Pumps, Turbines, and Pipe

Networks, part 3

Pipe-Pump Networks
Large scale systems (e.g. water supply)
almost always have complex networks,
with pumps, pipes, reservoirs, tanks,
valves, outlets, etc.
A nonlinear system that may vary in time
Simple networks can be examined by
hand, complex networks require other
methods

General Network Principles

1. Increase in storage = flow in flow out
a. Tanks, reservoirs change storage
b. Filled pipes do not change storage
c. Flow into junction = flow out of junction

2. Total change in head around a closed loop = 0

a. Need to keep track of signs
b. Often ignore losses at junctions
c. Usually ignore velocity head in large networks

3. Total change in head in unclosed loop is the

sum of all its parts
a. Usually ignore velocity head

Hardy-Cross Method for Pipe

Networks
Iterative method to find flow rates in
different parts of a pipe network, given
system properties
Junction equations
Head loss equations
Looks at flow clockwise and counterclockwise
around loops
Initial guess, iterate
Often assume constant friction factor

Example Network
1 m3/s in
0.5 m3/s out

f=0.02, L=150m, D=0.3m

2
f=0.02, L=100m
D=0.3m

3
0.5 m3/s out
f=0.03, L=500m, D=0.2m

Pipe Network Program EPANET2

Public Domain program to compute flow
through pipe-pump networks
Steady, time-varying demand
Water quality features (will not use)
Easy to use, with pull-down menus
Used in practice both as stand-alone program
and hidden beneath other layers

To be used in HW4
Loaded on computers in Stinson-Remick

Example for EPANET2

Simple Pump-Pipe system
Reservoir to pump to pipe to second reservoir
Water demand at one node
Create all portions of system
Modify Properties to what we want
Run Analysis
Examine Properties
Be Careful easy to have hidden properties that
are not what you want

Summary for Pumps/Pipes

Important Points
Conservation of Mass
Conservation of Momentum
Bernoullis Equation
Dimensional Analysis

Relatively simple concepts that lead to

useful and general results

What Have We Learned?

Pumps and turbines
How these vary with physical parameters
Power, Discharge, Head how these vary
Types and uses

Pump-pipe systems
Interaction between pumping systems and
pipe networks
Determining characteristics and finding
appropriate pumps, pipes
Cavitation
Complex networks and iterative solutions