.

.
,
. ,
,
,
.

1. [1]
,
,
. :


1.1


.
,

.
(, , , )
.

,
, , -,
, .
.
. .

.
,
,
.
DIN 4093 (6/1962) ,
. .


1.2

,

,
,

.
,




(.1).

1:

[1]

2. [4]
,
,
.
, . . 1. ,
, . 2.
,
. ,
( ), , . . 3.
,
, , . . 4. ,
, .

1:


[4]

2:


[4]

3:
[4]

4:
[4]

3.

:
1.
2.
3.
4. .
3.1

. .

( ),
2.
.

,


(. 2).
,

.
() ,
.

,
3. ,
( )
.




.

,
,
,
. ,
-

. [3]

, .
4 5
, .

12/10.
,
. [2]
12345-

2: ,
. [3]

4 5: [2]

12345-

3: ,
. [3]

,
.
.
,
,
, , . . 6. ,

.
. ,
,
, , . 7.
,

.
,
. [1]

6: [1]

7: [1]

,
,
:


1.
.
2.
3.
4.
3.2

, .

.

.

, . . 8. ,

.

8:

[1]

,
12 24 cm DIN.

, .
. ,
,
.
Tegernsee
4
24 cm , . 9.
15 cm
.
. ,
,
. [1]

.

. . 7 ,


. 5 .
:
,
,
.

.
. 6 ,
: ,
,
(. 8), ,
PVC. [5],[6],[7]

9: a) b) c)

[1]

5: 6: . [5]
[6]

7:
[6]

8:

[7]

3.3

( )


.
,
.

, .

,
.
:
3.3.1.
,
.

( ).
,
, .

.


.
. 1,2-1,5.

, 0,5 m
.
3.3.2.

,
.
.
.
100 mm 250 mm.
.
. ,

.
.

25 mm 50 mm .

.
,
, ,
. [1]
3.3.3
DIN 1045.

, . . 10,
.
.
( 1.25 m).

.
,
, 11.

.
,
0.5 m .
. [1]

,

, 50 cm 1 m
, . 12. [2]

( m)
10: (DIN 4123)

[1]

11:

[1]

12:

[2]

3.4 [2]
(
)
,
, . 13.

, . . 14 15.

13:
.

[2]

14: 2.5 m


..
[2]

15:

[2]

[1] . . R. Rybicki, . ,
1980, 1, 166-168, 172-183
[2] .
, 7 , 1988, 122-123, 170-171
[3] / . . . . , ,
2005, 159-160
[4] http://brackettfoundation.com/failure.htm
[5] http://www.premierfoundationrepair.com/what.htm
[6] http://archfoundationrepair.com/repairs.htm
[7] http://www.saberleveling.com/piering/pdf/saber_piering_insert.pdf