Aro 11

3 AYDA BiR YAYIMLANIR
PUBLISHED QUARTERLY, YEAR: 3, ISSUE NO: 11, JANUARY - MARCH 2013
SAYI 11
OCAK / MART 2013
CHAMBER of ANTALYA TOUR GUIDES QUARTERLY
ARSNOE Antik Kenti ve Softa Kalesi

The Ancient City of ARSINOE and Softa Castle
YZ YILLIK DESTAN:
Hamidiye Kruvazr ve Hseyin Rauf Bey
KAPADOKYAnn TARH NCES

The Prehistory of Cappadocia
Mziin Ritmi: DARBUKA

The Rhythm of Music: GOBLET DRUM
Trakyal Hemehrimiz: ORPHEUS

Our Thracian Countryman: Orpheus
AZANO: Zeusun Torunu Azann ehri, 2. Blm

Aizanoi: The City of Azan, The Grandson of Zeus, Part II
DUBA: Ortadounun
Parlayan Yldz...
LE
AB
D R
Dubai: The Shining Star of

Middle East...
RM
Z E H E
Kahraman
Hamidiye ve Svarisi Hseyin Rauf
(Orbay) Bey ile silah
arkadalarnn aziz
anlarna...
ZEL YAZI

Yeni Yl, Yeni Bakan

24 Ocakta stanbula gerekletirdiim ziyaretin amac dier meslek
kurulular ile birlikte, sayn bakanmz Erturul Gnay ile bir TUREB
toplantsna katlmakt. Toplant ncesi meslek kurulular ile ROda
yaptmz durum deerlendirmesi esnasnda haberdar olduumuz
kabine revizyonu bizleri artt. nk bakanmz rehberler asndan
son derece baarl bir bakan idi. Turizm sektrnn bu zamana kadar
grd en aktif ve sektrn her alannda baarl olmu; her birimin
sorunlarn bilen ve zmne ynelik admlar atan, benim son 15 ylda
grdm; Turizme ivme kazandran bir isim idi. Bizler iin ok byk
neme sahip olan ve 30 yldan fazla bir sredir beklediimiz Turist
Rehberlii Meslek Yasasn bizlere kazandrmas onun deerini bizlerin
nezdinde daha da artryor.
Meslek grubu olarak en azndan bizler Sayn Erturul Gnaya minnettarz ve kendisine tekrar kranlarmz sunuyoruz.
Yeni bakanmz Sayn mer elike hayrl olsun dileklerimizi iletiyoruz. Bu zamana kadar yapt baarl almalarn yeni grevinde de
srdreceinden camia olarak hi kukumuz yok. Turizm sektrnn
dinamik unsurlarnn en ksa srede yeni bakanmz ile uyumlu ve etkin
bir alma temposunu yakalayacana inanyoruz.
2013 ylnn yeni bakanmz ile birlikte, lkemize ve turizm sektrne
hayrl, bereketli ve sorunsuz olmasn dileyerek, her ikisine de HOGELDNZ diyorum.
Sayglarmla,
New Year, New Minister

The purpose of my visit to Istanbul on January 24th was to participate
in a TUREB meeting with Mr. Minister Ertugrul Gunay, together with
the other professional organizations. The revision of the cabinet that
we were informed during the situation assessment we made at IRO
with the professional organizations prior to the meeting surprised us,
because our Minister was a very successful Minister in terms of the
tour guides. He was the most active and successful person in all areas of the tourism sector until today, who knew the problems of each
unit and took steps for their solutions, and accelerated Tourism, that
I had seen in the last 15 years. His contribution to us in obtaining the
Tourist Guiding Professional Act, which has a great importance for us
and which we have been waiting for more than 30 years, even adds
to his value before us.
As the professional group, at least we are grateful to Mr. Ertugrul Gunay, and we reexpress our gratitude to him.
We wish good luck to our new Minister, Mr. Omer Celik. We, as the community, have no doubt that he will
continue his successful work he has done by this time also in his new position. We believe that the dynamic
elements of tourism sector will obtain a coherent and effective pace of work with our new Minister within the
shortest time.
Wishing that 2013 will be propitious, fruitful and smooth for our country and tourism sector together with our
new Minister, I say WELCOME to both.
Best regards,
Hasan UYSAL
TOUR GUIDES QUARTERLY

3 ayda bir yaymlanr. YIL: 3, SAYI: 11, Ocak - Mart 2013.
ubat aynda baslmtr.
Published quarterly. YEAR: 3, ISSUE No: 11, January - March 2013.
Published in February.
MTYAZ SAHB / Concessionaire

Antalya Rehberler Odas adna /
On behalf of the Chamber of Antalya Tour Guides
Hasan UYSAL - hasanuysal@aro.org.tr

SORUMLU MDR,
GENEL YAYIN YNETMEN
Director In Charge, Editor In Chief
Ahmet Zeki APALI - zekiapali@aro.org.tr
YAYIN KURULU / Editorial Board
Prof.Dr. Bekir DENZ, Prof.Dr. Nevzat EVK
Prof.Dr. adan GKOVALI, Yavuz Ali SAKARYA
Hseyin MRN, Mehmet ERDEM,
Recep YAVUZ, T. Michael P. DUGGAN
KATKIDA BULUNANLAR / Contributors
Levent CAL, Serdar SEVN, Halil ARIKAN
KAPAK FOTORAFI / Cover Photo
Hamidiye Kruvazr, Fotoraf: Dz. Kuvvetleri Kom.l Arivi
GRAFK TASARIM / Graphic Design
Adnan SAYKI - Tel: +90 537 419 43 23
www.adnansayki.com - adnan@adnansayki.com
EVRMEN / Translator
Mge SZEN
BASKI / Printing House
Baak Matbaaclk ve Tantm Hiz. Ltd. ti.
Anadolu Bulvar Meka Plaza No: 5 / 15 Gimat
Yenimahalle / ANKARA, Tel: +90 312 397 16 17
YAZIMA ADRES ve LETM BLGLER
Mailing Address and Contact Information
Demircikara Mah. Burhanettin Onat Cad.
Artrk Sitesi, A-Blok, No: 89 Kat: 1, D: 4 Antalya / TURKEY
Tel: +90 242 311 11 30 (Pbx) - Fax: +90 242 322 91 75
www.aro.org.tr - dergi@aro.org.tr
Yazlarn sorumluluu yazarlarna, reklamlarn sorumluluu reklam
sahiplerine aittir. Yazl izin olmakszn hibir yaz, fotoraf ve
grafik ierik baka bir yerde kullanlamaz.
Kltr-Sanat, Tarih, Arkeoloji, Mitoloji ve Gezi Dergisi.
AROnun bir kltr hizmetidir.
The responsibility for the articles and advertisements remains with the
authors and advertisers respectively. No text, photograph or graphical
content may be used anywhere else without written permission.
Arts & Culture, History, Archaeology, Mythology and Travel Quarterly.
A cultural service provided by ARO
contents
CHAMBER OF ANTALYA
6-15
ARSNOE Antik Kenti

ve Softa Kalesi
The Ancient City of ARSINOE and Softa Castle
16-31
HAMDYE
KRUVAZR ve
Hseyin RAUF BEY
32-35
38-51
KI TURZM
Kapadokyann
TARH NCES
The Prehistory of CAPPADOCIA
52-57
Mziin Ritmi:
DARBUKA
58-65
Trakyal Hemehrimiz:
ORPHEUS
Our Thracian Countryman: ORPHEUS
66-71
Lambuka Bal /
72-73
74-89
Balk Aramzda
The Dorado
AZANO: Zeusun
Torunu Azann ehri
2. Blm
AIZANOI: The City of Azan, The Grandson of

Zeus, Part II
90-99
ASPENDOS
100-107
DUBA: Ortadounun
Parlayan Yldz...
IV. Blm / Part IV
DUBAI: The Shining Star of Middle East...
108-119
120-121
122
HABERLER
BULMACA
MFETTLER
YOLDA!
Merhaba Sevgili Okurlar,

Acsyla, tatlsyla bir yl daha geride braktmz ve 2013 ylnn ban yaadmz u gnlerde yeni yln hepimize gzellikler getirmesini diliyorum.
Dergimizle ilgili gzel dilek ve nerilerini esirgemeyen eski ve yeni yelerimize
teekkrlerimizi iletiyorum. te yandan olur olmaz eylere kusur bulmaya alan ama ufack bir katks bile bulunmayan arkadalarmza da Heredotun ok
sevdiim bir szn tm dergi ekibi adna armaan ediyorum: Acnmaktansa
kskanlmak daha iyidir.
Birka hafta ierisinde Antalya blgesinde operasyon gruplar dediimiz -daha
ok seyahat eden, daha ok ren yeri ziyaretinde bulunan, rehberlerin daha
ok anlatm yaptklar- gruplarn younluu artacaktr. te bu dnemde bizleri
dnmeye sevk eden bir hikyeyi paylamak isterim.
Dalarda yolculuk eden bilge bir kadn, bir derede deerli bir ta bulur. Ertesi gn
karn a olan bir yolcuyla karlar ve yiyeceini paylamak iin heybesini aar.
Bu srada a olan yolcu heybenin iindeki deerli ta grr ve bilge kadndan
onu kendisine vermesini ister. Kadn hi duraksamadan isteini yerine getirir.
A yolcu, ne kadar talihli olduunu dnerek oradan nee iinde ayrlr. Tan
kendisine yaam boyu gvence salayacak kadar deerli olduunu bilmektedir.
Ne var ki birka gn gemeden geri dnp deerli ta bilge kadna iade etmek
ister. Dnp durdum, ben tan ne kadar deerli olduunu biliyorum
ama bana ok daha deerli bir ey verebilecein umuduyla sana geri
getirdim der ve isteini syler:
Ltfen bu ta bana verebilmeni salayan eyi ver...
Mutluluklarn, sevginin ve saygnn paylaldka artt yarnlara hep birlikte
yryebilmeyi dilerim.
Sayglarmla,
Hello Dear Readers,

In these days that we leave behind one more year with its sorrows and joys and
live the beginning of 2013, I wish that the new year brings beauty to all of us.
I thank to our old and new members who do not spare the beautiful wishes
and suggestions about our Quarterly. On the other hand, I present a saying of
Herodotus that I love to our friends who try to find a flaw in irrelevant things,
but do not have the slightest contribution, on behalf of the whole team of the
Quarterly: It is better to be envied than pitied.
In a few weeks, the intensity of the groups that we call operation groups who
travel more, visit ruins more, and to whom the tour guides narrate more will
increase in the Antalya region. And in this period, I would like to share with
you a thought-provoking story.
A wise woman traveling in the mountains finds a precious stone in a stream.
The next day she meets a passenger who is hungry and opens her bag to
share her food. In the meantime, the hungry passenger sees the precious
stone in the bag, and asks the wise woman to give it to him. The woman fulfills the request without hesitation.
The hungry passenger leaves the place joyfully, thinking how fortunate he is. He knows that the stone is precious
enough to provide him a lifetime guarantee. However, a few days later he returns and wishes to return the precious
stone to the wise woman.
He says I kept thinking, I know how precious the stone is, but I brought it back to you hoping that you can
give me something much more valuable, and tells his wish:
Please give me the thing that makes you give me this stone...
I wish that we can walk altogether to the future in which happiness, love and respect increase by sharing.
Best regards,
A. Zeki APALI
Kilikyada Gizli Kalm Bir ehir:

ARSNOE ANTK KENT ve
SOFTA KALES
Fotoraf: Bilhan Suba
Hamam olarak anlan yap sizleri

ho geldiniz dercesine selamlar.
Bugn seralar arasna skp kalm olan bu yap insanlarn acmaszca tahriplerine inat ayakta kalmaya devam etmekte ve belki de
sizlerin bu blgeye gstereceiniz
ilgi ile yeniden eski gzel gnlerine
dnmek iin beklemektedir.
Bilhan SUBAI,
Arkeolog-retim Grevlisi
Bu yazmzda Dalk Kilikya blgesinde geziler yapan kiiler, seyahat acentalar ve ilgili kurulularn henz kefetmedii, doa ile
tarihin birletii esiz gzellikteki
iki nemli yerden bahsedeceiz.
Bunlardan ilki, eer Mersin istikametinden geliyor iseniz Mersinin
Bozyaz ilesine varmadan 4 km
nce, sa tarafnzda gnmzde
mezarlk alan olarak kullanlan
alann tam karsnda; kk otobslerin rahatlkla girebilecei bir
yol grrsnz. Yarsndan fazlas asfalt ve ok az bir blm
stabilize olan, toplam 650 mlik
yola girdiinizde yaklak 150 m
sonra yolun sol tarafnda Mara
Kk lekteki yapnn inasnda

kesme ve moloz ta kullanlmtr.
Bu gzel yapdan geriye, merkezi
kubbeli bir blm, su haznesi ve
havuzu kalmtr. Yapnn dier

meknlar tamamen yklm durumdadr. Yapnn giri ksmnn
altndan gelen kaynak sadaki
havuzun iine dklmektedir. Antik dnyada burada yaayanlar,
geleneklerinden esinlenerek, bu
pnarn ban kutlu yer saymlar,
su gereksinimlerini buradan karlamlar, zerine bir de hamam
ina etmilerdir. Grnen o ki bu
gelenek gnmzde de devam
etmekte ve bu havuz sulama motorlar kullanlarak evredeki
6>7 ANTALYA REHBERLER ODASI DERGS
A Hidden City in Cilicia:

The ANCIENT CITY of ARSINOE
and SOFTA CASTLE
Bilhan SUBASI,
Archaeologist-Instructor
In this article, we will talk about
two important places with a unique
beauty where nature and history
are combined, which are little
explored by people who make
excursions into Rough Cilicia,
travel agencies and related organizations. The first of these: if
you are coming from the direction
of Mersin, you will see a road 4
km. before reaching the Bozyazi
district of Mersin, right across the
area on your right which is used
as a cemetery today, which small
buses can easily enter. When you
enter the 650 m. long road, more
than half of which is asphalted and
a very small section is stabilized,
you will see the structure known
as the Maras Bath on the left of
the road after about 150 m. as if
saying Welcome. This structure,
which is surrounded by greenhouses today, continues to stand
despite the ruthless destructive
activity of people, and perhaps
can expect to return to its past
appearance due to the interest
you will show in this region.
Cut stone and rubble stone were
Arsinoe Antik Kenti ve Softa Kalesi / The Ancient City of Arsinoe and Softa Castle
sonralar blgeye hkim olan Seluklular ve Karamanoullarnn

da onarmlaryla gnmze ulamtr. Yapnn n ksm yani Frigidarium (soukluk) ksm tamamen yklmtr. Ancak kalan temel
izleri burann 5,30 m geniliinde
7,70 m uzunlukta bir alan olduunu gsterir. Giriten sonra sadaki
kk mekndan Frigidariumun
yzme havuzunun olduu ksma
geilir. Giri mekanndan 6 x 2
m leinde tonozlu bir mekana
varlr.
Buradan da 3,35 x 3,35 m leinde merkezi kubbeli Caldarium olarak bilinen scak ksma geilir. Bu
mekan sadaki su haznesine bir
pencere ile alr. Yapnn Hypokaust stma sistemiyle stld,
tm yapy dolanan tubulatie
knklerden anlalmaktadr.
Tubuli olarak da geen bu

terim, Roma hamamlarnda
duvar stmas iin kullanlan
kutu eklindeki ii bo terrakota elemanlardr.
Tubuli, duvara st ste (paralel

borular gibi) yerletirilen ve bir
ular hypocaustta biriken scak
hava ve gazlara ak durumda
braklan, ierisinde scak havann
dolaarak hamam stt sistemin
addr.
Bu yapy geride brakp 500 m
ilerlediinizde Mara mevkii olarak bilinen, denize doru burun
biiminde uzanm hkim bir tepe
zerinde duran, ubukkoya
Ky snrlar iindeki Arsinoe
antik kentine ularsnz.
Aracmzla ulatmz yer Arsinoe
antik kentinin kuzeybatsdr.
araziyi sulamaktadr.
Yapda herhangi bir yazt bulunamamasna ramen kullanlan yap
malzemesine bakarak ilk yapl

tarihinin Ge Roma Dnemine
rastladn sylemek yanl olmasa gerektir. Ancak yap daha
Denize doru uzanan bu

kent halk arasnda Mara
Tepesi olarak anlmaktadr.
Burada grubunuz, uzun bir yolculuun sonunda kendini bulabilece
used in the construction of this

small-scale structure. A central
domed section, water reservoir
and pool are left from this beautiful structure. The other parts have
been completely destroyed. The
spring coming from beneath the
entrance of the structure flows
into the pool on the right. Those
who lived here in the ancient world
regarded this springhead as a holy
place inspired by their traditions,
met their water needs from here,
and built a bath-house over it. It
seems that this tradition continues
today, with the water from this pool
irrigating the surrounding land
through irrigation pumps.
Although there are no inscriptions remaining on this structure
today, looking at the construction
material, it would not be wrong
to say that the first construction
date for this structure was in the
Late Roman Period. However, the
structure has survived until today
through the repairs made to it by
the Seljuks from the 13th century
followed by the Karamanids who
later dominated the region. The
front part of the structure, i. e. the
Frigidarium, has been completely

destroyed. However, the remaining foundation traces show that
this was an area having a width
of 5.30 m. and a length of 7.70
m. After the entrance, from the
small space on the right, the part is
reached where there is the swimming pool of the Frigidarium. A
vaulted space with a scale of 6x2
m. is reached from the entrance
area.
And from here, the central domed
warm section, known as the
Caldarium, is reached, covering
an area of 3.35 x 3.35 m. This
space opens to the water reservoir on the right with a window. It
is understood that this structure
was heated through a Hypocaust heating system through
the steam passed through the
tubulatie pipes that encircle the
whole structure.
heating in Roman baths.

Tubuli is the name of the elements
of the system which are placed
one on the top of other on the
wall (such as parallel pipes), the
ends of which are left open to
the flow of warm air and gases
accummulated in the hypocaust,
and through which the warm air
circulates and heats the bath.
When you leave this structure
This term, which is also referred to as tubulin, refers to

the box-shaped hollow terracotta elements used in wall
maviliklerini, yeilliklerini izlerken

dier taraftan balarn evirdikleri
her yerde tarihle burun buruna
geleceklerdir. imdi de bu antik
kentin nasl bulunduuna ve adnn kkenine bir bakalm.
Eski a corafyacs Amasyal
Strabon, burayla ilgili bilgileri aktarrken; Anemuriumdan sonra ilk
kent olan Nagidosa sonra bir demir atma yeri bulunan Arsinoeye
gelinir demektedir.
ehrin kuruluu hakknda ve komu Nagidos antik kenti ile ilikileri
hakkndaki bilgiyi 1976 ylnda
Mersin Mzesine getirilen, 79.3-5
envanter numarasna kaytl 94
cm yksekliinde, 43 cm enindeki, 56 satrlk yazttan renmekteyiz. lk kez Hopa Opelt ve
Ernist Kristal tarafndan incelenen
ve yaynlanan yazttan, ehrin
M 270 yllarnda Aspendoslu
Aetosun zamannda kurulduu
anlalmaktadr. Aetosun, Msr
kral II. Ptolemynin kars (ayn zamanda kz kardei) adna kurduu
bu ehir tarihte kutsal kent olarak
yerini alacaktr. Akdeniz kylarnda kurulan birok ehre (Seleucia
rneinde olduu gibi) Arsinoe
ad verilmitir. Bilinen drt Arsinoe antik kenti iinde Bozyazda
bulunan kent, II. Arsinoe adna
ina edilmitir. Yaztta komu kent
Nagidosla (Bozyazda Belen olarak da bilinen mevkii) aralarnda
kan snr anlamazlnn giderildii ve iki nsha hazrlanan yaztn
birisinin Nagidosda Afrodit tapnana, dierinin Arsinoede kapal
kutsal bir alana yerletirildiinden
bahsedilmektedir.
Dou ve bat limanlar bulunan

Arsinoenin evresinde arazinin
eimine uyan kale surlar yer alr.
Bunlardan kulelerle takviyelendirilmi olan bat duvarlar gnmze olduka salam durumda
gelmitir.
i, ruhlarn dinlendirebilecei bir

alana gelmi olur. nk denize
doru burun biiminde uzanan
hkim bir tepe zerinde, Arsinoe kalntlar bulunmaktadr. Bu

noktadan Akdenizin her tondaki
Kente kuzeybat taraftan girdiinizde patika yolu takip ederseniz

birok yap kalntsnn neredeyse
tamamen tahrip olduunu grr-

Zengin iecek eitleri,

Damak tadnza uygun esiz lezzetleri,
Huzurlu bahesi ile hizmetinizde.

ilerlediinizde, hemen aada

Toslak koyunun stnde kilise
yaplarn grrsnz. Arsinoe 6.
yzyl balarnda bir piskoposluk merkezi olduundan, blgeye inan turizmi amacyla gelen
gruplarn da ilgisini ekecektir.
ren yerinde Erken Bizans
Dnemine ait sadece temel izleri
kalm kilise yaps grlmektedir. Bu yaplar kesme ve moloz
tatan ina edilmi bazilika plan
zelliklerini koruyarak zamanmza kadar gelmitir.
Yan yana sralanm Roma, Erken
Bizans Dnemlerine ait evler vardr. Ancak bunlarn arasnda net
bir ekilde Roma Evi diyebileceimiz bir yap yoktur. Bu yaplar
Erken Orta ada terk edilmi
ve tekrar yerleim grmemitir.
Toslak koyunu fotoraflayp, kilise

ve bazilika yaplarn grdkten
sonra aaya kuzeybatya doru
ilerleyerek otobse geri dnlr.
Dn yolu zerinde yine mezar
ve ev kalntlar grlmektedir. Bu
tur, fotoraf molalaryla yaklak
bir saatte tamamlanr. Bu kentin
gezilmesi her hangi bir crete tabi
deildir. Bu yzden rehberler ve
acentalar iin gizli kalm bir kentin
kefi olarak da tantlabilir.
Bu kentin program ierisine

yerletirilmesi, gruba yeni
bir keif yapmasna heyecan katacaktr.
snz.
Bunlardan bazlar, Anemuriumda
grdnz (Bkz. ARO Dergi say
1, Adm Adm Anemurium) mezar
yaplarn andrr. ki katl, kubbeli,
ksmen st rtleri mozaiklerle

ssldr. Tonoz atl rnekleri
de mevcuttur.
Bu yaplardan nce yukar sonra
kuzey douya doru patika yoldan
Henz yeterince kefedilememi

bu kenti geride brakp geldiimiz
yoldan ana yola ktktan sonra,
Bozyaz istikametine devam ederken yaklak 200 m sonra yine bir
levha grlr. Bu levha, hkim bir
tepe zerinde yer alan ve Arsinoe
antik kentinden de grlen Softa
Kalesinin levhasdr. Kale, yoldan
200 m ieridedir. Kalenin yapm
tarihi konusunda henz kesin bir
arkeolojik veriye ulalmamtr.
Surlar yer yer iyi korunmu durumda olup, oval bir plana sahiptir.
Roma kaynaklarndaki ad Syce
behind and move on for about

500 m., you reach the ancient
city of Arsinoe, which is known
as the Maras site, standing on a
hill stretched out into the sea as
a cape and overlooking it, within
the boundaries of the village of
Cubukkoyagi.
The place we reach by our vehicle
is the northwest of the ancient city
of Arsinoe.
This city stretching into

the sea is locally referred
to today as the Maras Hill
amongst the inhabitants.
Here, your group will have reached
an area where they can find themselves and rest their souls at the
end of a long journey, because
there are the ruins of Arsinoe
on the hill stretched out into the
sea as a cape and overlooking
it. While watching the blues and
greens of the Mediterranean in
all its wonderful tones from this
point, on the other side they will
come face to face with history
everywhere they turn their heads.
Now, lets have a look at how this
ancient city was found and the
origin of its name.
When conveying information
about this place, the Ancient geographer Strabo from Amaseia
says: After Anemurium, the first
city Nagidos, and then an anchoring place Arsinoe is reached.
We learn information concerning the foundation of the city and
its relations with the neighboring
ancient city of Nagidos from the
56-line inscription brought to the
Mersin Museum in 1976, which
is registered in the inventory as
No. 79.3-5, with a height of 94
cm. and a width of 43 cm. It is
understood from the inscription,
which was first examined and published by Hopa Opelt and Ernist
Kristal, that the city was founded
in 270s B.C., during the reign of
Aetos from Aspendos. This city,
which was founded by Aetos and

was given the name of the wife
of Ptolemy II, the Egyptian king
(who was also Ptolemy IIs sister),
will take its place as a holy city in
history. Many cities founded along
the Mediterranean coastline were
called Arsinoe (as in the case of
Seleucia).
At this historical site, there are the

remains of three churches dating
from the Early East Roman (Byzantine) Period to be seen, only the
foundation traces of which remain
insitu. These structures have survived until today, preserving their
basilica plan and constructed from
cut stone and stone rubble.
The city in Bozyazi among the four

known ancient cities of Arsinoe
was built in the name of Arsinoe
II. In the inscription, it is mentioned
that the border dispute with the
neighboring city Nagidos (the site
also known as Belen in Bozyazi)
was eliminated and one of the
inscription, which was prepared
as two copies, was placed in the
temple of Aphrodite in Nagidos,
and the other in a covered sacred
place in Arsinoe.
There are also houses side by

side dating from the Roman and
Early East Roman (Byzantine) Periods. However, there is no structure among them that can clearly
be termed a Roman House. These
structures were abandoned in the
Early Middle Age and they were
never inhabited again.
Castle walls are located around

Arsinoe, which has eastern and
western ports, conforming to the
slope of the land. Of these, the
western walls which are fortified
with towers have survived until
today remaining in a quite sound
condition.
When you enter the city from the
northwest, if you follow the pathway, you will see that many ruins
have been almost completely destroyed.
Some of them remind of the tomb
structures you see in Anemurium
(see ARO Quarterly Issue 1, Anemurium Step by Step). They are
two-storey, domed, and some are
decorated with mosaics. There are
also examples with vaulted-roofs.
When you move on from these
structures, first upwards and then
towards the northeast along the
pathway, you will see the church
structures lying immediately below, overlooking Toslak Bay. As
Arsinoe was an episcopal centre
in the early 6th century, this site
will also attract the attention of
groups coming to the region for
religious tourism.
After photographing the Toslak

Bay and seeing the church and
the basilica structures, you move
back down towards the northwest and return to the bus. More
tomb and the ruins of houses can
again be seen on the way back to
the bus. This tour is completed in
about an hour with photo breaks.
Visiting this ancient city is not subject to any charges. Therefore, it
can also be introduced as discovery of a hidden city for both tour
guides and agencies.
Putting this city in the tour programme will give an excitement to the group as if they
have made a new discovery.
After leaving behind this city which
is not yet suffiently known and
returning to the high way from the
road we have come, a sign is seen
after about 200 m. when proceeding in the direction of Bozyazi.
This is the sign for Softa Castle
which is on an overlooking hill
and which can also be seen from
the ancient city of Arsinoe. The
castle is 200 m. from the road. No
definitive archaeological data has
yet been obtained regarding the
date of construction of the castle
as it has not been excavated al
temi tonozlu olup, byk lde

yklmtr. Kale giriinin sonunda
bulunan ve duvarlar halen ayakta
olan yapnn cami, bir rampa ile
ulalan meknn ise saray olduu
tahmin edilmektedir.
Sur duvarlarna yakn ina edilmi kk lekte Ge Roma
Dnemine ait hamam yer almaktadr. Bu yaplar dnda Roma ve
Bizans Dnemlerinde kullanlm
olan ileri sval ok sayda sarn
bulunmaktadr.
Bu kale son olarak Karamanoullar zamannda iskn edilmitir.

Anamur Kalesinin fethi srasnda
anlatlan menkbeden bu kalenin
Seluklu Ertoku Bey tarafndan
ele geirildikten sonra imar edildii
kaydedilmektedir.
Anemurium
Nagidos
Arsinoe
Softa Kalesi
ya da Sycae olarak geen bu

kent gnmzde Softa Kalesi olarak bilinmektedir.
Kalenin bat tarafna yakn olan
alanda bir patika yolla yukarya
klr. Bat surlarnn ortasnda
yer alan giri kapsnn savunma
gc bir ara meknla arttrlmtr.
Giri kapsndan ieriye girdiimizde d kale ve i kale surlarndan
oluan, ok geni bir alana yaylm olan kalenin gney yamala-
rnda yer alan yap gruplar grlr. Bu yap kalntlarnn eski bir
liman kenti olan Arsinoeye kadar
uzand da buradan baktnzda
grlmektedir.
Kale iinde hala orijinalliini koruyan merdivenlerle surlarn zerine klarak esiz bir manzara,
Nagidos (Bozyaz), Anemurium
(Anamur) ve Arsinoe antik kentleri
grlebilir.
Kalenin genel olarak st rt sis-
Kalenin gney yamacnda ise iki

katl bir mezar yaps grlr ki
bu Anemurium antik kentindeki
mezar yaplarna benzemektedir.
almada, bugne kadar belki
nnden birok kez geilen ama
ok da bilinmedii iin zerinde
durulmayan iki nemli yerleim
tantlmaya allmtr. Bylelikle
siz deerli rehberlere, seyahat
acentas yneticilerine akademik
olarak bilgi verilmeye allmtr. Bu vesileyle blge turizminin
tantlmasna da bir para katkda
bulunulduu umulmaktadr.
Bu yaznn hazrlanma aamasnda emei geen deerli dostum,
Anamur Mzesinde grevli arkeolog Murat Kalasa ve Anamur
Mze Mdr Sayn Ramazan
Pekere teekkr bir bor bilirim.
though there are several ancient

rock cut tombs just beyond the
west fortification walls indicating
is foundation may date back to
the 3rd century B.C. Its walls are
well preserved in places, and the
castle has an oval plan. This city,
the name of which is referred to as
Syce or Sycae in the Roman
sources, and called Sij in the 14th
century Latin sources, is known
today as Softa Castle.
You move up to it via a pathway
in the area close to the western
side of the castle. The defensive
power of the entrance located in
the middle of the western walls is
increased through an intermediate
space.
When entered from the entrance,
the structure groups located on
the southern slopes of the castle,
which consists of inner and outer
walls and which are spread over
a vast area, can be seen. When
looked at from here, it can be seen
these ruins extend to Arsinoe an
ancient port city, although in the
Middle Ages the port seems not
to have been located at Arsinoe,
as there are no late Medieval remains there.
A unique landscape, the ancient
cities of Nagidos (Bozyazi), Anemurium (Anamur), and Arsinoe
can be seen by getting onto the
castle walls from the stairs in the
castle which still preserve their
authenticity.
during the Roman and East Roman (Byzantine) and in later periods and the interiors of which
in many cases still retain their
surfacing of waterproof plastering.
This castle was last occupied during the rule of the Karamanids. In
the legend relating the conquest of
Anamur Castle, it is recorded that
this castle was reconstructed after
being captured by the Seljuk commander Mbariz ed-Din Ertoku
emir-i sawahil, atabeg and subasi
and his naval forces in 1225.
And a two-storey tomb structure
remains on the southern slope of
the castle, which is similar to the
tomb structures in the ancient city
of Anemurium.
In this study, two important settlements, which people rapidly
passby on the main coastal road

maybe many times but which
are largely unknown, have been
introduced and some scientific
information has been been given
here for our valuable tour guides
and travel agencies. In this article
it is hoped that some contribution
has been made to the promotion
of tourism within this region.
I am indebted to my dear friend
Murat Kalas, an archaeologist in
the Anamur Museum, and to Mr.
Ramazan Peker, the Director of
the Anamur Museum, who have
helped in the preparation of this
article. For further on Softa castle see: T. M. P. Duggan, Some
Localizations in Western Cilicia
Relating to the 1225 Campaign
of Sultan Alaed-Din Keykubat,
Anadolu ve evresinde Ortaa,
Vol. 5, June, 2012, 221-238
The roofing system employed in

the castle is in general vaulting,
and has largely collapsed. It is
thought that the structure at the
end of the entrance to the castle,
the walls of which are still standing, was a mosque, and the space
that can be reached through a
ramp was formerly the palace.
There is a small bath-house dating
from the Late Roman Period built
close to the castle walls. Other
than these structures, there are
many cisterns which were used
Yz Yllk Destan: Hamidiye Kruvazr

ve Hseyin Rauf Bey
Kahraman Hamidiye ve svarisi

Hseyin Rauf Beyle (Orbay) silah
arkadalarnn aziz anlarna saygyla...
beklemitir. eklinde ifade edilen
koy, gnmzde ayazndan
hareketle (antik Andriake liman)
Kekova turu yapan teknelerin
nnden getii, Gkkaya ve Kaleky (Simena) arasndaki koydur.
M. Edip ZGR,
Arkeolog - Rehber
Dile kolay, tam bir yzyl

geti, Kahraman Hamidiye ve svarisi Hseyin
Rauf Beyle (Orbay) silah
arkadalarnn Akdeniz
sularnda yazd destan
gnlerinin ardndan.
Denizcilik tarihinde Hamidiye kruvazrnn akn harekat olarak
adlandrlan ve yabanc sava gemilerinin korkulu ryas haline gelen harekatn, 25-26 ubat 1913
gnlerinde, Kekova Adasnn
rzgar altna girip demirleyerek,
hava kalncaya kadar bu koyda
1913 knn canavarlaan denizlerinde tam 7 ay 24 gn sreyle; Adalar Denizinden Svey

Kanalna, Kzldenizden Adriyatik
Denizine uzanan 10.500 millik
harekatn aziz ansn yaatan tek
kedir Hamidiye koyu.
Akdeniz tarihinde ei benzeri olmayan, stelik koca

Osmanl mparatorluunun
k yllarnda yrtlen
bu harekat, Hamidiyenin
denizcileri tarafndan ky
kayalarna boyanan iki Trk
bayra lmszletirmitir.
Hamidiye kruvazrnn aknlarnn sebep ve sonularn zetlemeden nce, konu tarihi erevesinde yle zetlenebilir:
Bilindii gibi, Birinci Dnya

Savandan nce Osmanlnn
Balkanlardaki son topraklarn
kaybetmesiyle sonulanan Balkan Savalar (1912-1913) Osmanl mparatorluunun sonunu
hazrlayan savalardr. Dier bir
deyile Balkan Savalarnn yenilgisi, devrilmek zere olan 600
yllk koca narn ilk atrtlardr.
Trk halkn byk bir zntye ve
yasa boan bu yenilginin aclarn
Hseyin Rauf Beyin komutasndaki Hamidiye zrhlsnn kahramanlklar hafifletmi, gnllerde
alan yaralar onun sayesinde
biraz olsun sarlmtr.
Daha da nemlisi, Hamidiye ve
svarisi Rauf Bey, saladklar
baarlarla, ordu ve silah arkadalar zerindeki okun abuk atlatlmasn salayarak, sadece 18
ay sonra asker arkada Mustafa
Kemalin Anafartalarda yazaca
destann esin kayna olmutur.
phe yok ki, tarihte yaanan her
olay hazrlayan sebepler ve ardnda brakt sonular vardr. Dier
bir deyile; tarih iinde anlatlmaya

allan olaylar sebep ve sonularyla anlatlmazsa, tarihsellikten
kp masallarlar. Bu balamda,
Hamidiye zrhlsnn akn harekatn hazrlayan askeri nedenleri ve
harekat gnlkleri ve sonularn,
Rauf Beyin veya silah arkadalarnn azndan, yani birinci elden
hazrlanan kaynaklardan almak
en doru yntemdir. Bu cmleden
olarak, Hamidiye zrhlsnn 13
Ocak 1913 gn anakkaleden
balayp, ayn yln 07 Eyllnde
stanbulda sonlanan aknc harekatnn askeri nedenleri deniz
Albay Tevfik nci tarafndan u
satrlarla aklanmaktadr:
talya, 30 senedir azn sulandran, itahn kabartan Trablusu
yutmak suretiyle, Osmanl
mparatorluunun imali Afrika
ile son rabtasn da kesip attktan
sonra, harp sahnesinden ekildi.
Fakat ekilirken de yerini frsat
kollayan bir ksm Balkanl devletlere terk etti. Bylece Osmanl
mparatorluu, henz talya harbinin yaralarn sarp sarmalamaya,
derlenip toparlanmaya vakit ve
imkan bulamadan Balkan Harbi
badiresinin iine yuvarland.
talya harbinin mukadderat,
Trkiyenin denizlerde gzkmesine, esmesine bal olduu
halde, Trkiye deil denizlerde
hareketlenmek, yal boylarndan
kara sularna bile alamamt.
Peki, Osmanl donanmas nerede
idi? 4 zrhl, 5 kruvazr, 10 muhrip,
15 torpido, 19 korvet, 20 motorgambot olmak zere 73 paradan
ibaret olan Osmanl donanmas,
ne iin talyann karsna dikilememiti? nk Osmanl mparatorluu, hayali bir donanmaya
sahipti. Devletin kadrosunda ve
kat zerinde gzken 73 para harp gemimizin ekserisi harp
kifayetlerini kaybetmi, bir ksmnn nesilleri dahi oktan mnkariz
olmutu (tkenmiti). Aralarnda
istifade edilebilecek olanlar ancak;
4 adet mrlerini tamamlam
zrhl, 2 muhafazal kruvazr,
2 torpido kruvazr, 3 korvet, 8
Hamidiye Svarisi Kdemli Yzba Hseyin Rauf Bey
muhrip, 15 kk torpido ve 17
khne gambottan ibaretti. Bunlar
da, hepsi yepyeni ve modern gemilerden mteekkil olan talyan
donanmasnn karsna kacak
kudrette deillerdi.
Ne hazindir ki, birok adalara ve
Avrupa, Asya ve Afrika ktalarnda,
hassas olduu kadar da muazzam
deniz hudutlarna sahip bulunan
Osmanl mparatorluu gibi koskoca bir deniz devleti, kck
Yunanistandan bile daha kudretli
bir donanmaya malik deildi.

Deniz hudutlarmza ve denizlere
byle bir m hissizlii (kr duyarszl) ile bakmamzn kefaretini
talya harbinde pek ar surette
dememize ramen, denizlere bu
derece hyanetimizin cezasn tamamyla ekmi deildik. Balkan
Harbi de sillesini indirerek, hak
ettiimiz dersi o da verecekti.
talya harbinin hkm srd
bir senedir, ancak anakkalede,
zayf bir duruma drecekti. Bu

da Trk donanmasna stnlk
bahederek, Ege adalarnn geri
alnmasna imkan verecekti.
Yunan donanmas kuvvet

tefrikine (ayrmna) yanamad takdirde, kruvazrmz serbest kalacak, Yunan
sahillerini, ticaret ve nakliye
filolarn vuracakt.
Meclis-i Harp
Akdeniz Boazn bekleyen ihtiyar

Osmanl donanmas, bakm ve
tamire muhta bir vaziyette Balkan
Harbini karlad. talyan donanmasnn nispet kabul etmeyecek
derecedeki stnl dolaysyla,
Trkiye-talya harbinde pasif kalarak faal bir rol oynayamayan
donanmamz, Balkan Harbinde
ansn deneyecekti. Trk donanmasna Akdenizde iki vazife dyordu. Birincisi; Yunan
donanmasn imha ederek deniz
hakimiyetini salamak ve bu suretle, harbin banda Yunanistann
el abukluu yaparak igal etmi
olduu Boazn Adalar ile Ege
Adalarn geri almakt. kincisi,
Yunanistann askeri ve iktisadi
nakliyatn vurmakt.
Osmanl mparatorluunun kaderini, tesadfe terk eden bir devrin,
sebepsiz yere gnahn tayan
Osmanl donanmas, o gnk haliyle bu iki vazifeden birini dahi laykyla baaracak kudrette deildi.
nk Yunan nakliyatn vurmak
zere ana kuvvetten bir filo ayrld takdirde, donanmamzn her
iki paras da, Yunan donanmas
karsnda ok zayf bir duruma
decekti. Bu bakmdan Osmanl
donanmasn ikiye blmeyi hi
kimse dnmyordu. u halde,
denizler Yunan donanmasna terk
edilecekti. Osmanl donanmas
da ancak, Boaz nnde Yunan
donanmasyla bouacakt. Bu
vaziyet karsnda Yunanistan;
ticaret filosunu serbeste gezdirecek, denizlerde rahata askeri

nakliyatn yapacak, sahillerini
emniyette bulunduracakt. Olur
ey deildi bu. Artk bu kadarna
da hibir Trk denizcisinin gnl
raz olamazd.
Yunan donanmasnn imhas
kadar ticaret ve nakliye filolarn
vurmak, sahillerini bombardman
etmek de mhimdi. Osmanl donanmas iki filoya ayrlacak kudrette olmadna gre, u halde
bu muamma nasl halledilecekti?
Buna kimsenin akl ermiyordu.
Fakat bu dmn zlmesi gecikmedi. Gen bir deniz subay,
hibir malumu bulunmayan bu
aprak muadeleyi hallediverdi.
Bu subay, Hamidiye kruvazrnn
gen komutan kdemli yzba
Rauf Beydi. Bu husustaki teklifini
alakal makamlara arz etti.
O, bu husustaki dncesini u
ana hatlarla ekillendiriyordu. O,
Hamidiye ile Akdenize alacak,
Yunan sahillerini de, ticaret ve
nakliye filolarn da yalnz bana
vuracakt. Bu takdirde, Yunan hkmeti, sahillerinin ve nakliyatnn
emniyetini salamak zere, ya
Averof gibi en yeni ve kudretli
bir kruvazrn, yahut , drt
kuvvetli muhrip himayesinde bir
zrhlsn, Akdeniz Boaz nndeki filodan ayrarak, Hamidiyenin
peine salacakt. Bu vaziyet,
esas harekatn yrtlecei Ege
Blgesinde Yunan donanmasn
Osmanl donanmas, anakkaleden Akdenize almak imkanlarna sahip olmadna gre,

Yunan donanmasnn hkim olduu denizlerde, Hamidiyenin yalnz bana kendi emniyetini nasl
salayaca, su, kmr ve erzak
gibi zaruri ihtiyalarn ne surette
temin edecei mevzusuna gelince; Hamidiye svarisi, kruvazrn
tad aknc ruha gvenerek,
gemisinin bu ii baaracak kudrette olduuna inanyordu. kmal
ileri de devletler hukukunun bahettii imkanlardan ve Akdenizdeki sahillerimizden faydalanmak
suretiyle dzenlenecekti.
Hamidiye svarisi Rauf Beyin
ana hatlar yukarda belirtilen fikri Bakomutanla olduka cazip grnd. Ayrca Donanma
Komutanlnca da itirazsz kabul
edildi. Nihayet bu mevzuda bir
emir, bakomutan vekili Nazm
Paadan kt.
Grev emrini bizzat amiral gemisi
Barbaros zrhlsnda donanma
komutanndan alan Rauf Bey,
derhal gemisine dnd ve hi vakit
geirmeden kendi harp meclisini
kurdu. Bundan sonrasn Rauf
beyin seyir subay stemen
Fahriden (Emekli amiral Fahri
Engin) alalm:
Rauf Bey, ahsi teebbs ve
inisiyatifi ile Bakumandanlktan
Averofu kendi zerine ekmek
amacyla Akdenizde bir aknc
harekete kmay rica etti ve gereken msaadeyi ald.
Hamidiyede Harp Meclisi kurdu.

Bu mecliste Rauf Bey reis, ben,
arkba Mahmut Bey, Topu
komutan yzba Ziya, ve topu temen Mehmet Ali (Oramiral
Mehmet Ali lgen) de aza idik.
Bize Akdeniz harekatna kmaklmzn memleketimizin ve donanmamzn erefi namna mhim
olduunu u szlerle izah etti:
Vatan bu menhus Balkan harbinde kendi evlatlarndan fedakarlk
ve kahramanlk bekliyor. Trk ordusunda grdnz bozulma
hareketleri iyi sevk ve idarenin
mevcut olmamasndan neet ediyor (kaynaklanyor).
Trk askeri iyi sevk ve idare edilirse, yle kahramanlklar yaratr
ki, dnya hayretler ierisinde kalr.
Trk adalarn Yunanllar birer
birer igal ediyor. Biz, hareketsiz kalyoruz. Akdenize alrz.
Averof peimize taklrsa ne ala,
donanmamz kar, adalar kurta-
rr. Taklmazsa, Yunan ticaretini,

nakliyatn ve adalarn vururuz.
Hi olmazsa arkadalarmza bir
rnek oluruz. Hepinizden bu harekatta azami fedakarlk beklerim.
Bundan sonra bu k hareketini
tanzim etmek zere bir plan hazrlamam bana emretti.
Plan iine, Rauf Beyle fikir teatisinde bulunarak baladm ve
Hamidiyenin gece yarsndan
sonra, anakkale Boazndan
karak Gelibolu Yarmadas kylar yaknndan Dedeaa istikametine doru bir seyir takip
etmesine karar verdik.
13 Ocak 1913 gn saat 17:35 de
Naradan hareket edildi.
Barbaros Hayrettin zrhlsnn
provasndan (nnden) dolatktan sonra, birden bir kar tipisi
bastrd. Gz gz grmyordu.
Ksetabya aklarnda demirlemeye mecburiyet hasl oldu.
Deniz burada derin olduundan,

iskele demirimiz beinci kilitten
krld ve bu suretle bir kymetli
demirimizi kaybetmi olduk. Tekrar hareket ederek, Ksetabyaya
yakn otuz kula derinlikteki
suya demirledik.
Btn gemiler ve sahille irtibatmz
kesmi bulunuyorduk. mecburen
hareketimizi bir gn sonraya tehir
ettik. Ertesi gn yani 14 Ocak gn
Mecidiye kruvazr ile birlikte, boazdan kmaya teebbs ettik.
anakkale Boaznda bulunan
Erenky Krfezine demirledik ve
Mecidiye kruvazr boazdan
darya karak keif harekatnda
bulundu. Gerek telsiz muhaberelerimizin dinlenmesinden, gerek
anakkalede bulunan Rumlarn
casusluklarndan ekindiimiz
iin, hareketleri rtmek mecburiyetinde idik. Gemide gaz tenekelerinin iine kl koyarak, zerlerine
de petrol dkerek bir yangn taklidi
yaptk.
Hamidiye Zabitan
temen Erberk nam u satrlarla

anlatmaktadr:
Makianalar tam yol ileri,
Mrettebat sava yerlerine,
Toka sancak.
Amasya Tamimi: Ali Fuat (Cebesoy), Mustafa Kemal ve Hseyin Rauf
ki eski dost; iki eski silah arkada; Mustafa Kemal, Hseyin Rauf
Hakikaten simsiyah dumanlar

Hamidiyeyi kaplad ve telsizle de donanma komutanlna; Gemide yangn tehlikesi
geiriyoruz, yangn nlemek
zereyiz, bu geceyi Erenky Limannda geirip, yarn
donanmaya iltihak edeceiz tarznda bir telsiz verdik.
Mecidiye kruvazr geldi ve bize
gemi olsun diyerek yanmzdan geti. Mecidiye kumandan
bizim vaziyetimizi bildirdi. Fakat
mrettebat bilmedii iin, onlar
limana gidince, bilhassa sahilde
yangn haberini yaydlar.
madirek Adas ile mroz Adas

arasndan (mroz ve Limni) adalarnn bat cephesinden - yani Selanik tarafndan- geerek, Mikroni
Boazna* doru seyre baladk.
Bir gn evvel kar yamt. Bu gece
de durmakszn imekler akt.
O gece yarsna doru, Erenky

nlerinden zifiri karanlkta hareket
ettik. Btn klarmz sndrmtk. Plan mucibince, Gelibolu
Yarmadas kysna yakn, kuzey
istikametinde seyre baladk. Se-
nk o tarihte henz daha fes

giyiliyordu. Saat 12de ira Adas
nne varld. (Kyklad adalarndan Syros adas)
Gvertede dolaarak, vazife gren

subay ve erlere yamur balklar
ve kamsele** giydirildi. Bundan
maksat da Mikroni Boazndan
geerken, Yunan adalarndaki
insanlarn, bayrak tamayan bir
kruvazr ve mrettebatn,Trk
zannetmemeleri idi.
ira bombardmann deniz s-
* Mykenos ile Tenos Adalar aras / ** Balkl gemici yamurluu / ***Demir atmadan durma
Geride braklan 45 dakikalk bir

zamanda bu komutlar, Hamidiye
Gemisinin gen komutannca verilmi ve gemi nazl bir gelin gibi ra
nlerine gelmi istaper*** etmiti.
Hamidiye, uluslararas filama iaretiyle liman bakann gemiye ard ve Yunan yardmc kruvazr
Makedonyann yaknlarndaki ngiliz ilebine de derhal limandan
kmasn ihtar etti.
Rauf Bey, yapt ihtarlarn sonucunu beklerken, Hamidiye,
Gaydaros ve Aspro adacklar
arasndan szlerek, saat 12:23te
limanda bulunan barut ve dinamit
fabrikas nne gelmiti. Deniz
kurdu Rauf Orbay, Hamidiyenin
topu yzbasTekirdal Mustafa
Ziyaya bombalanacak hedefleri
bildirdikten sonra,At serbest
komutunu verdi. Bu komutu byk
bir sabrszlkla saatlerdir bekleyen topular, 2800 metre uzaklktan 12 ve 4,7 santimlik toplarla
ate atlar.
Toplarn grlemesiyle kydaki fabrikann byk bir ksm havaya
utu. Toplar yeniden grlediler.
Her yeni grlemeyi, kyda yeni
patlamalar izledi. Fabrika tmyle yok oldu. Depolardan biri de
fabrikann akbetine urad. At
20 dakikadan az srmt. 21
adet 12 santimlik adi humbara
ve 5 adet 4,7 santimlik mermi
atmlard.
Bir sre sonra ra nne dnlnce Makedonya yardmc
kruvazrnn toplarn ata hazrlamakta olduu ve dalgakrann arkasna doru ekildii grlyordu. Aleksandria adl ngiliz
bandral ilep birinci uyarmaya
aldrmamt. Rauf Bey, bu aldrmazla kzm, Hamidiyenin
iaret subayna, yeni bir komut
vermiti;
Kltr Merkezi
Tel: 0384 511 48 59 - 511 38 93

Yeni Mh. .E. Yolu No:1 AVANOS-NEVEHR-KAPADOKYA
www.kapadokya-motif.com
da bulunan byk iki bacal Makedonya snfndan bir vapurun

tahrip edildii ve ehre bir gna
hasar olmad ve donanma kumandanlna teblii maruzdur.
Kumandan Rauf Bey ve Topu Zabiti Ziya Bey
Derhal demirini ya brakarak,

ya keserek hemen liman terk et...
Ate aacam diye ngiliz ilebine iaret kaldrn.
aret verildii halde ilepte bir
hareket olmaynca, ilebin yaknna bir iki mermi savurun komutuyla 7,7 santimlik bir iki mermi
ilebin yanna su stunlar kartt,
ilep iin aka gtrr bir yn
olmadn anlad.
Hemen kalkyorum, iaretini
ekti ve derhal demir alp uzaklat.
Bu srede rada birok konut
tarafsz uluslarn bayraklarn ekiyorlar bir ksm topluluk teknelerini kyya ekmee alyorlar,
dier bir ksm da saa sola kouuyorlard. ray tam bir korku
sarm, toplum panik iindeydi.
Makedonya ya gelince, tek bana Hamidiye ile bir sava gze
alamadndan s sulara sokulmak iin olanca gcyle alrken
gvertelerinde akn koumalar
ve atmalar grlyordu.
Hamidiyenin toplar 2900 metreden Makedonyaya evrilmi,
tm mrettebat sabrszlkla at
komutunu beklemekteydiler. Saat
12yi 50 gee at izniyle birlikte
12 ve 4,7 santimlik toplar grlemee balamt. lk mermilerden
bir tanesi Makedonya ba topu

srasnda her iki bordasn paralayarak, delip geti ve rhtmdaki
elektrik fabrikasnn kazanna arpp patlatt. Geminin zerini aan
iki mermi telgrafhaneyi yerle bir
etti. Bir mermi de bir baka konutta
patlad. Makedonya da ba top
mrettebatndan sonra dierleri
de panie kaplm, geminin her
ynnden denize dklrcesine
atlyorlard. Rauf Bey, dmann
pek gszne attklarn belirtmekten geri kalmamt. Atlan
mermilerin tm de Makedonyay
bulmu ve yangn karmt gemide. Hele bir tanesi de geminin
cephaneliine rastlaynca, iten
patlamalarla s suyun derinliine
iyice gmld.
33 dakika sren top at srasnda
Hamidiye 23 adet 12 santimlik
ve 5 adet 4,7 santimlik mermi
atm ve sonradan yzdrlen
Makedonyann onarm iin de
100.000 ngiliz liras bir denek
gerekmiti.
Hamidiye saat 13:24te Renea
Adasnn gney burnunu tam yolla bordalad (dnd) ve radan
ayrld. Bakomutanla verdii
telsiz raporu yleydi:
Bugn badezzeval saat 12:50de
radaki barut fabrikasyla liman-
Saat 14:00de radan kan

Hamidiye, rotasn 117 dereceye
evirdi. Srekli olarak 18 mille bir
buuk saat seyirden sonra saat
15:33te Denezo Adasnn kuzey
burnundan 192 dereceye dnd
ve Denezo ile Naka Adalar arasna yol verdi. Bir sre daha geti.
Pars ve Amovos Adalar arasndaki kanal da gerilerde kald. Hamidiye Kalotar Burnunun 3 mil ynnden 154 derece rotasna girdi. Bu
sralarda saat 17:00yi gsteriyor
ve batda gne batyordu. Artk
Hamidiye ana hedefi ynnde
seyredebilirdi. Saat 17:30da hzn 12 mile drd. Astorupalya
ile Anaphi arasndan getii srada saat 22:30 sularndayd. Girit
dousundaki Sidero Burnunun
15 mil kuzeyinden 190 dereceye
dmen krp saat 23:05te Sidero
Burnunu bordalad.
Bylece 15 Ocak 1913 aramba
gn zafer dolu bir gn olarak
geride braklm oluyordu. Hamidiye Kruvazr Komutan Kdemli
Yzba Hseyin Rauf Bey verilen
grevleri imdiye dek en iyi bir
ekilde yapmaya altklarn dnyordu kpr stnde.
ra bombardmannn ardndan
stanbula dnne kadar yapt
aknlar ve akl almaz harekatlarla
Akdenizin korkulu ryas olan Hamidiye hem bata Averof zrhls
olmak zere Yunan donanmasn
akna evirmi, hem de btn
nakliye planlarn alt st etmitir.
En byk darbeyi de Adriyatikteki ingin ve Dra limanlarndaki
cepheye srlmek zere Srp
askerleriyle doldurulmu 6 Yunan gemisine vurarak sz edilen
sevkiyatn durmasn salamtr.
Bu aknlar arasnda bata skenderun, Beyrut, skenderiye, Cidde,
Hudeyde, Svey, Portsaid, Malta, Gazze, Hayfa limanlar olmak
zere birok limandan kmr, su

ve erzak alma harekatlarnn her
biri bir romana konu olacak ierik
ve renkliliktedir.
Gerek sivil gerekse askeri heyetleri limandan limana ulatrmak, gerekse cephane ve maddi
desteklerin sevkiyat da saysz
harekatlar arasnda yer alr. Her
gittii limanda halkn byk sevgi
gsterileri ile karlanrlar.
Ancak bugn film gibi, roman gibi
anlattmz bu olaylarn kahramanlarnn ektikleri glkleri,
atklar zorluklar kelimenin tam
anlamyla bir Allah bir kendileri
bilir. demek en z tmcesidir. Bu
da yaadmz topraklar kimlere
borlu olduumuzu bir kez daha
dndrmelidir. Adriyatik sahillerine planlanan yeni bir harekat
ncesini; Antalyamz ve sahillerini de kapsad iin zellikle
stgm. E. NAMn satrlarndan
nakletmek isterim:
Kbrs adas aklarnda Marmaris

ynnde rota izerken iddetli
bir frtnaya yakalanan Hamidiye,
Meis Adasnn 18 mil dousunda
bulunan Kekova Adasnn rzgar
altna girip demirleyerek hava kalncaya kadar bekledi. Mrettebat
istirahat etti, kazanlarn d temizlikleri ve baz tamirler yapld.
27 ubat 1913 Perembe gn
demir ald.
nce Antalyann 22 mil gneyindeki Tekirovasna sonra 28 ubat
1913 Cuma gn Antalyaya vard. Gda maddeleri ihtiyac tamamland. Antalyallar gemiyi byk
bir heyecanla gezdiler. Halk, her
gittii yerde olduu gibi Hamidiye
ve kahramanlarn barna bast.
Ayn gnleri Emekli Amiral Fahri

Engin yle anlatr:
Ayn gn (23 ubat) Gazzeden
hareket edilerek akamst Hayfa
Limanna demirlendi ve yz
elli ton kmr alnd. Ertesi gn
Hayfadan hareket edilerek, Beyrut Limanna demirlendi. 24 ubat
1913 gn Beyruttan hareketle
bat istikametinde seyre baland.
Mevsim k olduundan sk sk
frtnaya rastlyorduk. Bu defa da
hareketimizden drt saat sonra
iddetli lodos frtnas balad ve
bir aralk kasrga halini ald. Gemide herkes yatyordu.
Rzgarn iddeti; karayel, yldz
poyraza kadar istikamet deiiyordu. Dalgalar lodostan, frtna
Hamidiye 23 ubat 1913 Pazar

gn buradan (Hayfa) 350 ton
kmr ald ve leyin hareket etti.
Pazar Pazartesi gnne balayan gece yarsnda Beyruta vard.
Evvelce burada brakt filikasn ald, su ikmalini yapt. Rauf
Bey gemiye gelen, Binba Fevzi
Beyle grerek gelecekteki hareket ve ikmal ilerini dzenlediler.
Bahr-i - Ahmerde
24 ubat 1913 Pazartesi gecesi

saat 03:11de Hamidiye Beyruttan
demir ald ve Bakomutanla u
mesaj gnderdi:
Hayfadan 350 ton kmr alarak
Anamur sahili sslhareke ittihaz
ile Adalarda ve nmayi icrasna
teebbs edilecei ve bir iki gne
kadar Suriye sevalihine vrut edecek kmrden noksanmz ikmal
ile cephaneyi hamilen Yanya ve
Adriyatik sahiline hareket olunaca ve Anamur sahilinden Okmeydan telsizi ile badezzeval 10dan
nsflleyle kadar her gece muhabere iin muntazr bulunmalarna
ifadeleri maruz ve msterhamdr.
25-26 ubat 1913, Rauf Bey ve arkadalar Likya Kaya Mezarlar Ziyaretinde.
yksn de birinci elden

dinlemi olduk.
Hamidiyenin dn tek kelime
ile muhteem olur. oluk ocuk,
gen ihtiyar binlerce vatansever
zmir, anakkale ve stanbulda
defalarca sylediimiz; Balkan
Savalarnn yreklerde at
yangn biraz olsun sndren
kahraman gemiyi karlamaya koarlar. stgm. E. NAM bu
cokuyu u satrlarla ifade eder:
26 Austos 1913 Sal gn, Saat
08:15 sularnda nl Hamidiye
klavuz alp zmir Limanna giriyordu. Akdeniz Hafif Filotillas Komodorumuz Hamidiyeye
geldi ve trenle karland.
zmir Valisi ve protokolda bulunan
dier nemli kiiler de gemiye gelip
Hamidiyeyi sevgiyle karladlar.
Halk ise her eit tekne ile gece
sabaha kadar kruvazrmzn
evresinden ayrlmad, sevgi gsterilerinde bulundu. O zamanki
Donanmaya Yardm Cemiyeti,
Hamidiyenin yal boya bir tablosunu hediye etti. 27 Austos
1913 aramba gn Hamidiye
Komutan ve subaylar kendilerine
verilen ziyafette hazr bulundular.
28 Austos 1913 Perembe gn
Bakomutanlk u mesajla tebriklerini gnderiyordu:
Hamidiye Koyu Bayraklar
kuzeyden estii iin gemiyi idare

etmek glemiti. Kbrs dolaarak kuzey istikametine yol verdim.
Daimi bir ekilde yalpa yapa yapa
seyre devam ettik. Sratimizi de
ok azaltmak mecburiyetinde kaldk. Kendi kylarmzda snacak
bir liman aramak iin haritay ve
(Rehber-i Deryay) tetkike baladm. Bunlardan edindiim bilgiye
gre, hi gemi ura olmayan ve
haritada (Kakao) diye adlandrlm
bulunan Gkova koyuna gitmemizi
kumandana teklif ettim, kabul ettiler.
Gayet dar bir methalden geerek
limana girdik. Bu limanda ne insan,
ne gemi, ne canl bir ey vard. Ancak bir geminin geebilecei kadar
gayet dar i ie iki kk liman,
fakat nndeki kk ada, direkle-
rimizden yksek olduundan deniz

tarafndan grnmemiz mmkn
deildi. Adann yksek yerine bir
gzc karp vazifelendirdik. Gemi
mrettebat burada gzel istirahat
ettiler. Sahilde birok eski eserlere ve mezarlara rastladk. Orann
haritasn yapan Avusturyallar bir
tan zerine kendi bayraklarn
boyamlard. Biz de onu silerek,
Trk bayran boyadk ve burada
mrettebat biraz dinlendirmek iin
iki gn kaldk.
Bylece Kekova turu yapan

her rehber arkadam ve
misafirlerini selamlayan iki
bayran 100 yllk ilgin
zmirde Hamidiye Svariliine

cra ettiiniz hizmetten dolay tebrik ve beyan ho medi eylerim.
Bakumandan Vekili
Ahmet zzet
Hamidiye, 5 Eyll 1913 Cuma gn

zmir Limanndan vira demir ediyordu. Ertesi gn sabah anakkale
nlerine gelen Hamidiyeyi Bakomutanlk adna Binba mer Fevzi
Bey karlad. Hamidiye 3 Eyllde
zmirdeyken ald mesaj emrini
yerine getirmek, 7 Eyllde Modada
yaplacak yarmalarda bulunmak
zere, akam zeri anakkaleden
ayrld. zmirde karlanrken ve
ayrlrken olduu gibi burann halk
da grlmemi sevgi gsterilerinde
bulundular.
LYS - SBS
S
Cenap Dzgn
S
P
D e r s h a n e l e r i
Tel : 244 36 26
G
Z
T
R
A
E
ANTALYA
7 Eyll 1913 Kahraman Hamidiyenin stanbulda Karlan
Hamidiye, 7 Eyll 1913 Pazar

gn sabah Yeilkye varmt.
Sanki stanbul, Yeilkye akm,
bu nl gazi kruvazr karlyordu. Memleketin ileri gelen kiileri bir bir gemiye gelmi ve Rauf
Beyi tebrik etmilerdi. Hamidiye
Dolmabahe nnde stanbulu
ve Padiah 21 pare top atyla selamlamt. Erturul Yat ile
Modaya giden Padiaha refakat

edilmiti. Kruvazr sabaha kadar
Modada kalmt. Buraya kadar
anlatlanlardan daha nemlisi de
tarihimizde kahramanlklaryla hatrladmz Hamidiye ve Aknlarnn dnya deniz harp tarihinde yer
alm olmasdr. Bugn kruvazr
harbi veya akn harekat kavramlarn, dnya bahriyesine ilk tantan
Hamidiye Kruvazr olmu, bylece dnya bahriye literatrnde yer

alan gemi hviyetini kazanmtr.
Bu nemli noktay Alman imparatoru Wilhelmin Birinci Dnya Sava srasnda davet ettii Cemal
Paann yanndaki Rauf Beyin
elini tutarak Emdem Kruvazrmz de sizi taklit etti, fakat talihi
Hamidiye kadar yaver gitmedi
szleri ile ngiltere Hariciye Vekili
Mr. Edenin; Okul sralarndayken hepimizin btn gayesi,
ileride bir kruvazre komuta
ederek, Hamidiyeyi taklit etmek
ve onun svarisi gibi dnyann
hayranln zerimize ekmekti szleri aka vurgular.
Kahramanlklarn simgelemek amacyla devrin hkmeti 14 ubat 1914 tarihli

kararnameyle 394 adet tun
Hamidiye Madalyasnn mrettebata verilmesine karar
verir. Ayrca mrettebatn
her biri birer altn ile dllenHamidiye Madalyas basmna dair Sultan Read imzal rade-i Seniye 1913.
Kdemli Yzba Hseyin Rauf Komuta Masasnda
dirilmi ve birer derece terfi

ettirilmilerdir.
Destans tarihin bu noktasnda hakl
olarak hep bundan sonra ne oldu
diye sorulur. Sonrasn, anlatmdan
ok ana balklarla srdrerek tarihi
tamamlayabilmek dncesiyle;
Rauf Bey, 2 Temmuz 1913 tarihinde binbala ykselip 1913 yl
sonuna kadar Hamidiye komutan
olarak grevine devam eder.
8 Ocak 1914 tarihinde
ngilterede Elswick Shipyard tezgahlarnda inas bitmek zere olan
Sultan Osman zrhls komutanlna atanr. Paras dendii halde
ngilizler teslim trenine yarm saat
kala vazgeip gemiye el koyarlar,
Birinci Dnya Savann kokusunu
aldklarndan. Rauf Bey ve 1000 kiilik mrettebat Reit Paa vapuru
ile eli bo geri dner.
Enver Paann grevlendirilmesi ile Afganistan ve randaki ng.
Rus ve hatta Almanlarn ayaklandrd airetleri bastrd gnlerde
Mustafa Kemal anakkale destann yazmaktadr.
Yarbayla terfisi ile Bahriye erkan Harbiye Reisliine tayin edilir.
Mustafa Kemal ile sk dostluklar
bu yllarda balar.
1917 Rus htilalinden sonra Almanya ile yaptklar Brest-Litosvk
Mustafa Kemal ve Hseyin Rauf
Bar Konferansna Trk heyetinin

yesi olarak katlr.
Defalarca deien hkmetler ve grevlerden sonra 30 Ekim
1918de Bahriye Nazr olarak
Mondrosta masaya oturanlarn
banda Rauf Bey bulunur. Artk
lkenin uuruma itildii aka
anlalmtr. Bu nedenle 3 Mays
1919da askerlikten istifa edip arkadalaryla Ankaradaki arkada
20. Kolordu Komutan Ali Fuat Paa
ile buluur. 19 Maysta Samsuna
gelen Mustafa Kemalin SamsunHavza civar tehlikeli, Amasyada
bulualm telgraf zerine,
Amasyada buluan arkada 1.
maddesi Vatann btnl
olan Amasya Tamimini imzalarlar
ki, o Amasya Tamimi kuracaklar
yeni Cumhuriyetin ilk temel tadr.

Erzurum Kongresinde Mustafa Kemalle temsil heyetinde yer alp, Sivas Kongresinin
Bakan Yardmcln yrtr.
27 Aralkta Ankaraya beraber gidilir. Kazm Karabekir Paann teklifi
ile son Osmanl Mebusan Meclisine
katlmak zere stanbula gelen Rauf
Bey 16 Mart 1920de Mustafa Kemal
ile ortak alt iin ngilizler tarafndan Kara Vasf Beyle birlikte zorla
meclisten alnarak Benbow adl
gemiyle Maltaya srgne gnderilir.
21 Ekim 1921e kadar Polverista klasnda hapis kalan Rauf
Bey Lord Curzonun yeeni
Binba Rawlinsola takas edilerek, 11 Kasm 1921de tekrar
Ankaraya dner.
Geliinin ilk gnlerinde hastalanan Rauf Bey 21 Kasm 1921de
Nafia vekili grevi ile yeniden
meclise katlr. Kabul edilen, yeni
seim kanundan sonra yaplan
seimlerin ardndan stanbul milletvekili olarak 13 Temmuz 1922de
meclisteki 204 milletvekilinden
197sinin oyu ile Babakanlk ve
hkmeti kurma grevlerini zerine alr. 26 Austos zaferinin mjdesini Meclise Rauf Bey verir. Zaferden sonra 19 Eyllde Mustafa
Kemalle zmirde buluulur. smet
nnnn Mudanyaya gitmesine karar verilip, 29-30 Eyllde
beraber Ankaraya dnerler. 11
Ekimde Mudanya imzalanr. 17
Kasmda Sultan Vahdettinin
memleketten ayrld haberi alnr.
Lozanda toplanacak bar konferansna, Yusuf Kemal Beyin hastal sebebiyle istifas zerine Dileri Bakanlna getirilen smet
Paa, Rauf Beyin teklifi ile Murahhas Heyeti Bakan olarak Lozana
gnderilir. smet Paann yokluunda Dileri Bakanlna olduu gibi Milli Savunma Bakanlna
da vekalet eden Rauf Bey ile Lozan Andlamasn yapan smet
Paa arasnda anlamazlk kar.
Lozan Andlamasnn imzalanmasn mteakiben de Rauf Bey
13 Austos 1923 tarihinde babakanlktan istifa eder.
29-30 Ekim 1923 gecesi Cumhuriyet ilan edilir. Bundan sonra
Rauf Bey, Kazm Karabekir ve Ali
Fuat (Cebesoy) Paalar ve dier
otuz be milletvekiliyle birlikte Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Frkasn
kurarak muhalefete geer, fakat
ksa bir sre sonra parti kapanr.
Rauf Bey, 1926 ylnda tedavi
amacyla yurtdndayken stiklal
Mahkemeleri girdabna yle bir
srklenir ki, 9 yln yurtdnda
geirmek zorunda kalr. Aslnda
26 Ekim 1933 tarih ve 2330 sayl yasann 8. Maddesi ile affa
urad bildirilmise de yurda
dnmenin, hibir zaman kabul
etmedii suu kabul etmek anlamna geleceinden dnmemitir.

Ancak, kz kardeinin Msra
yanna gidip ikna edebilmesinin
ardndan 5 Temmuz 1935 tarihinde yurda dner ve kaybedilmi
btn haklarn da geri alr.
Gele gele 1938 Kasmna gelinir.
ok deil daha 19 sene
nce Samsun, Havza tehlikeli,
Amasyada bulualm diye telgraf
eken arkada Mustafa Kemalin
beraber kurduklar cumhuriyetin bayrana sarl naan, Yavuz Frkateyni Dolmabaheden
zmite son yolculuuna gtrrken, onca yaananlara ramen
Hseyin Raufun duygular nasld
bilinmez
Tarih yazlr, tarih anlatlr, duygular anlatmak zordur. Ama o ok sevdii arkadann kendisine verdii
fotorafn arkasnda yazl olan:
Raufcuum gzel kalbin

li tecelliyat seni sevenler
iin ne kadar hissi samimiyet
mbessiridir. M. Kemal
Szlerini bir dua heyecan ile her
daim okur, kendisini, anlayan yaknlarna. Ancak tarihin ve kaderin
tecellisine bakn ki Yavuz zrhls
Mustafa Kemali son yolculuuna gtrrken arkada Hseyin
Raufun Hamidiyesi elik eder
ona. Her ikisinin de ruhlar ad
olsun, nur iinde uyusunlar. Keke Yavuzla Hamidiyeyi hurdalk
yapmasaydk!
Rauf Bey 1939 yl Austos
aynda vefat eden Kastamonu
milletvekili Hsn Akgzden
boalan milletvekilliine C.H.P.
Genel Bakanlk Divannca
aday gsterilir. Bu konuda
C.H.P. Genel Bakan Vekili ve
Babakan Dr. Refik Saydam 22
Ekim 1939 tarihinde yaynlad
bildiri ile Rauf Beyin susuzluunu kamuoyuna u cmlelerle
aklar.
Kastamonu Mebusu Hsn

Akszn lm dolays ile boalan Kastamonu Mebusluuna
eski stanbul Mebusu ve eski
Bavekil Rauf Orbayn Genel
Bakanlk Divannca namzetlii
kararlatrlmtr.
Rauf Orbay hakknda evvelce stiklal Mahkemesi tarafndan verilmi
olan mahkumiyet kararnn refi iin
vak mracaat zerine yaplm
olan hukuki tetkikte, araya girmi
olan umumi af kanunlar, isnat olunan fiili bertaraf ettii gibi, muhakemesinin iadesini de gayr mmkn
klm ve esasen muhakeme iade
edebilseydi beraatinin muhakkak
olaca kanaatine varlm olduu
grlmtr. Sayn ikinci mntehiplere bildirir ve ilan ederim.
C.H.P. Bakan Vekili ve
Bavekil
Dr. Refik SAYDAM
Rauf Bey Kastamonu Milletvekilliine seilerek 8 Kasm 1939da
T.B.M.M.ne yeniden katlr. ki buuk yl kadar milletvekilliinde kaldktan sonra, kinci Dnya Savann
en skntl gnlerinde, 17 ubat
1942de Londra Bykeliliine
atanr. Trkiyeyi erefle temsil ettii
bu grevinden 3 Nisan 1944de
ayrlarak yurda dner. Teklif edilen
Washington Bykeliliini de kabul etmez ancak Lozanda krld
smet nnnn ricasn krmayp
A.B.D.deki grmelere katlma
nezaketini de gsterir.
mrnn geri kalan yllarn kh
stanbulda kh seyahatlerde geirir.
Ama o hep Hamidiyesini zler.
Yolculuk ve heyecanlanma sonucu rahatszlanmasn istemeyen
yaknlar onu bu isteinden eitli
bahanelerle uzak tutsalar da, bir
gn dayanamaz kz kardei ffet
Hanmla yeeni Zaferin otomobiline binerek Glcke gelirler. Birtakm eski gemiler arasnda bal
duran; Cemal Paa ile Almanya
seyahatinde takdim edildii Alman
mparatoru Willhelmin ilk sz olarak Sizin Hamidiye harekatnz
alaka ile takip ettim. Bizim Emdem de sizi taklit etmek istedi
fakat Hamidiye gibi baarl
olamad, yolda batt dedii
Hamidiyesine hi konumadan
bakar, bakar, bakar
Hamidiyesinin sereninde gururla dalgalandrd Trk Bayra, 19 Temmuz 1964 Perembe
gn aramzdan ayrlan Rauf
Beyin top arabasndaki naan son yolculuunda sarmalar,
vasiyeti zerine, defnedilecei
Sahray Ceditteki aile mezarlna gtrlrken
Nur iinde uyu, Akdenizin

Koca Kurdu...
Kaynaklarndan yararlandm Beyefendilere en derin
sayglarm, Kaynaklar ve
Deerli Fotoraflar elde
ettiimiz Deniz Kuvvetleri
Komutanlna ve yazmda yardmn esirgemeyen
Yavuz Ali Sakarya, Lider
Domu, ARO ynetim ve
alanlarna en iten teekkrlerimi sunarm.
M. Edip ZGR
Kaynaka:

Balkan Harbinde Hami

diye Kruvazrnn Akn
Harekat, Dz. Albay Tevfik
NC, T.C.M.S.B.Dz.K.K.
Neriyat. Deniz Basmevi,
1952 (399 Sayl Donanma
Dergisi Eki)
Hamidiyenin Aknlar, Fahri
ENGN (em. Amiral) Yakn
Tarihimiz, Cilt 4, st 1963
Rauf Bey, Dz. stm.
Erberk NAM, Deniz
Basmevi, stanbul, 1965
HAMDYE KRUVAZR
20-21 Aralk 1912 gecesi Bulgar torpil gemisi Drazki
tarafndan vurulunca ba taraf tamamen suya gml olduu halde stanbula dnmeyi baararak,
Halite onarma alnmtr.
13 Ocak - 7 Eyll 1913te srdrd Akn
Harekatndan sonra, Birinci Dnya savanda Yarbay Kasmpaal Vasf Muhiddin Bey komutasndaki
Hamidiye, 29 Ekim 1914te Krmn gneyindeki Kefe
Limann bombardman etmitir.
Akdenizdeki Aknc Harekat ile; tarihte ilk kruvazr
korsan savan balatma erefini tayan Hamidiye
Kruvazrnn Osmanl donanmasna katl istenmeyerek alnan kruvazr olarak anlatlr.
yle ki; 1896 ylnda kan Ermeni isyanna, A.B.D.
ve ngiltere hkmetleri tazminat verilmesini isteyince Osmanl Kanunlarna gre aka tazminat
verilemeyeceinden, A.B.D. kramp tezgahlarna
Abdlmecid, ngiltere Elswick Shipyard tezgahlarna
da Abdlhamit, kruvazrleri smarlanm, gemilerin
al fiyatlarna sz edilen tazminatlar da eklenerek
yeni fiyatlaryla satn alnmlardr.
1903 ylnda inas biten kruvazrlerden ngiliz
yapm olan 3800 tonluk Hamidiye; 112 m (367
feet) uzunluunda ve 13.000 beygirgcnde 3
adet makinesiyle 22 mil srate sahipti. 31 Mart
ayaklanmalarndan sonra padiah II. Abdlhamitin
tahtan indirilmesiyle geminin Abdlhamit olan ilk ad
1908 de Hamidiye olarak deitirilmitir.
5 Mays 1909dan itibaren Kdemli Yzba Hseyin Rauf Bey Komutasndaki Hamidiyenin Balkan
Savalarndaki ilk grevi; Aralk 1912 de Karadenizde
Varna ve Bulgaristann dier limanlarn bombalamak olmutur.
Yavuz ve Midilli Kruvazrleriyle Karadenizde defalarca yapt seyirlerin ardndan Birinci Dnya Sava
yenilgisi sonucu imzalanan Mondros uyarnca
Halie demirletilmitir. 29 Ekim 1923te Yeni Trkiye
Cumhuriyetini 101 pare topla selamlayan Hamidiye,
12 Eyll 1924te balayan Karadeniz gezisinde
Atatrke ev sahiplii yapmtr.

HSEYN RAUF ORBAY

Osmanl mparatorluunun sava gemilerine uzun
sre komuta etmi Mehmet Muzaffer Paa ile Hayriye
Rveyde Hanmn oullar olarak 1881 ylnda stanbul
Cibali de dnyaya geldi. Ailenin iki erkek ocuundan
k olup, kendilerinden kk de kz kardeleri
vard. lkokulu Cibalide bitirmesinin ardndan babasnn
Trablusgarba komodorluk grevine atanmasyla
ortaokulu Trablusda ilk kez alan Askeri Ortaokulda
tamamlad. Trablusgarb dn 14 Mays 1893te
Heybeliada Deniz Lisesi birinci snfna balad.
Temen Rauf Bey Heybetnma adl gemide renim
ve staj yapt. Selimiye Frkateynindeki grevinden
sonra, 1 Ekim 1900 tarihinde arp gemisi seyir
subay yardmcs olarak grev ald. 1 Nisan 1901de
sttemenlie ykseldiinde Mahmudiye zrhls
seyir subay yardmcsyd. 28 Kasm 1901 tarihinde
Hamidiye Torpidosu II. Komutanl grevinden ksa
sre sonra, Fethiye gemisinde grevlendirildi. 23 Nisan
1904 tarihinde Yzbala ykselmi, 24 Austos 1904
tarihinde ise Mesudiye Zrhlsna atanmt.
Trablus savanda Erkanharbiyede Mavir bulunduu
gnlerde Trablusa ok zor ve etin artlarda cephane
naklini salamasnn ardndan 5 Mays 1909da Kdemli
Yzba olarak Hamidiye Svarisi ve Balkan Harbi
gnleri balam oldu.
1881-1964

K Turizmi
yl 44 lkeden 10 milyon 464 bin

turist tatilini Antalyada geirdi.
Antalya, ehir turizmi ile her yl
milyonlar arlayan New York,
Berlin, Barcelona, Prag, Atina,
Bangkok, Honkong gibi dnya
devlerini geride brakt.
DAILIM DENGESZ:
Yaz % 83, K %17
Recep YAVUZ, NBK Touristic
Genel Mdr
Son on yl iinde istatistikleri, rakamlar ve emsalleri alt st ederek
dnya turizminin en nemli 5 destinasyonundan biri haline gelen
Antalyann, nmzdeki yllarda
da bu saysal artnn srecei
rahatlkla sylenebilir. Her yl ilave
gelen binlerce yatak ve yeni alan tesisler, bunun kant zaten.
Amerika ve inden sonra dnyada en ok giden Fransa ve spanya gibi tatil klasikleri turizmde son
yllarda yerinde sayarken, Antalya
yaanan onca krize ramen, hz
kesmeden ykselmesini srdren
tek destinasyon oldu. Getiimiz
Yaklak 11 milyon turist ile Dnya turizm liginin zirvesine koan

Antalyann bu baars gelen ziyaretilerin % 83nn 6 aya skmas yznden dengeli ve salam
temeller zerinde gereklemiyor.
Mays-Ekim arasnda tka basa
yaanan younluk, Kasm-Nisan
dneminde havas snm balona dnyor. Oysa iklimi ve corafi
koullar Antalyaya benzeyen
dier tatil destinasyonlarnda bu
gei daha yumuak gerekleiyor ve herhangi bir tedirginlik
yaanmyor. Bu tatil blgelerinde
genelde toplam turistin % 70i
yaz, % 30u k aylarna dalyor.
Bylelikle den dolulua ramen
blge ilevini srdryor ve ayn
zamanda gelecek yaz iin hazrlklarn srdryor. Yaz aylarnda

9 milyon turist alan Antalya k
aylarnda sudan km bala
dnyor. En az 3 milyon turist
gelmesi gereken 6 aylk k dneminde bu saynn yars ancak
gerekleiyor. Haliyle beinci vitesle giderken, birinci vitese dmek, blge de ciddi bir sarslma
ve dalmaya sebep oluyor
zellikle k aylarnda dnyada ok
az ehre nasip olan imknlara sahip Antalyann bu potansiyelini bir
trl deerlendirememesi, suyunu
denize dken elaleye benziyor.
K aylarnda turistlerin lkelerinde karak hkm srerken, 308
gn gneli geiren Antalyann
k aylar scaklk ortalamas 15
derecenin zerinde gerekleiyor.
Bununla birlikte Antalya merkezinin
100 kmlik evresinde 50ye yakn
antik ehir gezginler iin esiz bir
hazine. Toroslardan sahile yaylan
geni hinterland ve am ormanlar
yry sevdals yzbinlerce turist
iin bulunmaz bir nimet. K aylarnda mkemmel grntlere br-

Kaynak: Wikipedia, World Tourism Organization

Kaynak: Antalya l Kltr Turizm Mdrl

nen Olimpostan, Davraza blgenin

dalar ise Avrupallar iin Dnya
Harikas deerinde.
Btn bu veriler nda blgenin
K Turizmi Merkezine dntrlmesi hite zor deil. Bunun iin
yaplmas gerekenler aslnda herkese malum. Konu birok kez dile
getirilmi, gerekletirilen birka
toplant da -belki- kamuoyunun dikkatini ekmeye yardmc olmaktan
teye pek geememitir. nceki
yla gre k aylarnda 250.000
civarnda kayp yaanmas (k

aylarnda toplam ziyaretinin 1/3)
konunun daha detayl ele alnmasn gerektirmektedir. Konunun
muhataplar bellidir.
Turisti yurt dndaki almalarla ynlendirerek Trkiyeye

getiren Tur Operatrleri ile
yaplacak grmeler, olumlu ve direk sonuca yansyan
sonular douracaktr.
2013 k iin fazla zaman kalmad. 20 ylda yabanc turist saysn

600 binden 11 milyona karmay
baaran Antalya, bu sorunun da
stesinden gelebilir. Denizin ve
gnein nimetleri sayesinde zaten
kendiliinden dolup taan yaz
aylarnn yan sra insan zeks
rn zmlemelerle k da kalkndrma zamandr. Aksi takdirde
tek bacan stne binen yk,
kangrene neden olabilir.
K Turizmde yaanan
kayplarn nedenleri
hakknda
Antalya turizmi son 2009-2010-2011
k dneminde art yaarken 2012
Ocak-Mart dneminde bir nceki
yla gre % 16lk kayp yaamtr.
2012 Ocak-Mart dneminde
Antalyaya turist gnderen 39 lkeden sadece skandinav lkelerinde
kk artlar sz konusu olmutur.
2012 Ocak-Mart dneminde Antalya
iin k aylarnn en nemli kayna
olan Almanyada % 5, Rusyada %
33 orannda d yaanmtr. K
dneminin en nemli ay olan Mart
aynda % 21 orannda yaanan d tehlike sinyalleri vermektedir. K
K Turizmi
aylarnda Antalyaya toplam 700.000

civarnda turist geldiinden yola karsak, yaanan kaybn ok yksek
olduu daha da belirginleecektir.
NEDENLER:
1. Antalya Yaz Turizmi ile n
plana km bir tatil destinasyonudur. K turizmi iin var olan
turizm potansiyeli yurt dnda
bilinmemektedir.
2. Ylda 11 milyon turist arlayan
Antalyaya Aralk-Mart dnemini
kapsayan k aylarnda gelen
turist says 700.000 civarndadr.
3. K aylarnda Avrupal turistler
daha ok yakn tatil destinasyonlarn tercih etmektedirler.
4. K dneminde gelen misafirler
genellikle cazip fiyatlar yznden
Trkiyeyi tercih etmektedirler.
5. K aylarnda sunulan rnler
tekdzelikten teye gemiyor.
YAPILMASI GEREKENLER:
1. K turizminin gelitirilmesi,
Tur Operatrleri ile grmelerle
mmkn olur.
2. Tur Operatrlerinin taleplerinin
deerlendirilerek k aylarnda
Trkiyeye dnmelerine almak, turizmin 12 aya yaylmasn
salamak asndan byk nem
tamaktadr.
3. K aylarnda Tur Operatrlerine salanacak kolaylklarn hayata geirilmesi gerekmektedir:

Havaalan vergileri,
ren yeri giri cretleri
indirimi,
Uak katk pay ,
Yakt indirimi,
Personel maliyetlerine katlm.
4. K aylarnda turist getiren

acentelerle yaz ortasnda yaplacak geni katlml bir toplant
sorunun ortaya konulmas asndan nemli bir hamle olacaktr.
5. BAE, Msr, spanya gibi rakip

lkeler k turizmi iin nemli
atlmlar iindeler.
6. rn eitliliinin K aylarna gre artrlarak anlatlmas
gerekiyor.

Yry,
Bisiklet,
Tarihi ve Doal blgelerin
gezilmesi,
Salk Turizmine ynelik
rnler,
Otantik kltrn n plana
karlmas.
7. Fuar ve Kongreler iin elbirlii

ile allmas nemlidir.
8. Antalyann yznn yenilenmesi ve cazip merkezler retilmesi gereklidir.


CAPPADOCIADAN TROYA UZANAN YOL

etiner Mzik Yapm Trk Halk Mziinin
aslna uygun ekilde yaamas ve yaatlmas
amac ile yapm olduu Enstrumental eserlerine bir yenisini daha ekledi.
ki yldr zerinde titizlikle allan ve blge olarak TROAS blgesine ait eserlerle Trk
Turizm sektrnde rnek eser olacak olan TROY Turksh Folk
Music albm Trk Halk
Mziinin aslna uygun
olarak icras ile uluslararas boyutta tantmn
yapacak bir alma.
Bir Ahmet ZGL
projesi olan albmn
yapmcln Hikmet
ETNER yapt, Ynetmen, Aranje, Gitar
ve kaydn Ahmet ZGL, Balama ve Lavta
Ercan EROL, Kemane Hseyin YALIN, Kaval, Sipsi
Ferhat ERDEM, Klarnet Salih
AVUNER ve Ritimde Can KKREK
gibi mesleinin zirvesinde olan sanatlar tarafndan icra edildi.
Albmde;
1. EDREMTN GELN,
2. ALLI GELN,
3. KARANFLN MORUNA,
4. NEM DT,
5. KIRMIZI BUDAY,
6. DELHADIR BAINDAYIM,
7. U ZMRDEN,
8. BALIKESR YOLUNDA,
9. AY BULUTTA,
10. BR TA ATTIM ALICA,
11. EVREE YOLLARI,
12. KONYA DVAN AYAI
gibi eserler bulunuyor.
Kapadokyann
Tarih ncesi
Karadenize, Frattan Bat Anadolu eiine dek geni bir alanda tanmlanmtr; bugnk anlamyla Kapadokya blgesinin
snrlar Nevehir ve onu evreleyen illerle izilmektedir.
Yrd. Do. Dr. Atila TRKER*
Giri:
Kapadokya, ziyaretilerine doas ve kltrel mirasyla muhteem bir grsellik sunmaktadr.
Yaklak 10 milyon yl nce st
Miyosen dnemde balayan
volkanik aktiviteler gnmzden 15 binyl ncesine dek devam etmi, dalar, ovalar, yksek platolar ve knt alanlar
ile volkanik zeminin zerindeki
skm kl yntlar ile sedimanlar, deprem, rzgar ve
suyun sabrla andrmasyla
bu corafyada ekillenmitir.
Antik kaynaklarda Kapadokya
blgesi ukurovadan Dou
Kapadokya, kronolojik olarak

Anadolu tarihinin tm alarnda insan topluluklarna ev
sahiplii yapm, Dou ve
Bat kltrlerini buluturmu,
ancak kendi iinde yerel kltrlerin doup gelimesine de
msaade etmitir. Biz bu yazda Kapadokya corafyasn,
yukarda izdiimiz Nevehir
ve evresi eklinde daraltacak,
kronolojik olarak da balangcndan Erken Tun ann
sonuna dek tarih ncesini izleyeceiz.
Kapadokyadaki lk nsan zleri: Kmrc / Kaletepe
Anadoluda en erken insan
izlerinin grld yerlerden
birisi Nide / iftlik ilesinin
Kmrc ky yaknndaki
Kaletepe Atlyesidir. 1997
ylndan itibaren kazsna
* Nevehir niversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakltesi, Arkeoloji Blm
balanan ve aratrmas devam eden Gll Dan dou

yamacndaki Kaletepe, Alt
ve Orta Paleolitik an tm
sekansn temsil eder. Atlyenin ilk kullanm ya tam
olarak tespit edilememise
de, gnmzden 1 milyon
yl ncesine giden anakaya
itibariyle ilik faaliyete geirilmi ve atlye gnmzden
200 / 160 bin yl ncesine
dek iletilmitir. Burada ilenen tek hammadde, obsidyen
(volkanik doal cam), riyolit
ve andezittir.
Volkanik Gll Da yamalarndaki kayalar, Anadolu ve
Yakn Douda alet yapmna
en uygun hammadde zenginliini sunmutur. Riyolit ve
andezite nazaran obsidyen,
volkanlarn pskrmesi ve
damarlarn oluum srecinde
hzl souma avantajyla emsallerine gre daha dayanml, sert ve biimlendirilebilirlik
zellii kazanmtr. likteki
kayalarn kullanm tercihleri
bir evreden dierine deiiklik
gsterse de, Anadoludan ve
The Prehistory of
Cappadocia
Ass. Prof. Dr. Atila TRKER*

Introduction:
Cappadocia offers its visitors a
spectacular visual experience
with its nature and cultural heritage. Volcanic activity, which
began in the Upper Miocene
period about 10 million years
ago, continued until 15 thousand years ago, and mountains, plains, high plateaus
and collapse areas, together
with sediments with ash drifts
stuck on the volcanic floor
have been shaped through patient erosion, by earthquake,
wind and water this geography. In the ancient sources,
the Cappadocia region is identified as a wide area extending
from Cukurova to the Eastern
Black Sea, and from the Euphrates to the Western Anatolia threshold; the boundaries
of the present-day Cappadocia region are drawn around
Nevsehir and the surrounding
provinces.
Chronologically
Cappadocia
has been home to communities of people in all the periods in the history of Anatolia,
the meeting place of Eastern
and Western cultures, but
which allowed local cultures to
be born and develop in itself.
In this article, we will narrow
the Cappadocian geography
to Nevsehir and its environs
as drawn above, and follow in
sequence from prehistory, from
the beginning until reaching the
end of the Early Bronze Age.
Gollu Mountain is where the

whole sequence of the Lower
and Middle Palaeolithic Ages
is represented in the finds.
Although the date of the first
use of the workshop has not
been determined accurately,
the workshop was opened to
the bedrock 1 million years
ago, and was worked until 200
/ 160 thousand years ago. The
only raw materials that were
processed here were obsidian
(natural volcanic glass), rhyolite and andesite.
The First Human Traces

in Cappadocia: Komurcu /
Kaletepe
The graywackes on the slopes

of the volcanic Gollu Mountain provided the raw material
wealth most suitable for tool
manufacture in Anatolia and
the Near East. The obsidian
has the feature of great resistance, hardness and shapeable, with the advantage of
its rapid cooling during the
process of eruption of volcanoes and for the form of vessels, compared to rhyolite and
andesite. Although the prefer-
One of the places where the

earliest human traces are
found in Anatolia is at the
Kaletepe Workshop near the
village of Komurcu in the district of Ciftlik, Nigde. Excavations at Kaletepe began in
1997 and research is still continuing. Kaletepe is located
on the eastern slope of the
* Nevsehir University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Archaeology
Dou Akdeniz gibi Anadolu

dndan talepler grmtr.
Dnemin gebe ve yar gebe topluluklar mevsimlik seyahatlerle Kaletepeye gelmiler,
geici barnaklar kurmular ve
ihtiyalar dorultusunda avclk ve toplayclk faaliyetlerine
ynelik ok, mzrak ucu, kazyc, balta gibi alet tiplerini burada retmilerdir. Atlyede bulunan birbirinden deiik alet
tipleri, buraya Anadolunun
farkl blgelerinden ve Anadolu dndan deiik halk gruplarnn geldiini ve alet rettiklerini ispatlamtr. Elbette
bu retim faaliyetleri srasnda
farkl blgelerin ekillendirdii
insan topluluklar bir araya gelme frsat bulmu, birbirlerinden teknoloji takasyla kltrel
tanklk olmu, belki de uzun
vadede bir ticari iliki gelitirmilerdir.
Atlyenin salad imkanlar
dorultusunda Kaletepe, ann, zellikle de obsidyen ticaretinin merkezlerinden birini
oluturmu, obsidyen ticaretini
organize etmitir. Kaletepe,
ayn zamanda Afrika dndaki
en eski Acheulen topluluunu
temsil etmesi bakmndan da
nemlidir. Kaletepede farkl yaam dzeylerine ait farkl Homo
Erectus gruplarnn bulunmu
olmas, Anadolunun, imdilik,
en uzun Paleolitik sekansn
temsil ettiini gstermitir. Kaletepe, ayrca Alt Paleolitikte
en azndan teknik anlamda
farkl evrimlemi gruplarn var
olduunu da ortaya koymas

bakmndan nemlidir.
Bu yazda snrlarn izdiimiz
Kapadokyada Paleolitik aa
ilikin otuza yakn merkez
saptanmtr. Kaz yntemiyle
aratrlmayan bu merkezler,
imdilik, atlye ilevi grnm arz etmese de, Kaletepe
etrafnda ekillenen kltrel
erevenin iinde yer alyor olmaldrlar.
Neolitik a: Kapadokyada
klimsel zellikler ve En Eski
Kylerin Oluum Srecinde
Kmrc / Kaletepe
Paleolitik ile Neolitik arasnda
uzman avc topluluklar ann Epipaleolitik topluluklar,
ilk kylerini Bereketli Hilal olarak ifade edilen corafyada,
anak mleksiz Neolitik A
Evresinde (PPNA: Pre Pottery Neolithic A) Gneydou
Anadolu ve Levant ile bu hattn yakn blgelerinde kalan
alanlarda kurmulardr. Hala
avc-toplayc olan insan topluluklar, yakn evrelerinde bulamadklar hammadde taleplerini Akdenizden Kzldenize
ve Hindistana dek geni bir
corafyadan gidermeye almlardr.
lk ky topluluklarnn Kapadokyada yerletiklerine ilikin
bilgi yoktur; ancak Kaletepe
atlyesinde Erken PPNBde
retim yapld ortaya konmutur. Atlye, yine bu dnemde
Anadolu ve Anadolu dndaki insan topluluklarndan rabet grmtr; Suriye, Levant

ve hatta Kbrs gibi dnemin
denizar saylabilecek merkezlerinde bulunan Kaletepe
kkenli aletler, Kapadokyann
stratejik konumunu gstermesi bakmndan nemlidir. Bu
dnemde Kapadokyann ilk
kyleri kurulmutur. Obsidyen
ticaretinden pay almak, hammaddeden faydalanmak ve bu
byk organizasyonu dzenlemek iin Kaletepeye ksa
mesafede ulalabilen bu yerleimlerin kurulmasnda, deien iklim artlar ve bu iklim
artlarnn sunduu Climatic
Optimum da (uygun iklim koullar) etkili olmutur. Gmmzden 10 bin yl nce balayp 7. bin yln ortalarna dek
devam eden elverili iklim koullarnn varl, Acgl polen
analizlerinden
anlalmtr.
Bu srete lman yaz aylarna
zgn orman eitlilii artt,
fakat ayn zamanda klarn
daha sert getiini ispatlayan
kozalakl aalarn da kout
oranda oald anlalmtr.
Oluan mevsim dngs bitki
eitliliini arttrm, bu eitlilik hayvan varln da olumlu
etkilemitir.
Kapadokyann En Eski
Ky: Akl Hyk
Kapadokyann en iyi aratrlan en eski ky, Aksaray/
Glaa ilesine bal Kzlkaya ky yaknndaki, Me-
ence in use of the graywackes

in the workshop varied from
one stage to another, they
were in demand both in Anatolia and in the Eastern Mediterranean. The nomadic and
semi-nomadic communities of
the period came to Kaletepe
on seasonal trips, establishing
temporary shelters, and produced here the types of tools
employed in the activities of
hunter-gatherers, such as arrows, spear-heads, scrapers,
and axes in accordance with
their needs. Different types of
tools that were found in the
workshop have proved that different population groups came
here from the different regions
of Anatolia and beyond, and
produced tools. Of course, during the course of these activities, the human communities
shaped by different regions
had the opportunity to come
together, and they became
culturally acquainted with each
other through this exchange of
technology, and perhaps in the
course of time they developed
long-term business relationships.
In accordance with the facilities provided by the workshop, Kaletepe became one
of the centers of its age and
especially in the trade in obsidian and it organized the
trade of obsidian. Kaletepe is
also important in terms of representing the oldest known
Acheulen community outside
of Africa. The fact that different

groups of Homo Erectus have
been found in Kaletepe belonging to different levels of life,
has shown that Kaletepe represents the longest Paleolithic
sequence found in Anatolia to
date. Kaletepe is also important
in terms of demonstrating that
there were groups that evolved
differently, at least in technical
sense, during the course of the
Lower Paleolithic Age.
In this article, about thirty centers dating from the Paleolithic
Age were determined in Cappadocia, the boundaries of
which we have already drawn.
Although these centers, which
were not investigated through
excavation, do not appear to
have a functioned as workshops, yet they must have
been within the cultural orbit
around Kaletepe.
The Neolithic Age: Climatic
Characteristics in Cappadocia and Komurcu/Kaletepe
during the Process of formation of the oldest villages
The epi-Palaeolithic communities of the age of the communities of expert hunters between
the Paleolithic and Neolithic
ages established their first
villages in the areas referred
to as the Fertile Crescent, in
Southeastern Anatolia, the Levant and areas close to these,
during the Pre Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) Phase. These
human communities, who still

remained
hunter-gatherer,
tried to resolve their raw material demands that they could
not find in their immediate
surroundings, drawing from
a much wider geography extending from the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea and
India.
There is no information about
the settlement of the first village communities in Cappadocia, but it has been revealed
that production occurred in the
Kaletepe workshop during the
Early PPNB. The workshop
again saw demand from human communities in and beyond Anatolia during this period; with tools originating from
Kaletepe found in overseas
centers of the period including Syria, Levant and even
Cyprus which are important in
indicating the strategic position of Cappadocia. The first
villages of Cappadocia were
established in this period. The
changing climatic conditions
and the Climatic Optimum (favorable climatic conditions)
offered through these climatic
conditions were also effective
in establishing these settlements from where Kaletepe
could be reached over a relatively short distance to obtain
a share of the obsidian trade,
to take advantage of the raw
material and to arrange this
extensive trade organization.
The favorable climatic condi-
Kapadokyann Tarih ncesi / The Prehistory of Cappadocia
lendiz ay kysndaki Akl

Hyktr. Gnmzden 10/9
binyl ncesine dek geriye giden yerleimin genel mimarisi, birbirinden dar sokaklarla
ayrlm ta temelsiz kerpi
konutlardan
olumaktadr.
Yerleim dokusunun sklndan dolay gndelik iler ve
retim faaliyetlerinin byk
bir ksm evlerin dz damlarnda gerekletirilmitir; bu
doku, yerleimin savunmas
asndan avantajlar da salamtr.
Yerleimin gneyinde ta temelli zel yaplar yer almaktadr. Bu kesimde ak bir alana
bakan, byk, kareye yakn
planl ve krmz boyal kire
tabanyla zel bir yap grubu T
Mekan Kompleksi olarak adlandrlmtr; adak (?) ukurlar, ocaklar, byk bir frn gibi
unsurlara sahip yan odalaryla
zel bir ileve sahip olmas gereken bu yapnn ilevi belirsiz
de olsa, tapnak benzeri bir ilevi yerine getirmi olabilir.
Akl halknn dini hayatna
ilikin asl bilgiler, l gmme
geleneklerinden tasavvur edilebilmektedir. Ana karnndaki
dizlerin karna ekik ve boynun ne eik pozisyonundaki
hocker gm tarz, definlerin
ounda uygulanmtr. Defin,
kyn dna deil, ky iinde
(intra rural) evlerin tabanlar
altna ve evler arasndaki sokak tarz boluklara yaplmtr. Braklan l hediyelerinde
erkeklerin yanna obsidyenden
yaplm kiisel aletler, kadnlarda ise yar deerli ta, kemik ve deniz kabuklarndan
yaplm boncuklardan oluan
kolyeler tercih edilmitir.
Akl halknn i tketime ynelik uralar besicilik ve tarmdan ziyade avclk ve toplayclk olmutur. Yerleimde
bulunan obsidyen aletlerin
okluu ve eitlilii, bir ailenin veya bireyin ihtiyacnda
ok daha fazla olup, bu durum,
rn ticaretinin yapldn
gsteren en nemli delillerden biridir. Genellikle iyi korunagelmi iskeletlerin bazlar
yanm, bazlarnn st hasr
tr malzemeyle kaplanmtr.
Gmlerin ou tek, bazlar
ift gm eklindedir. Kimi definlerde a boyas uygulamas
da yaplm, a boyas definlerde ya lnn boyanmasyla ya da a boyasnn lnn
yanna braklmas eklinde
uygulanmtr.
Akl iskeletleri zerinde yaplan inceleme, ilgin sonular ortaya koymutur. Bunlar
arasnda bireylerden birinde
kafatasn delerek beyin ameliyatnn yapldn gsteren
trepanasyon uygulamas ve
bir dierinde otopsi yapldn gsteren izler de vardr.
Halkn en uzun yaam sresi
55-57 yl iken, lmn ortalama ya 34-35tir. Aklda
ele geen hayvan kalntlarnn tm ise avlanm yabani
hayvanlara aittir. En ok koyun
ve kei tketilmi iken, bunlar domuz, geyik ve tavan
trleri izlemitir. Ele geen at
kemikleri, gnmzden 9 bin
yl nce blgedeki atn da varln kantlamaktadr. Hayvan
kemiklerinden de younlukla
faydalanlm, kemikten bz,
spatula, toka, toka engeli,
dilerden boncuk ve boynuzlardan alet yaplmtr. Bitki
tketiminin ou ise yine toplayclktan salanm, bunun
yan sra tarmla, az da olsa,
uralmtr.
tabakas 14 No.lu odasnda

bulunmutur. Yapnn kuzey ve
dou duvarndaki bir yanarda
patlamas, Aklya dair iaretler tamaktadr: Yanarda,
Akldan grnen siluetiyle
resmedilmitir. zerinde bir
kl bulutu olan, iri kayalarn
frlad dan eteinde Akl
mimari dokusunu andran bir
ky eskizi yer almaktadr; bu
resim, bir yanarda patlamas
ardndan Aklnn terk edildiini, halkn atalhyke yerletiini ve iki bin yl sonra bile
hatralarndan silinmeye bu
acnn atalhyk duvarnda
yanstld dncesini akla
getirmitir.
Kapadokyada Anakaya Oymaclnn Kkeni: Musular
Akl halk, bakr ve malakit gibi madenleri kullanm,

madeni zellikle boncuk yapmnda tercih etmitir. Aklda
pyro-teknolojinin baladn
gsteren deliller, doal bakrn
hem souk ekileme, hem de
tavlama yntemiyle ilenmesinden anlalmaktadr.
Akl Hykn en ge evresinde, M yaklak 7500 yllarnda, Aklnn evresinde

bata Musular olmak zere,
uydu yerleimlerin kurulduuna ahit olunur. Bu durum,
Aklnn kurulmasndan sonra oluan art deerin getirisi
sonucu blgedeki yerleim dzeninin deitiini gstermektedir. Akl Hykn hemen
karsnda, Melendiz aynn
dier yakasnda kurulan Musular yerleimi, Akl halknn
retim faaliyetlerini gerekletirdii bir alan grnm arz
etmektedir. Akl halknn av
sonrasnda kulland kasaplk
ve kasaplk rnlerini ilemek
amacyla dzenlenmi bir yerleim alan grnmndedir.
zellikle yerleimin zeminini oluturan riyolit tf taban,
Kapadokyann bilinen en eski
anakaya iiliidir. Musularda
zemin seviyesi altna ve stne yaplmaya balayan anakaya oymacl, gnmze dek
deiik ama ve tekniklerle sregelen Kapadokya geleneksel mimarisini oluturmada ilk
admdr.
Aklya ilikin en ilgin kaytlardan birisi atalhykn VII.
Ge Neolitik a: Kk Hyk ve Tepecik-iftlik
tions which began 10 thousand

years ago and lasted until the
middle of the 7th millennium
has been understood from the
pollen analysis from Acigol. It
has also been found that the
coniferous trees, which provided the forest diversity unique to
the temperate summer months
increased during this process
but the winters were harder at
the same time, proliferated in
the same proportion. This seasonal cycle increased the plant
diversity, and this diversity had
a positive effect on the presence of animal life.
The Oldest Village in Cappadocia: Asikli Mound
The oldest village in Cappadocia, which is the most wellstudied, is the Asikli Mound on
the bank of the Melendiz River
near the village of Kizilkaya in
the district of Gulagac/Aksaray.
The general architecture of the
settlement, which dates from
10 to 9 thousand years ago,
consists of mud-brick houses
without stone foundations,
which are separated from each
other by narrow streets. Due to
the density of this settlement
pattern, a large part of the daily
work and production activities
were carried out on the flat
roofs of the houses; this pattern also has provided advantages in terms of the defense
of the settlement.
There are special structures
with stone foundations in the
southern area of the settlement. A special structural
group in this section, facing an
open space, with a large and
almost square-shaped plan
and having a red painted lime
base, is termed the T-Space
Complex; although the function of this structure, which
should have had a special function with its side rooms with elements such as vow (?) pits,
furnaces and a large oven, is
uncertain, it might have served

a temple-like function.
The actual information concerning the religious life of
the inhabitants of Asikli at that
time can in part be understood
from their burial traditions. The
hocker burial style, the foetal
position of the unborn, that is
with the knees drawn up to the
stomach and the neck leaning
forward, was the case in most
of the burials. The burial was
not outside the village, but intra rural, beneath the floors of
the houses and in the streettype spaces between the
houses. Amongst the grave
gifts were personal tools made
of obsidian usually left beside
deceased men, and necklaces
consisting of beads made of
semi-precious stones, bones
and sea shells usually left beside deceased women.
The labors of the Asikli people
for home consumption were
hunting and gathering, rather
than stockbreeding and agriculture. The sheer number
and the variety of obsidian
tools found in the settlement
are much greater than the
needs of a family or individual,
and this provides one of the
most important evidence indicating that the obsidian product trade was made. Some of
the skeletons which are usually well-preserved are burnt,
and some are covered in a
wire mesh type material. Most
of the burials are single, but
some are double-type burials.
In some burials, ocher was
also applied, and either the
dead were painted with ocher,
or the ocher was left beside
the dead.
A study of the skeletons of
Asikli provided interesting results. Among these, there was
evidence of trepanation showing brain surgery was made
through piercing the skull of
one of the deceased, and

there are traces indicating that
autopsy was made in the case
of another. The longest life
was between 55 and 57 years,
while the mean age of death
was between 34 and 35 years.
And all the remains of animals
which were uncovered in Asikli
belonged to hunted wild animals. While mainly sheep and
goats were consumed, pigs,
deer and rabbits were also eaten. The discovered bones of
horses prove the existence of
the horse in this region 9 thousand years ago. Intensive use
was made of the animal bones,
awls, spatulas, buckles, and
buckle hooks were made from
bones, beads were made from
teeth, and tools were made
from animal horns. Most of the
plants consumed were provided through gathering, and agriculture was also undertaken,
albeit on a small scale.
The people of Asikli used metals such as copper and malachite, and preferred metal
especially for bead making.
Evidence proves pyro-technology began at Asikli in the
processing of natural copper
through both cold hammering
and by tempering.
One of the most interesting
records relating to Asikli was
found in room No. 14 in the
VIIth layer of Catalhoyuk. A
volcanic eruption depicted on
the northern and eastern walls
of the building have signs related to Asikli as the volcano
was pictured with its silhouette
appearing above the depiction
of Asikli, the village reminiscent of the architectural texture of Asikli at the foot of the
mountain, which has an ash
cloud over it and where large
graywackes were thrown; this
picture suggests that Asikli
was abandoned after a volcanic eruption, with the people
re-settling in Catalhoyuk, and
Kaya zemin zerine yerleen

ancak kazlan ukurlar dnda
kayalk zemin mdahalesinin
daha az olduu Nide/Bor ilesindeki Roma havuzunun terasn bulunan Kk Hyk yerleiminin en erken tabakas M
7. binyln sonlarna dek geriye
gitmektedir. Blgenin sunduu yaam artlaryla daha ok
avc-toplayc bir yaam sren
Kk halk, endstrisi bakmndan kapal bir toplum olmakla
birlikte, dini olarak, Anadoluda
hibir yerde rneklenmemi
ancak kendisinden 2500 yl
nce Yakndou kltrlerinde bilinen Ataklt geleneini
srdrmesi bakmndan ilgin
bulgular vermitir. En ilgin
buluntu topluluunu, yerleimin II. ve III. tabakalarnda
aa karlan 19 adet kil sval kafatas oluturur. lnn
bedeninden ayrlan ve kimi a
boyasyla boyanarak kille svanan kafataslar, evlerin iinde
muhafaza edilerek lm ile yaam arasnda bugn pek ok
anlam ykleyebileceimiz bir
inancn gstergesini bnyesinde tamaktadr.
Ayn dnemde, Nide merkezin kuzeybatsndaki Tepecik - iftlik Hynde

bulunan, atlarn phalanx kemiklerinden yaplm idoller,
Kuzey Suriyenin M 10./9.
binyl kltrlerinde tannan gelenein yine yaklak 2500 yl
sonraki temsilini srdryor
olmas bakmndan nemlidir.
Kk Hyk ve Tepecik-iftlikdeki bu gibi kltrel etkiler,
devam edegelen dini anlayn
izlerini tayor olmas gibi, bu
dnemde blgeleraras kltrel ve ticari tannrlln da iaretlerini sunmaktadr. Ayrca
Tepecik-iftlikte bulunan ok
saydaki obsidyen ve benzeri endstriye ait kalntlar, bu
yerleimin Kaletepe obsidyen
ticaretini rgtleyen merkezi
bir konuma sahip olduunu da
gstermektedir.
Kk Hyk ve Tepecik -iftlik
ile ksa sreli aratrlabilmi
Bor-Pnarba yerleimlerinde bulunan kabartma insan
ve hayvan figrl pimi toprak kaplar, iledikleri konular
bakmndan
Yakndounun
en ilgin unsurlarndan birisini

yanstmaktadr: Ekin toplayan
insan, yabani eei tuzaa
srkleyen avc, tek bana
dans eden veya kol kola halay
eker tanralar, bukranyum
dizileri, atal boynuzlu geyik
balar, doan gne, pandantif dizileri, kaplar zerinde grlen kabartma figrlerinlerden
bazlardr. Ayrca tanra ve
hayvanlara ait ok sayda heykelcik de bulunmutur. Kk
Hykte bulunan ana tanra
biimli pimi toprak kap, boyun ksmna insan yz betimlenmi bir kap ve benzerleri
Epipaleolitik dneme dek geriye giden, iftlik-Tepecikten
ucu buza ba eklinde bezenmi bir kemik alet gibi buluntular, yine adalar bakmndan nik eser olma zellii
gsteren rneklerdendir. atalhyk III. tabakasnda bulunan yaban domuzu av sahnesinin bir benzeri, Kk Hyk
III. tabakasnda bir yap duvarnda aa karlmtr; bu ve
avclkla ilgili dier buluntular,
avcln dnem toplumundaki nemini ve tinsel anlamn
this horror was not forgotten

even after the passage of two
thousand years and which was
reflected in the painted record
on this wall in Catalhoyuk.
The Origin of Bedrock Carving in Cappadocia: Musular
It is known that satellite settlements, especially Musular,
were established around Asikli
in the latest phase of the Asikli
Mound settlement, about 7500
B.C. This indicates the pattern of settlement in the region
changed as a consequence
of the return of the economic
surplus following the establishment of Asikli. The settlement
of Musular established just
across from the Asikli Mound,
on the other side of the Melendiz River gives an appearance
of an area where the people
of Asikli carried out their production activities. It has an appearance of a settlement area
arranged to process the animal products that the people
of Asikli worked after the hunt.
Especially the rhyolite tuff
base, on which the settlement
standa is the oldest known
bedrock processing in Cappadocia. The bedrock carving
began to be made both above
and below ground level in Musular was the first step in creating the traditional architecture of Cappadocia and which
has continued to the present
day with different goals and
techniques.
The Late Neolithic Age: The
Kosk Mound and TepecikCiftlik
The earliest level of the Kosk
Mound settlement in the terrace of the Roman pool in the
district of Bor, Nigde, which
is on rock ground but where
the rocky ground intervention
is less outside the excavated
pits, dates back to the end
of the 7th millennium B.C. Al-
though the people of Kosk,

who led a hunter-gatherer life
in the living conditions offered
by the region, was a closed
society in terms of industry,
they have provided interesting religious finds in terms of
maintaining the cult of ancestors which is not found at this
date elsewhere in Anatolia, but
which was known in Near Eastern cultures 2500 years earlier. 19 clay plastered skulls,
which were unearthed in the
IInd and IIIrd layers of the
settlement, form a collection
of most interesting finds. The
skulls, which were seperated
from the body of the dead and
some which were painted with
ocher and plastered with clay,
were kept inside the houses,
and they carry the indication of
a faith between life and death
to which we can give a lot of
meaning today.
The idols made of the phalanx bones of horses, found
in the Tepecik-Ciftlik Mound
in the northwest of the center
of Nigde of this same period,
are important in terms of still
maintaining the representational continuity of the tradition recognized in the 10th /
9th millennium B.C. cultures of
North Syria after the passage
of about 2500 years. Such
cultural finds from the Kosk
Mound and Tepecik-Ciftlik
also provide the signs of recognizable inter-regional cultural and commercial exchange
in this period, such as carrying
the traces of the continuing religious belief. In addition, the
large number of obsidian and
similar industrial remains show
that this settlement had a central position in organizing the
obsidian trade of Kaletepe.
The terracotta pots with human
and animal figures in relief
found in the settlements of the
Kosk Mound, at Tepecik-Ciftlik
and Bor-Pinarbasi which could
be investigated, reflect one of

the most interesting elements
of the Near East in terms of the
subjects employed: Humans
harvesting, a hunter dragging
a wild donkey into a trap, goddesses dancing alone or together, the bucranium series,
fork-horned deer heads, the
rising sun, and pendant series
are some of the relief figures
on the pots. In addition, a large
number of goddess and animal figurines were also found.
Finds such as a terracotta pot
made in the form of the Mother
Goddess, a pot with a human
face depicted on the neck,
and similar pots from the Kosk
Mound dating back to the EpiPaleolithic period, and a bone
tool, the tip of which is carved
in the shape of a head of a calf
are examples with the characteristics of individual unique
works of art in terms of their
contemporaries. A similar example to the wild boar hunting
scene found in the IIIrd layer of
Catalhoyuk was unearthed on
the wall of a building in the IIIrd
layer of the Kosk Mound; this
and other findings related to
hunting are important in terms
of indicating the importance
and the spiritual meaning attached to hunting by the community during this period.
The Chalcolithic Age: Cultural Continuity and Innovations
The communities of the Chalcolithic Age immediately following upon the Neolithic Age
began to more frequently and
more effectively mine copper
(5500 / 5000 - 3300 / 3000
B.C.). During this period, the
settlements in Cappadocia
were the cultural starting point
for a very wide geography extending from Mesopotamia to
the Balkans. Pottery sherds
of the Late Ubaid period, representing the oldest spread
from Mesopotamia geography
gstermesi bakmndan nemlidir.

Kalkolitik a: Kltrel Sreklilik ve Yenilikler
Neolitik a kesintisiz izleyen
Kalkolitik a toplumlar bakr
madenini daha yaygn ve daha
etkili biimde kullanmaya balamlardr (M 5500 / 5000
- 3300 / 3000). Bu dnemde Kapadokya yerleimleri,
Mezopotamyadan Balkanlara
dek ok geni bir corafyann kltrel nirengisi olmutur.
Aksaray/Glaa ilesinin kuzeybatsndaki Gvercinkayas yerleimi ile Kayseri/Develi
ilesinin
gneydousundaki
nl Hitit ant Fraktinin dousundaki tepede, Mezopotamya corafyas dndaki en
eski yaylmn temsil eden Ge
Obeid dnemi anak mlek
paralar bulunmutur. Nevehir/Glehir ilesindeki Civelek Maarasnda da, dnemin
keramik kltrlerinden ayrlan
ancak yine Mezopotamyann
boyal anak mlek kltrlerinin tesirini tayan buluntulara
ulalmtr. Civelek Maaras,
Kapadokyadaki kaya yerleimlerinin en erken rneini temsil ediyor olmas bakmndan
nemlidir.
Gvercinkayas,
Melendiz
ayndan gei veren en
uygun konumlardan birisinde, yarmada eklinde knt
yapan bir tepe kysnda kurulmutur; g yolu zerinde
nemli bir istasyon ilevine sahip olmaldr. Stratejik mevkilisiyle korunma yapsna ihtiya
duymu olan Gvercinkayas,
gneyden yksek ve trmanmas olanaksz kayalklarla,
yarmada konumu ve dier
kesimleri i ie surdan oluan bir kuleye sahip sistemiyle
berkitilmi bir ky yerleimidir.
Surlarn i ksmlarnda, deiik kademelerde byk depolama silolar, tme sekileri,
ocak ve frnlar belirli dzenler-
de yaplmtr. lik yeri grnmndeki sur yapsnn iindeki bir dizi yap, burada planl
yaplamaya gidildiini gstermektedir. Dahas, tartmal
da olsa, gnmzden 7000 6800 yl nce, kentleme olgusu henz olumamken Orta
Anadoluda ky ya da toprak
aalna benzer bir sosyal
snfn
Gvercinkayasnda
ekillendii dnlmektedir.
Gcn art deer ya da geni
topraklardan alan ve mal varln kaln duvarlarla savunabildii dnlen bu snflam
toplumun varl kantlanabilirse, Mezopotamyada ilk kez
ortaya kan kentleme olgusunun Anadoludaki en erken
rneini Gvercinkayasnn
temsil edecei aktr. Nitekim,
yukarda ifade bulduu zere,
Mezopotamyada kentleme
srecinin en nemli aamalarndan birini gsteren Ge Obeid dnemi anak mleinin
yaylm, Gvercinkayasnn
bu kavrama yabanc olmad
bilgisini vermektedir.
Gvercinkayas dahil, Kapadokyann dneme hakim olan
koyu yzl anak mlei,
Kk Hyk, Tepecik-iftlik ve
Kabakulakta gzlenmitir ve
bu unsur, Kapadokyann Anadolu geleneinin bir paras
olduunu gstermektedir. te
yandan, Aksaray/Gzelaa
lesindeki Yksek Kilisenin
yamalarndan toplanan ve
kaz yntemiyle de belgelenen
bir baka anak mlek tr de
aa karlmtr; koyu yzl,
kendine zg kaz bezemeli ve
inkrusteli (beyaz macun dolgu)
bu anak mlekler Gelveri
Kltr olarak adlandrlmtr. Dou Akdeniz sahillerinden
Balkan ilerine dek geni bir
corafyada yaylm gsteren
karasal ticaretin temsilcisi olan
bu anak mlek kltr, en erken buluntu rneklerini vermesi
bakmndan Kapadokya kkenlidir. Bu kltr, Balkan corafyasyla Kapadokyann ticari ve
kltrel ilikiler kurduunun en

erken somut kantdr.
Erken Tun a: KentDevlet Srecinde Kapadokya
Anadoluda kronolojik olarak
gnmzden 5300 / 5000 ila
4000 yl nceki zaman aralnda yaanan Erken Tun
anda Kapadokya, gl
bir yerel gelenek tayan ancak ayn zamanda Ege ve
Balkanlardan Mezopotamya
ve Kafkaslara dek niversal
eski dnyann ticari ve kltrel
payda konumuna sahiptir.
Dnem zellii, iinde dini ve
idari yaplarn da bulunduu,
kimi tahkim edilmi, bamsz
ehir devletlerinin kurulmu
olmasdr. Bakrn retiminde
kalayn katlmasyla tun elde
edilmi, daha dayanml tarm
ve zanaat aletleri ile silahlar
retilmitir.
Bakrn Kapadokyada retildiini gsteren ve en iyi aratrlan maden ilii, Nide/
amard ilesinin gneybatsndaki
Kestel/Sartuzladr.
Buray ileyenler, iliin 2 km
gneyindeki Gltepeye yerlemilerdir. Yaplan aratrmalar sonucu Kestelde hematit (demir cevheri) ile kassiterit
(kalay cevheri) minerallerinin
karld kesin olarak belgelemitir.
Kalkolitikten aktarlan gelenek
Erken Tun ann I. evresinde kendini srdrrken, an II. evresinde Balkanlar ve
Kafkaslardan gelen halklarn
glerine tank olunur. Kltrel
deiimin en nemli gstergelerinden biri, koyu yzl anak
mlek geleneinin yerini krmz/kiremidi yzl seramiklerine brakm olmasdr. Yeni
keramik kltr genel olarak
Kzlrmakn bat kesiminde ve
Orta-Kuzey Anadoluda younlarken, Kzlrmak yay iinde, gneyinde ve dousunda
bir boyal anak mlek klt-
r ortaya kmtr. Erken Tun

ann II. ve III evresinde Erken Hitit diyebileceimiz yava
ark yapm anak mlekle
birlikte kullanlan sz konusu
gelenek Cappadocian Painted
Waredir ve ilk buluntu yerinden dolay Aliar III olarak da
tannmaktadr. Gelenein nvesi olan Intermediate Warein
gelimi boyama tarzn yanstan bu anak mlek kltr,
ayn zamanda Kapadokyann
Erken Tun andaki snrn
da belirginletirmektedir.
Kapadokyada Erken Tun
an en iyi temsil eden iki
merkez, Aksarayn kuzeyindeki Acemhyk ve Kayserinin
kuzeydousundaki
Kltepe
hykleridir. an II. evresi
itibariyle evre kltr blgelerinin siyaset, ticaret ve retimini
rgtleyen egemen konumlar
itibariyle Anadolu ve Anadolu
dndan birok kent devletiyle
ilikide bulunmulardr. Bunlardan zellikle Kltepe, Asur
Ticaret Kolonileri anda
Anadolunun bakenti olacak
stratejik konumunu, daha Er-
were found in the settlement

of Guvercinkayasi in the northwest of the district of Gulagac,
Aksaray and on the hill east of
the famous Hittite monument
Fraktin to the southeast of
the district of Develi, Kayseri.
And in the Civelek Cave in the
district of Gulsehir, Nevsehir,
finds different from the ceramic
cultures of the period but again
carrying the effect of the painted pottery cultures of Mesopotamia have been found. The
Civelek Cave is important as it
represents the earliest known
example of a rock settlement
in Cappadocia.
Guvercinkayasi was established at one of the most convenient locations giving passage over the Melendiz River,
on the edge of a hill jutting out
like a peninsula; it must have
had the function of an important station on the migration
route. Guvercinkayasi, needed
some structure of protection
given its strategic position,
and is a village settlement with
its defensive system having a
tower, and three city walls protecting its peninsula position
and other parts intertwined,
and with cliffs on the South
which are high and impossible
to climb. Great storage silos,
grinding benches, stoves and
ovens were made in certain
determined areas in the inner
parts of the city walls, at different levels. A series of structures inside the city wall structure with the appearance of a
workshop shows that planned
construction was made here.
Moreover, even though arguably, it is thought that a social
class similar to the landlordism of Central Anatolia was
developed in Guvercinkayasi
7000-6800 before the present,
prior to the onset of urbanization. If the existence of this
stratified society, which got its
power from surplus or large
lands, and which is thought
to have defended its assets

by thick walls, can be proved,
it is clear that Guvercinkayasi
represents the earliest example of the phenomenon of
urbanization, which emerged
for the first time in Mesopotamia, in Anatolia. Indeed, as
mentioned above, the spread
of pottery of the late Ubaid
period shows one of the most
important steps in the process
of urbanization in Mesopotamia, and indicates that Guvercinkayasi was no stranger to
this concept.
The dark-faced pottery of Cappadocia which dominated the
period was found at Guvercinkayasi, in the Kosk Mound,
at Tepecik-Ciftlik and Kabakulak, and this element indicates
Cappadocia was within the
Anatolian tradition. However,
on the other hand, another type
of pottery, which was collected
from the slopes of the High
Church in the district of Guzelagac, Aksaray and documented through excavation was
unearthed; and these works
of pottery were dark-faced,
but carry unique carved and
encrusted decoration, were
termed characteristics of the
Gelveri Culture. This pottery
culture, which represented the
land trade spread over a wide
geography from the coasts of
the Eastern Mediterranean
Sea to the interior of the Balkans, had its origin in Cappadocia from the dates of the
earliest finds. This culture is
the earliest concrete evidence
that the Balkan geography and
Cappadocia established commercial and cultural relations.
Early Bronze Age: Cappadocia within the City-State
Process
Cappadocia has a position
carring a strong local tradition but, at the same time was
a commercial and cultural
shareholder in the universal

old-world extending from the
Aegean and the Balkans to
Mesopotamia and the Caucasus during the Early Bronze
Age in Anatolia in the period
from 5300 / 5000 to 4000 years
ago. The feature of this period
is that independent city-states
including their own religious
and administrative structures,
and some of which were fortified, were established. Bronze
was obtained from the production of copper with the addition of tin, and more resistant
agricultural and craft tools and
weapons were produced.
The metal workshop, showing
copper was produced in Cappadocia and which has been
the most studied, is at Kestel/
Sarituzla to the southwest of
the district of Camardi, Nigde.
The ones who worked here
settled in Goltepe, 2 km south
of the workshop. As a result
of the research, it has been
accurately documented that
hematite (iron ore) and cassiterite (tin ore) minerals were
extracted at Kestel.
While the tradition transferred
from the Chalcolithic Age continued into the First phase
of the Early Bronze Age, evidence for the migration of
peoples from the Balkans and
the Caucasus was found in the
IInd phase of this age. One of
the most important indicators
of cultural change is the darkfaced pottery tradition gave
way to red-faced ceramics.
While the new ceramic culture
was generally concentrated in
the western part of the Kizilirmak and in Mid-North Anatolia, a painted pottery culture
emerged within the Kizilirmak
bow, and to its south and
east. The tradition in question, which was used together
with slow wheel-made pottery
that can be called Early Hittite
in the IInd and IIIrd phases of
ken Tun anda oluturmaya balamtr. Erken Tun

ann sonlarna ait tabakalarnda (13.-11. kltr katlar)
byk bir hanedanln yaadn gsteren nik sanat
eserlerine ve megaron tarz
byk yaplara ulalmtr.
Mezopotamyada yaanan
siyasi kargaa ve sonrasnda yeni egemenliklerin oluum srecinde Anadoludaki kent devletleri varln
Anadoluda yaz bu dnemde henz tannmaz iken,

Mezopotamyann ivi yazl
kaynaklarndan
Orta
Anadolunun tarihi corafyas
hakknda ok nemli bilgilere
ulalmaktadr.
Yazl kaytlara gre Erken
Tun ann son evresinde
(ET III), Mezopotamyann
Akkadl
kral
Sargonun
(arrum-kin) Kapadokya Blgesi zenginliklerine sahip
olmak, kendi ticari kervanlarnn gvenliini salamak
ve buradaki siyasi erki kendi
kontrolne almak amacyla
askeri sefer dzenledii grlmektedir.
Sargon, yazl kaytlarnda
kendisine kar oluan koalisyonu bertaraf ettiini yazmaktadr; bu metin, Anadolunun
bilinen en eski kralnn ad
Nur-daggal da zikretmektedir. Sargonun torunu NaramSin, bir baka Anadolulu kral
olan Hatti kral Pampann adn vermektedir.
Naram-Sin, Pampa tarafndan
kendisine kar birletirilen
Anadolunun 17 kralyla savatn ancak onlar malup ettiini kaydetmitir. Kayserinin
hemen
kuzeydousundaki
Kltepe ile Aksarayn kuzeybatsndaki Acemhyk yerleimlerinde, Akkad dnemine
ilikin ok nemli arkeolojik
buluntulara ulalmtr.
Akkad kral tarafndan Buruhattum olarak adlandrlan
kent devleti, birok aratrmac
tarafndan Acemhyk ile eletirilmektedir.
koruyacak, daha organize

yapsyla n Asyann siyasi-ticari hayatn ynlendiren nemli bir aktr olacaktr.
the Early Bronze Age, is called

Cappadocian Painted Ware,
and is also known as Alisar III
due to the place where it was
first found. This pottery culture, reflecting the advanced
painting style of Intermediate
Ware which is the nucleus of
this tradition, also underscores
the limit of Cappadocia during
the Early Bronze Age.
The two centers that represent
the Early Bronze Age best in
Cappadocia, are Acemhoyuk
North of Aksaray and the
Kultepe mound to the northeast of Kayseri. They had relationships with many city-states
in and beyond Anatolia, a consequence of their dominant
positions organizing politics,
commerce and production in
the environmental cultural regions of the IInd phase of the
age. Of these in particular,
Kultepe began, already in the
Early Bronze Age to create its
strategic position that would
become the capital of Anatolia in the Age of the Assyrian
Trade Colonies. Unique works

of art and megaron style large
buildings, showing the presence of a great dynasty, were
found in the layers belonging
to the end of Early Bronze Age
(13th-11th culture layers).
While writing is not yet found in
Anatolia during this period, very
important information concerning the historical geography of
Central Anatolia is obtained
from the cuneiform written
sources of Mesopotamia. According to the written records,
King Sargon of Akkad, Mesopotamia organized military expeditions in order to possess
the wealth of the Cappadocian
Region, ensure the safety of
his own commercial caravans,
and take over political authority
here, during the last phase of
the Early Bronze Age (EBA III).
Sargon writes that he disposed
of the coalition against him,
in the written record; this text
also mentions the name of the
oldest known king of Anatolia,
namely Nurdaggal. Naram-
Sin, the grandson of Sargon,

gives the name of Pampa, the
Hittite king, who was another
Anatolian king. Naram-Sin recorded that he fought against
17 kings of Anatolia, a coalition
combined by Pampa against
him, and that he had defeated
them.
Very important archaeological
finds relating to the Akkadian
period were found in the settlements of Kultepe to the northeast of Kayseri and at Acemhoyuk to the northwest of
Aksaray. The city state named
as Burushattum by the king of
Akkad is identified with Acemhoyuk by many researchers.
These city states in Anatolia
would protect their existence
and would be an important
actor driving the political and
commercial life of Asia Minor
with its more organized structure in the process of formation
of new sovereignties during
and after the political turmoil in
Mesopotamia.
Topraa Ses Verenler,

Mziin Ritmi: DARBUKA
lediini, ancak baln derisini
yzdkten sonra deriyi alp bir
kenara ayrdn fark ettim. Ne
yaptn sorunca, O da yayn
balnn derisinden bir arkadann darbuka, def vb mzik
aletleri imal ettiini syledi.
smet ZTRK, Rehber

Yllar nce Avanosta Bizim
Ev restoranda yabanc misafirlerimle yemek yerken, ef
ann bir yayn bal temiz-
nanamadm ve kim olduunu sordum. Konunun peini

brakmayarak iz srdm. Aradm atlyeyi bulduumda o
kiinin, tandm ok iyi anak
ustalarndan Mehmet Krk olduunu grdm. Ho bir
sohbetten sonra Mehmetin
odun ateinde demledii ay
yudumlayarak konuyla ilgili derin bir sohbete daldk. Mehmet
beni bu konu ile ilgili baya
bilgilendirdi. Anlatt eyler,
verdii bilgiler olduka ilgin
ve deerli idi... Bana bir de kk bir gsteri yaptlar. Sonra

bu iki insann nasl bir araya
gelerek dnya apnda kaliteli
esiz Udu Dram ya da Dmbelek, Darbukay yaptklarn,
nasl gelitirdiklerini anlattlar
bana...
Mehmet Krk, Avanoslu,
1966 doumlu bir anak ustas. Bu ie daha on yalarnda
balam; o gn bugn toprakla, amurla har neir olmu.
30-35 sene gemi aradan tabii bu kaliteyi ve ustal yakalayana kadar.
Sonra bir gn M. Emin Bolat
kagelmi Avanosa. Emin
bey bir ritim ustas ve ite
hikayesi:
Those Who Give Sound to the Earth,

Ismet OZTURK, Tour Guide
Years ago, while I was having dinner with some foreign
guests at Bizim Ev (Our
House) restaurant in Avanos, I noticed that the chef
was cleaning a catfish, but
after skinning the fish, he was
putting the skin to one side,
not throwing it away. When
I asked why he was saving
the skins, he told me that a
friend of his made musical instruments, such as the goblet
drum, the tambourine etc. with
catfish skin.
I could not believe what I heard,
and so I asked him who this
man was. I pursued and traced
the man. When I found the
workshop I was looking for, I
found the person was Mehmet
Korukcu, one of the best masters of the craft of pottery that I
ever knew. We had a pleasant
and deep conversation about
the matter, while sipping the
tea Mehmet brewed over the
wood-fire. He told me a great
deal about this matter and the
things he told, the information
he gave, were extremely interesting and valuable
And they did a little show for
me. Then they told me how
these two people had come
together and made the worldclass quality and quite unique
Udu Dram the goblet drum,
and spoke about exactly how
they had developed it.
Mehmet Korukcu is a master
of pottery from Avanos, born in
1966. He started working in
the pottery at
the age of ten
and he has
been immersed in earth and

mud ever since. Of course a
Sag, he said he could not get a

good tune, that he had been to
considerable time, 30-35 years

passed, before he reached his
present level of quality and
craftsmanship.
all the regions of Turkey where

the goblet drum was made
from a clay pot (Iznik, Menemen and Samandag), but
could not find a right one, that
the products looked in general more like a vase than a
drum, and he could not get the
sound he was looking for and
needed from them. And Arif
Sag said, Did you go to
Avanos? He said,
No. Also go there,
and find Mehmet,
he said. Would
I stop looking?
said Emin, I immediately
got
out of the studio,
bought a ticket,
and I was in Avanos the next morning. He asked for Mehmet,
and found The life stories
of both resemble each other;
both started their lifeworks
when they were children.
Then one day, M. Emin Bolat

came to Avanos. Mr. Bolat
is a master of rhythm, and
here is his story:
One day, they
entered the
studio
for
sound recording
with Arif
Sag in
Is-
t a n bul. Whlie
they
were
talking with Arif
Darbuka / Goblet Drum
Bir gn stanbulda Arif Sa

ile stdyoya girmiler ses
kayd iin. Arif beyle konuurken bir trl iyi bir akort yakalayamadn,
Trkiyenin
anaktan amurdan darbuka
yaplan tm yrelerini (znik,
Menemen, Samanda) gezdiini ama bulamadn, genelde yaplan rnlerin daha ok
vazoya benzediini, istedii o
akortu bir trl yakalayamadn sylemi. Arif Sa da
Avanosa gittin mi? diye sormu... O da hayr demi. Bir
de oraya git, Mehmeti ara bul
demi. Durur muyum diyor
Emin, hemen stdyodan kp bir bilet aldm ertesi sabah
Avanostaym. Mehmeti aram sormu bulmu... kisinin
de hayat hikayeleri rtyor;
ikisi de ocuk yalarda balamlar ilerine.
M. Emin Bolat 1966, skenderun doumlu. Daha ilkokul
alarnda merak salm mzie; eitimine devam etmemi
onun iin. lk mzik aletini un

elenen elee gazoz kapaklarn takarak yapm kendisi. yi
akort tutan, ritim veren, iyi ve
kaliteli enstrman bulamadndan evde kendisi yapmaya balam. Uzun uralar,
emekler vererek kendisi iin
tef ve bendir ile balam.
Zamanla yeni almalar yaparak enstrman eitlerini daha
da oaltp gelitirmi.
Bendir; Klasik Trk Musikisinde ve zellikle Mevlevi zikir musikisinde daire veya def
adyla bilinen vurmal algnn
marip lkelerine (zellikle
Fas ve Cezayir) zg biimidir.
Marip Arapasndan alnan
bendir ad Trkiyede 1980lerden sonra yaygn kullanma kavumutur. Genellikle 40 ila 55
cm apnda daire eklindeki bir
kasnaa deri germek suretiyle
imal edilen bendirin belirgin bir
zellii, rezonans salamak
amacyla i tarafna gerilen iplerdir. Ayn enstrman 12. yz-
yldan itibaren Ortaa Avrupa

mziinde timbre veya tymbre
(Franszca) adyla yaygn olarak kullanlmtr. Arapa adn
Franszcadan aktarlm olmas kuvvetli olaslktr.
Trkiyede son dnemlerde
kullanm alan yaygnlamaya
balam olup, ilahi mziinin
yannda Trk Halk Mziinde
en ok kullanlan ritim aleti olmutur. Bunun yannda Trke rock paralarda da zaman
zaman grlebilmektedir.
1994 ylnda ilk atlyesini stanbul Beyolunda Emin Percussion adn vererek at.
Teknik, estetik, ses deerleri
bakmndan ok zel titiz uygulamalarla, el iilii ile yaplan tm enstrmanlarn form
ve tasarmn kendisi yapmaktadr. El emei gz nuru
ile Kzlrmakn amurundan,
yayn balnn derisinden yaplan bu ok zel enstrmanlar bata Trkiye olmak zere
M. Emin Bolat was born in Iskenderun, in 1966. He was interested in music even at elementary school and he did not
continue his education for this
reason. He made his first musical instrument by installing
soda bottle caps on the flour
sieve. As he could not find a
good and high-quality musical
instrument that was well tuning and with a good sounding
rhythm; he gave up looking and
began to make one at home
for himself. He started by making a tambourine, a bendir,
for himself, through long effort,
hard earned experience and
workmanship. Over time, he
increased and developed the
range of musical instruments
he produced through making
further new studies.
The bendir is the type of the percussion instrument known as
tambourine in Classical Turkish
Music and especially employed
in Mevlevi ritual music, which is
specific to the countries of the
Maghreb (especially Morocco
and Algeria). The name bendir,
taken from Maghreb Arabic became widely used in Turkey after
the 1980s. A significant feature
of the bendir, which is manufactured by stretching a skin over a
circular hoop, the hoop usually
having a diameter of 40-55 cm,
are the strings that are stretched
over the inner side to provide
resonance to the sound. The
same musical instrument was
widely used in medieval European music, having the name timbre or tymbre (in French), starting from the 12th century. There
is the strong probability that the
Arabic name was transferred
into French. Its widespread usage has started in recent years
in Turkey, and it is the most used
rhythm instrument of Turkish
Folk Music today, in addition to
its use in the divine music of the
Mevlevi Sema. In addition, it can
also be found, used in Turkish
rock music from time to time.
Udu Dram
He opened his first workshop

with the name Emin Percussion
in Beyoglu, Istanbul, in 1994.
He himself makes the form and
design of all the musical instruments which are made through
very special and meticulous
practices in terms of technics,
aesthetics and sound values,
by hand. These very special
musical instruments made by
hand, from the mud of the Kizilirmak River and from catfish
skin, are used in the worlds
major countries, and particularly in Turkey today.
These instruments have entered
the international market over the
last 5 to 6 years and their unique
sound appeals to 70% foreign
customers. All are individual and
hand-made and each is unique.
Its weight and degree of furnacing are very important. Choosing
the right skin etc. are very important factors. The reasons for preferring the skin of capricorn, goat,
beef, and catfish is that these
skins are able to be tuned, they
have the tuning feature, as they
are without scales or hair pores
Mehmet Krk & Emin Bolat
and these skins are employed in

all the percussion musical instruments of this type in the world.
We end our conversation about
this different story giving the last
word to Mr. Bolat, and we learn
the reach of his aim,
The goblet drum is the

spinal cord of music, this
music should be promoted
and World of Civilization
should reverberate to the
sound of rhythm, he says.
and then we depart, taking with
us the sound of this particular
wonderful catfish skinned musical instrument
Darbuka / Goblet Drum
dnyann belli bal lkelerinde kullanlmaktadr.

Be, alt yldr uluslararas
pazara yneldi. %70 yabanc
mteriye hitap ediyor. Hepsi
el yapm. Yaplan bir rnn
ikinci bir rnei yok. Arlk
derecesi, frnda pime derecesi ok nemli.
Derinin iyi seilmesi vb nemli faktrler. Olak, kei, sr,
yayn bal derisini tercih nedeni pulsuz ve kl gzenekleri
olmadndan akort brakma
zellii var. Btn dnya mziklerinde kullanlr.
Emin Beyle syleimizi, son
szn ve amacn alp bu
farkl hikayeyi burada noktalarken, kendimizi bu zel
enstrmann sesine brakarak
ayrlyoruz
Darbuka mziin omurilii, bu mzii tevik edip,
Medeniyet Dnyasn
ritim sesiyle inletmek gerek, diyor.
Kulamzda yayn bal derili esiz darbukadan kan
mziin kalntsyla oradan
ayrlyoruz.

Trakyal
Hemehrimiz:
ORPHEUS
Sleyman DNGL, Rehber
Son gnlerde Orpheus zerine gazetelerde haberler gryoruz. zgen Acar Ozan
Orpheus Dnyor diye 02
Aralk 2012 Cumhuriyet Gazetesindeki
makalesinde
Orpheusu anlatyor. Urfadan
giden Orpheus mozaiinin
geri geleceini sylyor ve bir
baka mozaiin -Orpheusu
paralayan
Maenadlardan
birine ait olan mozaiin- ne
zaman geleceini soruyor.
Daha sonraki bir haberde
Orpheus mozaiinin geri geldii ve 06 Aralk 2012de Erturul Gnayn stanbulda
bir basn toplantsnda tantt anlatlyor.
Fakat en ilgin, en gzel Orpheus mozaii, yabanc mitoloji
kitaplarnda da resmi gsterilen mozaik, Tarsus Mozaii
diye bilinen, Hatay Mzesi byk salon duvarnda sergilenen Orpheus Mozaiidir.
Orpheus Kimdir?
Orpheus benim de yaammda arkada olduum gibi bir
mzisyen, bir gitarist, Trakyal bir hemehrimizdir. Antalya
yaknlar, Yenikyde de bir
Orfe iftlii var.
efik Cann Mitoloji kitabnn 225. sayfasnda Orpheus Bir rivayete gre
Apollonun, dier bir rivayete gre bir rmak tanrs
olan Oiagrusun olu olup,
anas Kalliope adndaki ilham perisidir.
Orpheus, lirinden o kadar

ho sesler karrd ki, yrtc hayvanlar inlerinden
kp onun dizleri dibine
yatarlard; kular havada umaktan vazgeer,
onun yanna gelip konarlard. O, lirini almaya
balaynca aalar heyecandan titrer, kayalar bile
ona doru koarlard.
Argonautlar seferine katlm,
liriyle byk iler baarmtr.
Bir rivayete gre Karadenize
alan boazdaki yaln oynak kayalar lirinin ahengiyle
yere balayan ve arkadalarn lmden kurtaran o idi. Yine
lirini alarak altn postu bekleyen ejderi onun uyutmu olduunu syleyenler de vardr.
Orpheus Argonautlarla beraber Kolchisten dndkten
sonra Trakyaya yerleti ve
orann kral oldu. O srada
ok gzel bir peri kz olan
Eurydikeye gnl vermi,
onunla evlenmiti. Karsn
ldrasya seviyordu. Bir gn
sevgili kars, Aristoios adndaki bir obann takibinden
kurtulmak iin kaarken, sk
otlar arasnda gizlenen bir ylan gremedi, stne bast,
ylan Eurydikeyi srnca gzel
kadn ok yaayamad, ld.
Sevgili karsnn lmnden
sonra Orpheus, dnyada hibir kimsenin hissedemeyecei
byk bir zdrabn ve yeisin

tesiriyle kvranmaya balad. Kendini avutmak iin, lirini
alarak Trakya dalarna kt,
ald ard, da ta inletti. Fakat hibir ey onu teselli
edemedi, daima Eurydikenin
hayali gznn nnde idi.
Onsuz
yaayamayacan
anlaynca, yeraltna karanlk
aleme inmeyi bile gze ald,
talam kalplerin bulunduu
karanlk diyara inerek sevgilisini aramak istedi. teki alemin
kapsna geldi, lirini almaya
balad. Cehennemin kapsn
bekleyen bal Kerberosun
bile az ak kald. ksionun
tekerlei, lirin sesini dinlemek
iin dnmeyi brakt.
Nihayet Orpheus yeralt tanrs Hadesin huzuruna kt.
Lirini daha hazin, daha ackl
almaya balad. Merhametsiz Hadesin kalbi yumuad.
Orpheusa bir artla karsn
geri verebileceini syledi.
art u idi: Yeryzne kncaya dein kendisini takip edecek olan sevgilisinin yzne
bakmayacakt. Orpheus sevindi, gn na doru yrmeye
balad. Kars kendisini takip
ediyordu. Nerede ise yeryzne kacaklard, fakat ak atei
ile yanan Orpheus dayanamad. Hadesin szn unutarak
Eurydikeyi grmek iin geri
dnd, bakt ve sevgili kars
bir buhar gibi bir anda havaya
ykselip kayboldu. Tam yedi
ay yaln bir kayann stnde
kald Orpheus ve liriyle zdra-
Our Thracian Countryman: ORPHEUS

Suleyman DINGIL, Tour Guide
Recently, we find news in the
newspapers concerning Orpheus. Ozgen Acar tells us about
Orpheus in his article entitled:
Minstrel Orpheus Returns in
the Cumhuriyet Newspaper dated December the 2nd, 2012. He
reports that the Orpheus mosaic
taken from Urfa will be returned,
and he asks when another mosaic - that depicting one of the Maenads pulling Orpheus to pieces
- will be returned. In a later news
item, it was reported that the Orpheus mosaic had been returned
and been introduced to the public
by the Minister Ertugrul Gunay at
a press conference held on December 6th, 2012, in Istanbul.

However, the most interesting
and the most beautiful Orpheus
mosaic, the picture of which is
frequently illustrated in foreign
books on mythology, is the Orpheus Mosaic known as the
Tarsus Mosaic, which is exhibited on the wall of the large hall
of the Hatay Museum, Antakya.
Who was Orpheus?
Orpheus was a musician, a
guitarist-like lyre player, and a
Thracian countryman of ours,

just like a friend of mine. And
there is an Orfe Farm in Yenikoy, near Antalya.
On the 225th page of Sefik Cans
book Mythology, Orpheus is
described as: Apollos son
according to one legend, or
the son of Oiagrus, the river
god, according to another
legend, and his mother was
the muse called Calliope.
Orpheus made such

pleasant sounds with his
Orpheus Mozaii, Hatay Arkeoloji Mzesi / Orpheus Mosaic, Hatay Archaeological Museum
Trakyal Hemehrimiz: ORPHEUS / Our Thracian Countryman: ORPHEUS
bn kayalara anlatt. Kaplanlar, meeler, kayalar onu dinlemeye yanna geliyorlard.

nsanlara mzikle sarho olmay rettii ve arapla sarho olmay reddettii, baka
kadnlar grmedii iin Bakkhalar (sarho lgn bakireler), fkeli Trakyal kadnlar
Orpheusun zerine ullanarak
onu para para ettiler. Kafas rmaa dt, oradan denize Yzerek Midilli Adasna
kadar gitti. Sonra orada Orpheusular tarafndan bir tapnak yapld.
Mitoloji kitaplar Orpheusu
byle anlatyor. Orpheusu ben
ne zaman tandm? stanbulda
niversitede renci iken gita-
ra yeni balamtm. 1960l yllarda dnyada ve stanbulda

bir film ok gncelleti, nlendi; Orfe Negro (Siyah Orfe).
Mzii Manha de Carnaval
yle nlendi ki benim de ilk almaya baladm ve sevdiim
bir ark oldu. Orfe Negro, Rio
de Jenairoda karnavalda evrilen bir film. Trakya nere, Brezilyadaki Rio de Jenario nere?
Rio Karnavalnda insanlar
lgnca eleniyor, yzlerce insan yaamn yitiriyor, Orpheus adnda bir gen de sevgilisi
Eurydikeyi yitiriyor, ldn
anlayp morglarda onu aryor.
Sonra da Rioda bizim sarp
Beydalar tepelerine benzeyen dalara kp sabahlara
kadar gitaryla gne doarken, afakta gnee yalvarp
benim sevgilimi bana getirin,

diye atlar yakyor. O zamann filmleri daha ok Franszca
arklarla ssleniyordu. arknn ilk msras Maten fait le
vait le soleil (Do ey gne,
do da sevgilimi bana getir)
diye balyordu. Sevdiim gitarmla aldm ve arksn
becerebildiim kadar Franszca szleriyle sylediim bir
ark olarak yaammda yer
ederken, yllar sonra rehberlik
mesleimde birden Orpheus
mitolojisiyle karlatm.
Bergamada aa yama
kentte Demeter Tapna
vardr. Demeter anlatlrken
kz Persephoneyi de anlatmak gerekir. Persephone ile
Orpheusun Eurydikesinin yer-
Ozan Orpheus dnyor zgen ACAR Cumhuriyet Gazetesi / Minstrel Orpheus Returns Ozgen Acar The Cumhuriyet Newspaper
lyre that the wild animals

would get out of their lairs
and lay at his feet; the
birds would stop flying and
perch beside him. When
he started to play his lyre,
the trees would tremble
with excitement and even
the rocks would run to him.
He participated in the expedition of the Argonauts and
achieved great things with his
lyre. According to one legend,
it was Orpheus who stilled the
moving rocks in the strait opening into the Black Sea through
the harmony of sound he produced from his lyre, and as a
result he rescued his friends
from certain death. Again, there
are also those who say that he
sent the dragon, which was
guarded the Golden Fleece, to
sleep through playing his lyre.
After returning from Colchis
with the Argonauts, Orpheus
settled in Thrace and became
its king. At that time, he had
fallen in love with a very beautiful fairy girl named Eurydice
and he married her. He greatly
loved his wife. One day, when
his beloved wife was escaping
from the pursuit of a shepherd
called Aristaeus, she was unable to see a serpent which had
hidden in the tall grass, and she
stepped on it. When the serpent bit Eurydice, this beautiful
woman could not live long, and
she died. After the death of his
beloved wife, Orpheus became
convulsed with the agony and
misery of bereavement and felt
a sorrow that could not be felt
by anyone else in the world.
To console himself, he took his
lyre and went into the mountains of Thrace, played upon
it and tore the place down. But
nothing could console him as
the thought of Eurydice was
always on his mind. When he
realized that he could not live

without her, he even risked
going into the underworld, into
the dark realm, as he wished
to search for his lost lover by
going down into the dark realm
where the petrified hearts
were. He came to the door of
the other realm, and started to
play his lyre. Even the mouth
of the three-headed Cerberus,
who guarded the door into hell,
fell open. And Ixions wheel
stopped turning so it could listen to the sound of the lyre.
Finally, Orpheus reached Hades, the God of the Underworld
and Orpheus began to play his
lyre even more sadly and movingly. The heart of the merciless Hades was softened. He
told Orpheus that he could give
back his wife on one condition.
This condition was that Orpheus would not look at his lovers face, she would be following behind him, until they came
out on to the earth. Orpheus
was delighted, accepting Hades condition and he began to
walk toward the light of day. His
wife followed behind him. They
were almost coming out onto
the surface of the earth, but Orpheus, burning with love, could
not resist it. He entirely forgot
Hades words, and he turned
back to see Eurydice. However, when he looked at her, his
beloved wife at once rose into
the air like vapor and she disappeared. Orpheus stayed on
a steep rock for seven months
and he told of his sorrow to the
rocks through his lyre. The tigers, oaks and rocks all came
near to listen to him.
As Orpheus taught people to
get drunk, not with wine but
with the sounds of music, and
was paying no attention to other women, the Bacchante (wild
drunk virgins), the angry Thracian women swooped down on
him and tore his body into pieces. His head fell into the river,
and from there went into the

sea... It swam up to the island
of Lesbos. Later, a temple was
built there by the Orpheusians.
The books of mythology describe Orpheuss life like this.
When did I first hear of Orpheus? I first heard of Orpheus
when I was a beginner on the
guitar, as a student at Istanbul
University. A movie became
very popular and famous in Istanbul and throughout the world
in the 1960s; it was called: Orfe
Negro (Black Orpheus). Its music, the Manha de Carnaval became so well known that it was
the song which I first started to
play and loved. Orfe Negro is a
movie made about the carnival
in Rio de Janeiro. But Thrace
and Rio de Janeiro in Brazil are
so far apart! In the Rio Carnival,
people have fun like crazy and
hundreds of people lose their
lives. And a young man named
Orpheus loses his lover named
Eurydice, finds out that she is
dead, and looks for her in the
morgues. Then, he goes up
into the mountains similar to the
steep hills of our Beydaglari by
Antalya Bay, and laments with
his guitar until dawn, pleading
to the sun to bring back his
lover to him. The movies of that
time were often adorned with
French songs. The first line of
the song began: Maten fait
le vait le soleil (Rise, O sun,
rise to bring me my beloved).
While it took its place in my
life as a song that I loved, and
played on my guitar, and sang
the French words as much as I
could, many years later I suddenly met with the mythology of
Orpheus in my profession as a
tour guide.
There is the Temple of Demeter in the city below the slope
in Pergamon. While describing Demeter, her daughter
Persephone should also be
mentioned. There is a parallel between the departure of
altna gidilerinde bir paralellik

vardr. Hades, Demeterin kz
Persephoneyi zorla yeraltna
karr. Annesi, kzn elinde
meale ile yeralt dnyasnda
da arar ve Hadesin yannda
bulur. Sonra tanrlarn karar zere Persephone yln bir
blmn yeraltnda bir blmn yeryznde geirir. Yeryznde iken bahar yaz, yeraltnda iken k olur. Bunlar
anlattktan sonra Orpheusun
hznl arksn tapna terk
etmeden sylerim. Yirmi-yirmi
be yl ncesi yllardaki turistlerin ou Orfe Negro filmini
de arky da anmsar. Bu benim houma gider, grubun da
houna gittiini sanrm.
Yllar sonra Studiosus rehber-
leriyle bir Dou Karadeniz ve

Dou Anadolu inceleme eitim
gezisi yaptk. Ben, Karadeniz
ormanlar, ay, fndk konularnn yan sra, Argonautlarn
Kolchiste altn postu aramaya
giderken Argo gemisinde Herakles gibi yar tanrlarn bile
krek ekmede grev almasnn yannda, Orpheusa geminin ba tarafnda oturmas,
onlara gitar alma, mzik yapma ve krek ekme temposu
verme grevinin verildiini ve
sonunda Orpheusun ackl
yaam yksn anlatyorum,
Manha de Carnaval arksn syleyerek sunumumu bitiriyorum.
Yine yllar sonra bir rastlant
sonucu stanbuldan Oktogon
acentesi aracl ile gelen

mterilerin sviredeki acentelerin adnn Orpheus olduunu reniyorum. Turumuz
Antalyadan balyor, Silifke,
Tarsus, Hatay, Kapadokyaya
devam ediyor. Doruk noktas, Orpheus grubu ile Hatay
Mzesinde Tarsus Mozaii
(Orpheus) nnde mitolojisinin
anlatm ve grup fotoraf.
En son gelelim Antalyaya;
Yaknmz, ahbabmz Feriha hanmla Orhan Bey
(Orfe iftliinin sahipleri)
Yenikyde turistik bir at iftlii
kuruyorlar. simlerinin ilk heceleri olan OR-FE szcn
isim olarak iftlie veriyorlar.
nce farknda deiller. Mzeden bir arkeolog arkadalar,
Persephone and of Orpheus

Eurydice into the underworld.
Hades takes Demeters daughter Persephone into the underground by force. The mother
searches for her daughter with
a torch in her hand even in
the underworld, and finds her
near Hades. Then due to the
decision made by the gods,
Persephone spends a portion
of the year underground and
the other portion here on earth.
It is spring-summer while she
is on the earth, and it is winter
while she is under the ground.
After telling of these, I sing Orpheus sad song before leaving
the temple. Most of the tourists
remembering twenty to twenty
five years ago remember both
the Orfe Negro film, and the
song. This pleases me, and I
think it also pleases the group.
Years later we made a field trip
to study the Eastern Black Sea
and Eastern Anatolia with the
Studiosus tour guides. In addition to the subjects of the Black
Sea forests, tea and nuts, I told
that Orpheus was given the
task of sitting at the head of the
ship, and playing to them on
his guitar, making music and
giving them the pace for rowing
to, although even the demigods
like Heracles were involved in
rowing the ship called Argo
while the Argonauts were going to Colchis to search for the
Golden Fleece. Finally, I told of
Orpheus tragic life story, and
I finished my presentation by
singing the song, Manha de
Carnaval.
Again years later, as a result
of a coincidence, I learned
that the name of the Swiss
travel agency of the customers coming from Istanbul via
the Oktogon travel agency
was Orpheus. Our tour started
from Antalya and continued to
Silifke, Tarsus, Istanbul, and
Cappadocia. Its climax was
the explanation of the Orpheus
mythology in front of the Tarsus

Mosaic (Orpheus) in the Hatay
Museum to the Orpheus group,
and taking the group photo.
Finally, lets get to Antalya;
Mrs. Feriha and Mr. Orhan (the
owners of the Orfe Farm), our
friends, our buddies establish
a touristic ranch for horses at
Yenikoy. They gave their farm
the name OR-FE, the first syllables of their names. First,
they were unaware of its meaning. An archaeologist friend of
theirs from the museum told
them, Do not ever change
this name, preserve it. In the
meantime, I am also thinking
of making a goodwill gesture.
Just as I had the Pan and Syrinx painting of Rubens and its
mythology designed in the Ata
Photographers in Antalya and
given to the Pinarbasi Alabalik
Ciftligi (Trout Farm) Restaurant at the Eldere exit of the
Meander River as a present, I
also have the Tarsus Mosaic
of Orpheus in Hatay turned
into a picture in the Ata Photographers and write the mythology beneath it, and give it
to the Orfe Farm as a present.
Through this, I commemorate
our countryman Orpheus both
with his mosaics and with his
legends.
By the way, as a note, lets
briefly also mention the stringed
instruments and the wind instruments.
The inventor of the wind

instruments was Pan in
Mediterranean Mythology. It was Pan who made
the Pan pipes-flute from
the reeds of the Karakuyu Lake, a lake that
we call Lake Pan, or
rather, from Syrinx who
had turned into reeds.
The inventor of the stringed

instruments is not Orpheus.
Orpheus is the mortal who
played the lyre, the ancestor
of the stringed instruments,
the most skillfully. The God
known as Hermes made the
first one. Hermes is portrayed
with a turtle under on his feet
in the Hall of Gods in Antalya
Museum. According to the mythology, Hermes rips out the inside of the turtle, makes strings
from the beef intestines, ties
these to the turtle, and extends
them. In this way, he makes
the first stringed instrument.
The God Apollo says I am also
the god of music, so this instrument should be mine.
Apollo demands the instrument
from Hermes. Hermes says I
will give it to you on one condition; if you get me among the
Gods of Olympus, I will give it to
you. Apollo is the greatest god
in Olympus after Zeus. When
he comes to Olympus, all the
other Gods and Goddesses rise
to their feet. Apollo says Its
okay. Hermes is not yet among
the gods in Olympus and Apollo
gets him up among the gods.
Apollo makes the first

music contest in the mythology between Pan
and Marsyas. However,
Orpheus is the greatest master of the lyre,
the guitar, the stringed
instrument, as Apollos
representative amongst
the mortals.

Sakn bu ismi deitirmeyin,

bu isme sahip kn diyor.
Bu arada ben de Bir jest yapaym diyorum. Nasl Menderes Irmann Eldere kndaki Pnarba Alabalk
iftlii restorana Rubensin
Pan ve Syrinks tablosu ile
mitolojisini Antalyada Ata
fotoraflkta yaptrp, armaan ettiysem, Orpheusun da
Hataydaki Tarsus Mozaiini,
Ata fotoraflkta tablo yaptrp, altna da mitolojisini
yazarak Orfe iftliine armaan ediyorum.
Bylece Trakyal hemehrimiz
Orpheusu, hem mozaikleri
hem de efsaneleri ile anm
oluyorum.
Bu arada bir not olarak telli
sazlara, nefesli sazlara da ksaca deiniverelim.
Nefesli sazlarn bulucusu Akdeniz Mitolojisinde

Pandr. Pan fltn, Pan
Gl dediimiz, Karakuyu Gl kamlarndan,
daha dorusu kamlara
dnen Syrinksten yapan Pandr.
Telli sazlarn bulucusu Orpheus deil, o telli sazlarn atas
liri en ustaca alan lmldr.
lkini, Hermes diye bilinen tanr yapmtr. Antalya Mzesi
Tanrlar salonunda Hermes,
bir ayann altnda kaplumbaa ile gsterilmitir.
Mitolojiye gre Hermes, kaplumbaann iini oyar, sr
barsaklarndan teller yapar,
kaplumbaaya balar ve gerer. Bylece ilk telli saz yapar.
Tanr Apollon, Ben mziin

de tanrsym, bu saz benim
olmaldr der. Hermesten
saz ister. Hermes Bir artla veririm, eer beni Olympos
Tanrlar arasna alrsan veririm der. Apollon Olymposta
Zeustan sonra en byk tanrdr. Olymposa geldiinde tm
Tanrlar, Tanralar ayaa kalkar. Apollon, O, sorun deil
der. Hermes, Olymposta henz tanrlar arasnda deildir.
Apollon onu Olymposa tanrlar arasna karr.
Mitolojideki ilk mzik yarmasn Apollon, Panla,

Marsyasla yapar. Ama
Orpheus, lmller arasnda onun temsilcisi olarak lirin, gitarn, telli sazn
en byk ustasdr.

Lambuka Bal
Eray Nilgn Lambuka Bal ile / Eray Nilgun with the Dorado
Franszca ve Macarcada Dorado

olarak bilinen bu balk, Perciformes ailesine mensuptur. Resimde
grlen 2 nolu Lambuka gen
bireydir.
1758 ylnda snflandrlp adlandrlm bir balktr.
Atilla kr NLGN,
Rehber & Balk Adam
Dnya dillerinde genelde Dorado veya Mahi Mahi eklinde
adlandrlr.
ngilizcede Dorado veya Dolphinfish; Almancada Dorado
veya Gemeine Goldmakrele;
spanyolcada Dorado veya Dorado maverikos; Sicilya Adasnda
Lampuca; Katalancada Llampuga; talyanca, Lehe, Slovence,
Daha ok Atlantik, Gney Amerika, Meksika Krfezi, Bermuda

Adalar, Japon Denizinde, Hint
Okyanusu ve bal tropik ve subtropik denizlerde bulunur.
2 m ile 200 m aras derinliklerde
dolarlar. Portoriko ve civarnda ubat aynda; Floridada Nisan-Mays aylarnda; Japonya
ve Akdenizde Temmuz-Austos
aylarnda yumurta brakrlar.
Ortalama braklan yumurta says
500.000 kadardr. 30 cm boyuna
geldiklerinde yumurta brakma olgunluuna eriirler. Boylar 2 metreye kadar ulaabilir. Akdenizde
50 cm ile 80 cm aralnda grlrler. Lambukalar da kendi iinde
3 snfa ayrlmlardr.
Akdenizde daha ok, Egede
daha az bulunurlar. Marmara
ve Karadenizde grldklerini
duymadm.
Byk apariler ile palamut avlar
gibi avlanabilirler ya da rapallar,
suni kalamar ve syrtma sistemi ile de avlanabilirler. Fransz
Polinezyasnda zpknla avcl
yaplmaktadr. Pet ielere 10
kula misina balayp ucunda
yemi ile denizin zerinde salnma
brakmak sureti ile de avlanr.
Balk yemi kapar, kayk hareketlenen pet ienin peinden gider
ve bal alr.
The Dorado
Atilla Sukru NILGUN, Tour Guide & Diver
This species of fish is often recorded as a Dorado or Mahi Mahi.
This fish, known as a Dorado or a
Dolphinfish in English; a Dorado or
Gemeine Goldmakrele in German;
a Dorado or Dorado maverikos in
Spanish; Lampuca in the Island of
Sicily; Lampuka on the Island of
Malta; Llampuga in Catalan; and
Dorado in Italian, Polish, Slovenian, French and Hungarian, belongs to the family of Perciformes.
The Dorado No. 2 in the photo is
of a young individual.
French Polynesia. They are also

hunted by tying 10 fathoms of
fishing line to plastic bottles and
leaving them on the sea to swing
with the bait at the end. The fish
catches the bait, the boat goes
after the moving plastic bottle and
gets the fish.
As the fish is very fast and agile,
hunting it with a spear is very difficult as they swim at an average
speed of 60 km./hr., and, if necessary, their speed can reach up
to 50 knots, that is, 92.6 km./hr.
They can jump up to 6 m.

out from the surface of the
water and it is very enjoyable to play one to the boat
at the end of the fishing line.
It comes leaping from the
water like a swordfish and is
a very special fish to catch
for novice/amateur hunters.
The region Europeans choose to
hunt the Dorado is around the Is
This type of fish was first classified and named in 1758 and it is
mostly found in the Atlantic, South
America, the Gulf of Mexico, the
Bermuda Islands, the Sea of Japan, the Indian Ocean and its
tropical and subtropical seas and
in the Mediterranean.
They circulate at depths of between two and two hundred meters. They lay eggs in and around
Puerto Rico in February; in Florida
in April-May; and in Japan and in
the Mediterranean in July-August.
The average number of eggs that
is laid is about half a million. When
these fish reach a length of 30 cm,
they have reached the age of egg
laying maturity and they can grow
up to 2 meters long. In the Mediterranean they are usually range
between 50 and 80 cm in length.
The dorados are also divided into
3 classes within themselves.
They are found more in the Mediterranean Sea than in the Aegean
and I have never heard of them
found in either the Sea of Marmara
or the Black Sea.
They can be caught with the nets
of a large trawler, or they can be
hunted by rapalas, the artificial
squid and scraping system, while
they are hunted with a spear in
Lambuka Bal Ebatlar / Size of the Dorado
Lambuka Bal / The Dorado
Balk ok hzl ve evik olduundan zpknla avlanmas nerdeyse

imkanszdr.
Ortalama 60 km bir hzla yzerler,
gerekirse bu hz 50 knot yani 92,6
kmye kadar kabilir.
Sudan 6 metre yukarya srayabilirler. Olta ucunda tekneye ekilmesi ok keyiflidir.

Kl bal gibi sudan sraya
sraya gelir. Amatr avclar
iin zel bir balktr.
Avrupallarn Doradoyu yani
Lambukay avlamak iin setikleri
blge Malta Adasdr. En byk
Trofeler Akdenizin ortasnda, adann civarnda kar.
Balklarn cinsiyeti ilk 6 ay iinde
oluur. Yani yumurtadan ktklarnda erkek ya da dii olarak bal
adlandramayz. 4 ila 5 yana
gelmi bireyler, 7 ila 13 kg arasnda deien arla sahip olurlar.
Erkek bireyler daha byk, diileri
Lambukalar ile Balk Freski, Miken Mzesi / Fisher Fresco with Dorados, Mycenaean Museum
land of Malta. The largest catches

come from the middle of the Mediterranean, around this island.
The sex of the fish occurs during
the first 6 months. So you can not
name the fish as being either a
male or female when they hatch
from the egg. Individuals which
have reached 4 or 5 years of age
have a weight ranging from 7 to
13 kg. with the male individuals
larger, the females smaller.
They have 58 to 66 spines on
their spine fins. And there are 25
to 31 soft spines extending from
the anus to the tail. Their side
fins are sickle-like in shape. They
remind of the tarragon. The tail is
in the form of a deep fork, and is
reminiscent of the tail of the Lichia
Amia, a type of Leer Fish.
Dorados weighing 40 kg. and
above have been caught. Phosphorus squid rapalas are always
bait for the large dorados.
The most important characteristic of the dorado - especially male individuals - is

the head structure which
becomes larger to the front

as it grows, reminiscent of
an ax head.
It has a head rather similar to the
head of the large Napoleon fish.
And their colors are as if from the
brush of an Impressionist artists.
They might have different tones in
the different seas of the world but
words are insufficient to describe
the riot of colors the fish has when
it is brought out of the water.
You cannot see this combination of phosphorous, reflective
tones of the collision of gold and
silver colors leading up to green
together anywhere else but on this
fish. Therefore, in consequence,
some fishermen have given this
fish the name gilded mackerel.
They are predators, eating all fish
that are smaller than themselves,
as well as cephalopods and crustaceans and they are interested in
shiny objects.
Its meat is in the category of the
most delicious fish. As it is not
hunted very much, its economic
value is regional rather than international like the tuna.

I took the photograph of The
Fresco of the Fisherman and His
Dorados, which is a nice example
showing this fish was also hunted
in Ancient Greece during the Mycenean period, at the Museum of
the Mycenaean in Greece.
I thought it right to put it in the 1st
issue of 2013 of our ARO Quarterly, as I thought that it would be
good to remind readers of this
species of fish which was known
and caught from antiquity into the
present.
We should not hunt dorados
smaller than 30 cm, as it is only
when they reach this length that
they reach reproductive maturity. We should not purchase any
dorado-lampuki shorter than this
length.
Every fish should be allowed to lay
eggs at least once in its life and
we humans should not destroy the
God-given right to life in a selfish
and unconscious manner.
A deep blue, happy new year...
Lambukann Temizlenmesi / Dressing of Dorado
Lambuka Bal / The Dorado
daha ufak olur. Srtlarnda 58 ile

66 aras n bulunur. Ansten
kuyrua doru da 25 ile 31 aras
yumuak n bulunur. Yan yzgeleri orak gibidir.
Tarhun balnnkileri andrr. Kuyruk ksm derin bir atal eklinde
olup, Akyann bir tr olan Lichia
Amiannkini andrr.
40 kg ve st Lambukalar yakalanmtr. Fosforlu kalamar rapalalar byk Lambukalarda her
zaman geer akedir.
Lambukann en nemli karakteristik zellii -bilhassa

erkek bireylerde- bydke baltay andrr ekilde ileri
doru irileen kafa yapsdr.
Byk Napolyon balklarnn kafasna az da olsa benzer. Renkleri
de Empresyonist ressamlarn frasndan km gibidir. Dnya denizlerinde farkl tonlarda olabilirler.
Baln sudan kt anda sahip

olduu renk cmbn anlatmak
iin kelimeler kifayetsiz kalr.
Fosforlu, refleksif, altn ile gm
renklerinin arpmasnn yeile
kadar giden tonlarn hibir yerde
bir arada gremezsiniz ama bu
balklarda grrsnz. Bundan
dolay da balklarn bir ksm
bu bala yaldzl uskumru adn
vermilerdir.
Kendinden ufak tm balklar, kafadan bacakllar ve kabuklular
yerler. Parlak nesnelere ilgilidirler.
Eti lezzetli balklar snfndadr.
ok avlanmad iin ekonomik
deeri yreseldir.
Antik Yunanda da avlandn
gsteren gzel bir rnek olan Balk ve Lambukalar Freskinin
fotorafn Yunanistann Miken
Mzesinde ektim.
Antik alarda dahi bilinen bu
balk trn tekrar hatrlamakta
yarar var diye dndmden
ARO Dergimizin 2013 ylnn ilk

saysna koymay uygun buldum.
Lambukalarn 30 cmden ufan avlamayalm, nk bu boya
ulatklarnda reme ergenliine
eriirler; bu boydan ufak olanlar
da balk satanlardan almayalm.
Her balk yaam evresinde bir
kez yumurta atabilme vasfna sahip olmal, Allahn verdii yaam
hakkn biz insanlar bencilce ve
bilinsizce yok etmeyelim.
Mavisi derin, mutlu yllar...

21 ubat Dnya Rehberler Gnn

ARO olarak Antalyada eitli etkinliklerle
kutlayacaz.
Bu etkinliklere tm rehber arkadalarmz
bekliyoruz.
21 ubat Rehberler Gnmz

Kutlu Olsun
ARO Ynetim Kurulu
T
U
K
M
A
L

lmnn 40. Ylnda
Balk Aramzda...
baaal tarafndan kaleme

alnan ve yayn kurulu yesi,
turist rehberi arkadamz
adan Gkovalnn yayna
hazrlad ve Bilgi Yaynevi
tarafndan baslan Altnc
Kta Akdeniz adl kitabn
151.ve 152. sayfalarnda yer
alan ve Tarihin Babas
olarak anlan Herodotu anlatan yazsdr. Balk burada Bodrumlu hemerisi
Herodotu anlatmaktadr.
Yavuz Ali SAKARYA, Rehber
ARO olarak lmnn 40.

ylnda rehberlerin piri olarak bilinen, ayn zamanda
en iten, en bilgili ve en
cokulu rehber olarak tannan bymz saygyla anyoruz.
Balkya Gre
Dnyann lkleri (*)
(*) Aadaki yaz, Halikarnas Balks Cevat akir Ka-
Dnyann lk Turisti:
Bodrumlu Herodot
Deil yalnz Anadolunun, tekmil dnyann ilk ve en byk turisti, Halikarnasl (Bodrumlu)
Herodottur. Onun seyahatnamesinde koyduu, Historia
yani aratrma - inceleme
sz, bugn hemen hemen
btn dnya dillerinde Tarih
anlamnda kullanlmaktadr.
O, durmakszn geziyordu. Bugn Anadolunun enine boyuna ileyen otobsler, trenler,
vapurlar ve uaklar olduu

halde, yine Anadoluyu gezmek kolay i deildir. Gezen
de azdr.
Bir de Herodotun zamanndaki, yani gnmzden 2400
ksur yl nceki durum dnlsn. O ada Anadoluyu
Herodot gibi ldrasya sevinerek gezebilmek iin insanda ak derecesine varm bir
renme ve grme zleyii olmas gerekir. Elverir ki,
yeni bir yeri grebilsin ve orada yeni eyler renebilsin.
Herodotun karlamaya raz
olmayaca skntlar, tehlikeler ve zorluklar yoktu.
O zaman Anadoluda krallklar,
o kadar sk ve kkt ki, onlar gnmzde de var olsalar,
insan bir kralln topraklarnda uyumak zere uzannca,
ayaklarna pasaport almas
gerekirdi.
Herodot,
Karadeniz
kylaryla birlikte, tekmil Ana-
doluyu, Dou Akdeniz kylarn, Yunanistan, Msr,

Arabistan, Sicilyay gezmi,
szn ksas, o zamann bilinen dnyasnn en cra kelerine kadar varmt.
Gezileri srasnda Herodot,
krallarla, imparatorlarla, kahin
(bilici) ve din adamlaryla, kyllerle, yn tayan Anadolulu
kadnlarla, da patikalarnda
eeklerini sren srclerle,
am ormanlarnn glgesinde
aa bien tahtaclarla konumutu.
Yalandnda, her k gibi,
paras tkenerek, pek fukara
(yoksul) kalmt. te o zaman kalemi eline alp, gnn
dnyasna degin, belleinde,
aklnda kalan binbir ho any,
kardeleri olan insanoullarna mjdelemeyi kafasna koymutu.
Hindistanda koyun ynnden
ok daha beyaz ve yumuak
yn aalarndan (pamuk),
lliryal kzlarn nasl evlendiklerinden (gzel kzlar ar
meydannda ak artrma ile
satlyor, bu sattan elde edilen para, irkin kadn ve kzlar
alan erkeklere veriliyordu), gl
kys insanlarnn, ocuklarnn gle dmemeleri iin ne
gibi arelere ba vurduklarndan, Msrda sivrisineklere
kar nasl cibinlik yapldndan, ran krallarnn gezi srasnda yalnz kaynam su
itiklerinden, Andromakid hanedannn nasl pire tuttuundan, Lidya kral Kandavlisin
karsn rlplak gsterdii iin taht ve tacndan nasl
mahrum kaldndan, Lidyada
en ok kocas olan kadnlarn
nasl sayg grdklerinden,
skitlerin ksraklarn nasl sadklarndan sz etti. Kitab,
eski adan pek ilgin bir rportaj oldu. (Belki de yazl ilk
rportaj almas idi, kimbilir?
(YAS)
Herodot, dnyay da, hayat da hayran alnacak kadar

gzel bulmutu. Onun kadar
hayret etmi, hayran kalm
insan azdr. Bununla beraber
her duyduuna inanan, eletiri, inceleme ve kyaslama yapmayan bir insan deildi. Hatt
Homerin (zmirli Homerosun)
Dnyann etraf okyanusla
evrilidir. Ondan sonra toprak
yoktur.eklindeki iddias iin,
Ben buna glerim. diyordu.
O zaman ok kutsal olan Delfi khinlerinin
(bilicilerinin)
rvet
aldklarn
syleme cesaretini
gsteriyordu.
Bunu
sylemek, gnmzde babakana
kfretmek ya
da hkmetin
manevi kiilii-
ne ulu orta hakaret etmekten

daha byk sutu. (Aklc sanat, znde biraz da muhalif deil midir zaten? Herodot
da yle yapyordu her halde.
(YAS)
Not: Balknn yazlarndan
oluan bu ke ve 2013 yl
boyunca kacak btn ARO
dergilerinde yer alacak yazlar, ngilizce Rehber Yavuz
Ali Sakarya (YAS) tarafndan
dzenlenmektedir.
Aizanoi: Zeusun Torunu,
Azann ehri / 2. Blm
Foto:Ktahya l Kltr ve Turizm Mdrl Arivi
Bir ehir hayal edin; ortasndan geen nehir muntazam kesme talarla kanalize edilmi, gsterili mermer kprlerle geitleri salanm, her iki yakasnda
da prl prl mermer binalar, tapnaklar, tiyatro, stadyum, hamamlar, arlar, pazar yerleri, borsa binas,
yrme yollar, sra sra dkknlar, restoranlar ve ss
havuzlar olsun te bu ehir: AZANO
Mge ERTEN APALI,
Rehber
Tapnak evresi Agora, Hereon ve Dor Dzenli Stunlu
Avlu gibi galerilerle evrili bulunuyordu.
Bildiimiz gibi Heroon, tanrlatrlarak kahraman olarak
kabul edilmi kiilerin ldklerinde onurlarna ina edilen
yaplardr ve Aizanoide bulunan ve tarihi MS II. yzyla tarihlenen bu yapnn muhtemelen ehrin ileri gelenlerinden
birinin mezar yaps olduu
dnlmektedir. Yap, mermer kapl bir podyum zerinde
bulunmaktayd. Gneybat duvar halen ayakta olup, kuzeybatsnda podyumlu tapnaa

kan merdivenin izleri bulunmaktadr.
Agora ise gneydouya doru
uzanyordu. Burada dzgn
bir sra halindeki sekiz tane
kemerli yap halen ayaktadr. Burasnn tapnan olduka geni surlarnn antik
Yunancada Temenos ad
verilen kutsal alan ya da tapnak evresinde oluturulmu
bu alann, stunlu bir kemer
alt ile meydana getirildii anlalmaktadr. Bu kemerlerin
st ksmlarnn baheler, kamelyalar ve heykellerle ssl
* Zadegan: Asil, temiz ve mehur soydan olan, tannm aileden gelen, aristokrat
olduu dnlmektedir. Bu
kemerli, tonozlu yaplarn dou
ve gney ynne doru pazaryeri (agora) uzanmaktayd. Tonozlu yaplardan gneye
doru gidildiinde mermerden
yaplm bir yap kalnts grlmektedir. Burasnn kilise
veya zadegana* ait binalar
olduklar dnlmektedir.
Hamam ve Gymnasium:
Kaynaklara gre Aizanoide
iki hamam olduunu biliyoruz.
Gnmze kadar kalabilmi
ksmlarn yerinde grebileceimiz, gymnasiumu ve beden
hareketlerinin yaplmas iin
portikolarla evrili bir palaestras bulunan hamam yaps
Aizanoi: The City of Azan,
The Grandson of Zeus / Part II
Foto:Ktahya l Kltr ve Turizm Mdrl Arivi
Imagine a city with a river running through it, guided

by a channel of regularly cut stones, with crossings by
way of ornate marble bridges, with gleaming marble
buildings, temples, theater, stadium, baths, bazaars
and market places, a stock exchange building, paths,
as well as shops, restaurants and ponds on both
sides this city was: AIZANOI
directions of these arched and

vaulted structures. When going towards the south from
these vaulted structures, the
remains of a structure made
of marble is seen. It is thought
to have been a church or one
of the buildings belonging to a
zadegan*.
Mge ERTEN APALI,

Tour Guide
The Bath and Gymnasium:

According to the ancient
sources, we know that there
were two baths in Aizanoi. The
bath structure, the remaining
parts of which we can see in
situ and with a gymnasium
and palaestra surrounded by
porchs for body exercises,
is located 100 m. from the
west side of the temple. This
place was once very famous,
with a symmetrical plan of
the classical type of Roman
baths. The bathing rooms
(frigidarium and caldarium)
are in the middle of the building complex, and many side
places were built. There used
to be statues in the niches in
The temple was surrounded

by galleries such as the Agora, the Heroon and the Doric
Peristyle Court.
As we know, Heroon are those
structures which were built
to honour those persons who
were recognized as deifiedGod-like heroes, after their
death, and this structure in Aizanoi, which is dated to the 2nd
century A. D. is thought to have
been the tomb structure most
probably of one of the notables
of the city. The structure was
built on top of a podium cov-
ered in marble. The southwest

wall is still standing, and there
are the traces of the stairs ascending to the temple with podium, to the northwest. And the
Agora stretched towards the
southeast. Eight arched structures in a straight line remain
standing here. It is understood
that this area around the sanctuary or temple, and which was
called the Temenos in ancient
Greek was entered through
a columned archway. It is
thought that the upper parts of
these arches were ornamented with vegetation, camellias,
and sculptures. The marketplace (agora) used to extend
towards the east and south
* Zadegan: From a noble, clean and well-known lineage, from a well-known family, aristocratic
Aizanoi
tapnan bat tarafna 100

m uzaklktadr. Buras zamannda kendinden sz ettiren,
klasik Roma hamamlarnn
simetrik plannna sahip bir
yapym. Buradaki ykanma
odalar (frigidarium ve caldarium) yap kompleksinin ortasnda olup, ok sayda yan mekan ina edilmitir. Hamamn
koridorlarndaki nilerde heykeller bulunmaktayd. Burada
bir apsis iinde salk tanras
Hygieiann heykeli bulunmutur. Bu heykel yapnn gney
blmnde bulunmutur. Byk bir ihtimalle babas Salk
Tanrs Asklepiosun heykeli
de kuzey kanadnda bulunuyordu. Palestrann kuzeyindeki alanda bulunan byk ta
bloklar, burada ii yuvarlak fakat d okgen biimli antsal
bir mezar yapsnn bulunabileceini de dndrmektedir.
Hamamn ii ok zengin
bir biimde denmiti.
Yerler ve duvarlar mermer kaplyd. Duvarlar,

nadide mozaikler ve sslemelerle kaplyd.
Bu yap MS IV. yzyldan sonra yeniden dzenlenerek, erken Hristiyan toplumunun yneticiliine atanan piskoposluk
merkezi grevini yapmtr.
M I. yzylda yaam, Romal nl mimar Vitruviusun

ok nemli bir eseri olan De
Archhitecture libri decemde
(Mimarlk Hakknda On Kitap)
nerdii, baarl bir mimarlk
iin Utilitas, Firmitas, Venustas (kullanllk, salamlk,
gzellik) etmenlerinin hepsi bu
yapda kendini gstermektedir.
Stadyum - Tiyatro: Zeus

Tapnann kuzey istikametinde stadyum ve tiyatro bulunmaktayd.
Kentin ikinci hamam ise kuzeydouda, Cereller mahallesindedir. Mozaikli Hamam

diye bildiimiz bu yap MS III.
yzyln 2. yarsnda byk kireta bloklardan oluan bir
bina iine ina edilmitir. Ortada Satyr* ve Maenad ** betimli kaliteli bir mozaik taban vardr. Burada Satyr Maenadn
peine taklm vaziyette tasvir
edilmitir.
Buradaki asl ilgin durum

stadyum ve tiyatro yaplarnn birbirine bitiik nizamda yaplm olmalardr.
Bu durum dnyann hibir
yerindeki Roma ehir kalntlarnda grlmemitir.
Stadyum, 200 m uzunluunda,
50 m geniliindedir. Yaplan
hesaplamalar 13.500 kiilik
kapasitesinin olduunu gstermektedir. Kaz verilerine gre
burann MS 160 yl sonlarnda balanp, MS III. yzyln
ortalarna kadar yapm sreci
* Satyr: Doay simgeleyen, cinlerden olan ve belden st insan, belden aas ise at ya da teke olarak tasvir edilen, erkeklik organ olgun ve kalkk bir yaratk.
** Maenad: Tanr etkisiyle kendisinden geen, coup taan ve doaya karp, dier insanlarca ldrm gibi grnen, zellikle de kadn iin kullanlan bir tanmdr
(Dionysos alayn meydana getiren Bakkhalarn da dier bir addr).
the corridors of the bath and

here, a statue of the Goddess
of health, Hygieia was found
within an apse. This statue
was found in the southern
part of the structure. Most
probably, the statue depicting
her father Asklepios, the God
of Health, was in the northern
wing. The large stone blocks
in the area to the north of the
Palestra indicate there could
have been a monumental
tomb here, with a circular interior and a polygonal-shaped
exterior.
The inside of the bath

was decorated in a very
rich manner. The floors
and walls covered in marble with precious mosaics
and decorations.
All of the factors of Utilitas,
Firmitas, Venustas (usability, durability, beauty),
given by the renowned Roman architect Vitruvius, who
lived in first century B. C.,
for successful architecture, in
his very important work De
Archhitecture libri decem
(Ten Books on Architecture),
are present in this structure.
The second bath-house of the
city is to the northeast, in the
Cereller quarter. This structure known as the Bath with
Mosaics was constructed
within a building of large limestone blocks, in the 2nd half
of the 3rd century A. D. There
is a high quality mosaic floor
with depictions of Satyr* and
Maenad**, in the middle.
Here, Satyr is shown following Maenad.
Stadium - Theater: There

was the stadium and the theater to the North of the Temple of Zeus.
one of the respected people

of the city, contribution to the
costs of the construction of
this stadium-theater complex.
The main point of interest

is that the stadium and
the theater were built adjacent to each other. This
is seen nowhere else in
the ruins of Roman cities
of the world.
The audience sat on polygonshaped benches raised over

an earth bank. Due to the
slightly polygonal shape of
the benches of the stadium,
the structure widens in the
middle. In addition, its faade
facing the theater is bordered
by a wall covered in marble.
This is also covers the rear
side of theaters stage. Lodges belonging to the Zadegan
and Praetor*** are within the
arched structure located in
the west part of the stadium.
Nine of these lodges are to be
clearly seen today. The width
of each of them is 2.60 m.
There used to be horse and
chariot races here, as in other
stadiums.
The stadium is 200. m long,

and 50 m. wide and calculations indicate it had a capacity
for 13,500 people. According
to data from the excavations,
it is thought that construction
began at the end of 160 A.D.,
and had a lengthy period of
construction extending into
the middle of the 3rd century
A.D. It was also understood
from these investigations that
this great stadium was never
finally completed.
The inscriptions found during
the excavation and the restoration work at the stadium indicate that the entrance gate
was in the south, and the
names of the athletes who
had participated in the Olympics in Athens were written in
a wreath above this entrance
gate. We learn from the other
inscriptions found in the city
that M. Apuleius Eurykles,
A natural slope was selected,

at the northern end of the stadium for the construction of
the theater, it was shaped,
and seats were formed. The
scene could be seen quite
easily from the seats on this
slope. Some of these benches can still be seen today.
The diameter of the semicircular stage (orchestra) of
this theater with a capacity of
15,000 people is 56 m. While
the stage wall used to be of
two storeys, another storey
was then added, and adorned
This structure was reorganized after the 4th century A.

D., and served as the center
of the episcopacy assigned
as the directorate of the early
Christian community.
* Satyr: A creature symbolizing the nature, of the jinns, depicted as human over the waist and horse or billygoat the waist down, with a mature and raised phallus.
** Maenad: It is a definition especially used for a woman who is ecstatic and over-excited with the influence of God, mixing into the nature and appearing to be crazy to the
other people. (It is also another name of the Bacchae that make up the procession of Dionysus)
*** Preator: They are the judicial officers dealing with various legal cases, responsible for the arrangement of general entertainments and competitions, and using extensive executive powers in the absence of consuls, in the ancient Rome.
Aizanoi
Kaz alma Alan / Excavation Work Area
geirdii sanlmaktadr. Hatta

bu byk stadyumun tam anlamyla hibir zaman bitirilemedii incelemelerden anlalmaktadr.
Stadyumda yaplan kaz ve
onarm almalar srasnda
bulunan yaztlar, giri kapsnn gney ynnde olduunu
ve bu giri kapsnn zerinde
Atina Olimpiyatlarna katlm
sporcularn isimlerinin elenk
ierisinde yazldn bildirmektedir. Aizanoi kentinin saygn kiileri arasnda bulunan
M. Apuleius Euryklesin bu
stadyum-tiyatro kompleksinin
yapmnda da katks olduunu
kentte bulunan dier yaztlardan reniyoruz.
Seyirciler, toprakla ykseltilmi, okgen biimli sralarda
otururlard. Stadyumun oturma sralarnn, hafif okgen
biimli olmasndan dolay,
yap ortada genilemektedir.
Ayrca, tiyatroya bakan cephesi mermer kapl bir duvarla
snrldr. Bu ayn zamanda tiyatro sahnesinin de arka tarafnn kaplamasdr. Stadyumun
bat ynnde bulunan kemerli yap ksmnda, Zadegana
ve Praetora* ait localar grlr. Bu localardan dokuz
adeti bugn belirgin ekilde
grlmektedir. Bunlarn her
birinin genilii 2,60 mdir. Dier stadyumlarda olduu gibi
burada da at ve araba yarlar
yaplyordu.
Tiyatronun yapm iin stadyumun kuzey ucunda tabii

bir yama seilmi ve buras
tralanarak, oturma yerleri
oluturulmutur. Elde edilen
bu yamataki oturma yerlerinden sahne yaps gayet rahat
izlenebiliyordu. Bu oturma sralarndan bazlar halen grlebilmektedir. 15.000 kii
kapasiteli bu tiyatronun yarm
daire eklindeki sahnesinin
(orkestra) ap 56 mdir. Sahne duvar nceleri iki katlyken
sonra bir kat daha ilave edilmi
olup stunlarla sslenmiti.
Orkestraya alan kap seilmektedir ve ortada bulunan
kap orijinalliini korumaktadr.
Sahnenin saak stleri, av sahnelerini tasvir eden ok gzel
frizlerle bezenmitir. Sahnenin
dou blmnde adet kap
mevcuttur. Bu giri kaps,
ehrin ileri gelenlerinin ve sradan halkn ayr ayr kaplardan
tiyatroya giri yaptklar dncesini dourmaktadr. Sahnenin dou ve batsna uzanan,
mermer bloklardan olumu
duvarlar vardr. Bu duvarlarda
pencereler mevcuttur. Sanatlara ait odalarn tavanlarnn
ahap at ile kapatld anlalmaktadr. Bu oda blmeleri
hala mevcuttur.
Dnyann lk Borsa Binas:
Penkalos (Kocaay) Irmann
kenarnda, ikinci kprnn gney ucuna 50 m kadar mesafede yuvarlak bir yap bulunur.
1970 Gediz depremine kadar,
bu yapnn zerinde bir cami

bulunuyordu. Deprem sonras yklan caminin bulunduu yerde 1971 ylnda kazlar
yapmaya balayan Prof. Dr. R.
Naumann ve ekibi bu yuvarlak
yapy ortaya karttlar.
Yapnn antik dnemde at

ve gda rnlerinin satld
pazaryerinin ortasndaki et
ve balk pazar (Macellum)
olduu, daha sonralar
ayn zamanda enflasyonla
mcadele iin mallarn fiyatlarnn belirlendii borsa
binas olarak kullanld
ortaya kmtr.
Bugnn ticaret borsalar niteliindeki gda pazar bundan tam
1750 yl nce MS 250de kurulmu, kuruluundan 50 yl sonra, imparator Dioeletianusun
kartt Diocletian Yasalar diye bildiimiz fiyat kararnamesi bu yapmn kaidesine
yazlmtr. Bylelikle, MS 301
ylndan itibaren hem borsa
ilemleri yaplm hem de enflasyonla mcadele amacyla
fiyat tespitleri ilan edilmitir. O
devirde ilem gren mallarn fiyatlar sabitletirilmi, lke genelinde enflasyona kar tedbir
alnmtr. retilen mallar arasnda apraz fiyatlandrma yaplarak fahi fiyattan mal alm
ve sat engellenmitir.
* Preator: Eski Roma da, eitli hukuk davalarna bakan, genel elence ve yarmalarn dzenlenmesinden sorumlu olan ve konsllerin yokluunda geni ynetim yetkileri
kullanan adli grevlilerdir.

Aizanoi
donatlm, ortasnda mermer

kapl, yanlarda ise dkkanlar
bulunan 450 m uzunluunda
bir yol ortaya kartr. Bu stunlu caddenin, tapnak tarafna olan balantsnn ahap
bir kpr ile saland dnlmektedir. Klaus Rheidt ve
ekibinin restorasyonu sonucu,
stunlar ve bulunan paralar
yerlerine konulmutur.
Bat ve dou olmak zere iki

girii bulunan yapda yaztlar
byk mermer bloklar zerine
yazlmtr. Metinler Latince ve
Greke olarak yazlyd. Bloklar zerine meyve, post, krk,
deri eyalar, rg, ahap, ahap eyalar, ayakkab, sepet,
ipek, saf kuma, ham kuma,
altn, gm, mermer, eitli
iplikler, yabani ve evcil hayvan,
kle, tbbi ve kimyevi ilalar
ve bitkiler, baharat ve nakliyat
cretlerinin ne kadar olaca
belirtilmitir. rnein 8. Blokta,
16 ila 40 yalar arasnda bir
erkek klenin, iki eein cretine yani 30.000 dinara, bir atn
ise kle cretine eit olduu
yazmaktadr.
16 ila 40 ya aras bir erkek

kle, iki eein cretine
yani 30.000 dinara; bir at
ise kle cretine eitti.
Yine ayn blokta, aslan, leopar,
ay, geyik, yabani eek gibi
hayvanlarn da cretlerinden
sz edilmektedir.
Borsa binasndaki bu bilgiler
sayesinde, Aizanoinin yaam
artlar hakknda da bilgi edinmi oluyoruz. Aizanoililer Ege
kentleriyle balarn hi kopartmamlar, bata Sardes, Efes
ve Foa gibi kentlerle ticari ve
kltrel ilikilerini yakn tutmulardr. Sardesten pamuk,

dier Ege kentlerinden ipek
bcei, ham ipek ve zeytin gibi
souk blgede yetimeyen
rnlerin ithalat yaplmtr.
Aizanoi kentinin ok fazla da
alm olmam ve rettii buday, arpa, nohut, fasulye, mercimek gibi bakliyat rnlerini
ihra etmitir.
zellikle Roma dneminde
iklime uygun yetitirdikleri tarm rnleri; arap, peynir gibi
endstriyel rnler ve deri,
krk, yn iplik, ayakkab gibi
birok imalat mallar sayesinde ekonomik olarak ok
parlak bir dnem yaamtr.
Ayrca nakliye amal arabalarn ve tarm aralarnn da
imalatnn yapldn ve nakliye ilerinin de zel ahslar
tarafndan yaplyor olduunu
Borsa Binasnn yaztlarnda belirtilen Nakliye Tavan
cretlerinden anlyoruz.
Stunlu Cadde ve Dkkanlar: 1970 Gediz depreminde
yklan ilkokul binasnn temizlenmesi srasnda, borsa binasnn gney bitiiine den
stunlu blmde bir takm antsal talara rastlanmtr. 19921995 yllar arasnda Alman
Arkeoloji Enstits adna kaz
bakan K. Rheidt burada kazlara balar ve etraf stunlarla
Ayrca; bu ekip tarafndan bulunup, paralar birletirilen

mermerden yaplm, flt alan panter postlu, plak bir
Satyr heykeli de bugn Ktahya Arkeoloji Mzesinde sergilenmektedir. Stunlu caddenin
inas srasnda, o dnemde
Aizanoide terk edilen binalardan ve hatta yklm olan Artemis Tapnandan getirilen
paralarn yap malzemesi olarak kullanld grlmtr.
Tanra Artemisin ve tapna
armaan eden Asklepiadesin
adndan sz eden yazt da
buradadr. Bu grkemli stunlu caddenin MS VI. yzyln
ortalarna kadar ayakta kald ve blgenin fay hattna 20
km uzakta olmasndan dolay,
depremler sonucu ykld anlalmaktadr.
Kprler ve Takn nleme
Baraj / Kprs:
Muhteem Aizanoi kentinin baz
yaplarnn halen ayakta ve kullanlabilecek salamlkta olmas
bu kentin mhendislerinin matematik, statik ve hidrodinamik
gibi birok bilim dalndaki stn
yeteneklerinin rndr. Penkalas Irmann slah yaplm,
mermer ve ahap olmak zere
kprler ina edilmiti. Bu mermer kprlerden ikisi bugn bile
geii salamaktadr. En nemli kprlerden biri de rmakta
oluacak taknlar nlemeye
ynelik baraj zellii salayan
kprdr. Penkalas Irmann
ehir iinden geii her iki yakasna iri kesme talarla duvarlar
rlerek kanalize edilmi.
with columns. Three gates

opening to the orchestra can
be seen, and the gate in the
middle preserves its authentic character. The frieze that
tops the stage are decorated
with beautiful carvings depicting hunting scenes. There are
three gates in the eastern part
of the stage. These three entrance gates suggest that the
city notables and the ordinary
people entered the theater
through different gates. There
are walls constructed of marble blocks extending east and
west of the stage.
The Worlds First Stock Exchange Building: There is a
round structure at the edge
of the Penkalos (Kocacay)
River, 50 m. from the Southern end of the second bridge.
There used to be a mosque
constructed on this structure
until the Gediz earthquake of
1970. Prof. Dr. R. Naumann
and his team, who began excavations in 1971 at the location of the mosque, demolished after the earthquake,
unearthed this round structure.
It was understood that the

structure was the meat
and fish market (Macellum) in the middle of the
marketplace where horses and foodstuff were
sold, and later was used
as the stock exchange
building where the prices
of goods were determined
to fight inflation.
The food market in nature
like todays commodity exchanges was established
1750 years ago in 250 A.D.,
and the price decree known
as Diocletians Laws issued
by the Emperor Dioeletianus
were inscribed on the pedestal of this structure, 50 years

after its establishment. Thus,
both stock market transactions were made, and price
determinations were declared
to fight inflation, beginning in
301 A.D. The prices of goods
traded at that time were fixed,
and measures against inflation were taken across the
country. The purchase and
sale of goods at exorbitant
price was prohibited by cross
pricing among the goods produced.
The inscriptions were written on large blocks of marble
in the structure with two entrances; one eastern and one
western. The texts were written in both Latin and Greek. It
was recorded on these blocks
the price of: fruit, skin, fur,
leather goods, fabric, wood,
wooden furniture, shoes, baskets, silk, sheer fabrics, raw
fabrics, gold, silver, marble,
various yarns, wild and domesticated animals, slaves,
medical and chemical drugs
and plants, spices and shipping would be. For example,
it is written on the 8th block
that the price of a male slave
between the ages of 16-40
was equal to the price of two
donkeys, that is to a monetary
value of 30,000 dinars, while
the price of a horse was equal

to the price of three slaves.
The price of a male slave

between the ages of 1640 was equal to the price
of two donkeys, that is
30,000 dinars, and the
price of a horse was equal
to the price of three slaves.
Again, in the same block, the
prices of animals such as a
lion, leopard, bear, deer, and
wild donkey are recorded.
With this information from the
stock exchange building, we
also gain knowledge of the
living conditions of the Aizanites. The Aizanites never
broke their connections with
the Aegean cities, and had
close commercial and cultural
relations with these cities, especially with Sardis, Ephesus
and Foca. Cotton was imported from Sardis, and products
not cultivated in cold regions
such as silkworm, raw silk and
olives were imported from the
other Aegean cities. The city
of Aizanoi did not have much
imports, but exported pulses
such as wheat, barley, chickpeas, beans, and the lentils
it produced. It lived economically a very bright period es-
Aizanoi
Bu kanaldan tama sonucu

geebilecek su ise baraj-kpr
kemerinde kontrol edilmitir.
Ancak hesaplamalardaki hata
pay da dnlerek, fazla su
barajdan taar ve stten anma yrtlma meydana gelirse
baraj kprnn yklabilecei
ihtimali dnlm olmal ki,
buraya emniyet kanal yaplmtr. Beklenenin zerinde
sel sular olumas halinde
kapak alarak % 10luk ilave
kapasitenin devreye sokulduunu gryoruz. Bu baraj-kprnn nemli dier bir zellii
de tarm arazilerinin sulanmasn salamasym. Kprnn
dou ve bat ynnde o zamann sulama kanallarn grmek mmkndr. Bu yap ina
edilmemi olsayd, kesinlikle
Aizanoi kentinden bir eser kalmazd. Bu baraj zellii tayan kpr haricinde Aizanoide
toplam be adet kpr mevcuttu. Bunlardan bazlar sadece yayalar iin yaplm olan
ahap kprlerdi.
Bugn halen kullanlan ve

zerinden trlarn bile geebildii, be kemerli kprnn
korkuluunun bir kaidesi zerindeki yaztta, bu kprnn
al merasiminin MS 157
ylnn Eyll aynda yapld
yazmaktadr. Bir de, kabartmal iki korkuluk ta daha
vardr. Kabartmada, kpry balayan M. Apuleius
Euryklesin deniz yolculuu
gsterilmektedir.
Eurykles,
mparator Hadrian tarafndan
kurulan, Panhellenion* denilen Hellen Birliinde, MS 153157 yllar arasnda Aizanoiyi
Atinada temsil etmitir. MS
157 ylnn sonbaharnda ise
Aizonaiye dnmt. Hadrian
hmanist bir kiilie sahipti ve
tm zevklerinde tam bir Hellen hayranyd.
Meter
Steunene
Kutsal
Alan: Ana Tanra Kybele,
Anadoluda yeniden douun,
lmszln, bereketin ve tabiatn anas olarak kabul edilir.
* Panhellenion: mparator Hadrian tarafndan kurulan Hellen Birliinin ismidir.
ehrin bilinen en eski kutsal alan Tanra Meter

Steuneneye (Kybele) ait klt
yeri olan, ilenmi kayalarla
maara ve bugn km durumdaki derin kaya inidir. Burada 1928 ylnda yaplan kazlarda ele geen pimi toprak
klt figrinleri, buray M I. yy
ile MS II. yy arasna tarihlemektedir.
Maarann st tarafnda basamakl bir kaya taht grlr. Bu
tip kutsal alanlara Frigyann
krsal kesimlerinde rastlanr.
Bu da Meter Steunene kutsal
alannn M I. yzyldan ok
nceleri bile kullanldn gsterir. Kaya kesintisinin stnde
talardan rlm yuvarlak
iki kurban ukuru (bothroi)
da kutsal alann daha erken
dnemine ait olabilir. Burada, halkn inancna gre kaya
oluumlarnda yaadna inanlan, dalarn ve doann hakimi, Anadolunun ana tanrasna adaklarda bulunuyorlard.
pecially during the Roman

period due to its processed
products such as wine and
cheese, and many manufactured goods such as leather,
fur, wool yarn, and shoes. In
addition, we understand from
the Transportation Prices
Ceiling specified in the inscriptions of the stock exchange building that vehicles
for transportation and agriculture were manufactured and
that the transportation work
was carried out by private individuals.
Colonnaded Street and
Shops: Some monumental
stones were found in the colonnaded section adjacent to
the southern part of the stock
exchange building, during the
cleaning up of the primary
school building which had
been destroyed during the
Gediz earthquake of 1970. K.
Rheidt, director of excavation,
began excavations here on
behalf of the German Archaeological Institute between
1992 and 1995, and found a
path 450 m long, decorated
with columns and covered
with marble in the middle, and
with shops on either side. It
is thought that the connection of this colonnaded street
to the temple was provided
through a wooden bridge over
the river. The columns and
parts found were restored to
their former places as a result of the restoration work
carried out by Klaus Rheidt
and his team. In addition, a
nude statue of a Satyr carved
from marble and with a flute
playing panther skin, which
was found by this team, the
parts joined together, is exhibited today in the Archaeological Museum of Kutahya.
It was discovered that pieces
brought from the abandoned
buildings in Aizanoi during
that time, and even from the
destroyed Temple of Artemis,
were used as building material, during the construction

of the colonnaded street. And
the inscription that mentions
the name of the goddess Artemis and Asklepiades who
gave the temple as a gift was
found here. It is understood
that this magnificent colonnaded street survived until
the middle of the 6th century
A.D., and was destroyed by
seismic activity, as the region
is only 20 km from the fault
line.
Bridges and Flood Prevention Dam / Bridge: The
fact that some structures of
the magnificent city of Aizanoi remain standing and are
strong enough to be used
was due to the high abilities
of the engineers of this city
in many scientific fields such
as mathematics, statics and
hydrodynamics. The improvement made to the course of
the Penkalas River was completed, and bridges were built
of marble and wood. Two of
these marble bridges still provide passage across the river
today. And one of the most important bridges is the bridge
having the character of a dam
constructed to prevent floods
from the river. The passage
of Penkalas River through the
city was channeled through
building walls of large cut

stones on both sides.
And the water that might have
passed through this channel
as a result of overflow was
controlled through the construction of the dam-bridge
arch. However, considering
the margin of error in the calculations, the probability that
the dam-bridge could have
collapsed, if the excess water had overflowed and wear
had occurred on the top, must
have been considered, and
as a consequence, a safety
channel was dug here. We
see that when the sluice is
opened, an additional capacity of 10% is produced in the
event of flood waters being
greater than expected.
Another important feature of
this dam-bridge was that it
provided for the irrigation of
agricultural lands. It is possible to see the irrigation channels constructed at that time
both east and west of the
bridge. If this structure had
not been built, there would
definitely have been no traces
of the city of Aizanoi. There
were a total of five bridges
at Aizanoi, in addition to this
bridge having the features of
a dam. Some of them were
wooden bridges built only for
Aizanoi
Bu alanla ilgili bilgilere, Aizanoi kazlarn devam ettiren

Do. Dr. Elif zerin bir yazsndan alnt ile son vermek
istiyorum;
yun tanmas iin imar edilen

yapnn, blok kire tandan temel talar ve suyun aktld
mermer arklar bugn hala grlmektedir.
Yre halkna zellikle de yallara sorduumuzda buraya,

eskiden kuraklk olduunda
oluk-ocuk toplanp, tepelerde (Kran Bayr ve Bedir) yamur duasna ktklarn sylediler. Buraya kadar her ey
normal. Anadoluda pek ok
yerde uygulanan bir gelenek
ama ktklar yer bir zamanlar
Aizanoililerin tapndklar Meter Steunene kutsal alannn
hemen kars olunca iin rengi deiiyor ve asrlar boyunca
baz adetlerin isim ve ekil deitirse de halen devam ettiini gryorsunuz Aizanoide
deki bu maaraya halk Ay

ni demektedir. Bu maara
ve yap kalntlar, 1926-1928
yllarnda blgede aratrma
yapan M. Schede ve arkadalar tarafndan bulunmutur.
Zamannda bu ekibi buraya, at
arabas ile tayan kiinin anlatmlaryla, halk arasnda dilden
dile dolaan sylence birbirini
pek aratmamaktadr. Aizanoi
darphanesinin ve hazinesinin
bu maara ierisinde bulunduunu ve buraya ulaabilmek
iin bin bir tuzakl labirentlerden geilmesi gerektiini anlatan hikayelerle, M. Schede ve
arkadalarnn maaraya girip,
birka kapdan getikten sonra
karlatklar 3 kapnn olmas
ve sanki tuzakl yollar olduunu dnp daha fazla ilerleyememeleri rtmektedir.
Kzk Dandaki (Kocada)

Maara: avdarhisara 12 km
mesafedeki Kzk kynn gneyinde, Kocadan etein-
Fakat bugn elimizdeki somut delillere gre syleyebileceimiz tek ey; bu dadan
Aizanoiye su getirildiidir. Su-
Mezar talarnda en sk
karlalan betim Hadese
alan kapdr.
Maltepe: Tiyatronun bat ksmndaki tepe zerinde bina

temelleri grlmektedir. Burada kaz yaplmamtr, fakat
tahminen burada byk bir
sarayn olduu dnlmektedir. Yre halk buralarda yzk talar, deerli eyalar ve
sikkeler bulduklar iin buraya
Maltepe adn vermilerdir.
Nekropol (Kent Mezarl):
Tiyatronun kuzeyi, kuzeydousu ve kuzeybatsnda ise
nekropol yer alr. Lahitler ve
Phrygia tipi mezar stel paralar dank halde durmaktadr.

Aizanoi
istiyorum;
Buras bir mezar odas ve iinden insan iskeleti, kandil, seramik kap ve sikkeler kt. Antik
dnemde bu tr mezar odas
rnekleri olduunu biliyoruz.
Bu mezar odas, dier blgelerde bildiimiz benzerlerinden
biraz farkl; duvarlarnda kap,
kap kilidi, ayna motifleri yannda baklava ekilli sslemeler
var. Kap eklindeki sslemeleri, blgeyi, blgenin mezar
talarn biliyoruz. Ancak bu
ssler tamamen blgeye zg.
Aizanoideki yaplarda ok fazla ekilde karmza kan bir
ss ekli olmasna ramen bir
mezar odasnda bu sslere ilk
kez rastlanld. br dnyann
kapsn bir ekilde mezara
ilemiler. ldkten sonra bir
hayat bilincinde olduklarndan
dolay hem mezarlarna hem
gm ekillerine hem de ller
iin yaptklar trenlere bunu
bir ekilde yanstmlar.
Zeus Tapna / Zeus Temple
Bu kaplar bugn ky evlerinin

ounun kaps ile ayn olup,
blgede binlerce yldan beri
gelenein devam ettiini gsterir. Mezar sahibinin kimliine dair daha net bilgiler veren
motiflerle de ska karlalr.
rnein kadn mezar talar
zerinde yn, yapa bulunan
sepet ve ayna, erkeklerinkinde
ise kartal, aslan ve boa motifleri vardr.
Hala Amazonlarn Anadoluda
yaayp yaamad konusunda phesi olanlarn Ktahya Arkeoloji Mzesine gidip,
buradaki Amazonlar Lahdini
grmelerini tavsiye ederim.
Aizonaide bulunan lahit yksek kabartma teknii ile ya-
plmtr ve lahdin yan yzeylerinde Greklerle Amazonlar

arasndaki savalar betimleyen kabartmalar vardr. Bu
lahit dnyada bulunan sayl
Amazon lahitleri iinde en salam ele geenlerdendir. Bugn
Ktahya Arkeoloji Mzesinin
ana salonlarndan birinde sergilenmektedir. Antik kentte bulunmu bir dier lahit paras
da, bugn Ktahya Arkeoloji
Mzesinin bahesinde ziyaretilere sergilenmektedir.
2012 yl, yaz aylar boyunca
devam eden nekropol kazlar
srasnda, kaz ekibi bir mezar
odasna ulamtr. Kaz ekibinin basna verdii bilgiyi, burada sizlere aynen aktarmak
Buradaki mezar odas da bu

anlayn en gzel rnei olarak karmza kt. Bu bakmdan blge iin zengin ve yeni
bir buluntu olarak karmza kyor. Mezar odasn bulduumuz iin ok mutluyuz. Bunun
heyecanyla almalarmza
devam ediyoruz. Buna benzer
rnekleri daha ok bulacamza inanyoruz.
Bizlerde Pamukkale niversitesi arkeoloji blmne, tarihe
kazandrdklar bu almalarndan dolay teekkrlerimizi
sunuyor, tarihe k tutacak
yeni baarlarn heyecanla
bekliyoruz.
Tarihi Prokopiosun yapm
hakknda bilgiler verdii 3. Ayasofya, Miletostan sidoros ve
Trallesten Antemios adl iki
mimar tarafndan yaplmaya
balanr. Yapm almalar srasnda yz usta, bin kalfa ve
on bin ii altrlr. Yapnn
bir an nce bitirilmesini arzu
pedestrians.
It is written on the inscription
on a pedestal of the parapet of
the five-arched bridge, which
is still in use today, and even
T.I.R. lorrys pass over it, that
the opening ceremony for this
bridge was held in September, 157 A.D. And there are
two more parapet blocks with
reliefs. The sea voyage of M.
Apuleius Eurykles, who donated the bridge, is depicted
in these reliefs. Eurykles represented Aizanoi in Athens,
in the Hellenic Union called
the Panhellenion,* founded
by the Emperor Hadrian, between 153 and 157 A.D. And
he returned to Aizanoi in the
autumn of 157 A.D. Hadrian
had a humanist personality,
and was a full Hellenistic admirer in all of his tastes.
The Sanctuary of Meter
Steunene: The Mother Goddess Cybele was considered
the mother of rebirth, immortality, fertility, and nature in
Anatolia.
The oldest known sanctuary in the city is the cave
with carved rocks and this
deep rock cave which has
collapsed, was the centre of
the cult of the Goddess Meter Steunene (Cybele). The
cult terracotta figurines, unearthed during the excavations here in 1928, date to
between the first century B.C.
and the 2nd century A.D. A
cascaded rock throne is visible in the upper part of the
cave. This type of sanctuary
is found in the rural areas of
Phrygia. And this shows that
the Meter Steunene sanctuaries were functioning long before the first century B.C. Two
round sacrifice pits (bothroi) built of stones on the rock
bed may belong to the earlier
period of the use of the cave
as a sanctuary. They used to
make offerings to the Mother
Goddess of Anatolia, who was

the ruler of mountains and nature, and who was believed to
inhabit rock formations.
I wish to end the information
provided on this area with a
quote from an article by Assoc.
Dr. Elif Ozer who is continuing
the excavations at Aizanoi;
When we asked the local
people, especially the elderly,
they said that they used to
gather together wife and child
when there was drought, and
go to the hills (Kiran Bayir and
Bedir) for the rain prayers, in
the old times. So far, everything is normal. It is a tradition, practiced in many places
in Anatolia, but things change
as the place they go up to is
just across from the sanctuary of Meter Steunene where
the Aizanites used once to
worship, and you see that
some traditions still continue
in Aizanoi over the centuries,
even if their names and forms
have changed...
Cave in the Kizik Mountain
(Kocadag): The local people
call this cave the Bear Lair,
which is south of the village of
Kizik 12 km, from Cavdarhisar,
and is at the foot of Kocadag.
This cave and the remains of
structures were found by M.
Schede and colleagues engaged in research in the area
between 1926 and 1928. The
report of the person who had
brought the team here by
horse carriage and the legend circulating among people
resemble to each other. The
stories tell that the mint and
treasury of Aizanoi used to be
inside this cave and one had
to pass through many tricky
mazes to reach here, and
the fact that after M. Schede
and colleagues had entered
the cave and passed through
some doors, they faced three
more doors, and thinking that
* Panhellenion: It is the name of the Hellenic Union founded by the emperor Hadrian.
there were booby trapped

paths, could not proceed, are
consistent with the stories.
But today, the only thing we
can say based upon concrete
evidence is this that water
was brought to Aizanoi from
this mountain. The foundation stones of the limestone
blocks of the structure built
for the transport of water and
the marble arches where the
water was poured remain visible today.
Maltepe: Building structures
are to be seen on the hill to
the west of the theater. This
part was not excavated, but it
is thought there used to be a
great palace here. The local
people have called this place
Maltepe (Hill of Commodities) as they have found ring
stones, valuables and coins
here.
Necropolis (City Cemetery):
The necropolis is located
to the north, northeast and
northwest of the theater.
The most common depiction on the gravestones is

the gateway into Hades.
These gates are the same as
the gates of most of the village
houses, and this indicates this
tradition has continued in the
region for thousands of years.
Motifs providing accurate information about the identity
of the owner of the grave are
seen frequently, for example,
there are motifs of a mirror
and a basket full of wool and
fleece on the gravestones of
the women, and an eagle, a
lion and bull motifs on those
belonging to men.
I would recommend those
who are still uncertain as to
whether the Amazons lived in
Anatolia, to go to the Archaeo-
Aizanoi
Aizanoiden de ok sayda
mermer stun ve sslemeli
balklar stanbula gtrlmtr. Bu yllar yava yava
Aizanoinin yok oluunun balad yllardr. Muhtemeldir ki
birok mermer yontu ustas da
Ayasofyann inaatnda altrlmak zere stanbula gtrlm ya da kendiliinden
gitmi olmal...
Antik Baraj / Antique Dam
eden mparator Justinianos,

eski kentlerden kalma gzel
mimari paralarn Ayasofyada
kullanlmak zere stanbula
gnderilmesini tm eyaletlerine
gnderdii bir yaz ile emreder.
Bylece Anadolu, Suriye, Msr
ve Yunanistann antik ehirle-
rinden mimari paralar, gemilerle, arabalarla Ayasofyaya

getirilir. Efesten, Artemis Tapnandaki krmz porfir stunlardan sekiz adet getirilip
kullanlmtr.
Ayasofyann yapmnda (532),
Erken Bizans Dneminin

nemli piskoposluk merkezi
olan Aizanoi VIII. yzyldan
itibaren, itibarn yitirip tarih
sayfasndan silinmeye balamtr. MS XIII. yyda Germiyanoullar Beyliine dahil
olan Aizanoide Tatar boyundan avdar kabilesi yaamaya
balamtr. Tapnak bu dnemde kale olarak kullanlmtr, hatta duvarlarna onlar tarafndan yaplan figrleri imdi
bile grmek mmkndr...
K
E
TE
Uzun sredir birlikte almaktan keyif aldmz;
kltr varlklarmzn korunmas ve geri getirilmesi,

lkemiz turizminin ok daha ileriye tanmas
konularnda gsterdii baarlardan ve her zaman
biz rehberlere desteinden dolay Sayn eski
Bakanmz Erturul GNAYa teekkr eder;
yeni Bakanmz Sayn mer ELKe de
grevinde baarlar dileriz...
L
T
U
K
AM
logical Museum of Kutahya,

and see the Sarcophagus of
Amazons there. The sarcophagus in Aizanoi was carved in
the high relief technique and
there are reliefs depicting the
battles between the Greeks
and Amazons, on the sides of
the sarcophagus. This is the
most robust one, among the
small number of sarcophaguses recording the Amazons
in the world. Today, it is exhibited in one of the main halls of
the Archaeological Museum of
Kutahya. Another piece of sarcophagus found in the ancient
city is exhibited to visitors in
the garden of the Archaeological Museum of Kutahya.
During the excavations of the
necropolis ongoing during the
summer months in 2012, the
excavation team has reached
a burial chamber. I would like
to report here the information
that the excavation team has
given to the media;
This is a burial chamber, and
inside we have found human
skeletons, oil lamps, ceramic
pots and coins. We know that
there are examples of this kind
of burial chambers in the ancient period. However, this
burial chamber is slightly different from its counterparts in
other regions; there are diamond-shaped decorations, in
addition to door, door lock and
mirror motifs, on the walls. We
know the door-shaped decorations characteristic of the region, and the grave stones of
the region.
an afterlife, they have reflected this in their graves, burial

forms, and burial rites for the
dead. And this burial chamber
appears to be the best example of this approach. In this respect, it emerges as a rich and
new find for the region and we
are very pleased to have found
this burial chamber. We continue to work with enthusiasm
and we believe that we will find
more examples like this one.
And we thank the Pamukkale
University, Department of Archeology for the work they
have undertaken, contributed
to history, and we look forward
to their new finds which will
shed further light on history.
The construction of the 3rd
church of Hagia Sophia,
which the historian Prokopios
recorded provides information about its construction,
was begun by two architects,
namely Isidoros from Miletus
and Antemios from Tralles. A
hundred masters, a thousand
journeymen, and ten thousand workers were employed
during the construction work.
The Emperor Justinian, who
wished the building to be finished as soon as possible, ordered beautiful architectural
pieces from the old cities to
be sent to Constantinople to
be reused in Hagia Sophia,
in a letter sent to all states
by him. Thus, architectural

pieces from the ancient cities of Anatolia, Syria, Egypt,
and Greece were brought to
Hagia Sophia by ships and in
carts. Eight of the red porphyry columns from the Temple
of Artemis were brought from
Ephesus and reused.
A large number of marble
columns and ornate cornices
were also taken from Aizanoi to Constantinople, during
the construction of this Hagia
Sophia in 532. These were
the years when the slow destruction of Aizanoi began. It
is likely that many of the masters of marble carving were
taken for the construction of
Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, or had gone by themselves...
Aizanoi, which was an important center of the episcopacy
in the early Byzantine period,
began to lose its reputation
and get wiped from history,
from the 8th century onwards.
The Cavdar tribe of Tatars began to live in Aizanoi, which
was included in the Principality of Germiyanogullari, in the
13th century A.D. The temple
was used as a fortress during
this period, and the figures
carved in its walls by them
can still be seen more than
severn hundred years later...
However, these ornaments are

completely unique to the region. Although it is a decorative
form that appears frequently
in the structures in Aizanoi, it
was met here for the first time
within a burial chamber. They
have somehow carved the
door to the other world in this
grave. As they were aware of
Zeus Tapna Medusa / Zeus Temple Medusa
Aspendos
- 4. Blm
T. M. P. DUGGAN
ASPENDOS
Bu kabartmada tasvir edilen

kadn figrnn ak doas
nedeniyle, 1930daki restorasyon ykmna kadar saray
camiini ieren dou blmnden sahne binasnn Roma
duvaryla ayrlm, bu saray
binasnn bat blmndeki bu
ykseklikte, sarayn zel blmnn de pekl yer alm
olabilecei kesinlikle ileri srlebilir - batya bakan i duvarda
bu kabartma ve Roma orkestra
zemininin tepesindendeki dolgunun zerine ina edilmi saray zemininin zerinde batya
doru uzanan odalarla, harem.
Ne yazk ki, Roma orkestra zemininin zerindeki, o zamanlar
halen yerinde olan Seluklu saray zemininin 1960lardaki temizleme almalar srasnda
tamamen ortadan kaldrlmas
ve bu iaretleri detaylandrm
olmas gereken bu temizleme
almalarnn kaytlarnn ta-
mamen yokluu, dayanaklarn

Seluklu saray zeminini kestii
anlamna gelmektedir. Bunlar,
sahne duvarndan dar uzanan, batya bakan Seluklu eklemelerinin geniliini ve kapsamn, neredeyse kesinlikle,
ortaya koymu olurdu. Sahne
duvarnn br tarafndaki orkestrann ou, muhtemelen
son yarm yzylda kaybolmutur; Suriyedeki Bosrada
da durum byle olmutur.
Bosra, bir Roma tiyatrosunun
bir Mslman sarayna dntrlmesinin daha eski bir
Eyyubi rneidir. 1940lardan
sonra, Suriyenin Fransz igali
srasnda, Bosra tiyatrosunun
restorasyonu esnasnda, Eyyubi saray tahrip edilmitir.
Belks saraynn zel blm-haremi iin, Sultan

II. Gyaseddin Keyhsrev
tarafndan bu konunun ile-
ri srlen seimi, yalnzca

ada Hsrev ve Nizaminin
eseri Hsrev ile irine
duyduu gerek bir ilgiyi
yanstmakla kalmaz, ayn
zamanda dorudan kendi
hayatyla, uzun sre gelini
olmasn istedii, Kafkasyal
Grc hatun, Kafkasyal
irini ile de ilikilendirilebilir.
Dahas, bu makalenin 1. Blmnde aklanan, sarayn
d kabartma eserinin konu
seiminin de, Nizaminin Hsrev ile irinini yanstt ileri
srlebilir, nk bu d kabartma eritlerinde aslanlar
ve bir geyik tasvir edilmitir ve
Nizami Hsrevi aslan, irini
de geyii oynar olarak tanmlamaktadr. Aklar bu iki yaratkla temsil edilmitir ve bu da
neredeyse kesinlikle nemli bir
sembolik motif olarak seilmi
ve Aspendostaki bu sarayn
d kabartma eserinin tasarmnda kullanlm bir imadr.
Belks saraynn iindeki ve
zerindeki Seluklu kabartma
eserde somutlatrlan anlamn bu yorumu, insann, Belks-Aspendos saraynn Sultan
Gyaseddin Keyhsrevin ak
iin tasarlandn ve ina edildiini ileri srmesine yol aar.
Bu, Hsrev ile irinin ilk blmnde anlatld gibi, uzak
ve uzun zamandr beklenen
bir aktr. Ayrca, Aspendostaki sarayn, mutemelen, gelini, irini, Grc hatunu, ei,
Belks iin bir armaan olarak
ina edildii de ileri srlebilir.
Bylece, Belks ismi, Aspendostaki hem Seluklu, hem de
modern yerleimlere verilmitir. Muazzam Belks-Aspendos
saraynn blmlerine uygulanm kabartma sslemeleri
Aspendos
- Part 4
Fotoraf: Halil Arkan
T. M. P. DUGGAN
Due to the revealing nature of
the female figure depicted in
this relief, the suggestion can
certainly be made that at this
height in the western part of this
palace building, separated by
the Roman wall of the sceanae frons from the eastern section that contained the palace
mosque until its destruction in
the 1930s restoration, there
may well have been located
the private quarters of the palace - the harem, with this relief
on the interior west facing wall
and with the rooms extending
out westwards over the palace
pavement constructed over
the infill on top of the Roman
orchestra pavement.
Unfortunately the complete removal in cleaning work in the
1960s of the then still in situ
Seljuk palace floor that overlay
the Roman orchestra floor, and
the complete lack of records of
this cleaning work that should

have detailed these markings,
mean that the footings cut in
the Seljuk palace floor, that
would almost certainly have
revealed the width and the extent of the west facing Seljuk
additions extending out from
the sceanae frons, perhaps
across much of the orchestra have been lost in the last
half century; as was also the
case at Bosra in Syria, the earlier Ayyubid precedent for the
conversion of a Roman theatre into a Muslim palace, with
the Ayyubid palace destroyed
during the restoration of the
Bosra theatre from the 1940s
onwards, during the French
occupation of Syria.
The suggested choice of

this subject by Sultan Giyathsed-Din Keyhsrev II
for the private quartersharem of the Belkis palace
may reflect not only an

interest in his namesake
Khsrev, and a real interest
in Nizamis work Khsrev
and Shirin, but can also be
related directly to his own
life, to his long intended
bride, the Lady from Georgia (Grc hatun) coming
from the Caucasus, his
Shirin from the Caucasus.
Further, it can be suggested
that the choice of subject of
the palace exterior relief work,
described in Part I of this article, may also reflect Nizamis
Khsrev and Shirin, as lions
and one deer are depicted in
these band of exterior reliefs
and Nizami describes Khsrev
as playing the lion and Shirin
the deer, with the lovers represented by these two creatures,
an allusion that was almost
certainly picked upon as a
significant symbolic motif and
Aspendos
yoluyla detaylandrmak iin

Hsrev ile irinden bu konu
seimleri, yalnzca Sultann
Nizaminin Hsrev ile irinine
olan ilgisini yanstmakla kalmaz, ayn zamanda gen, romantik, savurgan, kararsz ve
dnmeden hareket eden mizacn da yanstr.
En byk olunun Saltanat srdrmesini istemeyen babasyla
aras aktr. Byle bir miza,
onun dneminde Rum Seluklu
Devletinin bamszln ve gcn kaybetmesinde kk bir
rol oynam olabilir. te yandan,
ancak romantik ve gerekten savurgan bir yaradl, 17 yanda,
Aspendostaki bu byk fabrika
benzeri terkedilmi Roma tiyatro
yapsnn, gelini iin Belks saray dn hediyesine dntrlmesini ngrm, arzu etmi ya
da onaylam olabilirdi.
Bu 13. yy saray kabartma
eserinin olas tarihi
Sultan I. Alaeddin Keykubatn
kn Antalya blgesinde geirdii zamann uzunluu ve
bataklk-gl ile Kpr ay kylarnda avclk ve ku av olanaklar gz nne alndnda

ve bunlar, Manavgata ulaana kadar, Antalya-Alanya yolu
boyunca Seluklu kk yaplarnn yokluu ile birletirildiinde, Aspendos akropolndeki
yaplarn Seluklu dnmlerinin bazlar, I. Alaeddin Keykubat dnemine ait olabilir.
Ayrca, Antalyadan gelen yolu
yeni fethettii Alanya ehrine
balamas iin, nehir zerinde
bir kpr inasn emretmi olmas da ok muhtemel grnmektedir.
1221de
Manavgattan
Alanyaya kadar olan blgenin fethini (fetihler, askeri birliklerin olduu kadar, muhtemelen devlet ve
ticaret kervanlarnn geii
iin, 1225e kadar, douya, Silifkeye doru geniletilmiti) izleyen, Antalya
ile Alanya arasndaki sahil
yolunun nemi, I. Alaeddin

Keykubat tarafndan bir
kprnn kesinlikle dikildii anlamna gelir.
Ayrca, Seluklu kprsnn
zerinde kalan yazt bunun iin
hi kant salamasa da, bugn
bu kprde byk lde yerinde duran yazt, 1239-40ta
Sultan II. Gyaseddin Keyhsrev tarafndan sfrdan inasndan ok, bu kprye daha sonradan yaplan onarma iaret
etmektedir. Yaztn kprnn
gvdesinin iine deil, korkuluun d yzne ina edilmi
olmas da, olas restorasyonu gsterebilir, ancak mutlaka byle olmas gerekmez.
Seluklu kprsnn 123940ta Sultan II. Gyaseddin
Keyhsrev tarafndan inasndan ok muhtemel yenilemesi,
bu sarayn tamamlanmas da
dhil olmak zere, birok neden yznden gerekli hale gelmi olabilir ve mreffeh bir ehir ile Belks konulu 4000 Rum
Seluklu askerine ek olarak saray personeli ve yetkililerinden
was employed in the design of

this exterior palace relief-work
at Aspendos.
This interpretation of the
meaning embodied in the
Seljuk relief work in and on
the Belkis palace leads one to
suggest that the Belkis-Aspendos palace was designed and
was constructed for Sultan Giyathsed-Din Khsrevs love, a
distant and long awaited love,
like that described in the first
part of Khsrev and Shirin ,
and that the palace at Aspendos was probably constructed
as a gift for his bride, for his
Shirin, his Lady from Georgia,
his consort, his Belkis, hence
the name Belkis given to both
the Seljuk and the modern
settlements at Aspendos. This
choice of subjects chosen
from Khsrev and Shirin for
elaboration through the relief
decoration applied to areas
of the enormous Belkis-Aspendos palace may not only
reflect this Sultans interest in
Nizamis Khsrev and Shirin,
but also his youthful romantic
and extravagant, irresolute
and impulsive temperament,

at odds with his father who
did not want his eldest sons
succession to the Sultanate,
a temperament that would
play some small part in the
loss of the independence and
power of the Rum Seljuk Sultanate during his reign, but
then, only a romantic and truly
extravagant disposition could
have envisaged, desired or
approved at the age of 17, the
conversion of this vast Roman
factory-like abandoned theatre
structure at Aspendos into the
wedding present of the Belkis
Palace for his bride.
The probable date of this
13th c. palace relief work
Given the length of time Sultan
Alaed-Din Keykubat I spent in
the Antalya region in winter
and the possibilities for hunting and for wildfowling by the
marsh-lake and along the river
banks of the Kpr ay, when
combined with the absence of
Seljuk kk structures along
the route from Antalya to Alanya-Alaiyye until one reaches
Manavgat, some of the Seljuk

conversions of structures on
the Aspendos acropolis may
date from the reign of AlaedDin Keykubat I and it seems
most probable that he would
also have ordered the construction of a bridge across
the river to connect the route
from Antalya to his newly conquered city of Alanya.
The importance of the

coastal route between Antalya and Alanya following
the conquest of the region
from Manavgat to Alanya
in 1221, conquests extended eastwards by 1225
to Silifke, for the transit of
troops as well as possibly
state and trade caravans,
means that a bridge was
certainly erected by AlaedDin Keykubat I,
and, although the remaining inscription on the Seljuk
Aspendos
sz edilmesi gz nne alndnda, bu kprnn bakm

nemliydi. Antalya ve Alanya
ile daha uzak dou arasnda
balant salyordu. Kprnn
yokluunda, nehir tatnda,
bu askeri birlikler nehrin bat
tarafnda mahsur kalm olacakt.
bn Bibi, eserlerinde, Sultan I.
Alaeddin Keykubat dneminde
ina edilen ve kullanlan saraylar ve kkler ile ilgili nemli
bilgiler verir, ancak yapmdan
sz etmez, ayrca bu Sultann
dneminde, blgedeki tek rakibi Kubadabaddaki saray olan
bu byk saray kompleksinin
kullanmna herhangi bir atfta
da bulunmaz. bn Bibinin bu
Sultann inaat faaliyetlerine atflar ve bu Sultann saraylara ziyaretlerinin kaytlar
gz nnde tutulduunda, bn
Bibinin yazlarnda bunun yokluu, onun dneminde bunun
bir saray olarak bulunmadn
ileri srmektedir ve 1221-2de
Alanyann fethinden nce Seluklu topraklarnn snrnda
bulunduu gz nne alndnda, daha once ina edilmi
olmas son derece imkansz

grnmektedir. bn Bibinin,
1240ta ldrlene kadar inaat faaliyetlerinde kukusuz
Sadrettin Kpekten etkilenmi olan Sultan II. Gyaseddin Keyhsrevin egemenlii
altndaki inaat faaliyetlerinin
srdrlmesi ile ilgili tamamen
ok daha az bilgi vermesi dikkat ekicidir. bn Bibi, Sultan
II. Gyaseddin Keyhsrevin
emirleriyle ina edilen ehrin
elence kklerinin dnda,
bu Sultann 9 yllk dneminin tmnde, onun emir verdii herhangi bir binann inasndan sz etmez. Ancak, bu
Sultann dneminden gnmze kadar kalan bina yaztlar 1237-1240 arasnda tamamen farkl bir inaat faaliyetleri
resmi izmektedir. Bunlar arasnda, bu blgede ina edilen
aada sz edilen binalar
ve ayrca, rnein, byk Azkara Hann inas ve inasna Sultan I. Alaeddin Keykubat dneminde balanan,
Kayserideki byk Karatay
Hann daha byk blmnn
1240ta tamamlanmas vardr.
Bu sarayn inasndan sorumlu olan kiinin Sultan II.

Gyaseddin Keyhsrev olduunu ileri srmeme neden olan birok faktr vardr.
Buna yol aan, yalnzca ibn
Bibinin metninde yokluu deildir, ayrca Kubadabad saray kompleksinin esas ksm
ve Kubadiye 1236ya kadar
tamamlanmtr ve bu da, ini
retimi ve saray tasarmlarnn
ayn repertuarn ini ilerinde
yapma konusunda eitimli ustalarn, ayrca o zaman BelksAspendostaki byk sarayn
ini ii, sva ii, al ii ve boya
iinde alan ressamlarn ve
sva iilerinin serbest kalmalarn salamtr.
Ayrca Sultan II. Gyaseddin
Keyhsrevin ve yetkililerinin
bu blgede inasn emir verdikleri yaplardan da aka
belli olduu gibi, Sultan btn
bu blgeye byk nem vermitir. Sultan II. Gyaseddin
Keyhsrevin kendi dnemi
srasnda inasna dorudan
emir verdii yaplarn ounluu Gneybat Anadolunun
bu blgesinde yer almtr;
Aspendos
bunlar arasnda, Aspendosta

1239-40taki kpr inasna
ya da onarmna ek olarak,
unlar vardr:
Antalya - Alanya yolundaki

arapsa Han, 1237-8 tarihinde Eridirin dnda ina
edilen byk Eridir Ta
Han, Manavgattaki Karg
Han, Antalya-Burdur yolundaki Krkgz Han, ncir Han
ve Susuz Han ve Kemer,
Antalyadaki Seluklu kk. Ayrca, 1244 tarihinde
Antalyann ana kent surunda bir kule ina ettirmitir ve
Emiri (?) Ebu Bekir Saidolu
1244-5 tarihinde bir bakasn ina ettirmitir. Atabei
Mubariz ed-Din Armaanah,
Baba Iak ayaklanmas srasnda Amasyada Trkmenler
tarafndan ldrlmeden nce
1239-40ta tamamlanan, Antalyadaki medresesini ina
ettirmitir. eyh caed-Dinin
trbesi 1238-9da Antalyada

tamamlanrken,
Ispartann
Gelendost ilesindeki Dadil
Han 1242de tamamlanmtr.
Onun dnemindeki inaat faaliyetlerinin byk ksm ilk 4
ylda meydana gelmi grnmektedir. Bu, 1240ta balayan
Baba Iak (Baba Resul) Trkmen isyannn daha sonraki
aamalarndan ncedir ve bu
isyan Mool istilas ve 26 Haziran 1243te Ksedadaki Rum
Seluklu yenilgisi izlemitir. Bu
byk sarayn dnmnn
1243 Seluklu yenilgisinden
sonraki dnemde balamam
olacan ve muhtemelen 1240
isyanndan ok nce baladn ileri srmek makul grnmektedir. Bu Sultann, Antalya
blgesindeki, bu saray da dhil
olmak zere, nemli inaat faaliyetleri, kukusuz, ksmen, Atabei Mbarized-Din Ertokuun
etkisi yzndendir. Atabek
Mbarized-Din Ertoku, birbirini izleyen Seluklu sultanlarnn
egemenlii altnda, Antalyann
ve 1207deki fethini izleyen dnemde Alanya blgesinin uzun
sre banda olmutur. Sultan

Alaeddin Keykubat tarafndan
kendi adna Erzincan ynetmesi iin, gen prens Gyaseddin Keyhsrev ile birlikte
Erzincana gnderilmitir.
Yukarda belirtilenlere ek olarak,
d cephedeki lentonun zerinde oyulmu kedigilin biimi
ile 1237-1243 arasnda Sultan
II. Gyaseddin Keyhsrevin dinarlar ve dirhemleri zerine
baslan kedigil tasviri arasnda
ok yakn benzerlik vardr; ayrca, bugn Antalya Mzesinde,
Aspendos - Belks sarayndan
saray ini ii kaplamalarnn
kalntlar vardr. Bunlar bu dneme ait ve Kubadabad ini
ilerinin
tamamlanmasndan
sonra yaplm grnmektedir.
Bu sarayda, Kubadabaddaki
ini ii tasarmlarnn deiik biimleri vardr ve fra ileri de
Kubadabadda yaplandan muhtemelen biraz daha gevektir.
Yukarda belirtilenler sonucunda, Roma tiyatrosunun

Seluklu sarayna dn-
construction activity between

1237 and 1240, including the
buildings constructed in this
region mentioned below and
also including for example,
the construction of the vast
Azkara Han and the completion of the greater part of the
massive Karatay han by Kayseri in 1240, the construction
of which was only begun under
Sultan Alaed-Din Keykubat I.
bridge provides no evidence

for it, there is the strong possibility that the largely in situ
inscription on this bridge today
marks the subsequent repair
of this bridge, rather than its
construction from scratch by
1239-40 by Sultan GiyathsedDin Keyhusrev II. That the
inscription was built into the
outer face of the parapet, not
within the body of the bridge,
may also indicate possible
restoration, but not necessarily so. The probable renovation
rather than construction by
Sultan Giyathsed-Din Keyhsrev II in 1239-40 of the Seljuk
bridge may have become necessary for a number of reasons including the completion
of this palace, and, given the
mention of a prosperous city
and 4,000 Rum Seljuk troops
stationed at Belkis in addition
to the palace staff and officials,
the maintenance of this bridge
was important, ensuring connections between Antalya and
Alanya and further east, as in
the absence of a bridge when
the river was in spate this body
of troops would have been marooned, restricted to the western bank.
Ibn Bibi relates in his work
considerable information concerning the palaces and pavilions that were constructed and
used during the reign of Sultan
Alaed-Din Keykubat I, however, he fails to mention the construction, nor does he make
any reference to the use of this
huge palace complex during
this Sultans reign, a palace
only rivaled in area by that at
Kubadabad. Its absence from
ibn Bibis text would suggest,
given his references to this
Sultans construction activity
and his record of this sultans
visits to palaces, that it did
not exist as a palace during
his reign and it would seem
most improbable that it would
have been constructed earlier,
given that it stood at the edge
of Seljuk territory prior to the
conquest of Alanya in 1221-2.
It is noteworthy that ibn Bibi is
altogether far less forthcoming concerning the continuation of construction activity
under Sultan Giyathsed-Din
Keyhsrev II, who was doubtless influenced in this activity by SadredDin Kpek until he was murdered in 1240.
Ibn Bibi does not mention the
construction of any building ordered by Sultan Giyathsed-Din
Keyhsrev II during this Sultans entire reign of 9 years,
with the exception of the city
entertainment pavilions-kk
constructed on the orders of
this Sultan. However, the surviving building inscriptions
from this Sultans reign paint
an entirely different picture of
It is the combination of a
number of factors that leads
me to suggest that Sultan Giyathsed-Din Keyhsrev II was
responsible for the construction of this palace, not only its
absence from ibn Bibis text,
but also the completion of the
bulk of the Kubadabad palace
complex and the Kubadiye by
1236, which would have freed
up craftsmen trained in tile
production and in executing
the same repertory of palace
designs on tile work, as also
the painters and stucco workers to work elsewhere, who
then worked on the tile-work,
stuccowork, plastering and
paintwork of the huge palace
at Belkis-Aspendos; as also
the importance that Sultan
Giyathsed-Din Keyhsrev II
attached to this entire region,
made clear from the structures
he and his officials ordered
constructed within it. The majority of the structures that Sultan GiyathsedDin Keyhsrev
II directly ordered to be erected
during his reign lay within this
region of south western Anatolia; in addition to the bridge or
repair thereof at Aspendos of
1239-40, they include:
arapsa han on the Antalya-Alanya road, the large

Eridir Ta han of 1237-8
built outside Eridir, Kargi
han by Manavgat, Krkgz
han, ncir han and Susuz
han on the AntalyaBur-
Aspendos
ne gre, byk olaslkla, bu

saray, gelini, irini, Grcistanl Belks iin ina ettirilmitir
ve bu nedenle, onun 1240ta
Rum Seluklu Sultanlndan
geliinden nce tamamlanm
olmas gerekir. Belks-Aspendos saray, kesinlikle, en ge
1261e kadar Trkmen denetimi altndayd, ancak evredeki blgenin 1245ten sonraki
gvensizlii, sarayn, yalnzca
tamamland 1240tan 1245e
kadarlk sre iinde, yani yalnzca bu sultann dnemi srasnda tam anlamyla ilev
grm olabilecei anlamna
geliyordu. Bu ok ksa kullanm
dnemi, kaynaklarda Belks saray kompleksine referanslarn
yokluunu aklamaktadr. Tek
istisna, S. F. Ertenin belirttii
ve aksi takdirde bilinmeyen bir
metinde sznn edilmesidir.
srasnda meydana geldii

ileri srlebilir ve inaatn,
Sultann yaklamakta olan
ve uzun zamandr beklenen evlilii ile ilikili olarak,
1237-8in knda balam
olabilecei tahmin edilebilir.
trlmesinin
muhtemelen 1237 - 1240 arasnda,
Sultan II. Gyaseddin Keyhsrev dneminin ilk ksm
Yeni Sultan 1238in ilkbaharnda Konyaya dnmeden once,

btn k Antalya blgesinde
geirmitir. Bu makalede aklanan Seluklu saray kabartma almasnn, ayrca i ve
d boya ilerinin ounun ve
sahne binasnn, merdivenlerin
ve odalarn ini ii kaplamalarnn ileri srlen tarihi, bu nedenle, 1237 - 1240 arasndaki
3 yllk dnemdir, nk, gr-
Ayrca, bu sultann adil ynetici,

ikinci bir Sleyman ve Grcistanl kraliesinin de Belks
olarak tanmlanmasyla, 13.
yydaki ehrin ve bugnk kasabann hl Belks ismini koruduu gz nnde tutulduunda,
bu saray kompleksinin 1240ta
Sultandan gelinine, Belksna
bir evlilik hediyesi olarak ina
ettirildiini ileri srmek makul
grnmektedir. Benzerlik alnlktaki sva kabartmada bile
tasvir edilmi olabilir, nk
Belksn portresinin, Sultann
dneminde baslan dinar ve
dirhemlerin bazlarnn zerinde
tasvir edildii bildirilmitir. Bu
tasvirlerde Belksn yz gnein iindedir ve Sultan da akn
yla aydnlanan aslan ya
da aslanlarla temsil edilmitir.
Aslan(lar) ve gnein iindeki
yz tayan paralarnda ifade
edilen ayn iliki, orijinalinde boyal sva kabartma iiyle kapl
bu sarayn cephesinde oyulmu
aslanlar ve geyik siluetleriyle ve
yeniden ilenmi alnlktaki sva
kabartmadaki, Nizaminin metninden irin-Belks tasviri ile
ifade edilmiti, yani ak olanla
ak olunann ilikisi.
dur road and the Seljuk

kk at Kemer, Antalya.
He also built a tower in the
main city wall of Antalya dated
1244 and his Emir(?) Abu Bakr
Saidolu built another dated
1244-5. His Atabeg, Mubariz
ed-Din Armaanshah built his
medrese in Antalya, completed
in 1239-40 before being killed
by Turkmen at Amasya during
the Baba Iak uprising, while
the turbe of eyh caedDin
was also completed in Antalya
in 1238-9 and the Dadil han in
the Gelendost district of sparta
was completed in 1242.
The bulk of the dated construction activity in his reign
seems to have occurred within its first 4 years, prior to the
later stages of the Baba Iak
(Baba Rasul) Turkmen rebellion that began in 1240 which
was followed by the Mongol invasion and Rum Seljuk defeat
at Kseda on the 26th of June
1243 and it seems reasonable
to suggest the conversion of
this huge palace would not
have begun in the period after
the Seljuk defeat of 1243 and
was probably begun well before the uprising of 1240.
His considerable construction
activity in the Antalya region,
including, it is suggested of this
palace, was doubtless in art
due to the influence of his Atabeg Mbarized-Din Ertoku,
under successive Seljuk sultans long in charge of Antalya
and the Antalya region following its conquest in 1207, who
was sent by Sultan Alaed-Din
Keykubat to Erzincan with the
young prince GiyathsedDin
Keyhusrev to administer Erzincan on his behalf.
In addition to the above indications, there is also the very
close parallel between the form
of the feline carved on the lintel
on the exterior faade with the

depiction of the feline struck
on some of Sultan GiyathsedDin Keyhsrev IIs dinars and
dirhems in the period between
1237 and 1243, and there are
also the remains of the palace
tile-work revetments from the
Aspendos-Belkis palace today
in the Antalya Museum, which
seem to date from this reign,
subsequent to the completion
of the Kubadabad tile-work, to
which there are variant designs
and perhaps the brushwork is
at times somewhat looser than
that employed at Kubadabad.
In consequence of the
above indications one can
therefore suggest that the
conversion of the Roman
theater into the Seljuk palace probably occurred
during the first part of the
reign of Sultan GiyathsedDin Keyhsrev II between
1237 and 1240 and one
can surmise that the construction may have begun
in the winter of 1237-8,
associated with his forthcoming and long awaited marriage,
when the new Sultan spent the
entire winter in the Antalya region before his return to Konya
in the spring of 1238.
The suggested date for the
Seljuk palace relief work that
is described in this article, as
also for much of the exterior
and interior paintwork and for
the tile-work revetments of
the stage building, staircases
and rooms, is therefore to the
three year period between
1237 and 1240, as this palace
was it seems, most probably
constructed for his bride, his
Shirin, his Belkis from Georgia and would therefore have
had to have been completed in

time for her arrival in the Rum
Seljuk Sultanate in 1240.
The Belkis-Aspendos palace
was certainly under Turkmen
control by 1261 at the latest,
but the insecurity of the surrounding region from ca. 1245
onwards meant that the palace
may have fully functioned only
in the period from its completion
by 1240 to ca. 1245, that is during the reign of only this sultan,
with this very brief period of use
explaining the absence of references to the palace complex of
Belkis in the sources, with the
single exception of its mention
in an otherwise unknown text
noted by S. F. Erten.
Further, with this sultan described as a second Sleyman, the just ruler and his
queen from Georgia as Belkis, it seems reasonable to
suggest, given that the city in
the 13th c. and the township today still retains the name Belkis, that this palace complex
may have been constructed
as a marriage gift from the Sultan in 1240 to his bride, to his
Belkis, whose likeness may
even have been depicted in
the stucco relief in the tympanum, as her portrait was also
reportedly depicted on some of
the dinars and dirhems struck
during his reign, the face within
the sun, with the Sultan being
represented by the lion or lions
illuminated by the light of love.
The same relationship that was
expressed on his coinage bearing the lion(s) and face in the
sun, was expressed through
the silhouette lions and deer
carved on the faade of this
palace originally covered by
painted stucco relief work, and
by the depiction of Shirin-Belkis
from Nizamis text in the stucco
relief in the re-worked pediment, that is the relationship of
lover and beloved.
Dubai:
Ortadounun Parlayan Yldz...
Atlantis Burj Al-Arab, Dubai / UAE
Engin MERDAN, Rehber

Dergimizin yeni saysnda yine
sizlerle beraberiz. Bu saymzda
sizlere son yllarda parlayan bir
yldz tantmaya alacam;
DUBA...
Dubaiye ilk gidiim 2007 ylnda idi. O dnemlerde Dubai ismi
lksn sembol, alveri cenneti
olarak herkesi ekiyordu. 1999 ylnda alan otel, dnyada ilk 7* ve
yine dnyann en pahal oteli olarak ehrin simgesi haline geliyor
ve Dubai ad ile zdeleiyordu.
Nasl Paris Eyfel Kulesi ile veya
Venedik gondollaryla nlyse,
ite Dubai de bu muhteem oteli
ile bir simge haline geliyordu; bu
otelin ad BURJ AL ARAB (Araplarn kulesi).
Burj al Arab Araplarn kulesi an-
lamna gelse de mimarisi yelkenli gemiye benzedii iin Yelken

Hotel olarak da anlmakta. Otelin
inaatna 1994 ylnda balanyor
ve 1999 ylnda al yaplyor.
Maliyeti konusunda bugne kadar ok speklasyon yaplsa da
1,5 milyar dolarn stnde para
harcand belirtiliyor. 60 katl ve
320 m yksekliinde; 202 suitten
oluuyor, en kk suit 170 m2 en
by ise 780 m2dir.
Genelde otelde kalmak yerine
nnde bir hatra fotoraf ektiriyoruz. Otel ykseklii bakmndan
sahili kapatmasn diye kydan
200 m aa, deniz doldurularak
yaplm.
Bugn ise artk Dubai 2 milyona
yaklaan nfusu ile hem enleri
oaltmaya devam ediyor hem
de dnya finans sektrnde de
nemli bir yer tutuyor.
Birleik Arap Emirliinin 7 emirliinden en bydr Dubai ve
bakent Abu Dhabi olmasna ramen en ok turist eken emirlii
konumundadr. Her emirlik ayr
emir ailelerinden oluuyor. 1971
ylnda bir ngiliz smrgesin-
den bamszln ilan ediyor.

Dubaide emirlik ailesi Maktoum
ailesidir ve nfusun yaklak %
80i yabanc vatandalardan oluuyor ki bunlarn iinde en kalabalk nfus da Hintlilerdir...
Dubai vergi cenneti olarak da biliniyor. lkede gelir vergisi yok,
benzin TL olarak karlatrdmzda 1 lirann altnda; haliyle
byle olunca da en muhteem
aralar yine burada grmek mmkn.
2012de al yaplan Burj

Khalifa yani halifenin kulesi 828 m ile dnyann en
yksek kulesi konumunda.
165 kattan oluan yap yine dnyann en hzl asansrne sahip;
saatte 65 km. Dnyann en yksek
camisi de yine bu binada bulunmakta; 158. katta... Akamlar
saat 23e kadar binann nnde
bulunan devasa suni glde mthi
bir ses ve k grnts ile bylenebilirsiniz. Seilen mziklerin
iinde Ezel dizisinin mzii de
bulunuyor ve bu ses ve k gs-
Dubai:
The Shining Star of Middle East...
Dubai, ehir Grnm / City Night View
Engin MERDAN, Tour Guide

We are together with you again
in the new issue of our Quarterly.
In this issue, I will try to introduce
you a star shining in recent years;
DUBAI...
My first visit to Dubai was in 2007.
At that time, the name of Dubai
attracted everyone as the symbol of luxury and the shoppers
paradise. The hotel opened in
1999 had become the symbol of
the city as the worlds first 7* and
the worlds most expensive hotel
and was identified with the name
of Dubai. Just as how Paris was
famous with the Eiffel Tower or
Venice with its gondolas, Dubai
had become a symbol with this
fabulous hotel; the name of this
hotel was BURJ AL ARAB (Arab
Tower).
Although Burj al Arab means the
Arab Tower, it is also referred
to as the Sail Hotel as its architecture resembles a sailing ship.
The construction of the hotel was
started in 1994, and it was opened
in 1999. Although a lot of specula-
tion has been made so far about

its cost, it is denoted that more
than 1.5 billion dollars have been
spent. It is 60-storey and 320 m
in height; it consists of 202 suites,
the smallest suite is 170 m2, and
the largest suite is 780 m2.
In general, instead of staying at
the hotel, we have a souvenir
photo taken in front of it. The hotel is constructed 200 m from the
shore by filling the sea so as not
to shut out the shore due to its
height.
Today, Dubai both continues to
increase its the mosts with its
population approaching 2 million,
and occupies an important place
in the finance sector of the world.
Dubai is the largest of the 7 emirates of United Arab Emirates, and
although Abu Dhabi is the capital,
it is the emirate attracting the most
tourists. Each emirate consists of
seperate families of amirs. It has
declared its independence from a
British colony in 1971. The emirate family in Dubai is the family of
Maktoum. About 80% of its popu-
lation consists of foreign citizens,

and the most crowded population
among them are the Indians
Dubai is also known as a tax haven. There is no income tax in the
country, fuel costs less than 1 lira
when compared to TL; therefore,
it is possible to see the most fabulous vehicles again here.
Burj Khalifa, i. e. the caliph

tower, which is opened in
2012, is the worlds tallest
tower with 828 m.
The 165-storey building again has
the worlds fastest elevator; 65
km per hour. The worlds highest
mosque is also in this building;
on the 158th floor You can be
fascinated by a great sound and
light view in the huge artificial
lake in front of the building until
11 PM. There is the soundtrack
of the TV series named Ezel
among the musics selected, and
the company making this sound
and light show is the company
making the sound and light shows
of the world-famous Bellagio Hotel
Dubai: Ortadounun Parlayan Yldz / The Shining Star of Middle East
Palmiye Adas
anlayacaksnz.
terisini yapan firma Las Vegasta

bulunan dnyaca nl Bellagio
Otelinin ses ve k gsterilerini
yapan firma.
Bina ile ayn anda al yaplan dnyann en byk AVMsi
de burada bulunuyor; Dubai
Mall. 1000 maazadan oluan
ve gezmek iin 2-3 gn gereken
muazzam bir mekan. inde yine
en byk akvaryum bulunuyor.

Bunun dnda, Dubaide 50ye
yakn alveri merkezi var ve
AVMler akam ge saatlere kadar
ak durumdalar. Bayramlarda
ise AVMler 24 saat ak. Para
birimi Dirhem ama unu da belirtmeliyim ki eski ucuzluk kalmad
artk Dubaide ve paralarnzn
dirhem dirhem bittiini siz de
hemen alveri gezisinden sonra
Tabii Dubai sadece alveri mekanlar ile deil farkl aktiveler

asndan da mutlaka grlmesi
gereken bir yer. Dubaiye gidip l
safari turuna katlmamak byk
bir eksiklik olurdu herhalde. len 15 gibi otelinizden Jeeplerle
alnyorsunuz ki jeepler byk,
klimal jeepler. Dubainin dna
yaklak 45 dakikalk seyahatten
sonra le ulalyor ve mthi bir
keyif balyor. Jeepleri kullanan
ofrler olduka profesyoneller ve
inili kl birok tepeden ve ksa
ksa molalardan sonra gnein
batn lde izliyor ve bol bol
fotoraf ekiyorsunuz. Daha sonra
lde kurulmu byk bedevi adrlarnda akam mzik ve dansz
eliinde ak bfe yemeimizi
yiyor ve saat 21 gibi tekrar dn
yolculuuna geiyoruz. Bu turlar
her otelin resepsiyonundan satn
alabiliyorsunuz; kii ba fiyat ortalama 90 USD.
Ertesi gn ise dilerseniz Basra
Krfezinde denizin keyfini karabilirsiniz. klim olarak Dubai yaz
aylarnda kavurucu scaklklara
sahip; 50 C scaklk yaz aylarnda
normal karlanyor. Bu yzden
Dubai seyahatinizi k aylarnda
planlayabilirsiniz. Ekim - Nisan
aras hava scakl 30 Cye kadar dyor.
in Las Vegas. The worlds largest

shopping center which is opened
at the same time with the building is here; the Dubai Mall. It
is a tremendous venue consisting of 1000 stores which needs
2-3 days to wander in. Again it
has the largest aquarium inside.
Apart from this, there are about
50 shopping centers in Dubai,
and they are open until late in
the evening. The shopping centers are open 24 hours during the
Eids. The currency is Dirham, but
I should denote that Dubai is not
as cheap as before, and you will
understand just after shopping
that your money finishes dirham
by dirham.
Surely, Dubai is a must-see place
not only in terms of its shopping
areas but in terms of different activities as well. It would probably
be a great fault to go to Dubai but
not go on a desert safari. You are
taken from your hotel at about 3
PM with Jeeps. The jeeps are
large and air-conditioned. After a
trip of about 45 minutes to outside
of Dubai, you reach the desert and
a terrific fun starts. The drivers of
the jeeps are quite professional.
After many bumpy hills and short
breaks, you watch the sunset in
the desert and take lots of photos.
Then, we have buffet dinner accompanied by music and dancing
in the large Bedouin tents in the
desert and at about 9 PM we set
out to return. You can purchase
these tours at the reception of
every hotel; the average price is
90 USD per person.
The next day if you wish you can
enjoy the sea in the Persian Gulf.
As climate, Dubai has scorching temperatures in the summer
months; a temperature of 50 C is
considered normal in the summer
months. So, you can plan your
trip to Dubai in the winter months.
The temperature drops to 30 C
between October-April.
You can make your city tour with
the tourist buses by getting a daily
ticket. In addition, you can tour

Dubai from one end to the other
by the Metro opened in 2012.
Dubai consists of three regions.
Deira, Bur Dubai and the Jumeirah region... There is a cove in
Dubai in the Persian Gulf that
we call an estuary. It separates
the Bur Dubai and Deira regions
almost like a river. You can also
make a beautiful boat tour with
dinner at this Dubai Creek in the
evening. In addition, you can cross
the river for 1 dirham by the river
taxis called abra and visit the spice
and gold bazaars in Deira which
is the old Dubai region.
The Jumeirah region is considered a little out of Dubai, it is the
region where the Sail Hotel is,
and at the same time, in the immediate vicinity, there is Mall of
the Emirates which is the worlds

largest indoor ski center. Mall of
the Emirates, which was opened
in 2007, again consists of a huge
shopping center and highly luxurious stores. You can enter Ski
Dubai again by paying a separate
fee in the shopping center; it is -5
degrees inside, and you can both
ski and enjoy this place by cable
car under real snowfall of 6000
tons per day.
The Jumeirah region is also famous for The Palm. The Palm
Island, which is formed by filling
the sea and that can be seen from
outer space, consists of private
villas. Each villa has a private
pool and a private beach. You can
also own these villas purchased
by many celebrities, because the
prices have fallen by half due to
the economic crisis. The Atlantis
de 1 dirheme karya geebilir ve

eski Dubai blgesi olan Deirada
baharat ve altn arlarn gezebilirsiniz.
Jumeirah blgesi ise Dubainin
biraz daha dnda saylyor, Yelken Hotelin bulunduu blge ve
ayn zamanda hemen yaknnda,
yine dnyann en byk kapal
kayak merkezi olan Mall of the
Emirates bulunur. 2007 ylnda
al yaplan Mall of the Emirates
yine devasa bir alveri merkezi
ve ok lks maazalardan oluuyor. Ski Dubaiye yine AVMnin
iinde ayr bir cret deyerek girebiliyorsunuz; ierisi -5 derece
ve gnlk 6000 ton gerek kar
ya altnda hem kayak yapabilir
hem de teleferik ile burann keyfini
karabilirsiniz.
Jumeirah blgesi, ayrca The
Palm ile de nl bir blge. Deniz doldurularak oluturulan ve
uzaydan da grlebilen Palmiye
Adas zel villalardan oluuyor.
Her bir villann zel bir havuzu
ve zel bir plaj bulunuyor. Birok
nlnn de satn ald bu villalara
siz de sahip olabilirsiniz zira ekonomik krizden dolay fiyatlar yar
yarya dm durumda. Palmiye
Adasnda bulunan Atlantis Hotel
de yine dnyann en byk otelleri
arasnda yerini alm. Otele bal
aqualand; ocuklarn karmamas gereken devasa bir su park.
Dubai Tarihi:
ehir turunuzu gnlk bir bilet

alarak turist otobsleri ile de yapabilirsiniz. Ayrca 2012 ylnda
alan Metro ile de Dubaiyi bir
batan bir baa gezebilirsiniz.
Dubai 3 blgeden olumakta. Deira, Bur Dubai ve Jumeirah blge-
si... Basra Krfezinde bulunan

Dubaide hali diye tabir ettiimiz
bir girinti var. Adeta nehir gibi Bur
Dubai ve Deira blgelerini ortadan
ayryor. Akam saatlerinde bu
Dubai Creekte yemekli gzel bir
tekne turu da yapabilirsiniz. Ayrca
abra dediimiz nehir taksileri ile
16. yzylda balayan Portekiz

etkisi 17. yzylda yerini ngilizlere
brakt. Ba kabile Kavasim ile
Arabistan ilerinden gelen Vehhabileri korsan olarak ilan eden
ngilizler, 1819 - 1820de ky limanlarna kar saldrya geti.
Aslnda ngilizlerin asl amac,
blge ticaretini kendi egemenlikleri altna almakt. Mahalli esnafn
byk bir direnii dahi ngilizlerin
deniz ticaretini kendi gdmleri
altna almalarn engelleyememitir. Sonunda korsanla son veren
1820 genel bar antlamasn
zorla kabul ettirdiler. 1853 yln-
da Denizlerde Kalc Atekes

Antlamasnn imzalanmas
zerine blgeye Atekes Kys
ad verildi. ngilizler 1892 ylnda
zel Ayrcalk Antlamas olarak
bilinen bir paktn olumasn salayarak blgenin d politikasn
denetim altna aldlar.
Atekes Kys 1873 - 1947 arasnda ngiliz Dou Hindistan
Kumpanyas, sonraki yllarda
da ngiliz Dileri Bakanl
tarafndan ynetildi. 1971 ylnda
ngilizlerin Basra Krfezinden
ekilmesi zerine, emirlikler Birleik Arap Emirlikleri ad altnda
bir federasyon oluturdu. Birleik
Arap Emirlikleri asrlarca Osmanl
egemenlii altnda yaam, petroln bulunmasyla ngilizler tarafndan Osmanl mparatorluundan
koparlmtr. 2 Aralk 1971de
ngiltereden bamszln ilan
etmitir. Bamszlk gn milli
bayram olarak kutlanr. Anayasas
ise yine 2 Aralk 1971de oluturulmutur.
Dubai son 20 ylda petroln
karlmasyla birlikte byk
bir zenginlie kavumu olup
gelirinin % 10unu sadece petrol
oluturmaktadr.
Dubai, gece grnm / Night View
Hotel in the Palm Island is again

one of the worlds largest hotels.
The aqualand attached to the hotel is a huge water park that the
children should not miss.
History of Dubai:
The Portuguese influence, which
began in the 16th century, left its
place to the British in the 17th century. The British, who declared
the chief tribe Kavasim and the
Arabian Wahhabites as pirates,
attacked the coastal ports in 1819
- 1820. In fact, the main purpose
of the British was to take the regional trade under its sovereignty.
Even a great resistance of the
local merchants could not prevent the British from taking the
maritime trade under their own
commands. Finally, they imposed
the 1820 general peace treaty that
ended piracy. After the signing of
Permanent Coastal Ceasefire
Agreement in 1853, the region
was called the Ceasefire Coast.
The British controlled the foreign
policy of the region by allowing the
formation of a pact known as the
Exclusive Agreement in 1892.
The Ceasefire Coast was ruled by
the British East India Company
between 1873 - 1947 and by the

British Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the following years. After the withdrawal of the British
from the Persian Gulf in 1971,
the emirates formed a federation
under the name of United Arab
Emirates. The United Arab Emirates have lived for centuries under
the Ottoman rule, and were cut
off from the Ottoman Empire by
the British with the discovery of
oil. It declared its independence
from Britain on December 2nd,
1971. The Independence Day is
celebrated as a national holiday.
And its Constitution was created
again on December 2nd, 1971.

Dubai has gained a great wealth
by drilling of oil in the last 20
years, and oil alone constitutes
10% of its revenues.
Haberler
Bakan Akaydnla
ARO Cafede Kahvalt...

Antalya Bykehir
Belediye Bakan Prof.
Dr. Mustafa Akaydn,
12.12.2012 tarihinde
hem yasamzn
yrrle girmesi
nedeniyle tebrik hem
de meslektalarmzn
Bykehir Belediye
Bakanndan duymak
istediklerine ak
yreklilikle cevap vermek
amacyla AROyu ziyaret
ettiler.
Kltr ve Sosyal ler Daire

Bakan Adem Akyrek ve Fen
leri Daire Bakan Sebahat
evik de konuklarmzdand.
Meslektalarmzdan gelen sorulara
itenlikle yantlar veren Bakan
Akaydn, ziyaretinin bir ans olarak
ARO Bakan Hasan Uysala Atatrk
Resmi armaan etti. ARO Bakan
Hasan UYSAL da Her zaman
olduu gibi bakanmzn yanmzda
olduunu bilmekten mutluyuz ve
bu ziyaret iin de rehberler adna
teekkr ediyoruz dedi.
2012 Yl Seminerlerini Tamamladk
nceden planland gibi

Bakanlk talimatna uygun bir
ekilde 2012 yl seminerleri
Kasm ve Aralk aylarnn
farkl gnlerinde toplam 6
ayr gnde baaryla yapld.
Meslek Yasamzn yrrle
girmesiyle son defa yaplan
seminer programlarna katlm
youndu. Rehberler hem bilgi
tazeleyip hem de grmedikleri
arkadalar ile sohbet etme
imkan buldular.
Haberler
ARO Eitim Gezileri

Perge ve Antalya Mzesi...
23.12.2012 tarihinde Perge Kazlar arkeologlarndan Rehber M. Edip zgr nderliinde
gerekletirilen kapsaml bir eitim gezisi youn yamura ramen rehberlerden byk ilgi
grd. Yaklak 75 rehberin katlmyla gerekleen program, sabahn erken saatlerinde Perge
ren Yerinde balad. Hayatnn byk bir ksmn Perge kazlarna adayan, bir dnem kaz
bakanl yapan Prof. Dr. Jale nann rencisi olmakla gurur duyduunu belirten, Perge ve
buradan karlan eserler hakknda birok kitab bulunan M. Edip zgrn olaanst anlatm
ile bir sreliine de olsa gemie sanal bir yolculuk yapma olana bulduk. Perge Tiyatrosunun
yllardr kapal olmas nedeniyle, bu gezi iin zel izinle atrlan tiyatroya giri, sanki zel bir
seremoniydi birok rehber iin Birlikte yenilen le yemeinden sonra Antalya Mzesine
doru yol aldk. Hocamzn tiyatro sahne binasn izimler ve heykeller zerinde anlatmas, Perge
Kaz Eserleri Salonlarnda heykellerin her bir kvrmlarnn farkllklar, Perge Heykel Ekolnn
vard nokta katlmclar daha da byledi.
ARO Eitim Gezileri

Demealt ve Karain Maaras...
2013 ylnn ilk Eitim Gezisi olarak planlanan Evdirhan, Karain Maaras, Krgzhan ve Demealt
blgesini kapsayan gezimiz gzel bir havada 05 Ocak 2013 tarihinde gerekletirildi. Geziye katlan
45 kii iinde basn mensuplarnn varl, organizasyonun sadece rehberler iin deil btn Antalya
iin neminin bir gstergesi idi. Rehber-Hoca olarak gezimize Giray Ercenk ve Mehmet Erdem
nderlik etmilerdir.
AROnun gezi organizasyonlarnda her trl destei veren

EPOS Golf Travel yetkililerine en iten teekkrlerimizi sunarz.
Haberler
AROya Yeni Ara

Yeni yasamz ile birlikte odamzn sorumluluk ve alma alan artt. htiyalar karlamak zere
yeni aracmz satn aldk. Aktif olarak denetimlerde kullanlacak olan aracmzn camiamza
hayrl olmas dilei ile...
ARO Syleileri Devam Ediyor...

08 Ocak 2013 tarihinde yemiz Rehber-Orman Yksek Mhendisi Sleyman Dingil tarafndan
Bitkilerimizin Tarih ve Mitolojileri konulu; 10 Ocak 2013 tarihinde ise yemiz Tarihi-Rehber
Harun TURHAN tarafndan sunulan Balkan Savalarnn 100. Yl Dnm balkl syleiler
youn ilgi grd.
Haberler
Basnda ARO
Basnda ARO
Haberler
ARO yesi Bayan Rehberler Toplants
Odamza ye bayan rehberler

ilk kez 10 Ocak 2013 tarihinde
ARO Cafede toplandlar.
Samimi bir ortamda gerekleen
organizasyonda, kek, brek, yaprak
sarmas, ksr ve daha birok ev
yapm yiyecekler ARO Cafenin
nefis ay, esiz kahvesi ile yenildi.
Meslektalarmz birbirlerini tanma
frsat bulurken, yeni fikirler ve
dostluklar da ortaya kt.
lk olarak sanal ortamda ARO
yesi Bayan Rehberler
Platformu alarak daha hzl
paylam ve duyuru olana
oluturuldu.
ARO Bakan Hasan Uysal ksa
sreliine katld bulumada, oda
olarak her zaman bu tr aktivitelere
lojistik destek vereceklerini, hatta
bu almalarn neticesinde bayan
rehberlerin ynetimlerde daha
aktif olmalar gerektiinin nemini
vurgulad.
ARO Etkinlikleri
yelerimize Ynelik Fotorafla Giri Eitimi...
18.01.2013 tarihinde balayp gn devam eden etkinliimize yaklak yirmi yemiz katld.
yelerimizden rehber Levent CAL tarafndan verilen eitim, makine ve lens seimi, basit
ekim ayarlar ile balayp manzara, portre, makro gibi deiik ekim tekniklerinin, daha
sonrasnda ise Kaleiinde uygulama ve photoshop tekniklerinin anlatm ile tamamland.
Katlmclardan tam not alan eitmenimiz Levent CALa biz de ARO ailesi olarak teekkr
ediyoruz.
Haberler
Likya Yry Yolu Eitim Gezisi
26-30 Ocak 2013 tarihleri arasnda

Fethiyeden balayarak antik Likya
Yolunun deiik etaplarn yryerek
Ulupnara dek gelen katlmclar,
programdan byk keyif aldklarn
belirttiler. Ankara, Kapadokya,
stanbul, Marmaris ve Kuadasndan
da programa katlan rehberler youn
tempodan dolay ok yoruldular.
te yandan akamlar birlikte vakit
geirip, sylenen arklar ve trklerle
yorgunluk atmasn da bildiler.
ARO Bakan Hasan UYSAL,
program dn karlad
katlmclara St. Paul Yry Yolu
ve Kapadokya Yry Yollar
Eitim Programlarnn da yaknda
aklanaca mjdesini verdi.

ARO Dergi Bulmaca

Not: Bu bulmacay doru zenler arasnda ekilecek kurada kazanan bir kiiye kitap armaan edilecektir.
Bulmacann zm nmzdeki sayda yaymlanacaktr.
Hazrlayan: Hikmet Uurlu, Rehber
Soldan Saa:

1. Trkiye Halknn lka Tarihi, Lidya, Frigya, Trakya, Trkiyedeki Tarihsel Adlar gibi yaptlar

retmi, 1936 doumlu hukuk profesr, aratrmac, yazar. - Altay Trklerinde deniz tanras.
2. Hababam Snfnn unutulmaz aycs nl tiyatrocumuz. - lkel bir silah.

3. Ankara yaknlarnda bir gl. - gen biiminde katlanarak yaplan bir brek.
4. Hindistanda ve Pakistanda iki komu akarsu arasnda kalan blgeye verilen ad. - ve

Siyah (Halit Ziya Uaklgilin bir roman. - Eski dilde yz, ehre. - ABD basketbol ligi.
5. Avrupada bir lke. - Kr yaam iinde ak ileyen ksa iir.

6. Rusada evet. - Kabaca bir seslenme nlemi. - kamet etmek.
7. Dolayl anlatm. - Satran oyununda zel bir hareket. - Myanmarda bir kent. - Yeni

anlamnda yabanc bir n ek.
8. Bir ey gsterilirken sylenen szck. - Vcutta grlen geveklik, arlk.

9. Antalya il merkezinin 40 km kuzeyinde Burdur karayoluna yakn bir vadide bulunan bir

antik kent. - Afyon yresinde nk anlamnda kullanlan bir sz.
10. Bir otomobil yar. - Eski dilde bo kafa. - Niyobyumun simgesi. - Uydumuz.
11. Hollandann plaka imi. - Hristiyan azizi. - Orhan Kemalin bir roman.
12. Selam verme. - Yunanca kartlk, dmanlk.
Yukardan Aaya:

1. Aa direkler zerine aklm talara sva vurularak yaplan duvar. - Urartularda da tanrs.
2. lkel benlik. - Deniz kuvvetlerinde bir rtbe.
3. Gemi barna. - Truva Savanda topuundan vurulan kahraman.
4. Kresel. - MS 751de Trk-Arap ordularyla in arasnda yaplan nl sava.
5. Beyindeki elektrik aktivitesini len bir testin ksa yazl. - Karl sonra denmek zere.
6. Hristiyanln k, Yaamn Trajik Duygusu gibi unutulmaz yaptlara imza atm, 1864
1936 yllar arasnda yaam spanyol yazar. - En ksa zaman.
7. Azerbaycann para birimi. - Bir kou tr.

8. Yemek. - Uluslararas alma rgt. - Mantk.
9. Osmanllar dneminde Romaya verilen ad. - ABDde bir eyalet. - Mslman lkelerde yaayan

Yunan asll kimse.
10. Yeile alan mavi renkte deerli bir ta. - Renyumun simgesi.
11. Kenar ss. - Karabudaygillerden byk yaprakl, beyaz iekli ok yllk otsu bir bitki.
12. Argoda kolay aldatlan kimse. - Belirti, iaret. - Tokatn bir ilesi.
13. Mzikte yar yava bir biimde almak anlamnda kullanlan bir szck. - inkonun simgesi.
14. Japon lirik dram. - Eskiehir yresinde kadn, hanm. - Bir eyin niteliklerini vme.
15. Oktay (nce Erkekler Bozuldunun unutulmaz yazar). - Talarla oynanan konkene benzer

bir oyun.

Mfettiler Yolda!
Malabadi
Kprsnde
Garip Bir Durum...
Malabadi Kprs kenarnda her grubun durup, ksa bir
foto molas verdii yer vardr.
23 gnlk bir dou gezisinin 6.
gnnde (23.05.2012 aramba) saat 15:10 civarnda buraya
grubumla geldim. Grup otobsten
iniyordu ki yanmza 20-25 yalarnda
bir gen geldi. Burada durmann yasak
olduunu, duracaksak da 60 TL para demek zorunda olduumuzu syledi.
Yerel belediyenin park uygulamas balam herhalde dncesiyle, hangi belediye bunu
balatt, makbuzu greyim demeye kalmadan Siz snr
getiniz, buras bizim snrlarmz ierisinde cmleleriyle konumann rengini ve seyrini deitirerek ii iyice siyasi propagandaya
dntrmeye alt. Baktm grupta huzursuzlanmalar balad, ben
de grubuma tekrar otobse binmelerini rica ettim ve fotoraf molas
vermeden yola devam ettik.
sterim ki lkemizin her bir kesini zgrce, sorunsuz bir ekilde gruplarmzla gezip anlatabilelim.
Burhan SAIR, Rehber, retim Grevlisi
Ltfen evremize Biraz Daha Duyarl Olalm...

05.01.2013 tarihinde ARO Eitim Gezileri kapsamnda yaptmz Krkgz
Han ve Krk Gz Pnar ziyaretlerinde o gzelim su kaynaklarnn nasl kirletildiine gzlerimizle tank olduk. Durumu o an ektiimiz fotoraftan daha
iyi anlatacak szck bulamadk. Mahalli idarenin bir an evvel ie el atp,
gerekli dzenlemeyi yaparak temizlii salamas nem arz etmektedir.

Aro 11

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Aro 11

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3 AYDA BiR YAYIMLANIR

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY, YEAR: 3, ISSUE NO: 11, JANUARY - MARCH 2013

OCAK / MART 2013

CHAMBER of ANTALYA TOUR GUIDES QUARTERLY

ARSNOE Antik Kenti ve Softa Kalesi

KAPADOKYAnn TARH NCES

Mziin Ritmi: DARBUKA

Trakyal Hemehrimiz: ORPHEUS

AZANO: Zeusun Torunu Azann ehri, 2. Blm

Dubai: The Shining Star of

Yeni Yl, Yeni Bakan

New Year, New Minister

TOUR GUIDES QUARTERLY

MTYAZ SAHB / Concessionaire

Hasan UYSAL - hasanuysal@aro.org.tr

ARSNOE Antik Kenti

The Ancient City of ARSINOE and Softa Castle

The Prehistory of CAPPADOCIA

The Rhythm of Music: GOBLET DRUM

Our Thracian Countryman: ORPHEUS

AIZANOI: The City of Azan, The Grandson of

IV. Blm / Part IV

DUBAI: The Shining Star of Middle East...

Merhaba Sevgili Okurlar,

Hello Dear Readers,

Kilikyada Gizli Kalm Bir ehir:

Hamam olarak anlan yap sizleri

Kk lekteki yapnn inasnda

havuzu kalmtr. Yapnn dier

Fotoraf: Bilhan Suba

6>7 ANTALYA REHBERLER ODASI DERGS

A Hidden City in Cilicia:

sonralar blgeye hkim olan Seluklular ve Karamanoullarnn

Fotoraf: Bilhan Suba

Tubuli olarak da geen bu

Tubuli, duvara st ste (paralel

malzemesine bakarak ilk yapl

8>9 ANTALYA REHBERLER ODASI DERGS

Denize doru uzanan bu

Fotoraf: Bilhan Suba

used in the construction of this

Frigidarium, has been completely

heating in Roman baths.

This term, which is also referred to as tubulin, refers to

maviliklerini, yeilliklerini izlerken

Fotoraf: Bilhan Suba

Fotoraf: Bilhan Suba

Dou ve bat limanlar bulunan

i, ruhlarn dinlendirebilecei bir

hkim bir tepe zerinde, Arsinoe kalntlar bulunmaktadr. Bu

10>11 ANTALYA REHBERLER ODASI DERGS

Kente kuzeybat taraftan girdiinizde patika yolu takip ederseniz

Zengin iecek eitleri,

ilerlediinizde, hemen aada

Fotoraf: Bilhan Suba

Toslak koyunu fotoraflayp, kilise

Bu kentin program ierisine

Fotoraf: Bilhan Suba

ksmen st rtleri mozaiklerle

12>13 ANTALYA REHBERLER ODASI DERGS

Henz yeterince kefedilememi

behind and move on for about

This city stretching into