Chapter 12: Magnetic circuits

Magnetomotive Force
The driving force that causes a magnetic field
Symbol, F
Definition, F = NI
Units, Ampere-turns, (A-t)

Flux,
Total number of lines

 Magnetic Field Intensity/ Magnetizing force/ magnetic field strength

It is the magnetomotive force per unit length at any given point.
Symbol, H

H = F/l = NI/l

Definition,
Units, (A-t/m)
Flux Density

The concentration of the lines of force in a magnetic circuit (Number of

lines per unit area)
Symbol, B
Definition, B = /A
Units, (Wb/m2), or T (Tesla)

 Reluctance
The measure of opposition the magnetic circuit offers to the flux
The analog of Resistance in an electrical circuit
Symbol, R
Definition, R = F/
Units, (A-t/Wb)
Permeability
Measure for establishing flux in a material. Relates flux density and
field intensity ()
Permeability of free space (air) - 0
Symbol,
Definition, = B/H
Units, (Wb/A-t-m)

0 = 4x10-7 Wb/A-t-m

 Relative Permeability
Compares permeability of material with the permeability of free space (air)
Symbol, r
r = /0

Dimensionless

B-H Curves
B-H Curves for Sheet steel, Cast steel, and Cast
Iron

Principal Sections of a B-H Curve

Analogy Between Magnetic and Electric

Circuits
F = MMF is analogous to Electromotive force (EMF) = E

= Flux is analogous to I = Current

= Reluctance is analogous to R = Resistance

= Permeance

= Analogous to conductance G

Amperes Circuital Law

Algebraic sum of mmfs around a closed loop in a magnetic circuit
= 0
Similar to KVL
Since = NI, NI = H
N1I1 + N2I2 = Hironiron + Hsteelsteel + Hgg
Series Magnetic Circuits
Solve a circuit where is known
First compute B using /A
Determine H for each magnetic section from B-H curves
Compute NI using Amperes circuital law
Use computed NI to determine coil current or turns as required

Series-Parallel Magnetic Circuits

Use Amperes Law

Find B and H for each section
Calculate the required entity

Home Work