BapJw

tcmK ]ehn[amWv, ]IXpw ]Icmhbpw, kpJamhbpw, kpJamImhbpw

Cs\. Ahbn HmWv P\t\{nbs _m[n A_m[. hnIkzc cmPyfn Ch ]S ]
nSnXpw , kv{XoIfn henb tXmXn Poh\min\v ImcWamXpamWv.
icnbmbn NnInnnsn P\t\{nb A_m[I h\v[yX, K`mibn\v ]pdp
K`[mcWw, Fv. sF. hn bpsS IqSqXembp {]kcWw XpSn lm\nIcamb A\
c^efntev \bn. CXv tZmjIcambn K`[mcWns ]cnWX^esbpw _m[n .
kv{XobpsS P\t\{nb h}lns LS\bpw imkv{Xhpw
kwt`mKw, {]X|mZ\w, {`qWns hf, hnImkw AhbpsS _mlytemI{]thiw
Fnhbpambn _s AhbhfmWv kv{XoIfpsS P\t\{nb Ahbh Ahsb s]mXpsh
_mly P\t\{nb
BcnI P\t\{nb
{]X|mZ\s kw_n Ahbh
Fns\ XcwXncnw
_mly P\t\{nb

ImWm km[n _mly P\t\{nb AhbhfmWv FXn DsSpXv. Chbn

DsncnXv Kply{]tZiw, tbm\nZf, I\ymNw, `Kiniv\nI , shv_},
aq{XZzmcw, _tXmen {KnI , tbm\n Zzmcw, XpSnbhbmWv
tbm\nZf
tbm\n Zzmcns Chifnepambn ImWsSp cv Iqw aSIfmWv Ch. CXv
`Kiniv\npw tbm\nZzmcnw, aq{XZzmcnw kwcWw \
`Kiniv\nI
aq{XZzmcn apIfn tbm\nZf IqSnt es sNdnb hnep amwkfamb
`mKw ssewKnI DtP\nt tI{_np.
aq{XZzmcw
`Kiniv\nIv ]ndInep `mKw
I\ymNw
tbm\nZzmcns `mKnIambnaqSp t\ ]mS

 tbm\nZzmcw
aeZzcnsbpw aq{XZzmcnsbpw CSv nXnsNp Bhcnsbpw {]khm\
cw ns ]pdt hgnbpamWnXv. kwt`mKkabv ]pj ssewKnI Ahbhns
{]thi\w kmyam
_tXmen {KnI
tbm\nZzmcns GsXnepsam hiv ImWsSp cv sNdnb {KnI. tbm\n
ZfmfpsS ]pdInembn ImWsSp. tbm\nZzmcs hgphgppXmn amp {kh
DmZnn

BcnI P\t\{nb Ahbh

tbm\n, K`mibw, Ahmln\n gepI, Amib, K`mibKfw Fnhbm AcnI

P\t\{nb Ahbhfn DsSncnXv
tbm\n
tbm\nZzmcw apX K`mibKfw hsc \opInS {]khkabv p ISs]m hgn.
Bz cw ]pdtv Hgphgn. kwt`mKw \S ew. kwt`mKns kabpw,
{]khns kabpw hnIknm Ignbp ssewKnI DtPI kabv hgphgppm
tbm\n{khw
km[mcW \nebn tbm\n{khw shfpXpw, aWanmXpamWv. Bh N{Ins
hnhn[v Ln CXns Afhv hyXymksSp. K`mhbn CXns Afhv
IqSpXembnImWsSp.
K`mibw
hkvXn{]tZiv nXnsNp ]nb ]gns BIrXnbpv amwkfamb Ahbhw.
buh\mcw`n Bcw`n, Fmamkhpw Bhns kabv ]mfnI
s]mgnpt]m.A`mhbn v CXnn hf.
K`mibKfw
K`]m{Xns CSpnb Iogv`mKw. tbm\nbpsS apI`mKtv Xn \nev.
Ahmln\n gepI

K`]m{Xns apIfn\nv DZv`hn cv g t]msebp `mKw. Amibn \nw

A K`mibntev t]m hgn. _oPkwtbmKw \S ew.
Amib
ZoLhrmIrXnbnepv `mKw. Afpw Cukvt{SmP, s]mPkvtSm Fo
tlmtamIfpw DXv]mZnn.
{]X|pmZ\]camb BtcmKymh
{]X|pmZ\]camb kq {]{IobIfnepw, LS\Ifnepw tcmKfpsS A`mhn
kqamb imcocnI am\knI kmaqlnItamh \ne\npIbmWv {]X|
mZ\]camb BtcmKymh.
Xmsg ]dbph Dsmp.

kpcnXhpw kwXr]vXhpamb ssewKnI PohnXw

{]X|mZ\ tijn
inipkwcWn hnPbIcamb \nlIW tijn
{]X|mZ\ \nb{W kzmX{yw
Spw_mkq{XW amtfbpw D]m[nItfbpw dnv kpcnXhpw
km[yhpamb coXnbnep Adnhv.
kvss{XW tcmK\nb{Wtijn

P\t\{nb A_m[I
Aw
kv{Xo P\t\{nbh}lns `mKamb P\t\{nb Ahbhsf _m[n A_m[IfmWv P\t\
{nb A_m[I. kv{XoIfn P\t\{nb A_m[I apIfnep P\t\{nb Ahbhtfbpw
(Ahmln\n gepI, Amibw, K`mibw) Xmsgbp P\t\{nb Ahbhtfbpw
(tbm\n, K`mibKfw, _mlyP\t\{nb Ahbh) _m[n.
kv{Xo P\t\{nbh}ls _m[n s]mXpshbp P\t\{nb A_m[I

apIfnep P\t\{nbsf _m[n A_m[I

K`mib ]mfnbpsS A_m[
Ahmln\n gense A_m[
hkvXn{]tZipm A_m[
Xsgbp P\t\{nbsf _m[n A_m[
hhbpsS A_m[
tbm\nbpsS A_m[
K`mibKfns A_m[

P\s\{nb A_m[bpsS A]ISkm[yXI

t]mjImlmcdhv, Dddhv, am\knI kwLj Fnh aqeapmv

s]mXphmb BtcmKyI.
tamiamb P\s\{nb ipNnXzw
1. hrnbnmv ASnhkv{Xv

2. ]mUpI bYmkabw amm IgnbmXncnI, timN\mcw ]n`mKp\nv

ap`mKtv hrnbmXv
NneXcw tkmpI, hmk\ssXe, kpKhkvXp XpSn arZphmb Nn\v
AkzX DmhbpsS D]tbmKw
Nnebn\w aI tbm\nkwcWn\v Ignbp Asf
\inn.
tcmK_m[nX hynbpambp ssewKnI_w, apdnhv, (DZm: {]khw,
ssewKnI_vw, cmk]ZmfpsS D]tbmKw
Fnhbn \nv)

ipNnXzanmsXbp {]khw, IqsSIqsSbp K`On{Zw A_m[nXamb

K`mibn CSp K`\ntcm[\ D]IcWw

P\t\{nb A_m[bpsS s]mXphmb eW

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

hrW
ZpKw han IqSnb Afhnep tbm\n{khw
aq{Xw Hgntmgp ]pIn
\m`n{]tZis \ohow
ASnhbn thZ\, \SpthZ\
]\n, fn
Bhm {IatSv
hhbnse sNmdnnepw, ]pInepw
kwt`mK kabpm thZ\

{]Xntcm[ am
hyn]camb ipNnXzw ]menI
arZphmb tkmv D]tbmKnv \ntXy\ ipNnbmI
P\t\{nb`mKw \mbn CuansX kqnI
]uU, s]mSn, kpK hkvp, kvt{] Ch HgnhmI
\bn Cdpn InS hkv{Xv hmbp kmcs dpXpaqehpw,
sXmenbpabpm Dck aqehpw AkzXbpm.
tIm ASnhkv{X [cnI. knevv, ss\tem sImpm ASnhkv{X
HgnhmI. ImcWw Cu k[\ Cuw hensSpmhbpw, hmbp kmcs

XSbpXpamWv. CXv P\t\{nbs hnbn. As\ AkzXbpw A_m[bpapm Asf kzoIcn H Npp]mSv Dm
ssewKnI_w aqew ]I A_m[Isf ssewKnI _w HgnhmXneqsStbm,
Asn kpcnXamb ssewKnI ioe ]menXv hgntbm XvSbmw

kpcnX ssewKnI _w
tcmK_m[nXcm CuWI, ]ckv]cw hnizkvX]peph Xn _w
hnizkvX ZXnI am{Xw imcocnI _w
ssewKnI _w Npw t]ambn am{Xw
K`\ntcm[\ Dd D]tbmKnp ssewKnI_w .
ssewKnI tcmKeWap Ccbpambn ssewKnI_w HgnhmI

s]mXp BtcmKy]cn]me\w
t]mjnXhpw, kzmyhpamb icocw A_m[sb {]Xntcmss[
cm{Xnbn 6 apX 8 aWo hsc DdpI
\ ku{lnZ_ \ne\npI.

FpsImmWv kv{XoIv P\t\{nb A_m[bpsS k[yX IqSpX

Pohimkv{X]camb hyXnbm\w
tbm\nbpsS t\]mfn
henb Zriyam `mKw
P\t\{nb {khfpambp ZoLt\cs kw
bphXnIfnse A]Izamb P\t\{nbw
tlmtam K`\ntcm[\ amfpsS
kv{XoIfnepw , ]pjmcnepap hyXykvXamb kmaqlnI kwkvImcnIamb
s]am

P\t\{nb A_m[bpsS {]XymLmX

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

hkvXn{]tZis A_m[
hyX
K`mibn ]pcpm K`[mcWw
s]s K`On{Zw
Nm]n
Xqdhp p
A_m[ Dhm IqSpX km[yX
K`mibKf B_pZw
amcIamb CSpv thZ\

XncsSp P\t\{nb A_m[I

1. hhbpsS A_m[
kv{XobpsS_mlyP\t\{nbs _[n \ohoamWv. Cu A_m[bn DsSpXv
tbm\n Zf, `Kiniv\nI, aq{XZzmcw, tbm\n Zzmcw FnhbmWv.
ImcW
hhbpsS AWq_m[v ImcWam H ]mSv AhIfn DsSph:

AePnI tkmpI, \ndmap tSmbvev ISmemkpI,

tbm\nbnep]tbmKn kvt{]I, UnPpI
DjvWw, Cuw , ipNnXzanbva

sXmenpdta Dm A_m[I
A_m[I ^wKkv, _mocnb aqeapm A_m[I, Xmc

hhpm A_m[ F {]mbnep kv{XoIsfbpw _m[n

Cu Ah d Cukvt{SmPs Afhp aqeamWv, sNdpmdnIfnepw Bh
hncmasanb kv{XoIfnepw ImXv
eW
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

]pIn Asn sNmdnn

hhbnepm hrW
Nphv \ndhpw, \ow
aq{Xsamgntm thZ\
tXmSptm thZ\

NnIn

ipNnXzw
hn{iaw
thZ\kwlmcnI
apdnhpmn {khw ]pdpIfbpI
Cu AWq_m[ ssewKnI_neqsS ]I HmbXptImmWv eW Hw Csn
IqSn]mfnbpw NnIn tXtSXmWv.
Cu NnIn ^e{]Zambnsntem, sXmenbn sNXpepI Dsntem,
nsbSpp ]cntim[\ AhiyamWv
{]Xntcm[ am

hyn]camb ipNnXzw ]menI

arZphmb tkmp]tbmKnv \ntXy\ ipNnbmI.
P\t\{nb`mKw \mbn CuanmsX kqnI
]uU, s]mSn, kpK hkvXp, kvt{] Ch HgnhmI
\mbn Cdpn InS hkv{Xv hmbp kmcs dpXpaqehpw,
sXmenbpabpm Dck aqehpw AkzXbpm.
tIm ASnhkv{X [cnI. knevv, ss\tem sImpm ASnhkv{X
HgnhmI. ImcWw Cu k[\ Cuw hensSpmhbpw, hmbp kmcs
XSbpXpamWv. CXv P\t\{nbs hnbn. As\ AkzXbpw A_m[bpapm Asf kzoIcn H Npp]mSv Dm
ssewKnI_w aqew ]I A_m[Isf ssewKnI _w HgnhmXneqsStbm,
Asn kpcnXamb ssewKnI ioe ]menXv hgntbm XSbmw.

{]XymLmX
hh Npp Ah
P\t\{nbnse H Xcw how
hyX
2. tbm\nbpsS A_m[
tbm\n `nn \ohow
tbm\nbn {KnI Hw C. buh\mcw`n ap]pw, Bh hncman tijhpw
Cukvt{SmPs A`mhw sImv tbm\n hfsc t\Xm Cu {]mbn \ohow DmIm km[yX IqSpXemWv.
ImcW

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

AkzXbpm cmk]Zm AePnI, UnPpI, Nne km\ndn

\m]vInI.
d Cukvt{SmP tlmtamWns Afhv, t\ tbm\n ]mfnI
_mocnbm A_m[
A_m[bp ]mfnbpambp kpcnXam ssewKnI _w
^npe
K`minenSp K`\ntcm[\ amw
Hn IqSpX ssewKnI ]mfnI
bov A_m[ An_tbmnI, A\nb{nXamb {]taKw,
dtcmK{]Xntcm[ tijn, DdmanmbvAkpJ , K`\ntcm[ KpfnI
icnbm `W{iaw XpSnbh A]IS km[yX p

eW

ZpKap tbm\n{khw
thZ\tbmSpIqSnb ssewKnI_w
aq{Xsamgntm thZ\bpw, CSnsS aq{Xw t]mv
hbdpthZ\
AanX c{kmhw
sNmdnnepw, AkzXbpw
]\n, 38.8 Un{Kn. sk jykv

NnIn
Cukvt{SmP NnIn
]pdsabp hkvXpfpsS kmnyw Dsn AXv At_m[mhbn \ow sNpI

 \o hon\v FXnscbp aI
K`\ntcm[\ KpfnI IvgnXv \npI
`mhv H \nihmlI BbXpsImv NnIn `mcypw,`hnw Htc kabpXs
\evIWw. `mhnw Htc kabpXs \ IWw. `mhn\v NnIn
e`yambnsn `mcyv hopw A_m[ Dmw.
{]Xntcm[ am
\ ipNnXzw P\t\{nbw ipNnbmbn kqn. hocyw d tkmv
D]tbmKnI
AkzXbpm hkvXp ASnbkvt{]I, tkmpI, ssk{XW Dev Fnh
HgnhmIv
Xmsg \nv tbm\n`mKtv IgpXv HgnhmI.
Ab hkv{X [cnI
kpcnX ssewKnI _w
{]XymLmX

hkvXn{]tZiv Dm A_m[
hyX
t\csbp {]khw
ssewKnI A_m[

K`mib Kfns A_m[

K`mib Kfnm \ohow K`mibKfw A_m[bn, K`mibapJw \oh
hoIbpw sXmSptmgpw A\ptmgpw thZ\bpmhpIbpw K`mib\mneqsS
Inbp{khw ]pdt hIbpw sNp
ImcW

{]khns kabtm, K`On{Zns kabtm Dm A_m[, apdnhv hnepI

K`mibnenSp K`\ntcm[\ amw
K`mibKfns bw
_mocnbI

NnIn
Bn_tbmnI(AWq_[sXncmb aI)
ikv{X{Inb
K`mibw \ow sN

{]Xntcm[ am

 ssewKnI _ \nb{nI. ]mfnbpsS ssewKnI ]mew AdnbpI. K`\ntcm[\

DdI ]XnhmI.
K`mibapJntev ]SXn ap]v tbm\nbnse A_m[I NnInssI
eW Csnepw ssewKnIambn BsWnv ncambn icoc]cntim[\w ]
m]vsSnw hnt[bamI
]mfnsb \nccambn ssewKnI A_m[bpmsbv ]cntim[nI
cmk]Zm ASvnb Smw ]qItfm kvt{]Itfm HgnhmI
{]XymLmX
1.
2.
3.
4.

K`mibKf A_pZw
K`mibKf {ZhoIcWw
hkvXn{]tZis A_m[
hyX

BcnI K`mib]mfnbpsS A_m[

K`mibns AIs ]mfnm \ohohpw Akz\bpamWv AcnI K`ib]mfn \o
h hop
ImcW

]pdsa \n hkvXp K`mibnn \nt]nI

K`mibns amcIamb AkpJ
{]khntijw hkvXp K`]m{Xn CcnI
tImnbpsS CSvnsS \nt]nXv

eW

hb Iw\w, \ocv
Akm[mcWamb tbm\o c{kmhw
Akm[mcWamb tbm\n{khw
ae_w
]\n(100-104 f)
imcocnI AkzX, oWw
hbdns Xmsg `mKv thZ\

NnIn

Bhiyamb hn{iaw
\ t]mjI karamb Blmcw
thZ\kwlmcnI
K`mibw hnIknnv NpcnsbSpI
Cukvt{SmP NnIn
An_tbmnI

{]Xntcm[ am
P\t\{nb `mKw ipNnbmbn kqnI
hrnbp XpWntbm, ]mtUm D]tbmKnI
kpcnXamb ssewKnI coXn
CSnsS K`mibnenSp K`\ntcm[\ D]IcWw icnbmb m\mtWm Fv ]
cntim[nI
A\mhiyamb K`On{Zw HgnhmI

{]XymLX
s]s K`mibns s]m
K`mibn ]gpv sInnSI
hyX

D]kwlmcw
P\t\{nb A_m[I kv{XoIfpsS CSbn hym]Iamb H BtcmKy {]iv\ambn
Xop.
tamiamb
hynipNnXzw,
]cqjamb
PohnX
Npp]mSv,
{Kma{]tZifnse
e`yam
NnInmkuIcy
XpSnbh
{KmaoW
kv{XoIfn P\t\{nb A_m[IfpsS B[nIyw Iqp. kv{XoIfn P\t\{nb
A_m[sb dnNp Adnhv sImSpXneqsS kv{XoIfpsS P\t\{nb
A_m[ dm km[n

eLpteJ

XncsSp P\t\{nb
A_m[I