11

Quadratic Expressions
and Equations

10. 4x2 1
= (2x)2 12
= (2x 1)(2x + 1)

Paper 2
1. (x + 4)(x + 2)
= (x)(x) + (x)(2) + (4)(x) + (4)(2)
= x2 + 2x + 4x + 8
= x2 + 6x + 8

11. x2 2x 3
= (x 3)(x + 1)
x

2. (x 1)(x + 3)
= (x)(x) + (x)(3) + (1)(x) + (1)(3)
= x2 + 3x x 3
= x2 + 2x 3

3 3x

3 2x

x +

12. m2 + 5m 14
= (m + 7)(m 2)

3. (2x 3)(x + 4)
= (2x)(x) + (2x)(4) + (3)(x) + (3)(4)
= 2x2 + 8x 3x 12
= 2x2 + 5x 12

2 2m +

m
m

4. (3x 5)(x 2)
= (3x)(x) + (3x)(2) + (5)(x) + (5)(2)
= 3x2 6x 5x + 10
= 3x2 11x + 10

7m

14

5m

4p

6p

13. p2 6p + 8
= (p 4)(p 2)
p

5. (x + 5)(4x 1)
= (x)(4x) + (x)(1) + (5)(4x) + (5)(1)
= 4x2 x + 20x 5
= 4x2 + 19x 5

p
p

2p +

14. h2 + 8h + 15
= (h + 5)(h + 3)

6. 2x2 + 4 = 2(x2 + 2)

5h

15

8h

2y

5y

7. x2 3x = x(x 3)

h
h

8. x 1
= x2 12
= (x 1)(x + 1)
2

3h +

15. 2y2 + 5y 3
= (2y 1)(y + 3)

9. x2 9
= x2 32
= (x 3)(x + 3)

2y

6y +

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 Mathematics SPM Chapter 11

16. 2x2 + x 15
= (2x 5)(x + 3)

2n2 + 5n

= 2
1+n
2
2n + 5n = 2(1 + n)
2n2 + 5n = 2 + 2n
2n2 + 5n 2 2n = 0
2n2 + 3n 2 = 0

25.

2x
x

2x2

5 5x
3

15

6x +
x

26.
x2 4x = 0
x(x 4) = 0
x = 0 or x 4 = 0

x = 4
Hence, x = 0 or x = 4.

17. 3x 5x 12
= (3x + 4)(x 3)
2

3x
x

3x

4x

9x +

12 5x

27. 2t2 = 3t
2t2 3t = 0
t(2t 3) = 0
t = 0 or 2t 3 = 0
2t = 3
3
t =
2
3.
Hence, t = 0 or t =
2

18. 3p2 11p + 6

= (3p 2)(p 3)
3p
p

3p2

2p

11p

9p +

28. (p 2)(p + 3) = 0
p 2 = 0 or p + 3 = 0
p = 2
p = 3

19.
x2 = 4x 3
2
x 4x + 3 = 0

Hence, p = 2 or p = 3.

29. y2 3y 4 = 0
(y 4)(y + 1) = 0

20.
2h2 + 3h = 2h + 15
2h2 + 3h 2h 15 = 0
2h2 + h 15 = 0

y
y

21. x(x + 1) = 12
x2 + x = 12
x2 + x 12 = 0

y +

9k

4 3y

Hence, y = 4 or y = 1.
30. 2k2 9k 5 = 0
(2k + 1)(k 5) = 0
2k

23.
3y2 = 2(y 1) + 7
3y2 = 2y 2 + 7
3y2 2y 5 = 0

2k2

5 10k +

2k + 1 = 0 or k 5 = 0
2k = 1
k = 5
1
k =
2
1 or k = 5.
Hence, k =
2

2m 5 = 3m

3
2m2 5 = 3 3m
2m2 5 = 9m
2m2 9m 5 = 0
2

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y 4 = 0 or y + 1 = 0
y = 4
y = 1

22.
p2 = 4(p 2)

= 4p 8
p2 4p + 8 = 0

24.

4 4y

Mathematics SPM Chapter 11

4.
5x2 + 11x = 2(3 x)
5x2 + 11x = 6 2x
5x2 + 11x + 2x 6 = 0
5x2 + 13x 6 = 0
(5x 2)(x + 3) = 0

Paper 2
1.
x(2x 1) = 10
2x2 x = 10
2x2 x 10 = 0
(2x 5)(x + 2) = 0
2x

5x

2x2

5x

10

x=

6x
6x
1
1

x =
1
1
orx =
3
3

5x 2 = 0
or x + 3 = 0
2
x
= x = 3
5

4x +

Hence, x =

2h2 8 = 3h

5
2h2 8 = 5 3h
2h2 8 = 15h
2h2 15h 8 = 0
(2h + 1)(h 8) = 0
2h
h

1
9

2h

3p

10

16h +

15h

5x + 15 = x 1
2x
5x + 15 = 2x(x 1)
5x + 15 = 2x2 2x

0 = 2x2 2x 5x 15
2x2 7x 15 = 0
(2x + 3)(x 5) = 0
2x
3
3x

6.

5 5p
2

2h + 1 = 0
or
h 8 = 0
2h = 1
h = 8
1
h =
2
1 or h = 8.
Hence, h =
2

3p2 4p
= 5
2p
3p2 4p = 5(2 p)
3p2 4p = 10 5p
3p2 4p 10 + 5p = 0
3p2 + p 10 = 0
(3p 5)(p + 2) = 0
p

2
or x = 3.
5

5.

3.

3p

15x +

6 13x

5x2

2x 5 = 0 or x + 2 = 0
2x = 5
x = 2
5
x =
2
5 or x = 2.
Hence, x =
2
2.
3x(3x + 2) 1 =
9x2 + 6x 1 =
9x2 + 6x 6x =
9x2 =

2 2x

6p +
p

3p 5 = 0 or p + 2 = 0
3p = 5
p = 2
5
p =
3
5 or p = 2.
Hence, p =
3

2x2

15

10x +
7x

2x + 3 = 0
or
x 5 = 0
2x = 3
x = 5
3
x =
2
3 or x = 5.
Hence, x =
2

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 Mathematics SPM Chapter 11

3x(x 2)
=
4
3x(x 2) =
3x2 6x =
3x2 6x 8 + 4x =
3x2 2x 8 =
(3x + 4)(x 2) =

7.

4(2 x)
8 4x
0
0
0

3x

4x

n 6 = 0 or n + 2 = 0
n = 6
n = 2
Hence, n = 6 or n = 2.

3x + 4 = 0
or
x2=0
3x = 4
x = 2
4
x =
3
4 or x = 2.
Hence, x =
3

3.
2x2 = 7x 3
2x2 7x + 3 = 0
(2x 1)(x 3) = 0
2x
1

x
x2

7x

or

14 5x

x 3 = 0
x = 3

4.
(y + 4)2 = 9
(y + 4)(y + 4) = 9
y2 + 4y + 4y + 16 = 9
y2 + 8y + 7 = 0
(y + 7)(y + 1) = 0
y

Hence, x = 7 or x = 2.

y
y

Paper 2
1. p(p + 1) = 12
p2 + p = 12
p2 + p 12 = 0
(p + 4)(p 3) = 0

7y

8y

4p

12

y +

5.
2y2 = y + 36
2
2y y 36 = 0
(2y 9)(y + 4) = 0
2y
9 9y

3 3p +

2y

p + 4 = 0 or p 3 = 0
p = 4
p = 3

36

8y +

2y 9 = 0
or
y+4=0
2y = 9
y = 4
9
y =
2
9 or y = 4.
Hence, y =
2

Hence, p = 4 or p = 3.

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y + 7 = 0 or
y + 1 = 0
y = 7
y = 1
Hence, y = 7 or y = 1.

7x

1 or x = 3.
Hence, x =
2

2x +

x 7 = 0 or x + 2 = 0
x = 7
x = 2

2x2
2x 1 = 0
2x = 1
1
x =
2

3 6x +

8.
x2 2x 11 = 3(x + 1)
x2 2x 11 = 3x + 3
x2 2x 3x 11 3 = 0

x2 5x 14 = 0
(x 7)(x + 2) = 0
7

2n +

12 4n

8 2x

2 6x +

6 6n

3x

2.
n2 = 4(n + 3)
n2 = 4n + 12
n2 4n 12 = 0
(n 6)(n + 2) = 0

2x

Mathematics SPM Chapter 11

9.
4k2 = 21 + 8k
4k2 8k 21 = 0
(2k + 3)(2k 7) = 0

2x2 3
x =
5
5x = 2x2 3

0 = 2x2 3 5x
2
2x 5x 3 = 0
(2x + 1)(x 3) = 0
2x
1

6.

2x2

2k
2k

4k2

3 6x +

3 5x

3 2k2 = k

5
3 2k2 = 5k

0 = 2k2 + 5k 3
2
2k + 5k 3 = 0
(2k 1)(k + 3) = 0
k

2k2

5k

6k +

2h 1 = 0
2h = 1
1
h =
2

5x

2h

or

3h

4h +

h+2=0
h = 2

11. 2 + 9v 2v2 = 4(1 + v)

2 + 9v 2v2 = 4 + 4v

0 = 4 + 4v 2 9v + 2v2

0 = 2v2 5v + 2
2v2 5v + 2 = 0
(2v 1)(v 2) = 0

2v

5 24x

2v2

1 or h = 2.
Hence, h =
2

8.
5 23x = x + 5x2

0 = x + 5x2 5 + 23x
5x2 + 24x 5 = 0
(5x 1)(x + 5) = 0
1

8k

2k 1 = 0
or
k + 3 = 0
2k = 1
k = 3
1
k =
2
1 or k = 3.
Hence, k =
2

5x

21

10. (2h + 1)(2h + 2) = 6

4h2 + 4h + 2h + 2 = 6
4h2 + 6h + 2 6 = 0
4h2 + 6h 4 = 0
2h2 + 3h 2 = 0
(2h 1)(h + 2) = 0
2h

7.

6k

2k + 3 = 0
or
2k 7 = 0
2k = 3 2k = 7
3
7

k =
k =
2
2
3 or k =
7.
Hence, k =
2
2

2x + 1 = 0
or
x 3 = 0
2x = 1
x = 3
1
x =
2
1 or x = 3.
Hence, x =
2

2k

7 14k +

25x +
2v 1 = 0
2v = 1
1
v
=
2

5x 1 = 0
or
x + 5 = 0
5x = 1
x = 5
1
x =
5
1 or x = 5.
Hence, x =
5

or

2 4v +

+2 5v
v 2 = 0
v = 2

1 or v = 2.
Hence, v =
2

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 Mathematics SPM Chapter 11

5k + 2 = k2

3
5k + 2 = 3k2

0 = 3k2 5k 2
2
3k 5k 2 = 0
(3k + 1)(k 2) = 0

15. (a) Area of square ABCD

= (m + 2)(m + 2)

12.

3k

(b) (m + 2)(m + 2) = 36
m2 + 2m + 2m + 4 = 36
m2 + 4m + 4 36 = 0
m2 + 4m 32 = 0
(m 4)(m + 8) = 0

2 6k +

3k

2 5k

3k + 1 = 0
or
k 2 = 0
3k = 1
k = 2
1
k =
3
1 or k = 2.
Hence, k =
3
4m2 2 =

7m
4m2 2 =
4m2 7m 2 =
(4m + 1)(m 2) =

13.

4m2

Hence, m = 4.

16. (2t)2 + (2t 1)2 = 52

4t2 + (2t 1)(2t 1) = 25
4t2 + (4t2 4t + 1) = 25
8t2 4t + 1 25 = 0
8t2 4t 24 = 0
2t2 t 6 = 0
(2t + 3)(t 2) = 0

2 8m +

2t

2 7m

2t

4m + 1 = 0
or
m 2 = 0
4m = 1
m = 2
1
m =
4
1 or m = 2.
Hence, m =
4

2t + 3 = 0

2k

6k2

4k

1 3k +

3k + 2 = 0
or
2k 1 = 0
3k = 2 2k = 1
2
1
k =
k =
3
2
2
1
Hence, k = or k = .
3
2

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t
2

or
3
t = (Impossible)
2
Hence, t = 2.

2k
14. 2k =
3k
2k 3k = 2 k
6k2 = 2 k
6k2 + k 2 = 0
(3k + 2)(2k 1) = 0
3k

8m +

32 4m
m

m 4 = 0 or m + 8 = 0
m = 4
m = 8 (Impossible)

7m
0
0

4m

4 4m

3t

4t +
t
t 2 = 0
t = 2