DIGITAL

ELECTRONICS
FUNDAMENTAL

LECTURER NAME : MISS NORHATINI

GROUP NAME :
AHMAD MUSTAQIM SYAHMIE BIN KAMARUDDIN
MUHAMMAD RAIMI BIN ROZAINOR

AND GATE
INTRODUCTION:
An AND GATE consists of two inputs (known as A and B) and
one output (known as X)
An AND GATE acts like two switches A and B in series.
Only when both switches A and B are closed the bulb X will be
turned on.
Also known as All or Nothing gate

AND gate circuit using switches

A
B
AND gate symbol

AND gate will only produce output high (1) when all the input are high (1), else the output
are low (0). Table below shows the truth table of AND gate with two input A and B, and
Output X.
A (input)

B (input)

X (output)

0 (low)

0 (low)

0 (low)

0 (low)

1 (high)

0 (low)

1 (high)

0 (low)

0 (low)

1 (high)

1 (high)

1 (high)

TRUTH TABLE for AND gate

Timing diagram in figure below shows the output waveform of a AND gate X, when input waveform A and B are
applied.

Waveform response for two inputs AND Gate

Two input AND gate with input A and B and output X can be expressed in Boolean expression below:
X=A.B
The dot indicates an AND operation and its also inherits the properties of a normal multiply operation. If any of the
input is low (0), output will also become low (0) because any other input multiply with 0 is equal to 0.

APPLICATION OF AND GATE

IN ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY
AND gate switch can be used in FIRE EXTINGUISHER CONTROL SYSTEM.

INPUT

OUTPUT

SMOKE SENSOR

HEAT SENSOR

FIRE EXTINGUISHER

TRUTH TABLE for fire extinguisher control system

CONCLUSION
In summary, illustrates the four
commonly used methods of
describing the ANDing of inputs A
and B.
All these methods are widely used
and must be learned by person
working in the electronics industry.
Four ways to express AND gate

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