2011-2012

Crane Runway Girder

Dr. Ibrahim Fahdah
Damascus University

https://sites.google.com/site/ifahdah/home/lectures

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Components of Crane system

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The Crane Runway Girder and the

Structure
Issue1: Vertical Load Transformation
The support method of the crane
runway girder depends on the
magnitude of the reactions being
transmitted. Some typical
arrangements ranging from the lightest
to the heaviest are shown

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The Crane Runway Girder and the

Structure
Issue2: Free Rotation at the Supports
Free rotation at the supports of crane
runway girders is important in order to
prevent bending and torsional moments
in the columns.

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The Crane Runway Girder and the

Structure
Issue3: Transverse Load Transformation
Figure (b) illustrates the reversible strain
to which the girder web is subjected - an
action leading to the result shown in
Figure (c)

Dangerous details for lateral

forces

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The Crane Runway Girder and the

Structure
Issue3 could easily be prevented by
simply connecting the top flange directly
to the column, as shown. The top flange
acts as a horizontal beam delivering its
reaction to the column.

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Typical Section of Crane Girders

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Rail Fastenings

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Design Procedure (BS5950 Code)

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Classification of Cranes

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Step1: Calculate the maximum vertical

Loads
The weight of the trolley (carriage) + Lifted
Load (Rh)
The weight of the crane bridge (Rs)
The self weight of the crane girder & Rails (Rg)
Note: The load to the crane girder will be maximum
when trolley wheels are closest to the girder.

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Step1: Calculate the maximum vertical

Loads (cont.)

For Warehouse or workshop F=1.3 => the load combinations below

Conservatively we can simplify the calculation , a factor of 1.3 can be applied

simultaneously to both the lifted load and to the self-weight of the crane.

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Step1: Calculate the maximum vertical

Loads (cont.)

So the maximum unfactored static point load per wheel, assuming there are
two wheels on each side, is:
Rw=1.3*0.5*(Rs/2+Rh*(Lc-ah)/Lc)

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Step2: Calculate the Horizontal Loads

Plan View

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Step2: Calculate the Horizontal Loads

Inertia forces produced by the motion drives
or brakes. Referred to as the surge load.
(clause 3.1.5.1 of BS 2573-1:1983[4]).
Skew loads due to travelling referred to as the
crabbing force. (clause 3.1.5.2, BS 2573: Part
1:1983 [4])

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Step2: Calculate the Horizontal Loads

Transverse Surge load is taken as 10% of the combined
weight of the crab and the lifted load.
Longitudinal Surge load of 5% of the static vertical
reactions. (i.e. from the weight of the crab, crane
bridge and lifted load).

Crabbing forces are obtained from clause 4.11.2 (BS

5950-1:2000). If the crane is class Q1 or Q2, then the
crabbing forces would not need to be considered.
Note : Horizontal loads need not to be combined together.

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Step3: Load Combinations

Wv
FR

Wh1

Rail

Wheel
Wh2

Load combination according to BS 5950-1:2000 (Table 2) are:

LC1 =1.4 DL + 1.6 Wv
LC2 =1.4 DL + 1.6 (Wh1 or Wh2 or FR)
LC3 =1.4 DL + 1.4 Wv + 1.4 (Wh1 or Wh2 or FR)

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Step4: Design Checks

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Major axis bending

Lateral-torsional buckling
Horizontal moment capacity
Consider combined vertical and horizontal
moments
Web shear at supports
Local compression under wheels
Web bearing and buckling under the wheel
Deflection

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Major Axis Bending

For plastic section:
Note : Sx is for the whole section

BS 5950-1-2000
4.2.5

Check limit to avoid irreversible deformation under serviceability

loads.
BS 5950-1-2000
4.2.5.1

Note: for section classification of compound I- or H-sections, see BS

5950-1-2000 : 3.5.3 & Table 11.
Note: Moment capacity should be reduced in case of high shear
according to BS 5950-1-2000 : 4.2.5.3

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Lateral-Torsional Buckling
Check gantry girder as an unrestrained member for vertical loads.
Due to interaction between crane wheels and crane rails, crane
loads need not be treated as destabilizing, assuming that the rails
are not mounted on resilient pads.
No account should be taken of the effect of moment gradient i.e.
mLT (lateral-torsional buckling factor) should be taken as 1.0.

BS 5950-2000
4.11.3

BS 5950-2000
4.11.3
BS 5950-2000
4.3.6.3 ,4.3.6.2, and
4.3.6.4

Pb is the bending strength and is dependent on the design strength

py and the equivalent slenderness LT.
BS 5950-2000
4.3.6.7(a)

For compound section (Rolled section + plate ), use I and H with

unequal flanges to calculate LT.

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Horizontal Moment Capacity

Horizontal loads are assumed to be carried by the top flange plate only.

Moment capacity of the top flange plate, Mc,plate is equal to the

lesser of 1.2py Zplate and py*Splate.

BS 5950-1-2000
4.2.5

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Consider Combined Vertical and

Horizontal
Moments
1-Section Capacity:
BS 5950-1-2000
4.8.3.2

2-Buckling Capacity: simplified method

BS 5950-1-2000
4.8.3.3.1

For simplicity take maximum M x and M y (rather than coexistent M x

and M y) and assume that the minor axis loads are carried by the plate
only.
M LT is the maximum major axis moment in the segment.
Note : mx, my factors can be taken as 1.0 for simplicity.

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Web Shear at Supports

BS 5950-1-2000
4.8.3

Note: It is ok to assume that the sear is resisted by the UB section =>

Av = tD (for rolled I-sections, load parallel to web)

BS 5950-1-2000
4.8.3 (a)

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Local Compression under Wheels

The local compressive stress in the web due to a crane wheel load
may be obtained by distributing it over
a length xR given by:

45

HR
Tplate
Tflange

2(HR+T)
The stress (fw) obtained by dispersing the wheel load over the length
xR should not be greater than py for the web.

BS 5950-1-2000
4.11.1

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Web bearing and buckling under the

wheel/supports

Bearing capacity of web for unstiffened web

BS 5950-1-2000
4.5.2.1

Buckling resistance of the unstiffened web

BS 5950-1-2000
4.5.31.

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Deflections
Vertical deflection due to static vertical wheel loads from overhead
travelling cranes

Horizontal deflection (calculated on the top flange properties

alone) due to horizontal crane loads

Note : The deflection of crane beams can be important and the exact
calculations can be complex with a system of rolling loads. However,
For two equal loads, a useful assumption is that the maximum
deflection occurs at the centre of the span when the loads are
positioned equidistant about the centre.

BS 5950-1-2000
2.5.2 Table 8(c)