and adhesion Cohesion, in physics, the intermolecular attractive force acting between two adjacent portions of a substance, particularly of a solid or liquid. It is this force that holds a piece of matter together. Intermolecular forces act also between two dissimilar substances in contact, a phenomenon called adhesion. The attractive forces of cohesion and adhesion act over a short range and vary in magnitude, depending on the substances concerned. If a piece of glass is submerged in water and then withdrawn, it will be weti.e., water will cling to it, showing that the force of adhesion between water and glass molecules is greater than the force of cohesion between water molecules.
Examples and Evidences
Mercury in a glass flask is a good example of the effects of the ratio between cohesive and adhesive forces. Because of its high cohesion and low adhesion to the glass, mercury does not spread out to cover the top of the flask, and if enough is placed in the flask to cover the bottom, it exhibits a strongly convex meniscus, whereas the meniscus of water is concave. Mercury will not wet the glass, unlike water and many other liquids, and if the glass is tipped, it will 'roll' around inside. Because the attractive force between the glass and the water molecules (adhesion) is stronger than the force attracting the water molecules together (cohesion), the water is pulled up the side of the glass. Surface tension also plays a part. Because the surface tension of the water is trying to hold the water together, a smooth curve is formed around the edge. This concaved edge is the balance between the two forces.