr. l mt chuyn i
thm ch mt nhiu nm, thng...
E.g :The 1940s and early 1950s saw the ocean voyage at its peak.
=> Nhng nm 1940 v nhng nm u thp nin 1950 chng kin s du hnh
vt i dng nh im ca n
2. Tour ch mt chuyn i du lch, gii tr, thm ving nhiu ni.
E.g: She'd already signed up for another tour to China.
=> C y ng k mt chuyn du lch khc n Trung Quc
_Tour cng dng ni n cc chuyn i thi u, biu din...
E.g: Other players on that tour had played on through pain and injury.
=> Nhng cu th khc trong chuyn du u phi tip tc thi u b d b chn
thng v au nhc
STUV
Trn Th Kim Oanh

WAIL, WEEP, CRY v SOD
1. Cry l t thng dng nht. Khi ta cry,nc mt tun tro ra v ta gp iu bt
hnh, c th do au n hoc s hi.
Dorothy cried because she had hurt her back.
(Dorothy khc v c b au lng).
Note:
Cry cn thng dng vi ngha: ku, la, ht ln.
She cried out angrily, " get out of my room ".
(C y go ln mt cch gin gi " bc ngay ra khi phng ti " ).
2. Weep cng c ngha tng t nh cry, nhng dng c v kiu cch hn. Weep
l t dc xem l li thi v hin nay thng ch dng trong nhng mu chuyn.
Weep l ng t bt quy tc (weep - wept - wept ). C cry v weep u c th din
t hnh ng khc v sung sng.
The prisoners wept for joy on their release.
(Nhng ngi cm t khc v sung sng khi c phng thch).
3. Wail m ch hnh ng khc ko di trong au kh, than khc, k l nh khi
khc cho ci cht ca ngi thn, khc than s phn hm hiu...
She wailed for her dead sister.
(C y khc than cho ci cht ca em gi).
4. Sod l khc nc n, thn thc nh khi tr con khc.
We could hear the child sobbing in the next room.
(Chng ta c th nghe a b nc n phng bn).
WARDROBE v CUPBOARD:
1. Cupboard l t nh c ngn bn trong, c ca pha trc, t bp ph, t ly,
chn...
Trn Th Kim Oanh

The kitchen cupboard is stocked with dishes, cups and
food.
(T chn nh bp cha y nhng a, tch v thc phm).
2. Wardrobe l t qun o, wardrobe cao hn cupboard, thng t trong phng
ng v ta c th mang o qun trong t ny.
He denied that he once hid from the police in his wardrobe.
(Anh y ph nhn l c ln anh trn cnh st trong t o ca mnh).
3. Mt wardrobe hay cupboard thnh thong c xy lun trong tng ch khng
l nhng t lm bng g hay kim loi ng ring l. M, nhng t m nh vy
gi l closet.
Her clothes hang in the closet.
(o qun ca c ta mc trong t).
WARE v WEAR:
l hai t ng m nhng khc ngha.
1. Ware: dng vi ngha l ng t th c ngha l: coi chng, cn thn.
E.g. Ware the dog, please!
=> Coi chng con ch!
Khi Ware dng vi ngha l danh t th c th dng trong nhng ng cnh sau:
+ t ch, hng ha t lm.
E.g.1. Ceramic ware: gm.
E.g.2. A collection of local ware: Mt b su tp hng ha lm t a phng.
+ dng hay s vt no c s dng cho mt mc ch no , hoc ni
cha nhng chuyn dng.
E.g. Bathroom ware: dng trong nh tm, kitchen ware: dng nh bp.
+ Hng ha.
Trn Th Kim Oanh

E.g. He travelled from town to town selling his wares.
=> ng ta i khp ni bn hng ca mnh.
2. Wear: l mt ng t, cng c s dng vo nhng ng cnh khc nhau.
+ Mang, mc, i, eo.
E.g.1. She was wearing a new coat.
=> C y ang mc ci o khoc mi.
E.g.2. Do I have to wear a tie?
=> Mnh c phi eo c vt khng nh?
+ C th dng khi ni ai c c im no c bit.
E.g. My boyfriend wears a beard.
=> Bn trai mnh c ru quai nn.
+ N cn c ngha l mt ci g ang tr nn nh hn, mm hn, mn hn,...
E.g.1. The carpets are starting to wear.
=> Nhng tm thm ny ang dn mn rch i.
E.g.2. You're wearing wellonly a few grey hairs!
=> Tc bn ch cn mt vi cng tc mu xm thi!
WIDOW v WIDOWER:
l hai danh t cn ch rt d nhm ln khi dng.
1. Widow: Qu ph, ngi ph n mt chng nhng vn cha ti hn.
E.g. I had been a widow for five year.
=> Ti mt chng khong nm nm nay ri.
+ Khi ngi n ng cht, chng ta dng "Widow" ch ti v ca h.
E.g. His saving had been left to his widow.
=> Tin tit kim ca ng y li ht cho v ca ng.
2. Widower: L danh t m ch ngi n ng c v mt, nhng cha ti hn.
Trn Th Kim Oanh

E.g. I'm a widower in my late forties.
=> Ti l mt ngi n ng mt v vo cui nhng nm
bn mi.
+ Lu , khi mt ngi ph n qua i, th chng ta khng dng "Widower" m
ch chng ca ngi v qu c.
WIN, GAIN v EARN:
l nhng ng t u c ngha l ginh c, ly c, t c.
1. Gain: Dng ch vic t c nhng kh nng, phm cht dn dn, t t v l
kt qu ca s n lc, nhng mc t, khng nhiu lm.
E.g. People want to know what they gain by conserving the forest.
=> Mi ngi mun bit h c li g t vic bo tn rng.
2. Earn: Kim c, nhn c bng s n lc, c gng lao ng. Ta khng dng
Gain hay Win ch tin cng, tin lng dng Earn.
E.g. He earrns four hundred dollars a week.
=> ng ta kim c 4 trm la mt tun.
3. Win: Chin thng, t c. Win nhn mnh n chin thng trong mt cuc thi
ti, hay mt cuc ua, mt cuc thi u.
E.g. He won a seat in the general election.
=> Anh ta ginh ddwwocj mt gh trong cuc tng tuyn c.
WOGON, CARRIAGE v TRUCK:
Carriage l mt trong nhiu danh t dng ch cc loi xe c ko bng ng c
trn ng ray xe la, carriage cn c ngha tng t coach, tc xe nga bn bnh
dng ch ngi v do mt hay nhiu con nga ko.
Trn Th Kim Oanh

Anh, carriage l mt toa xe la ch hnh khch. M,
nhng toa nh th gi l car.
Car - khi thnh lp danh t kp ch cc toa xe la nh: a dining car (toa n), a
sleeping car (toa ng)...Nhng t ny khng cn c s dng chnh thc, nhng
vn ph bin trong m thoi hng ngy.
He entered the dining car for lunch.
(Anh y i vo toa n dng ba n tra).
Truck, Anh dng ch toa xe la khng c mui-tc toa trn-dng ch hng
ha. M th ch loi xe ti ln.
There is a long truck loaded with coal.
(C mt xe la khng mui ch y than ).
Wogon ch xe nga, xe b, chy trn ng ray. M, gi toa trn hay toa ch
hng ha l freight car hoc flatcar. Toa ch xc vt hay hng ha c mui th ngi
M gi l boxcar, cn ngi Anh th gi l wagon.

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"Hi luyn thi i hc mn ting anh"

=> TRUE ~~~~~~ Im sorry to late=> FALSE

(Ti xin li cho vic n mun)

Some/ Any (adj bt nh): ng trc N m c s nhiu.

There are some bananas on the table.

Any of them is also very friendly.

- Khi ch c 2 i tng th i tng u tin dng ONE i tng th 2 dng

- Alike khng ng trc N. Trong trng hp ny ta dng "similar" thay

There isn't a cloud in the sky. It's going to be a lovely day.

- For: c dng khi nguyn nhn c nu ra ch l thm vo cu ni, khng

- Nu bn ang mt ni, v ngi kia ang ni khc (ang ni chuyn in

- Clothes khng c dng s t, thay v ni a cloth, chng ta ni l something to

Ch : Trng m khi c 2 t 'reject' ny: ReJECT /rdkt / (v): t chi;

+ Each other v one another cng c dng trong s

ELECTRIC, ELECTRICAL v ELECTRONIC:

E.g.1: This technique has been extensively used in Japan.

chng minh rng khng mt ai ch trch vic s dng

3. Slip thng m ch mt sai lm nh m nguyn nhn l

4. Proof l chng c, l bng chng cung cp xc nhn

EXAMINATION, INSPECTION v SCRUTINY:

Ta cng ni, mt ai b kch thch v mt vic g " be

" Excuse me " l cu u mi mi khi ta mun c

E.g: Have you ever experienced a real depression.

ha, sn phm c ch to, lp rp.

_Trong khi Anh, carnival dng ch mt l hi cng

hi lng bin mt.

FAMOUS, WELL-KNOWN, NOTORIOUS v

=> B ta lun chung thy vi chng

vi gii t by hn bt c gii t no khc v fascinated

mt ha s, mt nh iu khc hay phong cch ngh thut

ca n gii. Nhng khi cp ti ngh nghip th ngi

=> Khng d g tm thy nh c

_Cc thng k trong nhng nm 1980 cho thy, cch

bng ca tri t pha di chn ta khi ta ngoi tri, cn

E.g: Well, folks, what are we going to do tonight ?

Foot cn mt hnh thc s nhiu na l foots, nhng ch

Forced cng cn c ngha khn cp nh khi ta ni " a

_Forceful c ngha: mnh m, sinh ng, c sc thuyt

_ta khng dng free nh mt trng t vi ngha ny, thay

_Cn friendly with c ngha l thch chi vi nhau, thch

Trong cu ny, ta khng ni " her birthday party was

GAZE, STARE v GAPE:

_Tht ra c hai hnh thc qu kh phn t get v gotten

E.g: I'm glad to hear she is feeling better.

=> Khi ln ln, ti mun mnh l mt lut s

_Practice m ch mt tp hp ca nhng thi quen c

HAPPEN, TAKE PLACE v OCCUR:

_Cn tirade cng l bi din vn, din thuyt di nhng

_Cn M, ngi chu trch nhim ng u ca mt

E.g: There is a neat stack of dishes in the cupboard.

=> Ti nghe thy ai ang n

=> C ta nhn c nhiu tnh cm yu mn t ng

E.g.1. A month's deposit may be required before you can

_Tuy nhin, khi cp n nhng g lin quan n vic

E.g: She relied on him to do most of the housework.

E.g: I hope my mother doesn't wake up.

E.g.3: This is a horrifying miscarriage of justice.

2. Clinic l phng khm chuyn khoa, thng l ni kt

ILL, SICK, VOMIT v THROW UP:

E.g: She began to vomit blood a few days before she

ILLUSION, DELUSION HALLUCINATION:

E.g: The course focuces on the use of children's