POWER TRANSFORMER

1 Insulation Resistance Measurement

Procedure
a. For LT systems, use only 500V or 1000V Megger.
b. For MV & HV systems, use 2500V or 5000V Megger.
c. Remove Earth from Transformer neutral.
d. Measure as per table below.

1
N

2
N

Circuit

1W

2
W

1
V

2
V

1U - E
2U - E
1U - 2U

1
U

2
U

Megger Used
MV & HV
5kV
5kV
5kV

2 Winding Resistance Measurement

WINDING RESISTANCE METER

I
I1

I
P1

I
P2

I
I2

Circuit
1U-1N
1V-1N
1W-1N
2U-2N
2V-2N
2W-2N

1
U

2
U

1
V

2
V

1W

1
N

2
W

2
N

Tap No Resistance
All Taps

2
U

2
V

2
W

2
N

3 Magnetic Current Test

415 V AC

mA

1
N

2
N

1W

2
W

mA

1
V

2
V

mA

1
U

2
U

mA

Applied Voltage
1U-1V
1V-1W
1W-1U
1U-1N, 1V-1N,1W-1N

Measured Current
1U
1V
1W
1N

1
N

2
N

1W

2
W

1
V

2
V

1
U

2
U

Applied Voltage
Measured Voltage
1U1N 1V1N 1W1N 1U1N 1V1N 1W1N 2U2N
415
415
415
Applied Voltage
Measured Voltage
1U1V 1V1W 1W1U 1U1V 1V1W 1W1U 2U2V
415
415
415
-

2V2N

2W2N

2V2W

2W2U

Measured voltage

415 V AC

4 Magnetic Balance Test

5 Vector Group Confirmation.

Dyn1

1U

1U

2U

2n

2W
2U

2V

2W
2V

1
W
Conditions:
1 -1U and 2u should be shorted.
2 -Apply 415V to 1U,1V&1W
3 -Satisfy the following conditions.
1U1W = 1U2n + 1W2n
1W2w = 1W2V
1V2v < 1V2w

1V

1
W

1V

Dyn11
1U

1U

2U
2n

2U

2V
2W
2V

2W

1
W

1V
3 -Satisfy the following conditions.
1U1V = 1U2n + 1V2n
1V2w = 1V2v
1W2w < 1W2v

1
W

1V

5 Vector Group Confirmation.

1U

Ynd1

2U

1U
2W
2V
2U
2W

1N
2V

1
W

1
W

1V

1V

3 -Satisfy the following conditions.

1U1N = 1U2v + 2v1N
1W2v = 1V2v
1V2v < 1V2w

YNyn0

1U

1U

2U
2n
2V

2W
2U
1N2n
2W

1
W

1N
2V

1V
3 -Satisfy the following conditions.
1W2w = 1V2v
1W2n = 1V2n
1U1N = 1U2n + 1N2n

6 Short Circuit Test and Differential Stability.

7 REF Stability Test

1
W

1V

8 Cooler Circuits
9 Temperature Indicators Calibration
10 Auxilliary Protection Circuits

6 Short Circuit Test and Differential Stability.

Stable Condition.

Apply 3-Ph AC Voltage

Diff Relay
P1

S1

300/1 A
S2

S1

S2

P2

S1

S2

B-Ph
Id
Y-Ph
Id
R-Ph
Id
P1

S1

500/1 A
S1

S1

S2

S2

S2

P2

Temporary Short

Example:
Short Circuit Current Calculation.
Rating : 100MVA
HV
Voltage
220 kV
Current
262.43 A
% of Impedance (%Z) = 8.05%

LV
132kV
437.40 A

HV MVA = LV MVA = 100MVA

3 x 220000 x I1 = 3 x 123000 x I2 = 100,000,000
3 x 220000 x I1 = 100,000,000
I1 = 100,000,000 / (3 x 220000)
I1 = 262.43A
3 x 123000 x I2 = 100,000,000
I2 = 100,000,000 / (3 x 132000)
I2 = 437.40A
%Zv = 8.05%
= 220kV x % of impedance
= 220000 x (8.05/100)
%Zv = 17,710 V
If We may apply 415 V to HV side
HV I primary = (415 x 262.43) / 17710
HV I primary = 6.15 A
HV sec = 6.15 / 300
HV sec = 0.0205A
LV I primary = (415 x 437.4) / 17710
LV I primary = 10.25 A
LV sec = 10.25 / 500
LV sec = 0.0205 A

Unstable Condition
Apply 3-Ph AC Voltage
S1

S2

S1

S2

S1

S2

Id

Id

Id
S1

S1

S1

S2

S2

S2

Temporary Short

7 REF Stability Test

i)

Stable Condition.

Apply 3-Ph AC

P1

S1

Fault

S1

S1

HV REF

P2

S2

S2

S2

S2

S1

P2

P1

P2

P1

n
S2

P1

S1

S1

S1

S1

LV REF

P2

S2

S2

SHORT

S2

ii)

Unstable Condition (Type 1)

Apply 3-Ph AC

S1

S1

S1

HV REF

S2

S1

S2

S1

S2

S2

S1

S2

S1

S1

LV REF

S2

S2

SHORT

S2

iii) Unstable Condition (Type 2)

S1

S1

S1

HV REF

S2

S2

S2

LOADING
TRANSFORMER

S1

S1

S2

S1

S2

S1

LOADING
TRANSFORMER

S1

LV REF

S2

S2

S2