Experiment 5: Comparative Reactions of Group II Cations (Hydrogen Sulfide)

Ions

Formula with H S

Color & Nature

Solubility in Na S reagent

Pb

PbS

black ppt

insoluble

Bi S

dark brown or brownish black ppt

insoluble

2+

Bi

3+

Cu

2+

CuS

black ppt

insoluble

Cd

2+

CdS

yellow ppt

insoluble

Hg

2+

HgS

whiteyellowbrownblack ppt

colorless soln of Na HgS

3+

Sb S

orange ppt or reddish orange ppt

colorless soln of Na SbS

3+

As S

yellow ppt

colorless soln of Na AsS

Sb
As

Sn

2+

SnS

light brown ppt

colorless soln of Na SnS

Sn

4+

SnS

yellow ppt

colorless soln of Na SnS

Experiment 5: Confirmatory test of Group II Cations (Hydrogen Sulfide)

Ions

Reagents
a.) K CrO
2

Pb

Formula

Color & Nature

PbCrO

yellow ppt

b.) excess NaOH

Bi

Na SnO

3+

a.) K Fe(CN)
4

2+

a.) SnCl
Hg

2+

Ions

sol. blue soln

Cd Fe(CN)

white ppt

2+

3 2

HgI

scarlet red ppt

K HgI or HgI
2

sol. colorless soln

-2
4

Formula

Color & Nature

Sb

black ppt

3+

b.) NaOBr

As

3+

2+

insoluble

NaOH, Al metal

AsH & Ag

HgCl

Hg Cl Hg

a.) Mg metal
Sn

whitegray ppt

a.) Al metal

Sn

Hg Cl Hg

b.) KI

Reagents

green basic salt

Cu(NH) or Cu(NH ) (OH)

c.) excess KI

amorphous reddish brown ppt

Cu(OH)NO

K Fe(CN)

sol. yellow soln

black ppt

Cu Fe(CN)

c.) excess NH OH

2+

Cd

Bi

Cu

Pb(OH) or Na PbO

b.) NH OH

Sb

2+

colorless gas & black ppt

whitegray ppt

reduction of Sn Sn
4+

2+

colorless soln

4+

b.) HgCl

Hg Cl Hg
2

whitegray ppt