Fuel Injection in the CI Engine

For the compression ignition engine,

it is very important to promote a
means of injecting fuel into the
cylinder at the proper time in the
cycle. This is so because the injection
system starts and controls the
combustion process.

Objectives of the Injection System

The injection system of the compression ignition engine
should fulfil the following objectives consistently and
precisely:
Meter the appropriate quantity of fuel, as demanded by
the speed of, and the load on, the engine at the given
time.
Distribute the metered fuel equally among cylinders in a
multi-cylinder engine.
Inject the fuel at the correct time (with respect to crank
angle) in the cycle.
Inject the fuel at the correct rate (per unit time or crank
angle degree).
Inject the fuel with the correct spray pattern and
sufficient atomization as demanded by the design of the
combustion chamber, to provide proper penetration also.
Begin and end injection sharply without dribbling or
after injection.

To accomplish these objectives, a number of functional

elements are required. These constitute together, the fuel
injection system of the engine. These elements are as
follows.
1. Pumping elements to transfer the fuel from the tank to the
cylinder, along with the associate piping and hardware.
2. Metering elements to measure and supply the fuel at the
rate as desired by the speed and load conditions
prevailing.
3. Metering controls to adjust the rate of the metering
elements for changes in load and speed of the engine.
4. Distributing elements to divide the metered fuel equally
among the cylinders in a multi cylinder engine.
5. Timing controls to adjust the start and stop of injection.
6. Mixing elements to atomize and distribute the fuel within
the combustion chamber

Function of fuel injection equipment

The function of fuel injection equipment is to supply the
engine with fuel in qualities exactly metered in
proportion to the power required and timed with utmost
accuracy, so that the engine will deliver that power
within the limits prescribed for fuel consumption,
exhaust smoke, noise and exhaust emissions.
The fuel must be injected through suitable nozzles at
pressures high enough to cause the required degree of
atomization in the combustion chamber and to ensure
that it mixes with sufficient air for complete combustion
in the cycle time available.
In multi cylinder engines the periods of injection, the
timing and the delivered quantity must be accurately
metered to ensure an even balance between the
cylinders.

Classification Fuel Injection

Systems

FUNCTION OF DIESEL FUEL INJECTION

fuel injection pump - pressurizes fuel to high
pressure
high-pressure pipe - sends fuel to the injection
nozzle
injection nozzle - injects the fuel into the cylinder
feed pump sucks fuel from the fuel tank
fuel filter - filtrates the fuel

Functions of the system

Feeding fuel
Adjusting fuel quantity
Adjusting injection timing
Atomizing fuel

Advantages

More power is developed.

Increased fuel efficiency.
Reduced noise.
More stability.
Pollutants are reduced.
Particulates of exhaust are reduced.
Exhaust gas recirculation is enhanced.
Precise injection timing is obtained.
Pilot and post injection increase the combustion quality.
More pulverization of fuel is obtained.
A very high injection pressure can be achieved.
The powerful microcomputer makes the whole system more
perfect.

It doubles the torque at lower engine speeds.

Disadvantages

They are heavier for the same power.

Diesel fuel has low flammability.
Maintenance hazards.
Its exhaust gases causes cancer.

Technology increases the cost of the

engine

Uses and Applications

Passenger cars
Railroad rolling stock
Aircrafts
backup generators