I

Mi N A X ANIM T8KL8L! (NURiv J::VA)

RUS DiLiND8
TRK SZL8Ri

:" -'"

UA KI - ELM - 200I

..
SZLHR T ARix i YASADIR

Elnn rcdak tov:

Fe.d.pro] , Ni zami

xu ulvuv

AZicN-!J. M ilti Ert-mn mxbir iizvii,

f e.d., PN?t Nizami C0H) ROV ;
d.. prof. Yus lf Seyi dov

Rey i:

re.

, ,:.

Slavy an xa lqlan ila a laqo yar ad ib saxlaya n trkl er yctkil;

ictimai-medo n i iuki saf sev iyyesino rnalik olm us lar . Va ru s diliIl<:-l ha yat m dcma k olar ki , btn sahnlarini ohato eden dil elcmentlo ri - sz vcrmisl or.
[\/I" s<)13 ila bagh qcyd cdak ki, rus larla tur kl a rin birbasa
olaqoler! sayes mda 11011a bu di le . hs m inin Ukrayna , Bclor us

dillarina de irklor terefin dan daha ovvo ldo menimsen ilmis

urub, iran, monqol, sanskrit di llerins moxsus szler mahz trk
dillori vasi tasile k cmi ~ ir.

Rus elilino t rk leksik clemeutlarinin gcrds so ki ldo daxil

Mlnaxanun T ald al i (Nuriycva). Rus dilindo rrk sii/.!ari . Ba k.:

EJII\fl}, lOOI, 352 sah.

Kirabd a rus dilinduki trk szk )l'ind<Jn utrath huhx

cdilir. Gstenlir ki, bu dildek. lurk sztorinin leksi ksemank z<Hlginliyi tiirk xalqlaruun crkun rn addi-m.m.jvi
naili yye tlerin i a ks ctdinr. Aydm o lur ki, trk siiz lur i rus
dilmi n hutu u leks ik qauu a yavnn us dn : muduni-kutt r
kalmelor. inzibati is. d vbuiliklo bag ll. herb s a IKlsill,~ aid.
yasayrs - rnoskunlasma ilu o laqo dur [rk sI.!<Jrin in rus
dilindo ya ra td lg l geni:::: vu I, mrtl l 111;JIlZ,)j\ ) rus, sorqi Siavyun
xalqlann m tarixindo Turk valqluruuu vcrin i V, ) m vqc vuu
[ijsd l'! cdir

460JOOOOIJIJ
T

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65 5 ( 07) - 200 1

olmas t prcscsi cranu zm I-VIn asrlarinda; ' hola slavyan tayfa '
birliklar i iln . yon i h<Jla lap Kiycv Rus d vlat i yaranan a q,)da rki
dv rdu ba sfan usdr .
R us di liudaki trk (sorq) elcmc ntlurinin clmi celietden l'''
ronilme sina XVII estin so nlannda ba~ Iall1 I111 1~S a da, bu problomo gc l m araq ya lruz XI X e srdo n hiss olunur . Qr url a dcma liyi k ki, rus diliudaki sorq clcmcntlannin yranilmasi isinin ilk
I
qara uqusl annda n hir i hamyerl im iz s hr a tli alim M irza K azrm
be y olm usdur.
Arn q X X es rin rrvv....illarina dogru rus di l indo t rk e lcmcntlurinin arasdml masr rus trkologiyasrnda ardtctl vo .
ahengdar axarm a dsr. Xsusan p.I.Melioranskinin rnonqollara
qodorki rus yazih abi ol e rindo. 0 c rnladan, "Iqor alayi haqq m- "
da dast an "m dilind uki trk izm le rla bag h yazdrgr meqala le ri bu
gn Ja ilk nm unala rdan olmaq eliban ilu doyar ini eyn ila sax - ,I

-.,

lumugmdadir.
Lakin ycne du bu saba da

i ~ XX osrm ortalar mdan baslay a- ..

rag tamami la yen! mana, ycn i qiymut va aha miyyut ka sb e un oy" baslayir. Stali n cpOXaS1l1111 sonlarm3 dogru SDf l rcjimin arllq .
m layi m la ~ a n iqJimi v,a b yk qa labanin m omnllnl ugu i ind a .,
(Byk Va ta ll mharib sindiJki qa la ba nazarda tutulur) xalqlara
La
ollinan "a fvi-rnumi '" aS lidali yinda grkal11li lrkoloq
N.Dm itri ycv in hKlq iqlar i, xLi susan "T Li rk dillvr inin quru l u~u "

1,
I

I,'I

1,

eson tarixi obyck tivliyin Vd uJaJdlin bu yo lda ilk bdI11,ll dr in t!d Jl

saytlmahd tr.
Q rsa zaman furqluri ilu Avropada nusr olunan K .J\..'lc Jlgcs in
"lqor alayr h aq qm da dastan'tdak r ~Dfq clementlori. M.Faslllcrin

drd cildlik "Rus dilinin etimoloji lga ti" yen i va casara tli axtans lan n n e tica si olaraq mcydana ixdi.
Trko log iya alerninda da rh al oks-sada dcguran , nafis, S8mim i, cyn i zarnanda dogmaltq , q-xlirbil enlik duygu lanyla yazrl mis , el miliklu poel ik hisslcrin qov usdugu O ljas Slcy ruanovun
"A z-Y a'', N .Baska kov un "T rk mnnsul i r us soyadlurt", "Iqo r aluY1 h aqqm da das tan" m trk Jek sikas t tudqi q luri trko lo g iya nm
fqle nn i birdan-bira gcn islandirdi.
Tanxi - f iloloq al im N. Baskakov ull ister ad! a kilun h;::)min e sc rlerind u, isrersa da bu mvzudak i tanxe sa daqat biss la-

riyln yazrlnus digar asu rlnrinda trk xalqlarnnn ruxlartn maddi

1,18 mDl18Vi mDdcllliYYDtl<lrin in bir yOX sahulurindn mhr kim i
qoy dugu izle r qcvdkcsh k!a xutulam r-. 0 da maruqh hu ldtr ki.
X Il as r rus tarixi-edebi a bidos i olan "Iqo r aluyt haqqmdn dastanvd a tr k szlarinin varlrguu gstnrarkuu Haxkako v hu ua
"Dastan" lll mlilli fn in nain ki trkca yax~l bildiyini V;.-l trk ,)(1<1bi - bi:'Jdii alClminin znngin likl<-,rina balod olJugunu, hi:ltta ,-hrin
mall iDiyina qlpaq tiirklar ini ortaq olaraq gstorir. Eh) bu istiqamDtd D 1,18 bu fuh da a1an hl(jqiqatlardan ba~la yafaq lrk o log i-

yada slavyan xalqlafl tarixind,) trkliJrin vacib Vi) daJ1l1maz mlll

parIaq ~iJk ildi) laqJ im cd ilmaY<:J ba~ lal1l hr. Tarixo V,J CI"JCD dl;)
qaba , ham ina dka r, h;:JIn da mhafiz8ka r mcnt ali tct i:J olal1 tkam, c<:)sara tli va adala lli mdaxil8Iar tasirsiz qahmr. Trkologiyadakl irali l;)yi~lm va har bil' tap m lllar IluiliYyv tlar hvmin
as arlarin artIg bil' m,'Jklnb qadarki gcn gstar ir. B u moktab

A.Kononovun, i.Dobradomovun, V.Araknin... bu yoldakJ zah m'7t va ugur lan iia daha da mh ko ml an m i ~d i .
ind i bela tJdqiqa tlafm Azarbaycand<l da apanlmas i gZI<-ln ilrna kda yd i. ox YUX~1 haldir ki, h azlrd a bizim z a limllrimiz
tura fin do n t rk mBll~ li xiisusi Vi:} apclyativ sz\;.lrin sldvyan
d iHarindl ral u Jaznnmca ara~dU"Jlmaga ba~ lamaqda(lJr. 'iinki
ista r Z obyekti vliyi, ist8rsa du (Jk tivliyi baXl111 llldan bu mvzllnun rcspblikamlZl n tam mstaqill ik vlda ctdyi dvriinda i.;>1;'Jll -

masi ugurlu

1,18

sumnmli nti.ci)h'1~. vC~'a bi l.r. ~~~,U if ~i,ll~X~

rum Taklul i (Nuriyeva) uzu n illar znnnda isludiyi Rus dilinde

trk sz fa ri" tudqiqa u m tamamlauus, rcs publik ada ~o.n zamanl.ar
na dil in n vsu tinin aru n lmas i ila bag h hayata kcmlal? td~l(
Iorla birxtrada bu mvzun un ham darin, ham de eh ata li hel lino
ahsrnrsdrr.

'

Kitabd a rus d ilin in he le ilk d vrlerinda- onun qod im abidolerin de islenmi s rrk s zlerin in bir nc a yu z illiklar ~oyunca
bu dil in Jg<-Jt tarkibindoki m vqe yi . ro lu, cloc a de bu d lida. qa zand lg l zengin islunma xususiyyatlari ar~:;;dlr!lrnt~dlr . Dslinda
rus d ilindnk i trk mensoli s zleri dnya dlllennd8 . b~~ veren v~
tab ii ha l sayrtan s z alm m ast - m badila si proscsuun tam . cym
kimi qabul cunok do dz olm azdi, nki bu szts r .~rkl er Ul tarixa mad am tast rinin g sroricon olmaqla yanasr, turk xa lqlanrun rus xalquun ta rix i ralc yinda oynadigi mh m ra lu da askarlaya n m hm faktla rdt r.
. .
' ..
r. ..
" ,
Ki tabm da btvlkda qaye si r us d iliudaki umumlurk 'medo n! irsinin qadirnliyinin va za ng inli yini n ~ar iz g~stmi c il8r i ol.a~
trk szlur inin uslindu ruslarl a trk lur in qadim e~a.qnlr~l1l
,senlandiran lar ixi b it pro scsi n natiee st k im i dayarlundirilm axin d8n bar<ltJir.
..
.
K ila bda heminin rus rna nbalurin in km<:JYI d8 bil' ox
mt:)~h ur rus ~axs i yyatloriBill mllarmm (s oy ~d.l ~rm lll)~ va e la~
\0 uniarm ctnik m;::.l11~ayinin tiirk ia rIa, trk dJit da baglJ o Idu gu
lrldarin dnya sivilizasiyaslllda byk tarixi x idmetieri
kar cdilarak ara~dJr1hm~J lr.
. ,
Ictimai -iqtisaJi vu siy as i hayatm bil' ox sa h vlv f1nt 8I~ata
cdun lrk szlerinin, clvce d qedi m va za ngin trk onomastJ kaSIl1111 sl avyan diIl<'1rina darindan nfuz ctmicl si hallan tarix ~o~
yu nca mlitmnadi duy u lmu~, b u pros es ~ar zam~n, har yer?<'I l~
tcnsiv hal ah11lsdl . dur ki, ist~)r miJ llJfin bu d il alaqalanna oz
mnasibnt"i, islar bu ar<.ilcJi
d.zgl1
llKJt!<:md irilnmsi, ist8fsO niS dJllllda kJ turkHzlml8flll tar ix i-

~;)

a~-

YCI~i

t.a~ixi n~Drl~.~)ila~i

(~i~

linqvistik tuhlili vu s. kimi m8s8!0lmin kitabda ksi taqdirala y iLj Ljar~llanmalllIJT .

m ullHrk dlaqlvri fonullJa X IX usnn ba~lang lc mda

Qafqazlll. 0 C Jll I ~JlJ;:lI1 Azarbaycan m i~gah ilu alaLj ad~r olaraq

<lil>

""'="

1/1

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I
1

rus d ilinu
- A'"
ob'
I
kec.
". -ktrk
.", d,ililiJ
. . n siyyut qurun
. . Q"",' IUzdull
~
,_d l aycanctan
nej:~ tUI s~zl,)fl J1l1l d,UYdl~h:lllJIflI Il1 ~::-'.1 1;)(j (!.iqUldl uyr tca quba.~ a~.dlr.II~:~dlr .. S U h,11 Ih JlTI .ru.s .J tl1l1t) soz vcnn u proscxi nin
,> ,

s.onm8.d~Y lnJ. oks ino , dava m etdi yini g storm ak l yanasr I' ' 1
turk i
d
< y,
us l J
o ~ . umum Uf<. lfSlJl a Azatbaycan trkcos inin ycrin i V,J 1<1 -

lind. ki

yrm m eyyanlesdirmoyu kmek cdir.

.M vzu byk rus yazr ilarunn - .S.Pllskin I N Tois t '

A
Q t
i
ML
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, oJ
' . n 10YC( o~lln, ~. c rm~nlovL1ll, N.QoqoJ, l.Turgcncv, l\' .Lcs~

,I

kov,
A.Kupnll, A'cxov.
I.Bunin
M Qorki va'- IJ .k. u"unya nuq,
"1 ~ " k
"
., .

y~s I.:snnnt
7F ) islunilmi sdir (-''' I ' I '
b
.. kiar lan n, dil matcrtallun
..
y ,
'\
. ... UIHI l dr
Ir , sO,z~~ :lr rzru UlUll . 1llu.d~!;.)( b,JuiI dildo i ~ I , ll1 <l- i ~ l<ll1 ,) cilulan-

I~I~, .t8~11 ol ar aq hamin dilin zururi irada vasitalori strasmu kcu

bihn isd ir.
<

,
R~I S ..di li ll.da qn dim v a I1lH/J111111lu i~ l,l1llll;'~ tari x i clan trk
n:<m,~a ~ l SOzI8,I.n. gCl11~ .111<::Jn.z,~r;:~sini vcrau va bu szlur:n. elnca
d ~~ rr k ono mastik vahi dln rinin ru s dilin da vcrin i VI) mvqc , ,
gosten 11 b , ., bi
r:
. .
'
t CY1ll 1

..
.. ~
~ I . ~ n sur. rzun fikrimizc u. mt,lx\lssis li)r vu t,ll ,)bd klr
U ~U ll , .~).11l zamanda gCll15 OXUCll klitl' l.si c n d i ) maraqh vu fayda h aS01 olacaqdrr.

N.IVI.XU DV EV
()JJ/i)k d<Jr cim .:'1<1dilllI; professor

IV

GiRiS
Millotlerin va xa tqlann bir-biri ila icti ma i-siyasi, iqtisadi ,
tanx i. clmi-madani ulaqalnri neticas inda dil le rut da bir-bi rin o
qarsthqh to'siri mvcuddur . Cograf ca hutdeu qonsuluq da yasayan xalqlarm arasmda olan mxtalif a laqolor cox tab ii o laraq onlan ditlorino do to's ir cdir , bu dillarda n bir-biri no mxtalif szlari n kemnsina sabab olur. Di lda olan b u h ad ise obyckt iv va
qanuuauygun bil' proscsdir. Bu nun natleas inde da dnyada ol an
dil la ri n h a r bi rinde m ayynn qada r al mma s z vo SZ birlnsm a lori vardrr. Bu baXI111d,Hl ay n ca gt r ldkdc Azarbayca n xalq tmil, muma n d cyi ldik da isa btn t rk xalqlanmn qad im zamanla rdan b aslay ar aq onunla qons uluqda y asaynn xalqlar m dil lorinu tu's irinin oyrunilib ta dqrq cdilm nsinin ol d uqca by k a ha 1l1J YYi.1ti va rd rr. T rk dillori tarix boyunca b ir ox d il ailul a ri ilo
ardrc il v a mh kem ko ntakti ara rnalik olmusd ur .
Turk dili he le qadim zam an larda n slavy an dill arila y axm
cografi mnas ibetl urdn ol musdur va ona g ra da biz im qa dim
rus va ya s lavyan dil la rinde bunun va cyn i zamand a di gcrinin
ibtid asltl d a ort aq olan sz lar tapa b illl1\Jm iz ta a cc b l d cy ild ir.
M;'-lS;'1\;:m, slavyanlarda Vi) q;'lllill1 ru slard a H"IHl verg i, cin::m
llln 'nasll1 da Vi) cyni z3mand a trkhHd~l <{xmac , svdoq a (bl1n ck
ViJ ya vinnek ,Il;1Th>i fc' lin d;,m ) ll1a 'nas ltlda ; OJHlp , O Hp ~ r us larda , bayar (Varh ki~ l , c;,)nab) - trk] ;,) HI;,~ va b.k, ,>.1
Qcyd ctll1uliyik k. indya qvdar ga di m trk dilla rilv ru s
d ilnin ,1!aq:Jsi, slavyan V\J t rk x alq la nllll1 tarixi mnasibutlmi
V, l bu m nas ib <Jtlarin ba51Jca ~;:)rt (i) rind\)n ola n a lmm a s): 111 us a la si, konkrct hallardq 1rk szhJrinin JigBr di llam ta'sir" dnya,
elDcu da rus va i\zorbayc an liirkoloq lan ta r,yfind3n m a yyvn
thn;lCDdu yr~mi lml~S<1 du, a lmmalarlll kcdiy i c1i ld,) m vqcyi,
v azif~-ll;,ni, i ~la nm:J xsus iYYi)tlari va b unla rla bag h bil' Slfa d igaf
mns ;:) l ~ll uru go ri:.l yi llca tllqq at yctiriJmam,;dir.

I IJ.A.EilCKilKOB. HJf./1 6 i/n . T J1.b i..'jJJ ii/'i Cfl lf l ip ,

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rJel l Cnlau c u 6Jtl Ul w o i O,'<1111 1'1II 1(' JlJhl KO IJ naoo o

1'J69.

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O(!O,'W Ui' lIl1t' pre-

eCf'p )} IJ K I f..
e e cp}! (c49-67). M .

Jl J l>lk'O Ja cn etn Jall.'1 CII/II OaOIf Ull IU Jl 1b/ K OfJ H <lP O(JO(i

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2 A 1:'11 Oorbsnov. f)nyt fJi/lrk ddf,:!{f H . :!()()(}. S).

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Tiirk izm va (' llr x lIJiln ;;il ii s7.)} iln/II,I'I,\larffJl i{an,WfmJlm llilfJ IJIJ zmllim ,xi c,dH/liJ

fj~ir vcnnak, '~ZlfJIdlr, I. [hij tiirk,7/11J;)fi Y iJ'ni m s diJ/lW llk d tl/al"mJ iJlJ kc on
suzli~r. Bu JOZ/dr IMr h ii ll,\ oir lu rk dtlllllll /lIgiJl fOr/a!Jlllil iJlddlr: 2 T,/r)A1 Irk iZlli liJr_
y a 'n i lrk Jf!/iHindafl iil/IJJiI di) tlilk lIIrm~iI/i dcyit, tekin l rk di/.onJil li;/aJliJmk h er
hili/SJ r dda 0 dil WI,Ht;)sil din'; o/mu>,fur, M ns o/rm . rus di/ir](/il i~/a/li!JJ ( /-.'a 7 n !lJ;
liirkl7/J/I Z erof !s/ mdiJIJ (,\,IZl/I iJIUlI) SiJS fi!lk1bJiJag m OI 117iJq/il,SlIlJ;;dlr, IJIJ szllJ
rus di/lila g iJ/dl:YI K I:VCVtcusu dv r IJdH D ru b ;"iJrqi diJ m adiJm ' Yi1 !JmJ f iJlaqa/;;rirl/lJ
I/a zaJflly im nozem a/mi/ij fazJ!ndJF (BiI C APUK/III H JJ, TIO {' K(,/{lI(, 'I (' /{( 'II ' '' '<'K I/e
e,j ('.~l f lllnbl (I n aMJlmHUKOX P V CCKO?O 11]0110:0 ,H OI/?o.~ OCKO,'O nV!J II O(!Q B kH.. r /Ofl K lI.J.I11>I (/
4 aocmU'iH Oc.'1I16"" ClW:X IIJI>I K<lX. M , l laYKa}), /974, ('./ /2- 1 / 3).

,J~.Ir ~ln lp lW6 HK, ClJlp OU !lJ KJIJ~TKiI ~ JOb/K(/(; , ,Ir., / 962, c,50c)

A . /{ Oil OH O(i. I lcm op ll R lIiF 'ICIl Il f/ III lfi{l"; CKl lI RihlKO(l fll'fx '('11U 1/( O(K I/I JI' ! fJ 6 (' n lil IWflll /im'KQIJ ,.II., 1972, (" 23

aJ)

zu su olmu sd ur. Fikrimizcu , hu sahuda iJk d isscrtasiyatu trko loq-alim X .D .Frenin tulubuxi Kazan uui vcrsi tctinin m o'zunu Ya nuari O sipo vi Yart sc v 19 ma y 18 16-cl ilda (0 P YCCKHX cnOBaXI
Il POII CXO lU Ii UHX H 3 BOCTO '--l.lIL1X H1hIKO B)) m vzu sun da mdafia
etmis di .!
Lakin btn hu arusdtrmalar daha OX praktik xara ktcra
rnali k idi: tadqi qatlar bil' ox ha llarda lgvt yaratmaq mahi yyati
dasi y rrdr. Ya'n i slavy an dillnrindaki trkcadan alt nmalar sad ece
linqvis tik fakr kimi g trlor ck ad i altnmalar sociyyesinda baxrlnus. bu zaman SZ<J ctnoqraft k va medcni tar ixi obyekt kimi
yana srlm arms , onu n rus-tr k nl aqnl ari zomin inde va tr k xa lqla nnm rus mudani inkisafiua va digc r sahele nne te'siri lazmu nca
istqlandrrrlmamt sdt . ox vaxt bu islnrda prob lom scmasic loji as pekt dan do uzaq tutulm us; trk s zlnrinin hu dildo scrna ntik
cvol yusi ya suun tub ii vv konkrct gcdi si ni iz.lnma k, canlandt rmaq
kunard a qalm tsdr.
Trk leksi kasuuu rus odobi di linutarixun oxdan daxi l 01masma V V rus yazirlanru n es a derindo kifayot qadar gcnis isla nilmes ine baxm ayaraq rus ba dii dilindo. clece da bu di lin
tcrmi no lo ji ieks ikasmda trk menso li s zlariu ye ti mvqeyi va
rolu oldugu sev iyyed a g sto rilib qiymarla nd irila bili nmom isdir.
Hnm inin , rus dilindak i trk mensoli zengin on cmastikam n genis va rengarung manzarasi haqiqi do ye rind o vu miqyasmda lazrmi su viy yada aks olu nmami sdu va s .
'
Daha dogru su , rus di linde (cleco di) bil' srra dnya dil lorinda) tr k mensoli apcl yutiv ns rlerin yranilme si ba'zi t~rkolq~
larm maragma saba b ols a da bu problom yalmz XX esnn S-ci
illori nda n ba slayaraq gcni s sa kilda e lmi -tndqiqa t mvzusuna
cv ril mis di r.? Ar uq 'SO-ci illarin son un da bu sahode canlanma
hiss olunur, XSUSJn 70-ci illardo iso g clonarek rrk-slavyan
di1alaqnl ar inin yruni lruasi nda silsile tudqiqatlar mcydana IX lr. 3
I

nex: KO I/ OI/O (I

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Jf(, I!10 P UJI. Il JY' I CiII/J/ n llopKCK Ii X .11) ;' 11(0 (1

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" JIIIYI((I)), .11., 19 72, C 128

-' A f !f Qurbtmo y. U lll vndd liirk ild/ilrm, 5 5,

(, Kll i l l re p /w iJ) ,

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19?) . A;A:, ,h r.\n mw (w

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W"/IfIWqfll KlIp.'Jliu/I .AKjl"

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pycO<Oi'O

. . S~n. j ll\~r~l) . AZ;)rbayc.'~llda hazJrlalll1lJ .';j cII1l J-t;:Hlqiqat i ~liJ

rindun ~ Jdk bel<.l\i a Xumar J ofiq qrzrmn (T IO p K If J Mhl 11 PVCCf{OR3b llJifOlf npeccc A 3cp6a i IJlh.:<lI l C (fjak. 1"9 0" ) r: v.on d'

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"/
" .1 . V IHIl l )' t' Va run ~(1 IO~}\ H1M I.I H Jl jl CfJl! Cp YCCKO M }I 1 1.I KC)I . (Uakl. jI)I)7) kuni

lI anll z.~dllk d ~ s.s~rtasiya la lll1l problcmi n h a mdu miia yyn n ug ur-

lu addnn lar kimi ql )'lllatl endll1llak o tar.

I

TI:kol (~J ardal l K .A .Y t~la.~ccvan ln .

.~ ro v~n led tpqlan ndv bu b yk problom tematik blg lar

/T

Y una lccva te ken rus dil iud a ki trk Ilmll ~;) l i s zlnri nrasd u~llaqla CJ~lmal1ll~ .0 hnminin bu SZI:JfJII rus dihna k c llln~i Vil

1,Ik da fa .1 ~ 1i:lllIn<Jsl tarixini, szyaratma imkanlan m vu funkx iya,

S I.~lI.. gC~.l ~ ~ ~ara~dlTnll~ , bu d il re'smu i bir preses, fakt otaraq
g~t u nn u~ va hi1.m l ~ p roscs m d ah a ox mod a ni p rO SC5. oldug unu

q lymi:Hlmld ucl bilm isdi .

~ un ~nla

q tnda qcyri-rcal resovvr yaratrms. ham da hu dil le rda dam sari

xalqla nn Sa rq in siyasi xuri tusi ndo ki ycri ni dumanh gs to rm is- \
di ! mulahizal a rini cyni ila turk-rus ulaqale rinin osas baglanr u

'<

grr uoya n. hu alaqolcnn mahiyya un i azaltmaga ahsan redA Jan mbc lovlill. D.S.;-; c-

c idd i arasd umaya ca lb ol ullmul;id ur.

bel a .,. (i~rk d illa ri va rus dil iuin alaqes i larix i az

~~an ~l m ~-?, B~ sar trkizml ann rus dilina kema vax u daqiq l i)~
d m lma.mIS, b ir ~ox ha llard e ru s di iindeki trkiz m la rin temal ik
va lekslk-sema~.tJk qruplard ak r yc ri ayd mJa~d lrlm a m l -?d l r.
.
. A lmma .soz. yaxud udebi dilin xarici imkanla r h csab ina
z~ n.gJn.l u ~mos lJ1 dn d a.l.lI~J1~'r k \)1l bu ma sa liJ daim h irlarafl i, h a lf<l
~arazh ,. yapma l~mayu ll <Jn n t'siri ila izah cdillll i ~ , hu a laqalei~lJ1 qadll n ~~s lang1C1 Ulludll l mu~ . dal ia so nra kl a srlord a intcnsiv
d laqBla r ?oz y u m~ l araq bu a laq OJ I,l ri, sz ke m :ln i y aln lz mOI1qol-tatar (Js tIlasJ)) 1(a bagl anmaq la bu ba~;)ri, tOJ hii proseso qal.
JlJaqall xaraktcr vennay,) a h ~ d m l ~d lr. Rustrk mnasibt l' lri
ar~~d m.Jarkan ox za ma n a tra fd akJ yaxm tr k xa lql an ila 0 13 11
mu xtah f a laq a lvri nd a n ya n ke.nak lrk xa lqlan n. n ru ol'
b'
.
.~ ..ra q a r~ 1
i1.Sq l ~ v~ talanlan }~')(.I{hl1d'l ~l a rllq ~i~i rdi l ll1 i~ ~<J k i ltl a gs lv rilnll ~ va dlllc mud,HlI , IqtIS<l(ll, t;lsa rr fal saha lvrini a hat\) edun

mua si ba tlaru gz y u m ulm usdu r. Pro f. Tofi q Hacrycv in hela

birtum fh lik uam ki trk dillarmin mezmunu va sa viyyosi haq-

q iqat tlanu birtarafli m vqc tu tma lartna d a sar uil ctmak o lar.
nki hela oldugu roqdird n ahnma sz mosel nsi birtcrafl i va ya nm rq to'sir bagrslamaqla yanasr. trk diilarinin nfuz va yayilma arcaltrun dzgn meyyanle sdi ri lmosinda da manenlar

yaradrr. 3 sl inda , diga r qonsu dillarda oldugu kimi, rus odoh i dilinda d u tiirk ma nsul i s ale r h a min dilin lck sika smda xs usi qat
tos kil cd ir . M a sal a n iu u nudu lan moqamlarm d an biri da odu r ki.
Aza rhaycan trkcasiu in basqa dillarl o ulaqole ri, o nla n n form a-

tasmasmda va iukisufmdu rolu, clac a do Azarbayca n tiirkcosiuin

Qafqaz areahnda V\ l ha minin rus dilinde ycri, milasir d vrda

o nu n ulaqodo oldugu dillurin inkisafmdakt mvqeyi , alaqela rin
psixoloji , sosial. fe lsof caheari va s. bu kirni probl cmlor 111 0noqrafi k ta dqiq at o byck ti na ev rilmomis, m a yya n ma q sod le
yazrlnus bo'zi as ar va muqa lnla rda b u I11vsa la la ro tori to xu nu
laraq I11 v'l ulll al v c rillll j ~ d ir; h am da indiya kimi ~<l rq i sla vya n:
lann d illa rinin. XSU S<J11 I1IS di lin in lga t trk ib inda o la n t rk
Illi:m~;.) 1 szla rinin yra nilm asi ada ta n eti mo loji ~a r h ltl m vh d u d
l a ~dlfl lnlI ~ dl r , Y o'n i, trk szlurinin a ~ ka ra lxan h b trk dillarinin bu Vu ya digar bir qoluna man subi y yati , ba 'z an d,) bu sz-

!vrin rus dilina kcl11iJ tarixi

~ma i tin i n

V i)

qe)d olunmasi istiqa-

matinde i ~ l u r ap an l m am l ~ dlr ,
Halbu k i a sas d iqqa l a na ve rilmalid ir ki, di l ta'si ri m a sa las i

vlahiddu Iinqvistik fakt kimi gtrlnmyib, kornpleks hah nda,

btitv tar ixim vdani , siyasis osio loji proscsin tarkib hissasi say Jllllah d lr. nki . (~ b u prosesin elm i izah , znn btn tzaIJ,K l n ' " T i. TII""'/ Gim.i'yinin " Al onqoM.m q;Ib.7qkl /il(.'/.',7 }l{)1.'71YiH.J:J I
fii rk I711;,.II'J) fodq iq"'1 b.lri"/;l fi'Y", IJ.?\': Trk di//nrinm /i/l'i.\I Vi-' (h l lc),l(l /UP IYill l

fJllJh k m l ,lt/: R ,;' I. { '1S6 ..~

'Jo.

hrlarin da uanx. umunu modum yyat, di l vu s. ) bizun clmin ta

xirasa lmmaz masnlu i ann i znde bir lusdirir . !
Biz dil za ma n kcd ikca ortay a rxan ye ni materiall ar ,, ~ a
smda trkizm le rin bu dildu dalia da daqiq ia sdi rtlma xi V, I aydtn
lasdmlm ast ile al aqodar bu sovlarin nis dilinduk i gems vu zn ruri
mvqeyini askarla ma q. u vvalk i tad qi qat lardan fbrql r olaraq b
urada ruslarla oxu srhk alaq.. , l ;l r; ~ rnalik olan trk lo r;n UZUIl tari
x

boyunca bu xalqlura muduni - xrya xr te'sinnin va stnlklurimn

tarixi rca lhqla seslu son faktl aruu d il-s z fakrlan z ra ta sd iqlo
mak islcnrn qnr~ lya qo yrnu suq . Bu islor rcs p ubli kanuzm milstaqill ik aldu ctdiyi yen! d vr olan bu tarixi d vrde fikrinu zi bttin
da riul iklerinu qn do r is iql and rra raq if adu cuu a k kim i c iddi ll1aq

trk munsali s zlu n n rus dilinde Ione nk Vu qrall1lll ~ti~

udaptas i ya s! vu szyara tma ill1k~n~.anl1l . askar ~t lll"k .
ru s d ilinde i~hJnan trk rna nsal i s xla nn \Ckslk-se mnn tik menzar vsini Ill ayyan l a~d i nnak :
. ..
ru s dilinin lgat tork ibinde a ham iyyath mov qc ~~Itmu~
mumis la k trk mansalt szlerlo yana~ l . ~s b.adl ~. Llda~

hiyyauu da i ~lul1 ,'n trk onomastjk vahidle rin iislubi

x susi y yntl an ni arasdm uaq .
.
.
.
Gliman cd irik ki, yen i aspektd a , yen I ~~ra~"da ~.ralllanl:t~

.adqiq at isi tr k s zlorini n yay rlma arealnu duz gun rn ua yya n

s
ditmay a k mek eda cu kd ir.

sodle rla baghdrr.

Tudqiqat n di l matc n allan mn VtI ulaqeda r faktlartn

XIX asnn a vvali ndan bas layaraq g t r lmus i, bi r tnre fdon isin
sistcml i, daqiq hildudl anm moyyc nlesdm rse , digar tara fden ,

uvval ki d vrla rdan farqli o laraq hu ruuuasi ba tlurin inkisafm da

xsus i epoxa saytlan XIX es r mnasibo tlenni n - ya'n i Qara doniza txan ar Rusiyas uu n bu daniz bo yun ca t rk torpaql an ila
tamast. Si mal i Qafq azm , ardm ca Azarba ycan m, bt vlkdu Qa
fqazm-A zarbayca n irkca si ifo n siyyot qu ra n Oafqazm ram cdi
lmosi bu mnasibetlera ba xs olunan yeni-yon i keyfiyy a tlari n ZiJ

rxanlmas r ila bagbdu.

XIX aS T zlynda rus trk mnasibrulorinin ven! vn daha
mazmu nlu tozahrlarmi n tam bilki n ma nzurasi ni <:.Ik; ede bil ir.
Mo noqr a fiyada maq sa d rrk man sall s zlurin rus dilinde

istanma tarixini vu onUil HigHt terkibinde mvqcyini mayye nlasdirme k. rus bodii dilinde hu lek sik vahidla rin funk sional im-

kanlanru aska r ctmekd i r. nu mo qsad le a~ag ldak l l11<:l sn la 1,lrin c

imi ha lli n p lana ak i lm i~djr:
rus dilino trk ll1 t.l ll~iJlt szliJrin kclll tJsi pro scs in bu
iki xa1q m tar ix.m b i r \.; m ~ mad"Hli , iqtisadi , so slal vo

siyasi ;)I:lqa lm i kontckstind izl;Jlllk;

<'i ~

--====-

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I FasiL
T RK i\la,,~aLi SZLDld" RUS nn.rxuo i ~ L<J I\~W
T . Ili x i \' :/ ,\ lii \' QE\' i
Tilr kku- in ruslarlamiinavibatlari ta ri xindon
Rus dilindo olan tiirk s zlurinin ';){Iq iqill\l. hurscvdan uvva l, b~ xa!qlann uzun esr k.r bovu dnvam cd.m qars thql r mnasibotla ri tarixindun basl nmaq laztmdtr. Hu tarrxru h.u bir d vruudi) dil pro sesi ardrcrl sa kildo davani ctdiyindan hor IlII" sivasi ~;)_
r.utd o bu n siyyet (ist:u iqti sadi . isto r Jlli. I<li.HlI vo s.) da"ll11 i xarak terda olmusdur. T iirk va slavvan d funmu qars rhqh olaqusi
lap qndim kcmisdo ;)I11;.:1 liJ gv ll1li~d i r. Olim ki. I nunillivi n SOIl l!.
IIm inilliyin ovvall orinda hu ur.rzido llliJsj.;lInlll ~111 1 ~ liir~ va slav-

yan tayfalan va xalqlartnm qarsrhqh ulaqusi bviik maraq kasb

~ irn . l

rus di lmin q udim trk ta yfalanm n - h un lar , xozorlor, bulqar, sabir vu s. dillari ilo qarsrhqh fealiyyeti iJ,) xarakrcriza olu nan iri
sla vyan tayfa birtikluri uin ya ranm as r d vr: 2) I X os rden XII

,ISI,' qodur -

ruslarla oguz-qrpcaq (poloves) tayfalan mn alaqosi

ilu xaraktcrjzu olunan qadim rus dvlori olan Kiyev R USUllll11
umulo galnu -si dvr: Hu dvrda qadiru rus dilmin trk-pcccncq
lurfiyi vo ogux tayfalan ile daha rnhkam, giiclii qarsihqh olaqoI,m m cyda na txtr: J) X II I .as rd a n XV vSIO qadar - rus dili na
qrpcoq-trk -lgovi clemcutlorimn gc nis d axi l o lruasr ila (x susilo monqolvisnla sr .zamam} xuraktcrizo oIunan d vr: bu d vrdo
Qml O rda hak imi yyuti niu ahata ctdiyi gcnis o raz ilordc q od im
rus diJi t rk qrpaq dilinin re'siri a lnna d sr: 4 ) os as trk xa lqla1111 111 va onlarm dillarmin formalasmast ilo. ha minin bu nlan n
ola qesi va su rq i slav yan xal qla n va onla n n dill a rin in qarsrhq h
te aliyya ti ila xara krcriza olun an XV I c srdcn XX esre q ad arki

d vr; 5) Hyk Oktyabr sosialis t inqilubmdan soma SS R xalqlanmn inkisafunn ycni SOS iaI sortlcri va onla n n qarsihqh milnasi-

di r: Ruslann tiirklarlu (pecncq va pol ovcs lor!o qtpaqlarla)

11~ ttl.mllsi ma'Ium oldug u kimi . Kiycv Rusu cpoxasmda bas ver11 11 ~dl : Moskvij RliS U ;1l11q Q u il O rdillll Vil bil' lpd,lr soma 0 17.11
On lan lll xarabaltqlan iiwrilld,l tlm;)J" g;J ltl1 i:;; ()a/all . 11;.l:;;finxall

ba tloriodoki ycn i co hot lor!o xaraktcriza o lun un d VO) . l Trk vo

slnvyan xnlql anmu tarix i, iqt isadi , cog ra fi, ctnoqr a fik va s. ca luuluri lu ifudu ol unan hu o laqosi ni E.M urzacv do dernek olar ki,
t:)'ni ~uk l d, ) lilsvir c t m ~ d i r: Ma 'lu mdur ki, K iycv Ru s dvlati
!lab crkull ort a ,-lsrlol'dv pccncq VB polovcsJ ~)r1,) (qlpaqlarla) SI X

. N.K. Dmitriye v bu tarixi bil$lilllglC I va nlaqularin soura ki

ink isa f merh o lo tenn; cox doqi qhk lu \',J bussns hqla tuta hillll i ~

V,) Slbir xanlJqlarll11 lalllYlrdl. I'vloskva RUSll il;) Tiirkiyallin qar~l iJ q ll mna sibatlu ri isu Kln lll x alll lg lnlll vasilDs ilu OllllU:;;duL
Nohayt, XIX ,)srou rusl<lr QafqazlIl vu Orta i\s iyalllil trkhxi la
bilavasita a laq')Yi1 girirJam.2
N.13aska.kov bu gclUqar$l llqll lll(illilSib\ltl,)rin illl\:i:;;afllldakl llla rhaliJla n duqiq gstol1n;lldiJ m;)SO I,lllin konkrcl hall ini do
vcr? .bilm i:; J ir: Rus Vu tlirk dill arinin qar:;;l llq ll f'laliYYtlti h('~
t arn l llla r!talad iJ lmyat:l kCUll q,)dim tarixiJ rnalikdir: I ) Cr<l111 1ZIIl birinci Dsrindan VIII iJsr\) kimi; y;)'ni $,-lI"qi i\ vropada q.xlim
I

J,'(I('>.,-al':(J

1/,,'.

lio'-"'''d}l
.1('''CIII':<1 ti
,...

"Cq,,{;. 0 1111.'''.'' //<"".,."<

.,... " 'I/.

tiJmasda idi. Rus dvli)tinill isa UZUll llur rzindiJ QlZIl Orda ila,
sonralar is\.) tlk X~Il1 ! l q 1a ]'] olan Qazall, H;)~t;) rxan, Sibir, Klnl11
xanlJq lan ih) ulaqiJsi val di. Nisba!'H1 somalar Rusi yanm trkdilli
ill1alisi il,) qar~l1 l qlJ lllul1 vurin,1Qafqa? xalqb n d<l dii$iirlu]')).2
Tiirk vn sl<l vyall xalq b n nlll tarixi , iqtisadi, clnoq rafik vv
cog raf sa hiJhll'iJiJ luCiJssm ohll1 an beld m iirekkob laq31urinin
Iilrix i m' lrh;dillilrini vu mahiyyvtini bir o x liirko loq ali m Jar, dclIl ak o l;!r ki, L'yn i $nkilda tvs\' r ct lll i ~ 1<::J L -'
( bl1~l

1.';0(1.'(1,;0,: " ..1

,, /lu.I'I.'a 1'. /985.

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19S3. ..\'./. c , IJ

1/JlJI l( e _

'J .,\{ (}I('/JI.'U IIWnmw.\lIII\". :ti . 1'J7./. ('. J60.

f;"['};m,,,,," 11 f . A>m>(. 11/1 . J;cl'ma.~"c'; TA. 11 ,)p . PaJml/llllJl u O(uA"'t/UlCIIU('

., '\/.11' I, /{' , :

- JI. l/umpu('(J /I h . ,,0 1II101'''cl.-Ul J.q..ICllllla,\

I! K CIlI/X1/; /Jl1O/X' ''' IH lI JI>I I.-06 . c.5(}<J.

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c 'lcm

l<1li.\lcmmmamlll

liJ

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" Jmf\wWI",I/{IC'III1C JlJbI"or. lU'pn06 ('( C/'\1"

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I

B izim fik rimi zcn, rus dil induk i trkizmlum d nva dil luriude bas veren sz al1111ll3S1 V,) mbadilosi \W)S i)I,lSI1l11; cyu i kirn i

baxmaq da dz olmazdr . Bu dild o miiuyyun yay rlrna arcuhn a

mal ik ola n baltizmlo- va fin uqor almmalarmduu fbrqli olaraq
turkizmlar IllS dilinin btn sivolo rindo zn gstorllliJkdi::ld ir.1
Rus diliudaki qodim trkizmlcr. bil' nv. oslinda nhnm a yox, rus
mhitind o assimilu olunan trk xalqlanmn dil yadigarla ndr r v ,
bu trkizmleru fakt kimi yanasmaq laznudrr.
Bu OX S IX claqedir, daqiq dCS3k, balka di) mayyan tarix :
dvrda trk madani yyatinin rus mudaniyynti iorisindu tam 5;Jkilde manimsanilmnsi, orimasi d vrdr . Rus diliudaki tiirk
mansoli s zter arq biza bu ma'Ium tarixin faku - sbutu V 18zahrlori tc'siri bagtslamahdtr. unki sonra lar, badiiliyin Iurkibino ccvri lmis sz lor - geyim adl an , silah adlan. YCI1l;.)k , adton'onclorto bagli adlar ~ indi rarixdir.?
Eyni zamanda, N.I3askakov bu alaqalarin daimili yini. qar~J1 Iq h xarakterini g starmukla bu tnn asibotlurin hartum fliliyini
to'min eden cehorlan dalia da duqiqlasdinuuyn ah sarnq lqor
alayi haqqmda dastan de is lenou 6<1>111, 6JJB<l1l (GOJJBi.tll) , n ne,
605JPIIII, vara , cafinn, '-IOJIKa, TCJICra, ccr.rsyn.
kimi trkizmlardan dam:;;arkan hamin szlarin q;)dim tiirk dillvrind;:JI1 allllulgmI gstarmaklv barabvr bu szJvrin, bil' ox tadqiqatl1arm
qey d etdyi kimi, takca polovcs-qlpaq dillarindclll dcyil , hum in in canubi rus llvrindki oguz tiirklorin in dilliJrJndvll da kcdyini gstorirdi. 3
Qadim Ruslar callubi rus l!'Jrinin tiirkcI dal1l:;;an Dil ,EI
xa lqI ilu - qara klobu klar, polo veslvr VI peencq lvrlv yaXll1
olaqada idil'3r,4 Tabi i ki, bu ii xalq qvd im Rus tarixindv v",
J AfepKY }WI!(I

R.A, K

1I1)()l I CJ1 C IWII !e U /l lI <l,l l!1 /O,' O iIlIOPKII3.1/il .JIIlII.H(I:JO.'lJJl

1985, ,IJ. ,

V a}Xu, 1988, c,8 1:86

Haqvc ~ T. Qadll/l y,uill fJIimblJli!rtio IXJ(bJJikla !<ili"(i/iytl; l'iJhd,lli. liirk dillulill in
{aZ/b allldillomw d31r l>!dqiq l1J), H , A DIJ n; ),<'I"I, 19<1'5 . s,7.
~, Z;CKmWI/ !l A. TIOPI'CKW I .7""Tllh'O IJ ('(',1o';c 11 11()I /h'V 1/,'OpCliCJI ;\L I/UYKIlI), 1985,
J AfclI."CC

K. r

B OC/IIO 'l ll b/C e.1(,M('II/I11,/ '/,

"CW(;C

1979, c,67.

0 IIO q"y

H,:opccl'N , H,

,,/I(I)'k'<l 'I,

taieyiuda vacib rol oynanus lar. J-J att a diu-inanclar b~ ~,:,rda milnasibot lora ta'sir cda hi unird i. Bu xulqlanu amali istirak t qa dim Ru styada siyasi hadisa lorin gcd i ~1i te'yi n cdirdi. Be,l,a "~i,
Ki ycvin byk knyaznuu druji na lannda qara kJobuklar muh um
mvqclerdo idilar; hatta lka nin herb vnziyya tinda on la~lI1 s~YI
30 min nofer d ysc ye ardt . 0 111ar Kiyev knyazlan ilo dsrnnnilik cdan I1.J S kny,azJanna va omarm mut tnfiqi kum anlara
qar~ 1 Kiyev knyaz lannm a u sadiq mttafiqi idilar .\ _ '
Sergey Baymuxanu netov yaz tr: filoloq va tanxr N:A. ~ as
kakovun terr ib ctdiyi trk monsoli rus soy adlan byiik bir kitab UIL Onu ovvcldan axira 'k imi nuza rdan keiron adam ista r-ista 1110Z fikra gedir istismar olan V,,) istismar eden lor. i:;;gal cdan ve
isal cdil anlar arasutdakt daimi qarsidurma, bir s zlu, esarat bcI;O~eyl;:--lr;) sarait yarada bihnazv.?
K eri tayfalar, brendeylar. torklar va basqalan - I qara
klobuk dcvilenlor.. . lap qadim zamanlardan rus qo~unlanl1ln atlt
blk larl,;ill tnskilinda csas mcnbu idi . XII asrda derne k olar ki~
biltn kny aziar z qos unlanna onlan calb cdirdi. ~uri Dolqoruki
do onl an de'vot ctmi sdi. Onl ann O Xl l xristianhga 11113n gatmuts-

di.'

Elacn do ox haqiqntlar i isiqlandirmagt vi::)d cdvn rustrk

alaqalarinin qadimJi yi cl;) bu ma'nada maraq dogurur. iinki h'3la Kiycv Rus dvlati tv ~k il olllnana qad\)r $arqi slavyanlar tr,k
tayfalan iJa qo n:;;uluqda va SIX tomas da ya~aY lrd Jlar. ox gen1~
olan bu alaqal;)rin istiqamath:wi z geni:;;liyi, h am da mxta liiliy i ilo d;) maraq doguru r. nki lap Pyot ra qadarki Rusiyanll~
ictima i-siyasi hayatmll1 bil' ox sahalvri 1rk (tata l') xaraktcn
da:;;IYl rdl. Bu, elilik (safirIik) qobul u maras iml<:)rindan, qaydaqanunlanndan ba$lamJ~, rus hak imlorinin knyaz titulu ila ya~
na:;; Lyksak X"'7.~)r hkmdar titulu olan xaqatm li itbvsi, adl da91111<11an vv s, faktlanndan ibarat idi; qvdim RusuIl bu xalqlarl~
I Ycnu 01!1(!.J. s,68.
,
'
: K nynz ~\'I, !l lcks/mdt NC1Ski H~ Dmitri {)oflsk oy kl JIJfI va IJiJYO ,u Jm el cdlrdilar'.'
Ddil!J')':I ! q ZCfI;
'A, }!1/0ilCh"lIil

12

27 :JvquSI.

1999.

IOp rui jJoll?oPY"lI1i, AI. 1955, c,55

13

byk Vu gcnis tienrot nlaq larinda trk dos n-xoui aorniird I

Arnq Rusiyarun. lu.rra XSUS" !l Muskvanm llli.lllil1ll -~tllik ['lrkibinde g r k~ ml ycrluri tin-k (tatar] tututas t fi kri tuxdiq OIUll l11 U~
dur . Odur ki. uzun d vrtor nrzi nda bu d vlat in idco lcji vo modo ni hayat r, dili. hotra sivasi mub arizuluri ti uk ndt 'alt lllchl tam
va o.bycktiv dark cdi!o bi lo r. UZ UJl rnd d atl i iq usa di . sivasi V\J
nrazi t~)ma s lan uencesinde rus V,) trk xalql aruu n muuyyuu q;)dar msterek lcksikonu olmusdur. Rus dilind o trk almmalarm da bir keyfiyyat srnly vardu ki, hu da trk nluuuularmm qadun ol ruastd tr.
Rus-tiu-k mnasibot lorindo bu alaqalnrin Qx ll01 va xmukIe ri no grc tobi i olmast sa ves indo turk to'siri al nn dn rusl ar trk -

Iarin naink i tokcc adnt-nn'annla rini , trk-tatar lllul:;;i3tin in mxtolif 1.".ri.)Jlvrini grrrdler, houa mo'novi yaxmlasaraq bu x<11-

qm di lins ba lad olub manims adiler. Trk dillarin dnn rus di hno
o qedar sz ViJ ifada kemisdir vo bu s zlor rus drli s z l ~~ I "l ll\) 0
q,)(l\)~' .Y H X ll1 1a ~ I1l \ ~ l a r ki, hal-h az i-da o nlunn hiiyk bir qrupunu
rus dJl I_l1d,~ xsusi SI. V,) ifadulurlu U\' i)1: cuuuk bc!o, utin dir.
EYl11 zamanda. kcan sz larinmhm Cj islllini cl iJ trkizlJ1 lar ta~ kil cdi r ki, rus dilll1d" d a l ll ~allltlr1 n oxu Cl szldrin lJ1 ~lIl~a
ca trk sz olduguna ~bha cd,) hili)r.
[ raml7.1n I-V III "srind,)n Kiy c" RU S ll varan(Jll a kim i olan
dvr ~.arqi sla\'Y'~ll dilina q<:1di m ir,1ll (sar m,;I, alan. a1lnmalan)
fin (ko 1ma tnpOll1111 ika Vi) hidrOllimika), adlq vv trk lcksik cIemcntl ari nin (IllS dillll(b bulqac Xi) ?,; lr a1l11l11a\al"l) rus d ilin,l !2:Clli ~ daxil olm alan i\,) xaraklcri z,) O!U llU r.2 BIl" Slr;\ Ill,)lilhll;ru
;)sasa n c!cnmk lllll1kCl lldr ki. lll,lsir Rllsiyanlll c;l1lu bund a crallllZl1l I1-Il l <:lsri ndu mo sku nl a~ n ll~ xalqlan n b a ' 7 il~)fi tiir k m,)I1 ~a li , yaxud znd" trk cJclllcntlri da$lyan xalql,lr idilm.:' C,' n' I( Ol IOl IOr! A .lf, /kmo/Jlifi

IIJ)"'IC ll ll fi III/Of!J.:C"1L1" !U IoIIIG

(!

r,,"'CI1U

CI",nIII'1<1I' I.." '-l l

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I

ki Att ila h krndarhg tua q;xi<:lr hiz Rusiya run ca nubunda hela
crarn tzdan uv vn l Il o sr da bura g al en hun lar impcriyasma daxil
olan qans iq xara kterli liiuv tayfalar cerge si gre bilarik.' Bu
tay falur iu risindu xazarlar xsusi la scili rd i. Xazarlarin gc
ba'zi tarixi anlarda gah Attila qosunl an qarsrsmda qmlirdrsa da
Xuzar xaqanhgt z chtisam uu VIII- IX asrlarda tam barpa cdo
hilmi gdi. Onuu gcni ~ arazisi b u zamanlar Avropanm canub .~ ; Jrq ll ll va masir Rusiyanm dcmok olar ki, btn Avropa hissosi ni ahatu cd irdi. ,,<I3u d vrdo .. .K iyev ruslau ge tdikca qvvutlunib Rus iyanm cnnublartna dogru urtmaga ba~laJm~dlr.
uvun z:unanla rdan bari t~ i r ox tayfalur ila muhariba etmis olau,
iakin amb -msulmau qosunlaruun hucumuna dzmeyorak aruq
IX usrdn qot i mug;lubiyy,)la ma'ruz qalau XaZDr d vlati da zaifl.unis V, ) nuticada. Kiyc~" 'rll slal Xuzar dvlutini tar-tnar ctmis-

l["2

I
I

By k Xozur dovlat i knyaz jqorun og lu byk knyaz

tnrufin don kdrldiikdal1 (965 - ct il) S011m ycni
llli;LlD llq lil r otun Vceuui ya V8 Rus (yunan irnpcratoru Vasilinin
ViJ rus kn yazi Sayatopol kun ri.Jhb<.)rliyi ilo) 10 15 - ei ilda axmnCI
X;JZ<lr x.a Cja nll11 ;,)sir allb Xi.4Zar dvl;)ti nin olub-qalan torpaCj\ar 1l11 b l ~d I 3r. Ruslar Don i)trafl biitv torpaqlqra, yunan lar K l

S\,\,(lln~l av

I
I
I

n ma sahib J:\cll lar.

Xaz i'Jrin squtundan soma bu yertaruv tiirk tayfalan olan '
pccncq y a llzlar grnr. Volqa va Y aYlk (indi Ural) aylan
hCl l11 cl;) YaYlk aYl11dan 0 taydakJ ycrIar X ils rad8k
cncq1iJrl,l do l 111U ~dur . Tarixi S;Jr\i)rdi) va badii yadda$lard a
D,)~ti-Q\ paq adl ili~ xat lrlan an bu vrazi lerdiJn ol1lar yen i tayfnlanl1 (quz.l ann) a XlllJ ija k cdib Dunay vv Don arnsmdakl ycrla r;)

ara~l1lda,

pc~

sah ib oldula r.
IX-X asrlar rus salnalll;)lorinda pecnc qla rin , trklarin va
XDZil r!,nin ruslarla Cjar~d lq1t mnasibvtla rinda n danl:;;lhr. Ha min
uS;)J"! Drd:.) polovcs v pccncqliJrin Ki yc v dvloti na sadaqi.1tla

f)[f()(), c 9 j ()

~ h", '~'(i"() (1 / f.A., ..fflu/i c ( ,' IJ.! f. 1.;" 1,11I<1"",'1; I :.,J.

.-" }U I ,}I" I .m ("'101/ J(/II.I/{ 'III ,,"';OIl I/II li J

JI , 'i/ l .

!'a I( ;U III II C 11 " " (J,"UIII I' i " W f'.lH 'I; ,, (CC !' /I ~'II II:ml l .1I0(h'U(' IJ"'i '

Ii J(,I ~' (J" IIOI" " l()(;

CC r '. ,.\E. "lIu l '"u >J / 9(,9. c. -I 'J-(,.' .

,,' (:,' ''P' (J Jlrnn' 1I""IW{;(' '' , ('. Il

I.' "3<1l1.'WoO.'WII('IiIIC !/J hl" Or: IIOI'(J ()"':

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x idmat etma si qcvd ol uuur. H am in uzaq znrnanl ardu o nlar Don

va Dncp r arastndak t arazi tarde moskun idil ar.!
Xezarlarm gcni s c raz erindo sarq i stavyanlann trk tayfa-

ij

'I

Jan i18 clan gcl kontaktlan ortava 1XJr. l3 u illarin salnamcl orindan grnr ki , Kiyevin ahal isi" arasmda trk ailaxinu mensub
olan dillardan biri - pccncq dilini ,1I11<::lJ i surotdo bilan adamla r
var idi. Byk rus knyazlan pc lovcsco dalll,;;a bihrdilur.?
Rus farm trklarln SI X Yil XI I 1l1~~ 1 1H l l dog llrd ugll uiaquinr su-astnda aila, qoh umluq hal lart gc lii idi. Ruslar qudim nirklu rlu nigah nlaqalari il8 do baglamr. onlar!n i-ia yasayan Pl) ]OVCS
(qtpaq] ailoleri no m a nsub qtzlurla cvlonird ilar.' Ya roslnv Mudrnun ne vosi, qa dirn rus knyazi Olcq Sv yatc slavi polovos xarurun q izt OSlIJka4 iln cvlenmisdi. Odur ki, oglcn lan - Sv yato sla v
Severskidan olan torun lan Iqor va Vsevo lod Sc vcrsk er (c lqor
alay r haqqtn da dasta nm asas qahrumanlarr} Osulkanm oviadlafl-torunlan saythr. Iqorun ogru Vladnu ir Iqorc vi do Kon ak xarun qrzi ile evlenmisdi. Vladimir Monom ax har iki cglunu>- Yurini 1107 ~ ci ilda va And reyi 1117-ci ilda poloves esilzado qtzlan
ila evlandirmisdi . Svya topolk izyaslavovi l'rl kiy (l 093- J 113)
poloves knyazr Tuqorxanm qrzt Yelenaru alrms dt . RH nigahdan
drd oglll - Mst islav , izya slav. Yarosla v, 13ryais lav, Pol~n V <)
Macanstan hakil11l,)rnin xannnia n olan iki CpZl olll1u ~du . Kiyev
: T j(.)I(.!1:HcmlJ'JOK06 l0f!KII J,1Ib I6 YK/ II7IIIICIWH. OIl O llilCll lllkT, AO flJj/{M. 1986, c. / 1/2
- Ba skak o v hiim llJill d il Sliilllfll/lV;j /h!illlll d ii { ulkc iJ)'ii )'3X;>1bJ/d OIdUl! UlIU l! starird / ' A6Il1op (CW (i (/ J> U />!.1 W lP01110 311OKO.l l C IllIOpKC KII. 11 .UIlIIn.11 I/fJc(k m~I(I,.Jr/;lIil, CKiI

J O 'l l/ hI.l lI l .

JII II 'ICCKIf.1II 1

ofrpa.?fl. HII , J f lf(/ IU 'I CCI': II..\ /I 1 ,'''P(l!I.1II1,

'1/)/ 0

.11O.lIc e m

!>IIW,

O&1JJlCIICIlO 11 pO!k I!l 6ellll l>l..\ 11I OlllllOUlt'IIJlJI.lIII ( /(;m op a C II llctlclll m;/ III h'.'I jf, ll l1 COO ' fJ I/II I'
c o C.'l rlrJf l IW J III !11lOlw.(WII.l 1I0pOJ Or, 11 11.7(,.1IC /I (/; " ("K(I"'Or, If. l io / JKo :ml j/('k'CII~-rr ti "C10 ce 0 1I0.1KY /:Jc:pe.6c". r.92). Bnsk.1k01' /liJtl.1 dilstaf)/Il yliradJlllwsm da CO,I'II' .!/ /,) q lpaq-

/nn ;><Jnk klim g ost,)nr:

C1 0 0 0 " KU l( .7lIJ11Cjlm Il YjJIIO C 1I/l(JII:J(;('(Je'Ill C COJ () U6(1 .,70Cb

0('-

I/ Otl e C06pe.Hem l bH Go mOjlY

Co661J11 lf if C ilCII O.-Jb 3 0(,"(III/If! .1I II CII IO/ JII 'IC CK II.\ Illlei)(flwil
j IOP OOII 020 /II (; op 'l e~!llIW fiVlYK II.Y . fl I IO.W l!lfP6 ( ) /iJ om~/:z. ,I', 'J'J).

B u baT<JdiJ B ar /)nc /(OIu)(; If.

I lOjJKCKWI.'ICM'Ul-:iJ

(! ,,( }/(J(!<' IJ

1I0.'/"Y 1/;'U/N b'' ' , (',95 -

96: KOilo lloe A,I I. /1cmop u JI 1l) .1" WIIIIJ/ /IIIOjJkD d /.l Jl Jl>fK()(] b' PO("1'I1il f/jUOK IJIJI6/!I>CkUi
Il cfiIlO) . H . ((I /oY I,:a I}, 1972 , c, 13- 1./: {({lpn.l ullII 11 .1f lICIIIO/illJI rocn)ojJciJI (l o Poc nuiCK 020. // -/ If K il. , c6S, 8 6. 266. ;\f" /991. 11.}fI/ O!;('ld l i , /O/mll /Jo.7'~OPYl-:llli. ,U .
1955: }falJko v 11 Jf. Rus I:m /nildc 5 0() lJ u /qdr- r;JI.1r ;I,IJ!IJ s/a k. ill;mbu/. /'J95. s,6 -7.
Osa/uk ~ Sc/IJk ~. Sc/c/uk ( OSli luk :I/iJll w . (m.i!m i ("dilm) dcmukdir /;m '!-:{/A'/)iI
'l i o jlk'CKGfI ,'W KC IlK(I (/

,(CU!!,'/' /) IIO 'lh-V //,'0/11'(,'('1.'. c .S7.

11>

ha kim i Ryurik Rost is lavo vi (120 1-1211) Beql k xarun qtzr il;)
cvlu nmis di. Moskvarun DSaS1l1! qoyan knyaz Yuri Dnlqoru ki birillei nigah da m nshur Ay apa xanm ! qizi i la evlanmisdi . Onlarm
o lu rus tarixin in g rkarnl i ~ax s iyye tl mind;:m biri clan Andrey
Yurycvi Boqolyubski z da Bulqat sahza asi ila cvlenm isdi.
Qardaslan loan, Bor is. Yaros lav (Alcksandr Nevsk inin atas r) bu
niga hdan dogu lm usdurla r. ilk Moskva kn ya zt Dan il A leks~nd
roviin byk og!u Y uri Danilo vi (I 325-ci ilda olnrilsdr) . Ivan
Kal itanm qnrdasr, Alcksand r Nevskin in navosi, Moskv a krryaztUIL 0 tatar-monqol destayi ilo Vladimir knyazbgr ugrun da Tvcr
knyaz lan ilo inad h mbariza apanms dr. Tatarlara ox yaxm 01musdu: qiidrutli zbok xantn bactsi ila evlanmisdi .
.
.
z kklerinda tiirk-tatar cslinin oldugun u rus $axslyyatlan
bu va ya diga r tcrzda a kinm udan e'tiraf ctm isler. Zira tarixi
hadis o tor va rca i keern is bamisa yaddaslardad tr, rusun ZI1;)
mansub kccmi si !e bagh tarixi faktlardtr : Bun min Anten almalam hckayosinde oxuyuruq: bJ1CJ-UlhJU CBCT pannero II O ~ 6phCKoro
yrpu 03ap51 CT upocro C ronuxm CTCHaMH Ka6Hl-ICT, )KCJlTbIC 1-1
JaCKopY3JlhIC uxypxx J1 J-1CJIJ ~ nnzt I(p03a1'bi0 H opcnacryro dmrypy B urapo uapax 11 pacnoac au uo KOCOBopoTKe, a ~ Jep~a.Il.c
oTjJ<nKnC1'C}1 3acliaJlliOC JII-1UO TaTapCKoro CKJlana. Bunm adl rus
h<Jyat llllll \I ;) I1lS m ai~<Jtinin b il' <ln liq verir. T;:)bii olmaq h ar
rusda nmmi bi l' tatal' kk grr. Kup rin yadda~ l ard a va ham
do toqJagm kksiind<:J mh r kim i qalan bu izlar haqqmda ex~
va vaZlr: Y alt<i dan gct(h kda m;::tn Ryaza n qubemiyasl me~aI8n
IF ) J ii ~d li lll . Orada hcyn,)tamiz mllarmdan tatar , Imtta polovcs qadimliy i vtr i gl<.) n ycrla rd;::t torpa q\an i~18d il11 (29 dekabr
1901-c i il), Kupl'in rus xar akterinin ba 'zi c8 hatlori haqqlllda
d~nc;::tlari n J ,) ycna rL1SUlJ kk ndaki monqo llllqlara j~ara edoruk yaz mll: H e CKa 3hlBaJI OCh JlIj 3)lCCb Ta n p H M e CL KO'ieBoi:j"~IOH
rOJlbC Koi- 1<])013 11, KOTOpa51 6POLUH B Ka)J<llOM PYCCKO M? (<<cDapaolIorm lJJI CM5I ) . Qeyd cdak ki, yazll Ulli i boyu ana tal'a fdon z
I /1,]('/';1 (;'.1'
K(I

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r. "C70(ie 0 IIO'!"'Y

( Y YiJ mill ;!C! ii{ 1i.lJ7 l1a,I I!I . 8a.\ : EaCK(l Koa 11. TIO{JKCKQfI ..l eKCIi n'op eGe .

c 75: / ly q lil - Dn c{Jrqlppk/arJ Xi/ni).

17

--====--

~s~ i n i.n tata r a si lzad o si Kulunako vlarrlan oklug uuu qrur ta qc yd

cdi rd i. Bu soy nd uun t rkcu kul unnk-baln r n al. g " IIlC at mo'na-

lnyyatda I11VCUU ola n fiku'la riniu ak sino oIaraq dcmaliyik ki,

mcnqol-tatarlar isg a l ann Z modaniyyetin dan xeyl i daraceda

srnda oldu gunu da gstnrirdi.

Tat ar-trk kok ;ti ito usm -dasan , trk ruhurn a srlnrca
sax laya bilan e ski Moskva mhit i O Il UI1 tatar nb-havasr masirlorinin tesdiq ctdiyi fakt idi . SllllI"flOva-Rossct yazrrdr: KIICCJIC B
cxaaan: Iiynymcc P OCCIIII na tere . a IIIIKaK uc B Moc KBa)TO Tarapaa.' Rnsiyanm gcri qahuasuu he tta onun tatar chkamJl lt' l,
tatar sstly ilo baglavan qorbilor cia olmusdu. A . i . Tll n!CllC\~ 7
sentyabr 1836-cl ildo Vyazmcskiyn yazrrdr: B ll X ~H" c<:) llli la rinin
arnq Volqa ayr ite Nijnidnn Saratova zdklori ni Vi.)~bllJ1 1 1l1 Avropa cim ViJ madiJlliyya tinin bah mlnri ofd ng un u. dah a o bra zh

yksekda durun rus muduniyyutinin xarakterine hor hansi bir

nozere arp ac aq da racoda h c bir ta'sir g sta nno m isle r va gstora da bilmaz dilar. ! Maltif bunun ardmc a rus dilindo QIZI I
Ord a cpoxas mdan qalan bil' nca dil faktmt e't iraf cdirsa da askar
hnqiqa t o lan faktin - bu sozlen n tiirk modeni yyatin in stnlk- .
lurini nmayis ctdire n s zler old ugun u nezcr en qamr. Dzdr . rus dilina monqol-ta tarlann gnrirdiyi aynca s zlor dax il ola
lulmisdi (mosalon: caap. 6a WM<l K, aum s, xadrrau. ap,",ulK TIO(1IRK. 'rapxau, eY"Jl)'K, 'ICpJlaK, KOJllJaK, xyiuax va s). Rus maddi
madani yya t osorle rino Sar q ma da niyyati nin to'sir i h iss olunsa
da. bun unla yen as t tarunuu la aydmd rr ki, rus rnodaniy yo ti z daxiii osuslan zar inda iukisaf ctmis, monqol-rararlar ise bu inkisaf b ll g ilJ1li ~l i.) r . 2
LA.KnlovlIll Fransad a na sr olunan te msillerini ikici ldliyina n s zde tari xi alim Pcdc-Lemonten in ru s diliuda ki tiirk

ol a~aq , VOIt.~f S k~tt~lI~ vatouinin Ka ramzin V \) Derja vin in yurduna inayot gstardi yini qcyd cdaruk yazrrdr: Taraprnuua He 1>10accr non ro YCTO.SlTh II pOTII8 yrOJlLJI Or o llbnl a IIIOTflall)ICKOro; 011
np occr eii rn aaa, " OU" npO.SlCIHITCR (B ax: Jhrr cpar ypura! Ap T.I. lvI -lt, H J)t . AH CCC P. 1938, c.gS). Tat arl!l<.l llllsrasllII
Rusiya I1 bola hcsab ede n Turgenev a s lindo. Karamziu va
Derjavinin ele onun z kim i trk asi lli olmalaruu da unutmamah v tatar mirasmn dahn obyektiv mnasibotda yunasmah idi.
K CDI1 e snn anOl~ i l~l brr miial lifi d a 2 Rusi yanm Qrbd an ge!"i
qalmasmm se bebllll tatarlhgm m hun da (dux tata~n a) griib
y az l rd l: 0 ml~ ~
~r1 an~1J n tatar xanlannda n g trdiiy qorxtlnc mh ni S lctllllal d o vl<)(1 ve Ill ;) i ~\)t ha yatllla hOIKlIl nadanlIq
zorakll igl dogu rmll$dur.J
X 1l8 :

nI:

Rus s i:i l i~asi.)'a s llld a liirk da sli-x<''lttini, to'sin ni, Y(l(Jigarla-

fI .11J

so~ c" lan xlJn , har zam;m inadla inkar cll1li~ la r. Rus nmda-

l1Iyyetlilm yaradtlmtlsmda, b\lfJla c<! ilma sinda va na haV;J t Olllln

i n ki ~a r etd irilmas nua trkn rolullu V ;) xidlllntini inia: cda n
tedq iqatrla\ ~n ad~ faktl<ll"t . ocla gr1ll3mazliy", vllllllaga a lJ~
m l ~! a r. Ba 7,1 bUiJ ua lvdqlqallannlll bu giin'Kla k xarici ad;:)-

i'

: C I1/,/Jl/06G- PrJ(:cemA

IJOC"WWIIWI1IH _

1111<.....,07 ..IIJJ(1(l("'", ,\flX:K('.a. 1990. c_159

- 1!<J/;l l~ 7:Jlnan hu fI1lw111fin ,-'"m 'il".~o,i, hll/llJ(;ifM..-J.-iri ('.t.J,L~IC1 ofdlliUlIII hi~.~ ct~1JI.~d,'"r. /J.n: IIp{)' I('''''''-' /11 IIJ _ .t/.. ~ ,1/".W,)tlH....."pV/l>,,,_I ;' . l'.)(i7. .~ 74
Jlm"hIH " "-06""" H. r eP' I"" IJ. "-1/. IIptJ.treme lil 111 02 - 1 / ')1. (" 76_

monsal i s z le rin varhg uu sb ut eda n rn ddealan na qa rs t

A .P u ~

kin Sov rem cn uik jum uhnda i./\ .Kn lovlill tam sillerinin tnrc mosino e-b. Lcmon tcnin n sz haqq uida adh maqal a ap etJ InllBk!\) lxlr:
Ca llah LCJll onte nahaq beli) d~ n r ki. tatarl arm hkmn:mltgl ni S di Ji ze rinda hr pa s sahb get mi ~dir. zg dil qJimc
Vil yangm\nrla deyi l, z zanginJiyi va stiinli.iyii ila yaYlla biler.
Nn edabiyyatl , IHl tie<It<l li, n<1 0<:) qanunlan olmayali baroarlarm
kar i qnbilsi bizOJ ycni szIur talab cJ un hansl yen i ma nlllmlan gatiri) oilar? Olllallll hiicUJllll mada n inli lari n dilinda hc
bil' iz bur<l xll1aI11J ~ va bizim ata-babalartJ nJz isa iki ;)sr mddati n<Ia tatar ziilmii altlllda inlnya rkvn, rus all<J h ma yeni3 de alla di!indu dlla el l1l i ~, qorx uncvhkmranlara hu dild\l la'nvt OXllIllU~ V1)
bi rb i r i l~l bu dilu i) dardli) ~llli~ \i)r. ... Bu IllDsa!<-) ilo lll ~ g t1 I oImaq
1 ~~ll /(m"'-"1 A.I). C"_llll"lfi .-1 11 (}It"'"'' U"I/WIJI//l p'1"("(""O "".1"1""'.'1 '1>1 IX - .U "6f;
.\ /.. ..II' ''J<'' :C'lU<'' w .". 198-1. (". 115
! Je",' 0 1'''//;1, c l 15..
19

'

bizi ox uzaqlara apanb ixara bilar . Lakin har halda rus dilmo olsaolsa ancaq alhya qadar tatar sz kea bihn isdir (Bax: A.C.llyullnm.
ITOJIllOCc06paHHC CO'IHHClJllH B tuec ru TOM<lX) T. 5, c.24-25.
Puskirtin eserl-:.nin d ilinch I nuisahidn etdiyirniz trk mousali s zlerin rus huyaunm bru saholcriui ubare cdan va rus dilinda mhkom ycr tutan Ig':1VI vahidlnrdan oldugu ezaru al1l11.
Bu me qsa dl., cypry -r , aJTThlH , tuann an, eau, ap6a , arnuan ,

Rus dili nde klli mi qd ard a trk mansali szlor uzun ZDmanlarda n ba ri istar tik inti m ateriah kimi . istorse da obraz
rnanbayi , kiuii islunmi s, tarixi -siyasi va adabi-medani vaziyye tlo sortlon orok reaJ tarix i hadisolori cks ctdirm isdir.
Oslindo. dilleun qarsr bqh e laqas i zama m bizim dork ctdiyimiz mn'nada stn dil , te'sire ma'ruz qalan dil kimi aks
anlayts lann fvq nda cla bir te 'sir V;,) sutnlklc r vard u- ki, hu

xapaaan, a pa , 6 YJltlT , KYp l"31-1 , JtHRaH" x ap anzt aur , CTa-

biaim altsmah o ld ugu m uz stn . hertarafli, qa bil, zeng in dil ti-l-

au, K3311a, apm-nc va s. kimi madani- iuzibau; wlp' la, amen.

KOJInaK, urapoaap , fiautxrak, Ka6JIYK, aTJIaC, xapxtan , cnan-ra,
uamra, cepra. fiatnmax, Tm/na, xon'rau, 6Yl-l'IYK, ar arun . knn acan, lllI-HIJaK, 51HhI4ap, orarup - Ir arbi ta's irleri bariz aks ctdiren nmunelari gstormak olar.
Puskinin Byk Pyotrun ara bi esorindo adi bir cmln
soraitinda trkizmlarin monz cras.na fikir vcmk :
(jJpallUY3cKIIi-i xaxrepuaucp ncnan eMY Galll:muw c pacHhlMH Ka6JlYl\al\1H, r onyue Iiap xarm.r c ,llIT 3 I1 b l , poaoau
x aqrr a n, l1lHTbJH. necxaxm (Puskin. Gstarilau oso ri, 111 fasil )
burada tasvircdici asas komunikativ vasitalar - basmak. kabluk.
barxat, stan. kaftan - trk mensol i szlan n rus dilindo bot'u gu.
cyni zamanda trk mensoli s zlrin bu dildu rolunu va m vqcyini gsterir.

suvvu rloriylu alaq nsi olmaynn kcyfiyyutdir. Bu, trk sxlor inin
rus dilindo yaratdtgt hum sehrkar, ham cazibali , hem de ox
maraqh ekzot ik bir diinya - b ununla yanast trk s zlorinin daxili
siqlorinin, iimuman trk tvfakkr terz inin stnlyiL qolabesi
idi.
z dvr nn g rkemli adamlannm, 0 cmlcdon , Jukovski,
Vyazcmski, Puskin. Qoqol, Lcrmontovun dostu olan. znn
agh, zakast. g C ll i ~ d nyagrs ilo masirlariui hcyran cdan impcrator sara yr freylinasr AJcksandra Smimova-Rosset (1809 1882) Bizim dilimiz trk- tatar ifadalariyla doludur - deya ya-

TaJ...n-a,

T rk

mJ n ~ <J l i

szl<Jrin r us-dililld.) mvqcyi

Gah dine, gah da d~ma nljk xarakteri alan rus -trk ,)Iaqol;,:)ri va mnasib;,:)tlari etnogCl1CZd ~l va m vd~miyy;,:)tda, mc'marhqda v;,:) ornamcntlarda, cv a~yalan va adat- an'8n al;,:)rcla, lllvi~;)
tin ba'zi dctallannda , dac;) dv rus d j[inin IgBt tarkibin d,J: rus
salnamalarinda v;,:) iqor alaYl haqq Jl1Ja dastanda , hcy vandarhq
VQ ovuluq tcrlllinlarinda, familiya V,) I,lqablrd , toponim, h idronim vu s. s3x laml11 ~ kiilJi-miqJ ar ~vrq (ba~lIcasl t1'k dil!mind;,:)n) ahllmal3rt yada sal3q. 1
I KOH Ol106

I1CIII OpllH II J)" teIlWI 1II10pltClt llX H 31>1/{O(! I] f'O(TIIII (OOOKIWIP bC Hlli Ilepl/ -

od) , c_9

zudr. '
Pus kin aorta uza q lasdmldtjh paytaxt hayatmdan, dost lann -

dan tr darrxrr, srgn olundugu K isinvovdnr qardasma yazir

ViJ to'kid cdirdi : .. . Mana arkaz qtzr istominadan yaz ki, onun
arxasmc a Qafqa z osiri kimi srnrdiinm . Bu ifadDIBr sairin
Qafqaz asir> pocmasmdan soma mctaforaya cvrilmi$di va
Pu~kjn z da bir ox masirlari kimi bu ifadodBn tez-tez istifaclv cdirdi . P u~k in in vrkaz qJZl rus pocziyasmda $arq gzalliyinin ~) n ' <) n avi sinonimina cvr ildi vu milli mvnsubiyyat bildirvn hu sz qadlll kamilliymin simvolu kimi dark edild,.2 Pu~k in
daim sevan, yanar, co~qun rayi ni bir vaxt ;,:)sir ctmi~ An na KernD 1825-ci Jida yazm h: Man sizi mqvddvs surat la1'dv gracaYiJm va Bayronun idcah olan Giilnara vv Leyla SvndBl1 ilahi oJa
bilminlan>. PU$kin Y cvgcni Oncgin poemasmda va bir Slfa
1 Cll11j1IIOCil -l 'o("{'(!/II
2 lo.lIClICrJ

20

A.O BOCIlO_H WIWIWI_ 1111("6." 0.

A Bm..p },<' IlYWKI I/IO _ !Jalty. 1989, c_85 .

21

AfOCK rJO,

~ / lpwJdGlI. 1990. eST

se'rl c rind e B ayron u hmra ncneu Jlcibn.r. ncnc u rlOJIJtapbm

adlandmrdr. nun sc'r lari nda Lcyla- scvgjli. mu'suqo obrazlan na xidmat edir (OT ~lC WI BClW Il J1cilJI3 PaBlJOl lYlIJlI O YXOlU1, ya-

xud, 5I rens

30B)'

5I )JUt)' Jteny vc s.). i. 13unnin Mqnddas-

la m hekay esind a qaca xidma ti Arscni aga usaqlanna uzaq

kccmislarde n nagtlvari ahvalatlnr syloyir. Bu hckayutd.. Sumaxi ipeyi, Sehrizad nag tlp> kimi khnu epiterlor hadisolorin
tesvirina do qadimlik, e srarongizfi k verir, tb-kcan gnlcrin

trk ruhu hopen tebi i sa h na iann i canlandmrdr. Kazaklar,

Hact Murad , Scvastopo l hcka vol ori , M csa nin qmlmast
Vu s . kimi bi rbasa Qafq az , 0 cum lnda n t rk-mso lman ho yau ilo
bi levasite bagh Dso 1']8 1' va radan L.N .To lsto y br n mru boy u
Serqin bitib tu ke nm a yo n zu ngm fo lklor XDZlll l.iS11lU muraciot etmisdi. Hele 1 8 62~cl ilda pcda qoji j umala alavu ola raq CYB I aul a
da rxan Yasnaya Polyana kitabasmda iki arab nagrh dure
olunmusdu. Hc kay al ar M in bil' gcce nagrllannndan g trul msd.? Y az tuun Krcyscr son alasmnd a XV fasi l I'ozdnrsc vin
qisqanc hq haluu , psix o log iyas.m n ks ctdira n m on o loq u bclo
ba91aY111111$ - (bu mntn axmnc i rcdaktay e d smcmis): 51 np nny\ 13..JI nee castue Jl CB03 MO>K llblC 1IJlyrn l1 c ce CTOpOllLI. 51 nol10 3 p e BaJI cc B TOi\.I '-ITO , COllceT110 eKa3aTL, '-ITO a lla, KaK 3T a ua-

PHua TL10l'-Ia H onua no-n. 113 r-.1 ClI 51 CT

xnr c J/O l..JTIl Ha MOI1X rna -

3ax, ClI1C51Ch n a).l O M Il OIO . 13llllun[a To b tay na glilll b(l~lallgJclJl da

kl hckayatdv $ ;)hr iyar ~ah V IJ qarda$m naglima lllraci,11 Cl111,)kJ;J
rus Pozdl11~evin ruhi haY<lCamllm diJrIll[iyini, onun rus psixologiyasma yad oLm $arqi qlsqa nclIgllll \)sa~la nd ll111aq Il vcnn i$dir.
A .cxov 9 oktyabr ] 888 -ci i[J;) D.V.Q riqo ro via yaz m[ l:
Yay! m a n xarqlndu kcirdim . Klllm a, BalU1 na \/Q l3akIya gctdim .. . egar man Qa fqazda ya$as aydun, orada ancaq nagliJar yazardllll . Ecazkar lka dir.
T rk he yat tiJrzi, clnoqrafi k.kcyfiyyutl<'lr, szlH r. rcal iyalar
rl.1s ic timaiyyatina t a l1l~ id i. Ostrovskini n N e ot mira scqo <JS(J G il/m i n i BaY l'On ll lJ Kun;m>, 1,(1"/;1 ,,(ia l' lJr>! poclIla/ani/1/! quhrullli/li/;m'!lr.
, Ba x: JeiiJelllllJP :J.3, Jo.~!>".wp /iOpoJoc BOC/!/OKO c mcop'wcl/l rle J {, f!. TO,'IC/!/INO,
"CO(I{'JIICKO(' flocll1onm"elllu'>J, 1'J85. .'\p6. c,57-65.
I

22

~ -===---

nn in suratl erindon M uru qo vun ni tqinda trk ha yat tarzini and tran hi r nc a tr!OZ1l1 islu unak la: Ho KCCHH51 B aCHJILCBlIa, Mb l
)JOiBCM IIC R roprax, He B xufirrrxa x , IIe B marpax - e sline yurt,
kibitka (strtt trk arabasr) va sater - rus d i/inde oxdan i~ ~

lonen trkizmleri hilarakdon islatme k!a medani hoyaun varhg11l1 digor qcyri- si vil huyau k ori hoyaun, anima yaxsr tal11dlgl
heyaun atributlart ili:l mqayisada canlandmr .
Xalqm tanxi, Ol1l111 hnyaunda, inkisafi, maddi modoniyyati
nmunularinda V8 cd obi ab idolarindo, senedlorinda Vu olbouo
dilindo e ks olunur. Tarixun ru s di !i iin anlasiqh olan, onlann
bo lad oldugu pasa s z rus dilindo tam qavramldrgi ndr
ki, zaruri, bo'zi hallarda isc ovczcditmcz vahid kimi zn gstarir.
M.Lenll nlovl.1n qazab va reossfla yazdtgt Olvida, nlvida , kirli
Rusiya se'rinda isla tdiyi pasa sz nn maraqh taleyi vardtr.
Hbllll b ..1tO.JfCCIIl,
C OKjJOIO Ch

(JIII

3Cl cmenou Ka6Ka3a

lIleOIlX nGweu

Ov ve lki nns rlar dn pasa e voz ina gah ar, gah vojdg (ro hbar) szl ari i$!;.lnmi$, nah ay at pasa s z n n islenmosinin
inand mcth gr (sairin masirl a n de pasa isletmi s) naticas inde
Hl sz qalnusdrr. Odur ki. .se'r 1890-Cl ilde 3-c nesrda (el'yc.:rm H apXHB, 1890 , KIl.3 , .Nal l } aruq pasa sz sa xlamlmaqla
~l p o lunur . B os ~J i ri ll /m ndml kcull illar orzindu dayi~an
variantlar haqqmda 11;) dCl11uk mmkndr? Lermontovun ha yat
V ;) ya rad lclhgmm tadqiqisi .L.Andronikovun fikrinca, pa~a sz krm8 l11e'naS1l1 ua lllo'nasma daha ox uygun galir. EI<J bu
ma'nad a da XIX as r rus bvdi i dilinda i~lanmasi nadir hadise
dcyi ldir. Gel1s enin di lind,,)ki p a~a cia hak im, m stobid, h<J111 da
alaq niyy a tli m a 'mur ma 'nas md <lch r. Onun DhIJlOC H .LLYMbn>
os a rinde qu bcrnalor Tfayc vin pa~a adlandmll11as l onun evli
olmasma bax may araq BYY8 $hq ctnmsi , ixtiyanuda o lan qadmlara
hv rem xana m nas ib;Jti va f;]dJ cdi ld ikda kin sa xlamasl onun
mohdud d ~n cBsi iJ<) bag h dlr. 1
IIMx:IlPOK()(!J!>('If!J. rep1fCIi, )f{3.!/, AI,

Mo.wJafl'~6(JpJwl>!, 1987. c. 95

-I,

'. i
,I

-I
1

Hom do 11<:}I" ~CY l ~mn (gz), har ~CY l estdan (qu laqlar} atributlan pa$a sznc nisbaton ar soz i!e az alaqnlanir. Bu Frazcolcgizmler scmantik caltntdan pasa (jandann ) obrazma daha
yaxmdtr. Sc' rin Azarbavcan dilina turcmusi za111<1111 pasa s znn be min ma'nada anlasrhnnyacngtndan clu iyat cdiluruk hu vahid m sta qi l yox, ifada ctdiyi janrdarm szn 11,1 birl ikdu isluurnisdir:
Qafp17 (bjjfanlJl al~'lb hu/ka IJJDIJ
hlJu!!lnl1-jJ,7j"a!au!:lllo/amIIlIJI1J,1l

(torciima cdan: Mommu d Ra him )

Lermontov ise pa$a,) trk szn tesadufan islc tmomisdir. Lcnuontov milli xaraktcrlari bir-birindnn diizgim fcrqlendirdiyi kimi, s zle ri da mil}i dairada va ruukan ar ivasinda isledirdi!
Lev Tolstoyun Qafqaz, dalia duqiq dcsok bu ycrlcnn trk
mhi ti, xsusan trk va tatarlar yasnyan ycrlnrlu bagh msahidoler asast nda yazdlgl asarlcriu dil materiah zro m,JYY,,1I1 linqvis tik nc ticol er ixarrnaq mumkndr. L.N .T elstoy 185 1- 1857ei illard a Qafqazda harbi xiclmutda olmus, yerli xnlqlara qar$l
horbi amniiyyatlarda, claco de Krr un mbaribasindc anil lcriya
zabiti kimi i~tirak ctJll~oi. Onun Kazaklam va HaCl Murad))
<:lsarlvrinda 1115 dilind<:J i~lemm iimumi tiirkizm!vrdon ba~qa l<YIJal" l<aM<ll<, ,nJKllnrr, 6al11'Y11l (dilvni), nCllll<Cm, ",ITCP (q8tJr),
' i 'i)laB , TynYIl-16aC3, r:YPJlJ (korda), ailT, j\I10PlI)~, j\lyplllll )~, 6aii. ' ~ I , KIUYlK, 6YPYll (cogral tcnnin) , llYKCP (lllii1Jafizvti), cap,l(ap,
:,:n6, '-/(lI<aJIKa, cenCTKa (s<'Jbvt) ... ycrl lrk SZlJri llliiasir dvr
il,~ljll na alilq ckzotik, I1v d<:J lllulmlli szlurd ir; bunlar illdi rus
lillllde ki mumi trkzml:Jrl qan~llll ~iar.
A.Blok yazll ivan Bl1ninin slubunda $urqlll alvan r<:ll1giJrinin sch irkar p;mllilannl, ID'Sl rli cb.olikaSlll1 V,) $;)rqin br-

kiilii agu sirlarmin mammalartm oz b ildiyi tak scze rck hu

mnasibat la yaztrd r: Biz qob ul cdirik ki, Lcrrnontovun , Polon-kiniu Z Sarqi olntusdur . Buni nin da znn canh, fardi vo
ilahil asdirdiyi Sorqi olmusdur.! Lakin oxlan Bunind a , Kuprindo Sarq scvg isini yanl rs olaraq masir epox adan akilib gctmak kim i qiymntlandirirdi lar. Oslindo. Sarq znn a srara ngizliyi ile oxlan kimi Bunini de takca an'anovi ekzotikas t ila
deyil, ouu daha ox larixi rniianuu alar, falsaf darin likde ekilen
dnya qayglsl kim i calb edirdi . EIa bil, tarixdan qopub aynlawc] minillik agll yuxuva dalmts Sarqin sirJi, lal skutu Bunins
m asir diinY:11111l ha yncanlartnd an, Oerb in burjua sivilizasiyasirun dcyiskan dinamikasuidan daha naraha t grtmrd? Bunindoki Serqo znn zvi, irsi cazibesi (M.Qorki) a lbatto, teb ii
olaraq Bun inin k klii yaradrcrh q maraqla n ila - onun Rusiyanm
tarixi kcmis ina baxrslanyla, varcninin indki va go lec ey i barede dsncalariy!a bagh idi. Tyr nna Ey1H1H a npoxonana pOKOuan MCJKa, rnc na npo nDK CHH I1 xmorux nexcn CT aJl KH BaJlI1 Ch, coccncrnonan n

I. '

/l :'i i r h :l _\'(': m

'J(, . .' . 13

24

in/i ,blJ:\;I//. /\:';11-1>. 1),";1)" /1\',- ,,, //) )',1/1.

B3al1l\lOnCJlCT130BaJl11 nBC pasn op ozmoe UHJmnl1-

lap9111111~dl.

Onun Faryad) heknyasind,) qiS111;)tO, taleya inamb boyun

UYlll b;:)dlmxt atanln, ogl d3rd i, itirdiyi ozizlarina, dagIlml$
ailasina olan 1118Zlu111 sevgisi bu saf, sad8 h oyat tar zindol1 oxox uzaq o1<:m yazl l1l1 riqqvta gvtirir. G;)111ida ki laqeyd, yek oxana, sarxo~ rus <1sgarlmini it adlandmr, bu b8dbext trka rag b,){ V,) n1<)h,)bh,lt];) yalF!~i;-, anu i.izLiniin q,J111 ortagl Z8nn edir.

';;<111I11 ()lIr!l:II1UI . '- '-/lll . !/ I/') '

II

sauuu.
Bunm in nosr yaradic thguun dema k 01 ar ki, btn qadm
qahrumanlan goznldirlar V;) onl ar senetkann m ssam firasr ila
tasvir oluuduqlart kim i calbediel scrqi gwlliklara rnalikdi rlar.
UZl11l huyatun vvvalind;)ll axmnadak Bunin m l~ aqqa t lo
1'8 111drik bir sabrla dZl1l~, l;)rkan zna hnnal oy adacaq
bir tarzJ,) - ziibagiJ :;;a;'qi adat b ra 111iivafiq d;)fn olunmag 1111

- _. _- -- - -

) f}iH : / ,:..!, W

( '0'11'"1111<' C O' lII/ WU If/I. 11I.5 . ("

- A.f h ,m){! UI

'op "nlli 11 Ik

Hl'IlIIlI . '/1"

1-12

(. (OrlCIII(I:!IIIIlIICGlJlf/lb l>,

25

1973, (' 25 7.


Hekaya da ki trk n qanh muha nbudu iu rdiyi og lun un ach
Yu sifdir, Y azi r BU Il IJl bun U da bihr. ogul dord r ilu uec a -und uz
iz tira b ekan Y aqub u d a. timum bu su ri ctiqa dd a kk salan azul i
insan facie smin 0I1 ;~ lllgllll da. uundo \'OX s" ya hall;JI" cums
yazrr onun Z de rdun rus osgarl ori no bil' sorq Isliqanhllg l va
acrq ilraklih yi ila ncca nagll ctdiyini, asgerkm nsa onu dolayib
ale saldrguu grd kda iki rasov vr. iki z idd olan (m iiqa yis u bu
toraflerin biriui n xey rino o hn asa da ) q vva grr. G" I1lJ Istan bulun yanmdan geen kcark an onun s rrl i. nagrl va ri gzi:l lliyinll1 50yuq, dardli fonunda ara derdde n. tztira bdan scs i ki:}sil;)-ka sila:
~c Yu-suf)) - dcye agmr. Onuu oglu nya lotdon gulib qan h harba
lsianbuldan yola d~lll~u . Yazrr Bunin Orobisum bilir. A/.OJrbaycatu n qanlr ca bbel c ri dil 01<1 hilu rdi . Y azrr atanm zii qo dur
m tuassi r olm: ... tIT O Cj J.CJI'lJl CTall GYJJ C cm 1IIIJ.:oMY 11(; lIYA, 1I0 i j

:lKaJlKOii II\II JlJblO IJ C npcxpacuoi i ~IOJJ011OCTbl0 IOcml,a. IJ oro 0

II CM , 0 ChIHe, pacc xaausan 011 xcx omeumu PYCCKII M CUaKJ M!

([iYHJ IlI. Copan uc COYlI lI CHlll 1'.3. c. 167).

Yazti Kuprin in Sorq scvgjs i, rrk eh tirnst onun anam
tatar knyazr K u lun ak xan uaslinduudir - h ara y t ilu baslayrr.
Y. az .ll ~vrqi grkvmdv gBZJ r, pa y tax lda q"rbu grLi ni:}1l trk a"c~111ll, xiiS US;) 1l fV ugl i araq ll11 ilO:} h" r kasi h cy rvtla lld irird i. Kup1111 ~,)rq a, trk hayatlila S0I1 S11Z maraq busluyirdi . Uil maraq va
aludal ik Oll UI1 ~a rq ruIm hakim olJn Sulamif, <<S !cYlllan m ulduzlaJl)~, Qisll1 vt>, (Kismet), K lrJl1lim, f.,'1acid, Nargi! qol-

baq, <<! stintaq, GCC,-i nv!>,)si ,/srlarind,) ugurlu lrk obrazlan yaratmas Jl1a kllh)k ct l1li~ d lr. EI,)cB tla Duel ;:)Sa rilldiJ varatd lgl zabit Uek Aqalllalov sum ti ~D rq xJ rakterli .- ay nc a bitkll1
psixoloji mazmun sa xJ<lya n insanlardlr. ~,ll"q szla n Onl lJl ;.)S8rIrlrin;) tir va diri ruh ga tirir. Yazll istinlaq>, osvrill( io byiik
1Il<lllbbvlla badboxt lrk ob raZl yarat1ll1~(lJ ; burada mah ku mu il
va mst'3lltiqin tars lll<l dlalll11 l1 bU 7unu ikincinill birillciya Olllln
alla dilinan (cz tapJb ~ letdi yi do g ma va Hz iz allah V i) ,-lIl<1
szla ri qmb mid ir. iJSg'll" rus si lislini V;) kazarm<J ~ma lli ll i lllllldur; m;)'h"''lllli.Jta ViJ a d al iH\} md baglaYl r.

Kupnn ugu r!a Oafqazh rasexxst zabit ob raz r ~a yaradtr.

Bu nun kimi de ekzouk . z ibtidailiy i ila ilah i gzc lli k yarada."

ade rlor. morasimlar tos vir cdir. Trk hayat tar zmi Kuprin qC)'.nad i daqiqlikla yaddaq ala n. parlaq boyala rla n~.q~ ..cdir Nargl.~n
bilarzi k asa n nda qiz-bu sa rqli, ekik tatar goziu ~IZ ..ha tta ~z
kbar. agayana grli n~ l bac tsmdan ox va da ha guclu l~larag~
va sevgjlara sobab o lm. Onun tu rkene co~~~n. ~hval-ruhlyya~l ,
emosinnalhgt. anlasi lmaz dara cada va lchedl c l l ~YI ~k,. o nUI1 akik

ozlcri va dik yanaqlan kimi as raran gjz va cazibalidir. _

~
Saratovd a tat ar -msolman miihitinda dogu lan, yetisen ermscvski burada tatar dilini aynca m ollimde n da rs al~.aqla t
ranirdi.! 0 A zorba yca n modaniyyati ne m araq gos ta n~I~,
M. F.Axundov haqq mda . Korogh cposu ha qq mda resc uz iyalar yaz nus. Mir zo K aznn bayle taru s olmusdu.
..
.
1835-ci ildo M . Kawnb<:JY K azanda Puqa ov usyam ta:l xini yazmaq n syanm bas vcrdiyi yerla ri gaz'3Il,. mat~.n~1
top layan dah i ru s sairi A. S .Pu~kin la tam s o lmu sdu. Sairle go m sn ta'sirila M.Kazunbvy ouun Baxasa ray fontaru poemasim

;(Gz yasi C~1l1 ;)sj) adr alunda Azerbaycan ti.~rkcas illa lurC~I1~u
etmavn baslanusd t. stc'dadh sair vo tareiimal V .A.Juk ovsklll ll~
30-Cl~ dlar..) ai d g lilllhl1 iklu rinJ Ll Kazl1n ba y h aqqmda .h a rara t.h
szk)ra lusadOf cdirik . Sonrala r Jl1kovski ~ahnam v Hn~n. po~lI k ,
t~rcll1 <:tsi i.~z:,Hindu i~l\)rkal1 onull an yax1l1 maslh atlsl MlrZi:} I
k azn n bny H.h.
....
I'
K az<111 11 l1 ivcrs itc tina daxil olmaga h azlr1 a~ <ln bOYlIk r.u~
yazlls1 L.N.Tolstny iki iI rzind<l Mirz? ~azl1nb;:Jy in 1:~l~.brlIYI
altlllda Dmb Vll t Jk dil1 arini yra1111l1~dl. Tol stoy OZlI halta
mrn n <1X lrlallllda bela 1910-cu ild<) - mrnn son aylan nda
V<lxtJ ib $,,) rq dillar im.l maraq gstvrd iyini Il1 Dmnuniu q hissi ila
ynd cdin>.J

/ .I/ f{

' / ll/mll/lOr: ,

" li lll wJ""'If;' In' ~ '"

/ ; .)f(' I/J /i 1l

Jrr Ileplll~ Wffl.("'/J,'f1". ,,("(lfl,/IIC Ka .

-' B;I~ ' VQuhycv. Q,Jm tJi ~af</~IiII.1,' " A 7i.lrb,/y c:lm' j umalJ /983, Ni-4.

27

1111011"" .10,'/111 " .. J 98,'i. ,\ ;'6. c,5./ 6 /.

1 J17..>rb.1yc,111 S,H'I" t "sikMI'..~J'a.~I. Xc , 5.3/'<:

5,

/ 75- / 76.

Jvf. Qork inin ma sh ur Sa hin llilgm' ISi)) nsuri . oz nn dcdi y i

kimi , a slinda tatar na g ma sidir. Yazrt z bu malm uu K mmda
csitmis va o nda d iga r So rq qi ssa lori nda o ld ugu kimi bo ytik h ikmat Vu me'na g nu - d .

Ru siya 18I 2-cl il muhari busin da qazandrgr q;) I ~)bas lyla z

mvqcyi ni Av ropamn g z ndo burk idn bi ldikda n sonra kiik
Yuna urstan e sr lor boyu boslediyi impcriya nYYiJ11;Jfl o qdra tli, o xasrlik d vlo t cl an O s man f im pcnyas rua mcyda n ox umag ba stadr. Tczhk lu Rusiyadan gc va ilham alan. al duqa yrrma azad h q m bari zln ri yetisdi . Osmanh zlmna qarsr
bu lkalarda g iz li cabheler arldr. Balka nlar od !u kro kimi
partlarnaga qalxnu sd rlar. Bolqansta n tam inqilabi veziyyato
get in lmisdi.

Taassf ki, bu oyunc aq idcyala nn esiri o lan gcl. me un

adam lar. on larm ba d ii surotla ri rus od e biyyatuuu uzal ecl
nii muual a rinda grnr. Yaxs r ki, h u oda bi qa lu-clln: nlar:n ~OX ll
bas fan n ut balasr m g tr b (daha gc l, tamiz, taru e nnasrz qar d l ~ duygu lan yla deyil) qardas kma yina tolos ulor. Mnsalan,
T urgcnev in Dm itri Rudi u i (<< Ru d inH), Yclcna Staxovasr (( 8 r;)fa). To lstoyun Vron skis i (c.Anna Karcnina) V<J s. kimi bodii
obra zlar bu aX l1ll yax ~ l ta cassm ct l1l i ~ lar.
A .I .Popov, Mc lioran skinin xalira sinu !lasr etdi yi yazlsllHla
gslorirdi ki , rus dllini tiirk dilluri ail,)si kimi sayslI.-hcsJ hslz
leksik ahlll11Jlarla tvc h iz cJiJn hUl" hu nsl b a~ q a bil' dil qrupu lasuv\'iira gati rmiJk beIi) m mki in deyiJ. l
Rus di linda i~ 1811<Jl1 lrk s zlni bl! di lin ro rl11 J l a~ma S lll d Jn
ox ~ox <Jvvvlki dvrl ord B, hvl\) qvcli m tlirk tayra d ill;)rinc!an kcan szlerdan ba~laYl r, ha lt<l liirk dillDrinin qadim abi dalarind<Jll
z ba~Ianglcm l glrb g8 lir.
Q a d im tr k allOllla larll1Jn rus d ilinuv usrlrIa i$lallvrak
dv r mz qadvr guli b lxmaSI vu istifad o lul1l11asl z sb ul
cdir ki, hamin szlar hu d ilin aS<1S liiga t vahdlrind,m say llll1 l$,

j'

I nOl/1J6 .1.1f fl.A. .l1e.7IlOjlw IC"-II/ 11 1IJ) ~(III1H

~ Tlop,,alO.'II'U'(Io;IIl COPH""" . /972. c.J()

II/K)Plo;lI i1t /JG

(I

P.I'C(" -U.l 1 1/]1>110;1'.

Bar

b una gre dil rus dihnde yc:na J a islan rna kda dir. Sonra la r terminle se da bilan trk ma nso li sz le r an ox mai sot. zaruri hoyati vns itala rin -adl an m hildi ran szla r o lmusd ur. Odur k i, b u szlordan rus dil ina sa d;)lik:'lako nikl ik, can h hq, i fadulilik, sz lr.
Ril' ox ha llar da IlJ S dilins trk ifada va site le ri getire n srrf milli
xar ak tcr das ryun s z leri n I1IS di linde bol lugu bu dil i trk d illo rinin sado. tobii leksik valud lari ila ala qal cndiren nitq vasitole rini
lij'mi n cdir. Bunla r rus dilin de sabit. m hk om mvqc qazannus
zn ruri leksi k va hi dlnrdir.
XIX asr rus adubi-badi i d ili z re m sah idalor gs tarir ki,
oguzlarla. q ipaqlarla derin tam asda u, qa ynayib-q an smadan z
bah ralnrini giren Kama-bulqar medaniyya ti va QI7..11 orda
d vlot iliy i cpoxasmda V;) gctdikca daha aydm xarak tcrl so lta -

nat davalannda artan. gcle no n elaq olor, nahaya t arizm in Canub i Q afq aza , Azorbaycana y iyalen mosi ile belo bir m ra kk e b
va ze ng in tar ix i fond a dil al aqc la ri tanzimle sib k am il d vrno
unr. Bu kamillasma va za nginlasma uzun osrlor boyu va ardrcrl
epo xal ar ~ rzindil icrim ai -siyasi ha disalarla , iqti sad i a laqa la rlo
bagh, hom kcyyye tco va ham do ka mi yyatce xeyli gcnislonmi sd ir. A ruq trk s zlc rinin manimsa ni lmes i uzun osrleri n roerb asi ol ub rus d ifi Iiiga t tark ibinin a sas hi ssa sina da xil olm,
O Il U I1 Icksi knslI1l11 btn saha lrini ahata edir.
Hu zam <ln szOn kcr.;di yi di ldo llmnimsanilnms ini n asas
gs liJricisi o lan trk n18n~uli sz le rin szyaratma s8cyynsi da
zn tobi i ~,3 k l diJ gst;:nir.
T rk ll1 iJl1 ~\lli sz lr ru s dilinda l. l11vqcy in<:l va i ~l a n l1l a
diJ]";)cnsin g r cyni dcyiIdir. Bunlann byk bir qrupu I11Umi ~l u k sz lr cargasllli:J daxil o lmaqla, ham Ja ob raz hhq kcyfiyyoti qazallaraq l11 L1ca zi ma 'n ada da i ~ l ;:) di li r.
T rk dillnrillv mXSliS szla rin knmiyyatca stn lyii uzu n
bir tarixi proSCS ill tobii lliJticasi o ldugundan bela szlm in xcy li
hissvsi lliga t t.-> rk ih inin a sus h issusina dax l ol mu .} , iimun~lak
sz l\Jl" slras ma kc;JriJk zvlllri leksik va h idla m cv rilm i.} la r: na p'Ia, Ta60 p, KOJlIlaK (qalpaq), 6a wM aK, 6a WJlLJ K, capa i , w.aJl, a1'JJaC , ap UlII l!, Kap r a, ~ pJl I>IK, '-{a11Ma, 311M<D , lIa6a1", aJlTLlH, Kap BaH,

rcapn.mcapnii.

T)'1\-j(] J!

r-vpr.xra . rcaiiran.

(duman I, -ropfia.

o -tar.

}!]1

1)!;lrg;lll l-

1(l IP III 1'! ,

6YPYll (cograIiJ.
fiapaau , ' /aH t on , tiyan} . 6ax'J:I , K3J'1 1hlJJL Kapay~rl. eau.tau . Gap.'1:11<' TaGYI!. radria. amp. naii. fiam.nc . onnan kimi sz!,)r ,l111q
bir nce Y 7 illiklar boyunca gndolik unsiyyntdu mhk e ,n VCI
l11 1 nHI ~ . cox vaxt m an su forqin vanhnadrgmdan hu s1I'I r n iradn ctdiyi ,lJ1 l<lY I ~I <lnll basqa szl ,)rl<J ifadasinu hcc vaxt cbtiyac
TCCh ),W . 111,\[11<(1.

WJB'lIl.

uin ruhuna tamumi!u

lIygunla~a

hilun szlur hcsab cdirdi.'

~;ddl

dayisan trk izmlere da hn bir nc a nu sal g stera bil e rik : Uurn

na -ryra (alatq ). JJOwa)Jh (al asa at) KOJICHI <OP (qalam kar}, <lpWIK
111

(rm<:lkllhnll,-i k szundan: st kandl i gcyim i ruahud va ya qah.r

yundan hazu tannus xala t vu ya ka ann oxsayr r}; OJl3nHCK -trkco cdah k (q IZ, kaniz. cariya l: xncrcm -kastan . Birinci iki sz
(na.ryra, JI OW alll~') ovva idaki vurgus uz a sasl ori d~JJ1QkJ ,i rus
diliud. i isluno bi lir. Aurn ac - qiymetli parca nv. matcriya
duvulmur.
Rus dilind e trk s zlr i asrlarden buri islune-islono cilala- mu'n astnda isle dilir. Ou t! sap lardan istifadc olunduguna pre
llano bu dilin altan gina. siqlatinn uyan, tin-k dillarmin qudim x- alt m + bcz s z larindan ynramn rs. rus dilinde iso altobas $,-)kl iIlD
susiyyot la rin i saxlaya -saxlaya da rus dilindo zunui konununika- d sm sd r (CCr n51 I. Q9 ). Bu s z esasen zl e rinin sabn scuv vasi. uv. cvrilan dil vasii ola ridi r. Belo dij vahidlarinin b - man t ik xsusi yye e rin i h i fz etma k la yanap forteti k ec h-t den
yk bir qisnun in daxil old ugu dilin fonctik tarkibinn uygllllla~ duyisuru k, to leffzce ruscaya tabc editmi slor.
111<1 5 1 da tobi i hald u.
C upo ren - sanq sznd nn di r So roka rus qadm b a ~ gcyiFortetik d ~j y i ~ lll, j J u ri na zam aimadan bu szfuriu n,) leksik minin ustndun sallnnnn buznkli, llaXI;;1J par a , rtk . Qeyd cduk
terk ibm in \'8 IJ ;] da qramma tik qurul usunuu tari xi inkis nruun ki, cograf faktor fikrinuz i mh koml eudirm oyo kornak cdh - bu
gcdisi ui izlnma k mmkn dcyi] . Bil' ncn yzillur orzindo trk bas rtyll sa nk -soroka ilk duf,-) lkon in canubunda - trk lnrlu
rna nsnl i s zl nrin rus dil inde islan mos i va onl artn ulifbada oks realmtm asibo tdc bulun an rcgi ond a yayrlnusdr . Sank trk qaolunm asm da miinyyan a tmli k ln rin olmast tabi i ha ldrr. Bir d il- JIIl bas rtiiyii kimi da islckdir. Hana bolqar, scrb , nunm dillortd;)11 d igar blr di In kC\-'orkan sz ZiiIF-l ycni o l<ln dil IlJlill ililhcl lIY- 10 saruk, S<l rik :;mld indo i ~ I G n m i ~ , yunan dil inde ise ckzotik s..):iyyu c! a;;IY lr: sank (trk qlzlanllill ba ~ rty). 2
gun la ~ara q hOll1 in dil tomfind;:'1n miixta lfyollnr ln m;mims,m t1ir.
Ru s Jil inin assim ilyasiyaya ugratdlgl bu qab ildCJn nbn !
D,lha d ~1qiq dcsak , sz kCiJll dil bu szii 7nn fonctik V~J
qra1111llatik normalan na tabe ctdirir.
:zJ8r tadr ca ll l11l1111i~l ;) k lcksik tarkibi) dax il oll11aga ba~ la YIl". !
Rus dilillin Jiigot 1<:Jrkibillt!<J bu diJlll fonetik va qrammatik (!l OCK (k~k); TonapH Ul (tovar+q) , KJlapHCT (gara + ncy), 6cpra- 1'
llormala l lla t1yg lln b ~m l ;; kifayat q,-::I(lar trk Ill<l ll;;vl szh r var- ~10T (bck+a nnu d), rJHlH a (gil), IJJCpeHra (qadim ari, arik q ()~
dIr: t li-YTIOr. zmrlid-113YII1PYJ(, qu ma~- KYl\l a'l. q anO VU7,- K<l II, IYC, ~U ll}) szndv J]) . 13un lann iind kiosk sznd8 8slinda gclli , I'
ya p lllCI-CJltlll'la, sa ndlq -cYI!}I)'I<. yasavltl-ccaYJJ, al -allb!!i, rk;m - roncti k dayi ~ ll1 a iJa yan a~ 1 scmantik slxilma da ba~ vCl1ni~d i .
3pKall, ;;alv;:l r-lJlapOBal), qarp IZ ~<lpY3, X8JlC,Jr -KI111 )J(8JI , gll -n llll! , Bel,) ki, tiirk szii k~ k hu diJda ayn ca qasr, cv, l11ali kan;], villalll ]k lll a 'n aSllH da ~ I Ylr sa , dax l oldugu dilli:Jr<Ii) Z I11 v'naSlJl dall
pa raq -6apal~. boran-6ypaB, bora-6YP}I, ala!q-JJa'-l yra, bhi l-aXIlJJ Ka. aqq al-w3KaJl, porsuq-fiapcyr, z,lf<,:n an-Ula(ppall, <leiJr- uza qla~ araq , su k ~k, q azct~.i u rnal k9k kim i j~ll nilir. ilk alllw,rrcp, ba hadJr-6oraThlp, qonaq-KYIJaK , x;)Zin,l-K33Ha , XDl-n,l l- d,ll,)runi zd;) sar ay, q,lS1> anlal11l1lJadlr: K(j ~ k liJr, sarayJar t(,~
K <rH1 a ~l ci i , ]ii le-mOJlh Ka. dar man-Ll.YPMi.lH , karvnll-KapaBaH .
,I
J-j,)];) Kazl1n bay kean asrc!,) n OJJYllI K<l (pul); JICJJh L l (tCll "'WI' :I/.. !/'J(!!Jilllllbli' HjJOI13CCr)('IlI ,H, c.3 74.
I
(j a \' U yn lcngc): nJ lhlTbJlI (attul1 va ya altm) kimi sz];)ri rllS dili- -~ /(aif.H
Ba,\": .l / n l;;<lH I .A, ()r)II<I II/IO/JI'CI'OC I W 31!(l II II H PycCf..O.\IILJh IKe (<<COjJOK'U>j ~ ( '''';<,III - '1

(>

t"f...I>IIIIIO/II'-O 'I(J, 'I/HfJ ,

.10

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197./ . \ f<5, c,.J8-52 .

~-===-

nat~ Ji ar; Ksgo girdi: Gald i Zle yxa kosg ina V~) s. (Ou l a l i. Qis-

seyt

Y USlf) . 1

Dogrud ur, har hanst fonctik fa rqla r dedikdo bu V 8 ya digar

turk dil la ri aynca naza rda tutulrnauu sdrr. Masolan: Azarbaycan
turkcus inda xan car tsi volo rda xancal ) islanrnnkla yenast rus
dilllldak ( kinj al s71in esl indan fonetik fbrql i szler su-asma
daxil cun ak ;1<-) dzgn deyi!. Bela ki , bir sn-a trk dillarinda , 0
cmlodnn s zn kcrnn ycri V8 tarix i nozera ahuarsa bu noqay
diliudaki kmjal SZllD dah a yaxmdrr va XV I esrdan rus dilinde
isludilir. Y cna di-) rus dilinde trk l11 <:1 n9a1i barsuk (qazaxca barsuk. talar ea bu tsak. turk man V,;) azarbaycanca porsuk - )lMHT pII C-B . CT}I, 526) sa killari nda trk dillarmin znda fonctik farq lnrla qeyd olunur. Rus dilinde islonsn ynor (azarbaycanca t)
tonenk tarki uca trk dillarinde tatar dilindoki tok. tk szlari-

a~~~: trk d.il!ur ind a qami, kam er kimi islonon cprmanc SOZU111S dJiIJ] ;) kcurkan knmr, kama daha ox hallarda
kanuk (Ilam, ll. X3 , 86) snklindn islanilmisdir: X OT h 1{,;lII'I \,KaJ"JI B.~1J.~jj ~ CJIOB O .He CI<a)I<y (Kp ccroacxa. }lC)lhJ. rJI.VI). Ru
faktla r .OZ~ gos tonr ~I, trk dil lerindan ahnau SZI,1l", danJ';; ICJ dilinde c~ a.y ! .;;I1arak mueyyan darucada rus dil inin nortnalarma labc etdJl~lhr. Eu dayi ';;l~l ~)I .a rd;:) re bii ki, rus dilin in fonc tik qanunauygunluqlannm ta sm bash ca ycr tutur.
.... ~aba ox damsr q dilinin to'siri ila bn'zi {ii rkizml<'Jrd;) sas
dsm , forqlesmasi had isesi il<:l islcnmosi hall an mvc udd ur
ah a-h a (. .. H r enepi. BHlIHbJ TOJlL KO rYCT JOpO CUl HC crapuc na yax uid tr.
Belal ikla , trk dillon nin z aralarmdakr fonetik farqlari
ro ponmna, cazn,r , rp YIlJ H, . nt..I'III . . . (JI . T OJlCTofi. K a J aI<H, 4 rn.).
yadda
saxlamaq .laznudr r. Bollidir ki, aluuna sz daxil oldugu diHprn.rx - c~:)]]>JK: .. .a cpm. ncn IJaKJl CJf)]JJ xnxnc np HKa)J<JITC
lin
fonctik
formala rma, qram matik qaydalanna, scmantik qanun(Ocr poacxni. Eccnpnnam uma); Jlrara u-ararau : 'tcr uepo BbIJlYlanna
tabe
olm
Vu ma yyan dayi sikliklara ma'ruz qahr. Msahi1111 CBOJ! a'rararu.r H na-rann KOW1Tb 3 Cl\1JJ10 ( nY UJKIIII . K Hpdulorirniza
esasart
dcya bilank ki, diqqati celb ede n bela dcyi naca nt t} , XaJIYK - apxaJlY/< ; Kall lll d -K o r. ,Ja: . .. H IJlJ X Il BCTHa 51 CJllOsikhklardan
bir
i
trk
monsal i s zlordaki mayyan sas larin
)(a ncpcacuiana C pca so: o II C l Ja KJlCC lIJlhJMH Ko ii i\la i'lill - 3TO
ovozlon mosid ir. Bu ha dtso dilin fonetik norm alan na tabc olmaq
OKHa (Fpnoenon. IIJlcl\IO K Iicru ucny 5.2. Ig 19).
sortlcra bngln h r. Bilavasue bu qrupa Ka3Ha (xazina), apanop
. R l.IS dilinin lcksika smdakr trk men soli szlcr UZUIl mdde rli tanxi bir inkisafm ne ticosidir. Bu s zterin iimumt rk dilla- (m8I1lE)r), uraunan (sarnd au), xnun cm. (nis an) , xapnii (kara , qara), xapxtaann (qrrnuzi ) qnbili udan olau s zleri aid ede bilorik.
nnin .mli 9t~rak mumi fonduna daxil olmasma baxmayaraq menSon iki sz ha qq mda Dm itriycv bu fikirdadir ki, Kapl1H.-qara
ba dl.lI1:lr Ilo rus udab i J iJinuak i trk lllan 9~)1i sz Jarda Dil ox
~ICPHb li sz di:) bag1Jchr; ikinci szn iso qllll11Z1 szyla "laf~net !k .farqler mvc uddur. M,)sa leYD ayd Jl1 llq g;Jtillllak n
qadar
()Idllgunu qcyd cdir (Bax: )~\mTpH eB, CTJ-l c.559).
blr dvfhk qeyd eda k ki, {lirk n1<)n$8Ii szlarin rus dilina fonctik
Szlar
ox hall arda bu diJin tark ibina daxil olduqdan som a
adap tasiY<l SI dcdikd a muhz 0 h aHar JlBza n ia tutu lUl" ki, rus dilinfonclik
dG
yi~ik
l i ya ugraml$ Z fonnaslll l, cleca da ta lvfftizn .
d~-) mvcud sz ifauB cd,)n mii3yya n sus lvr yoxdur: .;; afnm (za mayyaJl
dma
cBdu
dvyi$mi:;;dir. Rus dilinda znn h~qiqi ve :
f;)ran), boqatIr (baha dlr) kimi. j-J;)lllin sas Jur rus dil inn uygunla .;;;)lnva ma' nalanyla za ngi n xsusiyyatlora mali k olan ox i~lek I
d~nhl11~dl r. Ba9qa hnll ar, yn'ni trk izm lurin fonetik -qrafik tarsz koljlak (lrkc<'J ; h,)rbi ba~ gey imi) (Dmitriycv, 560) trk dilk~blv talllJlll1lZ hal a d ';;1l1asi Elktlan bir llC,) szd<:lJl 0 ynna kccu
lrindo kolpak i ~la n s a do, birinc i hc cmlakI 0 SQsi ms dili ';;8- ;
bl lmmi .;;dir.
'
raitind ortaya lX llll.;;dl.
-:I
Szlv rdaki bela foncti k j~j rql8n lllala r hu1l1i n trkizml arin
I Enx: Zi/J/llil oJ 11.7C1ynfl , i lk i miJd !111 ;Jbidn!imIJlJ7in ilf :w ik IF /l IIIIII kk.,ik -scIIUlJlik l'llllLlZlllllllllna, Jll;)'nasm<l ,hc bi!" t,l'sir gstara bilmam i.;;dir. Ba~qa
slls~YJ'nrliJfi !lakl, /997, s(" I'
.
I

,2 ~ -====-

"'" ~ -=====-

I
"

soz la, ya d saslar di hn Z sosfen do uvez olunur. Orafik manimsumo zam am da ycnn bem in scnlor!o trk 1ll ;Jll ~ 8 1i atmma
sz rus al ifb asr iJ<3 vcrili r. Ora mmau k cohrndan murumsudilan
yad sz rus d ili q .nm atikaxnun tu's tri alnn dn on un qayda lanna da tabc olm. Demul i, dita daxil olarkun S Z !i:lllJl bvuk bir
qismi hemin diJin strukturlan na da uygun lastr.
Trk menso f szlerin rus dilin do j ~ I ,)Jl 1Jl i) s i l , l bag ll orta ya
ixan ma sal a lordon bin da budur ki, osrlorca hu dildo ve tendaslig hququ qazanara q islonan trkizrnlor be'zi osartnrda mano e
dila yaxm, daha dogrusu . bu dildu ki szle cyn i $i:J kilda i~Ii) 1111l 1~
dir. Bununla da, I1lS d inda islonuus trkizmlcrd a maraqh hal
clan fonct ik-orfoqra fik variantlar mcvdanu g;J l ll1 l ~, Y;/11 1Qaf qazda olan yazirlar s zlun digvr yazrcrlard an f~Jrq li olnraq mu'na va
fon elik terk ibi cnh atdun forq f i ~k)l ll1 ~ l a r. MHS,l l,)J1 , gcyim ndlnn qrupuna aid cdi lon rus dili ndok i uyka turkizm i Oafqazda ol ~
mu s m alliflariu c su rlerindo uxa form as uida - Azurb ayca n
rrkcosinda istodilir (Ha ero lIUlIO JllClIllO M c y rYJIOM Tem: caxr ax
I..J.YX3

ero

fisuia

Y)J, c

3 IJWIHTCJIL lI O

rt o uom c nn .

U OJIOII CKHi i .

THqJJIJ!CKliC carcrnr).
Rus moll ian trk abi-hnvah Qafqnza yaxmlasdtqca bu
farqler azal rr. Bklajan sznn rus dil ina trk diliudak i padlic3n formas1I1dan kcdiy ma' lumdur (Dmitriev, ST Q .S2S).
Amm a badrielil $akJind,) i~ladi lmas i iso gstvrir ki, bu sz
Azurbaycan va onunla bagiJ yerJard8n badnn calH> ~iJk li nd v
keJ11i~dir. Rus dilind8 mhm, z\;-Jruri szJvrdan olan $an l\'a r
trk izmi Qafqazda olan ToJstoyun , Kupr nill, Polonski nn VI b.
asarlar nda ~a l "a r kimi i ~ l ,)d i l i r; XBl1J1KHIl J1C}K,UI B J TO HpC/I,!}J
Ha wmaIIC B KpaCIJL1X Ka Hayc OBI,IX UI<l JlB apaX ( IlOJIO I/ CKllii.
KBapTHpa B TaTapCKOM KBa pTaJI C). l1uninin dIJ Qafqaz ;) Sa ri ll da rus dilindGki $ali:::11 tLirkizminin ycrli variantllli i ~lGtmus i dah a
tabii grnr; Tor .ua B JI ecax npoC!,lI1aJIHCh 11 /lIIlYKaJIH opmn a,
peRcn 6apc, TRBK,UIH ' ICI<::UI K II. Qafqaz mvzusund a q,1 1a1lln
allllllll~ K az,lk lam ,)sarind;) d;) \':11, <11 (rus dill Ill o rf c m i lId bir
likda akaJka) ~a k l i l1 d v i ~ l a d i l m t ~ d j r.

Kcan cs re Qa fqaz - Azarbaycan l.a bag~ \ 3sar.l ariJ~ ~i

lindu abaz (abbasi) pul vahid i tez-tez 1$ I <Jd ilJ~ l $? J L Lakin Tifli sde ya ~aya ll Polonski ahaza 1'o x, abas isleunisdir ; 'ITO )I(C CTOBT
(llY!lT _ l lHc a6 ac (Knaprnpa H TaTapCICoM KBa~TJJl~) .

[ki variantda - fone tik va orfoqrafik vanantda XIX a.~r ru~

bodii mumlarin de qeyda alnmu s faktlar esasen asagrdakt sozlan
uhat n c di r : llCPBIIlIJ -)J,cp6hl1 lJ, 5IlIWmp -51 lHf lf aHIl , enauapa; 6aKJIaap6a-apana llIaICaJI-'Ja )I{all-6anpm ICaH , ap 6 1'3-rap 6 1'3, X(1)6Y3
. 1,
Kan, KaliTaH-raiiTaH, u apo nap -tuan nap, Kan$-KeIHp, -rynxa - Iyxa,
yr xanv: acup-ecnp , Kl1CeT-K II1II,1lllJ<a-LUYlllKa, apxanyx-apxanyr,
ca, rapca -xapcxr, r apaM, 6 acypl\f all -nYC~I\1 ~H : . 6ax ' Ja - 6 .a KI..J. a ,
hildiyimiz- zere
yerli mhire baladli kdan
1<1
,
~
6 aKma v"" s . taktlar
v

"

'

''

'

dojiurdu .
..
. .
.k
Canf darustq dil inin parlnq nmunala ri ni aS8 r1a r~~d~. a s
ctdiran A.N.O strovsk istifada cdib bahralendiyi xalq dili sz lerinin lilgn tini (<<MaTC pllaJILI ,UJJ)\ cnoeaps ~~ yccK ~ ro Hapo.uHor~
}I3LIKa) torrib etmisdi . Bu onun z miisahi dalari va q"H~aatJ8n
ilo
so..yahoti zamausasmda yarallllll$d 1. J 856) -C L J ld- 0 O I1U ]1 Vo lqa

.
l1l topladrgt m ateriall ar lg8tin as asrm task il edir. Li lgate .$<
:n h18r
hazirlayan Pan cnko bu mnasibotla y.a~lI:: _<?s.t roVS~l ~ rus
dilinin vurgunu vo nadir bi licisi xalq dili lugat nu tartib ctm ~~
sahasinda byk vJ)1ak s;'11"f etl1l i~di)} (Bax: A . H: OCTPOB~ K H H .
l1oJlH oe c06pauIlc CU'H:l IlCHJlI1 T.1 3, c.385). Lg8tm l1l~tenal1al1
indaki t rk szl ar i - IllS dialcktb rinda va xa lq d~])l ~I ~I?da ~a
Zlll1 ll1 qcyd a aldl!;1 trkizml3ri se ib gst8 rm<:l k I st~YJn k ..l a~
ZI Il1I1l mt ,)J"izade vcrd iyi yer ad! onl a.nl1 yaytldlgl a razJian
duqiql'1$dinn a k i ~ind3 oXllcuya kmok CdlL
"
An li\la ll ....: f Jl a BlI OC JIHlJ..O (cTapoCTa) B phl60noJllJon apTe- ,
v

JIII" l,;war:ln ~' n On JIJ BOK y l\1aJ1CHblWH CCTU (KaJ IIl3 I1Il CKo e );

1; ; Jlal\I YTh - pLI6a cKYl\l6pml (OIlCCCK) ; IJaTl\la1l - c,UlIHua Bcca ; . I

liYP YII - Mll oro 4cr o JlH6y.u, I;YPYlIJ.J j'I{' - 13cpcfma C KOJlbUO!'llT~ . /

KOTOpOC ll pO}~CTa 6 11'l c13a; np ll B ~J3 blBa~:C.H Ha HOCY n OCp CJtCC- !

IJOl\l 6YPYIl}(YKa J10 lt Ma il Jlpa13 11T 6apKOII, 1'0 np IlT5I r HBa51, TO,O
J1O()J15J 5J G ll 1ICHa ; E p Il B :l Il K a - K OllIl YCCK,UI, 6apaIll KOB<.l}l JlCPClJLl- .'
( Ka}1 lIJ<HlKa. EblJl<l H l\10llC 13 M OCKBC llOCJIC n pilC3,Ua H3BCCTI/OrO

uepc nztcxo ro n ocn a Xocpon Mup'u.i: )1( 11 1-:111 ;!(YJIIII<,1l0PIIlIIK<l

CI16 HpCK); Kaii euuc ~ CJBIB10I (j ~() 1l ) . K a .;II~ 'HIl _
Il an xa C Ill H IJl KOii (113 KOp Il 5l) . (Mcuiepa ): Ka.1I b l :H:l II I. I - u'sneerIIbIii rr pOUCHT, l la Ba C/l.11-1il IT Oll jJ5Il l l! rKa ,,1 apTC Jl],lIl H1Gli\IJl ( Honra];

1111 il,) IFJlll i$') nmuuu o lub . K oari trklur ijk yay-o xu icad

Ka purn - Scronvsu,cc n epcao. npcnar crn yro utcc

m'czo la rinin onlarla bit-birindan gz a l, dnya s hrot li me'.

ruarhq incisinin yarad tc tlartd tr. Mage r bu ab ido la r kilsa lardan
va xakarlardan kiik sa nut ab idal eridir? Farabi , lbn Sina ,
Nizi1111i (JDIlCvV l, Nasiruddin Tusi , Uluq bIJ)' kimi o nla rl a clm S,)11vt nuhunglarinin Qerb in mudani hayattnm yz illar boyu te'.
sir altmda saxlauu s osarlerinin srndan bela insafs rzh qla xa tt
<;DkIl18k: han si ex laqa sigrr? !
.

( BOCTO llHO

c y aoXOJICTBY

C an a xrart u ucn - K JIH 'l Ka IJCp 1\f5lKOB Ha B OJlf T ,

Typrall -JIOnJJ aBOK y ecru . "lapten - li31 11i\l tlKl l C cy xonn oi i
H PblIlOif JlOB)JC.

onynnco : 'l yn:Ulbl -

J)IlTl,lC 11::1 !'JIJlII],! IIC '11! (IIcPW1 1IK) ; 51.11 _

BCPXWOl 'wen wen YJJOWa)Ul rnc pacrcr rp nna (CJJ 6lJp): Hpt .rra - Beo si nas urranuaa een, JV ]}I Jl OBJJH ficu yr u Jlpyro1 KPYII ,

HO iJ P bl 6LI. JlO BJI>J. C LlB)'X JJOllO/\:

Jt cn,u -

3aJll WH,HJ

IH<pa,

ru.r -

HYT aH 113 COf!J-iOH Ph16LI V~) s.

Bu leksik vah idla r rus uduhi dill iln ya ml~ l, rus di li diale ktla rin da , x susen ye rli ta tar va s . trk xalql an ilo SIX nulnasibotda ya sa yan rustarm canh xalq dil inde da isla nnn trk szlo nn in
haq iqi men znrasini yaratmaq da xxusi rol oynaytr.
S.Rstall1xanlJ Zo ri Balayan m Ocnq: kitabmdakr quraz li
iddialara qarsr yazrrdr: Z .Halayan 11 13 qndar dansa da Avropa mada niyya tinin m xtaJif sahelonna hun, trk, X,jZBr, Sulcuq, Osmanlr, Sofavi irnpcriyalann m to's iri e'tira f oh mm us faktd rr. BirC8 cla in tib a h d vr A vropa ross.un lannm nsurlarindu aks olunau Azerbaycan xa lalaruu xanrlatmaq kifayntdir. Biz hola gcyim,
11l11siqi, tibb, Imrbiilik v s. sah,JltJr<bki ta'sirJ,-mkm dalll~ lllJllq .
Asiya llarindv at! dk d ,)I~) r,llIl cdib ~JhJJ8~dlrvn bu kari tayfalardlL Bir sml geyil11k)ri ttJ kl11 illa~dir8 n va ~alv;l r icad
edan, ilk tvkar va mk rJi araba yaradan dn onlrdlr. 1 Ycri gall11 i ~kvn qcyd ed8k rus diJindu a t va <l t nvlari acllan (JIOlJ1aLlb,
6YJlaJlhlii, lIlepil H, KapaKOBhTii, ' I;UIJ,liI, rapnaJr , 1'(6)11, Ko6wl
clD ca da miniei likl8 bagl1 'IC"PiW, 'ICM6ap, MYJllllJlTYK, ap 'l(lK,
apKal-l, ap6a (Tcnera, KI16IlTKn) va bu kim i bil' Sll'a szJ'-1l' trk
Ill \)n ~ e Jj dir.
B u xalq lal' $Dl'qda bil'-blrinc!;:m qdratl dvl <Jthlr yanlclJ blar, ka ri xaJqlann ard uJan z y ks,-)k llltiza1111 va har bi inlizaI

C RlSfi!IJJXilll!f. l/llrkitabl. B;i1\l. I <JS'J, s'J?

36

~ --===

cdib lar. Onl nnn d y s oxl an tnxrnin on 800 mctr uzaqd akt h ad a fa yctirdi Turk xalqlan So marqcnd. Buxara , Xive. Hera t, Tac-M ah al

R u fikirlara qvvet o laraq dern e k iste y irik ki, ela ca de rus

di lindu islunan trk mon sal i s zla rin mh rn qismin i m edan i
Icrrninlar, xilsusa n trkle rda sosiul-rn a don i hn yatm erk e n yctkinliyini gstoron szlo r de to skil cdir..xca, 5lCaK, /lCOBYJl, -raura,
TaMKl1a51, ncnt.ra, 5:1 1\1 (pot yolu), c yp r y' r, xaaua, Saaa p, xaf iana, 5J ]JJIhJK, <lJlTf,]J-1, TOnOpHll1, e a u (ad-sau} ap f ia, ovar , nn uarr,
xnpnnu, ync r , 6)'JJa1', vyryu , dianap vu s. ta skil cdir.
Rus dilinde masir diJimiz n arxaiklesnu s olan aski
trk szJarinin isloumcsi bu di lde trk szle rinin g cnis 1118nZa rasini oks etdi rir va bununl n miiayyan menba kimi IX l ~ edir. Qadim rrkca su (qosun , ord u) sz rus adabi di linde tarixi harb

tcrlllinla r ia risind,) 111Ljvyyul1 yer Intur. Rus dilinda subeq (qo~un ba~<;lsl ; dilimizda subay ~8 klind8) Afan as i, Nikitind8 ~ u b a ~
(sl1ba~n ro ls sz serb .xo rvat (l gzatis i lm/ nasm da), a l~
ball , bolqar di!Jarin dv da iglanilir (Cpc3 HeBOKll1i 3,1599),
Yapl11cp> st gcyimi ach olan Cls ki kopo11a b >{rk sz
rus yaz llJ ahd uJm lndv va bQdii aSGrlarin dlinda kcbcl1a b >~ok
lindv saxlal1 JlJr: 131J Cp C;1J1 BCCX CTO}/JlJJ Jl BOp >l ne 1l n p o c1' ble M Y1K1lKII, . Bee 6om,lIJc Jo tlaCnllO B KOOe ll nI'3 X, 1I3- n Ol( KOTOpblX
lH,IKTJl.lBaJlaCh GCJ];H!, a y 1111 hlX 11 CII 115151 Cllll TKa (rorOJlb. HOLJb
n C]JcJl pOJJ\ltCCT BOl\l) .

Sf( li" tilJII.r.'IJJfJ. m r 1..1/;,&" .1'.9 7

Bu sz qarb i slavyanlarm da diliuda kepen palto :;;vklilJ-'

I/

Ccyuunncr, apar, qasrd: j.~a

.1
!

C TC!>H1

ac

CCYIIWH KH OT lIX

da yasayrr.! KDQ-da kupanuk yapmcr is todilmi sdir (IX boy). i Jl MIIT p llCB<l np H0JlaIJ B~,C IJ JIH if q aJlJJHlI , 'ITO KH3hI Kepxren paaoRus dilinde bal uq (palrq] s z atq bazar, ahs- vcris yeri' peil; ... Y1 C TC /l.1 K M OCKBC K BCJJHKH1'II r ocynapsxr, n pHCna JThI OT
va ham de bu 111,1'113 iln sos los on M oskvad n tarix i <nazi ad! 1I0JlKOBhlX 1l0CBOll CCYlIlllm<:II (3 anIJCKH ~~IB aHa AqJ3HaChCBH y a
Ba l uk (Moskva ayuuu o biri sahilinda - palrqlr ycrdoki bazar )[(CJHJOpKCKoro) .
va nrazi} iln yan<l$ l omonim kimi XII esrdon islcuili r: favtonun.
Lacrcarc. Qodim R\ lsda xan haki miyyotinin ta msilcisi,
tuinik arabasurm hir lus sosi, qrlmc qobzasi (Srczncvskiy 1,51). .vali (SS RLa, 1I, 290 ), Erkun islo nmosina aid nmunal eri rus
sz KDQ-d a da (Balaqtndan ol qth nc t berk tutd u (I X boy); saln.uuolorindo 1258-ci ilden grnr. I3 askak h urbi polis V,)qtlmcm dostosi qulp u, qobzo si mu'nasmdachr.
zifusini icnt edol1 hiJrbi birlik komandal11 (Sreznev skiy 1,44) . T aTer un s - qtsa qoll u va hu ndu r ya xnltqlt , smq h kaftan rixa n bu b lkler ha m tatarlardan , ha m de ru slardan YIgIllb ta s(Fasmcr 4,35) dc makdir. S ze qad iru rusca Ivan O ro zm varidan- ' kil olunurdu. Bal kan xalqlaruun dil lorinda , elaca da ukrayna,
11111 qevdryvaunda ( 1582 -8 3) rast golini r (Srezncvskiy IU , 944) .
po!yak dillariu de da ma'lumdur; m is, ha kim ma 'nas uu da~l1111~
Tcqilyay tiirk diJlanndaki ta bJl sz xpyrnrau CTC)J<K(J drr.
npB creran nii d" ,)]aqv lJ dlr (Rad lov -', la 32). M uqayi sa un :
Bu szn rus di liniu sonrakr d vrlorina aid badii m ateria ldcm ali yik ki, aza rba yca nca hel11111 tikm o. S111q l1V ta kal duz larda tarixi-rcal planda va slubi mo qsed la rle istifade olundugu
---- .
adlam r. Bu arxaik gcyim ad, rus tarix i asarlaritun dilinde l11 ~a- t grnur: )l,a)KC H nau Kanm -a 1I TaTapeKHe acrcarcn HC lIMCJlIl
hi do olunur. A nano fisure ... B 'rcr nna x, H Ca6JHIX , B Ca,IWKax( /IO[I /lTJl Jl 06 JTaKOJ\1 auorc (lJCXOB. OeKOJlb Kn MOCKOBCKOH
(A.1'oJlcTO. ller p Jle pcu ).
, )[0131111) .
.~ 8sIJ mouqolcada CIOlOWIa ClOVIl 'l<l - xab<Jrv grvr
X!X asr rus diJi a dab i-ba di i matc rial lannda genis sa ki lda
mu~t uluq va salallllama. So nral ar qalaba xeberi ga tua u qas idla . rast g<JIIlF)n xnca/ orccr (pul ki sas i), K063afKo6Y3 (qopu z, saz),
bagh isledilmuya baslach. Scuu sad xeber ya huz qudirn rusl anruu ( ~l I Z d) , nca (qanun ), xafian a (qebalo) , nafia'r (agms , hadilinde CCYWlb. Turk dillerindan almm ah d tr (Fas rncr 3, 6J 5). . yacnn siqnah). ;ulll ayr (hurbi rt ba) , .$lCOBYJl (polis), xrar anm
Scun-xa ba r (dah a OX sad xuba r nozurd a tutulur) rus dilini n q ;) - (co bbcxana , am ber}, 6yp>J (bora}, ChI pT, .$lp (yarqan), xyprau, cydim sene dler.n do v.i.) saln amulorindc 13.57~ci. ildan grnma.yv g cax (by k su qabi, vedra): T~ 110 p (t<:lp.~r, .baha) 6~~M ~ (mhr),
? a$la.Ylf .(S r~zncvsk IY 3, 343). Kurbskt llll~_ irsinde scun (qasidj ] ~ 1~~all .( ld o_n !I ~clan ) , 6Y3a (iki ) va s: .t ur~lzm lar d~ l l1111zda arxa1$ la111lt1l1~: h.orna )KC nepCBaJll1JIO Bee BOI1 CKO GOJlh UJOC... 3a TY ~ I k l,) ~d I YlJl d an , onlann rus a dabl dJlI numun<:Jlennda qonmub
eTeny, 1'0 0 1'"I"Y)-13 KuaplO C CCYH'/OM nOCJJaJlII (Kyp6cI< l1 . l1 CTO- ~ SaXlall111aSl; claca do masir d ild<J i~la nlllasi fakt lan dilluri mizin
pml o BCJl HKOKml3C MOCKOBCKOii).
t alaqas inin mhkamliy i, ardlcI11Jgl baxlllllod an had isa ollllalIdlr.
Artlq XVI as rdan ceYIl"JJ, (qasid . apar) sz rus dili ~,)kil- ~
Maraqh va diqqDl lalab eda n lllosv la ondan ibara tdir ki,
isi ili:l scun hik kiml I~;;]an ilir. Rus :\alq da111~ lq diJindv is,) trk , lctilllaiyyvlin bir ox hissasinin rus alm masi kimi qabu l etdiyi
dillorinin znd ,)ki kimi seunik formasmda istifada OJUlllTlU$-[ bil' Slra szJar, 1118sal on: o rypT, KHoeK, .ll pJlbIK, manKa, '-:lYJlaH
dur.
( (OVtlSlan) , l[YJIOK, 6apaK, GaKaJlC}I (baqqa liyyo) , ll1aiiKa, '-:l CMOW\1I, cTaKall , KOJ/CTIKOp (qa lal11kar), I1a)K)~aK, TapJHIJ, i\-lOIICT, KaJ
.
TO pl"<1 , TOlJap, 60JIlW.ll, 'iCK (sa nod 111qavi ta) "jJOTO KOJI ypa
{]:/.\": OiJp{/1! ;\1 T !<!I WCK IIC JUU.I/C/I/(;()(' <IIII IJI a C:{()(iili ! H J.H 51 i h i K e . (, C n(;<'!I!C ~{l5I lil /Op '
.
"
,
~-O,lO.'lIf1}) /974 . .\;'-1. ('5 1
(md ;]), KoGypa, (IJl ITllJl , Tapall, aJlJ\11lpaJl, man, Ka6J1YK, KCqJHp,

38

-== =-1

19

u anma. KOJI6aca RlIllJWI. 11"ICT iUII KCl (0511q) . Ka6 ::J. 1l. C,15;1I1, ecu-

(qiymu tf d a ~) , xtaayr, caparhau . KOJll I 3 K.

urya. nruuan.rp, raacn. xoxryr va s. usit trk s zloridrr. Oxlinda
bu, dilimiza qayrdrs kimi qiym utl e ndinlm ulidir uks tuqdirda bu
gcnis ictimaiyynt te refi ndon rus szloriuin dil imiza aXI~ 1 kmi
qa bu l cdi la bilardi. Bu h al hamm s zfonu qodim rus nhmn asi
ol ma st. dilim izi u zndc iso ox dan p <lSSIV fondu kcurnk UIlUdul mast ilo bag f olmn sdu r.
Rus d ilind o trk di lle rind a n a luunalann i ~ I B n Jl1" dairasi
nezari colb edeeek qe der gcnisdi r. Hu SZI<:Jf gcnis szv aratrn a
imka nlan ve sintaktik aktivliyi ilo du xara ktcriza OIUllUr. Bcla
ki, UZUIl USrI3f a rzind a b u d ildo ayn- ayn trk mnn sul i s zlc r
zerinda onlarJa ycn i s zle r va s z birlosmol uri yara dr lnus d ir.
M e nsa ce trk dillannn ma xsus o lan s zlor rus <'.l deb i drlma daxrl
olduqdan soma hu dilin fonc tik va qrannn atik qanunlarma tabe
olm . Hemin szlar bil" ox ycn i dzolune Vu mrckkub szlnrin,
sinlakl ik birl osm alerin yaranm as tnda istirak cdir. Oir szle, trk
ma nso li s zlo r morfo loj i V~) sintaktik yolJa ycni s xlorin yaranmast n baza rolunu oy naya biluusdi r.
Biz rus d ili edobi-bud ii nm unal eri ZI"V s z yaradicrhgt
faktlan o lan gen i~ malcria h Inhl iJ ctnmk fikrindv deyilik: taken 0
faktlara diqq<::lt yctinllvk istaYlrik ki, IJu proscs haqqJl1da saciy yav i nal ie;)l;)r Il1cydana lxara bilsin, nki a111q ni S dilindv bu
proSCS;) qo ~u l a n sz liirk d illm in ;11 z nll ko ns erva(iv ~arai l lla
nisba tan daha fval olaraq znun Icksik-qralllmatik V,I scmantik
imkanlanm daha da gC Jli ~ b n d i r;) bilir,l M,) s;)1;m , {(xala t) szii
rus diiind\) hoqi qi 111\)'naslllda - st gcy imi nVlllil1 ,\(11 kimi altIlal"aq Wgot tarkibinv daxI O I I1111~, ardll1L'a lWIll n 11l'=l 'na <.tsas mda
artlq ycni ma'nalar ll ki ~ a f edi r. AlI llll szn <l lll1dlgl I1lvnb;:J
dilla rd" m ~J h d <l ctma k olm llr. Xam1TIl<lR OTIIOWCII IIC. X<lJl<lT HaR )f0l3 1J b , XaJlJTIIOCTb, sz va il~ld ;)l \)ri ll d;) 1l ba~qJ , rus 'h li ljuora , 'rapax an.

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l'

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1 Ta.'IIr'r. lIaU.lI,,(JPll/IlI "",J ."

/I m ll l " " }," ' II I/ <,. ,, , '.7"';

C~'IH 1II1,'lA Ut'JlllbH 11""1111111"10:,11

Il/"}I)~'(W'~'" "/'0/1('.1"'''',)<"1<1111 '.-/~IT'

JY/ .\l'lI "..- IJ "."

CIo:II,\ lI J"J~'I/. \ , c. 156

40

Ilol"''-''J\''~'' ' ' 'J( 'm ' ' /JI ' ' { ' f <lM III

gat tor kibinde ki ilnna sok ctsi ila xana'n uc. xa.rl aT l-l bl.~ .~i f;;)t i .
xal ata aid olan , xalatla a laqodar XaJlaT lII l lf CCTDO s zud u n
faaliyya tsizlik fc'I yarad ir: XaJlaTIHIy.an (faa liyyat siz,Ja n ba l
I
hoyat kei rm u k).
'
. .
Trk ma nsol i szlura rus dili nc ma xsus sa kilila r artI.n~ -

maqla bu dild o ixtisas, pc~a ,. s;-'1101. ma~~uliy~at Il?Vva sah l~ l~

ui, icu mai-siyasi mvqc. aqi da va mcyli, ma navi keyfiyyet leri
vu s. bildiran semanuk ca ha tdan ra ngareng, ma zmunlu szla r
varadt lnusdrr . S u kcyfiyy e tloro g?IV trk szlm, ~~ d ilinde z
varhn u daim hiss ctd irir. Drnttnev da tatar ta sin takca leksika; dcyil, ha.~;l J a sintaks ise. morfo log iyaya VB .fOI~etikaya da
(m xte lif yerlarda va -mxta lif se k ille rde ) kc~m ~dl~ ' - d e~a
qcyd ed ir ()l,M ln pllcn CT )!, 504). Bir o x a ski t rkizm la r I~.k
alinma d vrlcr inda bc !a , ox y kse k szyaratma nu kanlan nul11aY I ~ ctd irir. [qor alayt h aqqmd a dastanad a ze ,xan lm~~
trkizmlor siras utda dzalt mu qurul uslu szlor de 6arpoBblll,
oct.u i, }JnOIl'Hl U:t, uor a'ra , opt.rx ta, fiycurii, xapany r t- diqqat i

.ukir.!
A .PJvl c1ior'lI1s k inlll 122 5-c ilodek cla n bilt tin rus d il i yaz r11 abida la rin i ahata cdu n M o nqo llara qedarki Ru s yazrh abide larinde alnu ua snrq szleri tadqiqatmda g sterdiyi ~i m.j . b~
dvr abida lvrind da 6acypMallllllb, l\aTOpra, nOlU 3Jlb kJUu a skl

Ir

derivatlar vardtr.:! B;)dii dil matcriall armda a~~a r etdiyim iz trk

111')Il~o li szlrdtlll yarann ll~ der; vatlann kam iyyatca oxlu~~ bu
sz hJrin l11anil11 sndiimi3si kcyfi yya tlarinin stn olmasl1l1 gos ta ril', nki rus dili vasitasilv kuna r diJ('=lrdull aill1 ma kksemi l~ manims<J dill11;) gstar icisi tukcv u szi'H"in sel11antik adaptaslyaya
mi-)' ruz qa ltn .7s, vn rus dilinin m vafi q qramm atik k ateqori~ala
Tl n l qaz31llllasi iiU l11 a yyun oJllnl11Uf. AllIlmalarm .1HJlll.da bl~ SIra ycni sz yaratmaq n t110h suldar a sasa evn li-J bilma si da
mhm ~mtdir.
I A .I I .liaCKlI"'f HI.

lH'plo:('~'UJl .J"~-C/l"a ti ~ Cl("IC

!J;n: , I. nI/om",;. ,,1/ tI H ...J IIOf"",.wui/

~." rJ('p~tl.W" II ",(""',,i, {'{j"l"lIIIo: IIJ71 ,

f"

0 Jl O.JK)' H?OJ}{'6e ,

c.I Ol

/I II JY" I' JlJlN /1/lOp""JUor, 6 /J.lOCCKO.'f RJV/ Kl' .

37.

41

B.clahkl~ ,

s zyarat ma imkanlan aluuu a s zlerin daxiJ olJ

Mil ), TYMi.UlIla}/ L:U..H:i<1111UJ, 3a TYMaHCllHbl M B3rJI51)l0 l\1 B p a.n )f)KIIOM

d~gu dl.ld<:J mnrnmsndilmasiu in esas gstanc ls in;) cvril ir. Tiir'~ TYl>laIJC CJle3 V;) s. (hanust K upn nd and ir. El a e;] de
kIzml8f1l~ nksariyyati rus dilind o mvafiq qranuuatik /cll1nalanf 4 CPllbJii TYMam> h ck aye sin in ad! dn moeaai olaraq
qebul e.d lf. sz yara.nc ihgntda fa al istirak cd ir, dtgar linqvisti

katcqo riya larla elaqeya girir.

d~!i
d.~n sel11an~Jk

yazi m m
ldiiriicil,

mohvcdici duruan , serair m a 'nasllld adl r) .

Rus dilmdo ayn-aynhqda bas va b as ltk (1. BH }l xaruo-

Rus

sokilcilari elavo cdtlan uirk mensof s ztor ycni.& IIJ Olla; trk dillarinde baslik pasni er 1,139 qcyd; bu sozda n ilk
C<lhaldan tangarong calarlar qazanaraq l11xti,lif: soslorin shk dsmesi ila - harbi papaq sz dzalmi~dir. 2, Basszlor!a bag ll J1l~Jz11111111aryarad(l bilmisdir.
t IJ k - agsaqqa l, re is Pasmor 1,139) szleri daxil oldugu ~aratda
y ununla yanast, qeyd cdok ki. trk m nn sul i s zl, szva-~ aynca b as szndan baska rus diliudaki qolova sznn israt ma.. l1~bn!ar.l1l<l gro do cyni dcyillar. Bu zaman tobii ki, "'birt tchza ilu dcy an adr va mstoqil 6awlJ5I - q lle szlari ya-

~Ira rrkizmlorin xsusi nmhsuldarhgl

arplr. Rus dilindu'

l~la. n v~l tuma~l (duma.n) bu..ma'nada dalia zongin vasito kimi diq.f
q;,: J t1 ca lb cdir : rangma go1'a _ xpacnu T)0>l aH , ronvona'n.ni.
(TYJlla H), paJ()0KHhl ii (TYJllaH), KpacHO-rOp5[ IJHii (TY,\f(lI~), 6eJlhl::
(TYJ\ IaIl), lJ CP1l0-P: IB O-CCPhli ("1'Y1\1 <:l1 I), r ycro-porosr.r ("rYJ\lall), l'
J\lOJI01.nIO -p03o~hll l (TYJ\li.lH), JlblWJaTbI (TYMall), ccpcpuc'n.ui .
(:~J\,13H), cepsm (rY~fall), cCIlO1 (TYMan) ccpt.ui _ )I(CJ\I'I)0f\ll blii '
1~l\lall . Z,a ll)~:l111 1 .bJid'EJlllar: yrpcnnnii (T)',~ I,\Il), IIC lIllll1 1 (1'YM<lH), 1/0

m ali

(TYJ\B ll),

g7<::1

OCCllIJC~TJ'M8111l0C (yrpo),

raaproncxuii

(TYMaH).
Kcyfi yyer bildiraular: TYM aHlIa;! (nyna] , r cmn.ui ( rYMall)
TYi\falIll~C (ne fio], BCCeJlhIj (TYi\WII) TmKCJlbli1 TYl'lWH, nenp o- j
r~15rll.IJI.>llI (ryna n) , CJJa J.lOCTl1bJii (t'ystan} __ ins anm psixoloj i V;] - '
ztyya tmn aid; XOJI01J/iLJir (1'YJ\1i.U I), c t.tpnii (1'Y1\1<111). BOJlIUC'6I1hli- t
(TYM3H ), 3aT)'1\IalleHl-IbIJl (B3rJUIll), TYJ\taJlJ-iLle (BOJllJhJ), T)'1\'faH- '
HOC (~6c lllaHHC), J(one~JJlOU(IIic} 1 (TYl\-Jall), ilJlOTHh Ul ("rYJ\lall), '
JlCrKHII .(TYJ\1~U~), .CH:hJJi (T)'i\l<ln), B T)'1\1aH c CKop611 . f\ h :lkanda
manSubIYYDt llll blldlronlvr: ,J,HCJlpOnCKuii (tuman), finsklY (tu man) va s,
~
.. ~(lIS d.ilino kcmi 9 kanar dil vahid l\?lrinin 1ll8nims<311ilmasi
gost~ncIli::ln t,)kc<::I bu szl",r1l1 h,)min dJida sCJll<lntik ada pbsiya- ~
Y<I .llgrama sl va rll~ dilinin l1l vnllq qr31llll1 atik katcq{ ,nynla ml(\ '
1.I.~gunJa~m3~~n?an IbarJ[ deyil, h'-l111 dJ bu ,<;' o' L!urin bil' SI1"a yen i
sozyma t111i1 UUIl HS3S oJa bilm,lsi ij;) bagJl(hr. T y r-l ,Il IIl: IJl l"J1Y- f
6HIIa llpC MCIII1, T)'1\1 31 1JlTC51, 'wTY:-'f a l l ll BI II IIM llC 51 TO CKOii (nl ,na- ~

-==:..- [

rannusdir.
Bu proses mxt;,::J liftarixi dvr te rde eyni sc k ilda getmemis
va leksik matenalm yalmz bir his sosini ahata ctm isdir, buna g 1'<1 do rus di linin leksik va qra mrn at ik sist emi nde trk almmalartl1l1l ycrini dulia daqiq meyyan cd an bir ox mu mi V ;) aynca
xsus iyy,Jtlvrn i q ruplasdumaq olar.
Rus dilina kean t rk ma nsalt szlerin xeyli h iss asi bu
dilin bir s ira s zdzoldici :;ivk ili l<:J rini qabul edero k mxtal if
mazmunlar yaradtr . Bu zaman q isrn a n m a hsuidar va davamlr
modellard an istifada edili r. Onl ar t rk lekscm la rina tipik rus dilinin morfoloji ala mot'ariln k1l1ibat-g l'iin$ vennakla hamin
s zlerin rus dil inda dJlu::;anlann lga t ehtiya nna daha intensiv
daxil o hualunna sarait yaraumsdrr. Somamik h axt rnda n m a yyan bil' szdan bu dild8 mst,xlil dcr ivatlan yal'ana bilir: Mas;,::Jl,)I1: 6ap aGall ....: 6apa6al-lWI1K - 6apa6am lT, oT6apa6aHIH , 6apaGal1Jlan I11 i(ypa -(SY91, 6apa6aHlIhlJI (6oH) ; U itua ll , }ll1BaWJHK,
JlllBallH<UI. Ka:.m a : Ka3Cl1Hhl11 (CII CT, .ue PCBl I5I, O}le)l(}la va S,),
K3'3 1l0KIJ<IJt, Ui.\PCK;UI K<1311a , Ka3HoxpanHTCJlb, K<l3JlOrpa6HTCJJb,
1I"\HJ'Icil, K<l3C1l1l1lK (artilicriya va thmg l1a sinin axma q yer :-,
l~di rrl,Jl1 arxa hissusi), IW3Cl1Ka (trnm); Ka liJ\t3 - OKaMJI HTb,
\Jl\OrIM nmOllJllij, oKaiii\lJICHHaH, KaCM Ka; KapaYJI - KapaYJl1ITh,
Kapaym;:a , <ma KapaYJ1)} (hrbi hal -vaziyyat bi ldira n nida), Kapa~
)'Jll IBlLI;\}I, K<lpaYJlbIlbJli (ol\mncp ), KapaynIJJ l1 K, 1I0Jll<apaYJlb, oxpalll lTC Jl blla51 KapaYJl va s; TYM3I1-TYl\ I<1 Unw <J51, TYMall Ilo, TY"'la~,
11 0-r oJl y6blc, rJlyxoii TY1\Wll, T yr-U ll}ITC51, TYM<J IIHJlaCh, TYM,UI HO~
43

I
I
I
I

~i

TeMH3 .s1;

KO'lh - KOYCBa Th ,

KO'/CBLe, ll OJlYKOI/CJla51 ()1(ll3I1b),

x o-

ki. sozvaratma
tiplerinin rus dilini n biitn inkisaf bovu daha murni va dalia
e:tibaril tipi - trk leksik clemcu tturi as asmdu yaran an mxt olif
sifat formalarm m \'11<1;:)18 gulmosidir. Trkizrnluriu vnrat(iJi!. 1 denvaa n n byiik bir qismin i nisbi sifatlar taski l cdir. Hu '~su
siyyati bir ox redciqatcrlar qcyd cdirlor.! llpu ')TOM OTHOC;j uyrounui (uapon) , KOllCUKa vu s. Faktl ar gostarn-

''i

TeJIb HbIe H n pnraacareauu.rc npJJ.TJaraTC,TIbllhIC C OJlIIJl5lKOIlOi-i BCp OJlTH OCT hl

MOfJlJ{ n O.5l: BM lT b C5I IWK OT OC IIOB ~ 31lHIOHOB CO

tucro cOCTa Ba, BOT YTO ( <<3 a n HCKIl )l{eJI~6)f)l<cKoro) ; n aa a pcst .te

xoroprae 0603 1lil'IaJJlI

{rnaaa}, -)J(CW IY/l\ Hal.l , KaMbllllOBblii (n apyc, KpCC JlO , MYJILllU TYJ) ;

IJ ToprOBO-IIl IYllICCTBC'Hllf,JC

cypryu n.ni, a pWIIJlllo I H (apas-ma xypnca ), 60)JpcKa~ (uranaa,

eona}, KYl\-Itl'lll bll1 (oro, py6axa, 33I1aBCC, BOpOTHHK , xyiuax),
fiaaapnt-t ii, lIl a (jJp<UlIIOC, apax yneaan (uianxa, My<j)"1"a), xapaxy-

3HaYeI-l HC!l-l JIH u:a , Ta K IJ OT T10pK ll3 MOB,

KOHKP CTll l;IC 6 blTOBbiC
n U1DITIf.5l:.

npc.urcru

.
Isimlar dan sifot dznldihu-knn iJH gcnis ViJ faa l s zyaratma
lI~~k.~nl an rus diJi forman tlau olan -uti, -an sakil ilurinin payina
ds r.
1. S ifJ t yara da n saki lllor!u qosulm asr vasito silo: KaH aycO B~I j" , H3YilfPY.llllhl, "pnbIIlJl blii, cacjm lllll,lii, arnacrn.ni, TYl'IfallHbllf, orrYilfalJClIllhUl , ynoacuu, 'ryrym n.ni, oyml."lllbllj , ](0 'IeBoii fi arp om.ui, fiarpanaa, HaCYVi\I.TI CHlJbli, ypi n.ni, UJanO'IIIhIJ (3 IHl KOlllblii), urano-niuf (pas op), Y<JThlii, KllPJrIJ'IWUl, 1I:1IpnJllIaTblil, anrt.nmt.ni (alun deyonndo clan), am-ui, IlaBbl{)IICII HhIl1 {Ilepczto MHOIO LlBHra.Tl'lCL '1),;1-1"0 cepan CIIIlIIa C II<lBbIO'ICIiIlbl M

ilo cynilasdi rird isa da arasdirmal ann naticosi olaraq basqird.dilinde at iu ctimolog jyasr ala banuan va lUS dilins moxsusvbez.
hissoc iyile qaygtstz. yiingiil adam bu sz n mezmununu.tal
marnlayu nati cas inu goli r (Dmitricv, s.555) . Altb-verdi yinis
aub-tutdugunu bi lmayan mo'nas i Aza rbaycan dilinde de vardn..
Bu sz rus dilindo alaqadar me'nada caanacpura ai sa klinde
yeni sz kim i islun mok la z ma'n asmca b tvlosrnis va .dorinlnsmisd ir. Mus: li C3 <lJl a6ep UJHlJOH , . . . rn yn ocrt-tc nauanc'rayto-.

Ha HC C 6ypbiM TCJIJl"Yb I IM paIJI(CM . , . H

Py')l(l,Cill Ha IU/C'JC

(Fa pun ur. 113 BOCIl OM III/ a ll li ii j"UI1l0BorO ]-1B<1lI 0 B<l , r- . I) xaxruarnas (kamxa szn dun (saJfctka), KaGaUKJl, ](,16a'IWj}l 6C3 aJla6epuLlii (rus dilindo islcnun V,) rerkibindaki ala hem, kk "y dm grn on trkizm mnhz rus dili fonuantlurunn kumu yi iln rus
sziina evri l", bi l ll1i~diL Dmitric\' /mtla bl! szlin ilk btlxl$dan
uzaq ronctik varian tJ nlan liirk irOl d;Jsi alp \)1" - (p1mllnan SZCI

JIlJCTbJii (1 IOtICpK), uta rpoura

lila), 6YII' IYKOBLli ,

Ta(]nm lOii ,

(kp t.uu,

Xp3M); 6YW lY)KllbJi:i (na-,

na pY OBhI H , Ta6)'HH bJH , tuancauii,

xaaa-u.ro, raii ny -n,e, yrrancxa ir, rJlHHH CThlH., Ta MO/KCHHh I , TC(nuuuc] ficc'ranannaa va s. Qeyd cdak ki, sife t vasita sila
umala gakm epite rtor sayca dali a coxdur. Bela olan ha lda trk
ionscf sozlur rus dilindo siot dzal da n sa kilei la r qabul cnakla bu dilin cpitctlari srrasuu dalia J a zongi nle sdirirlar. Bununla
bagll yadda saxlarnaq lazund rr ki, epitetlur milJi dili u qizrl fonuna dax ildir. '
Sexs bildiran ycm s z yarat ma mod cli J a geuis Y3)' l 1l11l$-

JIC)J(Il LJlI

2. Miixtalif isim lar va rad un saki lilori n qo sulm asr ila.

CallOBHJlK, ocamca, (san szundnn] (ia x an e ii u mx , Ka 3 Ha'ICIl:, J-lYX3IJlUlil(, 01l<UIIICK (odahq} , cyirrau ura, CYJlT311 Ka (bahq), 6apbIw li l/ I": , 6::iJJal'allllllll\, 6aJw l'<JlllJuma , Gapa6 aJlW HK, apIlJHIlHlfK, Maii - I
) ta l l lJIII K, K,iJlb5111IlTIJK, Galll ~la'IIl JlK,

KapaYJIbUJIJK,

GlJpK" (gCYll ll adl), 6oraThlpwa, 3 u nYllllHlK,

I

1.fI. jl/it.7b1l1/eCiI.

l iOfJ},'CKlle

] iJ lI. \l ll/(!I) 6 011 11!1 (!

IJl ("Cql.\-

I1I1 ("b_1/{/

,\ 1'111 c . C T lIJ? } . "\Y/. (',3-1-35. .- U I, Hl~ 1 N ~-(;

1I](,1~o. 1/

IIIJOjJK II J.I /()(;

C1 011HII CJ; II.l;

5IJ(,I~"{)(!.

}O.IICiJ t'IIJ111 G (

"ti

1I( !.II>lIIIIIII H l l

,)e:)()(,"r,)

O CII(J( 'III I<' CIJIIII>t ilie'lO/!I,", '},'II _\1

CJIO IIOO P(l ] (HiW IW .,/h JW .\/ .1!(),,"J,,"_

IJ ~l:

Bllhko A _N. Gsli!1l1lJ1I aSi)lJ : S,'JS

(dam ir yo- .
rai si) 6a3apHhlii (inovnik) ,

jpKIJrHTOBK3, 511\lIlllIK , Ta6YIlI Il HK, KOYCB h ;l , yyr)'H Ka

1u),

6alllllJl" , BnTa)KKO

(vataqa,

<!rtc!

/lJW II (

I I( C/ 'OJ'''II'''' (ill 'l .

1;./ /..\fJ.'lo

C.'IO'"''I''' ,'HlI IJI PII W !!

Jl . ,"Im F"". 11) 7'). cJ

44

CIJ-

'/lOJ W II tll iJI (,""nl/ O'/JiO

/Ia)'~'a, / 97-1, ,'Ij,,'. ;'-A\ 'I !(I(;c~"llii .I;"},CIiUI IJl If!J'~"(K(),()

1II IJpO rW_.)(!f!YCCKI!. II 'IJI>I ~'<' h i.'1I!1II Ja{;tbdd S _. 7'J-')7
'\/ .

'ICKJHIllHK,

naii uU1K, aJ IT LJHH HK,..

45

f!.l~ '('KO<'(J

,1IIII/ep iJ m 1 ) I W ? (J JOb /K(I

..
ana ficpnoa nnuc (hanu sr a labcrdu ila
si la hla nnu s ada m) : aTa ~laIi CTB O . xaunam .mr. noa xaunant.muc
aJ Ja6e p DHHK, a.lIa6c p D U1I1 K,

rarapnn

(bitki),

KYHiIllKa>l , c a r aiina -mux. M<l rapII1IIIIiK. ar pcn .

arpa m ma ( a rlann qadim d vrlerda ton tnnali mcrasimlardn

gcydik la n q trrruz r ran gf pallar. porfi ra ] fiax r.r p. (baglr, q trnuzr.

mis) s znde ndir. rus dil indo f ia rp c asni (ran g ) ~'O X islun ihr).
K3 33 KlfIT (gcyirn adr}, 60JlPl>IIll WI. sca-uu.r ii [mo'm ur}, II]IUMCU.
IIJ lMUHKa, 6aCMa '[ (so not kar). GCJJlCIIC:tK I.C.
3. Rus diJi ki iltmo, Jz i:d .l I11 J sakl lilor! qobul l'Ill1.JkIJ:
KliceT-KlICCTIJIllKO; ccps r u -ccp caaca. or-ronn u-o-r-rouaus a . 63ma x-fiansmox, JI<l YYI"a -JIa \.) y tKK3 . apXaJIYK-apXaJT)" IOK, xanar-xaJJaTII K, JlIOJlKa {ltil n), Ty n yn -TYJl yn'-lIl K, xaiixta-kacxtxa. TCO laTCCCMKa, TCCCMO' IKa . TYM<l I-l - T YM'IIJYlI K. luj m ll l-,,;u lr r,lIl'I IIK,
KapMaHtlllK, fiarpax -Iiarpa'r xa, cypr )"l -c yprYYHK, lIa CK. CYHll YKC)1lnY'IOK , C)'HDY'1II111 KO. il(C~1 LJyT- iKCM'I Y){<1Il11<a, Iiar u xrax - Ga JUMa'tOK, 6 a 1IlMa'lKII , a u nra uou o x. a ur-ann c a : ' Ic K3JI1'a. CTJKa ll -

YUK, KoGbIJlKa,
ma'IOK,

WIllIIKa, un uncs xa, ana rau-ur, lIIaJ1 am11 K,

capa s ux ,

KY-

CIOpT)"IIIWKO. 6Yll11YCII K, 60JIUJ H'I It I;:, 6 0JI -

eaun ca, '1y 6 )"1 KII, 6 a pa W CK, llYJlIG1 ,

DYJlO' IKa,

6apCY' IOK,

fiap-

CY'lII 111Ka, 51 P]l hl ' JOIC OaUlJ! bI'II<, Ka p a KYJ l h l<:l (ui y al. l x oni ll V),

KapaYJl Ka ,

KOJtn 3' IOK ,

uran o'uca ,

a p f..HI ' IOK

(annak-st gcyim i)
Icpon a}, TCJICr a-Te-

apUIIIH'IlI K, xana mnn xo ( uartan ). CIIOlle' l KJ

nCiI\KJ, 1I0m3}l Ka, IIIJMuiiJ.:a ( ~ <lI11a Yl ballg l), m y6cii K<I . IIIy6 Ka,
TOp GO'-lK U, Top GIIII Ka , \')YJI3 I1' IIiK . lIYJI O' II;:11, Ktll\l bIUJIII I Ka. nm.r -rapka (tfeng nv}, 11 310 MlIlIKa , !<O' ICJlhlil<Ka (kocrqa ], Kypl,lH'1111(, GCKCIlIKa, K<JIIypa-KOll ypK<I. 1\,I'\C [[ I<(1 ( Iiinuu}, Tl()T IOJlCU,

6 I1TO'l.Ka, TOBap K<l . llCIiJKOIIK<l {IJOII<lp Il K, l l ~.'r)'l I 'II I K

reu-

(qab-q az an) .

JM6ap 'l Il K. nonym s a (e pu! szndunknc ucaoca (xtrd a pul}.

Za rf ve fc'Ii si for:

lar ol araq Kapa YJIIITh. 3aTYM<UIltTh, 6apblWIIJI'I3Tb, a:m 5l.THII'l. a: ,

TOJIMa'I-TOJIMa'lIlTh ( x dam smaq), J1K lllbHI K l1Ia~C~ (razth ga

golmek) . llYPl\f;IllIITb, Kll P lIJl'lIiT bO I (sa rtlasmuk, zndan lXmaq) anaryptrn-, fiynraxu rt- , 6apa6alluTh. KotieBaTb, fianarayTIlTh, 'lc pJlaW lI1l'l <lTb (a rda q da yasaruaq ). oKolMn.H~b, ~eTb:
caramrn.ca. fia-ponc'r, ap WII II lI l\ l laTb (paralan n kiik ticarntt
iln mosgul O\l11<1q , ar ilik), HacypMJlClla (siin n a la nnmk) fianaranuu kimi leksik vahidlori do gstormek olar.
.
Bo'zon hu sz varatmarun cla bil' nvii m c yd a n a 1Xl f ki,
bu ycni a d motnd a ha rru n I11n'lul11 sz!a yarantr. Ma s<J!an : Tu lstoyun Dirilmn oserin o : Anna nocena BMeCTC, nac npOBO,llhl :
Ycno omd a: _ C'rap urui i aan cp, a ca na ceJIO yuen - Hy, TaK
aflna rc 3.LlCCh

K :HIlT::l II ,

II OJJCT~\ K:11I a HOJI-an!'l ,

UJ:11IJ":l - IICBll i ll IMKa .

JI ,UlO 11 OTBcpllYJlaCb (EYII IlIi. H aTilm m ), ll n }I ~ l C l( l1, 110 ' I CpJla 'l -

BO- p y r-.Oi Ull<O! ,

1I0/ll Y,

,UlCI01l1 Hii,

iKCM '[)"A\1I0,

1;'ll<a 6<1JI CJlJIJ,I X . ( 1<1 Ka 6aJlClI l l blii ) . KO'I )' HHl ll lii.

6apafiall}l

( lIa JIl>!t<lt-III). GlIp iOKO M

TypM<l llml <g yur in bmi).

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.
4<>

(ca na var kimi),

lIa U J., IO' jCIIIlLIC, o c a u x a , n s -

111::U lT hl lI Jl bll , KpaCII O-C3 (ll h IIll OC, n OJly - c a G.'1S1 , u ranxa-tun e xr,
pI030 BO- CCp hl

1'111'011' 111 0,

3JB l a1HO, 60laTL1PCKII, an o .

..

Bu szlur rnuxtalif rut q hissa lerino aid olaraq da :~5 dJi.~ Ilda islani rla r. Mosal en. Kc i i{j> (a sli arab~a ols.a. d.a , ru s d ll m~ turk
dilla rinde n (Dmitr iev konkrct o laraq ttlrk d ili ile yan.a ~1 ozb~k
dilinin da rolunu qeyd cd ir. 5.53 6) nikbin ahval-ruhiyya , ..s ag lamh q, tonus me'nalarmda ahnaraq isladili r. Buradan da KelHlJOnart, rus dil i znm ini ndn a mola ga lon fe'l dog mu sdur. . .
Ycni ya ranan szlerin xsusi bi l' ~ipini rus. dlh I.n orfe.~l
lari i szlon vas itasi lo d ah a avvo lla r bu d ildo nmn imso nil nn tur k
man sol i sztorin mr.Jkk;)bla~mDsi notica sinda me ydana ~ga l an
trkizmlor toskil edir: nO)lI~ aJI LlI lIlllUK , -rpex a p tun n ntan, nonyap u uu i, 6 C3:U W GCpll hll. Hoen xo n-rcr, i1 0JlYIW'ICBb.SI, n01lY-

capaiiuo. riar poeo. f ian ara uO ua T OlKC II KpaCIlCJlO - TOll KO

ilO,

",

Ara~dlfd l ~pnl1z trk mansoli s zle r ia ris inda yeni denvat-

n,

Kpncnaa 11Ian Ka , GJlCll llo- Gll p I030 nblc, 611

30JlOTItCTO-iKCf\~'IY~bI l ,
'~ cpIl 0-6 arp oBbli , M)'T1I0-6a r p OBf,IH, 6arp ~.

1I0 )IK :11l1l3 JI h lt UKII ,

Kp ac I Hl - 6 a q l oB<Ul,

IIO- S1 I\I CIOI ,

Tl0 - ' I CPJ.l:l\ ' 11W MY,

CYMp;J' IIIO- a JI 1.1 it , CIIw - a .Tlhlil ,

I1Jla MCIIlIO- 3 .Ilb l ii,

~?JI OT"CTO -aJJ hl ~~,

Ilpa ll lKl' BO-aJI1.111 ,

I, YM a"IO BO-KpaCHafl,

HC)f{ IIO- a JIbl l l,

' IY1l0 -G o r 3 T l. l pb, BOIIII-

60nlThlpJ., Jlc l 6 - y m 11l, n c p e 6YJlnl'lItTL. 1l0 - n MUIJIll hll:. JlJpl~

P Y~111 0- l CJlCl1 bI ii , lI e )J{IIO- 1I3Y MP Yllll hl il , 6cJleco -6y Jl a HhII l, n e r o -

-===-~

47

I. r<l~II'<) I ' N. A"Cll h 3y C.1I11/rkc.>."ill /!/ milhl",.m ilsl l<

1rili IJ , 1')<)5. ,\. 75.
; /l!U~1Slr A :,nbil!'c,m ddl, ICiM EIIII 1I,'/,<I1)y,'II, 11. . I <J7S, .. J J 'J
I w o (] ('(; Ii /'. ( e. I ""III I /I ''''C~'lw 111.11( '11<'1111(- 1JI~'l'k'I' 1.11"': "1'" 111 hili ' '''III':'' '' '' ",W

1971..\!il. ('.53

4"

/ '/

'
49

(eLPJI>! 1.255). - Ml)I 11f J1t:T C IJ) ' l1I<lT1, "lI.' G ~.

1\ x l\; lI(1f~ ~II> I subvc ktiv llllinasih;lthm !;.lll dog1l111 ~dur. cxovun Y axs t ad am II C)K ll h IC! l;aJW3 r t.i . fianaa ( I O p h Kl li i. lopcxu.n,o II ,mCJI ). Ha r- lap; asurindu vazrr rus Ci11l1iyyatinin zndc qadda r va nadan
du k- trk dillorindo qab . rus dil indo s.ust uilanu l o p l a ~ d l g l ver. ada mlau has rbuz uk adlandtrtr: (Bcp a) E CJIII 6hl iKlI3J1h qC~IO
em b u r - tr kca a l .1I..:ii n d ~i ll h rl lll ~ hor ci ir lp . ril" dilmd, BC'leCK,UI u n u 1l0CTpOCll a na uava nax HcnpOTIIB JlelllUI 311Y A

iso yalnt z yyen. cilov me'na suu lul di nr.

Turk szlariuin rus dilindo scmant ik cnhu tdun d, )Y I~Ill '\ SI
nin xaraktcri mru kke b. CYUl zumauda luutorall idu: l ll ~ a trki zm i (d ~ ) ( Radl ov .1 .2. 116X) rus dilinde l dl riitlll ~ bey van c.uu da yi mo'nasrm bild irir. (Hudii dildo) iusan haqqtnda J a i ~I;Hh hr :

'11(1 ;KC OCTUlOCI:? H a JIOl l}!: l ; aIl IIll YJP;:lI 11

noua

Tep m lMOCT lI ,

K italun ~u r h h l' hiss:.)s in(b ba stbuzuk (trkcu sz). - pa36olllll~ .

ronoeopc- _ dcyu 1ll,,'nalandll'1 lJr. cxov ocrklurinda di) bu soz quld ur. ognl ma'nusinda isledir: CKUlIllllCKII C 6aw n6Y3YK H
ll oJIY~lIIJl II KOlllJ1I C oG11l lH HTCJl h il Or O as-ra (H C K0 11 h KIf ~OCKOB

cKoii ih l U IlI P ) Burada bas rbuzuk dedikda oxlu pul m<:l11l111 S<3YiJl1
bank-nwl iYYi] i ~ il :')l" nuznrdu tutulur .
. ..
.
A ~a gldakl gst,ln:ll':i'ly il11 iz ma qam da ko nkrot yen gostm:llncc cuoci i TYIIICi i na nnuau (L ynuu . I'l !np,WHcKll ii capiulltlil).
crt oq Iardaq] - cviu . lu narun hndr ii..;1 his!,;v, l, rusca dnbdu- , muk lu d ah a gc hi al nrda lm s jbu zuk xam , nadan, l11i)d;)11I Ybali. ev . Tr~~n a lactq . k<lf i cvi . dun \':1 kcud.m 1l. ~ lh; 'qq;ll l Yl lSiz ..d.un m o'nalanna xidmot cdi r : I IoJl.yr.1CllIL ' !TO ancci,
q urgu. n is dilindo la uq a kast b dn xrn n. 1\. 11 ' 1"111 :1 llllkc; l 1111 - P C' I], ll Jl l' l nc 0 ltllHllJllnOnilll llm.l. y r.1lI0M (IJ1Xl l1ltY'J C, n CO nep, a 0 Ki\KO M-TO nn da" , h ara)' (qurl armaq -. xi1 ;IS dl1li Jk S/ ii lHhlll) 1.,."i10Jrl~L rus di- llIClICTllC 'l ll a K0 1>llJlvl C YCJlOBlBI :>1l1 ll pll Jlll
linde h;:rViJcall, gall ~ l q Jlg , Kal anca trkcu kalau. k:llaclq t kui k KO~I 6a llll ,lG)~\YKC In AllpH~1I 10nO.lHl [Fpnropoun't . JIIITcpaT)'pqala } rus dilin de Vi.lll !!ll1s n d r"-lll!:) Il11 \mmsl Vil gillil-pn!Js ida- II"I C HOCIlOMIIIWHII C rn..XV).
T a rx un - tark an. Hunn. XZ;)f. bulqar va s. trk va
ralarinin Z<3 rindi-l gUnllan tikili.
Monbu dildaki bas t p Ol: ll<J Ibasrouzuki] S/ handa. monqo l xalqlannda layiu gi'l rlm$ ~lbiJ, ad.. d r.m iJkd ir - dey~
quldur nc fbrlo ri dcnta kdirsu rus dilindu s z Faxmorin qcvd ct- Baskakov lqor alayt haqq mda (lJstandakl trkizmlordon bobs
diyi kim i T urk ordusunuu q cy ri-ui zam i hi ssasinin as uari (B ax: ede rka n yaZ If. (~QlZII O rda cpo xasmda xsusi scmo tabaq<.J bel,a
adlnm rd t. Astar xan ~"h:Jr aUI J a {Hact T arxau va T arxanov fami Fasm cr . 1,139) mc'nas uu U;l~IYIr. Hun unla yal1a~1. rus hudi i diliyas : huradandu'] (0 111 .59 6)) . Gcni s trk U I,lY~SI x ..n i ta siudn y.~ r
Iinda (( h a~ i bllZU b ) SZ t1l umiyyat la ltirk ,)s!!ar d CIlli.l k d ir vu
bu szd:J tr],: sgi)r!arilllll ~ i~i rdi l l11i~ q''lddarlJ il Il'a (hl ol llnm : A adl 1\ i 1lli ox i ~,;J ::m i: m l ~ux (1l1 ach ~"lXS adl klim saxlanllsa da oz
l1l'nalan vla azad . si)rbvst adam, vc rgb rc!;)n azad ma'n as.md ~
) "1'0, 3J1>lCTh , I3cPYll~, G h L!IO B TO Hp cwr: liO r"l.l, i1 li 'll ll lJfi~' J ~ ': ll 111>1 artlq arx;;ikkl~mi~. ya ll11z AZ;:l rbaycanm dialcklliJrim.la .ViJ ~ l falll
PC311B<U III lIa UllI llllKCT!>l Ta K iKC n p o CTO. 111\ Sl pnCJla m.:K;\H GaGa
;.ldi_~ bi vvat niimUlliJl"rinLliJ arkylin , azad adam kll111 ara-sl~a
na oroPO).I,C cpCJacr K<JII)'C111 hIC KO' I.UlIl (KYIlPII II. I'p all aTU HJ,lii
rasl g~iillir. Tarxan sz tarixi 111<J'nasmdan fa rqli olara q SkUP$lk
6 pacJlcr) V.Q;U~ ill d <:l hckay" sindil t rk or d usn d yii ~l 0 nlli
({ba~bll Zllk)} adlandm r: 31'0 JIY' lll1 l'. ~IC~l PlI CI(()I W"I r. 1l 0llaCT H
._ kundlilnl,)1l lllCYVi1, kDlan , yurt, dari a!tb liJdark eden ada m
Jl a n h l GaIlI IIGY3YK:l1\l (laplllllll. q ~T ['lpC l l l l }I) . 0 " \ \,.dk li m nd,, dil
1Jl\)'na~l1I d a cia i:;;I,l11 ilir (Fasll1 cr 4.25). Rus had ii matcriallan nda
Ja szn hum in 1ll"" llada d oK;) diJ s rb;)st, zba.}ll1a (adam) 01<:1 'lrk usgari m'l' naslllda ba.} ibllzu k i ~ lutl11i ~d lr: C'ram l Ml.r B O p U ~
naSlIllll saxi and lg llll lnsdi q ('da n fnktlar vardlf. 3 TO Tapxallc, MC. 'l an.C}I, a Galll llGY3) ':U IIJ1IaJllI nonaJllllliUOr (LIIl"Il III . ;\ }ICJliI pCKoe 111:110 ) . Rus-tiirk l11 iiha nhas i !..!.cd :;; inda ltirk [1arlr7anlan Vil
llJ,a ll C _ C<1nO fl Il Il Kll . l1aCh1l1al0T }J6 nol\lI, ' IT0 6bl 11 1I0'Ih oTIl paBf l rk ordu.su nsgarhll'inin ba ~ibuz uk adli111d ln I11la~1 onl;lra olan
1111Th II.X IJ ropoH 0 ; YIl1l11. {(AllTOllOBCK lI e }!GnoKI D .
llaBai TYWI':Y TaIlIIlTb. Btsnn CI"O ccii-r ac 1a l\;lII ; WJ/I ,j It uo uo
JIOKJlI I 1I,l1a) ( (1;1'111111.

l IO'IlI Ofi pmru unn). Cn

IU .JlO.\lHI W l}liliO

lll15l

50

~-=-==-

51

--====-

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"I
i

Moskva Krcmi i qllul arin dnn biri ()1/.11 mcyda na h,I,\ <l11

Nabat leksemi rus dilind ., hundan basqa qey ri-adi ha llarda

Nab al qll us id ir. Bu qll n puyt axta zuu g qllosi (ko luko l-nabat)

-. ynugm . mhuribu a rm

kimi xidm at edirdi.!

Rus dil inda I) :-- ' i al ha yvcan . ;lg 11l~ rcvoqa kuni ma'nalarda gCl1i ~ islonir ~z rus dilindo 0 qudar gcuis Vil 0 q.ut.u I\) ruri rola rnalik I I11 11~ tlur ki. rus dilindo N abat adh q.vct
nosr olunmusdu.:' AZ<lrbaYC:IIl trkco sin do nvh;\llIllii,hil ('Sir:!
mn'uasr ilu yasayrr: ... mulk udarlar ayaglllf ovurduta r. kurh ala yi

almaq (51 r.nr Y unc

(C,' uIlWnZ,) 1l111l11 .

aafiun n uf ia r IJ nee
xuba rdarhq. cloco
tb dcdi qodu. bos bognzhq cuno kla hay-ky sa lmaq ma'nal annda ox isluni hr: JKC IICKIIC }fl1>IKIl 61>IOT B naar ( 4CXOB. OeK0 1l" 1<11.. . ) ) .

harbi msiqi takmu - o rkes tr B vk scl c klarda . Ana dolu scl-

digor bo'zi Turk Dvia orinda ... hokmdarhq ula-

matlarinden biri olan nii\ 'h;)l gn<!'J bes dnlu cahnmh.'

Bizim bilavas ito bu tertuin liZI<J apan ltgllllll; mus ahidu kn
g sta rir ki. mas ir dvrde mocuz fnsaraq (hay-ky) qaldmuuq .
a g m~ mc'nasmda islnni r. bu SZ tarixon hom harbi termin .

ClIfHIIl!J.:G1I ril, Topa"e6clwil.ll.8. 7(111011/1_111111 .I Jocn;lJl. C 97.

-' " /\'3b.W> - rus d/lIndiJ iJJfJn i ll I'illli'u inJiJ RSUFI'-n;n B01kll".~~IJ'lfml/1 0 /11....11/ '10111.
nll/I J_\31t/iffl qcy,;,lcq.ll JUf/Ml ' ,,1\:1h.7l>l osr'" _~OIlIJl"f./ ClIc l',eda 'II.~ inl}tlOih tl:/fIm n 1Ii1,q crJl~v;Jllmal ,</b b.'fIn - 1115 dilmdil fh /1/1 U I' ! a I/iJ/ md., lJ.1kf(1.1 niJ,''- (111111.111
I

_rrr

Ic(pl riJh/ri qi lzcli

1,E,'irer Buh ?/;?h.

Tufluq ln/(1.1 del 'Iel "cmbo!I,?!!

?'rk /J/IJY.7s/ 7:'miJ dcrgi~/; 19'){/ N'.". s.lb.

1'0

ordu 1,)'1.11;11;h:/<}q/lld:1 hl/I 11<l(/.1!

1_ _-

6 L1JJa uapyurcna 'rpcnoroii ,

palla).

Rus dili ud a ki doste . qrup. say ka rna'nah trk s z va ta -

ma'nada tez-tcz islo nihr. EI;) tiirk dillarindo ilkin oluraq dn hurbi

11;::1111 da ll1 u llli~luk sz ~( iyyvsi l1 d;) iSl ifada cd i lllli ~d l r. Rus d ili
salnama lvrind<l 155 3~d on (Nikon SalllalllOlSi VII h.) ~ r n r : Ik JICJl 6lfTb 110 lI a fiaTY 11 11 Cypll)' IIrpaTlI (Cp'l"lllcnn:: llii. 2. 2(5).
Hvrbi termin kimi ham in ma 'na ya yaxlIHil r (wilg alm aqla X<lbBrdarilq): Ham no HaGaTY He 11 IICpBblii p:n n O)l IlIl Ma TJ,O J; J laP O)1, Ha n o 113 MOCK BY YJIaJll lT L, 6 0 Jl l> lllOrO H~a Ta Jltl l\ l I1e 11,1110.
OJ[l I III\I1l CTpC JIU<lilllI cIlpaB II l\IC}i (i\ .TOllCTOii. n eTp Il Cp HI,li).
0 11 11 6hl ,llJBIIO ynaplIJlI l .atl CTp CJICUKlie nOllK II: . .. na II O C ~l n il
c YM ll c B a l oTc~c Ha6aT - TO BCCM Ha n OeJl (Yeni) oraua).

' )1 :1 MIl P " ;UI i1\1nll h

Nnbatov -- turk lll\) n~, )li rus farniliyalnrmdand tr: L. T o\ stoyun Dirihnu usuriu do iJz xaraktcr!n sllslD~Dil pcrsonaj famil iyastdtr (Ha m \Hl. nc'u tc nee ua fuuona nnnui , npnucc lIapa31lBUICC
accx trinee-ure).

M,lrsly,lX,t11 )

terruin kimi islonmi sdi. Nv ba t/nabat (nxli ure beo n iibbat}

\. 3

I\n

1I<I (1;I'ltlM . . . (i ;YIIIIlI. XYJl.UI r

Nabal - hurbi is!o bagl1 SZ I,l )" qrl1 p l1lla aid ctdiyuuiz hu ;.; i1/ z
ilk me 'nasm dan uzaql asara q ru s dihndu horbi sah;) tcnuini o l
maqd an dali a ox umumi slu k s z sacivy asindu. d; lc; l d i l mc'c azi

cklann da

xalq huyucanlan zam aru zang

tpO CIIJlll CI> K O" II:J M (IJ)'Jl 11 11 . J IOJllll ui i uac} .

va masadil ura novbo t vox id i

v.uau.

B r OCT RX K01 ) ta n npyr

C];! ha li.) qe oun rus ditinde a~ l r rne'nasmda isla nil irdi. ilkd;fn
qodim ni s di li abidal orin do - lpatcv saln am osinin 11 87 va 1193cu il ns xuluriudn. D vin fu nuanla nnd a (1 294-3 a id) adi r, k.ni cvi. mu'nalnnnda qc yd <\J Il111l 1~d lP) (Srcz nevs kiy. 1, 231) .
l-nsmcr rus di lindnki bu trk izmiu qa dim trkcu ota.9J.
oda9. I~. ~~Ta , CCi\l1>}1 sz ilo bagh old u gun u qcyd
cdir. Eyni zumnnda hola do kalnuk di lind o otaq, na sil. icma
mn'naslill da ifad;) ctdiy illi gst vrir (B ax: Fasmcr I, 278). Bu sz
ms tiiiind' -l artlq so nrakl iJsrlurd;) J1 - xiisusi.m XI X i:3srdan bu
11l.)'1l.d:1Il1l bil" I1casi (lI<lJJaTKa . l-Ui!!9.ll itmi~, sz z niin ycni
m,/naslIlda (~, ~ , izd ihalll V i) s.) yay linll~d l r. Rus diJind;lki. J1lil'n:lSI iI;J ILrk dilluri nda a rxaik\v~mi~ l11 'I1<1 5111 1 s<lxJa)'lL Siiziin rus <lIlind,) fonctik adap t,lsiyaya ma'ruz qalmasl da
maraq doguran hallardalldlr:
Y:!!:!'y-~ l11 a ~ i r rus dil indv hu 1l1;:)'nalafl saxla maqdadlr:
J. B y ~j).~ insa n di.J stvs i, izdiham . qrup , kom paniya . 2. Da11<1 \"H.. 1l..l;:)rilu!iJ. duz 1ll;:)l!i:Jl1Jarinda an c!. 3. Bahq vatagalmi ndil (" h l" qrupu va s. (CCPJl il ll. 60-61) .
Ila KoHel1. Y!(C COBC Cj\1 TCj\IIl OT C. lH~alll lBa eTC$l B3T3r
OX0111Il KOH n YCilJll .6 y K<tKOro - IIlI YJlh 1I0 t lTit

HC3l1a!<OMor o x o .

T,l K<\ - ! lmI ClIJIlK<\ ... ( IJYlllllI, A llTOIlonCKIIC }lGJlOK ll).

l
1

Rus d iliudaki turkizal e r straxmda ee rd a k V, I ee rr ou Sill.l;ll'l

Ylll soz olsalar da Cl10q kcdryi zamandan mu'nacu eerdak
z nda n ayn lmrs va XS\lSd;)~llli~dir. C tTdak rus ddiIH!;1 cvin.
i n ~111 ~1 dam rt~iyii .ilo tavan arasm dakr h ISS.: Jsilli hildirrnuklu
tcrns islenroe XlI SlISlyy"tl GI"1 ka sb 1.'1111 1$(11 1'. crt oq IS,) rus d l inda basqa bil' mn'nam n ifadosine xidmat cdir. "lcpr nr o.u..
\ II~UI KO:..lII<lT<I . noco C 11 suu 11 loH.l \'6 pa Il CTRoM. unn.rru HO n u op hle. aaxrxe (eCPl)}1 T.XVII . c.963). Bu hal rus dilmin btu
J tasadf OIUllUr. (' rt o t l -ka~al1;1. $ahana imarnt. ur
lt.lvrl<lrind<:
,
rsarayr. 11 Yckatcrinanm rus dilinde ya z lill1 l~ nu. ktubla nn da saray. an n iqamot galn <:<1I8 0 pC II ma'nasutd adt r: llo.usn r il'l' co1111 I HII TCJHI . oG sas nan GIITl. en MOil_IIO , no ,, (l"]OP( \ ~I Y 011 cc 11;111 11 .can, eCT TOT ,'lMI t lCHO BX021 He II MCCT H cproru (Bax: 1\1,1\I :va! TOB. ) KIUl! b Pamuucna. c .180).
Bu s z sartry ham dn ufsanovi V,) dobd. Ih,ll i saray 111,1'nasmda oldugu iindiir ki . xi,i SllSi c~]b~dit.:i tonda y azl ln.l l~ 111,lk tubda {()lBOP CIl) yox c rt c q is lanmisdi r. Ccnoq rus diliudu qu ! di m trk ahn malanndaudt r: X I osrdon qcy do ah nn us d u ( Hlau: cKnil .. . K3CP51 , c.492)_ Saray m,/n<lslllda- ist ifadu OIUJ1;lraq rus
dilinde z sino nim la ri iari sind n mara.~h ~<:lrai tl i :~ljtl i~ lanl1l;Js i ll\J
. grc marnq dogurur: IloJ"lypa cKlu,JT hlll CTpOC BOll nee CHlIlT JH>
I nOJ,BlliI,HO, 11 Ka :n.:CTCSI , 'H O T h l noua-r B Ka KII C- TO 1 a nO BC)lI IhiC

~1l.1ll ) d. ~~iJ di ' (~ICp :.I,;rn.

~ ll, . .Hu SOZd d ll ~lI !;I"O\'.

\I Cp TOm ( [; )' 1111 11. AHTOIIOI3CKII C 51GJJO KII) .

Ela bU ll<l gra da CXOVll ll ni.)sri nd,'l lalll<l1ll gii l ~ mll(]sadi1:J istifadn cdi llll i ~ di r: He IlMC IO <lcpTora KYJUl 6hl 5J :'1 10 1' c y ll y n , CBOIO 1<1J<O ll ll Yl CCM LI O
] la ' l e p ) l<I Kc '! (cxov q;lrd:l ~1
A.cxova nm ktllbll 1893, 12 may) .
K V J :1 h': (nI bar ll1aglanlllll vllll1 tlill1 asl. VII11l ruq). 13lz(\\J ki
trk di ll"rind.m almmalarda nd lr ki/ak. (.K jI " n i il"a h jl "!J ,,('1/diiD,. (Lev Uspcn ski y. 559).
ill1!.li szfl(!;.m ll1<:'lcazi nm'nada ku la"- '<(jo lom Jq V,I
znngi n dcr i\" atlan mcydan<l g... li r : KymI'ICCTflO, ")'JI;I' ICKlJ i i . "Y11;I'1111Ia, ")'.'1 :1'11111., KYJl atlllx a . " y .'1<l'lbC. Ky .lJilYII11I h:O V,) s. C PJ I}!.
T.V, c.1 80::;1 8 15. I3u <:tsa s llli,)'nadan dogan tarixi Icrlll in ya l<lIllr:
KYJltl llOC npa l.lo (hquqi qayda ~ qanunlara l iJ d nm' ll~dl ~ l.

5'

'

~(:i/ nis dil.i lL:n.n iJll;Jr SahHSll1 ,l d,) daxil ohn us. siJsil,1 m a -co) . .
, l lIq, I)"I J llld tcrnuu luri. dct al adlan: KVJIaK (3y6cI'
' In . .' .
.
.
KOJl Cl.: O KYJI .Ih. 1? '-'J'I'h)B'JSl ;\l.\l/lTa. KYJI;l 'IIW BhJii aan. KY11;Jl IKOBblii xrcxa1111 t\1 \d~. ynr.numsdrr.

di l ,I III.! I; I .i.;i) 1 11 1 J~ ( h r .

IJ h:YJJ< IKC frazeclog tzmi mcydana ' I .

Kulako vskiy. Kul aiko v rus famili-y\-

j-..: ulak - kapitalist. Si:HIll;wuda r va riJ kall(lIi . Paa

< Be

111 _ ~ , _ . . .
...ll ~. . . I~(~ 0 11 P YCCKlI lI " Ylla K:

K~ .lI.I'IOK .

vxnu

11 IHl. 1.11.

11).

HOCI\.llll KlIY 11

lIe BII -

Kaxou nam npO CTOllYUlllhli ) 'CTyprene n (Ila uacna IJ

')
~
. oc noeu ura-

h :l 1 0 1" ':1 . Y1111;111 dilindo Katorqa xsusi byk gomi

upuhr. Hu g\.1J11 11lu avarla n nkun cinayat kar V'~ ya
II _ . 1
HL' I' k . - I .
.
v
" q ll ar lul
. ol . J. g,lIlll( ukl bu I ~ v mocbur editm ok on ag lr co za nvlarin( r,)11 say dmh vn u lul' ki XIV
I
IJ l" I . _'( . , ' l
\~' ,
.;)s rt un b3~ Ja yaraq kntorqn houa

qalcn

. \ . 111

t.l lm a tl lgl

Rusi yadu ag rr m e cburi em o k ui

l1~;.~lJk llJlI .cdd lll') coz asr ma'nn suu da~IIJlafra

k llll i

Snz lj,ld .IJll rus dil indo

:'H,

IJ l

b IOrq;l g J\'l q

baslach I '
(K~p n6n'
. _.

11 11

a'rup-

on . sa na rna sllltl J) I ~ "ldilllli ~thr {S rczncvs k iv I 119 9)

Duutricv .'l k ad . K or~ a ist inad cdaruk szn turk s z k: d . .
k atorqa Jsl,m n g a '
,
a 11q.l
." I

< ~ Iq SOlU I a alaqnlend irsa do term ini 1

s z i la bag jayrr Oh I.C T.5I, 536). z
I IIl C I llh) ll d~ll l \) XIV nsrda n KatOI"); 'l kat
k'll '
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"
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OIqa ~iJ I orJ nda qa leI.1/) llh l 1Jd Slll d a 1 ~ 1 ,)]l S\l da l Ial\in Ollllll uenis ,Ial,a SOJ"" k
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r l' . ' X I X' __
:=,,(,
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11. n , I~1
.' usrd\J yar' lIl l]] I~ (lJr. llk i XV-XVll J . 'd'
J .
(1"Ih (J .' I . . j k
iJSI qa cla, ' ~ " ~,], .().Iq tl(d "l) ,I,ll~~ k (:lvar,)kt1l1 JiJr lllah buslardan ibarut idi)
d il " gil c,v:lIar dall h]]"] Itli.

Ik

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d.l h., ,01 ~,H"IfP .k d,1d.. I/d "" lIIil.'ri

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116 C]J1m" J{om op,' "p.r;"0/;
11/'1(\""" 1 fmUln.-u Jlnm I 'I
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lIa .n la,'(( 7MI/I".0 ( ,,, '/101 om",I/
1'< 0 , () /l1'w. d o }1(" 'Io:1I .1CIII W( I (a

uw.'"

Ir,

55

"" ~ -===-

I. K atorqa -

f~

K<lTOp)fm Il K

{katorqa t. kutorqa ya muhkum cdr lnu s:

saropry n OIl J lloGII Th Cl'I 1I}\T1l -

II MCCTO ana }

( rO phKllli.

n"pOC). BLIIII.CM . Iiynyu m aropacnu . Ja moe fi Yi l)'1 I1CC (rO p k

;.:n . I) bl BWII C monn ). 2. Macazt mu'u ada nzabh is . d lli llll ; l/
~;Jrait: l lo TOMY Ka K -rro sa ropxaroc. OT'"IMIHHOC ncno. nOJl ID na

'HeMnc nacrou un, {Fopx u fi. Ha COJllI ) .

l.1) '!\lI! lIK:t. lh'i\IIl' ICK kov~ . cma k.

i i IlH:a ,).

B 60Jl IolUYHl

JlJIK acno ..-rro nptrmanarru nee . A ]01 paTHhlif 'r an an npotnanocs

xtuornc ( l~aJJ;1I 110H Jl Maprha-H ocannutta rn.12). Tal :tll rus xal q
~a ra d t cl ll g II1<Ja tcz -rcz g rn. m s zd r. KOMY ee rt, Ta JIa Il . TOT
uyn c r .rraxrau (1I0CJIOBl lUa).
Rus di linde xosba xt talc. huxt: He nan 60r cuacn,a . YJK KO"I Y Ka K)' IO T a~a ll - cym.y rO CIl OJ1l, nacr, TaK )')l Of ee-n, (Fap unur
Cnru an) . Lccr nnannu ucnonc. Boxtsiz, bacanqs tz adam

!( OJIJl BCIIIIYl())) ,!,lIlIKY crponuyxn JICPClUlllllOii ' IY :\I I I 'lh70i i In

" lCpll Oii opuaru u uucp nana 11011'11 CYllY ( 1 Io in ,}\\I CI\

c.

llatucn

l1 /W3lf llJlIf

'p a6OTY)). Bil l1l o'nada kl yarana n irkli isle n ycrino yetirun xidll1<Jti) (a dam) u m ika: sado da l1 1 ~lga xasd u: Bhl GY;l C1 C
'IYL\l II'i1w iL ro ptute n sn.r n. , 1lI11I1 aTh KYP (TyprCHCI3 Ho 1H,) 11.

HC MOiKCT c ym rn. 0

TO~l. lITO

Ta KOC IICllI lll lOC narcponcruc

II ;1 K ~nallll}( V. 2) . K o ndl i ka dm .

avaru [adaru]: [Ma KcIIM): lla H cynap i-, nyxr an. lITO DJlO... HKYCne e 6yncT, [JlacYKOI3]: BK)'CII CC? Ar.. Tbl ' IYM lI'I Ki.l. ' ly:-,u l 'I Ka ?
b ry 11 nc na ucr '"ITU Iiapiut IIC1lt Op Oll ( Hc xpucoa Occ m.. CKYK ;I).
Kirli. pinti (qad m): H JILH ccpnu nca 11 npaan un ;lcnO' IKY vlcp uo~fa3al'l ' IYMII ' IK ::m (rO p hK ll ii. Tpoc). urnika kimi zu
apannaq , gcyinmak , danalll1laq: A(jIOll jJ: Kyna p HJUIIUGI ? [)KIIrynn un] : LIT o iKC 110 TBOC"'I)' , ' IYMII'lKOii XOJUl"lh, KaK Hl?
( A .O CTp OBCKlI i i.
Q V I\I _

lp cx na 6Clla...)

kov~)) lpatcv saln<Il1l\lsind"l (12 50) clccn U\) [van

Kalirarun sonodlorinda ilk dafo i~ l \lllmi~lli r: 1\ K TO MY CHIC ncn

ccxu. C;"lY B' IYM a 30JlOTa GOJl hl U a }1 ( CpC"3 l1Cl\C Kll . 3. 1552).
A.Ucstujc v-Mariinski M olla Nur OS\:ln ndu bir Azurba ycan 'll1ahlllSIt1I vcra rkall mm) sz nn hatta irkciJ (az\}rbaycanca) linqvistik tahli lin<.) ba~laY lr l !10M- l Ja (kiiltnliJ ~H k i l isi
il i ~lano ll) sznn ~bh<:lsiz rus dilindvki umika sznn
{(an.asm olduguH q,,;H1a;:)tilla g;Jl ir.
; T:VI:lII . Ta lan trk sz(\r qamt. og urluq, qa llimat m ol '
l1a~1Il1 veri r (Dmitric\'. 562). vv;)1 tam hiJrbi lll .lZIllUI1 d;] ~l m l ~ .
ilkfm.. / nal!;1 t;]lall. harbi q;:mimat: ... 0)1II<1Ka T:l."I:t 1l P ,Hll hI HC-

56

J((lJla W If Il K0 6 a

2OJlOaYlll /(G CClII U}W HH(l Ji

B KP0 6Y

29). A~a gl ta b aq a dan olan qa dm unuk a ; Ka-rcpuua ll uauu uHa -rorvac iKe nOJlttepKllyna ei! 'ITO -r a KaK ona ' IYl\ Il\ ' IK a. T U 11
(llOCTOCIlCKll ii. Jl p c eTY lU l CII Il.l'I JI

Ctncnona

C MCfJ lIIl> /O JIlO /ll O/O, /I 0 30p1W IO ;

na nsaxy 1I0Kal1l1 UlCJl

(J] CP ,\ IO II T OB .

1; ;111 111 11.

Il ecnn ...)

<<!-Indr glla vari tikili. Rus dilinin lot tarki-

bindn X V I ns rdon islanan fia u lll u (gll B) s znden avvol h u d ilU;1 h ;l ~k a .

qara

ha s

MCII}ITL

6aUl

11 3

6,\111

(basaba~

dayisma k} - mal-

ha<l (I~lld a . ha ~

yalmz hcyvan. hahq basr ilo bagh islanifi rdi .

1l ~~t1 : 1 q uduu. cunh rus dilindo fi:III J1U1 SZ uvv ol fiau rra sa k linde
m vc ud o lmusdur (Ila m.. J T ., 17). Bnuma rus dilinde islan d iy i
UZlIl1 z~ mafl .boyu n c a .~ ii cI

somanuk cvolyusiyaya ma'ru z qalmrs

ve gems dalro lara nii fuz cunisdir. 8vv;)1 miid a f ia, g zat i, qaravul , qoruyucu qala . q.!lvluri va siq nal ta'yina tlt m oqsodi ilo
( m <) ~.;) l ull . ll1 a yak l ar) tikili r, d ali a sonra lar ma da ni istiqam otlorde
- l~lllXl<llJ f mc'mnrh q u kint ilo riu in ad larnu ifada cdir zong qlles! ( K O J I OK ~) J1J, lI<U1. 6 awIl11) tclcq ra f q lla lari , ham inin orta

usrlnr qala divarlan nda mhtosomlik ifade eden qllala r evlorin

daJ1l~n.d a. mc'ma ri yaras tq ma qsod ilo tikilan qll al ar; m'lw udis
1 ~ lij ll

Istlq all1<J.tla rindo suvarma, rad io-tel eviziya ql lal ari, ra sa dkosmosa qa lxm asllll tij'm in edan qiilla lar anlay ~ ~.l a n ll l bIldllllly'.l xidm:J! ct l1l i~ di r. Tcxniki tcnni ll kimi rus
dll. ~l1d'.l 6.aUJcllllaH nCllh (termik qlln sobasl), 6amell Hbll1 Kpan
(qullavJn q:lldmc l kran ), 6awcII Hblii Te1leCKOn va s. vardlf.
S z rus dilinda mhk<-Jm mvqcya malikdir: ... on01l3alO
' l e p C3 Manoc OTfJCIH n C B WIIPOKYIO 3y6'laT)'lo 6a m mo , mc 6 blJl
XJll a , rJ kc ~l a:Jl1

-------~-------

57

"" ~

,
i BO)lOeM (Fpnoenoe.

3pIlIlaJlCKIlJi rtoxo.r). Mayak mo'n as m-

da: rus dilin s ma xsus azizl ome

dc mu kdir.! S lovak, macar. bolqar dil la rinde kab at.? Ru s di linde

X IX cs rdo qadm st gcyimi n v larind an biri anla rmn da isle nir .
Mama oxyranacr, urans:o , uaneua renne n KanOT, B351Jla B PYKY

kiiltm a sakilisi ila: Taxr T") IC

BO)lLI 6eJIa,\! 6aWCHKa Jlcannpa (Eymrn J<pIlK );
Vu

TO p'lHT 113
Moskvada Krem lin tarixi qlleleri (onlann sayt 21-d ir) trk S /,li
6aWIIH ile adlandinhr (mes: Cyx apencxan fiaumn, LcxncsuuncnCKa5J 6aW H5J V8 s.).
Masir rus dilinde bu szn harbi-tcrminoloj i ma'nasmru
Ja hdudlan gcnisdir:
1. Harbi-d un izi lik termini. Hurb gi:1l11isinin st gY;lr[a sinds top va s . ycrle sen zirchli qurg u: 2. Tank Vu ya zirehli avtomobi1in yuxa n d y ~ hissc sindc s tuda pulcmyot V,) s. silab
yerlesdirmek q urg u (e CpJlJ! T . ll , c.302). Btn bu so nrakr l11iJ' naJar qodim rus di lind e is len an . indi tarixizrn say rlan miid afiu,
ham inin hcum zcmam isladil an taxtadan haznte nnu s harekut
ctdin lan qurgu , l11a $1111> m n'n as mdan dogmus dur.
Sek li oxsarbgma gra 6allJH .II rus dilinde bitki adma da '
evri la bil mi sd ir. }3aLUcHHua adlaudm lan <<yCOBWl5l rpana ea
)](C'1Ka (,UaJI b. 1,57).
I1a WIa. Par a s z de a ks ur t rk dillarinde har cr matcriya nv!rinin bildr ir, rus dilinde 01J Ull yahuz bil' nvn ifadu
cdarak 118111 isiru, he-n sifbt k imi islonir V<J bun unla mat cri yanm yalmz ayncn bir nvn bild irir. Serqdan rus sara y lann a
apan lan zarif g za l trk pa ralan ru s dilindo clu tacirlo rin is tc tdiyi kimi da para $vklindu adlJnlr (nalVICB blii Capa(!l \lll , nap' leIlbl C1'lIxap, OllC>Klla R.II c .) Oll CW1J1 BaJTTapC CBOl I nap'lOBJ,lC
OllC)]()lIl . . (KYJlplll!. }\lla(!lClIJ (\ ) q<Jbul ccl ilvrQk i ~ 1 8d ild i . isim
kimi ayn ca i$la11 ir: BCH - B 30JlOTOl1 napC](;, B BblCOKOM )KCl\l'-IY)KIIOiII BCHue (I ICT]) JlCpBhl!i); B<l llzulma : r m llUI, KaK TC'1CIlHC
BOJl rn KOJlc6JlCT J1a p' IOB YIO rrOJIOCY CBcn 11 . . . }] '-I YB C1'BYJO, '11'0
lIJ hlCJlh lIJOR CT<l HORHTC}! GOJlPCC 11 OCTpCC (rOpKIl. Ma li YIllIBCPcncThl).
; J( ~lIIOT . Szn blrinci hCCaSI1l1 kap (q ab) dig;')r szlur1:J :
kof-ion (kab ton), kab-luk (kab hk) kf-ta O X~DI" ll gl , cyniliy i aydm sczilir. Kapot trkizm i d<:l <Jsk i trkc,)dDn ;,jsgu r pa lt o~ll nm'nasl'6da pml? dilina d<.'! kecnr<:'lk b pllt ~,)Id ind ,l Imrb st gcyim i
58

IJJlG1TYJIKY CBOIO . (Flynncnn. MCTCJlh). Kapot - meiaforik kcyfiyyordu gclonorak mxtoli f mcxa nizmlerd o onlan qorumaq
n qapaCJ . rtk, eyrla bu derocoda da leksik - se mentik s zyarauna yolu ila kapo t s zndan kapot aj ta yyaranin UU$U ViJ
cnmu vax beli Li s t ~) dnm asi ; kapotajnoc kolcso toyyara nin
buru unda nda oh m te kor (ta ka r teyyaro ni uma va enn e za m a- .
111 arxa sr sto dnmodan - qazadan saxlayrr) KanOTHK, xancrmu 1\;:1 (lis! gcy imi un nid : kii ltm n-a ziz lama sekili si ilc) a norn pc narure tayyaran i (masnu. m cxa nizm i] kapota _. n y a sal maq
(eer 1151 V. 785-787)
.

llil~.a.r - qadim turkco da b,lY - 31Jal11bJl1, + ar 3IlaTHhIB lJCn0lJCK. Hu sz vasitosrlo rus di linde yeni xidma r eden dvorya nlardan forq!i clan qadim I1 Sil! C1f adl andmh rdt (Fa sm cr 1,20 4 ).
Ru s dovl ati ndn yksak fcodal te beq esi sayrlan boyarlar sla vy an

ta yfa iuifaqmm suqutu d vrndo (6-9 esrlor) meydaua golmi sdi lur. 12- J 5-ci usrlarda on lann im tiyazlan m hke m lcnmis , iq tisadi qudraf ar(l11l$ , siyas i to'si ri gu cle nm isdi. Ar q I S- 1 7 ~c i es rlurdu nis dvlnt indu hukint siniflard a n dovlat xid m a tin da olan
sox sleru vc rilcn y ks ak rt bo bo yar dumasrna daxil olmaq h ququ vcrird i (AS E, IJ C. , s.223) .

Boyan> S7. trkc<1da bir mamur iyyat vo $8r8f nval1l

olaraq qullallllIr'l - deya Abdu lkad lr Dnuk yazlL T3 iitn tadq iqaldar bu szn lrk l11QJl$li oldugllllda yckdil fik irdad irlm .
Baskakov z ladqiqatlllda F.E.KoJ'$3 <)sas1anaraq bu szn bay
(zangin), nr (ki$i) va rus dili ~aki l i si (-in) yaranaraq sonrada n
bnrin (aga, canab) szna evrildiyini gstur ir.4
Ela KDQ -da da baYllnaq fe'Jj kk varlaomaq dv latlan: ~1 a k (Qadir tann vcn na ynca ar baYl1naz, I boy) ma'nasllldadir.
I Ril": RcdrcJdill A,v(ac Ara!> /,?hcckrindc l/rkci-J kclilJlcJc/~ 05.82.
.\1. " Iiop ':'-<'I, III' ,WI.\I('IJIG Or,({i11lJ1 IJ ('..lO(;a I!~'(J.\I J/Jb1l<fll , CT 1974. / 1'fo4, c.51
; nn: A ,[)OIIII". Id; lI i -Askai 11Il ',/I! l T tcn i ll/c!: ist:/IJbll l. 1988. s,5,

: OrJl'OI/

/f , D'{/('H IPIU

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a sarkurda Jllla Y I:;i
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taaan : I':OSlll C npn rc uopn xt (Ilcrp
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d t tir Uap b-J1CCi{ < u
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\( ;'>11 111\11\.1,) manaca
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larmd a is loni li r.

ncci, xa ru.cp

.XI) B I s zdan qadm einsinde G05lp 1>1 1151

nu JTO ncno? (rn .V , ril 6 . l ) .z la ri tromuisdu (bu da bavo G0 5lp bIllJH5I (S01~ralar ". a,p~~~:I5Irl:fIJ~i a clondirir): ,ua 11 npn rin sziinn boyardan torn I~ r: LJ1"L L~ llJll l 60}IPl>lIU ll C nnxc 11YCCKOll oo: ,
Jll P IHO n u. cynapsrn ,
.6
" Mil JI<l C lIX paornnua-

' <0\.Y)t<l51 'rpana "

)'Hil Il .

..

" ilOK Iiapcxux callcn .. .

OTKllHyrbc5I B 3<

( GYIl Il II. Y 'II ITCJl b

rn.X);
!}If K3 }l OGYBL. Li.Srczncvskiy XV ]
Y\'JJOK - 1IC1~ollmj}I ..!I I 'd' , , ]' (l3ax' CI)C311CBcKnil. 1lI .
,
b 'd I' . Ja musa 11 a Cl Ir
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as n n SOIlU a I a aun
'.I 'lIna/ ' ~ fc'hndv ll" r (bUk ~ nk qapamaq . b"',,'
"1 ,
c.I551);
tl.I~ 1 . C,l~.g~ . ~1~;~ ~sr dil mLl lcriallannda i~lurs~l (.lv
I
diL Rus ddllldl lS1 lStiJl .Ik co ra b n
O
'V\'l"'
Jad IL Ru s la, 11,,--.'n:JsIIH
....
m ;lS IJ' dovrd<J COI .\ J, na z
'd,r (C \11 Cpalln:JH .... c. 17)_
, Ik bu szda n yara1111l1 ~ .
mihyasl.. ti uv
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yax lIl d iL

~ayka)

trk flolun-

<:H1 yiing! ga llli tipinu dcyil irdi. ayka lar kiik ay larda

(Ilirkc" ay-n:ka) ZIll<Jk tl yararJl idi. Gomi dv 10- a qad <J!' top
o!urd u, kom:lIld a h ey';)t! 100-u qa dm Zaporoj yc ka zak /all lrk
flI.' dllII!.J flJ: di '{;1 I.c;.m f'srtkJ !lip,/(/ardo va
liS).
-' F SIIII,{ .\:1/,'/1 i {at/h l ik i (eiJl li]<'c1clllcJn; I re fI A /Jb.1s devidcn; rVA, 1I'69,
I

') "I<' U('If Il I Of, "

Ba

"

basq lJlla r yap lll<lq da id ilcm.2 <l y k a (somalar

) 3 1J1>1II 1

TeG}! KU33'lI1W KH

I II~l"a - qa aq-qu ld um, ukrayna di linda ayka kazak

qaYlgl. ~a ira t rk d illi:l:rind h nd r ga m i (Radl ov. 4.926, Fasmer 4,395). Kazak la r ~<IykJ den Jlull knYlkla n jJa vakit-vakit
Bab i klyJla n il Gilan vc Mazend arand<l ll ~eh i r ve kasabalara

1\1011. ,. OCTp OBCKlllI . 0 J . < 1 " , Ig l 7rtqls l11 dak l V<lSltilci I

.
'k
dd . a 'v<JlI<Jr at a VCI
da n ya r<l l1a n a 11 . \
.. \" ' . mi )" 1 ih ober hal ~ 111 '
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<l.

exovJa
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haHa
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c
1I
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Ha

Hu masola ilo bag lt qcyd cl mak laz uu d rr k i, fc nct ik ta rkibco man bn dilc yax lIl l a~an s z var k i, semantik ca lra t eti barila
do asllll ll ya xmlanr Rus dil indo kcyf)) trkizml ! dcd iklariuuza
misal ola hilur. Sz fon etik cuhetda n oldugu kimi me'na cohe tda n dn rus d ilnda qabul clund ug und an farql idi r: 5J ouc.u, xop o1JI0 n OIl5lJI, ' ITO CCJIII CT<lHY npncrana'n, K II CMY TO n a p ynry KeiiqJ
cro (Kuaprn pa R T ,napCKQ,\1 xuapranc}, Bur ad a bu s z dah a ox
zvq, ~ ak;) r l1l a'na sllld 'Hhr. K c fjnu duym;")k , kcfin i pozmaq rna'-

rn . IV).
.
k ki
~III? (AIlp a .n Bnr
C
- u I'luk (bov:
oya r- b:ar :s ov,s .,.s m m ..niccsiudo)

a l- . " '1' aranuusdtr 1) 3 IU

-uk - (Jutic r usaur
u
~ ~ , auuzac
""
iltme sa kilis i I \J. Y<u, _')' ij ila ulaqnlidir (C Il OC11O XO'I h
sz da chtimal ki . boyar Sl ,Z
,
a] Xopotno 6bl -rcucptB CJllI KOf O,

nonoreer (

!{YIOT

ka adlnnrr.

Jl llT b C5I BMeCT C C lI CMll a MIl - T.I a -n uuca

UUP<I) l "

CTOIII IJL Ka J< GJJB3 11 ,

(Kynpiu]. I IOCLlIIJIOK) . S z u sc rnan tika suida

L.>J1gi n kcytYyl alarla n ZiJ rxtr. Ha rbi termin k imi Iqrhnc
mosqindo rnsan hc yknl i bo tvan adlamr} ; darz i c'malatxana lan ndan hazrr pal tar l lnn mquvval nr da hom do bolvan/lbo lvan -

CYll a p b , n CpCB C}lbJ <

accnp , KaIJCJlb.llUIICp . . eenalICKH C. (CKOJlbKJI Mo -

IJo.1JU:l n: zn n yalmz bil' ma'nastyla rus d ilina kcan

sz for da rus di linde kifaym q<:JdiJrd ir. Meselon, bo lva n qndim
ruscaya al nuu adrr: but , bolvnn. QDdi111 trk a razilarinda brporast trk inan clanyla bagIJ olal1 iri , ko blld das h eyk u ltar: kimi
qobul cdilun bulvan . soma/ar rl!,LQi l i lldil,g ic, ~sarsori m~'ni!

B' l1 b OI C 111>51 11 1.11'11 11 11<\3

TI 'rpa

B C}IKHi j

CT 'ITO oGC p - 6:lp LII Jl I1H KOM COCTOBT

CKOBCKOi iKIIJ llIf) ,

K,'li41 (l I/ JllJlIIIJIlIN

, .. 'J'J.;1j .. Ol1j( )' >ll)

Orl!>",,-, "~ IlIliJ ''''Id'/,'II/,/ m,-,I.(1111/1/1/1.1 (IS.;8-<'1 11) f;'Ii>dilJ/lI;wlir. (1JIallO:"'-' 11.
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.. t avka-~ayka ad lana n h u y uu3hillBfilla hClI~n _c tmukd~I~(; I Sow
nralar da uzun illur bu g<J g\ g3J1llarda n istifada cd Ir I,ar. Id Rus dili Iglind.} ma caz t

milnr - saykaalar ka zak larda sax lam .

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I.
'IS \

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Tkd '
daha soma umuuu
I
ij

ma'nada - dani z q.ul~\l r\af1 k~J1l.Pkal1kIY~'1i 'yyatdQ sabitliJ:;;dl.\ Lev

- kinu metollmll
c~
J
k
quldur dastest .... .- cl ilindo iki me'nasnn qcyc cuuo -

Ila l- ei me~ayka
, cl
na ~
Uspenski

sozunun rus

1
ncn pa vu barka . lo dk a
uaiixa JlcpCmlH lloe
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ma' na smda da 1 ~I<JndIYIIl1 q Y
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ka (qus) Slllll a n
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TPSI.:tKC II

np OTlIBY lII:lJIKIt r>HI! I,;il\ -

3ypll il 6bI1l B 10 epe - i s 0

p CiK JIC HCiK C11 11 :'11.1 II X
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' Xlll ): 0 11 HIUl11CH na cnunp as esas 1I.0 'lK3, 111 .
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m aiix u It cnona naunn 3110 )'B1I.n ann (K arurr
6p aJI TaM non u c "
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I ~. 1 pa36oll ll ll KO B
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.. I CJ1 aB II 11c n J'lIlOM , ll-rB3:tKIIO(Yc ua orada): H a ' IaJl hTlII K t u au x t
( O )'IU KII I I. lly OPOllCKllii .
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TO ncm l KOn Yl ll ll eM
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'Idamlar qrupu , as"
J' -ik: Fen 11 11 ero ](OP" OIM
- - d dr b I nm'nada rast g8 11 1 . ~
xov un dilin a G t
, KOIlO M Jl03 BOJl ell ll~UI ,lP..
1
UI 0J) r3IlH 30 B:l1l 1l3 J1 a a
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, h r ctir cinaytkar qr upa ven ~Il d sz 1 ~I;)d;)nli) 1 talGf\.mkm
" \) k b,-,-stiar h aq qllld a h o kml1B\
.. lur M')s c a , ,,
_ _,_" llCKO CI'O I1Yl11l!ll <l,
q iramiz alaldlcl soz 0 ', ,' . ' '\
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.' d de '1111': I CPC XB 31 1
m a 'murlan lllll DJll lll1 2J)'
~ OblB 11 lII a iil': c _ C Kph1JJ ~
e ro Il KOTOphlll ,
6
113 MOCKBbl npll )hIHUJ
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0) ' HamlIl aSID
o m. (BonbwOIi aH\l , BeHlla51 maiil, a Jll ITCparyp lla51 TOpBa5l
cTomo611
, 11. 6C31'~P~~~:lall Il YJll Kll lI, c.3 11).
.
iKccTBycr (Bax. H 311 }l
h mm bu soz bu dlld;)11 AZdlRus dihnd3 i ~13n<:ll ak gcnl~ < ", 1a\aHh d'l yayillllaqdadll .
'<)k cl\) h,:)\mn ma I , "
11 \- k
baycan dJillm k eat
I' ,. Bu mil\,)ld ;) 1111 1 JS d
, 1_'
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Y crhbazlal , qo 11 UJ~1 11,az~ lal , sa
\ ,
ql1ymaul (Furuz<J Iudl dah a) ).

TCm,) : llnll

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1971. \ !rl. c 15.J

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1111<1 '1<_1 <,

62

i\Ja ii:Jatl mcydan rarscadan (Meil<IH nno utam,, a pcHa ) rrk . tatar va d igar dill ara kemi s. e rada n da rus dit ine dax il
olmu sd ur (D m. 540). Azarbayc an dilinde do meyd an (meydana

ginnok. mcydan oxumaq, meydan sulamaq bu mcydan. bu seytan] isl a di lir. Bu s z de z scm ant ikas mda ciddi de yi sikhkl a ra
me'ruz qalnusdir. Rus dilinde ma yd an z ma'nastyla yanasi
( MelKllY TeM Jla M HC 1I03 1l0n eHO 6bJ.110 exan, Ha MeHJlaU (Fpn60CllOH. n Yl CB bJ CJa IIlfCJm) q um a r OYUIlll)) va xraiina nrrn, (qumar oynamaqj. maydansik oyunun bas rsr v~.s , sekillorda

hamin sonrakr rna'nada gems yayr lnu sdrr. Arqo seciyyesinda

Dostocvskida islodilon sz bcia sorh olunur: O O<JTIf B Ka)KJloii
xaaapxrc 61>In rnso apCCTaH T. xorop u f nepscan Y cefis apumn Hblll xyneHKIIII osp n, CHeYKY 11 no HeBepo .lITHOCTJI aacancum.re, iK llp lJbi e xapru. Bce J TO BMCCT O uaau aanocs: Mait uau (SanJ l CKII 11 3

nepreoro

IlOMa),

Tubii ki, hamin ma'nada arqo kimi

raai olan s z gct-g cdo dah a gcni s dairoda isladilmisdir.

X~IGa p. To lstoyun Qa fqazla bag h is la tdiyi xn ba r sz
osl ind u ckzot ik soc iyya lidir. Rus oxucusuu a daqiq lik la atdt rthr.

He xa6ap'! - CnpOCl1lJ Xanacn Mypa'r crap a x a, TO ecru : 'H O BO noro? - Xa6ap JO K - II CT J10BOfo OTBCTIfJI CTapIlK. Lak in rus
dilindo mu sd uluq , hu d iyye , r svot me 'na lannda da X :1~
har islnnir. Bc!a bil' nuticnyn gulmak olar ki, ~ad xabara vcrila n
llltJ$d ululj, sonralar fI1ucburi !mdiyya semantikaslIla qudar
y:iks:Jl o biliL 0POC10, l3J,lI1l1Th XO'ICTC5I xaGaph l D3~lTh (tIcxOB.
X UJll l] u r;JlJ f(pO /llJ ) . Siizn ~ ,Jrh i n d ;) Ollll ll rus dilindiJ m a'n asJ :
6<1PhllJI , Wl 5ITKa dey;;} gstorilir. P a CCI DKH , BOp, lIalI, Mapy, _
py6!JT COJllI<l T CKOJJhKO? Jl}l llllllCKOMY ynpaBJlmOl1JCi\lY xa6aphl
)1<1 1'1I. KOn ta ap ClllI Y IIcpc611n y lIac (rophKHIf JIcTo). Fas mer
x'lb'lr. xabal1l o - Blol r Oi l,H> , IIp Jl6bTJl , Il<.:lhayat B3J1TKa xa6apuo
Dh lr0Jl UO)) -

dcya qcyd

cdi r

(IV, 2 13- 14). Radlovlill lga tind\)

iJ k ll1 ~n aSI ~a J xa bi!P)la bag hdlr (Rad lov. 2, I693).

A.wH,IH - (J1 zil. (1 1zl! pu l. Sonralar .sadaca pu l, xlrda pul
ma'naslllJ a i$li:lI1lllaY<'l ha~l alll [ ~dlr. r p OIll , llellbr a, n OJI)'llI Ka ,
11.\'.1) dild'l ll cia altlIl sz killli lxd l inJi yal lllz mas\) llard<3 ya~aY lr U(:I:II. I. 12). AItIl1 .siiziilli:-l 11 k d\)f 1375-d3 rast gal inir

"'""".;;:;=> ", ~

Rus dil ind e q arg a anlanunda rus sz vo ron n is te ctifir.

sz hcy van (qus) ma'n as mda yo x. b o~ b ogaz, bndxuber
Dla' nasJ da~IYI L Szn scm ant ik asmu g ra d ildu bu na dir hadisu lardan olsa da szn sas tarkibi deyi silm edeu onun hcc iqi ma'.
nast dayisila bil a r. Turk mensalt ru s qus. he vvan adl aruuu <11'Qaq~a

dic tl tadqiqatr st Sctarov Rus qll~ adlartnda t r k leksik clem entlari adh rneqalosinda yaztr: Biznu fikrimizco, qarga sznda Ia'natla mak me'nasi qarga va bayqusun l gll-tIlannl bad boxtliye yozulmast va bu quslarm bad ugu r ol mal an ke yfiyya t-

lori netleasinde onlar haqqmda in ancl an n ne ticosi kimi yamn n

hilardi. Macazi 1l13'1l<1da karkat snn rus dilinde 11;:) isu
xo~ a gelmaz bir sey nceden bitdirmek ki mi is lcnmosin i m uqayis8 ctsok trk s z k an (yasca qoca) sz iln qa rg a-vorol1a va
qarga -l;)'natlama szlarinin kontamiuasiyasr aC lqlI/lkillli qan
(3JJa 51 c rapyxa, BC,11h :-'la ) ifrito mo'nnh qarga s znn yaranm asina ssbob ola bi lar.!
Setarovun qarga szlinii qan (yash, qoc a) .szlilldaki
mo'na ila alaqal andirm a k cahd i (bn I1H)qal,)J ,"l11 on i! ,1VV, J!
yaz d rgi digar meq alos inde da bu fik irdad ir] bizim k rim izce,
ina nd m c t deyildir. Sadaco, nozer alaq ki. rus dil in" qan V;)
qanm aq tiirki zmlari kccmcmisir. Rus dilin do bu s ziin di gnr
ma'n astndan da istifado olunur: Kapra - )J(CJ1C311a51 cko a C
oeTp b l M H KOllll<l !'llll , 3a6lJBaC/I1a51 fI 6pCfIl10. Cmn allo JTII I\lO JIon l 'ICCKH C Kapra C<Bop o ll a cI)aclIIcp 2.196.
fia .IJblK c o n CHa 51 ClllIll llaR 'JaCTb OCCTPOBOH Pbl6 hJ. Trk

dillar inda n ahnm achr knlll-taL 320rb., qlj)., qaza.x ., k ar aill1 b,lluk <mba>, dcmakdir (Fasmcr I, 119; Radlov 4 1]66). Trk di llorinin oxunda nba ma 'nasll1 da i~ ll::) dilir (Yunisi da ryada
yudduran bil' baliga, Alo~i-jbrahim i glilza r cd,m par,,;:) rdigar
(Xat ai); K OQ-da: Qal111 y nn q ballg1 qar~u llltd un (VIJl boy) .
Tiirk dillvrinda n rus clil ina kean ba lig adlan oxdu r: GaKna
(6 a ~ ml, GaKnIIH Ka), 6aJlbJK, 6HpilYK (6HpiiY'lOK), KallKa H, Kal\lC a
(xai lca), KapJ lI rJ l'1 (KYPJlaH'I YK), Kapacb l[H, Kap"lll J, Ky rcM a (KYJ

J: CV6cmC~' ml

H.

Jl IJOiJ "O'/llc' lIJli>

JIJ83. . \~3. c.15 J().

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66

TcpMa) oceran, ca3<.U1, ccnpr ora , CY1l3l<, cyna, CYJlTaHKa, r apen.

OClI<lnJHHH ncropauecxnx naHlJLJX
Poccuci! l\lO)JOIO 3aKJ110'lJITb, 'ITO PYCCK OC

rcpn y r, -rcarc. ana sryr. I Ha

o TO prOBJl c . Kh lp hl M::l C

cn ou a (cyarcuuoc H03HHKJlO Ill'IfCHHO anect., n O}lB H B-

can oii crurc J KCnOpTa, KaKOBaR .wUI

T3Tap 6 LlJ Ja npocro C<PbI60ih) (am.nc), a WIR PYCCKIlX C<KO HCCpuupour uuu.u! puon ( 6aJILll<) )J,1\lHTpHCB, 525). Rus di lindo bu
szn scm anuke s mdak t deyisilmo onun la izah olu nur ki 0 rus
d~l illiJ ifad o ctdiyi mchsull a K ll1l11 tatarlaruun dilinden k'cmi~
dir. Ballg1 iso K JllIl1 xanlrgmdan XV-XV I esrlerdn Moskva
d vlerinc OlUI1l x amb olmasindan eh uyat ederek duzl annus hazir
hnkla ga ririrdiln r-. Daha ox zahiri, aldadici mentiqa esasl anon
bu izalu birnia'n ah qarstlamaq ohnur. ox zengin trk matbux ini tosadf h allarla b ag layan bu izah inandmcr gru m r.
Rus dilindo bahk aynca va kiihme sokilisi ila birlikda
isledilir: T cc 113 ropona n p HBC3Jl H capzuuno H 6aJlh1K (tlexon.
Ila u11 11 I(] 1). Ona CCT fimu u,r ropnururu, xax orotn., CCT C xrac-

3IJa'I CIlIiC

WIICL O)lllOBPCMCIIllO C

1
1

J10 1\1, co OdCT,1110i j, C n xp oi i a c pnnct'oii . .. C 0:1 .III>1<IK01\1 OCCTpO-

Ub!>,1

(K YIIPllll. Kuxcpa) . La qub : Y O)l HOr O H3 0((011 mosner-o

KOpJlIIOp8, aa xiancru-tour )KenTblM llIKatllJfKOi\I,

nOMC1lI3CTC}J

ouem, ccp t.eam.nt BLIpa)J{cHHCI>f. Il pncnyra nana CMY npo :3BaIIHC h,,1J1 h IK (Jlecxoe. DOJlynOHJHlIKm,),
Rus dilindo bu szlo bagh Bahk, Bahko, Balrkov, BaiJ kin familiyalan vardIr (Cyncp811CKa~I. .. 72).
H 3l ,'1 - ziinl sz 1113n~l y i n3 gra iimum1rk leksik<~.sll1a ai d ~li r v u qldim trk yazl11 abidala rindD i~lan1l1i~dir.3
Turk d illu n nda 111t11l1iyyatla hor cr zm ma 'nasmda, ilk nvDada, tOZ8 iizm llm'nasll1dadu, 1l.lsca ya lmz qU1lJdu ll11u~
ij~l11 ma 'nasllli ifad;) cdir (D mitricv, 510). Sz n ma'nasl bu ~a
bId;) (baliq sznd,) oldugu kimi) yal111z ni S dilina daxil olduq~
dan soma da ralaraq x susiI8$ll1i~dir. Rus dilinin lga t torkbinda
OTCTaBHOJ.J BOCHHlti C

~ CCI/.IiI/)O(I )I,.

liof!UUlIh/.{;

1J. ,~cl"rol'. H all/In iJSilt.

iJrI3(;W IJIH.Y Ph/

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s. / O.

, ,.J. ;;"(/1"11'(,1'1110(; lioJ}",ulIh/ "" J'.""r."

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~J(J II(lIJll IIMJ(;. Ct: flJ7 .J. .'\ ~ .J. c.3 2 :44

CIJI'(J(,/?G

11

ij
I

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(Srezncv skiy I, J 8). Soma onun doyori azaldtqca. alaldtct. leiiltma alan nda faqirlik, kas tbhq anlaYI~lanlll canlandmr. Xnda
pul, rlayorsiz, qara pu l: llpojtan 'n-t 33 MeJlllhJli an-rt.nr CII010 J'YW eI1b KY (LI,OCTOCBCK: ~;L tICCTllh1l1 BOp). Hel' HU amuua 3a Jl~~
uio. Arx aik, qadim 111 a'na51111 atalar sznda, ifadalardo , bndii
matnlarda saxl ayir : He unc BH rpotna, unpyr artrun (LJCXOB.
b jrll a )J(I11I K) . Rus diliudaki mrn.nnunx tacir. nulgu, xnsis llK ,' nalann da yen3 haruin arxaik ma'na ila alaqelidir: V1 1'1,1 npcapcnHb a JlTblH111H K ( OCT p013CKlil l. Ilcc]. Mal-mlk harisi. curr
aJlTLlH lI1l10>
Flocnc 31'01'0 01111 HC npO Bo.HlIllKU 06pa:WB;lIlJlil, a
aJlT hlH HIIKII (IlU CCMCKHij TblCW]3 nyur). Rus diliudaki Altmov
Iam iliyasi altm sznda nd u (CyncpallCKa5J., c.97).
g u piorc. Rus dilinda ki hiryuk trk sz br sz ndand ir (Fasme r 1,168). Ha min lgatda da qey d oiundugu kim I ham
BOJlK, ha m da semonuu (ad amayovU~1l1a7 , ronba, yalquzaq} rne'nalarryla is lunilir .. ' a 011 CII11I1T TOYIl O 6lJp10K, nu J lO cro
.c

CMY n cna ncr ( OCTpO BCKHJ.i. CTnphlfj npyr-, Jly"-IUl C 1l0BblX JlBYX).

Rus dili nde rrkizmlorin ba'zibri tam yeni ~ar<.\ltcb mocazlasdml araq i~lld i iir. Qarem - rus badii dilinde 111:J~llqDl<)r (qauuui yoldas yox) ma'nasmda islundiyi h alda Qriboycdo vu n rasm i maktubun da tamamila istcuzah tonda hararnxana shbeti
(rapcM nall Gece}la) kimi i$I~)dilir. T urk man ay sl hf baglanarkan rxrlmaz va ziyyn tdo qa lan [ranru Saray daiE)hwi ma'murlan run soma re siz dal11$Jqlannl 0 qeyri -ci dd i sz, b O$bogazltq in tuu
silb a t)} saciyyosinda q3blll edir: Cnoc06 Tp a KToBaTh - II CKJlI O' I1neJl bHO CBOCfBCI111blJJ nepC1J5I1l3 111, KO-rOpblC pa3r0 \30p 0 jJ.CJ1C
ro c Yll, ap CTB ClIH Oll l BHe3<.1l1110 oGpa1ll 31uT B JlP Y)KCCKYlO rapcili HV IO 6ecc;lY 11 110p]!'-1<.\I01' XJIOll OT a Tb B HX IIOJIh 3 Y 'lBHOBJlHKY
B~ 1010111C c HIIMH J~ejl(aBhJ, KaK ll,06pmlY \IX II p 1l5lTCJlIO (30
iyul J 827. Qarababa kan di yanll1da d$;)rg<)).
. Xii su s yumorla Qrib oy edov mDktllbunda scvdiy i xanl1111
bt n dog ma sifati:Jrin;) grD qarcnw (ai la, har,l 111xana) ndiandm r: HaKoHcu )loenc T p CBO'A\1I0 r O ll,ml, UCI\CPOM ye/UI H5l!OCh H
lCBOJ:t ra pcM; T aM y MCII 5I IJ CCCl-pa H )I(Clla, nOlIlo, 13c B O){llOM
,

64

-======--

JIl1'llf KC (V.S .Mikla~cvJa

Tebrizdon 3 dckabr, 1825 tarixli ma ktubund an) .

Rus dilinde islanan bil' qisim sz, 0 c rnla da n nap sta
jl ['~K IIJ.~()I\I , _Tf OTf OIl kirni s zlor J\J3TCp lm , pt.ra , BUHOrpa.lI.;
T3031( soz l~n.l;) yanas! islanilir va onlan har ycrda, hom ise a vaz
~d bl.ln.~Ll dly m;) g? ra n?a'naca da onlard an fe rql enir. Oger P b IO~): ~lItun bahq nvlerinin h a l111 S1111, ann or pan mey volordon
birinin ad1111, Ta6aJ()) isa bt n tt nl ori n ad nu ifada ed irsa '
b ~.l hl<,. izyum, Iut n rrk izmlerinda be le dcyildir. n ki bahk '
X~.ISl.~SI __ ha.~l~:lal1.m l~ yema k nvn, iZYlIJTI qurudu lmus zm !
""?":". '.nt un ISO bumlklo ta ba k ma'nasmda yox, onlardan
yalmz birin i bildiri r.
.. n cc-bnho t rk dillarmin bir oxunda baba/ba buk. Rus

6~:

dJ11l1C!v . K rp a usaq, me euzi mc 'nada: (hadd i b u lu a a tm anu s

ogla n) ironi ya ila isledili r:
b
"' ~Jl PJl ll1 CJl K rcc xan cr T BOI! , )I(JlC T - Ax 31' 0 npournoronHf,HI ficctmca .. . 3 IJ Y ere 61Ma).
Paltann stili; qls a paltar: JI106 a B CIIlICH 6apXaTIlOJ1 xodrre
C lJll3lCO " uupcmuuo rp ym.ro H H ropa O)~eTM{ , KaK fieficc ), B
ru np oxnu cax JJ,O KOJ/ CH (Kynpnn . (C51Ma ) .
.Ka pra. Rus dilinde nop oua va crapyxa: m c'nasr dast yrr ~I'asmcr 2, 196) . Ye'n i canh da mst q di linde va masallerin
torkibindo karqa nopona mo'nas mdn da saxlarulnu sd rr. K a K
111/ BCpTlIJI ..B~.pO l l a, CJlCpC.D,1 1 lWp J'1, II cJ a)JJ ! Kapr a (Ilan e 2,91) .
Karqa ~ozu daha ox bO$bog az , xb ari, cy ni zam anda ya~ h
adallJlara lstchza.ll, ba'zan do sy~ m nasiba tila i ~IBnilir; Kor.n;a
1'1,1 3ilMOJl'--l 11 III l>, cTapa5/ Kapni? - Hc BbITCp n CB, 3a Kp H'--l aJI el1
CO~)li1T (Y cnCllCK1I11 . <<l lpo OW -IY CTapyxy )}); K JICIlI Hil H/ - CTYnall KaP.I':l. C 1',06011 ncpc.n; OTbC3.n;OM ymDKYCh 5/ (A.K.T01JCT0I1.
Ua p /" I) o p" c~) . B ura d~l sa ray a'yanlan ndan olan Klqnin daya
Voloxova l11 dila tutur kI" ,~ ahzada Dm itrini l diirsn . Daya uzunLJ.zad l da Jll~ l r, bu fikra c'tiraz edir. $o lox ovun Sakit Dom) asa nn:I<i l11ahr~Jlll tondad/ r: Kapla CTapa5l, a Tyr a )I,e~ncpc)l 3epKaJl0 lJ .

65

(';;>

-===--

, Rus dilinde qarga an lammda rus soz voro na:

IQ a q~a sz hCYV311 (qus) ma'nasmda yox , bo ~boga7, bndxubur

'rcpxsa) 0c"r.U11I . caa au, ccupiora, cyna. CYJIa, CYJlTaHKa, 'ra pau,
rcpnyr, ucfiaic. 6aJlar.lyr. 1 Ha OCJlaB<l HlI U HCTO pU lJeC KUX Jla HH h / X
o TOj JrUJJ JH: K hlPbl;"'W c Po ccn c Mm/,I IO 3a KJllO ' IIIT h, ' ITO P YCCKOC

i~ I, ,(1iJ i r .

ma'n asi dasty ir. Szn scman tikas tna g r,) di lda hu nadir hadi so lardan ols a da s z n sas tarki b i dayiailmadan onun hoqiq i ma' .
nasi dayi sila bilcr. Trk mensoli rus qll~. hcyvan adlantun ar-

I
I

3Ha llClJIIC CJlO lJa (c yace nuoc H03HHKJlO turem ro 311CCh , n o}J.BHB-

o. moapcve nno C ca M011 CTaTCH axcrt opra, KaKOB<Ul lV15J

fir.tna IIpOC1'O puo (6aJ lbIK), a .1J) 15J P YCCKHX KOHCCp nnpouamu.ni ))]'160il (GaJIL1K) )J,MllTp Hel3, 525). Rus dilinde bu

W lI Ch

(heli tadqiqattst Sctarov Rus qll~ adlarmda trk leksik clementI lori adh maqalasinda yazrr: Bizim fikrimizca . qarga szn-

TaTap

s zn scmanukasmdakt deyisiune onunla izah olunur ki,

do le 'natl ome k mo 'nas i qarga V8 bayqusun rgulanm bod baxtliya yozul masr vo bu qusl arm bad ugur ol mclan kcyfiyyotbilardi. Maca zi me' nada karkat snn rus di linde na iso
XO$a gal me z bir scv ncad a n bildirmak kimi islonmasmi mqayisa etsak trk sz ka rt (yas ca qoca) sz jla q aq'!; a ~ v oro ll a va
q a r:;-~ a - b ' na t J8m<J s zlarinin kontaminasi yast ,lclqlJllkinli qan

Rus dilindo bahk aynca va kiilunc sak ilisi ilo birlikda

Tc6c J!3 ropoaa npllBC3JIH capmt rn.t H ansuc (Hexon .
1l,a'IIlIlKJl). GHJ CCT GJIIIlIhl ro ps-nura, KaK or-on s, eCT C a ac-

(3J135J cTapyxa , BC,IJ,bMa) ifritu mn'nah qarga sziinn ya1'allll1a-

i~lvdil ir:

sabab ola bilor. '

Sctarovun qarga sznii qam> (yasl i, qoc a) s zn dak i
111;)'na ila alaqalondirmuk cnhdi (bu maqaladnn on il uvvu l

5111a

IJ"l.llhIK- COJl CH3 )] cnlllllla}j 'ltiCTb

OCCTpOBO(]

phl6hl.

Trk

dil1;:) rindan allllllladlr knm-lal., azarb. , qljJ., qazax ., karaim baluk <m ba dcmakdir (Fasmcr I, 119; Radlov 4 1J (6). Trk di!18rinln oxunda <mba m.)'nasltlda i$I,,)(\ili1' (Yullisi darY<ld a
yudduran bir baJigLl, Ata~i- ibrah i ll1i gJ7ar cd'lll parvrdig<lr
(Xalai); KD Q-da: Qarl1l yanq ballgl qar~ ll iutdull (VII I boy).
Trk dil1:J rinda n nlS diJin<l kcan baliq adJan oxdur: 6 a K1Ja
( 6a~ml , 6aKJlJlHKa), 6aJJhIK, 6Hpfi Yl( (G IIpiiytrO K) , K<lIl J\<lH, 1 1;\I Ca
(xaJ'ilca), Kapallrwl (K)1JJ1JIl'JYK) , KapaChl]H. Kap]'IW, KyrCi\l a (KY-

1 fJdi': ."C(J(;c!lJ c~'ml m f()I )~-olO.'WI !l /98 3, .\~3 . c. j 5-/.

rus

dir. Dallgl isu Kmm xanlrgmdau XV-XVI e srle rdn Moskva

d vlotino onun xarab olmasindan chtiyat cdarak duz lannus haz ir
ha lda gatirird ilur-. Dah a ox zah iri, aldadi cr men tiqo csaslanan
IJ u izalu birme'nah qarst lama q oiruur. ox ze ng in tiirk mo tbe xini tasad hallaria bajilayan hu izah inamlm cl gr nmiir.

lori nat icesinde onlar haqqmda inanclarm neticosi kim] Y(lJ(111<l

yazdtgi diger maqalasinda de bu {ikirdadir] bizim fiktimi zca ,

inandmc r dcyildir. Sadnca , l1{)Z,)[ alaq ki. rus dilina qan VG
qanmaq t rk izmle ri kememisdi r. Rus dilinde bu szn diger
mo'nasmdan da istifadc olunur : Kapra - )KCJIC31I,Ul csca C
oCrpb1MI1 KOl lliaMIl, 3a611BaCi\la5J Tl 6pCBlIO . CBJ13allO JTll r.IOJlOnl ' I CCK Jl C K3p ra Bopolla (LJaCIIlcp 2,196.

d~1in<J ifada ctdiyi ru o h su lla Km m tatarl an m n di lind e n kc m is-

) ){) /l I , c o CM CT,lII Oii , c

tuepo li

JCp lllfCTOH . .

C fi a Jlb l'I KO i\1 OCCTpO-

(Kynp nu. lOllKCpm) . L uqob: Y OJllIOrO 113 OKO JI 1I1I)J{lIcro

xopnnopa, aa J\laJJCIIbKIJM )f(CJJTbl M wI<3{lmKoM, nonenraercs
Bbl/ll

nocnnnf C O'rCJJb ccp-cnn. ni n-rpaaccan cxr. O p B CJJYra .nana CMY np03Bi1IlJJC 1JaJ1l,1I0} (]JCCKOB. D OJJYH OllJ II HKH).
Rus dilinde bu szla bagll BalJk, I3i1hko, Bahkov, Bahkin familiyalan vardIr (CyncpaIlCKa5J... 72).
1 13 10,' 1 - zm sz man~l)yi na gra mumtrk lcksikasllla aiddir va qodim trk YJzlh abida larinde i $lallm i ~ di r.J
Trk di1i urinda l1111l11iyyatl0 hvr cr ZI11 ma'nasll1da ilk n v~
ood;:), tBza Zml> mo'nasll1dadlr, rusca yalmz qU;'udulll1u~
~ 1l1 ma ']]<lS llll ifadG edir (Dll1 itriev, 510). Szn ma'n asl bu ~a
kJlda (baliq sziindD oldugu kimi) yalmz ms dilim.l daxil olduqdan soma da1'al araq x sus i la~ll1 i~di r. Rus dilinin lgat tarkibinda
OTCTa13l1oii

: CC lillIPO(!

. lJ .Scl;m !\ '.
I

A.

l'IOfJ"li. \l I' 1 (; III1](!WflifIX i >hlfi

I illJl lJil a SI JJ; 's,

" .1(' 1II1I/!l1II"')(;. (

.1,

"CT" 198';, .fo.?J.f: c.IO.

10,

;1\lil l!l ,,{i~"~O(!. "iO/)~l3.li!'/

., 11 (!. \'C Ck/ ,\

I. N7.J . .'\ "!!-I. c.32-44

67

IW.JCOlIllJl.\

q)P)'/{II/OGhH

OCPf'(/bf'(!

/I

,I

'I
I

cleca do frazcoloj i vuhi dxna c, nopera 1I]IOM Ill l K<I uaca

aklindn dcrivatlan rnaraq do guru r. nki mnnbn ~ ld;). hu s z

[ zn

11310M CU ,

113fO MlfJIKa,

In IOM ll h ln ,

n : He <P)'l1T 1f3 )'lOM a : He JlOPO! -

a bu s z qe bilindan olan digar sz la rde hu XSUSIYY<Jt ha r run

aviyyeda musa hida olunm ur. ~ I.Taglye\" l1 menuqu mulaluz e ar ina gra se n dvrle rda rus dilinde hu szn lcksjk -qramma tik
!v-d sernantik imkanlan genis lanrn akdadir, halbu ki trk dreri
:daha kon servari vdi r.! Onu n fikrin ca ynlmz qurudulmus vnm
ma'n astnda alm an hu szn rus dilindo yeni mo'nast ink isaf cdir.
halb uki, bu hal trk dili n xaraktcnk dcyil dir. Ru sz n
oxma'na hhg i onun ~0K IIBOC, .RpKOC csocopamuc npnnaromuc
I<O MY, lJe MY-11II 6 Yllh npllBJICKaTCJl hll OC oCTp0TY ma'nas tnda z r
ix rr . Rus dilinde Jl31O M II HJ, lt3 10MII HKa)~ evva le tak hald
zmn bir gilesi me'nasmda islauilir. ha m do mocazi orijin . I
bir scy, na iloso do culb cdan mo'na da kosb cdor. Mcsalut
(danx dm ci adam haqqm da: B H eM IICT 11 3 10M lI lI Ka .1 L.Tolstoyun
Canh mcyit asarinde ai la ha yau ycknesek. danxd mc r kean
Protasov bu ha yata sy an cdir; ela hoyat isto yir ki , orada ha r
g n bayra m ols un (F cdya): I-Ic 6 [' IJIO 11310MIIIIKII , 3 11 a C1t1l" B
xaacc 1 I3JO ~ IIII1 K a ? - He 6 LIJlO H1VLI B na rucii 11< 11 3 11 11. A Mlle IIYA,-

BOCKJlJ1KlI YJI. XP Il Il Jll IBO P bl6HlI KOB r p OMbIXa.R 1113LlJKOii (K yn pu n .

Ill r afic-xamrr au . P bI6 11If KOBH); H o -re n c p t., n o n OIKHM, 1ll I'HOIKCCTBO. u y m . c o p uu x a . 1{31O~llI H K3 a KTO 3H aCT (A .YCXOB. TapJ{:CCTJlO:' Jlflfi~m 'T~Jlhr I: 'J...: i,eil ~:lI:I,:, !! .');- ma' nnsmdr- mii{l::.vi,~....

ki nu: Ilpocro-aanp ocr o

B >l JITY "pllexaJIa ;KCHa

r oupes Jler epy pr cxo cnnpx uu.

fioraroro npo-

TOJlCT3JI COpOKOJl eTHaJi iKCIl -

unnra, C nJIUOM, 6CJlbiM OT npnpozn-r 11 OT n YJIp bI, KaK 6ynK3, c

(A.Kynpnu . 13 Kpsury).
Masir rus odobi dili nde 11310:'1)) SZ Z islakliyini btn
alarlan yl'a saxlava bilrnisdir: B OT nonoaoui, OH OJIIIH p a l .RBIIT-

JlBYM1I CJla)lK IlMII 'ICp llhlMli 11 310 MIl If Ka MJI BMCCTO r n a s

C1I K TCGC lI b1lHhli , nacr rcc no qH1311 0 HlIM II II, If ThI c pas y yma -

euu.,

J10'ICMY ~ ) Y" T

unou a (Bopuc

KO CBlIH. <<A CCIf MUJHI.HTbJ

(hckaya ), 3I1a>l' )I(ypHaJIbl N, 10, 1990, c.l 53). Bu hckayada

yohudi qrzi lnn a bil' I1l S go nc oglanln - Viktor ia gr sr, na na si
va bt n aila OIl U bu fikirdan qorxudaraq eki ndinneye ahsrr,
bu zaman rus kisilorina xas 013n oyyasbg r, qa lmaqal hgt, davasaves kim i xarakt cr xsusiyyot lcri qabanq g starir. lfada pcsiman ohuaq, runt qahu aq ta a ccble nmak ma'nasmda islani lir.
)lYJlMa ll fars s z da rma n Jl C K ap cT BQ)~. cpencrao.
cnoco demokdir. Grnr olac, d a va-darman ma'n asm da
tiirk dillo ri va sita sile rus d ina kc m isdir (Fas mer, 1,555), Ha

11 0 GLIJlO 3a6 hIB aT bCJi. A Ge3 nrpu He 3a6YJlC lIl bC H. Burada z

scvdiyi va h rmat ctdiyi qadtrundan onun gzolliyini, agl1 llg1111
bile-bila bunu c'tiraf edera k qarb qnra r ql:l.111 il uynn Fcdyaum
hu ha rekatinin sabobi OI1UIl clo bu c'tira ile mo'Ium olm.
i(H310 MIIH KJ ifadasi N .S .A ~uk iJl VQ M . Q . A ~ u k i ll a lllll qcyd ctdiyi kimi (<yJ1o Tp c 6 Jlm OTC5I B 3 Ila'I Clll IJI : lI C' tTO upnnaiourcc oco -

'noprcc xnx H31,lK<.lX (rypl\l<:um, (QlCP/'vla l D>, (<)J,a pMalm - JlCKOpCTBO .

Ghl il BKYC, n p ll Bn e KaT cnL H o c Th

ll c

Ilcno BeKY) B03I111Kno

' lC MY- JII1GO ( GJIlO}lY, p ac cK a3Y,

113 ll a p OlU lO II Jl OCJIOllllllhl : IJC )lO p Or KBa c .

upcnofl

B3rJ DI}( J< aiKCTC}I

ncpoaruuur. 'HO Jla3BalIlIC s r oro Hn 0811cr u CBOCT BaM ozrypsri., onsancn, IJC-

Tora p <l CTCl lII C CB.R]il UO C

JlOBCK<I . 1301l\fO)l\ll O,

-rro

11 TaK. A

MO:IKCTb 6bITb Jf n p yroc : B

Ii CCKJI10 'l CIIO, ' ITO JIl lCTh H n y p Ma n a YIlOTpc6J15IJI1ICb .uJU! IIPII -

rO TOn .TJCIIlHI

KaKoro-To

ero Ha 3BaHHC. H
lIero HaWH npolI3B o,ll,lI bl C

3eJlh}] JI OTClOJl <.l nOllino

n o p o r a 11310l1111 I1Ka R KBac y CT ,UJO K pbl]J a T J,I~ 1 rrOCJIC fltHIB J1CJlIl5I

Y'A\C TO Jlh J<O 1l0 CJIC 3T oro PO)]JIJIlICb 113

npalllhl JI.H.ToJlCTOrO (uI fB oi Tpym) .

CJlona : l(jtyp M:.lI IIITb), l))(ypMaHC l lJI b I))

Bu sz ycna macazi ma'nada

b o~ ~ cy.

yng] masaJu

Ill U' -

l1 a ~lll~ J i~lan i l i r: P yc CKJffi COJl)I3T '-H O p;n, IlC II'Yll T lt1 h 1:\IY.
/ ,11 1;/fJJC'I

. 81" ; 1" /;1

1 , 1.)J': " I'IJ.' / f>t-II W <J,

Pv.<'(; lfl k m m; >qill; I_' /~ .' I_~(,

T~I'IiIlJ.'/N

r;

J~I'CC~'IH

~""" (T' /9n.\>4. c ~

--::>

IItlU:,I/I/IIJI

uS

Bdii dlld;:-)

all ~'ox

Ivui lir: ... 1aK

hu

(fleB YCnCHCKItH. 515).

(trk dillarinda n farq/i o laraq ) i ~

MO pCKOii 6 0Jl e 3 11 h 10, 6 b IJI B Ta KOM Jl Yp

nm'na da

/'>l Y' ll IJICH,

;\1:lI ll" ' 110 JFl fl , C 11l1'1CI' O He ll llJtCJI (llym lJl. CU LI lJ a nra ) .

t/'I')'~.IJ/(>f:t",\,

fJ"/'1<'f:h>.'r;, /

A:n Ul"/'-

Ci;n~)l lm: )k . S Dr,\ O~ o lm:lq

.\ I :l ll ll.' I O

(I;YIIIIII.

(ag n dan) :

Fe'l: g i.

U CC XOlll iJlO, Ka '13nocb, l lYP -

{( I{ O Il C !t))) . . .. 011 }KC CMe rnaJI Ton h KO llypM a WI -

lf i cnan xni aa nax llYXOB. 11 c ute 60JlcC J1YP M'H1 n ll~" j i :~a ll ~x
onoc ... (5yH lI lI . Hrn ar ). Darmau-zo hor. zehorli raadde:

... 311 rJllIH.na nanonaaer nypxr ano xt cnocro M)')Ka 11 npn xon ur K
311f MYIIllY (Ton cro. ( 4 TO T<l I-;OC IICKYCCT IJO'! ). Sa rxus olm aq.

basi gica llanma k: Y. ro TbI ?

.. di,

Cnar! ..

M)0K iI' IOK . . :.IYP " W II OM

n P IIXBa TIIJIO, lITO JIII? (Fpnropc eu-r. AIiTOll r Op CMbIKa ): T O'-lHU

(
.eii nan u n yp u a ny, ona 6CCCMI.ICnCIlH O 1I0 IJOJlI lJla r JI <l3<lMII 11 cy-

.nOpOiKHOx nar aJIOC5I xnm, 33 pyx u (4cxo ll. ~-IcllaThe).

Ru s dil indoki trk monsa 'i szturdoki bclc rongurung V'J
ox saxal i sernarnik da yismolor hu qebdon olan sz l;JIlI.~ hamin
dili n isle k leksi kast nda zne mhkam ycr tutduguna sll~utd llr.
Bu proses ha rta ra fli dork ctmuk. izlumok. t rk 1ll,Hl ~;) 1I sOI.I;: ll"I l~
bu dild a inkisafuun , rolunun dzgn quvmmlmasr. dork cdilmas i
n za ru n dir.
I

Qafqaz mvzusunda ya ztlnu s JSJrI.lI"dJ .Azcrb aj cau

ttikcasin dan kc m is sdzlor . Ek zutl zmlar

Qafqaza yiyala nruak istayan arizmin Simall Qafqazr 1l<Jhayor Cenubi Qafqazr - Azarbaycam r am cunu k s.iyas;:) I.i ,>~ IX
asrin lap a vvallari nden baslaya raq on II1 Drin mharibula rini 00gurdu. Ycrl i xa lqlart n SlXI ~Ol1"l lm aSI , zorla xristianlaschnna, Z
torpaqlan ndan qovulma, talanlar, yangtnlar. Y crmolovun d.<1 1"
agaclan, ycrla rda bas veren azadhq mhnribnluri b~ byk b ' r~
la $dirihmm ill)} am li addll11lan iJj. AI1l q uzaq Ruslyanlll n a fi:) SI
Qafqaz J aglan nda duyulurdu .
.
Azrbaycallill par a lal1 lb istila OIUll m <.lS I 11 03 ll u t i c ;,lb n ll
rus-iran miiharibvl;)ri , YClli xaraktcr alan khnu dardli 1l.ls-tiirk
mn aqi~a l;)ri bu miinasiba tla rin 1abd lyn, na q<:loar qa riba
olsa da daimilyini tv'min edirdi. Tasadfi deyil ki, Trkiya
l1l<:ld311i Avrapa dv la tla ri il;) bi ria $llla k i$inda biz\) vn g;)) olaraq
011ada dururH, - dcya still'i kda r, yap lllJ tD;)ssliO<.l Pll$kin yazlr
va qanh mliharibal<Jfa haq q qazand mnh .
.
. .... Qafqazlara gedi)n yo l alq idi. 13 u yol qanlJ ist ila YO lll
olsa fda bylik bil' fa rq li epo x<ll1m ba~la llglc l id L Qa fqazlIl, 0

70~

cmleden Azarbay canm Rus iyn te refindon isti lasr ila bu xalq latarixmdn ycni. fa rq Ii ms rem le ke xarakterl i ye n i he yat-epoxa ba~ laYlr~a da di gur tara fdan Qa fqa z xalqlan mn iqtisad i, ictirnai vu mudani hayattnda xsusi bil' oyanma baslayir. Bu zaman
1"111

he r scydon daha gcl razah r eden. daha parlaq boyalarla gze

arp maq isiaya n dogan yeni mnasibotler, qabaqcil rus modoniyyat i ilc tamshq idi.
Oabaqcr! rus modani yye ti ila yaxmltq Qa fqaz lka la rindn
mxrulif clmlorin sr'a tli mkisafma da tokan verdi. Bu me'nada
rus nhmlnri nin iosobbs ilu nasr cl unan (C60PIl Il K MaTCpUa JJOn
DJJ}! o nnca uus MCCTIlOC Tel If JlJICMCH KaBKa3a macrnuasi Q a f quzla rus z iya hla nrun tamshgina k mak ctmisdi . Ma'lum oldugu
ZT;:) or ta osrlord o de Azn rbayc an trkcas i Oafqaz xa lq larm m
bil~a d sd y va isla tdiyi bil' d il o hnu sdur. Odur ki . rus ta rnast
baslayan XIX as rin baslangicmdan rus ziyahla ruun qarsrlasdrgr
m hitda bt n Qafqazda. 0 cmladan T iflisda Aza rbaycan trkcas i islonil irdi. XVIlJ es rde Tiffisda yesanus crman i sairi Sayat
Nova \'<:1 bir ox cnuoni sairlorinin - (onlarm sayr 37 5 na fa rdan
cx d ur) trk co yazmalan! Tifl isin yerli tarkibi ila bagll idi, Qcyd
cdo k ki, ha r hansi bil" dil basq a xalq tn pocz iyasmd a belt) bil'
hquq qazanmaq n sbhosiz ki, hele bu as tdan ox-ox ovvell or bu xalqm ia risinda sc'r di li so viyya sina qodor qalxmali
idi: ha ruin dili tak en bi lma k yox , a de bi dilin slubu, bodii tosvir
vasila i<"Jri \'0 s. haqqJll dt'i. mknl11 l1lB I biliy malik olmaq vacib
icJ i.

Rus iisul idarasi nin Zaqa fejaziyada b<:1rqurar oldugu illurdiJ

<1,1 Al'. urbaycan liirkcasi ii lll ll lll all l a ~ Jl] a vasitas i olaraq qalmaqda
idi. Lcrmonto\' bu bari:)da z dostu S.A.Racvskiy T iflisd ull
o ktynbr-no )'nbr 1837-ci il tarixda yazm J~d l: ... Ta ta!' dilini y1';)]1111;'))'\1 ba $ l a ll ll ~nlll . Fra ns lz d ili Avropada zaru ri oldllgu kimi ,
bu dil d;) burntla va lllllllliyya tla Asiyada zoruri dim ,2 ad\), 111 S'TJ~fOl . .~:~I '; " -N''' ''I. &1). EA -/1111 JI'"I,wJ)Y:I/l. 1954. .~ ..'I4: Y.Rmmv;' /I/(/ v, AZilrb.'~I -C;1II dllllld ,l. l ,.17Ib -y .1r;I.!;/1/am,ml .7.''1,,1:Jn Bi/k J. ('EI,,/)}. 19ifJ
: D.71 : .11. /0 "''''''''''0110'1 COOI'<1HIW t'O'<"IJ(>lIIlii 6 '/(>lIIbIlJCX /,m 'WI . .It.. "A:Ic:J(~JIi("('cm .
,;,' ''' WH.1U111"I"I"'.17'o" 1'J6~ 196j. 111".11 ~. c.J 11_

i :,

!biyyat tarixisi, biblioqraf, memuarist Rusiya lrnperiyast Bas

M3tbuat idarasini n rai si Mixa il Nikolaycvi Lonqinov Lermontovun hayati VD eleca de Qafqazm on a ta'siri ndan bahs ede rak
yaz lrdl: Ma'lumd ur kr, Qafqaz va G rcs tanm Lcrm ontovun
, ilhanu na nc ca g cl ta'siri olmusdur. 1-JaCl Abrck D emon,
I<<ismayll boy, Mtstri, Terckin thfolori , D ys: :'alcrik, Tamara, G rs. Ka zbcka. Qaaq, Qafqaz,
i Qan h aser lari bu diyann ha diyyalaridi r.

,
I

Bu te'sir ham da Kazak bcsik

J18g!11~)s)nd\J,

X;J!l-

e:.Jmde, Yuxuda , Odoy cvskinin xatirasinn pyesindo. <iAg Jama, aglama ma nint krpo m . Zamanamixiu q~h~';:l111anl uscrlnrinda de gcl duyu lur. Qafqaz 21 yash Puskiniu do 22 ya ~ ll
Lermontovun da ilhanuru qanadlandtnrdt. ! Lcrm ontovda da Qafqazda yesanus. fa aliyya t gstarmis digar cdebiyyat xadimlari
kimi bu ta'sir s zle rda do hiss olunur. Onun diliudak i nna .
saz, astq mvlarn (/lIOymllll) yo k, ya111al1, tuzluk, oglan , djanek a, sindi grrsz va s. kimi trkizmlar snirin Azorbaycan
trkc as ina rnaraq va diqqatiniu neucosidir.
Rus ca miyyat inda gzdun saluub Qafquzn dyus cnbhusina gn darilan Polcjayev qlsa huyatmda Lu ycrlorla b~l g l1 to'sirf
vu yctkin esarlorin m al lifidir. lndi xarabahqlan qalnns. uh alisi
qmlm rs, yeni ca dy usdan rxnn meyitla c101u kundi g,:lZlJJl ~air
dy~ onlar araslllcla ox gan c fOvqalada gzal bil' qJZIIl da
cD5Dd ini gliir. Hu ycrl i qJZlll boynuilu apan cp\tnc zurb,)s lnd;m
onun uzun gur h riiyii dG kasilmi$di r. Bu 1118n!,Jl,) ~airi 0 Cjud"r
mltossi r cdir ki, 0 bu salardall yadigar gtiirr L1 Cplla51 Koea
(Qara sa) ~e'rini yazlr. Bu kimi aglr, ta'si rli tiJassratl<tr ll~)tica
sindo KCl111 Cnik 111azarhgm, Kubanda gccaJ.l , Erpel i, ir
YurN asor}8ri mcydana IXIL Su GSar}\J rd8 i ~ l a1l 8n ~<I111x(ll, aul.
toxta (dur, dayan), ber-abazI (abbasl ver), bayram, urck, ko~kil
dl, sama n, amanat va s, szJar mvzulann hvssas liq va diqq,)thJ
i ~l a ~ d i y i n i gsta rir.

,lI lt .rl oll .' III IOG.

," 0,\11'1111-'-"

0 J h '!'.1I0 1l IJIIJ , ;e. <lJ/ep.1I0Il JII06 (; (iU 1' IJ O.\J1II1<1II 1rJ1.I'

. \ le lll; Ii ~()(J!' "1II1111{ibllliJa . 1'. 18 9 - / YR

72

" 0(;/"'-

~")

KCHl~ ~~srdD ca uisi uliyin murk a zi Tiflis se herindaki Sorq

~l1.d,~vn.l yya~ ll~ JI] pa rlaq tnzahriari ni, t~irk canil1 na zare arpaca q

lIS{ llll J ~lk l<'Jn nJ (lil" ox hallarda yahuz Iran (fars) ta'sirina baglayau alimlur a qa r~l S,Riist;:J11lxa nli ya zrrdi: Co lil MammadquluZild,11111l msuhnaulanu - azurb ayca nhl an n paytaxt i adland trdtqlart Tiflisda aneaq Azurbaycan to'sirin da n s h ba t gc da bi la rdi . I

~lit~ill QaJ,'qazda Azarbaycan rrk cosinin ii 111U n1<1l1Ia~m;:

olma tanx i lap qadimdir. Prof. To fiq Haci ycviu yazdigin :~ g{H~l~ , A~<Hba~call dilmin Qufqnzda , m uman Yaxm Se rqd o
ktluvi IInsly~ut imkanr vu s hro ti XlII e stdon te sdiq olun ur.;
l-b t1<1 qonsn dillcru erab vu fal'S s zlan Azerbayc an dli vasitosiVaS I[~)SI

la kcir.?
Dna-dno Qafqazda. Bak ida olmus M.Qorki yaz ird t:
OCCJl hlO na KaBKa 3c - 1'0'1110 B oraroxr co6ope , KOTOp h IH nOCTp011JJII ucmu.uc MYVp Cqhl - OIlH)KC ccrna H aemucne rp eWIHlK H,
- flOCrp011Jl1 I, ~1To6bl cspsm, OT 30pKHX rn aa concern cnoe
nponmoc, IlcoG1>JITJlbJ i "paM lf3 301101'a, 6H p I03hI, H3Y!1-lPYlI.OB,
P'l' lI\CCl!JI~1 110 nlp;\I\J nyuumc KOB]1bl , I lll lThlC nrcuxau n Y T lO PKCal\l,ll)J(ilJlJIC, B ll,JC!\IUXC, orpafinn n neer, l\-Hlp H ace _
na rnrua conuna , KaK 6bl /K CJl a~ c x aa a'n, e MY: _
fBOC -O T I BOIIX - T cc ! ( 110 PYCll rn . I).
Oafqaz bir axtans manbayi kirni yrenilirdi V \) har bil'

"'I CH , B

?llCCJIJ1 ~ J,O)1 <l,

as,m lu onUIl cogr,dJ VD ctnoqrafik za !likla ri daqiqlikla VCril1118y~) , '~ li ~ d lJ"(ll . l\-1os, PoloJlskinin Qafqaz mvzu sllnda yazI1 an nda

btlbJ (qadm list gcy mi) Vv liJk (lGak) kimi szlarin lD a'nalanni )',11-1\'1 z milli glirc qadlll gcyimlari kimi ~<)rh cdir. B OT
TaK JIJI ' raK 3arOnOpl1Jla Maf'Il,llla 1-J II<IKHHY11a ero ce6e Ha rOll OB)' (J IOJJOlICKlI i, TlHJl11I-JCCKlIe CJKJHm) . Griindiiyii kimi aslnd'-J hu s.?zbr giird~ dili. n lrk m8 n~lli ahnmalardlL Qafqazd<t, () Clll.:llDJillJ S.l,mali Qafqazda beli:), yerlilrll tiirkce q OI1U~
duqla n sO/l ;)!' budJI ~)S<'1]'kll'da gz<.) <l rpan dil dctn!\an ilo vcrilir.
'. n,lI : S'/( l" I,)III\;lfJ h liJ/r kil.1/)/ (J,i/I cIJk. IJ.. 19S9. s,76.
. 7,/1,'1"1)("\ , A / ' I/A u eiJ/! " di/bi dili {;Iri l/' lil. , ".Wi -99.

73

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -,
Lev Tolstovd a hotta I laCI Murad ve dignrluri. c1 ~)C,) (1\) ycrl i
xa lql ann niimayan uluri ila yan asi bu yerlerdo m askunlasdmlmts kazaklar be k), tu rkca dan rsul ar (Lukaskal: Alla cc nu. - p u-

vaxitusilu do qiqliklu barpa ede bilir: Tyr r.r n a ay p n a

uan 0 11, n op.m ancs . Ela cn du Cny 6YJI (6Y)[1> 3J\OPOB),. - cxa'ran

Epouuca )'Jl bI6 a 51Cb. Onun osarlorind oki ka7a~ l~rlll dtlll~.d ,) _kos~i ldi , alla n~zl ~lsUJ1, lI ydc l1l ~~da ll1 i). Alla b irdi V,) s. szlur va

ifadalar vctilmis.
,
..
Dcdik ki , Azarbaycau trkcasi bu zaman Qajq azl1~ .1.~ U ~- ( ;.1~
ra k dili. dernek ola r ki. yeg anu anlasma vas ttas t idi. I.m:~ dil i
nagrllarda , mahrularda tasvir olunan hayau ~ fad <) ~lllldk uun .( 1'mani xalq luhca le rindun daha sali s, dali a l~<l (kJ ll ~:';'l daha zan gindi r.' Scvortyan da 11,)1a monqola qo dark i dvrii I~'J7,mi'l ~ ll
tar aq yazirdr: Hom in cpoxanm cnnani m olliflurinin " .~ s.~)I"I.Y
yeti Z hamvatanlari kim i turk dil ind e da msudr lat VH gorunur.

ikidilli idilcr ."

Bu ve rl arda isl u yau va ya~ayan Qrib o ycd ov Rus kundli si
Dement i -'h an ov Tsikuliuin qcyri-adi maca ralan
s.o)'<I11 ut
qcydla ri adh yazismda rast gal diyi trk sz \m'.I.ll ln nisbat on
diizgn variantuu va m anso y iui g storir: kurus - tUJ:k qara .p ulll.

:'D

pcncrud _ farsca pcndir, finik i - \in-s~c a xurn.1a. Bu SO/".'llll1 17.ah.a

ch tiya ct ohm zoruri szlardan ol duguu u gosturnn (l ~n d odtu k i.

dCll1 vli yall1l z AZ;Jrbaycan lli rkc~l s i Qa fcFl7.I1l l1l11ll1mllslYY,ll vas i t ~ls i o lll1t1 ~dll r.

!'
I '

'I
1
1

, .

. "

Rusl ar Qafqazla arcl1ct! kOl1ta kta gtrdl kb n XJ,X ,)sr boyullca Qafqaz cani~inliyinil1 nmrke?) olan T111lsin zn di'l \rk d,lH l1i! 1 il,), tlirki tv'sir dllyu\an mli h lt l a qar~ll a ~IIl:11 1 nlllrl,;ll . A I.IIL!
~rin iscl<J c{) onlar yc rl i dalll~ lqcla st n gnl uil lrkc;Jlll 11ll 1\l Il H lIlSiYY8t v (lsit,) si kim i q'Jhll\ etnFlli ~l llrlar. 0 zall:all..t"us qO\U l(ll<l,rl
tarkib ind3 Qa rqazda bu lunan vv TlflJsd,') Pll~"11l 1 gordn.~ 1.;-';~ ,~- LlI
ij) K.Sa uostya no\f hGmio <1.\.~allll 1;..lsvir cc1<'J F)k hu g.oru~ll. 01.dll 'Ju kimi canland l1l11 (l(1 n vacib o\an ycrli kohm l1 ycrll d1l

"

'r a xraura

ncarmuca H 3aYJll,lJJ[[}\ llCpCJ1.Lt:CKaH JleCII5I (sbhe yoxdur ki,

mcmuari st bu oxlnn kimi Til1is sanli klarinda oxunan Azarbaylil rnugam larnu nozcrdo tutur-rn ua liif) Jl aXaJIO, u AJlaBepH J:>I
(r py"311IlCKllC \le CIII I) ~I H! (UIII 0 .1f H
(Bax: u. cpecacn . Ilyw](1 111 B >KJlJllll, c.72).
Bu za man rus dilin do yaz tlan badi i usarl a rda bu mhitdan
txrb vay rlnn unk sozluri aX1Il1 msahide olunur; trk dilin tn bi l'
cox zung ju clc mcntluri muhz ham in yazrr lann asarlurindan
sonra rus dilindo gorub aruu aga baslaytr.
Qafqa za srg unu gnda rilmis dckabrist adobiyyatr
A.A.B cslujcv-l\1arlinski 8 il azarbaycanlrlann arasmda yasayaraq. () qodur o nlara qnynayr b qansnusdr ki , Azurbaycan dilina
bsbtn yi yalun mis Vil oz a sorlarinda on lann hoyatuun parluq
J1

runglorini uk ntisdi r.!

Qnfqaza yaX';;l bul ad 0 1<.111 , onu daha yaxmdan tarumaga,

ayaq basdlgl Qafqazda - nmasir Dag rstan uraziinrinda va Dorbandda , aynca A Z8rYr\)IlIll~)YU ah san Bcstujc v-Marl inski nin

ba vcan m hitiu du , S ama xi, Q utqas cn va s. yc rlurda ijk cs itdiyi

SZhH nuk dilindo idi . Onfqazfa bagll esorlurinda, 0 cmladan ,

ycrli xnlql ann mstum luk u z lm no qarst harukatuu a ks ctdiruu
AmmaJ al bek (183 J-ci ild ya zll1l1 1';; V<J MOCKO\JCKllil TCJICrp'H.j))1 JurnallJlI1l J332-c'i il J-ei saymua np olllllnm.;;du; qcyd
Cd ~1 k ki, b u DS'Of h,'ll11i n d vr rus ictimaiyyo tinv g c! 1,1'sir
b l1 ra X nll ~ V,) Jlijm in ilh,rd;,) lll 'l~ h Llr rus bestakan i\.AJyab cv <dm
Illii!lild,l iiz c.;; idi J ll1 u l1l i ~ ycnil iy i il n parJa yalll> AIl1111alat-l3ck
opcraslIll Y'1Zl r. 2 1836-c l ild" ap Oh lnll1l1~ Molla NlIm aserJurinci;.) 1.;; ltd iyi t rki z llll,~l r o nllll can ll, darin m~ahidal\1rinin
Il1~)hSllJlId lll": lqid, djil adar (cilovdar), bek , kckxuda (kondxuda),
a ll ~ ( avll~), cmdjek (vlll cak-sd qarda ~ l), zu ll1yar (qlvrnn tcllilr, sa), tuman (qad lll gCy'imi), kIr (qlr) , arakin, fcnnan , cv,
1

l3.n __

fI"IJ"" ,.J 11 I ' n'c >;/Ic IIIIU IIII <'.'III

- ,1/" lUIlC/,' lIi

r; , !J"I ,{j(l i l tJ !I<"OI Ii': A ,rw).}fCIIC(,' A iI.licc llly.}f(('(I

(" '.1I III III I JI"'-1

, 8. / I.I'a !IC('I:U ,,11," '<'11

cl i O.

.11/W r! ( !1i,

('l 'i ll>!lOI i

7S

.'(JJlII. 11!>1!1.. . " .

" IJclllj " " 1II C IIClllOj" I<'!i" .

utaq, iqarat (ima rat), kala-bek. tapaudja . eqer (yah ar}. krzrl qyullar, krzrl kus, urek , qaram i (haranu), bcreke t, karavas. pc sk cs.
aqa, komus (qopuz), bclad (bo'nd i}, uoqul, aqalar. coxJq sa.
qakim (hakim], xaram-zada , t , ';, pul, kara pul, nogat (nq tn) .
menzil, badj i, xatm, alma-dolma. xtnkal , rop i- basi. bayrax t .
kalyan, samxal, qasil (hosir), kul luxi. ayvan ... aYrlca ifadolor:
alla-val laqa , xos qya ldin , saq olsun , djamm . kurb an uu . qYOZUlll
usta, bastm ust a , saytan aparsm , and ic rim. zulmat kimi. buyurun efendilyar, rnenun biyukum. it ugli, bulbul zatna m (gan clik
dvr) ... aynca cmlolcr: taxsu-umdun ke, a kapi ni axmu ax trt
(orxpo ztacpi. lIaKOIIcu); para-para cylardim ; duz-urck koy
qozlcrin tutsun; tez git, tcz: utanmaznusm? Qcrck didi : kulak as,
kardaslar. na adam dur bu? va s.

Bunlarla

yana~l,

rus dilinde bil' nca yzilliklur boyu m h-

kamtonmis tiirkizmlariu ycrl i dantsrqda farqli , lakin asil -orijinal

varia ntlan da yazruun diqqntini calb ctmi sdi: WiUJBap (ui a -p o nap), 'lyxa ('-l)'1IKa), 1\rIIJl (nacnrur), -raxan (uraxau ), CCHp (5JC" P,
nnen}, KJlCa (KlJCCT), aparta (apfia) ncpxt au (JlYPI\ 1<III ) ilallYll)l/ll

,
/'
I

(cnanva), JlJl nI\ll'l (TOJlMa'l), K<:lpmlJl {xapaea u) vo s.

Bcstujcv-Marlinsk i Qafqa zm tautarn Iiirkc n danl$dlgllll grrd . 0I111n qcydlcrine g ro, hct ta kazak lar (<<]]O'JTlJ nee 0 11 11
rOnOp51T Ha TaTapCKIJ) ) turken danl;.;mhlar. (irnu y iizr;:).
Alcksandr Dcstujcy - Marlinski z d halllin szbra CJddi
yana$Jrdi; rus adbi dililllbkl iilllU llll$I,) k lrk izllll,-Jrl;) bil' slrad;l
trkizm-realiyalar, ekzol izmlar $1<)I111;:)si ij;:) yana$l, rus dilinda
i~lk vahid oll11u$, sonrakl ;:)srlrd;:) i$la klikda n lX ml$ pul.
bra pub> (qara pul) sz!arin i gCll i$ OXUCll kiitl,)sin;) d,)q iq atdlllllaq n Ollll l$!ad;:)rL)n hOlll in sziin ~ a rh in i diJ vcrirdi;
PUI-Boo6Ille JlCHbJlI (pul q;:)dilll rus dil inda i$k)]1ull trki/.ml"rdandir, indi tarixi uS rlarin dilindn saxlanllml $(hr). I IYJlL ) trk
ccbki pul SZiilFl ocdib ixall n V]lh) - mis sikku trkcas lll'
d;lki pub> sziindolldir. Rus d ilina -O w l Orda dvrnd,) dax d
olub. Odur ki, rus dilmd;) i$l 'llFm polll$kada (<<,Jl] xm liJ pHl)
lrk sziidiir - deyo M . F a ~ tllcr rus dilinin ClilllOl oji lg,)IJl HI;)
qcyd edir. (Bax: Iv1.F asmcr lJ 19) A.J3 cslujcv - Marlinski lb bu
71>

szun cm o loji tohlil in i vcrm aya ahstr. Onun bu zam an hazrrh-

gl , masolenin mantiql i izah r te'siredicidir. Kap a nyn -uaue ncHCjJ( ~a HJlH nOJ1)'111Ka (eoropaa npOH30LUJla BOBec He OT nonYJlJ Kal> a OT TaT~Koro I<nYJm). ,Ua H CJlOBa pym, npOHC XOJ1HT
rto unennro I\lOCMY He OT py6Kl1>1, a OT apacxoc C]JOBa PYI\'leTBCJTrh 11 ncpcuma K naxr OT KO'lCBbIX a3HaTl{CB JlpeBHOCTH
(Bax: A.J)ceTY>KCJ3 -MapJIIIIICKlIii. AMMaJlaT-Eclm).
A .Bcs tujcv ~ Martinski bil' cox yer li trk szlarina digar
rus yazrrlann m sot lu yanasdrqlanm hiss cdarok trk dil inde ev
(dom).. utaq (palata) , saray, qaram -xana (onun qcydJarina gra
hu cvm qadm lara aid h isses idir va rus sz <<XOPOMbJ}) da bu
s zdun yaraunusdu-) saray, naopen ma'nasmda istenen s zlar
oldugu halda rusfaun ise arkezca cv me'nasun veren birc a
sak/i s znde b tn bu mo 'nalan qansdmb ifada ctdiklorini
qeyd cdir. Muallif ox haqh oIaraq Aznrbaycan rrkcas inda rast
gcl.b isletdiyi oma s znun bu dilin znda sz va kiiltme

sakilinin (-8) istirak i i!a yarandigrrn va bu szn rus diliudaki

umika s znn anasr oldugunu gstnrirdi . 0 , ruslara ox -

dan mo'lum olnn bo'zi trkizmlarin izahma ahsrr, 1110salo11, KHca/x ncosxa, Kap aYJI szlarinin rus dilinden trklara kediyiui
y? X, n~sl tIr1 lJ trk lcrdan hulo mogol lar cpoxasmdan gtiirdyn

SOyI OYlr.
.. .. ~ .13C?l.Jjev.-: M.arJlllski rast galdiyi va i~ la(diyi doliba~>l
s~zllnun blltllll. xllsll.sJYyatl orini vcrmayv ah~lr: daliba$ -ya'ni
ag ilS1Z ba~, aS]l1ldo ISO C\:Jsur adam; trklardv isa bu sz harbi
sa!l;)yo aid sz saciyyos ind;:) oldugu kimi d;) ~rh cdir: dali ba~ kavale ny alllll xiisllSi nvii; bu dyii~br uc1an iyill18rilld,m
a~<Ig.l sal l<I nan hiindiir kalpak qoyurlar v d~l11on slralarllla ha1~~i ~ l'I i.!k o.laraq ahlirlar (Bax : (~Molla NUn. Qcyd etmaIiyik ki,
turk dillann lll q8dilll abid olorindLl da dali igid, cosur l11a'nalarda.clJ r (m;)su lan Dvd;) Qorqud ' V8 Koroglw> dastanJannda).
Hu lur k C~)Surlll gll m ,-ly!nlll ~hr ti ox t,:l'sircdicj oJub gcnj~ ya yrJd l. v S!lnr/;:) rus bcli! dilind,) V;) adabi dilillin Iiig\1tlarinclo du!Iba~ IlD m h'lrbi IClll~i ll kimi rast guJinsu cl;:), m;:)'cazi ma'nada
qu Jdur. ba$k,)san , hiJrami daha ox i~J onlirdi . Grnr, bu sa 77

~--======-

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by:~)~;'~,hl~'~"~'I~:~I~'~i~~'~::~1~~1~['~

Bc stuj c v-M arl inxki (j a fq<llda

I>X laq[na,

nnunma sad;

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l' balnd oun us tiu'k 111 ;)' n ,W I g Ohl I ,
yina . sadaqatmn yaxll1c cl l~. 11 .'r
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alin i e ru b bir llC'~ damla qla:~ .I ~I ,dl ~')]'\lud<Jl i k duyilulan hududYerli turk dilina olan \ 0 1111-1 V,l <
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~otUl.dl,IYU ~l::o,

nagil larda n, etalar

SO l. klrl l1-

1" ." \. rindun cpiqra flnr \"cn lml~d lr.

dan, el sairlor:nm hikmet 1. SOIZ .1""'\"1 oo!u bir n.lIJl;m li.b i.l;'l
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varadan
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;)crkl"lfl.llli0 usra
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Q ba yolu
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' bi .1' 11- ,l"lzkar ll1D JlZ<)Jd d l t;,)J\I1lJ"l .
rangtz Ir ui a c L, ~ : . - . r
'1 111 bi> cst ctik talan arut
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, .' d: cvd cdir kJ. Qafq az e 3 )
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beslvI. rus ~,ur 31JllJI1 ~ C l '-

ce sinden

ya.r~\J:I1l I$cl.l.I)'<l<;'l)"lIJ

tik' \;<Jtun lv ri oimaq ll

XIX iJsr Q3fqa zl - turr.:saY<lgl " ' ,' -'

Vi) tr kCil

d,\I1 1~;\ll

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Qaf~,-~z h~~ntJ,\?~tl~;~ ~~;~. ~,::sn~';\Z1J1allllll byi'l k bir d;l~t'lye l1l d,m ) ctJ. ~( 11 . ,
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.,dh ll l1l Q' al<-l azd,lJl kcm ll.
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Qaf( az yell! 1ll0v/,ulaJ, SUjet d l .
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. ,~ , I . . . _ iv'at11llJl ;xlim vn\m <J1 ;l1"1JH[dk l YC. l1I~d~J~ld
Bu tClZdll k l US vdub-,) . . q . ' " , .'t ;:)t hr in dil llllIl l\' llli llncr<Jva Oiri)1l sIyasHcll1ll31 JllU ndSI ), <

va yel
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nar<Jng~.lllilt!
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tar;:)qqqJiJI
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- '- lan l;m'lfi nd,lll Yliks\lk qi)dJr~ul1asl lqda

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. bu l cdilib a xz olllnurdu.
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Rus advbiyyatll1da ckz.otik. Qaj(p/. gOl\llllYI. L,~ )l~ll Hl :'I~ :1
. t'qd, 1"1
w)hn
l ,Jl II1
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dllygU
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Dalia cox badii xaraktcr da~lyan bu yazilnrda hat ra ro vzular 7i1 xaraktcrin a gro surqli olm , zia rin in ked orli va dariu
psixoloji motivlnri ila rus ,1dDbiyyatInIll diger nmunolerindon
scihrd i. Serq hikmnti . afori znu . so rqden ax z 01tJll 31l g zs ! bisslur: vota. c'tibar, oonaqporverhk, dostluq .. uzaq lke lon n arlIHtgall]arl qadur CllYllliJlJi. cyn i zamanda mara qh re's ir burax rr.
Dcprcssi yaya qaprlan A .Qriboyc dov dost una Az arbaycandan ycn i uyran diyi vo me'nasma valeh old ug u Sorq ka larm gndonr. 0 ycrdo ki, dost yoxdur, oradan da kudorli yer yoxdur
(muktubda bemin ifadan i hem do onj inalda-arah ai ifb asr ila 3Ynca YC:lZ1r).

Oribnycdov muyyan fasileler!e, taxminan on ij Serqdo _

Oarqazda. Azarbayc311 . Iran. 'lil ox (1:1 burada Aznrbaycan eya lotlorindo ya~<11nl~dJr (lIk defc 28 avqust 1818-cl itda Pctcrburq dan lrnna vola dsr. Tiflisdo oy len dikdc n som a Iravana, Nax rvnna burndan da Tubriza, Tchrana - ta krar gcnya _ Tabrizo.
Tubrizd an Sim al Qufqaza - qayna r Qafqaz nqtel e rine gen d nur. IB20-ci ildu tule rarun Tiffisdcn rann - To briz a yola d$8Jl
Qriboyc JovlJ1l humin ycrl nrla tonwSl l miina killli (1829-e11 d)
dav ;J1ll edir.
(l ril1oycd()v 25 iyuJl ] ,s20-ei il tarix Ji lllok tlibunda N. K axoy skiy ,) Tabrizd<-Jn y;lZ!nlJ : Zib - vra ngin xD zimlsini ve rs;)Jr
bela, Qa fqa7: dagl<lnnlll 0 biri li7:iina ayaq basan dcyi l'=Jlll -dcya liz
c\'ird iyi Pc(crburqa-Eusiyaya bir da dnmo yac i?Jyini xabar ven r.

Qriboycdovull f,)aliYYGlini n as aSUlJ di ploma tik llla'murluq

\',) ya/.l' l!Jq {\)$kil cdirdi . Diplomatik sah ad a qoh umluq alaq alaril];) gril (Qriboycdovull mllis i Cj II:'J, Qafqa z caJl i ~ i ni hvl11in illar di:l Husiyanlll iran V;) TrkiY8 i [,l apard lgl mharilm!ardv ba~
kOJllandan i.F. Paskcv i-Eriv<Jnsk inin arvadl idi) . Rusiyan1l1 irancia fvq,)lada Vi) snJahiyy;)t!i safiri vozife sini?J qi?Jd;)r 'yksa la n
Qnbuycdo vu n bu zaIll811kl siyasi hadisab rCl Z baxI$lan yard!.
Ti ir k n l' lni.;ay slilhii ~i)I I I ;l rilli ll haZlrlaJlll1<Jsl vn ln:lhhiidla rin in
)/crnliJ v c( i ri l ll F l si ndil xilsllsi ralu (OllUll bu prosesd,) crlllD lli ma;'ilql<;ill~a \'U arizmin istiladlq niy ynl Jari llG xidmut i) ortay a l-

~~

79

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-======-

ll1~rkkab tarix i h u, ' ,

.
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durur
Bu
h
ertarai
foal
iy
ya
t
onun
ya
ra
dtc
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lg
llH.la
markazm ;j

i cl, sili umaz iz qoymu~dur. Qr iboyedovun damstq u.s l~Jbul1a

~3rq szluri. bashcas' trk s zlcn ~ Azorbaycanl a tamasd an do-

X1f. Bu zaman 0 asi l s im a kimi

ban trk szlc ri daxil olm.

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Qriboycdovun z asarJarind i~l;:)tm,~y;) ba~lad lg1 turk. so.z.lari rus adobi dilindo m hkam vc snbit yen olan ull~~~:n .l_ .h~l .~
kiz mlor suusmda tamam yen! gninan, tam farq la ua n s07 1\.)]d~l .
bam bak (pamb tq}, kounua, cnam (onam ), fe rm,a ll, bU,Dl .( Ikl) .
cpar. cparxana, arvadar, iass kul (Y<lsa:~Jl ) , ji.~k:.r
:u.~
man/toman (tiun an} , buruu. mcvdan , adir. _( ax t ,l l {\~ d l1, bcqhu
bek, kaymakam, faras (1'arra$). xan. xan~a,.Hllll ar ( ~11\ na r; l), l~l V C,1
. mayo r) kal var (xalvar]. k uru r (kur ur) rnuzn, ~ , \ :\z,Idc .
(yavar.
I
li
ib-s hun
bi ioas i pas a sardar. scdcr-aza11l, m exrnanc ar, va 1. n<ll isu (_.
s\~:dar ('sip~h~!ar), pasahq, vi za , aqa (u zunluq ls u). ll <l\TUI::
kurus , uslay ( st gcyimi) , bayram, rnanqal , k,~~11l ,~k, ~OY1 ~lcl
(yapma bezak} , yasu (esir). peri , ~l\st , nUkL:: l:~(Il.nlha,llld.J, ~hu~
jinuik]. kalyen . kalvani. csik aqasi ~ .b'l$:l, dj cyrnn . 'llllb l cl.( d,lll.
bar}, akalka , dervi s. aqa , losak (klJk at), kaler (?ltll ), ab,u;,j
(abbasI) , luqa t (slovar, lga t), sorb et ( $ ~) rb3[) , el1l1r Z~ld ~, ~~d t<.lIl_
(kapitan), xalat (f8xri mkafat) ~aan~$~ ($ah.')~l$ah) vVd .S... Sl~~j.dl
vasitasi ij;) $()rq zvq, milJi-elnlk dU$llllCaSl J! bagll tvs,) :' ~ 1.11.I.H yarad lllb canttllldmlml$ VD uzaq rus o:\l\cUlann,l t,J\Jllllkl

y;)qlr:,

a tdJrlhl11~dlr.

, .
..
._
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Qafqazla ba git haY3tm, 11l81$i3tl1l, X,USUSD.ll 1I1sanlal In O~l1nn biiln kolo rit1, btn xaraktcri dG VCnln F)Sl1ld~l bu ycrlJ soz1;)1' diui3f vasitiJ\rdn

seilir.
Qriboyedovun Qafqaz, iran , dah<l daqiq d cs~k , bu yc rl.~)J: ~ 11
trk mh iti, xsusan trklr ya$ayan ycrliJrl;), 0 ClllllliJd;l1l but un
AZ8rbaycanla bagh m$ahidalari ~)sa~mda yaz{lJgJ as,x!iJ I"l1l111
dili bela linqv istik J13tica!ar lxarmaga llnka n VCrlL
Di oar masirlorina nisbClt;Jn A/3Jrb (1 )'canla dah a ox [;Jmasda ohnaq imkanllla nwlik ola11 yazll yer adl anl~a h Cls s as l l ql ~
yana$ln l$, onlan masirlerinin. bir yox ll ll.dal~ fG r.~l il o : (lra~l ycr~~
ll1<.mba dil inD daha uyglln $Bk l1(hJ l$latml $dl. Q llboyedO\,un dl

O ~

lin da dulia ox Sam axr, Kara bnq, Tabriz, Qarqar, SoqanJuk,

~l z lyar ar (Car ), Djclaloq!u , Bozabdai , Sen ak kur pi (Suu q k rpu. K rasmy most) .- sakil lariuda, da ha daqiq variantl artuu t islon di y f m snhi da olunur.
t

0 , yazrr V{) j unt alist F.V. Bulqarina 11 1826-cl ilin dckabrmd a tarixli m a ktubdn yazrrd t: Sahkov Moskva qezctl ori nda
Sam sndi l avazina Samanda yazdig: ki mi fars ad lanm (A za rbaycan adlan nezoroo Iutulur-muall if) ta hrif et mcyi n. Y azrmm ycr
adlan na olau ciddi mnasibati naticasmda qndim Tifl isin ke on
osrk i trk mcnzoresi gz nndc ca nla ndinhr. Yazri T ifl is sahurini va onun inzi buti rayonlan ru bcla te sv ir edir: Tiflis sohen
ayn h~ ss') h.) rd ') ll tU$kil olun mus d ur: sim a! tara f K aratu ban ,
us il $<1 J1\)11 11 z, ya'ni duzbucaqh sokitda K r ayma qa der uzanan lussa Kala (qa la) vo Av labar his sas i.
Qr iboyc dov bu lkolora bi r ziyah ha ssasltg r ila yan as tr,
y ksa k alim niyyef V,) vicda m ilc bu yer lari n, tarixi na, onun
h~.) lll i:l i n ahalismin kcrmsino, madaniyyat inu va dilins maraq
gos u. nr. Yaqin ki, Moskva un ive rs iteti tarixi nda Qribo yc do v
q,ld<Jr gClll$ VD hi::1r(<1 r,J11i savad ala bilan t010ba o l maIm~d lr; 0
l'ynl zi.l manda bmad a fakiilt<1da t;Jhsil all rdp>.l
Mii:;;ahi d ctd iyilllit: bktlarda n aydm olm ki, Qriboyedovun da Qafq 3zda olan bir ox lllasirlari kimi, yer adl an nm osi l
trK var ian tJll3 stiin lk vcnllosi rus e dab i di lindoki man $aca
ttirk s~l an l~ yan a.$l bu ycrdaJJ q idib yrendiyi tiirk szla rini i~
j,)1111 0S1 ycriJ ~ara lta ba lDdliyi, maragl, bu ycrlo rla, aha lisi ila
onUIl liiniin birba~a ;)Iaq;::)si lla ticasinda mmkn olmu$du.
Rus -tiil-k olaqaj,:Jrinda tamam ilv ycni olan bu dvr ba$h ca
obraq rus dilinin leksikasl1l<l {rk dilla rinin ycni, gcJii ta'sirila
xaraktcriw olunur.

Tiirk dillarindvJ1 almma larm dcmo k olar ki, byk uksa riyya ( IllS dilindo lll hk~Jl11 mvqe q azanm l~, zaruri Icks ik vahidkmli r. Belo szivrin yalJJJz miioyyan bil' qismi ckzotik sz va
ifacl al, )rcl,)ll-rcaliya larda n ibarotuir.
I ' li l(;I1. 7/ I," 11II

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Badii adobiyyatda ckzotizmla rdun isti fudu masol ns: bir srra szlarin ifada etd iklari semanuk x sus iyvoenn ckzotik xa-

rakterda olmas t ila baghdtr. Ekzotizrulurin islodilmasi ycrli vu

milli xiisusiyya tlari canl andum aq mcq sed i dastyrr. Odur ki .
ekzotik leksika rnxtulif xalqlara aid ctnik anlayrslen yaxmla sdtran linqvistik va sita kim I maraq dognnlr. 1 IJu rno'nada L'Tol stoy , A.Kuprin , A.exo v, F.D ost oc vski , V.SolJoqub V,1 b. Y;IZlllann dil indo islenen ekzotizm saciyyali nmu nu lorin zul1ginl1yi
vo ifada xsusiyyotleri maraq do gurur: - J< IHl3h , aunancpnrt! 5IKlllH OJJ, - OTBe1 11Jl Hnaccpa. n c II IfOKlIl'JJCJl C llHt-1 nJ lHOM (Kvn pliH. 5IMa) . B elo leksik valudler dilda hil avas ita surut n aid
situativ seraiti ifado ctmo k 1L ya'ni biluvasitu surotin pxi xoloj i vaziyyati ni , daxili alemini caulaudmua q maqsud ilu isla dilir.
A~agldak! m isa l dediklarimiza yax~1 sbut ola bi lor: H l' Eaiiry3Hll, .51 ac e 1c651 KaK 'cICJlIJCK npouiy. Hl' npocm, Ka K 'J CJIOBCK, 3
HC KaK na-ram.nnx . Ha-ram-muc iioic. n OI1l1 !11 ~l C ll1 b . Y Tc6 .11 O-rCll TO eert. a MO)l(C T 6b1 Th, n una CCTb ? - Il p llG a BHJJ Oll Bcnm.11J1l13
'ITO no TaTLlpCKI1 t-1 3T h -Jmaii . H B,IIJ1 yT OH ma poruvn,
YCJlbl111aB C33 nl1 CC6H xpnn nt.tii u -rouxnii ron oc : l-luaii cctr,

cnyqaiino,

I
..1

(A.J<l'npllll. jloman ue}.

.
A.Kuprin hck ayada psixoloji situasiya yaradtr. lstiut aqr
aparan zabi t z istemosc du q Gl ~lb~~ al tr. 0 bu zaman a qudnr
tatar osgerin yadma allaxi , am1 S111l da salnnsdt : hutta nitqiu da
rus cmlal ari nin da qrammatil\ qu rL1lu ~\lnu trk dilin,) lly gl11l1 a~
dmnaga ah~lllI~d l. Rus diliJ]c\;) zor1a dal11 ~ all <:'J sgor bu l'ad mhitda ana sznda OI1 UIl mn vcrstl<J rli.'l ul.aqd qo:yub g,)ldiY l
ist, mch riban varlIt'\Il
aelml qit111"k11 ({li.)si im ohm). lk.!,)likl;"l.
b
ogurluq ctmakda giinahlandln l an bldb,lXt l a la r btln s ualla rll1
cavabmda sussa da zabitin a lla kvlm,lsilli t;lsadlihlll l"pIl) I~
latmlsi onu hipnoz \'<l ziyyatin <J s311r, dil ini a lP) VO l1;Jhayi.'J\
onu mahv edi r. 0 balk a cl;) ctm<.J diy i og ur lugu V,) onlln c "m .lSl1J1
bu ~iri n VQ qurib k<:llm,lIli n t<./sin altll1da iy in b rina gt nir V ,-) ()
aglr cazal'a llli:lhkUIll cd ihr. Bu t<J'sir 0 qac1m glichi v': a gll' nIH '

ki. haa sorgu aparun zabit de ezab akir, nahaq ycra osgen n
qc lbin e gjrdiyin u tun ssufl an ir: 11 lIJJ.51 KaK01'O ~IOp T a TOJlhKO }/
II p O 'rro mraii BCnOMIIH JI.

Ax

T bl GC;::{H.ua,

GC1U-I51ra, 51

/KC

r ee

nan en un (Kuprin . H nm in osor).

Ta dqiq atr hamin obraz.m ps ixoloji veziyyeti baro de ya ztr:
llojuro py'uuc K O:IJJOBCKJl ii - '1eeTHhIH, eOBecTnHBbIH, llIlTCJJJJHrem ncc ro JJ1flllh nepnuf ron I1axo)J51WJ-IHC}l lla nocuuo cn YJK6e
Cll1C He y cucnn m ii CIlYKll y rc}I C ee r p y 6 hl MIL Secuenoncmu.nnr
eBO II M CO" YBCT BHCM

6C}lhl

la KOJ!a MlI . fYJWIlJH blj-j ,MOJ10,llO

co6o ii

oqJHUCp,

ll YBCTBl'IOlllJ1ii l\leIKJl~

11 COJIJl a TOM J)ail ry:mllhIM, C KaToporo 0 11 eIl I1MaCT

)l03

11 ;1I1I1C, CTpaJJlJIYID Jl,YXOBHYIO CB513b.1

Lk zoti-mlordon ist ifudo bo'zon yalntz yerli kolo rit yarat

moq sedit o yox, dilin digor vas italeri kimi ba sq a isriqame t.
lorde - S111bi meqs odlorla istifado olunur. Hela altn mala r hal
yc rdo . har zaman ad bildinna funks iyas t ilo yauas r. xsus i slub,
mag

funksiya J a da~IYlr. 2 A~agldak l saraitda ckzotizmlarin tamarr

sl ubi mcqatnla o'aqodar - fikri qe tlesdirro ek, m h kamlandirmok maqsndila aydrn olur: BOT}] nac, Jl a il)x a KJ1, rouonpanua
lI ap Jlll lBhIC. . . Fc-n.. KhJWJ, no )lOMl' ( A . KynP llll. E e )J,Hb Ji
n punu). Kuprinin Sonuncu cenguvarlar e so rm da genera I i~
yolda sr Tulubccvlo J Dnya m h ari basinda rus ordusunun haz trkt ugursuz luqlarmdan va on un sabab la rindan da m sarkan bu
(]1zgm , asabi nitqinda Tulubacvi n a st en xristianltgi qe bul ctmis

tatar !l;)slindal1 olmasl11<J rvgnmn hatta Tulubeevin znd al1

fbrql.i o laraq nilqindv tatar kalmvl;)ri i~ ladir: PYKIi Y Hac M 03 0~
JIlI CT IJIC J1 YW 1llaT h Mbl~MaeTcpa . T aK BC)lb HCT /Kc ! 51Ma H, TaK

TaTaphl. Yaxud, To r.n:a Kll513h C3bIB aJl K KOM Y- HHGYllb

TOllapUlIIcii secx 6 JJH3Kll X .n:PY3e11 H 3CMJHrKOB H YCTpaHBaJJ
T a Ko e J1J,llllllOe Ilpa3J.UlccTBO, ~ no Ka I3Ka3CKli r o il , - Ha KOTOrO /lo p il"r

ll"J

pOi\! Il c r p c 6 JUJJIIICh / lO TJJ3 )la p hl Il JIO)J0 P 0 )lIlOl rp l'3I1J1 (5hm).

I .-I'II(/I/(ICh"6 Ir !/' , I,I /,K I'IIP' III /! (f{J' /fllII /KO-6I1o,'/ lm!m w cKli lI O'l CIJK). AI.. X.I! ,),

{9O, c. /5
. ,l l. l f,<j' W III /U1
f !JVO, (",182

Jle~' ('III,iI c()upe.\ f(' i1IIO,'iI P) 'CClW?O

JUhn:a,

.rJC"C11 "o.~O,'IIJi.

Al . (,Rili".

FDos toe vskin in liil;:-lr cvin dan qcy dla r asa riudo dus taqlann lsamn mvlu du bayranu e ra tosindo bark sa rxosluqlanrun sah idi olan tusalman dustaq bu eyba carlikl nri grb ta:;;v i~ ,)

dsr : Bcc uepxecu ycennc s

a
Ha I1h 5Illhrif I1<lPO)l. MHe nOBCTpC'IaJIC5I Hyppa : 5ll\lJH, 5ll\l an! CKa3aJl on MBC ,
nOKay.bJBa51 rOJlQBOlO C 6JJarO'leCTB hll\l n crononannc v , - yx,
51MaH ! AJIJlaX ccpmrr yn er! Puski nin Ka pitan q rzt povcst indn
me'lum o ldugu zra Puqaov usyan uun gems tosvin vcrt!ir. Hu
syanda kazaklarla berabar yerli xalqlar-basqrrdla r, tntarlur da
istirak edi rle r. dur ki, e sirle s h ba tmda qalanm korn cnd anu
trkca kalmale r islodir ki, bu da osordoki bu para lan n io'sirin i
gclendinr: Cra pu ann o rpcn MOWIaJl Jl m anen na xoetcnnan Ha Kp L1JIC4 KC 11 C JIl 0 6 0IlbITCn W /l1,

asrecrc 11 C HCKOTOpLIM Ol\lep3CHHCM CMOTp CJIH

T a C nnnou COBCpWCIIHoro 6CCCM I, ICJlJ1CM. ({ LITo xce J\IO JllIlJ W b ? npOllOJDIWJI I1BaH KY3MII'ICB - an n OeJlhJ\fCC no PY CCKIl nc pas nyu aeun . ? Ji rcm u, - cxaaan xaxrcnztatrr: Thl y M CJJ>l 33rOl30pn Wh. Burada bir vasite kimi istifad o edila n b clmcs rus dilindo isle ne n maraqh tilrkizmd ir: ... xora ace annnn, ' 11'0 a ll JlH
cm. meca He CJ\1bI CJlHT B YCTpOi- CTBC naacc npoc r ofi ucsuuc n (Eyunn l-lounoii paaronop).
Ekzotik lcksikanm 811 gcnis sah usm i realiyalar toskil cdir.
Real iya iar ela leksik vah id lardir ki, buu lard a millilik , y crli ko~
lorit V<J bir ox m ill i cohot le r, inc al iklur aks olunur. Bu szlan
sin e ni mlar ila da evezl e ndinn ok m m kn olmur (Gcb sino llllnldr sadlca yoxd ur). J Digar ckzoti k leks ikanm vahidlarinoll
farqJi olaraq, rcaJiyalann ox zama n t~'J rc m asi mmkn olll1u r.
Yo'ni bun lanu tam para1elbrini dilda tapmaq mmk n J ey il.
MiJs<31 an , rus dilinin znd<J rO CT b sz oJdugu halda ,
kunak sznn i~IDllIllasi onunJa baglId lr ki, kIlllak sz blitv
etnoqraiik tutl/ma malikdir. Eva ga bn h<ir bir msaiir, qo naq
{(qostg adlanmaq la yalla ~1 ai1a llin , yaxud lelk bir ad 31lllJl ba:;;c]'l
kandd,l do.stu, talll$l, e'tibar ctdiyi adam da qonnq adlan lr. M,J SDkm, OH p y6IJ Jl CBOHX 3a 6 aCY PlllaJlKY C KOTOpo i 6blJi :maKoM IJ

! CoriI'C."cllllbl1r j)ycCJwlt JlJ!>IK , ,\ /. . " j fJJ ..\tOCK . .\/ 1/1/(0' -(111.

84

I 'J71. (".3 5

~-===:.-

cc 6paTY (11eCKOB . OCTpOBJJT.snJe) . K unuk soz nu rnc'nasr na qade r tutumiu 015a da esas xatt kimi
hurada c't ibarh dost, qonaq. qatdas me'nas tnda isrifada edilir.
L'Tolst oyun K aza klar osui ndo kunak dost -arxa, tarus, e'tibar
o irman ndam ma'nasmda all ox rast gelmen vahidd ir. Fnpef xaHY a cprm, M OiK HO, ero e cc i. POll-.TllO,UH xopo unre ; c ro eren BCpl!hlij x yrrax fit -in; Sa-re y MCH5I nee 4e'IH5I K)'IJaKH 6bIJl H; MbI C
ClllnaJTC5I KY ll.l KM

KYIl.I KH 6 YllCM , - CJ<a33Jl nszur EpOIlTKa va s.

To6oi{

Rcaliy alan n digur z uem a xs us xsus iyyn ti ondan ibarotJ ir ki, uv vnll nr ckzot ik saoi yya das tyan rcaliyala r, soma lar da xil
oldug u di ldo bu seci vyo ni itirorak ha ruin dili zanginlesdiran
vasnoya cvrilir. Bizim fikrimi zca, rus dil inde is lenon bahk,
karqa, izyum, par~, sauda l kimi trkizmler evvslee bu dildo
rc aliya lar km i islenrn isdir. nki rus dilinde hamin mc'nanm
lam paralellori olan nba , vorona , vinoqrad, tkan , matcriya, podsvcni ki kimi s zfarda ox islckdir.
S ela sozler z 'rirc'n alan yta evval ler reali ya (ekzo tik szlor) olnn.slarsa indi rus dilinde islunan lgevi vahidla rdir. Odur
ki, R. Yunalccva nm bu kimi hal larla bagh asagrda ifada etdiyi
<<!JOJ I IU 111 1CTJl O aamrcruona unrax e JIOB H CTOpJllICCKH rtpcncrannaJJO cofioi 3K 3 0 TH3 J\lh J, 1I60 OKOH'WTCJILumlY R'( I:>t<}lCI IHlO II'\ Tl
JICKCJI' ICCK)'IO CHCTCl\IY }i 3hlKa npczuuecr nnan ncpnon, KOr,1<l
oG o311 a
Mh1C IlMH peanun euro OC03HOBaJlHCb xorna vyaore!
fikr ill\J $arik olma maq ml1lkiin deyil.
Rus dili ha dii a sari uri Jlda gcni~ i91;al1an "')'B.sI.K, 'IIHlap, qJec,
Tl 0 6 eTc if K a kimi rcaliyalar artlq rus dilim daxil olmu~ va anu
zJnginb$d inn i$la r. A~agl dakI misallara Jiqq ;at yetirak: ... K aK
ccl'l,ic BIJIKY er o, cTpoi-JJOro , ell-Iyrnoro, 'Iepno60po,Uoro, B
lIaC

lllC.1JKOlJoi Kpac llo i1 KOCOBOp OT KC Ha BhrnyeK, B [Ie p HbIX nerK HX

lllapOBapax
)[( m llh

l\lY;f\'lI l1la

JI

KpaCHblX,

J\p ceilbeBm}) .

IJJHTblX

O KOJIO

ccpe6poM,

caMoif

,lJ,n Cp H

l.J)'IHlKax
C1'0 5l1l

C 60JIllJ I JM IJ YlUJ l\fIi-qJCJT}J,M!)c 6 eJl h , - B

I /" " /. /O/lII. . {'C(;O ,

TccaKe

J/C~TlIKo-c('Mm!mll '{c('J'-oe paJ6 111/111e IiI /(JP KCK/fX

1ti 01' 0i: (; 1') '1'1'1.'0 .11 JlJI"~T. "CoriCI/IC"OR

/JIIOP/o,"().10c' WIII,

H llJ H B C-

!/{/ J GaJ lllii ZQ,W 6/ / I>IX

},f!5. / 978, c.2 1.

ss <'B> ~

CEYlUm .

KpaCHBhIH

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il

1
JIH , n a KOTOpOl\! auccn u KpCCT 11 BCll re pCK,UI stenur n. (J I.ToJl CTOI1. Ceeacr on on B aJ3 rYCTC 1355>,). (Tasuk - adon.n gccu basa qoyulan toxu nmus vo ya paradan uk ilmis papaq. araqll1
ADiL , 4, s.175). O n!dl 1-13 IUiX C epno fioponoii, B KpaCIIOH
drecxe Kp a CIIBhIH MY)f('IHHa, f i-rn BIICpC1ll1 scex (Yenc orada). A

crcnn , rO JlOBY 6PHJlH, J1 HOCHJIlI 'no erc xy? (H.JJccOuapounnm.r CTpaJlJlIl K). Bu SOIl Ull CU misalda osorin xuratlarind en clan Scvcryamm tatarlar tutufin dun tululuraq oniann iiuda yasadigma isara olunur . I3 a~ 1ll1 qnxmaq kimi tbctcyka geym ok d'3 tam ctnoqrak sociyycli rcaliyadrr.
m um iyyatl a, bu qm]) rcaliyalar (qey d ctdiynniz kentekstdal rus dilino kean trkizmlar iarisinda zlarinin ctnoqrnfik
xsu siyyetle rina g rn qiym atl andirili r. Mnsolan . rus dilinde is1;)11 \JJ1 trkizr ul ar snnsmda salvar, basmak z g rn$ xsus iyyotin i zaman kcdikce itira da bil ir. Amma qeyd ctdiyimiz taktlarda va k, tusok, fa s, tb ct cvka trk xa lq lan ara stu dn hans! sukilBbT TaM B

KOB.

.,

I/
I

da ma'lu md urs a, ey ni coh o er!o do dax i! oldugu xalqm rnuisu tinda yasarmsdrr.
Bu trkiz mlor srrastna konkro t rcaliyalar ifada c1l1luY\JJ) Vu
rus ohali sinm ha yati iln claqcsi olma ya. buuunla betij oir srra
tarixi as arl a rda va mvzu te lobi ila mcyda na rxan s zlor daxildir . Kumus, a vus , al kurn n, qa rc m ... quhiliri dun ohm b cl u
szlar tarc ma o lun mur. T rkizmlariu hu qrupu kitab dil indn n
kanara lXJ bilmir va y alruz sa vndh ox ucul an n kiik dairnsi n du
islemuesi miimkundr.! SClllantik dByi$l1F4lv r da Ill~ ahid,) edilil'. Mas ala n: basur man sy~nn mslJIlllan ollllayan lan n bar<-l ~
sind;:) d;:) i ~ h d i I 1l1 ;) s i 1wll an 1ll;)'IUllldur.
Bil' s lra rcaliyalar rus dilinin z siizl;)ri SlraSll1a kCiJll
1rk izmlar s;)ciyyusind<J hcsab olullsa!ar <la bu tiirkizml ,)rin scmanti ka slJlda iki li xslls iyyut 7iin giist'lrir. Y, l'ni bil' Sint tiir kizlllIlJ r bir s lm ~ ;) ra il d v hum ti;.) ekzolik ;;zl:"lf I\illli 1XI;'; cdirlul': P Jp ax 1. Ha no poDJlcTo ii , x Yllo i i c 110}-lT5IJly rbl~1ll GOKa l\tli

1
1
I

A _iA)~)Q(lCltlliJ JlcItClt~'o<'1)(/(I)II w'(W<lj/

06/)(/(iOIJII"1 I/IWPh"1IJ.\/()(; CIII(J{i< ,>C1UjJ) 'COJJ." 1

JI3N~'11 "Co(wmcItOJl mI<Jf!ItO .Jo.'/lJIJ! , 19 7f)

.'\2 5 .

8"

7.{

Sypxc H lI a W1 XC, C KOTOp hl X c'rpyn nact, nona, CXa Jl

JJ eHJlCOB d30iilla 11 MH P): 2. Ekzotik sz kimi: Brrepen He CTa -

JIOlll ;l][II , \l

IIY eYJWT 0 ' ICJIOBCK C HC ero ap am.ef nattax e H no Kp a UICIII l b IM

nor-rau ( ll yrCIllCCTBIl C B Ap3p)'I'lf). Yaxud XIX as rda do kiibar

qadm bas gey imi olan alma Qafqaz la bagh islanarkan ctnoqrafizm seciyyosi kasb cdir: C TapHK KY'lYK , 06B1ITh1H 'laJIMOIO, B
'w a K 1'0 1'0 , 'rro nOCeT lIJI CB5ITl>IC MCCTa MeKKY H MC}lHHY (Qribocdov. V.K .Kxclbckcrv 27.X1.25 tarixli moktu b).
Ru s dilinde islon en trk m an soli realiyalar leksik -semantik
cuhatdon rux talif nVB b ln r:
1. Mill i yeme k-iki nvlerinin adlanm bildiran realiya-trkizmlcr: pil av, xalva, sorbet, raki, kayrnak, ikir, kumts, urek,
narq ilc (qa lyan], raxat-lukum, SIUq , arak. BCJIH KaH DIHYJl li 3
nero t ll iKHpb 11 CnCJlaJJ xnre HCCKOJlbKO nortpocon, na KOTOphIX
01'BC'l aJI .si c

no' rr cmr cx r 1l0 )J.o6acMhIM

(Llyuncnn l lyrcur ccrnn c

Ap3YPYM

era 3BaHH IO H pocry

noxcjta 1829 ro nn}; (PO;\-llllJl Klllla aa llJl XlJp Cl\1 YCJlaJJ, er o epen 6bW (Ka3aKlI) ;
ll a IIO JIOBlII IC nopcru. B ap xtan cxofi nep enne. Bb lCTpOCTllI O B
B

BO Bp CI>Ul

ropax Ha fi c pcry p C11K lI, BMCCTO oea a CLCJl .si n poKJI JJTh1l1 "110 _

apl\OIlJCKHii xnef (cf Iyrciaccrenc B Ap3PYl'm). Hy, JI Y' II11C

rhl oficna na 61,1 }WM<\ B TaKHC .arm, a TO 'ryr cute TypOK n pnncr,
Cl\IY 1IIlnaB lIa)J,06110 (F cpucn . Eunoc 11 )J,YMhm); 5I H MaT yrnKe
l1pIiK,nKY, KOJlll u c r o JlY';K1 W : xaiuraxy lIJm ennorpan y (Jl. To nc -

pcrc,

rolt . Kaaaxn}. ( Q ',~Y 111aq trk izmi usarin pcrsouajlanndan

ohm kazak ql ZI Maryanan m dilinde ban zetma vasitasi kimi da
i~lan l1l i~ di r: KaK IJC lc6 e PYl<li 6C JJble, M5ITKH e, Ka K K a ii l\I a K,
CKa3aJla o ll a (Yenvorada) . Eynilo d<:l raxat-lukum sz exovun m,)ktublan nda tal1]al1l 111 ;:,ca zi 1l1v'nadad lr: Hc GY,llbTe
!([ICJ1I,1, KaK lU IlOKBa . J)0~hTe pa XaT-JlYKY!\lOM (L. Mi zinovay a 27
dckab r 1897-ci il tarix!i muklubd a)
2. Sosia l-iqtisadi, icl ima i ~Dra i tlH ala<pdar i$lononlur :
,Jftll1di, aJat. bqke~/pqkc~ , ma qan , kallll1 , derbl $, qarcm, m i naret. aul, sab a~ (sava~ , mhariba), q akim (ha kim), fakir (fagir),
be Jach (b;)1;Jd\i), c v . lItag (o taq), kafcdji (kafcci/qGh vi) , arnanat,
pa;;<l llk, bek, d cl ib ,I ~ , b c ~llk (pul) , bayqu;; (d ilani),tulllku,

pa~a ,

87

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ka lyan i, nu kcr Imuha fiza i . n ka r). du st . kalvar Ixal va r] . pu l.

kara pu l, kabm (kabm] . A . K up rinin Dma-atas asun nda yaz iiyla g rsc n erab ogfan Dmuya o fan di dcya ruracia t cd ir:
rJ PUMIi /KC, J TOT

.nar

t lilCHfl Tl, 11 , eC JII I xo u enn., n a n Mll e n p m OT

n a e aM OC MaJlOC npCM11. n ('~ k c ~ / fl q k q:

liirkizmi allahui boxs

ctdi yi , ha di yya si va insanlarm z aralannda o lan nnlnasibo u bi ri-birina vcrd iklori hadi yya , sirinl ik anl aml an nd a is nfad a ed il-

misdir: K cxacr s:o.

MaJl"j,tIll K 1l011paRIIJlC1/

u ny - LfCJlOneK Y, KCTaT If cmapuony. - 11

(<J)Vn> n pyr on y

K)'IlUY,

nsmpocnn cce

cuocxry

TOT,

110110:\1)' X03Sl"-

nponnn neer, c uon

Ma Jlb' lIfKa R KCl' ICCTBC

cmxcma, BblpaCTIf JI e r e B caocn none. opaaoean (Kynpuu.

l lyrceuc xapnmxn ): A K HC:'I Y noen)', nonapex. nCJII KCIIl CBC])'
(<<KU3UKJI)). Bnvqus - dilener. lt: 13 u amc . KOM IIaTC, TaK :.KC
Ka K IJ BO BCCX II p )TIfX x aa a p em x ocrpora, nccrna 6blBaJII I 1111 IUII C,

aryum . npOlirpaBllJll CC"I

11

npc ruuunuccs

IIJl1I

TaK

npo-

CTO OT npnpom.r HIIWIl C (jlocr o eucxn tt. 3a l111CKII In Mcp'raoro

110 M a).

Ba yqus s z L'Iolst oyun dilindo (cKazak lnr romar u nda]

te'yincdici va zifada islanmi sdir:

I3 11Wl>, 'l epT K<l Koi - CKaJaJl 011 ,

Iipocaa HaJCM ' IC' l CII CKll ii 1 11 IJ)'1I, - xo uu. 6 hl aur tvn
xop oun u l Gl>IJI , a Ta 6aiir yw. Abnz (Abb asi -p ul vahi d i}. Hu ckzo tik saciyyal i trkizm c h alahk ya hu z Q a fqnz - A zorb nycan la
bag h cs arlerda rast galin ir. llepn r.ui BCTPC'{]Jblii 1I1>13BaJlOI rtpo BCCTII MeUR K r OpO}]HHlJCMY 11 n orp c ou an aa TO C i\lC115I af iaa
X M)'p 5lCl> 11

'I

no er arcpuuc xoii

JlI t1l l\l l n pollcx ofK Y In T aTa p eK I1X KB1I3C ?

kahm sano mrnci ot cdir.

Bek - rcaliya sac iyynsi nda bir OX hallard a rast galinan bu

sz Pus k in O rzuru m a ltmd ak t d yslarde rast gal di yi Q arabagh
o y sc lerle bag lt isle tm isd ir: v xm p arc un rii 6('1\: 6bTn LfCPC38h1 -ran uo cuo so en 11 IICIl OIIBU )KIIO r Jl"l11CJl H a

adamlarm tiirk sozlu rila tom as v a nsiyyatini gclandirir. Odur

ki , bel" osgorlo rin dilindo moy yan h alla rd a savasrsabas sz na
do ras t golinir kj, bu z slubi si tuasiya y arat maga se ruit yaradtr: Cra pu COJ!flaT, lUJlIKa. Bcn cnsunu ... fianaryprrr Bn OJlrOJIOca : Hy PC6J1TIIl!-,KII, ]3 BTP3 cafia tn xrane apau (Kyn pnu.
ll oxon ).
J. M ai ~ vl osyalan va gcyim la bag h rcaliyalar: mutaka
(rn tukka ), Iulu k, kalibi. li ak, az arpcsa [bada}. tum an (q adt n
gcy imi}. uxa. araqiu . kisa, qas il (hcs ir). n a e ren o u BIl CI.'JlI I orPOIl Il I1.IC

pac upamcn n uc

' IClH C)I\!l 11

rcomadnrsccxuc KallT!>l . a

IH1}J 11 11 1111 1 CTO}JJl ll nnn IIH J CIIK I!X Ty p CIl KIi X n naa un C lII eJI KODbl :'1 1][ "' ~'Ta K a :'oll1 ( Fapu m u (BCTpClJa) ). Bcln s z qruplartna nisbaton d alia gc uis da irud u islunun va anlasma dairo si b yyun trki zml ur d;,} vurdir. M osalen. qay rq tr k s z rcaliy a suciyyu-

ClOPO Il Y

Ka ( K YJlpIlH . 5b13) . K all111 /ba ~ lIq . Su tr kizm m ara q l l i ~ kll1m a

n O K,I1 <lJl Cll li J - J a n Ollopo r a (( Ka3<1Klm) .

g st<::l rmak la ta b iil iyi ta' min cd ir : )), a

ll a n,

TO

BCJlI . Ta Ko i Il q lT, ' IT O 11 OT-

60r aToro XO'ICT. J{'aJlI.lJ\1

uononoro c s oero JlPY

ra. Ardtc tl rus-trk m h ariba lo rind a trk m h iti, bashcasi siravi

(I1YWKIIH. Il yr ciuecrnne n Ap ]PYM). B (' ~h k - 1J c ~l il\ (pul): 51

OTllan CMY JlBaltJlaTh 6 CWJl hl KOB 11 OCT3J1 C.l1 Ge] )]cn cr (I IYUIKJlH.
K ll pIlJKa Jl Il ). Bayram - O lJlI IlHOrJ--la JICTm. l npl11l 0 CIIJJII cif B
n OJlapOK KpcnKIIl nMlI l!,!i j KYII1LIC B 6 0 Jll IIII X 'I CTBCp T HLIX 6~YTa
Jl "l X , a H a 6apaM npn fJJamamr K ce6 c CCT f, M On O'1II 0ro )f(Cpe6ellx s us iyya tlor in;,:,t malikdir. Bela ki, L.To lstoy ul1 ( Ka zak lam
aSurinda ycrli kolorili gc!and irlllvkl;) ycrli ;:Idv! vv ;)n'nlari

Kan-

llaBacMhll an nenyun cy (Kyn puu. (d O HKCp a ).

G <'J IlC Ale ksand rov sevdiyi q rza - Zinok aya bi ldi rme k istayi r ki .
o yalmz galeca k ail a sini ya x~ 1 doland trm aq imkam oldugu taq dird a cvlo ua bilar. l. dediyi kim! fikri ni atdrra bilmak n
l>I!Il JTO Il blK YTI ,

sinc!a iSl il;ldil olun sa ci a nIs Y<lzlIl<l lllllll Qafqa z, c Jaca da liirk
l1l vzulu \l!',D I"I.win<i ox i ~JQcl i l ir;
Mll llJa 11 OJ l ra 1I0cxa JIlI c 0.llll If M r pc6 uoM B Kn ll KC na TY

KmoK
Tabi i ki, hu fon ctik f~Hq
1,11" yrli $<lraiHl Vi) d il!) y az l ll1l11 b<JJ<:ldli yi, t<::lb ii allldliyind ya(CJ\tIIjlIlOBa -

P OCCCT. 13o cn oMHII alflf"l . fl llc bM a) ;

ra ll l1ll~ d l .

4. IIcyv<ln at va bil\.; i 1.)1 alam i ila bagll rcaIiyalar: II IlJ<l K,

6 0J lb Wo f COJtP;:lT h X O-

KaT<l p (qatI!"), 6aJlp II}Ja.: ;1I1. Kh l 3bl Jl r YJlJl"lp, yp lOK, WC IITaJlh l .

'ICTh. A ~a g ld a k l nmun ada i S ~1 b a~qu mnq.ulld a l X I~ c l ll1i~d i r: 51

l3Cf<op e YCJl l.l ll la JI " ] R)'K KOJI{1KOJl h ' IJf KOB 11 n en bl pllJl Karap oB

eUlc

~---------------------,
( erynou) np JIIUn aHHb JX 0111111 1\ apyroxiy 11 u aur..IO' ll..'lI ll hIX 11 0-

c " lIij

331131CI\ II , "O T~" YJ]C}l 110

TOJJJ,,, O

nope re (llyrcurcci nuc

ncpnyrca B n er o JlIW lh ncc aroro

COM llOM3 UIIl hIX

~ II BJ p }l,

nap cuu . concn nii.

A p.spyxtl .

O W1

. . .c Gom ..IUIIMIi 'taua

CYXIIX 6JIOK. M,UlO POCC llil -

cxor o ca na. '-Iyp I IXCJIII , 6 <LTIplll1iKJ II OB 11 II p Ol ld l CIIC11l1 (dO IlI\C

pa ... .C OYCOB GbIJJD lOJl h KO . ma: C eencum.nu t II CpCII CJI K a ~ll1
Ha Ka n YCTC 1I C dmpump c eanuu u n )'T KJMIl 1/0Jl a xo -ro "pa cuoii

CJH lJh lQ C 1i310 :\IQ M, lICpIlOOIlIBO M, IIJCIIlJJll' i 11 )'11'01\0\1

( C.AKCJKOB. CCMeif HaH x p OHIIKa).

Turki zmlarin bir qrupu rus bodii J iInJ,) az isl e mlir. Hclo

SZIi:Hin oxu milli rcaliya adlan kinu qalrnaq dad rr va daxil

o ld ugu man be ln rin h ududlanndan kun ara rxm.nmsd rr. hununla

bele . rus leksikasmda trk qatmm mumi tutumun u z i.mginh, ~

dirmak baxuumd an maraqh Vu fayda hdtr. ' Bu qlll p ~l uid turkizm rcaliya lanm fon ct ik va se njan tik turqluri nu g ~'a q ruplasd mnaq mmknd r:

a ). Rus dilind e islcnan trk izmtcr!n hir qism i mcnbo d ildok i ~ ' l k lln i) ya x1l1 isled m c k!e . ru s dilinch. m vcud tiirki zmlurI" para lel ~, t ki l d i) istifada cdilir. Mosu l..m: quytan /kaytan. arapa/arba, baklajan /b adirdjan . xarbuz/arbuz. salvur/surovar: Bel'
O':lHO, IIpOop:>HlTaJJ IlPO XOiJ;:lI i i, llp OJlC3,I>J ~ lCil\)iY I,O JICC CTOJl]':-

" YIlW JlXC}I , IHl1ltn OK, BJlli HO, TOi l,C \ a p ~ 'J a I< YlJIITh uonc. rcpan.
(J l.TOJICTOl. (\Cl' BaCTOn OJl B anr ycrc I l\ ) ~ r. ).

Rus dilindo

uc-

nis islnnun l I'~ men sof arba. tclcqa vu lnut lnrtn bir nuv ulan
kibitka si/ l,ni oldngu halda. homin mn'namn ifad'lisl kirni
N.Lcsko\'l 11l diJindiJ arap" szn;l d,) rast gidinir: BOT Gap Jl Jl K3 I'o ii C"['U I: Jla lJeTY' IJI:\ pcccopax ) J IH lil' 1'11 , J.:apcra , apaHa J J ~1I 1 ~1.' J
( (I J ..y)I ~m ) .
Rus dililldaki lis t gcyimlilrindnn bil"J l1 ill adl u Ia!", "arov ar
tiirkizminin man bu di lduki ~;)kl i l1d \l $aivar variallll da i ~ l iJdi J i r.
Bu halll in varianllan n i ~ l on d i y i rus canl! dilinin l' l\ iri V; l y a:; I ~' I
11111 lrk miihilina yax lllhfp l1lJl so lbi.l biyl .) il l lllll~dur : ... l\ l~l h:OU-

I /Oml.ll'<'fO(/ / ' _,1

~ 1Iop"IIJ.1Ii>l

(i

..1(;/1/ 0/'('41. 01, H . , Af, / 98 -1. C 9

PYC O;O II

>lJI ~I'('

(11" .1111/1"-/ " 1< 11. "" " :" lIllll "d, ... ,',~I.

e 1 C10 I11"YKa, Ge3 ra.IICT)'Ka 11 C3 cuncra B Olll ll i X

unrpoxnx uram. uapax C Kp aC Il LI Mll naanaca eru . ( Fluc ea CKHii . l i o ap ntuuc) . A ksakovun Baqrov -na va n in usaqhq illor i usnnndo: 0 11 6 1>111 Ol tCT B maxuu 11 B unr po-raiimue t1J11I CCOD1,IC lIJaJlBa p LI ; Kuprinda : 011 JlI06wl. .. n es Iiaxtpn u. pae a nGhJlJ

ucrru

IJII I.X 1l~IJlOC " 11

orucxpacnu

UB CT 11 HOC HBW II X

uransa-

p ..1 (CYJla~ ll ll l l) .

v] Rus dil indo Z scm anu k va riant lar ila is lo non ms tuqi l
leksik vah idlnr. Hiz h u qrupa ayn -ayn y aZl m m bndii a so rlorin

dil inu gcrirdi yi vn I11D hduJ dairad o isloncn rrkizmlari aid cdirik.
B ahtl ~ , Hcc II My m cCT Bo cm COCTO}lnJ l 11 3 fiafiy m, KQ)fGUl oii
CVMhJ 11 J I O \ ~ l aT h C B KOTOp l,IC CMY IIC'-I CM 6h1JlO II c p e ~l CIIlIT (K YJl

P~IJr. Cy.'lh6an). Hu hckayedu yazruu n hem in szn anlasila

luhumoyocuyindnn cluiyat cdara k hu s zn izahun vc rm aya
;:lh~ma~1

da Ibab us-arabskoc 510vo. tuff bcz zadnika) va heb hckayot i adlandml masr da bu leksik vahidin rcaliya
hcsab cdilmosiuo nsa's verir. K i ~l1l i ~ - bir rcaliya kimi YCJ11\l kynniu

~ ' l nl

'I I'1Z

mo'n as mda yox. tuhq iramiz s z k im i is tifada olunmas r ila

1111 11. -n.r. a p l'.l511 II":l , n p OKJHITLlJi , KIIW MIIW ( Kynp u u .

q a r~ l l a ~ 1l'1 q :

B lIn lI.MaX).

".1

i'v1'I I1 I1,) di llorde aruq arxaiklesmis szn rus dilindu trki7111 - ckzotizmlnr sociyy osinda saxlautldrgi Iakrlan da diqqat i
cnlb cdir. Ulun . v ski me'na sr kuyaz oglu . Lakin bu s z oglan
sn kfindo qudim nu-k dilindu vc Orxon abidul arind n islumui sdir.
Rus ya zJl I abidoloriudo ulan sz iJk data XV Dsrd;) Mamay
d () y ii ~ i i 11<lqqmd;1 ufsammJJ in (CKa33 I1JIe 0 MaMaeBCK01l1 1106011 me ) Sal11am<l rl'da ks iyaslnda: C JIW IJaB )KC TO 6 c36mt< IIhJii nap l,
M <l 1l1 aii IJ iPI;!

U h lTJl

Il , U l l t~ 1 Jl b}l BOJl Ol\I ,

Xpl l c-J I t ,1I1CT 1l0 , 11

!la' la

VJJ aIIlJ1l1$.)kJ iJH!,l

i~ l;:ll1 m i~ l i r . 1

lJellp CCT<lllHO

p a T Y51

lla

J)J"1I0 1101 11 KO C00 1-lM YIl <lT OM 11 K U5110/l.1 lt

li l1ll dan ~nnril ul all ~zii ba~q <l sa lnailluliJrin d\l dilinda
l it ul " uni l~ lil ll lll i~. ho)1I il ~.~xs i ll nlma da qO~ll l araq istifnd,) o 1l1l1 -

- - - - ----I [Jol 1: 11.1 . ' / >(1...." "

" " >1 1

(r. 199. . \;oJ

'1;" 1' '''<-''''11' .1<'I.,"C/I ' W C"'-III.' e.fe.I/f'IIlJII" f; /,.n:o:/I.\ ' /(}l ,",' C17UU It C"G1<1'

, 35

91

~-===-

mu sdu r. Zama n kcdi kca ula u szn un I1lH' n a SI J a d;l YI ~ IllI ::;
di r. I Pyotr is laha tlan ndan baslaya raq nizam i o rd u ya radr larkun
va daim soma ulan SZ pikl a silahlannn s XSUSI y ngli l ka valct-i ya ala y r na farini- kava lcristin i bild umak cn is tifado
edi hn a ya basladr .! Lakin ul an (ogl<l1I) Z arxaik mu'uasmd a
(xau oglu, varis) islandi yi mctnl crdo ckzot ik sacryya kimi qub ul
'
otumuuhdrr: Xan L1.)Ka lifa p Tar.l If naptoc-r, 11 y nero mu . H ]"'1>11 1], -

so rusd uqda ccc ni Hl;) vennok istama ynn mrc um u r umunu :-'U L.lij d cy ir: Bee 0 .11110 xypna -u ypna.
Kuprm ise bu SZi-l tal sof bi r ma'na verdi yindan ox islat- :
misdir : Ty r OCTa IK"TCn nocne Me UR pam a s xypzra-uypna .. .one a.1 11.11 111\0 . uonyurxn 11 In I/JlaTbC KOC- lITO (Ha rrox o e}. A .SI. crap u,
}l acro 311 <1 10 , 11" acerxa c cofi o f Gepy BClIKIl II xypzra-uypna {IlyrcBl.1C KapTl IIi KIl ) va s.

nccxax. ronopat. ee-n, enen WIIX hl,

Rus d indak i trk mensof sz la ri n islan ma tar ixinin va bu ;

q<:'lb i~dan c lan lek sik vnlud lori n hamin dild o q azandtg t m vqey in
tudq iqi g snm r ki , turk -ru s e taqelcn rus mi lla tin in form alasm ast
tar ixindo rn h m rol oy nanus d rr. Bu olaqo larin baslan grc rnm va
mk isa fuun usus faktorlarmdnn va ta nzim la yici ami lla rdan biri
dil ulaq nl un dir.

It

IIJlIX1<l}1II. 11

MaM hl, 11 a31111 , " ncp uuu r. 11 ynu m .r, 11 0 11 II X

lI D,

II i:l K3 3b JBa CT,

Du n

TOM )' p an u

M 'Vlo - ~a j IC .

nccx .

11

KaK C:\I)' u n -

1I0BIl llBanOI

tJ IcCKO B.

O aaponau nuf CTpaIl HIIK) .

C a mla r (eandar) szna de holalik mqavisu vasit osi kim i rast ga lruisik: H C J -rml cnOHO I, l XOTCJI<l BCT<'IT l> uu 1l0 11\. na
rpax-n npOCll )'JIOCh. T nK 1ll'J1X0i\1 , KaK il\ ,HIJWP, na oJIIlo i r eeestxe 11 CIlIf\Y (JIcCKOlL Bou r cm. nuna). Rus d ili auuouom miya s mda
famil iya kim i Llandaro v] is tifada oluuur.

Bcstuj cv-M arli nskiu in is la td iyi trki zm rcali yalar ayax

t aya q) - b yk kubok . bukal. baon,2 uva l-ocaq . su ba aruq bir
s rra trk dill arini n arxai k qarl annda ycrlesir.
Xu'da , nh nrniyy at si z bil' scy . bos ~ c y, bo s, yu ng l bir Hl U so lo me 'n as md n x urd a-m urd a trk izm i L'I'ols to y un K azaklap ) va K uprinin OX esarl ori nda iste nmisdir. K uprimn Anafcm..t hck aya si bninl klo L'Tolstoya h..sr cdilm is vu hu by uk
yazicrya ma ltabbet h issilu yazrlnusdrr. L'Tolstoyun Knzak lar
hekayusind'l Hxmla-Illurda )) o rji na l ifadv b mi i~ l;, ll1l11 i ~(!I r. ariz m Qafq"zl i ~ ga lJ ed8rk ,)Jl ycrl! xalqb nn ,v .mini qll"111aqdan ('l!r h;mli ~ a slllaqlardan lx ..m hgl siyasatlurind')11 hurada d~l
Istifa da ctm Byi lawn b il lll i ~ d i. Bud ur, kaz ak L uka ~k an alllll tildr dliy ccni n meyi tin i qa rda ~1 pulln ahb apanr. hl tl qall ll

Trk d illarin m rus d ili ile olaqa s! erk en e srtord en baslarnis

va ind i da da vam ct ma kdo dir. X susija X IX e sr d vr Qa fqaZIIl . 0 ciimludan Azarbaycan dilinin rus yazrt lan to ra finda n
kusfi d vrd r. Rus di liudak i tiirk mansal t s zlo nn tarki bi arnq
Qafqaz-trk mhi uu dan , 0 cmloda n Aze rba ycan trkc osi ndan
kcun szlor! o zungj nlusir. Bu qubild an clan s zlar rus m umisJok 'c ksikusmda barki yih' zuu vata ndashq h ququ qazannus
di l vahidl nrind un V;) chn va mod nni yyati n muxtalif sahalari na
;11<1 kl li miq dnrd a tcrm inl ardo n ibarotdi r.

p l a nla~d lr;l n q ard a ~m

yal1l11dak i \' a~ l t i d;J 1l nlJ is..) 011 <1 aid S O Il.I~~

dugull tl glimJ n ('da n L u k <l ~ k a nig,ualllliq la OIlUll l1<l sylmliyini

'1

ol

\\

"w..

"\

I" ,wWI, c. 36
.' SC' O"I ';1lI 1/V'I!Jr.l;;'l. rijlll!....'. !'lu L I. l"y;/I'/.,u!..;1/1 /II;"/I,/larmJ1 /lil!.. ,1t1l"'lIId,'
mOI'Cudiu,i!lIl1/; g .\ l ;.>r i r (I. 105)
I

92

93

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-=====-

11 H )Si L
.
RUS Di Lii'\D 8 iSL8i\ 8 i\ T I! K ~1Q i\ S8Li S c'.; IIUi\
LEKsiK-Sn IAi\TiK XS USiYY GT U )1!1
mumtilrk modan iyyatiu in bariz gstuncilari lmaqla ya
nast trk ctnik tafakkr ib :-; IX baglJ ulan s(\/ 1,11" I\l S (l1 l1nd.) adt caahuma szter ta 'siri bagl~ lanllr : bun lar 11;)[11 du hu dildu nb-k
mi ll i lcksikasuun incalik lerinm . xslIsiyy,-llhll"l lll!l d a ~l Yl c l S I \ ij

cvni zamnnda milli madoni irsirnizin gs\,lrlcisi OI II1;\(\la tV

~tiin l klari n i de nmayis ctdirirln r.
.
Rus dil inde csrlerco isluua n

\'<:1

hu dild o m h k.un movq c

tutmus trk ll1" n~"li szlar znn gc1 ii leksik IJ)'I il.r. r, lllgJ

\ 'iJ

ifada lili yi ile diqqat i cc lb cdir . Bu s xla r rus d ilnin l. si/ l.~ ) n
kim i ox zo ntr i. ham da sado ViJ robi i leks ik vahldl'lr~I 1r . Hu ~lll
lorin Icksik-scmantik tahtih . fik riuu zcu. onlunu 111, 1 11;1 / ; 1 1l~ 1l 1
liklarini . sz n inca va zengin a ln rhq larnu ortaya rxarmaq da

vasi ta 0 11.1 bilar. Bclo tahhl vas u usile sozn daxih mazuum u.
mahiyyoti athr , ya x lll mn'nah szlorin 1;I\',-+ ma'na nl1l gh 1rl .
mazmuu qolu nn lugu va rno'na nlaqos i mcvdana txu'! .
UZUI1 va mrokkab inki saf yolu kcau

.,

.1

$l

JHlm l~,l tI;1

duyi smuda. ?'lI1 gI111 3~ IlK)dad ir. Rus diliudaki trk m;: 1I1 ~,) 1I s zlorin bil dild;) gcni$ llla nz,)ra si ~ih lar ir k1. hu siil l , l r~1l hu dl1 d' l
b lv, tlolfrU1L dJe\) d'=! 1llilc<l zi ma' nalar kilsb ('ln liJSI tI; 1 onlar11l
IKlll1 n dikla dol gun tarixi inki"afllllll naticus idir.
.
8srlarl.) rus dilintli;) i~h llll1i~ trk nFJll$vli s7.lm hu tJilm
z szlri kimi eyni f\)al hqda i:;;\;md iYlIld'll l o nllll 11l \l7 1.n ~11l ~l1lda
<la tarixi i nk i ~ a f proscs i gcdi$illl\') cit..l di va ll1araqll d' lYI "lkllk kll
11103 1<'l gBlmi$dir.
. ..
Uu dildB yeni sz\a r. ifat!al;:)r ya ral1l!l~ 1 kmll sO/I' lrJ n scmanlik qUJ1l lu$unda da ycn i la~mi.Hll iiayy ll di:ly,,,m,'. 1, 'I1 ~lIlli'~
JU;;) ba~ vcrir: trk lTI<:ln$<:l li szl;:)r d<l eyni d;)ri)c;:~d;'J hu p ItlSC~~\<l
$tirak ediriaL t\'iaraqh vu f,ll>h li hal olim ki. trk m'I1~ "i l h soz-

--=====-- ~ ~

'J4

1.. 1111 scnuuurk as r Il,l q'ldilr z;Hlg llll; l~ i rs " ouuu ifudolilik imkanlan da. qrummauk ;~ l a l1l,)l l il rj do artrr va bunun nat icasi nda bes-

<J a s(lzl:.-trlu

;)1;lq":-'1

gcnrslun u. Bu <Ia onun leksik-sementik eta -

qaluriuin davamhh t. szn semann kasuu n mrokkeblivi ilo

rzah oluna bi lar.
~
~

Rus milli din i zi:+/lgin!<::l $dirma k isinda trk szlorinin terminlnsmuxi proxcxi du moyy nn rol oynanusdrr. mumi leksik
vahidle rin dig n r sah ulo ro kci d i ile xarak tcri zu oltman bu p ro ses
gz<J,lrpacaq qodor uhnrniyyuthdi r. Odur ki, hu proscsin nericeIormalusmrs 111 aYYi;)/l qodor dil vahidine rast gal mok olar.
Sbha yoxdur ki. bcle mnasibotlar vo maqamlar dilin esas lgiJl torkibino esaslamr va ayn- ayn hallarda har halls I bir sahaIllll istifada ere..II YI tcnniuin o sns lgol l;:lrk ibinJ an. yaxud da digiIJ sa lt.} lck sikasmdan alnunas uu tam dnqiq liyi ile izlama k d e
SI I1<.1 ' 1

\':ltlllliIJ' H"i;, q a~ da~Jr.

.Bdlli oldug u kimi nuun islak s zlorin onoma stik va h id!o r;1 kcma sin du mo yyon qan unauy g unluq lar z n g stori r. BeI" "i. bil alaqn znda rmunislak szte ortoma stik vahidlur araslllda kl scmantik uygunlugu ak s ctdinr. Rus di lind ok i t rk I11'JJl.
"'Jli on omast ik vahi dlurin ya ramu a va inki saf istiqama tla ri arasdinlark... mbil dildo trk Ill ,m~a l i o nomastik vahidlo riu is lo nmos i
11,1 ya ll a~ 1 d iln l7linuuki trk 1ll ,:lI1~ul i ii l11 ll1ni~ h lk szla rdo n
ya ran<J n vah ldi,lrin di) oldugl1 a ~ k a r OIUllll r.
T rk Jl);Hl~,)li ~7 1i.~r gc ni~ rus miihitinin ictimai. siyasi ,
iqtis;ldi. llFl d ' l lll. clmi llyalllllll bir x salmlar ini uhati:l cdir.
Ih:li l olal1 halda liJ bii ki, rus dil inda ki tiirk nl<l l1$a li szlar ieksik SL' Jl):l1l lik cah:.J ld,m miixt,llifxaraktcrli olnwq la rus dili leksikasl11111 biiln sc man tik qruplan nil v;:) tcrminologiyaslJl a daxil ola bil
Illl~dir. iJhaw dai riJsina gm rus dilindaki liirk m,)J1$~ 1i szla ri
h ; ,' / ,lll

beli! q r ll p l a~ d ll"l l1 aq olar:

I. Tahi Imd isa hl r ' a cug n jf allhl)l ~ lnn hil dimnla r :
6y pa ll. yp}! (bor'l). ypa ra ll. lI)'pra, TllcPa1f , Gacpal\/aii paK
yPY". ~I "IC , onpar, CI,lr T, }la6a n, tJaM)'P (rn lllla). .sir. Hpyral
HpOK. T)M<l1l (dlllll<ln). rmllla (gil) , 6aCaJlbll\ (bataqhq. bolota).
(ia"!''':!K (batdaq. bo iOI:1) , an4YK (pa l l.q). CCJI. ice r, apblK (arx). '
.si ii Jla.

""'.. ."'"=.

95

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-~

xyprau, raiir a,

Syrpsr . YP /lla ll. K)'JI ThlK .

KYJlThllll Ka (PYKan pCl<J 1.

J-lO pmKHblii TYllIlK), )"-'yr, )1JCI\li:l (iramu }, -uurrruu ( (,~(lY Jr l1q ),

II. Zo rur t y a.~ ~.}'1~ l a . most..uulasm a llc ba gh sz lar: .l a' ,y

-a (al atq], q ynan , IlJaTCp, 'ICP213I\:, 'reptur, u era , IOP"', CCpaJI,
.a p a n , upaeancapnrt, c-ran, Iiapam, 6::t p3K , WIJT, onvpa.

xaro pra,

I<ci1(I), OJ!<lJll1CKi.l, CYJJ T<1H,

(jlJI PM<1H, 51pbl r a/ /51pbDKKa

xtaiutan ,

c.urp-asaa ,

icu ocrc (k sk ), K1I3}i1( , ma uap , a srfiap , ap t.nc, 6aK ' I<1 (baxa ),
a n aran , BhIOK, 1'I>IOK, Iiaurran , n yx a u , anan- ra, xouucr. K Y -

axcax an, fiarpax,

cp an ruu, JIeBCII CI.t {lave nd ], n arpa aa (fm ldaqr}, cypnau cii (zumar}, xtacxap an (m cs xore. mazh aka}, TenTCp" (da a r, rees tcr] , ncdrrcpnap . 'ICK (sened. m qavil a ), n poTOKOJI, arau , xoinci i (e3.ilO Ba5J UpHCJJ jTa), xap'l, 60C 51K, xau arr,'
nara ra. il JJ<HJ )(l (m kafa t, hediyye) .
V. Gc yim a dlart V ;) gcvimlc lJagh s ztar: Gcyim nvlar i
dcdikda buraya gcuis mu'nad a s t gey im lan , bas rtklari,
ayaqq abi, pal tar-bczek cicmentlari adl an daxi l c d i l i r. dur ki,
rus edebi-bedi l di l mar eriallau zra Ioplay rb ara sdudrgnmz a iaqa da r nmuuelcri asag ida lo snkilda qrupl as d ira bila rik:
J. O st gcyi m adlan: cpxanyx, cnn u'r a, Kc 6 cIJ5JK (kop on ok) ,
IW (jrr all , xodrrn , xan ar , WapOB<1p, nrran , TCpn JlK, YlI KYHll, 'rex,\ lCll, :.m nYII, acynau, -mnan, 1)'JJy n , apM51K, 6CK CW, 6CWMCT, 6ypII YC, Cpl\IOJJKa, rcaarucnu, zouter (yclck) , capatpau , xarnfia, '-:IyHKa,

(nrzaq; xorc}, 6<1K31]01 ,

x u fia p rca , rea a a pnare. K)'TCjl J\I:.I , na'ra ra, ca .na (sal), -raii /r'aiirca (tay, yk). -Ta p a IlTa c, -raran (dsa rge l. KCHH'lIb r uaca (koe ). xo uepnu (gomi) .
Hl . M a dd i madan i tcnuinlcr; C"-IlI ;)j~J t ;)u a la r llllll a dlarr :
lUH13 I1, a pur If 11 , 'r up a , yrtor, CYIIIl)'K, apK3 11, GYPJlIOK , IialU, H, fJaJJ:IKlIph (K)'BU II III), fiapuatc, 'IC MOll a H, tcuca , KlI eCT, K Y30 n ( KOp 3111-li1), -rur-a p, 'l y6y re, rconcta, reameun. T~lXT , rcruau ,
-rar un (tava , sacayaq), '{ CHpaK, oucprn. n arcp a (uagnra] . TlO KOHa K (r OCTlIHJlI HI, rtanara ) ,

{ll5IK, KYi\II 'aIl ,

-rm, T )' JIYi\16 a c ,

C;JIlCTKa .

crmcau,

i\IYT a Ka . Jl YH -

n anrnn , manaan (sarndan}, KCII Jl bl P, I';:C II ~HIJ . cafia u , TY.!J.YK, rcapa uuam , C)'IIGyp //' ICMGyp , Ton op , Iian ua , rcan uu , cvp Ka ,

na (zurna), Ka ll' IY K. Iiacst a, fiannarc, 11 aan n aI1I1l 11 K, reaaan.

lI-Wi1) WHlllJ IK, 6 eK,

OJJSall.

ea u,

crnapc , uapsanap.

ca HOBlII1K,

r ' l pCJI, l//x np CI-I . KaJI !>"' l , ;.J(;I1/)1<1p ,

1\la K, XII a, 'WII , '1lI113K (anaq-t<1xta q<1b), ' I )'M 'I Yi\ll l'-IKi.l/' IYi\-I C'1

CYC <l I\'

(su qab l,

par) , lII aJDJaIl (~alb,I1l), n 3pll, TO i\1<\1II3 . u::rhll3 K, 0PTh :\l <l ( r-

tiik, poknvalo). t13J1llap (cilov)

'l elGlH (j li

uclu aki c).

JV. i llzihati , hiiquq i, sosia l- iqt isad i IlJyalla bag h siiziJ r:

HpnhlK , naif, ll<liHIIlK, 6a3i.lp, Ka3H<l , K,n Jla'lci , Tap lH jJ, 6anl<I1I .

nntua-

'l y r a, -rcrun s. KYI lTYIU, JUy63, CH611pKi.l, )./OJIOMaJ-l , 6i.lJIaXOH, ep rax, uiyra , l-06K a .

2. 13a$ gcyimlari , rr k lorin adl an .: 6 <1111J1hI K, JllJJ bIK ,narurn

" ,

nopa n.

605l p K3 , fiyxap x a, KOJmaK,

Kbl i hI K, (jJec, Tlo6cTc1K a, TYM<1K, TaT apKa, 5JJIO-

i\l<lK, 111 1'13K, l\-I 3JJax a i, COpOK<1 (s ank) (1)a13, Ka rr Tblp, Taepb5I, KYGaI1Ka, Cpi\I O)]Ka , W1UJM aK (ya$maq ), KJfBCp , TaKL5l .

3.

A yaq qab l nv lar i adlan: 6<1 !JJMaK, q YH ~K, n an yw , Ka6 -

JlYK , '/ YJIKII , q" p JJKIl, 'lo6(H, MblCT IJ

TbJpJJ hl K, CaHn "J/H H.

Ki.ll lall, Kap <1 B<I ll , I<annan. KaHJI.ana, Ka3Ci\laT , MOlle"!', llC /lbr <1 . 11 0 -

96

MJIlnall'l lY lniJ,

GIIW KCIJ J//rr c w Kc Ul,

KJ/o 6 YK,

JW JICIiKOp,

BH3Hph,

XaJllU3, I-lYKCP, 1-13116 ,

JI I>I K, B(lJIII , Kam:IJ IIIlIIK, MCXl\JaIlLlap , Ka6 aJJ<1,

UWJlh , ura rnca, nanax , ap aK'IJlJI Ka,

l\Ia Kapa (yumaq), Ta:\I UYP,

xa n ,

xrara pi-r u,

-rap'ratc (Od UIl misan) . -rcpn yr, 1 )'3 .1 I )'K, 'I ~TYII , Gymn. IHlIna ,
Ka :WI YK (qam t] , naratirca, a p'~aK (yah orin q<1~I) G3J Jlhir/ / Gy ]I~T (xsu si aya qq aln l1<1l1). I iypynnyx (y ye n) WJ.TI3 C, KIf.lIll ;\I,
renne p . K 0 6J a / K 0 6 }'J , xrurpac, MlI JJ]J.:'jl , PYIl)I YK , TCKCJ' ICT, TOK( ma).

>

uiax,

nnna m , 6a1l11HT , 1( IIPIIIl " , n uar, a YJI, K Il ll IJHI K , KO' I, KO'I l'BhU ,

(3101(/ Ga ila aK (barja, ay gnrnisi), ca tman {qayiq). KIIOIlTh:a.

rcnc r a; a p6a l/ap :l1l3, a.u.mara, 1I:)'lIaK " YJI}'C, ;\l a i i l :l l l ,

penh, Kom, :\lara311 11, IGIGaK, xap-

cypry-r , Ta p xaH, TOBap,

(h qu q isilari) , KyrY3Ka
(dali xann) xoasnn (xc ze ysrvo}, BOp , T3naH, afiaa, nraiis a, 5lpMapKa, .sJ " l, .ilMIllIIK, TaBpo ttuqra mc noqramrn), fiapsun , apr .r unur s ,
6aJJ<lJ<tH, TOJ/MaLI, LJ a6 aII , ara, aJITbJH, .ilM3 , nca, 5JCaK, 5JCap-:lHK,
HiJL

"fOB,; pmu ,

T aK hi p ...

JJY" JKa, nYJ! ( 0) , aMGap, afiax , Gac KaK, T<1M ra, TaM())JOIa51 , ar-ra-

97

(mvsl)

ca fTar , n OCTon , 6y-

,
4. Geyimla bagh clement. osya . gcyim lussolonnm adlan:
sa r an . Kai'IM3, reetora. Iiaxpo vta. neer. KOT!'laK. Ka p ~

(uyiu xapi. ), fiorart ap. GIIIlGa lUa , n arua, K33aK (qosun n v , na-

(ya xah q], K<l p :'IaK.

5. Para . mat criya n vlarini n adlaruu b ildi rnn s zlor:

HIlIK. ac xa.
4, He rbi geyim adlan vo gey im hissa larimn adlan m bildirun s z lnr: ynan xa ( harbi p ap aq) , }!OJla Ma H (qusa r g dak esi) ,
I<OJ.J1IaK , xonuyra , cynr tur (hrnbi papaqda ), ikcir (kavaleriya zahili salvan j. vrac (hurbi papaqda. kivcrda va gcyimda, qotaz),
ununa x, MIIClOpK'-1. GaiIaJla//6a ii.uaHa. yn.rpnu k (horbi geyim:
ayag l topuqdan dizo qedar quruyu rdu) , kivcr.
R us herb ta rixind a x s usi ycr tutan, h arbi alay ad lan _
Trk adlanndan forma lasnus herbi a lay adlan : l llupuancxu i
110JIK, 3a l 'aT~lJJ LeI< I I H IIOJ11<, A m n epouck n ii n OJIK, Kapaaxcxuil
JH IJIK, l i a JJ<lloJaBCKll ii !JOJIK, A XTLII)CKll ii nOJlK va s.
V I L j\ Ilix l,l lif bitl ei qrupl an adlnrt: (agac vo kol. baghostall m uh sulla n . ot -olaf ad lan) va bunlarla baglt s zlar: ap6 Y;,
IlJ IO M, ryr (Iutovnik), xaeu.nu. KII3I1JI, uradipan , tlillta p , an t.r'la// JI!.I' .a. J1 J<ll lT'U I'l//II Jl'IIT~lJI O K. xaparaq , KQll blJl , Ka6aK/iKa6a'-lf..:lt. }I(:: W lll//;'KaC ~ I Jl Il. a fiua. axua, 6aulT<U1, xyp n a, q lyrr Jl YK,
yptox. nu acup , KJlUJi\1I IIU, n ap au x. (uann c), opau acepcs , xypara ,
11 1'IIG lI p. Ka llYl-I . GI:\/J II . GcprJMOT, 6111111151, 'ran, 1'0 '1<111, 6aK)/ a ;.K~1II1/6ajl p' ~;.Kall//60J1P l lil;.f\<l Il , pva, apurau, GaJlMJ, Iianpan,
6 YJ/I y!} (pscm naa kr upa), (b ug da yanuasr}, 6)PYllllyr, 6yp Qar
unoreimok. qlJ1111Z1 nox ud}, cnuran, JIJI MOH, xanra n. xaparan,
"ypJIY" (yaballl q 'l ra bu ga - <-)fCixa), pene lI, ea633 (3CJICllbTi
InrOl\ l), ca6y p, eaJJCIl (s;:)ll /;:)b). CapaH<I (n HnlUI), C)'IVI3K, Tal3anra,
1~a p w , r J rr c J(. T1IKC Il L, Ij JIICT<llITll, QOBllap//'JaJ11lap, 'llIJlHra (ihk,
fld an ). III <l X (paya, ubuq), G<lMW I , K<lIlIT'IH, 6a!-.16aK, WIII U// WJfIlIKa ('1oza). MYllIMyna, c aMW IlT ($m~ad a g a c I).
Rus d ilinin hi~t;.J I lur kibinda ye r llltan tiirk mansali bitki
n.~)vli..~ri adlnn il risindu ..yne'l bir <.) mp naz<J l'~ arp: r ki, bu
soz/;)J" liirk di llur inin z linda bitki ad l bldirmi r. Trk dilla rindvil
k ~~~': 11 bela Sii:-/<'1 1" y a/n rl. rus d ili miihit inda YClli mn'na qazanaraq
blI k! adlan bJidmna yu x i dl1l3t edirliJl". M,'Isi:ll an : GyxapKa, XHH1 lHKtl. T;lTa p wIK, TaTapKa , TaT apll H Immillin apOCJJa Hcu. 61'1 -

Kym3 K,

Man, Kj'TaC, 6al!ITa / 6 aXT3 . KypT J K

aTJJaC, xauayc, l\)'i"13'1, radrra , napun, axcmnrr, caf\lL5T II, Kap;lKYJ1.

6ypca, an anaca (alaca), anraa c, 5apXJT. ncca. 65131>. rufia. naparu (darayi), KapMJ1 1111 (q u'mrzr). rapxi anaua.

6. Bezak csyalan vo bunlarla bagiJ szlor: cern-ra. CYflJ,i\la.

a cxra. aiIM3J, 11 3YMP YJl, an'n.nr , rin p.o aa. iKC ~"I )'T ..
VI. H arbi sa hoyo ai d si)z la l", Rus d ilj lcksikus mda g/.Ol-

gal imli mvqeyo rnalik trk mousnli s dnrin va buradu nozaru

arpacaq qeder sayda olan h e rbi tc rmi ulorin rn vcudl ugunu
yadda sax lad iqda trk-rus alaqol a rinin qcyri-obycktiv miinasibatlarle dayarlndi rildi yi ayd m o lur . Rus di lin do isle non hurb i
sahe ilo bagh trkiz mlari asag tdakt sokilda qrup lasdmnaq moq -

sado uyguudur:
I. Herbi is y a x idmet!a bag lJ s zlor: apa yn. I\ apaYJI Ka.
rafiep. fiapafian. opna , MIIUJCHh (nisan . hndo . naar (d yii ~ stqnah , trcvoqa). 6YII 'lyr (herbi ba yra q) - ord ud a va hurb i ork cstrdal, xypen, KOw / /Ko wa , KOJlLI Mar, cr nu (hurbi dsc rgel. GOJIB<l1l
(ha rbi mosqle rdc istifadc o lunan miiqa vva}, ypa (urf/VUl" nida sr).
cprayn (aaanrapn, pan. caa ), SIC Il p . ccnpL. nsc u, urcpcnra (S I ra.
ca rga) . xyp r nn (g za ti kurqaru vo h a rb i istchkam mo'n abmn da), Mara31111 (ce bbox una. silah anbnn, tti/ ull g hissnsi ). xnna u 't a.
TynYM 6ac (byk dy $ ta bili ) 6allllllI, lU,-rrcp,
I .
2. Silah, si lah hissn1:Jri adlan bildirllllar : KJlIlil\a JI. Kn ll I '-lap, .RTara H, Kop.ua (gorda), IlICCTallCp ( ~c~p\ll"). balllk (q dl lle
: qab ze sL da stak ). ea6n..R, Ko6)pa, KOJlllall. $IphiK (yaraq osl.}h; .
,I RP)'K (silah) , eaallaK, earaiina K!/eaii}JaK. TCWl}IK (qJl lllC lll d;}st;"I'1.1 yinda bilayn kciriJoll qayta n, tMongi n qaY I ~I ) , Gapa6an (s ib h'. dal , apKaH (qo dim d y ~ ~ r a i t l nd;)) , na JI<lJlI, aJTa Gl']1I I<l , TO IIO]1.
\,
6 Cp ll hlllJ, eCKll p a , TYMa K. 'I CKaH (o vq,m).
'1
3. Horbi vHzf";), il1 adJan : ccay.l l. y.: . <l nIlYJ J<l lle h":~ l i i (lIl"lt ucp. <'Ul Mll p a JT. e eyt l'll> . i.lT<i Mall. I\OIllCBO ii, ilCJI ll6alll (x pa6pl.rii

Iur). capnap. r uiinyx. .MlfIU YP. CCKHplJlIK, 6eplJ.blJlJHIIK, xapayn -

BOW l . p a J6 oi i ll ll K), e;:lll tl<]K (n p '- lll IITCJl h . ll a ~ l l' C T II II K) , T IO rll,UI' IC

'IS

--====---

(l;>,

"&=>

99

'%=>

-====-_

jJIO'IHlfK , 6aUIMaK, enauua / zcrrauc-uunc. KJIOGyK!i KJI0 6 Y ' lOl;:, CYJI -

TaH/ic)'JITall'IHKII, 6JJpl{J3a, 6UCCpJlltK va s.

VIII. Heyva n adla rt \TI nn iarI a bagh szla r: xap ra .
IlI<lKa Jliiy a KaJl , Iiapcyofio pcyr, xaa n , IOOp.i1)'K (quy mql. T<lGY I I ,
6YJIilH -bIiL xapaxon -srii, aprname . axraa. M CpllJI , ' JaJl -bII L ' la.lIKa.
[JaJIOQKa, 6 I11'IOK, ax u yr, J\laIU TaK . 'r aprtan. no rua, J10111~1)1 J, (al
nv ad lan), caiirax, apxap , fiyraii , fictcac , GHp l K (b r . qurd]
apan, capauua, 'rypnan (gverci n nvii}. cnaau, cyn-ratuca. cynax, uiauan /urau aex, 'IHKaJVlaC, xedmu. KyTY M , anaxry r. CCl\pIOr a , xnpac, xaaca. Kap<lIIrlI'l !KypJIal l'IYI{, }ICThI K (baltq kiiriisu nn
qrlafr, torbasi) 6<lKJIa, 6ap6YK, 'lc6m<!'la6aK (apaq. les}, r a
pau/rapanxa, uypyra n (bnh q adlan), 6 aKJI,ll-J , 6aJla6811, KYPY XTaH , xa'rap (qattr), KapaKYUI , iuuax, o'rapa, TapaK<lJl , r apaom u
(sian), ficpxyr, Kap<lK)'JI, 1'1'1I1 a , ' IYUl Ka , 6apc, oyrrraur.r (tcyuq ) .
xafiapra, raacn, narenpan. am.umc {alr, asrq-sm k}. npratu.
ryuncan, 'rafiap r au, KYJIa ll , 6a6YK, 6a6p, fiafiax, GY:HlI3 UK (b uzov), )l(HpaqJ, canxapa, KaWKaJl}13K, JlCKJlCK, CL\IYP (coGOJlJ,). capb!'! (sana-sahin nvlarindan qus ] tura. 'n-rfm -rp. '1I1 BJlJ! (sure], K)'K)'lJJK a, J\l apaJI , Ka3apa/ iKa v lpKa , (l qaz t], KOII 'JlI K (qus) ,
xoxryr, CypOK, .III bI W (n1J~, nnsovul) . lllaMOlW (mcYl11 l111).
I X. Ta bii mineral ad larr, favdah qa zmu Y;) qivmctl i da .<; q a~ ad lart: aJI!I1a3, m)'1I1pYLl, 6H\JI(n a, ;" lpa~lOp , iKCl\l'ly r , HlIll\la.
nan (lal) GHCCp , xarpan, Ma3yr.

X. Dini-mifik rosovvrla ha gil ulan sz lor:

K3}]lIffKa311, ?>fYJlJJJ , } {CPBiIlU/ /,I1Cp6 blU l ,

MC'ICTh, i<1)'(!JTll,

Sacypxrau, :,larO,\ l CTihl a-

X3111CT (din), MaYJ1a (mvla], M10plI Jl. M1'p UIII}{, l\lYC.J.l3 !!!I. mciix.
ypa3a, MIlJlapeTf fllll1l1apa . HM<1:'I , M y r aJIJII1M , lla Ma1, anJ J<l x. r5lYp
I
a}]aT, mlJlHlaMa3, llIiR , BYPlIanaK (xorldan), )KHlI, w aiT<-H l. caTaIl3 , paM33aH, nepn , r y pu }j, a3p<HIJl. }13Il}U l (turiqvt atb), rymli\1.
:1
XI. YcmJk YJ iki adlan YJ bun larl a oa giJ siizlJ r: 6 aJl hl K,
IB lOM, W3 mJlb1 K, Ke6a6 , XaJlBa, n llJlaB , 6aeTblpM<1 . HJCp6CT. nii paH, 6para , 6Y3a, KYMhIC, 'lll XlIp. T10TlOIl, Jtyp lll<lII , p ~lXaT -.lIYKY ,\I,
Kaih. 1aK, 'l)'pCK , KOYP:,la, m OJlKa. 'ly6YK, TllUpOr, TopaK, Chl'I)'K
I'
(sucuq) , iorypT, apa Ka, KC(!JIfP, JlaJl llJ a, KOJJ6nc<l , GlJlall laTa. TYK 1113'111 , C103111a, 'la m l p. GCJII6 api\laK, l<a6apT!ll<l. Kl13mlpl<a . KYP~I; l' l .

ij
"

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-====-~ ~

100

Il JUIaTbJp, CaJ11I1a, cnp xa, xannuu/ r au uun, CJIeKCHp, GCK Mce,

urcpfia (bah q su pu], I{OBpHra, 1.J CGYPCK (mpoacox C MJICOM) K aJJa'1.

'Gruduy kimi. rustaria oxus rlik os rlik kontakt yaradib

saxfayan turklar bu xalqa icti mai hnyatm mh ru sahalori na aid
olan s~lar ~crm~~l'lr. .Odur ki, leksik-semanuk dairn lar do qruplasan ~ozli.ln l1 bir-birinn nisbetini naznrdan keirdik da aydm
oldu ki. bcln szierin byk tema tik qu rupunu gnda lik zarurit,)J a~a tla . bag lJ sz!r, inzibati-hquqi , ru s tarixi dvletil ik

tcn nlll l ~)Jl, herb i sahuyn <lid szlcr, modani huyatt

V8

elaqaleri

aks ctdiran (me s: gcyim adl an} trk m e nsol i szla r rus dili nd o
stnliik tesk i! cdir. Tadqiqatdu da bu s zle rin s tnlyn nazere ahb modem tenuin lar, geyi m adlan , h a rbi sahaya aid s ziur - tcrminhu- VQ :,:.;':J' : ~ b b8.gli SVLJO r adi aItmda tematik qruplara ay tnrrq. "

.,

Madeni ter minlar

Rus xa lqnun medoniyyat i Vu axlaqi manbayin i andrb-artrn .b gucl an dirm uk, nuhayat rus dv lat qurulusu isinin r scyrnl arl111 yarudrb dogurmaq va onu qvvatlendirmak isi uda trk mede niyyo u nin to'siri aruq rakzibcdilmaz faktlarln tesdiq le nmakdo di r.

X.vI~ac vcrgi-rsum, 8halinin siyahrya almmast isi: yasalanu tat!~l q l (yasa qanun lan) , qebala. po t yolu V8 xidmati , sehe r
modou iyyeti, ICIll3 qanunlan, ma liya -mh asibat isleri, d vlat
uisaularunn yarad ilmas r Vu s. moda ni kcy fiYY'3l lDri rus/ara e ta
cdmm Orda dv lDti - trk lllvd8ni)'yo ti olm u ~dur.
I
.Antitiirk ovqatJ , anti Grda Illiflori tarixin sonraki kasiklerindv yaranacaqdl..
.. ..Tarixi Moskvad a vaxti lv oJI11U~, indi a lilq adlan ya~ayan
lll uh.lI~n Svllot adamlann ll1 ayn ca ~ahordaxiJ rayon larda ycrIu'<;ll~()SI del iJlaqvdar Yalllskaya sloboda (pot - yol xidma tluri1l1ll - y a tl1 ~.l a n n .ya~ ~ dlq l a l mahvllo) ifadasi; Ordn vu ycrli
kllya::-:!:1rl1l dnvln t 1~I ;lrJ l1 d;) liirk di li turcii nmlvrinin tolmaclann

-=====-- ~

101

,
I
I

J
,I
I

ya~adlq lan mi)hell u l~ri n adt olan T o l m aC\"~kaya sloboda ~\)/

birl esmasi. by k knyazla n n V iJ ya arlann adrr. yataq luvazimatlaruu haz irlayan va saravi n cv xidmau l ~ i l1 i icra cdun s,:ll1 ,J t~
karlarm ycrlv~d ik lvri lll<)h <)JliJllin aduu bildirun (( H ar;l~l' v ska ya
(far ras sznda ndir) sloboda. ad t. Taqank a (qab~qa c~lq dilzuld un
san iJtkariar m yasad iql an Illvh ,)lIa la L soma mcydan , dalia som a
k a adi) yer ad lau vu b. k. yuzlerlo SZ va ifad.ilur hUgllk
Mosk vaum ~;:)hvrda xi li roponiunk strukrurun u rusk il cdir va tiirk
~ah;)rsahna rnkla rini Vi) tocrubo si ni ya~~\lhb dasryir VOl iun umiyya ll<'l , rus Ill;:)thm i)'ya linill gsti.) ricsi. bu IlllJJ,"lllIY)',ltu ilktn
tarixi cpoxalarda trk-t.u ar mttlq1Jgll1 l11 illkarcd illlJ' f!. j1llzu11l1 ;lz
ni~anal tlri da y;)[ini da~lInaqdadlr.
.uCIII,r a, }IpnblK, TapllcP, -raxn'a, n p OTOKOJI, Ka(l :Llla . ac;\\:1
(m h r, yazr). :t>l OlJCT, sca, '-J)TYII . porua . 61'J];1T , )rl IO I . x apaun aur, ar ap, KllpI1lPI, aJITLIII, apuiuu va s. b u qabild en olan kllimiqdanla sz va ifadalar rus d ilinin lgot tark ibind u Z Il;1 kifu1''''1 q;:HI<J 1" ycr tutmus vu tnaraqlt slubi m"q amlarda ; ~J 0 I1m ,)k
l; l
rus bad ii dilini xcyl i zangi n l;)~dirl1l i ~dir.
J.l c ll b n l _ qadim ruscn nciu.ra. Teil Ka '(~IOIH:T,H)_
tiirk d il1i.rindan uan ge. tanqa) ahnrnudrr. (j ><lCMq, 1.499: }lCllhl 11 - trk
dil la rinde n X ll l ~X IV a srtord u almmad n (lllallcKltii .. J(') (P }1
123). AZurba ycanlll cnsiklo pcdi yastu-t b u ha qda dcyil ir: \,0 1.: 1\qa rus g. m ~ si kkos i. vV'.' ,)l\v r dc nqa ~tos k\'ada. 1)~ci ,)srin
e\'\',) lI;'J l"iml<'lJ1 isu dcmak obI' ki . bl n Ru siya knyazllqLmntla
ksi lm i~d ir. 17 v a 18 dsrin l ci rb nd<l b Il1 ~ demp ikl yalla~ 1
mis denqalar da kDsihrd i (Bax: ASE. III c _s.77 6.) Dah a q" tlimI'JTe gct sdk , i:J\'v~lla r istifad'J t:dd a l1 d,Jri pulun ycrilh) Dmil ri
Do nsko yun (1350 - 1389) vaxtll1da Qrbi Avropa dvlDt\i.::lri il;l
a laqa l<Jr canlanJ lqca m ctal Illonctla r iSHfad;)ya hurax lldl. ilk
1110netlo r lalar yazisi il;,) idi (s tat<lrskimi nadp isami). (I-I .M .K a ~
paM31lH . HCTOpl1 51 rocYllapcTBa Poccllil o ro, IV. c.2S0). Somalar tadrica n dg~)r z rllsca, daha sonra lar is;) y;tllllz rus yaZllan
i j\) burax llmaga ba~laY I r. Monetlm <:lvvv\c,) Ortial!a
k<Js ilirdi \";
ind i da Tr k dnyasm da ist ifad a olun <1n lanqa sz il;) bag
'l

102

~ ~=====-

ula raq d cnqa ad lantrdt . Gm s monet d cnq a m is mo nc tle r ise

p uil adlamrd t .
1
.J3tl Jl~1 da yada salma hy rq ki , aga (ag pul , gms pul)
vo
pul SOZI" ll bahgm agastl/pulu mo'n asmda d a sinonim kimi
damsrqda saxlnnth r.

. } {<" III., r ll sz rus diltuin btu d vrlorindo islak zom ri

l~ k Sl k

va!lld olm usdur: y ncna , 3 1.I ~C UJh , ne tu-r a 6hJna npn na r a::~:~~, (A. , 1c~<'~B. (:~a.".hK a ) . RlI,s .dilmd<J kiihmn sokilisi ila JI C-

. ,

sifat va istm sekilcili 6 C31U' IICiJi:b C, Jl CnCiKlIJ l 1

xozyara
uua nmunc lari vardrr: OH )J(e ll "rtC"
_
'

1I0 h:.:

,1, 0..Il K 3

110 I m i)'. ' 110

Y.I~cc IJO,l(l1J1I1C6 ) lCll b )KOII KlI

. .Rus farnih yasr Jlcnr.run,

Jl CII

..." " " . TOJlhKO

(<<K p hl)KODIII I K))) .

homin s zle bajih-

I)e31Icn e:n< IIb1 1

drr. (Cyn cp auc xaa .... 97. 120)

Aze rbaycan turkcesinde bu leksik vuhidu m xtel if s: k illarJ v rast gaimak rnmknd r. Sah lsmayil Xa taida :
a (
IJoyal1~1 r entin hezar IfJl1ga
EJ l'/,7q/ ~:"0cDr do 'al1gr7 ~ telJg<)

.. ~alq damsrq dilll~;) xcyli pu l. mal-dovlot mo'n asmda i ~

1\1111
11 r. Ta.l1 qa l.l llll batdt.
tanqah
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1

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xcyir sar b '

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un I r az
, "" mu z vare n, all an da tapa bilrn adik, (N .Vcysvl
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vay 11 " d .1' (
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Be'zila ri n cn ra sz n b ir qayda olaraq qudim trk ~ zii

tamq anm trklurin quhir dns larma da h u kk o lun d ugunu gstarirdi (.ul\! . CT5-1, 545). Dmitri ycv fikirlorini g cni slandirsrek ya zrrd i: rus dilinde bil soz, grnr rsum tatbiq edilan Vu b ununla bagl t enuoayo tamga qoya u x susi tam ga i vezifosi olan Qizr l

olan tam jin SZO<J baglaYlrlar.

ii Bu' szn
O rxon -Y c-_
T a mjia m h r. xa n 1110lH..UW.
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nisey kitabalerind o twngal sa kliuda i ~ lmm~asll gO~lvnrl k ,
l'
0. ar t Iq O-L
t
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as rdc, qudim
tr k dilloriuc_ Cl mOVCU(
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musdur. Rus

V;:J

Orda cpoxas mda genis yayrlnu sdrr. Taaccsuas s zn n da

rnon sc yi buradandu-. ()J.l\-1. CT5J, 545 ). Get-g cd a tam qai s z
TOp ro B351 nouuun m - ycn i m,1' \l3S1111 aldi . Ivan Kulitanui farmanJanuda hu mu'n adu islomnis Xl X asra qod or hamin ma 'nan r saxlararsdn. ' O d ur kj, <(-r3MQ)K l1 a5J)~ sz rus dilindo c ti moloji ca hotclan tamga s z ilc cyn idir (Illaa cxn., K3CP5I, c.436).
Oadim uyg ur ab idalo rind e da Iarnga tavro ? - m hr dernekdir. -'
Rus dilind o Ta1\lOiK1l351 (d ili mi zda g rn r k) gcuis islane n
s zdr: 5J 33CTan y nero In r Op O)l CKIIX '-lHIJOBHI1KOn nOMH HTC5l,

trk dill ari aras tnda h a r han.sl bir alaqumn y~~

ranmasmdan xeyl i nvvu l rus dilinda arttq I st l fa d ~1 c~~dl1lakd c)

idi.! Tamgalldamga - mhr, ratartara lutulan.vcr.gl>: turk lid \;)-

""?"

rinden aluuuadir . T rk d ill ari nd e tamga XSll SI 1l1 u lyk lYYV\

t rkco danige n C' Ja TL (Fasmer 4, s .18) . T am ga (.ta m?<1~~.
t rngai tug ra] As iya hu nl ann dan bari m vcud olan bi l' klrr
: , lma si' olub bu gn de damga sn klinda dilimizd~ ?'a~allla~lda
davam eden bu termin Asiya Hun impcrato rluq ~n~h mu mu na' , 0 rxon k itabe
stna oa I11,
' u le rind o tarng
' t at (rasm i unvan : kat ib.
'
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.
Uyuur rnatnlarinda tam gen (n van] olaraq ya~anllY
010
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min d vlot idara sind o d in islarina nuzarut vazifusini Y0 10l~.I ').I.
tora findo n da~11l dlgl s yle ne bi lir.? Rus dilina <(t3111g,m SOII1
. yarhg'~'l ila bir likda XlI I a srin ikinci yansinda u ba~layaraq

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kea bilardi. Ma'Ium oldu gu iizra. I< X ~ Il. ~'ar.il~])} ~~.?'l\.. (]i n~!l~l
mhr _ al qrmu zi tam ga ila barkidilirdi.' Gorun ur, tanxr modem terruin tam j;a dalia avval tiirk xalqlan nda, clvc;:)dv ~8 1 qda miiayyan l1asila ailayu m,ms ub i~aru, n i~a l1 a l 1l1u~dllr. Pl1 ~
kinin (<8rzruma sa~aha~ aS<'l rinda tanga ~aklin(h" bu ma'na da
I c dI
r _.. T "', ', a \JCWUl
ll" II HlII Ch , l n o 6p aJ KCl111C 1l1aUJKIl,
I. s1l f au;:)
I ml~ulI
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r anr a, lIcce'-lCHlILle !la KaM!lC, OCTaGJJCITJ,l XIIW HLJM ~.I~YI(~ I/Il B
naMRTL XHlllJToro npe)lKa . N.Dmi triycv M. K a ~qarll luga tll~dJ,
ODw n-Yenisey kit abal a rind a , daca d,) K odeks KU.l.11an.l ks
asa rinda bu szn 1) h cyva nda dal11ga; 2) mctal uza nnda
dal11ga)~ ; 3) rusunw l11a'nal an l1l ~ st8ri r V~; bir ox. t~'~ ~a~f~l.]~
flnda lla sil - soy n i~anl; a mlak n l ~ an m [11,) naS1I11 1)lldudlYlJ11 \ u
I A p a !<!l 1I

B.

Jl31>/1:1I
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7
GOCmO'iII(!c.1(/m/llC~II\ J1J!~Ka." I. Af.. 1974. c 12 .

: Abdulk adlT DOllu*- idilri-Askcri /nl'an \'c Icfim/cr. /.I{;JrIbul, 19S5, 5.84
l Ara k/n V. (Js/Brikm f!.~iJri. s.127-

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zutpcs-ropa raa oacem.r. rcn croro

pyaanoro CTapJIlI Ka

i
I

".

rnaae-

xadrrauc (Llyun cmt. Ka un 'ran cxan JW'-:lKa, X rJJ.); Kafiauxnc 11 T<l1'.101l<CJ! lI), IC C60P !>1 OTJWB hJ Ha nonpar (Flyuno rn. <d1CTOr OBQ,\!

Pil)! llcrpa I. 17 12 ron .)

Apnn n - ars tn uznuluq lus. Turk dillerindan ah nma<111'. XlV e srd nn rus d ilindo isteni iir (Fas mcr. 1,92); Bil' ox trk

dillerinda arsm rus dilinde orfoqraf iya sr ars in s zn esasm(,lI'S SZ a lan {(ar~J~ d ur ur ()1,I\lIJTpl1eB CT5J, c.522). K itabi _
Dadu Qorquci>><la J vah idi va sm at adl olaraq (kafar obrazl)
i~I,)llilll1i~e1ir; Ol kahri n a 11 1l11 ~ ar~lln qal11ati varel! . Ar~un oglu
Dirak lakura x<Jlmr vcrd ilor (KDQ . VIII boy;). Qadim UZlllllllq
!s obn aqIII (Radlov l , 33 3-3 34) .szn n ru s mai~atinda
llZll1l 11l,)rdDJl buri i ~ l n d i yi J1]D'l um dur. lk vaxtlar rus yazilan ~
nda K<HjJIII-fCKHII aplIJlIl\) bi rla masi ~a kl i nd~ i~l unmasi ar~i m)
szn rus di liniJ Kafa-F cod osi ya baza rIanndal1 kemasi eht~
l11 allan Jl lll i nand m c dl gll1l mim I'. X V asrd;) tczliklB as as lIZUl1luq l vahidi oJan ycni vah d -ar~Jn meydJna IXIL Bu tcrm ina
eb

ilukifJ V. VIl\'al"Jdill!t.~fllriIiJJl nSOIi ., 1)7

} uvm -lU,h ;1

(1IJ()!lOql ;~IIJ f} IiI) dCIllf)kdl~-.

-' 1/<1(>."011I :J.!l "lOpl:CKll li

T/OjJK O.'IO<'IIJIlJ. 1982. A'g), c S5

J{J(-,J~' JC.'/IIlic~(),'O

105

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Hela ar~1I1 gman ki. yalmz 147S-c ildan Osmanh idarosindu
olan Kafa-Fcodosiya baz..arlann du istifado cdih rdr. . aruq Xv

mcnyiuu z ci illll ildi) i:;; I"JJIll I~ arsin me dus

kadar lanmok qam-qssaya batmaq: bu zaman zn sakliuin dayismos i:

coneen Il C Il YiI;:II0 cncn.rn.

rtJlaKaTl, (<<B ncKJK'cCIlr, C).
13l111Jarla y al1a ~l , ar$JI1 s7iiniill llltneliJll <1 y d lll J a~ a n bil'
sira 111;]'nal an da "arell!". M,)s" hlll: f1 rr .llll :la '\JIOPOBhC XO'\llllll;l,
LJ,JIH

-roro

IIT06LI , C]];lCTI ICI....

B a p Ul lllI JlJWO 11 Bee

Jlll JIIl aIHlI Il HII)'10 - Bb lCTP" I!B'J.llll plm lK l1 I! IIJ1lll lY lIa llJll lll lll Jl
0 PK CCT P nOJllw lJO ii - 1I0 l 1 n pK cnjl ""JlI I
i(Gp crCT)); Ar~lIl lI d l n a q ~ a x dayanl11 <J q, qn rxudan
donub qalmaq: . . . 011 33 /11l leJI , 'l a JlO XIl YJ1C}l OT J TO r O II p n IlCIIICCT-

m llm . . .

BbJ3BaJTII

(A .KY"Pll H.

!l[,
I,

11 '{epu ocnn uc xn ii npornornnu IlO

R], L\O) I C

apllllllry

as rda n ars m Rusiya Dvlatin in Markuzi bazar larmda asa ' ()!i
vahidino cvn lir.t
Bu SZ Z osas mo' nas ryla da rus odob i dilindo S IX -~lX ras t
galinmak dadir. Mosal on: Ha no n apu nura II IIif\ C ere ficacan BLInynrcnu as na nonro peKa (vlcxoa . (<!; CJ IICUICif\ II Llii ). a ~ ya n lll adr
kirni: 51s JBUOCL a, nanpn ucp. K 1I11if\CIICPY ... R"'COKIIC canoru, In
xap xtana r opv ut ncp cemmu i! cxna.n ro ap uruu (A.Kynpllil. ("
YJlIIUbm) . Bodii osa rla rin dilindo hu tiirkizrulu bag h l11ii ~ahidi) ~
lorimiz nat leasinde aydm oldu ki . sz arxaiklosmis olsa da
haqiqi ma'n asmdan ox. alava mo'na larda gcnis \ T' r,mgar;mg
situasiyalcrda isle nir: Ha n OBc p x lI OCTlI nOKa1 bIBaCTCll 6011J, U I~HI
namon.s ronoea 11 aa IIC IO ucpuoc. ap umuuoc rc no (A.'lcxoB.
H anmr}; H o He n p Ol1J.flJl Mb l 11 Cl0 marou, TaK In -la :\WJIOJlOro, apunmu orc em,III1K a, T O~1II0 In ] C:\lJll I m.tpocrnu. 1l0 }II I5J.lIOCJ,
BLICOKa ll iKJlDKa5J dnu-ypa (Avlcxon. IIYCTOil CJIY' lai ;): }I 11t'
TO, lITO TCG5J lI a CKB0 3b, 11 0 11 T060 ii ua 1'pll a p lllli ll a nee IIaCKIH)j),
BJI)KY, nrnsnuuaact. B non n OJ{ 11 0 1'1I Jl pOlll (c ljo ua 11 xn rp):

cm Erop,

rik dafa IV Ivarun Pols n-Lu va "rail Kazinu r giind' lrdryi f;lrrnanda rast golmir. Orada onun K ufa ars uu tn'yini ylu udt akihr.

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sluhi Vi lZinl dagtytr. Bu ifada tacirla r haqqmda islonmisdir.

Arvndr hm tacir 1'"1 bahastna cahsrr ki, ruhaniler qe birst nitq
dcxinlur. K ib'l dyakunu <Ia hu zaman hdas ina dsun isin aglrhgllldan sikaya tlunir: 80T

anourso

MhI copam rcs C

iKCJlaCM

1I0JI Y'1l11 1. IlO ; w a C nOJIT II II IIOi l. lf TCIICp b , npe UCT<lBbTC c c c,

CKOJIJ,KO Mbl Jl Ol l if\ lJbl n pnns n, Ha lIYWY rpcxa, 'JTOG!>I , pacrp o -

ru'n. "H II apu unnu.rc U YW II (Ycncucxnii. P a 30 p OJl bC)). Rus dilmdo ars innik s z tacir (ars unna lr) nm'n asm da da islonmisdir: (l(lI CIIII II II I) l ll IIX }I 'taii . T<JM COTCH 6 Y)l CT c naaauar t, ap 1111111 11111\0 11 (/\ .TOJlCTO ii. I (a ph (!) CJlOjl H Ba If OBU'I ) Apun u maa
GYKHiI - hu ifadn lam mucazi ma'na dastyrr: 13 npononxcnuc
CO ll i nor cru Ih\ IH. nauc var cnnoc B aqnnuax a p W II H Hbl MIl 6)'KBa 1>-111.

rpcucno. 110

nSC~ 1

II P ORlII l Ulf aJJ b Il bl M

roponasi

P OCCIIII

(i\ .K YJlpl1 l1 l l a 1I0f\O; Ru ifadnn in mocazilik kcyf iyye ti

onunla urhr ki, indi at dll1l~ \ '..1 kimsesiz qocalar cvinin sakini
olnn rcio ,1 kl)'01l1 bir z.a manl<l r gcri qayitrnast m mk n olmayan

maraqh bil' kc mis., malik dir. Onu u kcm is sonet s h roti bu

ifadc vasucsi !u mo'lum olm. l3u cml ed a da birlo smo hentin
m o'n adu du: B cpcn y nn IJ CCX KIlOCK<lX 11 Ha cren ax HIII Ul KIIX
a oxron )!c iiCTlIl lTCJ II,IJO lJW II311m l Cb r [1011-'HlllHLIC nnaxaru . r nc 11111)1
C e CIIJI], Kcrrc n OI, IJ10 llallC IJ<lTCliQ I/O JJyapwlIll llblMH Kp3 Cllbi Mll
0YKlliH! 11 (A.KyrrpllH. <dl'13ypllbrc Gcpera). A r~in tlirkizm i bil'
~OX Ill'J ca 7. I<1 ~IllI ~ i(:1 d;)I,)rin ta rkibillda gcn i~ i$lanilir. A r~il1lll c
bllk" l il:ld\) ~i hay-kiiyl plakat vo agtrl~ la n ll mo'naslzhgllli
gs tarir.

M CCHll ,

UCllf, l1'i MCC5IH nCLJ aTallll apll ll ll llfLIMJI 6YKBaM II,

y lIa c 6YJlCT J1.IIKoo6pa30B... (A.4 cxoB. CPCflCTBO O T 33 1I0m ). .Rus di lillda a r~ i lm sziinn mbalig<J kimi j ~l ad i l m:Jsi
l iTO

ha ll:1I1lltl

rast gi.ll nmk o lm : IJ

I\W C

19 18 ralla J1CIIIIH oT llpaU IIJI

P D:l C lirOJII.> I UI C <I1J1III I IIllb lMII MalIlIaT3 MIl B 1l 0 BOJljf{h C, 1160

:iel/ raJI.. I! n p llll a JlJ IC)/W JI K TCM

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(POt.l<l ll

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'1
l\10 IleT. Mo ucr man a t. Prof. v .D um Jr l ild' l Bist uu
qa ya stnda k r mix i yaz rlannd.. vcrg i. xarn c ma'n nstnd.r m annat sznn islcndi yinc nsaslanaraq glista rir ki. hu leksik valud

gct-gcda ham me'n aca. ha m da fonn acn doyiscr ck bu gnk ~<-)

klin e d~ 111 ~ va bu sz btiin Avro pa xalqlann m dillorino )'a~,IJI
mrsdr r. t Rus di linden scdiyimi z nm unulor monct s ikkn anlcnuuu - daha ox yaYI I I111 ~ sab it mo'nastna ya x i n drr: T h] K II H JKali

ceGc

B03bMH 11 ann yn U01L ~1I1, a l a PYJK hCM, np un u.

M OII CThI

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TCGC -rpu

na M (Jl .Ton crc ti. - Kam xn ): ... u n u Y nero

BCp XO Ha }l

J10111a,nb C

MOII CT

rpyn urcxosr CC}I-' IOM, aa

KOTOp 1'1O .llaB.<IJl1 1 CMY c opmc

( Flono nc xu . ~(TI III l.1IJ1CCKll e cuonr ): moeuzi mu'n ad a :

O TCll r.lOiI BCTpCTiI Jl ere XOJlO.1111 0 , KO]IKO; TIJICM}lII Il Il K OTBC'la JI

TOII iKC I\lOlICTH 11 He XYA<C -rexannoi ... (Af'cpu cn . 1; tM l bI C 11

.uYMW>, lf. 1). Grc diliuda islannn n1311at sz azerb aycan dilindan kecme dir.?
Dili mizda tarcilma za mant ru nnet (manat } uzaq. yad sz
kim i qebu l ohmmus . odur ki, har ycrda sikka kimi tnrcrua cdihui sd it .
;]p .iIlJ "~ . -_"ariJ k-,')IL1i Orda xan lan nm for m ant (Cci ulusu). Yarhk s z qadim uyg ur d ili abidala nnda rastlan nn yat -hk,
ya rhq a mr, sarancam qa di m trk soz l.i ndond ir. Yarh qda
d vlo tin ida ra olunmasr. ho rb i islo r haq qutda g st eri slor so rh

cdiiirdi. Ya rhq bil' stJlllJd kimi c'tib arlt bir vasit\:) olub onda
feod all ann toxullull1lazllq hiiququllu vv ;)haiinin a:- lli tub vq,) larilJin l1l iik31lafiyytlurini l1l \)YY:'1l1 1 ;,)~d i ri rd i.. ({Cj y ti"lrk kitab::lla rinda - Uygur matn im ind,) va d igv rlvrindv x<JqaIlJll y,-17;11 1
i:l l1lri, hK mdal111 f1"111anl ma 'naslIlda i ~ l ;)dili r. Trkc;) (yaryann aq , la hlil etma k, hkm etmLlk. yarg llailmaq) ya rl ll\ termini
bilindiyi kimi 16 nsrin snnlaflna qndv t" Tiirk-isl'llll V"l i\'1ogol
dvlDII;)rinda istifad<l cd i l ll1 i~d i r.4 Qud im Rusd<l qailun. hquq
lllh afiz<'J ke~i k i lvrin 3 dc y il<:'l ll CP h ll ;'\ . lIphl r a. lI pbIJKi';' khn>:Jlib
I l JiIll/lii?l'/;/

<J, 50 .\J? H.-I~I. ,.r;. II,C"k'l. 1<)(,.\: .~.5() .L'.

"'h

""

pen s . Bce }lpbl r ll. ace paaoiia nxn (I;YHlHJ . O xaa rm uc llHH) ;
1l 0 Jl1 J11l cpsu-n K KafiaK 3M (Flnneacaee . Caiuxa ).
Y .lrgu -IOpIIJl I1lICCKo e npaao , cyzi npn roaop, pacnp ana, H3- '

YKa31 S zn ilk monqol -trk 1l13'naSI xanm

nmn . buyruq udun ()l.Ml n pll cB, c.554) .
Dilun izoo aski mu'nasr ila nrnq arxaiklas un bu sz, H.Zorinazadanin qeyd ctdiyi kimi, am r, buyruq, yazth e mr ma'.
Ka3 31111 C }IpJlbl K -

na sm da Se fu viler d vrnde evvo l fars di lina kc arek is lonm is-

dir. 2 Y nrhk sz m asir ercb va fars dillarinde y orlig: soklind a. rus di lind e a pm.n o sok linde gc nis isle nma kde d ir. Ru s
dilind o aruq yen i ma'na da - etiket, yazrh qcyd (ha qiqi ma'nada ],
ham iniu macaz i ma'n uda m h r , si mvol kim i ba se d sl r. Sz n res kript , ctikctka. kimi S IX l1 lll1 ~ ru sca me'n asi grnr,
g mrk te crbosi ila a laqa dar yaraunus d r. Bu vaxt maliara
xan tn icaza si ila yarlaq yap rsdmrd rlar (JlM II Tp ne B, CT51, 554 ).
Rus di lin de ind i S I X lh11l ~, dar semantikas mda islaume si da cla b u
qcyd olullan 111\}'na iln bag hd lr; ~cy i n , malm iistna y a pl ~ d lTl lan
V;:l Olltlll 3 dllll , miqdanlll , hansl l11 a ssisa v~) ya firl11 ada bu
I<lx Jidlgtt1! bildimn etiket (Bax: ASE, V, s.88). Rus dilindv 1'arlJk
sii/ bi l' nca ll1vqal11da i ~ladil ir. Hqiqi me' nada: npOBII30 F

-====--

Ka- F
(<Ilo pcuen- \,',1

... JH)e TtiJI n Y3 blpc K. .. 1I<IK]JCIIJI .RPJlbl 'ICK (JL T o JlCTOil . (<Au ua

pCIll II I~m) ; Ha a n l CllllOi\l }I p JlblKe . . GbIJlO

TY J1 poqlcccopa I llIporoBa. (KynPIlII.
c 'la n,

m lJl IICaHO :

lJ YllCCll h l

,aOKTOP)));

araY I ~ , d ivarlara yalll ~d lTl lan b i ld i ri ~ : n OllCpK RpJlhl'l Ka \

lICIIO 1l0 Ka 3bIBarJ Mlle, 'HO h:m lH 3 ry OT.llaCT ' UIII OBIII I K ( r .Ycn eHI ' .....l n ll .,o.;.

.. A .Qllfb,1lIOI'. /lIii:lsir A?'i.rh.l.",;m .~/',bi

s 1-1.
! ..1/)(/10:1'" 1I.;'l IHIPH'''''''' ." "T /I'I('<""' 'I' ('.'I<'.''''ww~ . . ,,,,,",'(lW"'p,'" II<"I""~J,,, (" I ~'3
~ ~ I, /'!III~' i,'.1r1 A"u l /111;/IJ 1(' i<Tim fcr 1.'}""l1bll/. 11J,\'8. -'". ,)/

dilda n rxs a da ist eh za muq anunda onl ara m rac ie t!a bu a rxai k I
szdon isurad o ediluusdir. Ru s dili yazt lt abidolerind e bu sz ilk
dala X III csrin 2-ci ya ns mda rus kny az laruun x an yarhq lan nda
is le nilmi sdir . Aruq senraki a srla rda va masir d v rda yarh q :
rus d ilind o dam sanl ann gcnis istifad usina kco bilmi sdit. A
nya ato. 'ITO OIHI - TO. pnc uoapxrcttnu - TO ara, u een, 3]JY KO-

1'. ,1'.1:1".1/11/10(;1/ .

"'"JlII''' Xl i .\ "1"/1';'1. Cf:

l" II'''O-_1/0''?O.10 '://1.'

Jon llCJII60fi(1I11l11

100

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I

l/ l'fK'OJl3hl 'llll,n

1')si. .\ ~ ./. ./ I .

1 h /,l ritP7ild.., I::':/f'!o' ,I llmd.. A / "' />;II'C,ll1 S7Iur/: .s..:/fJ,If,

; / 1./2.II/ldl .Hiiil.ir;II; '/> Jill/ld, , ff:~ JIIuJI,,ali.s<?'lilf; s. 137.

t.

-====--

bo ni bildiran vasitn kvui (duyirmun da va s.) nm ro. nisan ;1\',)zlndn; - 5lPJll,JK CKopo ? - c npOClt JI Y Cf<HI II Il I Cro :~a BCCaMi t Hancta
( W 0 J10 XOB. T IIXJl il l~OH , 1 KIL) Yurhq sz ilu bagll ulavu

Flc pnsu i}, A .Tol stoy bu SZ haqqmdakt mal lif serhi nde yarnka rva ksa ray de mukdir yarnsik > szii di) buradmdrr, qeyd cunisdi r.
)' .1 111 - Aza rb nycan da m vcud ol mu s na q liyyat ViJ rabita
ruuntuqusi, m.ishur. cli , sof ir, vergi toplayan va basqal ann m bir
munt uqadun digari na gcd ib ga lma smi tc'min cun uk n yol-

ma'nalar nisbeton sonralar inkisaf ctnusdir.

51 :'\1. axruuuc. Rus dili ndo i.l:- r1 <Jfca ishmun. hol.. " C ;')1J
asrda di) islek olau rnadcn i termin. Yam-monqol svdr.
Pot stns iyasi dcmakdir. tztl Ordada yarannu s va tatar dilind.m
lUS dilina keernis dit (Jl,l'.lI lT rUIC I3. CT}I, 554); Gcr-gcda ,'{ am dc~
yildikdn 13yk pot yoJlannda kand anlasrhr \~') kuudin ;lha.l.isi
<l111q XI II esrd o qebul editmis yam nliikiJlklllyya llilll lli l 1,:01, 1

larda har 3-4 te rse x mosafodn xsusi dayanacaq- momoqoler tikilird i (ASE, V 5.59). Masir dvrdo Azerb aycan sivale rinde islnndiyi qeyda almrnrsdrr: Xarun yamsagun u (faytonu) qavaguu
kuscr. Y31tl~a gil1 bclinin ortasma bir omag cnd ircr. Xan cavub
clodi kin, niyo mam yamsagmu verdu n?' Yam , Yami Ce nubi
Azorbaycanda kund adlartdtr. Marandda Yam gediyindaki
Yam kondi va otraf kundlorifo Me rend ovasmdnki Yamr ViJ

(jl MCK)'lO 1l0BIIIl Jl OCTb ) Z atlanuda poetam. vuz i f al i mn'murlan.

d vlot yiikiinu V;) s. dasuna h id iln r. Yam - ohali si vam t Silll.AI
ila ma~gul cl an pot kandi . stansiyndu Rus iyanm bovtik so horla nnda. 0 cmludan Mosk vadak t \,..~ Pctcrburqda kt Yam skaya
k osi adlan buradand rr (cnac ucp. 4, 556 ): Mon qo lca ~ atl1.

ona tay kondlcrin Mugul kle ri!e ualdikla ri bollidir. nki

CKIl . CTaJ IOBO IIK,m). 51p JI I.IK- I"Ci i:I m l p . 1I0 T : B IlpO liC M. 101;1\0-

na. Jl)"-i WC n oron x yen-r c 0 JlCJIC: Il ll3BOJl hTC . Mll e IIpt'.: I CT ;HH.~TI.
Ba M MaJl Cl-lh Kllii Hpnhl'-IOK (I h ICCML'I' lI i i . ( K (l Ml I K))): Suuru . nov-

Yaruxana Naxtvanda kond adt olmusdur (indiki adi 19G3-dvn

C avida bnddtr}.

zamfyol} sozundo ndir. ' Ya111 xidm.ui byik xnn Uqcdcvin -

Kaanu - qnbalu. Bu sz lmqqutdn Fasmcr yaa rr: Kubalan-urub- turk sozdur. Yaz rh tozrn inat h do liyi dir . M q av ila,
kontrakt mu'uah crob ismindend ir (Fa smcr, 11. 148). M ud uni larixi termin qabnl a dcdi kdu adatart bo rc!a a laqodar asrhlgm
agl!" Ionnast nuzerda tulul ur. Fcodalizm qum lu$u iJa alaqvdar

oq)OpMnClIIloe no nuanornu TaK IIX PYCCI\ IIX C IO B KaK ] ~

neuuntx. xaxicuutnx 11 T .11. OblliTp llCB. C'Dl 554): Rus budii dl-

C.'lO Ba 11

lindiJ ~(}IMlUIIK sznn nm'nasilldan forq li o laraq ij"val ll i\lIllHK yo\ a'muru ll1a' n aslll da i ~ I ,) 1 11 1li ~ J ir: :m <l 'I Cll ll il np01l1Bo,J{. ll bIX .IlMUlIIK - )l OJD!<JI0 CTJl UC JlJ IllO, 1\CJIa l lU lti i CGo p OIll Ht\l <J ( 110-

/ )l a TlI )

.Il~ICKOii 40TIIOCjlUIIIl C ll

}I:\IY: .Il lll l1llllla-JIClICJl<llh~~ cGop

" Ha .IlMCK)10 r on Gy CB}l1a IlO C ce}.lallTIIKo i npO lnRoIUlU ICIl 0(:110-

l Bhl .:! Bu sziin aparxamw

ma'na :-'lIla

da

Ta s t

gohrik: - 13 6JIII ~

'1iKa l Il1CM jlMe ncp c c eJ]Jlanll. I-IC ncpclloxllyn 110CKaKaJIIf )J:lJl b Ill C:

~z gCll i~ yayJlnll~ Vi) ~b h as i z hmnill illar urZilldv trk dill,)rinv, () cmladoll Q1Z1 l Ordadan cJlpa q dilin<J \'0
oradan da rll S dilina kco biI1l1 i ~di r. 3 Bu sz znn ~ o nra k l inki:;;afll1da HT.Ili!,CJJ;UI 3a IlIlC IlMOCTL)) - ycni ma' na kBSb edir: llon.ll
II pOKmlTaH. )(OOCJIlI ll O KaGaJl hl (rJCTP n CpHhlii) Kart - llliJca zi
1ll<J'n:ld:l t:llc, b\Jxt. al1l1 yazlSl : IlolIJI eBaJl ua n anb UbJ OHa na'tana
paC CK.IJ:l.1I.lIIaTb K ~9 <1JlY (Kyl 1p ll l L OneC}I))). A~ a gJ(.Iakl ~a raitd o

ol:lraq li: abala

\: 011 11 11 110 p Orll 1I0 p y65IT B GOJIOraX 11 l.lCpCTOBhle CrOJ IOl>1 11 0 -

.h'~CII' f ('("IW<'

liop l\cl\,1e
0:'0.'0 m?p"{)(),'. c.12.J

1\ / i lp {/ I\.1fIf,

'J.1('.\I('J!tllb/ (; J1(1WII!IIIIIIW.t 11.1'('(">,0.'(>

." IJI /.' o.1

, 1 1',." .IOml.1ee6{/. p.rl(/II U/.I :JI/II<I. ( ) C..' 06000/'<IJ'Kif llll".J bIlO'; 'll'm).I 'A' m ",,,,,,n ll ll """/1 '
I<IIJ.lIOO

ill'.ICOW." RJI...:.. . rT. 191'5.. \1>6. c.I.J

~
b

Jlll~A'f/

I IO ~

e,

ham 0 kandl c rin adunn mu gu tca o lmast (Yam mo go l dil indo

Oarovul yeri ma'nastnd ad tr) ba'zi ze lliklorini saxtanusdu.

Ok taym zamamn da (oktyabr Il S6 - 1241) yaradt ldt. l li\l1ll ltK TypK O _ MOHI"OJICKOC }IM-'111 06p,nOl.l<lIlHOC OT n p C)l hJl l YlI JCT O

CT:l UJUrr. 11 UbC1if..:HC 11:\11.1 ( i\ .TOJICTo i. f1 CTp

I Ikll,V"/')P:V;,d.1II (;I Ii,'1I1.1

tlb {'dnlll~ IJ.Dlullil,hw J.

1'01 1.1f1,'i irtq/,1f

(fJlorli.lloj!/)':1 l'iJ .l'li lla /...'/I). Hak ,. 19 Y {m r .

-' IJ.'nk /{;I.wl....Nu. {im f/bi A ;m rllo"l.,c.Jl),];, (r/.; fahc,/fi"': " a d;/bl) Y ;/w . qiJ7cti, 19,
'-' I'N7. .V' .U(.105 .'J)
. I . IJ 1' ;1/.>1;' (fl"i.,(; /ttlimm. '<I.I/.,. .~ I J -I125.

III

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kt lar szun avvalki qedim mo'na sryla

O15ah uJa ctdiyinuz fa

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10 cri TBOH X ,
le :;;lr. A

JJ

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Ka6aJlbll['IX 11 Kpcn

BOJIl O

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Ll t\J '~ ,Hl I1 C5l !ll
3a nJIaTHJl CMY n o xanam.u
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ua

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lt
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i 1- 7) 1ik -

. Ocaq. Trk 111011:;;,lli bu sozun (~aSll~.cl_: . : I. _c. '

ta rik ! ki . f ox rnaraq I teI11' Sbuesiz
.,
v., soznn ilkin run sik-scm antl JI1 1~ .1 I ~ d A
sonrakr ink isaf murhululu h Ir. ncnq
,
\ .
d/Iot k0kiti ila ba. el
u,asi 0 b
" k c<C-v' , aila " nosil . orazr, rnorkazi
1 1q I!C Il1~ ll<.l ld
.
.._
.
n uda u soz ar
~
1 ' I lat ta bu nn 'nalan n b,j'zisl vaz.th
- I k '" alar qazannnsc 11. ' 0 "
~
va J . . ma na ,
'..
,
' . d. iir caguva hunca av ~
abida\ arilllizda do msahido cddnh)k,:.' H... ' l'c _ ' (K DO I V
.
,
ndiiruu . - dcyu soy Ia sc I I,11.
~
,
rat ga\ masm; ocaguu s . Y , _ k-5'lfl ona eaurib rxamns n ki .
boy) Oca~}.> s~z.n~a~~'ll~~ l~~~r~;l~can ~iilind morkoz. urazi.
istc r rus dilinde. rstars , VI I
aqlan m;.1l\Qniyy;)t ocaqlan.
b
'
ia'n aiar (sag a111 Iq oc<
,
_,.
man a V;) s. ~l
' f d~l'_ri nd "k i ma'nalar} '1<17.<111111 1:;;dll". Suz

MII 'I 0"

nnlh ariba oca gi v a s. J a. a 0;-) .

'1 '11 "
de kC111isdir. \ Dmit, ' 'I
. . l a m V;) Iran ' J i)fll1;)
,
ru s dili 1 a yanasi crn
k " -. turk lll'II" I,,'lld a _ rnpu . 51)\la
. ' I dara SOZ IIJ1
"
riy cv Rad luva rstmac u 'I' . - r. opnyc }l l l bI' Ia ]1 1ll;.)'nal'1l1111
" )101\1 v6C)J\1lUIC, lhlt\IIIJI II},
~
Jln }1 orB,
,. '
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ifado etdiyi ni gsten rdl (Dmlt11C\ .
"
CT05IJla )' o-tarc ( Kvu'.
'Bda' A 0118 B :)T() BpCj\l}
,
.
ll kiu mal < "
'nada: C )J(CllaTbIMll JIl0}1i\111 rOBOpl l .ll
C

O1~a) 2~cl n10;-) e . -pilH. nllCTpllr

.
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. _ . 0 Jl CT>J X (KYllpllll. Ilc KYo CB51 TOCTH Ollara, C ll ,n l <l MI1 T~.'1 I~~/;';:I\1i Ollar:. (L1CXOll , Jlpa:-.-,a
mClIlI e); Y llero OTH}1n ll cro "'I.IJ IL ,,-

oxurc);
"1'-' ; mstaqilliyini itinJl"uk yallliz
C'\11 San - D'I'
I IlllIZ(
" d'om birl<:Jsm<::lhri n 18rkibinda (sal11na yan.l~,l11a q .
ad-san vv Iv
.
~
d 'l' j_' ox s an callOBllblll , c a.. .. ) . ladillr R1.IS J 11le a Bn
.,
ad-san uun I ~
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.) kl"Ild'-) nstlanlr: I-la K<1KllC
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eaKIlC
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TOp C BCCCJIOCT bl nc eoe ecu CBOCTBeHHor o ero lIap)')KHOCTH H

cany (TbJC5J'--Ia ny ru). San-trk di llarinde shrar, faxr, h rmat,
la yaqa t mo 'nalanndad rr (D mitriev, 542). Sz n esas me'n asnu n
QIZ rl Orda cpoxa smdan a vva l almm ast eh tim al olunur.
JIcaK. Ya sak . Bu sz monqolca yasa s znd endir, adi
hiiquq mocollasi ma' nas uu bildirmis. sonralar ycni ma'na almtsdt r: h kumo r. idara QIZll O rda cpoxasmda sz dvlat
mtikal lufiyyuti, vergt ma'nalannd a trklera keernis O l MHTpHCB,
CT51 555). Dalia somalar artiq rus yazih monba lerinda HCaY IlhI H
(n nareao m HGIK) kimi istifada cd ilmakdodir. ' . v. n pa eon nn n IIX
non BbICOKYI O l (apCKYIO PYl( Y, nanar ana Ha HX scax .. . (Il yunoor .
On ncaan e 3C,MJJlJ KaM<iaTCKHC); 5IcaQHbJC C60PWHKH yaCTO y6H.
sacxn.r 6LIJlJ1. ( HeHH opaaa): 011 3aBCJl nepsra aca anue KIIHrH
.. .crun nn ncu na-n, ,,'aM'IaJ-laJl (Y ena orada].
Bnaa p- Bazar. Rus dili nd e XV esrden ham so sial-inzibati
termin . ha m de familiya kimi islandiyi ma'lumdu r. Trk di l- Ierin de bazar-yarm ark a; nno k ma'na lanndadr r (R adlov .l.d, 1193 ;
Fasmcr 1,106). 8 sl;:) 11 Jars diline mensub oldugu qeyd I ed ilir

(Ba x: yens orada). Masir rus od abi dilinde btn ma 'nalan ila
istifada o lun ur (C CP )151, J, 243). Bazar-alver yeri : A3H aTcKHe
CTpOC HJl e I1 finsap nnno uruurn MHC KHll1JI1-ICB (A.nYUl KHH. IlyTClIJCeTBllc. . . )>);

Baza)' - mcyda n, eami yyo t, ic tim ai ye r : .. B eJla6ollax, B

ropolle " B K l llac co GHpalo TcH B KpyrH IJ MYTHT Ha 633a-

IJCJIO;"!

pax l1a pOJl.

( A.ToJlcToii .

I1n p TIepBhi:); Ha 6a3aplIhlX nn0ll.l:allHX

<:J

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KJllla Jl H I/Oll!'> JCTH hre fili Ch M a IJ Tyr )J<C HpOCT HO MaTe pHch, "UiTaJl H
lI X Hap o,ny ( TICT p n e p Bhrii ) . Heftanin ycddi nc i gn, bazar gn,
yaxud m ayyen bil" gn : Mne cero,nnH HCJlb3H; ,neHh 6a3apHbIH
Y THT CllL KIi II Jl a ll Ke HeK MY ClI ,n:CTb (TIHceMcKIIi-l:. ThICHqa ,nyw);
Rus ~aharlori l1da al ver kasi : BLillH Ha Ea3apHYiO, OHa cnpo-

cJrJla, r,nc :iKIJBCT 311CCh rocno,nHH TIaHaypoB? (1Icx OB. TpM ro ,na). J:;a3<1pll hlii (I:;a3apllaH pa60Ta: kobud, Bldaqaymna): 0 11

IlplJGaBlln JlllPCI( J ApOKlIli

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7arin d7.7t
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B./{ T,op /((:j,'w' ,'legCII4r:Ck'/I('

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r:Jle.\/I!/II11b./ 6 I W.\/JI /il I/lI Ka. r PYCCKWO f13l:>1Ka .'.1011-

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6 LIn Q'-ICllh Ma n POCTOM, KPYro r u yn CBOIO CYXJ'lO CIIIIll KY 110 '

roltutu oynayir. Abba S PI tarixi-arxaik istilah kinu xalq arasmda

cun npcc-rpanusrii KOCTIOl\I, junuuu.ni Ga3apHbli ! 1l111AIK ~n. 'l~

r O-TO ceporo ... (EYIIIIH. ApX II BHOC 11CJIO). A~agl S;)V IYY<J!J se natkar. Kascao uaxam -crao 11 axo llall 060 POT par roeopy. h a3apllbt asp oar . mapnara u (llaIl IlJIC~CKI~~i. K~~ ~{JIa T,~pa "a: l.o~
na), Bazar _ qanunsuz luq. Imrelll d rcl l ~. h O~lll surun YC! . 1,Iy I ~~
-ryr crue. -lr o sa aaap? (A.OCT p013Clm li. l ~)IUI' I C~ CCPll ~l~) ? L,
sz bir ox frazeoloji bi rla~mal>Jn n torkibindo 1 ~1j)Jll1hlk l ~) S' .
mantik feal hfpOi gstvrir: _.. Mhl ' IYCh SI, Ka K yropenas KOIIIK3 uo

ind i do isledilir.

aaap y (JlCCKOB. B OIITeJl LlI lH ltm),

"

AG.n . Abaz, abas - 20 qapik dnyurindu kohn n . fa.l:s .,v.J

grcii gms sikkasi - Fars di lind~~11 a llll.m a~lr - abbasl,sozundon: Sah Abbasin (1587-\629) ad t do ba git slkk,:. Fasmcr 1.5 5.
Dmitriyeva gra da hcladir: Abaz _. m~n~.a~ lIla gore arub SOZl~
d r, xsusi ad olan sah Abbasui adnu bildirir. So nralar .A zu~ba)
canda va Grestanda (ixtisarla tnluffiiz cdilan abbasi .y cn n~) ~
abaz) i ~~ladilir. Ela burada ca Dmitriyev sz n l1lall~i:})' l1la subhalar ini bildirir: Szn rusca fomlaSlIlll1 azarba~can h lar lll. )'0:\ , . crc lariu dilineen almdlJ;mt s ~'l am\)k atin dir <,UM.. CT}),
c.555). Grkaml i alimi ~bh \)YB salan ca~l ~l ~ u sz 1.~ 1~1d <: 11~
adamlann Grcstanla baghltgmdan asih idi. lul aba~.l Rus
hayat tarzinda mh m yer tutmusdur. Abasa v Pcrsu krusa
(atalar sz) Pu ~ki nd\) (Du ~etda gcc;j l\)y~)rkan): I lc puL.lii BC~P~'I
B
IIhll BhI3Ban e >J' npo Bc CTIl MCIIR K ro pOJlII lt '-le MY 11 H01pc6o <U! 3a
TO C MCH5I au a 3 d l yrcw eCTB llc B A p 3P Yi'm rJJ.l.) .. ,KO;\lJ1 aTa
GhlJla Mlle OTBe,uClIa , CTa Ka ll IUl Ha n pllllCCCIi 11 a6:n Bl>! Ha ll Mo e MY n p o n OllHII KY, C OTO'-lCCI\II M DLJl'OnOpOM 3a cru KOP"ICTO:I,I~~
6 11e, OCKopGllTe Jlbll OC DJlSl r pYJ IIJlCIWrO rOCTellpllll~ICI I\a . (l l,;I~a
orada) Qribocdovda: Py6J1.SIMII cCp d j ptHI (;t ll lTa lOT Ta "~, I: IC JIJ!.I THJlJt npCJKJlC a Ga 3a MII, 1IJ1II 110 nillIl O IY 11ll a CTp aM II

,.

( K ,k . Ro do.~

flllikino 1 8 28~c i il 12 iyul T illisd..m); 110 TOM lI a C)I)'. K<l/I\11h ll l

Jle Hb JlB a a 6a3a, T31\-C? (Py6Ka neea , [JI. XII).
.
AbbasI, a ba~ l, aba~, aha/_ XVII-XVII I ;)srl"ll~da lrall va
ZaqafCjaziyada i ~ldi lm i ~ g m ~ sikk? 18 as rda ,artlq ab:.l s ~
AZ<Jrbaycan xanhqlan llm pul dvriyy;)sJl1d Dd" nsi1 S s tkkrJ vallldl
e;;;,~

114

)'1'10 1'. t. a .Damirizadan in haq lr olaraq qeyd ctdiy!

kimi nIS dilin de utq sz n nozera alaraq bo'zan bela dsnrlor ki, bu sz dilimiza son zamanlarda lUS dilindan kean
s zlordondir.'
a slinda dilimizdoki r s z V>J lU S diliudaki ut q SZ
hir kokdun 015a da fouctik farqler ta kca dillarirn iz arastndaki
farq lardan dogrnanu sdrr. Sz n kkn axtarmaq laz rm ga lir.

Bclo ki. Kasgari divamnda

zarnanki trk-msalman maisatin-

du islcnou tiik sznn izaht vardrr: tk qapaqh damir

alntdir. ie risina od tkb qtzdmrlar va bununla paltann qatlarnu l i ki ~ xutlorini hamartayrrlar, srgallayirlar. Buradan aydm
olu r ki. hola 1000 i! evvo l tiirk xalqlan nm mudan i inkisaf seviyye sinden xobar vcron bu mei set esyasi trk xalqlan arasmda ishl11111i ~ vu bu szn mohz trk xalqlanna aid oldugu mo'Ium
olm.
Ora b dilin do da tilrk ka lma si t isla nilir.J Aza rbaycan
trkcosinou u mek) odda tmek - qarsalamaq vardir. Azarbaycan dilindo bununla yanast be rkda n-bosdan ixnus adama da
tiik . un c dcyilir. tiik adr da bela ya ra nnusd rr.
Dam irizada nin qcyd ctdiy i kimi, sadaca trk dillarinin
~rq qrupunda zn mlihafiz<J cd'-lll qapah hccahhq Azar bay
ea ll trkcasillda alq hccah hq la ;) V<3 Z olundugu n qaplqqapl,
san q-san (tamiz lllu'nas1l1da, tDmiz-sanq ifadas inda qaltr), anq
sz an ~ak l i n d;) i~ l a n di y i kimi, tiik sz da hami n qanuna uygun olaraq Azar baycan liirkcasinda t)) ~;)k l i n a d ~ m ~d r.
Rus dili ndn aski lrkcBya uygun fonn a sa x l a m l nl1 ~d l r :
OncT Oll GLIJl Wc r OJl bCKJl, B HonylO 1"pllKO B)'IO napy, KOTo p a Sl HOCIi JIa ewc lIa ccGc CJlCJJ.I>I }'T lo llm o ii BbmpaflKlI (l{exoB. BopolIa))). Fon nas1I1a va buraxdlgl ta 'sira gra da bu sz banzat mv
kim i iSlifada olun" bilir: Uce Cille 1I3n a nll )'3l1alOT ero llJllIlIll)'lO
I a .Dom iTiz.1diJ. (<50~(jZ!) . .~61,
-' Rcdrcddlil AY/;IC. A wf' /;J11cc/cII/Jlkki flrkcc kelimeler, "lV A Vakli. Isranbul. 199 4,
s , 1.14, .

(!Jllrypy .. . 11 orucnuaa C ccnuuoti opona :n IOIW \I (Kyn pu n . ()l{aIlCTa) ; H CKTo , BCCf1l3 rnyn u H cn o xoii n stit. TO'1II0
yncr, cn pOCIIJI era (rOphKHi Jlc a TOJICTOih): Macazi ma' nada
XYJl)'lO

t lome k - h amarlamaq (dyb a ais dirm a k ta rbiy a ctme k ]:

Onun

C 113)'l-tneH IICM 11

co

CTpaXOM

nporc eopun: -

p rn YT IOil'lI.'1

(r OpbKIiH. Tpoe); tarbiyalundirm a k: agrllandrr maq . Y nee IIC

6cpyr na

Ko p OT KHe Cp a K I! , 1I0 TOM Y '11'0

rc n a

LIBa

cna uan a

MaJlL ~

tiJH:a T OJlbKO yr roacar ... (Jlccs on. <0KIITJIConnc ii 6a61>]).

K:13113, Ka3I1 a' JCIf. Ka zn a xuzinn, dafina. Osli urab ~z
xazina . Qipaq-turk fortnast 1' <11.11:1 hala Moskva Rusundan uvval gcnts dairada islanilirdi (Dmitricv 535). Rus dihua kazu a
sa klinde kca n sz SiJ S ta rkib i c't ibart ila orco monsoyindou ilk sa klinden ox uza qd tr. nki noza re almaq lazrmdrr ki.
rusun h ola Kiyev Rus d vlatinde orab Sarq i ilo madan i va ticarat alaqala rinin zaifliyi Vl? ya he'; ulmam asi, buna g ra di) sz n
yalmz trk sfcrastndan kcmusi rauicasind a kazna cla kaz nu
saklinde ahnrmsdt. Arakin szn polo vcslardan kerua sz oldugunu g sta rir.! Rus d ilindo ilk dafa Tver saluamasiuda (1 379 )
qeyd o al nmu sd r p . , <zn rus dilinde islenma imk anlan ox

genisdir. Xez ina ma'nasmda: Llapcsaa xaana nouranst He 3 u aC T

(Flrp Flcpau ). D6": ,*-" uie xsue : :::! '..'m ::..!x ncu cr lJPOll fTl3 JI
,IlCCllTb Thl e ll'l (Kyn pnu. Cncrcxra). . .. 011 ucpea 3a O'l Il !>l il 8 1.1xyn na aomo naturen, a nocne To ra y xaacmn .rx Kp CCTMl1l CCPk
HCKOBhl X B n oae n OMCp (Q ' iOp Olt a HHhl ii CTjX\II Il Jl IO) ; 11 1l0C JIC
aro ro 11 npocrtanca na ace ') TO 1I00 1 JI, 'I TO nancnan, TaK1l01llCJI C
ropn B Ka 3C IIHoe eC JIO, u a 51 p :>lap KY, Jla TaM C013CCM 3alllYl'llJIC5I
,
,

,,,

(neCKOB . 3axYllaJlhIii pOlW); 3a 0 13p a r m.I 6 0J1LIIloil

)Hl.

!I

Bbll OIl ,

na

KOT')POI\1 CT0 5lil ll Ka 3CHJl bl C r-mra :Hl Hb l, a B0 3JI C HIIX J1t.:TO"1 llc c r -

j"lIUIIICh

COJILWTLI

(Ily raJlo). Dvl,)!v max sus 11ll1" ~9 :

3nCC b

/KIIJli l B Ka3CIIH bIX KBapn lpax KOPlI YCIlI, IC llocn nTJTCJll! <lO I IKCP'-\) )

Rasmi slub

m ;)' n a s lIlda SI x-sn; i ~ l o ni r : COCT<1ISmICTCSl KC-

p OTKll ij n p OTOJ\OIl B I\a :\c lIl! I.IX C!IOlla X, 11 K He ",! y n p llJW ra CTO I

I
1

."

1 Apct.;lf" Ri l TIOP " T l.:llt' .ll'''T''.....I''//<'t.1e."rmll bl 6/1ll.'/JlII/II/IJ<a .\ pn"-"/" " J1IN"' I .' ''}//.'a.1CK o.' (.I ,U'p uoikl IJ..,, : 1in",,-..J.,NR <;()('IIW 'fIlO < .' fl6 1111<''' 'I H RJ'~ ,,"lH , C IJ !

~ " 6~

canoyu ucit IIIIC bMO (Kynp un. Pexa )K U3 HU);

om e-ra KaJ CHIIOIO $paJOlO (Hecyna). Kazna lekse mi
s z yaradrcihg mda mahsulda r vasita ola bilmisdir: Cnytua, 51
T3K lI )1l1MO 11 mu uy ItM , BOT 11 nIIIll Y: ezcen n 6 ht .11 6 bJn KaJHO
pan... illoif na 11 MIIP )); A no n a unn r BOT MeCTaM ry epnar op
TO)l{C na on noro Cr anoaoro no naseran n a Ha peeman n eanua m
OCT<lBnCIIIIOC

1.l0KT Op

Il CJlKOBblX 110

KIHIraM

IIC ,Il0C 'I lt TaJ l , TaK B COJln 3TbI OT,IlaJIll :

1':':lJIl Orp OUI ITCJl !> OH , Bb IXOJl.HT (TLlCWfa JlYIll II) . K a z e nka (t r -

mi), ha bsxnna): A rJI 3Co n IJ Oc a )Keli B Ka3cIIK Y (u TIOPM Y) (Ilyrn 3aMeTKH npn ' ITCIl It H Ormcan ae . . .}. K obud, s y s xa-

KItl I.

rakterli s zlor srrasmda: - Kascnnan uncypa! - r a BKIIYJI n OKOpH II

113J1QCJlC,uOK (to uxcpa).
Kaaaaq cii - s z (xazinai, xezinedar] qtpaq-turk dilinda k i kaz nai szn n rus dilins yngiil sakilda uyguntasnus formastdrr. 1358-ci ilde 11 i V3 11 11l farmanlan nda artrq kaz na i seklinde ilk dafa go rnr.! Bu sz!e bagh ru s d ili vasitasil a ya ra nuu s kaznaeystvc (xazinodarbq) - sz de islanmekdadir: A Tb!
CK;l3<Ula K:I".ma' ICIO qTo6LI Thl ompa en n a Tart. ane ua 1I0 '1T)', ' ITO
}I

npm caaana

(He xyna): ... nOl IY'UlJl

CTO py6JIcii OT x pecruo f M a -

-rcpn IJ TP " )lUaTh 11 3 xa ana-refic'rna . [Hexyna).

Rusiya Tulavilayet i Seki rayo nunda Kaz na evski qesebesi var. K azennik (Azerbaycan trkce sinda xe zine) - rus dilinde
h urb i termin: A rtilcriya vu tfang llesinin axmaq ycrlas di rila n
arxa hissosi t od lu silah hissasi CCPJl5I V, 665. Kaaemuai nu
fa ll1 iliyas' (CYIIepaJ-l CK;UI.. . c. 120).
Kapan naur. lk do fa XVII usrda ivcr l11 onastrlJ1J11 tCl sa rr
n l( daftarinda i ~I .) d i l lll i ~ d i r (lJla HcKli 2,64). Fasm cr bu sz
qcyct-~ \)J1s i z

trk 111 n ~ a li hcsab cdirsa da (Bax : Fasmcr 2, 192),

D mitriyev bu szlin Azurbaycan va trkma n di llurilldoki qara
d a$ szlvrin yax lIl h c s a b ctmay in iki ati nlik la q 3 r:;; ll a~ d lg m l
~sti)r ir : birincisi . tiirklD rin kn ran d a ~m ixtiras mdak l va ya ku ~
li nd'lki ;)sas rollanlll ~ b l m nltma ah..; ikincisi, sziin fonctik ca I "'I"'.IUI lJJl.
c, I J I.

l iopJ;cu'e .1( WC II " "' I' ,,"1I1' (.rt'.U l' lI l11bl.

11a." ..m UfIIIW.\

~ S<:,"IJ.W AU ..I . NUSG/ -.17"rN}"l.;/IIC3 7:Jll h lIarhi (cmlnliJr /ii;!.JtI~

p IW:J:<Ji>O
.
s./l.'i

IU bl J:D_. .

I:;
,

,,
~1

.1

l.,

q
latdan ortasmda n sosmin izahun atinliyi (qara n \'<1 qara
paralel fonna lan nm trk dilinde m vcudlugunu, lakin miicnrra d
rna'nada anos eum ii, Mpa'IIILTiI oldugunu qeyd etme kla ) s zn
trk man sal i oldugum inamsiz yanastr (Bax: CDl. c.559).
Lakin masir d ilinuzde ki q a r anlt q va arxaik q a ra nq n formalan (K DQ. III boy; Cnnubi Azar baycan sivolerindo hnzrrda
qaranqu va qaranquluq sokillori islanilmakdadir ) oldugunu va
ilk yazilann daslarla qara xutt buraxau qara daslnrla crzrlmasr
ta crbosini de na za ra als aq g rndy kimi h nn ru!i trkologun, edeten masa lanin hollinde hemise adalatl i mvqc tutan ali-

min chtiyatkarhgma lzum qaln ur.

Rus dilina daxil oldugu zamandan bu gne kimi islokdir:
... nonan CMY reapanna m 11 xnos o 6YMary c JlPYJKCC KYIO Y! lhIGKOK) ( E rn n e TCKIIC HO'-l.II ) .

lub, kcyfiyyat ; qa lam : Y

Ka re ndas inca ma'na forqlori ila

KOCMaTbIC KOHIf, 311a KOMl.tC BaM 11 0

noscxoro

S-

nacyrca Y1JO)1JIIIBbI C.
ncpuoxt y 1>::IIl:l lliI:lIIIY Op-

KJl61fTO K IlX 11

( nytJJ KHtI. flYTC WCCTBIIC B Ap3PY1'I)

Ill a n n a n -

no,nCBctlllllK BOCTO'1II0ro

06pa31I:l : 1I0 3JllI c e ~

r:l' ~j : !l i; 'A",cflbi il n."1"1CRC t llTW: { J HU-IIH cn oaape . IJl T. c .62 3.

M., Han. C3, 1955,) XV asrden gcc olmayaraq trk dillorinden

almrmsdir. ilk ovvnl sandan > sandal islonmisdir (Hlaucxuii
K3 CP5I, c.500). Azorbaycanca ox islek szd r, variantstz
(sam da n sok linde) islanir: 0 qa lbi ui eridir samdandak t Ill Ulll
kimi (S.V urgun) . Ru s dilindo .. . xpacnm.ni crajutx Onu rrcu
nO CT<lUJln Ha CTOJI ccp c pn u yro B<i3Y,
CCP C6P 5l 11 hlii IlJM1!U1If'I HbIl IIJ 3 11].la.TI 0 eeMIl CBC't <lX (Kyn: ,h
:Ballb6 a).

!\
.

"

Ii<l O Ia ~ Btn trk dil! :" J" (~ Iadi li r. Mxtolif i st i q a~

Illetlera qoll<lnan ox maraqlt ma'n?.Iara malik ba s - fc'l k k n ~
dondir: I) ayaq basmaq - f(ayaq iz lari ni saxlamaq - hasmaq)); 2)
ayaq basmaq - h cu m el 11(, y r~ e:mak, tal 3l1 clma k, a S a r;) t~1
sahnaq. Ta rixd",n QIZJl C'; .la xanlannm basmal;m (mhr) 111<:'1 'lumdur. (Dmlriev 526). Basm3 mC'.:J.t naXI ~1 'mallllll1 xsusi
suludur. Bu ad basmaq , s l x ma q)~ i' 3'na:1 I ; rk mvn ~ali basm a k sznJ e ndir. 1 V Dal bas ma szt,n a~" : ldak l llla'nalan tll
I 50p~. '''GO C. 0p)':JKeim oR /la.'on/a. (I "H . Kpe.'Ub Mo

(!;;> ~

'( 6 ,.,. .

-===_

C'.l7j.

li S (!;;> ~

g sta rir: I) Orda xanlaruu n m hr, e'ti m adnamal ari ; 2) nazik

iko ua bezeyi . g msdan haz trlamr, kil ss asyalarm dandir. (jlam,

1,52). Rus sa netind e genis istifada ohmmu sdur. Rus arlannm

taxunda, bir vaxtlar qodim rus me isatindo, as as sanat isi sayrlan
ikonalarda. mxtoli f za rif metal asyalarmda basma geni s
y aY I I I11J~ d l. Azorbaycan dilindo basma naxis, gl-basma (matcr iya , yay hq) basm a (ra ngla ma sulu); ba smaq-ezme k, tapd alamaq, slxmaq va b. sokilla rda islenilir. Rus bodii dilinde 2- ci
nm'nada islodili r: Ofiuanynn BaUlY MlIn OCTL, ryr IIKOHbI IICT, a
o/uta GaC MJ CCPC6P5llIJ}/ C HCIO n p ll CJI311a (Jl CCKOB. 3 a nC I IaTJICIII' h, 1i auren ); K ncqepy 11 anora pt, 1I0B1.l H OKJIa,ll rtpncnan,

euro npC)KlIC 61.111no acsre aaxasan (Yena orada).

IlY.Tl aT. Bula t, lra n ma nsali sz dr, yeni farsca fy Ia d
kimi ses lenir (Dmitriev 556). Dmitriyev bu sz lo bagh fikirla rini
daha da genislandirara k gs tarir ki, bu sz trkcal esdikd e n
so nru (flblp a va zlcuma si ile ) rus di line keernis s zd r, Afanasi
Nikitinda qcyd o almnus d rr. Birinci me'nada: Bnpyr on B OJlHOfO
In III1X BOll3Un enen J Ta f 311 11 OCTa B.SI 6 YJl 3T 8 cro rpyzm, BbIXBa
ll OTO:-'IY OH

-run

Knpnscann). kinci
vicdani r: 5i DCK )l{1I3Hb s m v eer e u .
Ka K 6 YJlaT ( IJY l llfH . B nonc), - Hu n., - CKaJaJI M BaH H IfKOn aIP J:
- xcc u a - TO Y MCWI -Kom,c lIe ll 3Mc Hll o e, 6 YJl 3 T ! - CIIJlIiT. JK,llCT !
113-3a n o a c a nee mrcroner a ( n ytJJK HH.

"~ :_;:~ :l. d~ -,~ ;.:;. : ;. ~ ':'L m i ,

(Ycn eucx u . Paaopc n sc). Ha min povcstlo r si lsile sina daxiJ

olan S ud an sa ss iz, otdan alaq gn elik-povcstindeki bu qadill Jl1 adt vc rilma sa de ox vafah, c'ti barh qad mdt r, v lad lan
olmasa da ari ila scviuc V<:1 scvgi iinda yasaytrlar,
Ruscadaki Uq Ull va bulaN szla ri trk szIaridir, :. deYB

Murad Ade l

Q lpnq

Inn

yov~a nJ})

adh trk tarixiliyina

aid xsllsi p lcmik IDdqiqlOJrinda yazlr. Bu sz ler b a~ ar tarixindiJ damirin t UIlClI ~,VtlZ etdiyi eram n abida-yadigarlandlr. ind iki
8c1qorod vi lay;)tlldv ycrli hava ska dar ycr a ltmda n btv m e la!lurgiya zavo<hm a ~ ka r cdi bl,;)r ~ bunun taxm inan V-VI srlardij qlpaq de m iri l"ni qurub lar. 1

I Ioflll<ld A del. QlJ'P'l r iJ/li l/lill Y0 I'.'3111. B ., ,<Gaf/d ik, 1997, 5.99.

Rus onomastikasmda Bulat ov. Zi ubu latov, Yan bulatov familiyalan bulat sz ila ba ghdir.!
uq u n - trk dillerindon ahnmadrr (Fasmer 4 .377) . uqun esyalar: Il poiins :JO umposo 1-J yryH HO JICCT lI lI llC ua n!IO -

\
\

W a.ZI. KY,

II

onu

BOlllJIIl B

nepsyio onsutyo

KOMHary

(Anna Kapc-

HIIHa) ... co MIIOH fism ' ,y r YIIHbIi 'lal mlK - CJl IIHCTBC llll a$l 'rpa-

na M051 B nyreurecmnax na KaBI<al Y(Fcpoi natnero BpCMCIl Il).

Qabm z adr: T yp61H1 C acannocn- ro np llllaJl K 't)T)'lI'IIl KY (Eynau Y 4 I1TCJIh ). K t, qaba baslnr; dilsnlmamis hutuk ut torslik, 'kk: IlOJl KBllI1 K, ycpurc JTY pozcy. Il CTPYIllKU: '1yr YIl II bl C M0 3111 ( nO Clll III OK); A nee liyu.na - -ry rynuaa ronoen (Kouos pan). Mbaliga kimi: )')Kc nc uuucccun, JH IIIO O)llI<lJK)lh[ 11] non vyrynnoro J{OIK.n:51 PYCCKIfX nynrc (lJeCT)')Ken-MapJlJIJlCIOl ii
AMManaT-6cK). uqunkn xalq dilindo da mir yolu: )KI Ul OIJ ,
Ha lJ.yryll KC . . . (eljnacn, -n.na) tl y r YII - glla. ryplllYII: I'opon
6bJn OTKpbJT co ecex CTOpOIl , 11 no-rru Ka)f( jlblli neus nyutxu 11
Myu.IKeTbI nparoa ocuuan n cro qyr yuc u 11 caunuoa (I'OJlh Kllii.
CKa3KII 0 6 l l r am ra ) .

".:ITi>iIl. Altm - ( q l 7.: !~

Oo d im rus s ikkosi CeI)J I}!. I.

c.lOO. Qadim rus xrrda pulu , ham inin pul he sab t vahi di .
Ovvaller 6 Moskva va ya 3 Novqorod denqastna ba rnbar olmus-

,!
I

dur. Novqorod denqasi sonralar kopeyka [qapik} adlammsdtr.

Rus dili nde 15 qapiyi bildirmak n bu gilriadak isledilan ((IlSI.TllaJlThlllll.bU (bcsaltmhq) ifadesi buradan mcydana galmisdir.
ilk dofa 1654-e ilda zurinda a!tlllnik yazlsl olmaqla misda n,
1704-da isa gm$dul1 kasihn i$dir (ASE, I, 279). Rus d ililld<~
pul vahidi kimi dayi~kan olmu$dur. ilk avval altm altI mis dcnqaya brabar olmu~dur (Fasmcr 1,72). Szn scmantikasltldakl
bela dayi~m;) altlm)1Il h;)r halda ovv;)l qlzll, qlZll pul nm'nasillda i$landiyini rdd etmir. Grnr , ruslan n istifadusinda a.lt.111
(ilkin ma' nasI: q1Zl1sikka, crvon) ziiniin asas IlliJ'llaSlIll ltlrmi~ v get-geda yan mqapiklik, qUnI$ (qro$) ma'nasmda a n l a~ l l
m l ~d lr (Dm itricv, 512).
/ Haf,klU" A. Rus (anm,lII 500 bu/qar.(.1(,1f. l urk aJ//h su/ale. J .. JY. /(j. 107.

-==L

A!tm bir ox dnva dilla nna kemisdir: H Dsil trk sz

ultun qrzrl urob dilinu kcmis va cnun fonctik qanunlanna uygun ola raq mctat cza h ad isusin o (a l-laton) ugranusdir va bu ~
kilde r truq bir ox Avropa dille rins kccmisdir.t Genis trk cografiyasutda Altun s z ilo bagh yasayis mant aqasi adlan szn
qodim trk s zla riuden oldugun u gos tar ir. A Um tiirk dill ar inde
ql7ll dcmakdir. Ermuni dilin do $;)XS adr Altunbck! va grc famihyasr Altunasvili alun szii ilo alaqodardrr. ski dil abidelurinuz da pul anlanuuda da isladildiyi msahida olunur: Bir
ql7.11 alundan sagar oskk buldr (XIII as r Qisscyi-Yusif).3D;)du Oorqud dastanlannm dilinda.da altm sz ayn olmaqla berabar ba 'Zu il eyni ifadu daxilmda yanast-qosa halda islunmisdir:
rzrl-altun gtlirn. Rus dilindo da aln n sz get-geda adi pul
mo'nasma gali b txnusdtr. Mama -lleBKa ua euna m, . a axoe y
IIci npnnanoc? tlaCThli rpccus. na Be IlIlK, na aJIThJII neaer
("pOCTI! 60r!) e 'lC M B umo CXOlllI T (Kamrrancxax nc qxa, rn.
lil ): - Be}! nama nona, I1aWITII ua an'r uur uer (1lIleCMe KJlIf. Ccpr di l Icrpounu X03. lpCIl 11 Mapn C'rymnu.nra}; qapik-quru s:
I Jp OJliUI 1'1.1 Ja MCllIlhlil 3 .'1"1 1>111 cnoio Jlyu.ICHhKY (!J.oCTOCBeKu li
lllfceTllhlii BOP) Altmuik - tacir, pul horisi ar i: Ero uaaaatlCII IIC 11 o6~ 3 aHH oCTh lIa611BaTI.> caoi xapnan, - Ci.::a33JJ KananoRII " - I loene aro ro 0 1111 He np OBollIIIIKIl oGpa30na JIIHI., a a~1 TI.III
1111 1' 11 ( l h leCMCKI1 i. Ttacaua nyur). Arxaik, qad im me'nasuu
(aglr pul) rus mesellorindo xaxlayir: He u uo IlIl rporua, B.llPyr
H

(lIexo B. }; j1>Ia)J\ JIlI K).

I;Y3a. ll uz:J - q<Jrabugda va ovdar unundan haz l rl an l11 1 ~
iki, yan mpivB, braqa; ukraYIl<l polyak, scrboxorvat, bolqar(dill;)["illd,) buza. Trk diIl8rill C!<:l1l alll1l11adlr (fasmcr 1,232); Ti.irk,
qazax, karaim dillorintliJ boza t ur~ sddan hazlrlanml$ ik, tatare.., eq;atayca buza (Radlov , 4,1292, 1683). Aza rbayean dilinl.IJIThl1l

'

CotJ. rIOJlK j,g5.

.' ,1r AI.mmMtkw DII/;",;J

ol/.l' pS! }....rcmn. / 9:)6. ,. 78
, //"I<'~~"' I ';' Z. iJk ,IIMdil/i .lhldJ;'/1ll117ini/T.t iJik qa(mm Ick s//.;s....lIIantil>: .t iis usiyy<JI /oU:

I ('J

I' 1l'imllTor.. ,1/JJ..I/U'~I"J()(I

() Jn/II.tlO.1U.IIU

Cilor.a

lr a.TII/WH.,

/'J,'iJ.... 5fJ

q""."'!'<I"

.~ ..lJ.

-===_"'" ~

J2J "'"

,.
\'

de arxaiklasmis bu sz iki nv adnu bild irir: Hal-lrii cum

xidmatiuda cam Oraq. Buza v . Nubid tamam u -zu!i.
Bung-Bada ]. Fzul inin farsca diva nmda buza-buzo kimi islanmi sdir (raftan buzo bc moca lis bunn). Rus odubi dilindo 1F)1"
ycrda tatar (trk) ikisi kimi taqd im olu nur: - )..la yac. BC]l Jl O.
xyno ; y }TJlX a 3J1aTOH nee T :\lC JlaT5Ju YJIJl CJ,
(Fcpo natne ro BpCi\lCH Jl I. HO T )Wi1 Cp OK
6YllCT, n o i i n y K Fnpcn x anv B f( \CTJl, fiya y 11Il T b,

KOlilJUTC5J

GY:31.1, II

nOWJIH pC3H5J

JlX II P;I1 -

JUHlK

- cu aa an

Jlyxatuxa (Ka3aKH), Homin kitabda B uza - bugdad an okilmis

tat ar pivas i (Tolstoyun z sarhidir] vt-rilmisdir. 3a c uuua uu y
BCCX nyxoBblc IIO.uYUlKH 1I0nJIOlKCllhl , ti n e p e n unxut Ha Kp yrJl oi ;
norucuxe 6 JllIHH npocsnuc. II MaCJ IO xopo a , e pacn ymct to B ' [(\IU -

KC, H

nuno

cxuii

nJICHHlIK) .

TaTapCKoc -6Y3a, B KYIlIllIII I' lllKC ( T OJ1CTOi i . K ,l I3 K;n -

T on xrau. Tol m a . Rus dilind e ro lmai m 11k islan diyi

manbaler sirasmda 1261-ci ilo aid Ipnrycv salnam a sini gsturmak olar.! Bu sz lbu Mhannanm lii,g aiimb tilmac . Codex
cu manikus da ulmac, altay di linde tilmes. tatar dilin de tclrna ,
Azarbaycan dilinde dilmanc, trk dilin de dilma, tu rkm an dili nde dilma, yakut dilinde til bas kim i qc ydo ahnnu sdtr. S z
til//tel//dil k kndandir va tarcma i. sarhi 1l1,J'naSII1 1 bildirir
(Dmitricv STa, 547). Bemin rna'na da bu rrkizm macar, rumm ,
alman dienno (har cr tarcruai YO.,\, ruahz sifah i turcm u i)
kcmisdir.J Bu s z rus budii diliuda d,1 yuxan da gostorit e n 111a 'nalarda isladilir: Odicacp r 6 J,Jn B3~ T 13 Jl OMOlUl> Ilcxrop anucy
1'

He CTonbKO KaK ucxaun, CKOJlbK O KaK T O.i11l13 '1 10151 i1CP C) {a'II J

era pacnop5l)KcJmii pa6oy.lJ!Il

(J1CCKOB. <<JKCJ1C3Ha51 BOm}).

Bee

MHe BTOp5JT 11 lla:>KC a3 1JaT CKl1e TO .:j lll a ' lII (rpIlGO C,'.10 H. IlllC h/110 K
]>cm lJcFlY

29, I.l8 19); To r Jla ropcI< ll li

KW!"3h C J I O CTO l l j[ CT n O ~ 1

OTJ3CQan ' l e p c 3 TOJl i\I:l ' la . , (Jl o pc p . ] :1JlllCK lI lllOCro BjKl\IClllm)

I/

T olma sz niS dilindl fe'l yar<lcl1r:

n po

~JTO

1 .-1. KmW JlU6 . H CI/I OP"flI IJy ',elfllfl mJOJlI<Ch"l I.Y HJ' ,l h'U I: G f' OCCII II, C
1 H . T -ll ovpu o .lt OI! nYfll lI II /101I10WOC <!JlWI " _\C'I' ' 'I ' '

hO
U.

Bh)

Ir,

" n I" :J.'I<!.U I' IIIIIO [l

('.55 -56

1")'1' T O.:D hl

, ,, <".'II If!!I II t' h"l I. '

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122

I!P'~

' III H .'.

Cl lpOCHJl

J'.IOJI011Ul>I?

CBOIH ll1

Y 3CHb KIJM lI

CrapJJKaJIlKa,

orn5JLlhIBa5J

CMeIOWHMHC5I rJ Jt13Ka J\.UI

ofiuecrao

(Fpnropoaa -r. <<AH-

TOi I-ropcsu.uca).

Bu s z sonradan ya radil nu s rtcpcncnunx sz ila SIX I$dlnlsa da XIX a st" ba dii esarl eriu dilinde ham tarcme i, hem da
ulavu ma'nuda - arzu lann t. fikrini atdu'an, nrz cdon me'nasmda da islunmisdir. Rus antroponituiyasmda familiya kim i yayrlnusdrr: N.A. Bcloqolovoyun xatirnlarindu (Bax : Pycce ue

!l!cM yapbl 1825-18 55). Ycr aUI kimi Peterburq atrafmda: A caM
11OCXtlJ1 HaJ1CrKC npoCThlJ\l, 60rOi\lOJlbllhlM 'leJIOBeKOM n p 5JMO K

Tora nortart K T OJlJ\W' ICBhl1\1 n opo ra e r

na KYPIUJhlii nepexen (Jlecxon. Oropnoc 3CpHO), Moskvada
snhurin qudirn arazi ad r kimi yasamaqdadtr. Qorkinin Ni luska
usorin do hadisularin carayan ctdiy i rus seheri Buyc vde de
Tolma cv slobodast var.
TI 1XRIIIJCl\oi i , a 3alllCCTO

Ccyi m adlarr
~; ':: ';; : ~~

: 8::!:':',' :}<j::> 111 '1ddi madani y yatin m h m ele-

mc nt idir. 0 da mo'huudur ki, gcyim an'anas inur qadiml iyi va

zangin liyi her hansr milli medeniyyatin da qadim liyi ndan ,
zanginliyin dau xobar vcri r.
Bil' sna dnya muzcylorinda saxlanan, xarici alim va
su yyahlann riqqotl a tosvir va tah lil etdiyi paltarlar, bazak n munuluri , ciaca do qndim min iarrlorda ta svir ol unan yksa k

z vql zongin geyim lur rrk geyim madaniyyati haqq rnda bitk in
Vil as as h fikro ga hnayu imkan vcril'. Bunlar - ctnoqrafik a h a ~
miyyvlli gcyimlar mil1at in q8d imlik, kam illik keyfiyyatla rinin
dal1l lmaz f~\ktlandl r. Azurbaycan xa lql znn milli qad im
;Jll\)Jl\)1;.:Jriyl,) v~) ha1llinin mi!!i gcyim nvlarinin mxtali fliyi
il\) c1~l nom ri eD lb ed ir.
Trk x<l lqlmmda ox glicl, davamiJ gcyim kultu olmu~.
bil 0 q;Jtlvr mhm rol oY ll aI1lJ ~ d lr ki, haHa zlerinin ayn-ayr:
gcyim l,lJ"i olan trk-azarb aycan tayfalan, nasillori , ailo l;)ri bil' Sl ra hal1arda gcyimliJrinin adlanyJa tarixdo ta l1l n nll ~ l a r. Su gl

123

""'~

-===_

bu etnonimla r z izla riui ba'zi yer adlann da ctnotop onim su klinda hifz cdib saxlaya bilmisdir : Qarapapaql ar. q tzrlba slur. agk ynaklar va s. adlan Azarba ycan ..uuzi sind u asajud a kr top onimlorin ama la gehues inda rol oynanusdrr: Qa radonlu . Oara Dolaq .
Ag kyne k. Qarab rk. Qarapapaq. San koy na k. Ycka Qursaqh .
Ala Qursaq , Ala bash va s. kimi ctnoq raf ik kcyf iyyotli toponnn lari, Baktda Ag~a lvarlar, 8 yrialmanlar rne hul!o adlanm g sta ru

bilarik.
. Azarbaycanm ssbcrlcrinda isteh sal olunan para-m atcn ya
nvlari yksak qiymatlandirilir V<J bcynul xalq ticarotda uhemiyyeti artaraq Avr opaya , Rusiyaya da ~mdlgl kimi (yiiksak saray
dairalarinda gcyilan paltarlann parcast ox zaman Aznrbaycandan apanhrdt], milli geyimlarimiz z a h:anhgl, cst cl i kll~,j. Z\:q-ss iln sa yyahlann hcyratina sobab olurdu . Od ur ki, (tar~
xan trklarl a va onlann madaniyyatil a daim nlaqedu olan RU SI
yada (N.Dlllilriyc\,)1 oulann mai sutinda mill i gcyiml<-ll"i miz
mhm ycr tutmusdur. Rus dilinde tcz-rez ra slla ~d l gll111 7. 'l:l;D1:l,
Ga Ul.'I I>I I', a n m ax, n a u a x ,

nmponnp , ;111\ :1:1)'1":, Kl'Ut'lIS lI": (k..) -

penak - y apmcr) x a na 'r , K:H~ T:l II ,

K)' U1lU":,

6;1(I)'r :l , a 1 ~ I :1 t , I":Y-

Ma 'l (qu mas), x a nayc (qanovuz) , rcaxucn (kurnxa}, rcaii ran ~ <.) s.

'I

kimi onlarla trkizmlar ~ Dada Qorquddan bari dilimizdo is!onan madani terminlar buna yax~1 sbut ola bila!'. Rus mai ~8tind
mhkom yer tulan gcyim n" lari "a bUlllall1l ;ldlallll,lll nl<.ln~;)c?
oksariyyvt e'tiban ila trk dillar ina aid olmasll1a dali: d~d l ~.l n
mizi ama li olaraq eanlanummlq n bir ~anllld<.). adl IJl!' cuml'l
daxilinda t rk man~B li gcyim adlannlll istil"a<!;) si kcyftYY<llin
diqqul yctirak: Ha Jl,1aJIb'Il IKa Ha jl Clla mr np,r.11l1 11l'II 10C TlJI,lTl,C:
h:ac!rra ll' lIIl'-: IJ KOp OTClI b KIIC 1111'.1111.1 In TOIlKoro llB l' T !ro r o CYKlJa c 6nccnlllUIllfil nyrou llU<ljl,lII , eJ lh lC Ill CJII\Oll!>I C IY.IIO'Il"1I }.{o
Konen 11 caqlMllloR h l e fi alU~Ia' I KIl c npmKK""l ll (M,Myp:noB.
)Kll3 l1 b Pall ll UlcBa, nJ.I). Hur a u a tasvirin biitn ylikiinii i ~tifad ;)
o (unan trk m<.)n~3I i gcyim adlan ohm sz [m (K<lIlm lll. 11n aHI,I.
, 11KJl.lIl ,mp" <'(l. li'J'()N l~nTKII.t y,,.,, ,,n ,; ''';.W<'I//ll "''' 'IIj,''''II~'III'.
1I1m',.~"/, ,, !oIo...., .o .1IIIIGa. 19-16. n/ . 11/. m,l/I. 10 ";, ." , 2 ,' (,3

' 24 ~

'IYJ/KI.I. c.'HI) I.~ I1. oa.lIIj1,laK) a k ir. Hu s z le ri n m atno u S IXII~1 " <::I
i':;: lI" ~Jr1 hYI . bir tn ru fdon Il()rtar.) n~"",rk-rus alaq alarindan xe bur
vcnrsa. digur nimfdun trk xalqlan mn zengin gc}im an'anesi va
v;,.lrdl~J ~.tlll<.l. Irabete qa dim. asash madeniyyata do malik olduqlumu sb ut cdi r. Arnq (I . rus d ilinde geyim adla n m bildi ra n
qtrx da n yuxan trk s zlon. otuzdan arnq paltar-gcyim dementi
adlari, be zak osya lnn , qtrxd an ox bas geyim ieri adla n qcy de

a l lll.l1l l~d m.1 Bu raki z mumtrk lTIadaniyyatinin bahraslni va

to'sinnin g stonc isidir.
~rl.lq .xVII I esrin baslan gicmda

Pyotrun hartaraff

i1~q i la~l l I slahall~f1 .rus milli gcyiminda da dns yaratdr (Yeri

d sm skon , tanxr V.O .Kly cvski ni n yazdrgma gra Pyotr
II ~'III t~"~I ,,(;1Ja onun yanma gal a' ! ~ -iyaz-qeyser RomadanovskiIII ya n ll1d~k , q~ardi yaJ1 ara . va aya nlara gsta rora k: Uzun paltar

strelet: lilrlll ~ h n;"J-ayagUla dolasrr: na onlan tfangla yaxst davrall~naga: Il? da yaxsr addun lamaga qoymur. Ona gra emr
c!~~l rn ki. ztpunlan kasib Avropa sayagr mundir d zolrsinlar .
Kol.lIl i.J palla!" yng l sla vyan gcyim ina yox, da ha ox tatar
gCYl1nl~l<J oxsayrr; xidmata yataq paltann da ga lmak yaramaz.!
1 acqoyma marasimlarinda baslann a trk (tatar) papagt s!l~~:.l:l1d.a ~lJZI ~! all m l~ M OJ~om ox tacnna qoyan rus arlanm n ge., .,~."A;: ~ ~.il na n, lorlJ k. $uba (cbba). z:;-::n, sarafan4) lut-

[i
\

..
.
' . ' .d c ader dernuk 0131' ki. hamIs!, turk sayagl
mus ka ndli gcy
_ l~ adl art' (.j',1 turkca idi . Q ,)(\ Il11 lUS 1ll11l.1
. unhmll.
vlaruun
olm aqla gey un na
. I' ,'I ') \ ""'Z olundu. Qcyd cd'.lk, ki ,
. ..
vropa gcynn en 1 a < v
j

ocyiml;)fJ
umumavrot
kubar camiyyut
i i1tH. u
o
A
paltar I
art '
)''' \mz' xuo.
_
bununla yanasi, H ._iJd < ~ or-vi , x SUSiyv~)II<-)rjni saxlaya bilyayildt va ycna du turk-tata! ol::) 111 .
I

"di.

(" . ,

M
'a sarafan 'Tcyindin> (Puskin. KutuOgar hacarsan . tl~ a~. _' v p ~qa ovtl11 dvoryanl ara tut-

tan qizr). Burada kapttart 1l0\110 cman tarunacamau chtiyat

.
I'
.arnq qrzmut 1\1 zaun
0
I
dugu divanc an qorx , . '
kl ' I tahliikanin qnrstsuu aYlsdJl111')
0
l
il
v
,
I'
cdir, on nn pa Itannt c d ., . d
.. ," -dii A S Puskin pa,har do. I'
ymBslll ,.) gOl11l U.
."
..
magl kandli pa tan ge
. ~. ti. "11 cj')yism'lsi kiuu 11];.1'l1 a, ,
I'
llludvlll VYd d i l
,
, '
yismala riui cpoxa ,-mH,
..., ' " Hancuv YJ-

rfipour y cnOll X,UI.tl .. .

,
- '
landua hilmisdi: 1 a-raj
"' 'd( L WIl'I)').
"'.. , . .
1<OJIC'I KII rop J1l,1II ye
. ..
K JIe p C1I1 ~'3~, 3aBh l B k
Iikc rus ,'ctinnivv<'ltinJi) qurb',I1<)) d
d ki,. : man ccc I C d .
, _ .'
o ur I, za '. , 1 "1' ox milli duyurlun bur. sta la r ear;jyan \ )
.
qarsi clan S\avyanpere :
. . ' I') vc nidon tabli cdirdilur.
rus
ney
nn
ll11
l,
~
keerrus
pa ctma klc en.,
. :::
I :1' ")"IIII)<JI"<Jstlal" olau Kom 855 -cl ilda 111<J$ Hl! s cl "

..
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I
\
JO nprc
' A'Ks<.akova b\1tllldDhYllld;)
.
1- L- "."-- 'b"C' SI \ -' Cia
tantin '.':2 .~'::..:~ /'. ~"~ :~~.' 1<11~'.~ ra"b~la bir sz aazi r ki, hkmdar ka ..

. .. ' ,

10<o: IIX

yazrrdi: Ivanm dcdiylila 0 '1'

11'1' o\~;)zina xalq kaftanlar.
.
. k ieryunk et a ra mum
0

mergerlera
Vtl
artlq sarala,". '
. an. .
Peterb urq e8111 'ly)>"v limb, sa
"
.
gey mdm11a k lSt8YIl .. .
. I 1"1 ox )"IX Cld lr>f .\ NUm<lYI~;J
. bu hC\ lq;] 0 s.
' < ' ..
I
\ardan da1l\ $1 1r. gel!
k"
' 1"1'1 g,cyi b g;)Z<Jll t\ksakovll
, d' P t a q<),i;lr 1 gCYlln v
karan;] S\.Il8 t ;] . ja r
d
'
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I
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( \ K A Kea1<OB OllCJle51 TaK.
..
.
1 I ya OX$a lil I al j . .
t''-:' oran liH 011\.1 ran I
"1'll ll'l:>nJ]
ero 3a ncpelUllIa VDnllax
<
uaUI-lOllaJlhlla , 'H O Hapo.n
~
)2
!

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II

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BaJ] 1ll)'T51 tl a a l1.CCB .

HIlHa, KaK pa Ce1<a3 hI , S" .~ XVI asrd<Jll (ilk d;]f,l IV Jvalllil

' '111)ldur) rus dJlmd" SIX
Jia ml\l:llc 13a$l11ak.. ozun d
2 "1 cyd lyyatm all 111<1 1
aml,akllu .ll 158. -Cl
1
q
'1'
'r
"
atav_ dilindvll alm . .. \' d<'l cdl Ir. UI k ~ <'ai'
.,.< b
$akJldu 1~I <Jlld1YI ml)l~aDll ", 'Ik'lll sen1'llltikasll1a grn aynqqa'
cr J 39
U soz 1
.
,
1111$d Ir (f "sm
.:
,
' [ \. d' . 06c JiCllltJlhl J1al1.C _ min bir llVU mi) naSlIll I al v C Ir. ..
bI >i ' 0nevi
I [Ja );' f)Ull .' ( KO,JKIIJIO /3, { IIJIII " e rp>,

" j "PW' 11 A b"/c>l!IOf' 11)JY_\1/>/,

11 AI
J"'}. .,

2-" K' I

120

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/ '.188. .31 'J

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accrm.rc

JllJI~lIK If IJ

pacar. rc 6alllMaKH '-ITO 6 hl13<lJlO Y IJ HX

(flYIllKHH. Fpoonura x) .
Rus dilinde bu mu'na ilo alaqadar olaraq a unea-uuo,
auntaunoc. MaeTcpCTBO {<Tallu, CBaJI b HhIH 6aLUMaK>l, <<.nHlTJlO!Il,lTll'feCKlli 6allli\la~ ( H:~ xaner n ovuuy m o BblDlT HBaJ lHC h Ta
c'rpoilnan 1I0ra MOJlOJloil xpa caamn.r, TO rpea ysas 6OTqJOpTa, Ta
nOJlOCaTLli ll YJJOK 11 lIH nDOMaTH'-IeCKl-1l1 fiau nrax (ITym KHIl.
<d l JlKOBJIJ n aaa) kintlsz va sz b irlas malari vardr.
JIJ1

T OJ/hKO fl TOp)/{CeTBCIlIJbIX CJl Y' IaH

Hasmak trkizmi bundan basqa bil' srra frazeoloji ifadalurin Iarkibinda istifado ol unaraq mc'na suu daha da gcnislondirmisdir. Misal1 ara diqqat yetirak . lfT06 bl TLl npOTIlB >KeJIaIlI1.l1

,I

pao'ra'n, Mlle Ha XJlc6, Ha 6UllJ MUKJf, .n:CT}ll'Il

OCTpOllIlT51 lJe)). Bu cml ada basmaq
zonni ynsayr s vasitos i kimi g stari lmi sdir. To's ir al u nd a 01 maq, ixyan dz nda olmarnaq , qatiyya tsi zlik V8 bu kimi
ma'nalan ifado eden birlusmalorin te rkibinde isla dil ir: O uicc
.\ HJCHIlC GblJIO 1"0, 'ITO I1 b c p 6hIJ1 110[1 fi:UI1MaK OJ\f c noc ac c nu , H
i lci iCT BIIT CJl ], HO, 1TO fir.rno TaK (<<Dot/Ha H MHP'))'
.Ou leksik vahid iradasiz, qatiyyatsiz adam mo'nas mda sY$ , tahqircdici sz kimi isladi lm isdir: - Crapr.r ii aurv a ! 41'06
J1"OT 'lCDOllC1< 6bW ca 1IIeH5I? (A. OeTpOBC1<Ull. O-:I3CTJlHBhlH
BOJKOro 06}1 Jall 61>IJl

Ha OJIC~JJIO? (JICCIWB.

ncm.). Eaunraxn xnunr npOC>JT - dagrhb khnal mok ma'n asmcia:

fJ OJlO )f(lfM ,

y COlIC'JKl-l 6alll Ma Kil

KaWI1

nponrr , a y r p n rnyr-

rn lJaDh1"O BaTO WlBllO llhJn e3JIa, - paeCYA<1HlCT MaT h eeMeeTna. (KYIl P IlH . CryneIlT-,nparyw}). CHRTh 6a rntllaK an y n Kl!

gl i.';i: HlI'Icro, 31'0 OllClI b JlCfKO; Bec paBiIO 'ITO eH5ITh 6aWMaK
(C. ll. X03apCB H Mapll ...)
HcnallCKllil 6alU tll<lK)J - bu ifad a a slind o ayaqqabl , ba~
Jllaq nv n bildinn;~kdan ox tarixi sz olub, qa dim ea za sulunnrl ad1l11 bildirir ilkil1 nm 'naSJlll da gstan)c;:)ymiz ifadviar in
[,lJ"k ibindD sa:xla1l11~drr. ObrilzJI ifad8 kll1i Paust}) (Htc) vs arinin (,ll'Ciill1<)sinc!a\1 soma yayI1m l$ YB bundan sonra badi i dildu
i sl if~ldv ohllllllaga ba$lamJ~dlr (Mcfis tofcl): TaM KaK CJlCnCT F1 l>l~JY11l1 PYH)l' Bam ) {y x , ]aLJrllyplOT

era B Il Cllall ('KII C ()allJ ~ HlItIl ,

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127

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nuniyyat. azadhq hi ssluriyla ulaqedar yazt rdt: ' {yncruo cauo6bJTlIOCT H H COBeplliellHOJleTHe t un e e rna He Gh lBaCT B ClII rra llll51 .

HcnaIlCKU Iiatu etmcu,

nymy. nouarorcs. II (jlU lI(Bax : l laccex T.P. yh nam.u u x J1CT).

Rus badi i dilinde islon a n 6pal lHb fiaunta x ifada si
mazmunca hemin hirl e smayo ya xmdrr: .. nee i\IO)KCT 6 bJTl , 11011paancna 11 O.IlJlII T O]l J,KO T51)lCeJlhl Gpa'lIlhlii Iiaurxrarc c uoru JA\:
He e 6pOCHW T> (Turcnua nym) . Bu sz rus dilindo di ge r maisut
a syasuun ach ki rui do isti fada olunur: O np51Tlta51 IJCTeJlb C Kpacm HypOBa BJllHC

TaJH51 rY J151eT u a CBofi -'JIC.

nonymxa 1'1 ficno il lla BOJlO'lKC, uaacc

6alU MaQOK nml ' !a COB, CTOJl, 110KphllH1Jl.. BCC p s n c ncacaxu ' liJ couu c II HCT pYMeliTbl (LJCXO B. Iiafi.c napc ru o). Qeyd ct mak lazundtr ki, basmak sz bu dildo familiya yaradtlmastnda da istiBhI M Ule pCT51BbJM OnC51JlOM

fado cd ilir .

Basrnak s z rus dili tcnninc logiyasmn da gcnis sakil do

daxil ola bihni ~dir. Basmak : tcxniki term inolo giyada altltq, da yaq ma'nalarmda: jclonka bas m agt, frezer basmagr, karnor ba.;;m ag! va tonnoz mc xanizrni - to nnoz ba~1l1ag! - tonno zla yr c t
qurgu (damir yolu termini) n18'nasll1da i~J el1ln Dk dadi r . \ Texniki
ten n inologiy ada bu s zde n istifada h iidu ds uzd ur: j clo nka basmagI, karnar ba'~l11agl, frezer b a~mag l. 2

Rus dilinda biologiya salm termini kimi dD b a~11l aka - i-

ak adl (formaslIla gr;::l b a~ m aga ox~ adlg il1a gF1) kimi isti fad;J
olunmu~dur. I3a~1l1a ka iayi zambaqiakl,g I~Jsjhl s in,) 111011subdur. Rus dili tenninologiyasm da digor iak adl orx idcyapafiopcilul11 iay i bu dilda - ba~maka adlalllr. 3 (Bu iuk bizda ki ssan (iris) ioyin a ban zayir; iyin 18oklori cynil<J
ayaqqab l ~<Jklind8 YUl11l1hn l1~dur .
Rus dilindo ba~mak sz ila bagh ba~qa bir bitki adl MapT> HIT 6a UJM a'IOK)' uk adl var (Fasl11cr 2577) .
J CHubiboJ'il, M<Jtbll<lfJaj)cdofl di f rruscsfur i , L cksik:l N .1lll. di " s, IJ , f 9<J3. s.27-3 / .
;: XUrilJll:i n Qu liy Cl'<1. LcksikscmaJJfik ka/kaMt. Az,nb t /l-II111 Xa biJr/on / 990, .M'.'.

sJlJ.

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DCIlH)li . huqiqat un du trki zmh

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mo isu t szjon - ei sal ar ~r o,zlInlill .1lkll1 s~mallt~k
Utl.llllndil tendcnsivasma uy '
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a semantik doYI~111ull1l1
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muxtaliftcnlli noloji sferalara dax il ol bili I
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.
adntan kap (ka b) ton (don) sa kli ~I b ~ I soz un et imol ogi ya s irn
n .l.s diJi . ilo ynna'';;1 btn sl:; v ~I~ :lil~g .a Ylrlar (~a.n s.kiy ~, 1 02)
ti,.) kemisdir
2
bir ox
turk dillerin dun kcdiy i -h ti 1 i
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e srter do

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d.~lI1ya .dl lh:lfil1'~

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(l~sll1cr ar~I;;) ~uII;I~~

d O llI~ u.r (Lllaacxu 2, 102 ). Bu

all n a k isi st _ . . k i .
sa kdu isludilmisdi r (Aaruz tu b: c 0 .".. " d gCYI~l11 1111 1 gcnis
..
b'd."I- 0 Z U sa -8qa
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nu s z rus gcy im mu duni . ti r I .
' . e menzaminli ).
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tutmusdur (Xynaa
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sz . Du da Oorq ud

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Kaftan szndan gcyim mxtalifli vi " ,
.
kl YI.l1l i fadu cdon bir su'a
forma , st il nulxtalif liyin i u'. bildi
k ibi
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indo isti fadu olun ur. M asa le n:

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lJhll:i xaqrrau , uoc uuu Ka(lrra;J n o: ' apa~HhIH .KaqJTall, r cp olIb lli 1{<l(jlTaJI (r}lc
.l 110
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IC fJlbllI Ka qJra H, r a pll H3 0 n .1 ' " pOBa , - C r p y c T H bIM B3
pYl\O i rapwl 11 I lBaJI 11)1
n OX M MaxnYJ1
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MOAom , TOJlCTO ro H pyaannoro crapn-ucr B rJJinCTOIlO~ 1 I\,HlnaHC

(A.IlYllJKIfH . Kamrrancxan .!..lOL/Ka rn . 8,l).,

_._, .: ".
Bu dild a kaftan mumilikda gcytm, pultar - zm UI l ; 1."1
geyimi kimi genis rue'na ifada CU;] bilir: .. .51 XOYy OT}I<l Th pyua-

KOf JI a

MCIUI

6cpyr caqrrau,

51

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TOJlb KO 0 H 1M ,

~T~6 OH He OTWlJl y MCBR C4aC T h51 upo utc uu n! (AJlI.ta K a l: ClI JHI ,l.

4 '-I.) mlki haya t trzini ifada eden ll1 un,1l 1;.)~1ll1.~ geynl1 a:l1 .
Cc- mc nu B W HHCJI5lX, saerpa - u K 3(llTllll:l X (I opuoiu . l\10PWlB Kd ) .
K afta n turkizmi bunclan basqa rus dil i morfcmlurt 11 I q;)bul :ctmi~ sakilda ~ lIO JlYK<1f\lTim, K:Jt!JT a llJK<1, nadrrannurxo. K<)(I)TaH'lHK kim i sakill arda de isladilmisdir.
_ .
XaJl3T - Rus dilinde ilkin me'n ada - a'nam, mkafat. hudiyya me'na smda ox al. rast galinir: AGGac Mnpaa x.amn OT 0 1"ua nony'um; u nc C3).l,lJnJ! rnaaer Ha TJY ll Ol\lJlY(Qribocdov N..

A.Kaxovskiya , Tobr izden 3.V.1820 tarixli l11 a~ t~btll1dall) .

Xalat ni s moisa tind a geuis yer tuuuus, kJ~ I, CkK''-1du q(l dI J ~
st uevimi kimi istifada cdilrna kdodir. Rus budi i ' l ~,)r1d 1 1l\ 1l d.l.ll
mat;ri-allan ilzra apardr gnnrz msahid. .lur _gSl\'lI1 l". le i. In: :-;(1/
haqiq i V ;) rnacazi mo'nalannda gcn i ~~ i-lcni!ir . . I Jdqllll n ldl\ad.: l
rus dil inde bu gey imin n v ve kcy fiy ya t mxtalifhyin i , ~ I <1(lv
eda n non au nu.ni xanar, apccraurcsu xan ar, 60JllllJ'lllb1H xa -

J
11

]JaT nerxni xanar, tuen xoauii xanar, lIdJlKORhlii Xil;J.IT:. eJlTIlCRblil xana'r, GCJIIl':lLIlil X.UJaT, n CCT p LIH xa}Ja:r, W l.Yll1L11 1 ~amn ,
BaTO':llIbJiI xanaT VB s. birlD$molQrinin lvrkib llld,) l$[;:mt11vSI lJ,lll1
da bu a~ y anm va szn i$la kd iyini gsldrir. .
.
Y arandl 01 zaman xaJlaTHbJii :-; J f~) tt xalat<l aid oJam>,
xalatla baglJ ll~ ism) m./ naS1111 ibd edlldi . Get-ge~~) ~mll.: l n~
hat lrga mcylilik, qayglSl z1Jq , tan b, Jilik)} "'-'-,1 I1Dha Y8\, u<,: unell, l1l~ l
nasI -=- nay") VQ kimasD, clac da v i:l7I fi:lY,J, burclll1a mus ullyya tsizlik, laqeyd mnasib3t llm'nalan Ill C~'d~.\I1 a IX1r .1
. ,
Bu so nrakJ 1l1;J'nalar arl lq knn, ) Ishqa nFl!lnda ol111 aq1.\
qiy matla nd iriei ll1 a'na funk siya sl da ~I I1 I ;l qdad lr. Rus bul1 il (ll11 n-

do bu mv'na smdan gcnis isutada cdilir, ha tta bu me'n a a sasmda

dcrivathhq qabihyyauni n da genisliyiu i go rrk. Rus dilinde
hum de trk munsali xaia t sz (O!m31l1. sz ila sakit, laubah
hayat mu'nasim da daqiq i fada edir: Boour c B Ta BpC l\-JJ1 nepcncncxna xnna rtmu acnnu, IIO Mell1H KOB 4cpe :mT>1'1ai:iJIO eonen CTBOllaJlO CKO pOJ\lY y r)"-lJ/CHHIO npexpacnoro nOJIa (COJ1Jlory6 .

<d30cn0i\-1IJIlal-I'/l}D . 13u s zla bagil ham in rne'na ya aid oxlu dil

fakan onu dcmoyo i mkan vcrir kj, bu sz har zaman cosqun,
fba l ha yat turziuu qarsr qoyulur. Bu sz macazi ma'nada
islnnarnk kobud s z, s ys xaraktcrli ifadalor kim! i~lani lir:
IIIJKOrJl<l HC ocucnnaanc s 6paHHTh nac a rencue Bb l aens Bb IJ1YiK)laiiTC . Tp~lITKa! Xana'r! (Avlexon ll.lncztcxaa cnavxa).
A~ at!Jdakl gstorocoyinu z xalat satm aq ifadasi ila tatarlartn Rusiyada XSUSOll, Moskvada vvolkindan fe rqli hallanna
tsarn cdiltnisdn- ' :;I,lJ Ia BP Ci\UI , KOfJ\a uu, r ar apn , nnanenn HaMH
IJ pann Cuac nmu., a 'rencp t, nu y P YCCKHX Bna xeax CJI)')KH TC Jl
xana'n. r npo. tacrc (A.LJ exon. l h-am,re). Artrq taterlar Mo skvadn ag:d lq ctnurlor. 0111<11" ticarut , muzdurluq, k8 alvcriliy i, rcsloran xidmutili yi vu s. i18 g zarau kc irirlar. Elaca de esrlar
lI Z11ll U Rusiyadu gcyi lan m illi xa lati ar da tikib satmaq on lann
is idir. S urikovun mash ur <d:';05:lPhllUi Mop030Ba) ta rix i rosminde
epizotlik ycr tutan tatar suro ti haq qmda sarhinin YOZ ll lTIU ox
maraqhtll r: Hu art lq tatar istilaSI zamalll rus ~ah arlrjnill tam
!1<lkil11i kimi gazilll, QI ZJl Orda Xa1l111a xarac tl8 b edll tatar
dcyildi. Surikovun tasvir etdiyi talar hal kemi~ XVI asrd8
tanman harbi l ka risi cizgiler ini oxdnll itirmi$dir. indi onun
dine snati var. 0 , Moskva mhitindt'l bym~ d Vi) XIX-XX
asrlara gQJib lxall k ;ml -k hll alvcrisi kimi bazar mcydanlar11l 1l1 adi fiqurllna evril mi ~d ir. Qrozlll Vi) Ycrmakm tatarlar za.
rinde qaJ<)b~l Jijri onla rm kcmi~ gcn n qalrqlarrlll birdafalik
SlJlC!Jrdlg l XVII Dsr Rllsiyasl iin tipik xaraktcr kimi rassam
trafindan d..)qiqJikID a~kar O I1ll1l~ du. 1

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Yazit Pan aycvan tn Z xa tirnlurind. i tn svir ctdiy i kimi

Turgcnevin dilinde da on xal ara brunms buxarah il;\dn s i tamami lu mocazi ma'nadadir. Y az ir humin ifada 1I,~ chti ya rh ,

m hafizakar Pctcrburq scn zuras un na zard. i tut urdu: Cnnuuu.

nmueun. H anaeun. aapanc c, LiTO yqa CTh mocro npoua ncnc nu s
3aBllCHT OT K3 KI1X - TO fiyxap uce , aa xyraruu.rx 13 n CO ITIi XaJl3TilX

(Bax: A.51. TIanacna. <il30c nO :-'fJI1JaHIUI) .

Xalat sz mans ace trk dillorinu ma nsub olmasa da
usya'uch kimi rus difinu tatarlardan, yaxllln turktcrin dillerindan
kcdiyina 9bhv ycri qalmtr. nki xalat soz bil' ox hnllarda
rus bcdii dilinda ts'yincdic iluri ilu birlikdu aaaucxuii xana' r. 6 yxapcxnii xanar, r ar apcxuii XaJJaT birlas mulari sak lindo islodilir:
Henancxo
)KCHHCM

Ih.cpa uren, BHLUIMO , norn.ayionut cn 0 611I1'1111 j' lla CBOHX ron apuurei nncnru .r x, TOJICTh lij uaop 13 reaaanOT

CKOl\ 1 XJJl:lTC

nojrrtoaccanu Il OJIOTCH Ue lll ,

C Ir YXJ1l,IM, ;'-KCJIT hllll ,

cepn rrn.nr J1Hl t OJ\l ( <<B oHli a 11 up ); jl a acran er e , s tuc 00 1>11<11 0 seaao 3aCTaBaJI nOTO/l1 yrpou B M OCKBC n 13 Il erepyprc, B -rnrapcico er

uoro
Bax :

cepefipncro xr xa narc,

BH Ma JICWHI\l KawllOpTal-l

Ilyurxun

rOJlO IO rpym. ro, He OKPYiKCH-

c.It oncson . <db

33 IH ICOlO) .

nocn ouuuanuax ki tabmda) .

A'rnac. Atlas - harna r ipak paren, matcrial . Oro b

dilinden trk dill ori vasitasi la rus dilin a kc mi sdir. l' ol yak V, )
al man dillarindo da islanir (Fasmcr 1,96). Bu szdon rus badii

dilinde ham para nvnn adt ohna qla huqiqi ma'nadn, hom ~IJ
frazeoloji hirlasmalarin tarki binda va metuforik maqamlan:a

15-

tifada olunmusdur. nu para nvndan hazirlaumts muxtalif ;.)$yalarla i$lallll1usi szn znn zDfuri i$\"k szl3rdan O\(.~llgUl1u
gstarir : a TJIaCHbl 6 YJ1JlYc, <rrnac lIhIi r ;l ICT YK, a TJlaCH\,1I1 6cllIMeT, a TJlaCI-lhl CaJlOll , a TJH1CH bli xamlT, ;l JJaCllbll 'ICX011 , OltC5IJI,
nOL\)'lIlKa, p y 6 a xa, aT JlaC

Kyna neT], CBOIi rJJa1n OT

(i$1<)1118) va s. MuS: Ky:m clt Hl' 311a JI,

i\lII mJ{l'C THa Il(1IJleWJII 1X }la~ l B aT JJaC -

Il biX nnal NIX C TtJ l lIlllihJ~lH XBOCTI,11l-1l1 11

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Atlusin ipok paren n v kimi hum yumsaqh gt va partaqhgr

onun m q ayisn vasites i k imi JXJ$ ctm esina sarait ya ratrrusd rr.
51 OOlllf M,! IO

11 I{CJIYIO CI1JI bll YIO a TJI:lCll)' IO WC 10

nee nu il B03J1 IOOJlCIIII 0!l.

cnocii eccno-

' IT0 6 hl '1ync1130 11 aT b 3eMH)'Io nJIOTL

aapumta); TaKa51 cnensxas, xopona H CjJ( C J1 I<a~l ~ TO'1110 nyx IJ a T JIa Ce (H.flecKoB. 8011rc nt.nnu a). Ou s zn g cl va te's irli vasita olaraq m c t a f ori k
( H. LlYJII lH . 1l 0J lYll OIIII ;]}i
IUCII LIGl51

ma qamlrda im kanl an ox geni sd ir: P 5lJ1.0 M c xpacaaauc

C'rpcnxoii uepu orn aao f 60P30if n a TJl a CIIO enoil utepcrn, men
onuno phliKlli xoem. , ll BOp OBbJi., H, 5lpOCTlW CKaJl51 3y6bl ,
P!'J'I<l, 3aXJIC6 hm:J 51C h ,

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nee mcpncmun OT xropoaa, BI13)K~IJ I u Xp YCTCJI "PIJ Ka)KJ]OM, c a MOM OCTopmKIlOM iuare (Ham in
asur}: TCMHJ,J l' If cuep xatontac KaK lJCpHbJH aTJIaC npYJ1.bI JICiI<aT
uc , 10 JU li DK IJ O (I- .Ycn. 1:13 6110 r p ;:l(I11-1 HCKaTCJlh51 TCn J1LIX MeCT).
/\ .N.Ostrov.skinill Bcluginin evlenmasi esarinda tacir
S rromyatovun dilindo is lenen atlas sz tamamila macazi
Kllil, KaK COJII> , paCChJWJaTl>l H

ma'nadadu-. A ndrcy Bclu g in ycni co tan rs oldugu va ilk baxrsdan

vuruldugu qrzdan ch tiram !a danrsdtqda dostu Srrornyatov nu

011UI1 lus slcrini, na de bu duygulann da rinl iyini dark cdir. Andre)' vurg unluqla qrzrn goza l meziyyatle rindan bohs etdikda dostu scy uqqauhlrqlu: l Iac ll H KaKH MH To n a p a MIl He ymrRIJlJlb . . 311amlJIII MhJ aTJI<lCllbJX , IJ fiapxa'nu,tx ~ dcyo cavab uu
vcrir. Tacir Srromyatovun z dostunun dorin hisslarina bela laqcyd mnasibuti onun dilinrl;l nmhz atlas (va barxat) SZI8rinin ba$qa ll1;)'na c1a i~la d il nms i il,) ~ pqo - sana t c tikas l ila uygUllluq ta:;;kil cdir.
Pu:;;kinin StansiY<l , ll;:)zaratislf> hekaysind8 dubdabeli
hi)yat, Z311gin dolanacaq I'llv'naslIldadlr: MHoro !IX B DCTCp6ypr c , /ll 0 jIOlIClll,KI1X

)WI),

CCrOJllIH BaTJl aCC , J1.a 6apx;:n c , a 3awrp a,

1I0rJlill1l lJJlL, l-1C"' yr YJllI lJ.Y llMCCTC C 1'0 Jl h Kao a u,Ko ro .

Eu SZIl rus dillnda i~h:mmv maqamlann da nazera arpan

c;:)h<J l];nd;:J11 biri d;:) odm ki , keyfiyyat, alamet, ox~ a rll gll1a gw
yeni ,da v;) 1ll;:) 'n;J!;Jr kasb c\s;) (hl us1indu Jlominativ ma'n alann da

'.,

rxts ede bili r. Kagi z nv -- I lcno -nca. . . XOJICIlLJ~lll

P YI\ <l ~ I I J

cepe6~ HH hJ MH uorras m 3a13epTLJJ3,uJa KOpOG10 l u ,lTJl aC IlY IO

raary

IJ

saaaauuu.ra

H X 30JJOTL["lJI lJJlIyp O'HGll\IJj U; YI[ll [1.

c
6y-

Xo-

noznras OCCHh) .

Konna re. Qalpuq, qapaq. Hu turkizmin n is dilinn daxil 01ma vaxu rus -t rk mnasibotlun nin XV-XVI as]" marha las i ile
.baglaytrlar.! Bir ox slavyan dilla rinde islnnma kdadir. .luravski
aski belorus dilina kean almaz, a mba r, ars in, hax nuu . boq a(Ir, bUIIUII. ka zna , kaltra . k aft a n, arm va k . arak, saqavdak,
tuvar, tcrba, tii tn, surov ar, stsak V;) s. kimi Lrkizmlilr snn smda ko lpak szn <.I;) qc yd edir.
Rus dilinde bu szn dayis ik fouct ik-morf oloji V,l["i;IIJ!1
klobuk da islunir (qadim ru slar tamasda old uqlan ilk qu dim trklori LJCpHblC KJlo 6]'K H (q ara klobu klar) dcye aturl ar. Q udim rus
dilinde kal pak uin klobuk var iunu da ha qudim almm rt ( I047- c i
il) hesab ol un ur (C pcaneucx nii, 1, 123 0) Maraqh h udisndir ki,
klobu k ind i dini geyim ad larmdand tr. R uhnni pnpagl mo'ua stu da
islanilir. Hetta haya t tarziui d il ifad u cdo bilir: lJ P J1 ).[C I B pCM ~J [t

ncru, HC rnoancxr K rOJlOBC llP I ! OIlT !

(r. rl,Il,aJll IJlCBCKlIH. LtapC BH'1 !UJCKCCHl>, rn 11).
Yzilliklar boyunca i 51;JIF m bu s z rus badii dilinde gCll i ~

paccrpnacetu ca : KJlo6]'K

dairalarda isla n rn a kla yan asr, bu dild a s zy ara uu a im kanlannm

gcnisliyin a gra do nozcri cel b edir. Bu szn semantiknstnda

13 a ~ gcyirn n vla rin dan birinin adt:
2. Qab a gl zh g l , mx talif qapa q mu'na s mda.
Ha r OJIOBC c ro 6 h IJI KOJJllaK , IJ Hom 6J,IJJll 6 o cJ,I C d30 iIla
u MHP)) . Ha nncuax TOP ' [3JIa M<l JICIIJ,K,UI, eC}lJ 1BOJlOC; I 5I r OJIORKa
B 1I0'-l.II0/l1 K3.illI 3 KC,
( A .LJ:exoB. <d ( OT ). Asagrdaki misallarda
isa qab, qapaq , hiJr c r qab rtiiy' ll1u'nas[ lldadl r : Bec GJllo)la

onun iki ma'nas t a sasdir: 1.

I
"

nOnaB anC51. HOLl )KeCDll lhlM KOJJIl ,l[(O i-t. 1.IT06hl II C Il pOCT hlnIl II

/ P .A ./O ilQ_.l('('(!(1. ,7 l' I{CIl "-O- Cl' ..IIa1 I11W'J(,C" O(, / itl:<I1l "'''W'

y6opou r; PJ"CCKo. "

C/w ii 2, { 258.
1

l_

10 b' h-e ,

"cr". 1970', N?5. ( .2 / .

A, If.JA)paGcKulI, .Iltwn/l' '';"p(lr/III ~ ('c'''w/

" CT , 1970. j.,''-!5 c. 73.

;>OIl J bl Ka .

//I1iJ/"'"' -"{\"

IIJw /c'lI il

"":<' ''lIIl1/ ,' O.H )(; / I""

K:"I( "/'H, c

() " I ,, / O /llMI I!lJO/ 'h1IJ."",!

2 /HI,

ni t'./IICf!-

cm " I" ,{i".1(II '.I ("(' ~" ' -

xo-onhca. J1pHJlOIl HIJl\-taH lWJJl!aK , Spocan a Ha BCCX BOCXH WC H H)'lO

ym.ricy (T. l lacccx . vlJ nan ru .tx JICT ) : lampamn papagi , rty :
l lc Jl Ul H KJt 3a i J(J"JlI J CBC'llJ B CTCKJl 5l1lJl bl X KOJmaKaX (A.KynpHII,
I JOCW IJl OK ). Ooruyucn iirtk mo'nasmda: liparen RbITaW HJl H3
KYJJbKa rO J/OBY ca xapy CIJ51 J/ c Hel' KOJJl[aK Jt n ourenxas na caxapy nam.uoxt (J\ .Q CX0 13 . Epa'rcrt). Memarhqda ko l p a k a banzar
ardaq. dam rty. B hlCO KHC ncxpsm.rc OCTpblM KaJInaKaX
(I,Jll [ITJliI . .. ( fl H.CCMCKlf ij b OHpIUHua).
Kolpak Icksik vahid i bas gcyiminin mxto lif nvlerini
b~,ld irm,' kl<l zor uri di l vasito si kinu lXI~ ctmisdir: Il cpczt ranape en np ox o nu n CJlY)J{ HTCJlb IJ cnncr! KY}HKC JI ponecm.cpcxo KOJln n k c In xpacuoro cyxna ( H .J Jc CK Oll . J-{CKyLt: aJ ) ; Jbadcr papagi:
Ilcnovxa uonficacana H', OCT a Jl OllHJlaCb B HCll.o)'M:eHHH , YIW .D.51.
opurnu am.u yro dmr ypy OlHlc6LIKa n xpec rsncuo crumee 110C; IYlllI I Il ' rhc~ 1 IW .lIII :I f{(' (I--LJJCCKOI3 . O B1(c 6 bIK ) . Korna upn nua nnca K KOJI5IC Ke, Y'13 111~C J I pHllOJ\f co Crcnau ApKal-lhll 'leM He
1()l}n5l, a KpJCJlHOrO nOJIlIOl"O J\fOJlOnOr O -rcn onexa B 1II0TJIUIILl: CJ{Ol\1 1(o .'lIIa ' [1(C C JlJ lllll ll bl1l1ll KOJl u a :.-m JICHT Ha aann <.HHa
Kapcnuua): kiiltmn suki lisi ilo

y ar an an

KO f l U} J\lb! C6CiK<l JllI Ha 6,UJKOIl l~ a'-l l1 ,

dc rivatlan vardrr: A

K '-l.UI1HOMY CTOJlV ocne-

JU.CJl' : O ~ I Y CBC' [aMl1 B KOJIlIa 'l1GlX, ll. OJK.U h Y"A<e JlHJ l KaK lf~' ncnpa
(h YII JllI. Man cmcnii poxr au ).
Kolpak leksik vahi di ru s dilina bas gcyimi mo'nasmda
daxil ()~m u~ Vil. bu diJin lcksik-scmantik sistemine tcz uygunlasaraq ouun tcrminlosma pre sesinde do istirak ctmisdir: KOJInaKOBa }! lIC% Marhalulur!o i si a y n n tenni k soba. Korna Ha KO JI II:l"C lIaOC pCTOJ lJOCTa TO' /H O PYlJ,H, era OJlYCKalOT Ha UCWl.X
B[JltJ.. j J pyn a nanacr 13 nc -n. (A.Kynp HH, <d030BC~liii 3aBO)]),)
botanika termini kimi g bnlak nvnn adlI11 - KOJlllaK KOJIna'l a ThJi i! > bildiri r. Du siiz a la va l1F)'nalan nda z aif, irad~'1s iz, m!i
(:a larlan nda i~I ;) Jil i r : J I 'IT O T b[-T O, H ea J\tO M nCJle 33 IW Jm al" Ta)(.o ) . . . I ~ : lml<l h- Bhl 6 a T [OJIl K;I, KOJllI aK (H.JIccKon. ,(HcKy.u<m);
( ,1',11 ( I\ [ Jl l CUIlC rJ II I K, G<lpOl/ H a al J X pJlCTo(IJOpOI3lI' [ J lJOJlB lt r , . ,

(n,IJI ' ll'J Wl\ CK /lo Gp b!J, YM l lhl ii II 1l00JTClI ll b l , HO 60n hllIO IH WH aF, H (ll)[CTI\la

(1l.J'pc'l.

3alJllCKlJ 0 Moeii llotJ lIIm) .

135

Ko lpak sz hu ma'nal arla yana~>l asag rdakr snruitdu t;;lxeklik pesasini bildirir: 3 T 6 WIll Jl k ou Typrcn cu-uom-ni napcsn wyr IJ Coqnuu-rx 6bJBlm JX CTJ1HJl KOB, n p O M C1l 5l BI,~ IlX o m,~
JIY Ha xonn ax, IJ - 6,''5a Lllytur -pa, )UI'I KOBa B)-lOBa (A .l OJlCTO Ii .
Ilerp Ilcpauk). Ingar trki zmlar kimi ham da ru s dili onomastikasmda da antropo nim kimi istifada editmi sdit (<d luq a o vun tarixii san adl i asa rda kazak famili ya stdi r).
V .Dal bu leksentin bil' stra clave mo'nalanm: kolpak-zuif
irada siz, aciz, KOJlIla KOB3TbJi '-ICJl0 13CK - qaygls17 . sudolvh.
gicbasar (adam) ma'n a alari aruu qcyd cl.lm k . bununl a ~a.ll a~~ .
KOJlll3tIHTh (qadmm kisini) zua tabc ctdinn a si. onlan (k l(.t1,m )
axmaq ycrino qoymaq va s. kimi me'n alanru diqq ~)tD l,:\l~i r V.1
1
szn rus dilinde ma'na geni ~ l iyi n i , tatuh guu ll111aYI~ ctdllr.
1(YMa'l . Qurua s- Rus dilinde XVlJ ns rda n islunilir; Jlk
dafa yaz rh sanadda Astarx an Aktmda (1626) qeyde almmrsdrr
(Hlaucxn K3CP5J, 2,443 ) Bir OX tiirk dil lorind o qml1 l:t:lyam biq para me'nasuu dast yir (F asmcr 2,425); 0za~'ba'yc~\ll dilindo
quma~ ham para nv. ha m brmzatma vasnost kt.nH: .l l ~) m da
qadm adi olnraq islonm okdedi r. AZ8rbayca~1 odabi d l1111111 hor
bir dvrndo heqiqi V \) mac azi ma'nal annda islok olmu sdur.

Qurigi bedeyi-seh be hbasi-zelminnz vu yexud.

H ar j<;ey glliJj',a qunn du yssm,

.I
I

ij

tor qUJ11a>'IJJ.

(Xutui}

OT IlllT_UH.

r p hl3Jla 0 P CXIl 11 il JlCI3<1J1 a CKOpJl)'TlOii Ha !lO Jl (!\' KYlIPIll L

<<1 1::1-

1 Sa x : B./la.11>. TO.l bIW<lI,l 1l C,W IWpb . roe lfJ(J-co J1I1 UCII/ , ft lfw!. c/()(!ope li . ;I r .

mmdf, c. 1.J2- / 43

--

yn aram raa WeR l.llnpxcaa

CTa-

JTC)J(aJI

icpacru.ni, KaK KYMWI

H CYll Op O)KHO, TR)KelTO

nuuran (rap-

unut. ' v\51 CJIaP CKOC ztcno).

Mqayisa vasitas i kimi: Y)KC naXJIO ropaurc Jl)"-lImCH, rycro

ruu.m MIl MO OTKphlT hl X OKOJl 3CJICJlhi ll llb l!'.l caxronapa, KOroPI,IH 60-

GLlI nc nxa natiuaana na xpunuc IIYI<aMH

RpKO

J1blJlaJOWlfX KYMa'-l-

oru ca mcnox, 0 6 JlJfBaJI IIX KepOCHHOM (Eynan . rpaMMaTI1Ka

moau}; 3TJO}.-l Bh[WeJJ npckpacmaii ( O'-ICBh xpacnau 3TII ropa-nte
TOIII ,[ ocncurcuuoro 3axo/151JllH M COJlI,Hl(CM KYMaYa), II >I B03J3paTHJIcs noxroii coneputenno C' Ja CTJTHl3hl/lf (Fapnnta . <<XYlloIKHHKlm).
Rus dilindo qum as (K Y!'.Ja'l ) trkizmi szyartma imkanlan
dn ulda ctmi sdir: Saccnacu B KIfCBCKO J\1 -rearpc orrcpr.r fianert.r.
fl blM

O rcyxtu-tcm.r co

BCCX

eroport (A. A BlleCII Ko. OTJl)"ICHHC/. Rus

dili antroponimi yasmda bu szdon istifada etma kle familiya

(Q .Uspcnsk inin Otnvok e sa rinda taci r Kumacv) va taxclls
(sair Lcbcdcv-K uma) dzaldilib isladi lmi sdir.
3 11 11)'11. Z ip u n - Rus dili abidalarinda XV 8srd811 qcyda
almmr sdtr ( UJ a Il CKJli K3C P5L 149). C u p a n , a p a n (hanusi trk
nmnsuli addrr) kimi zip u n da aski rus dilinde st paltannm bir

n c060m, \1x lf JIll Ch HX uranxax JI UBCT I-IbIX ar Karjn;m <:Jx H auny nax (Jl.Toncr o . PoMaH 0 BpeMcIIH
lIcrpa I); OKna B m6CH Kax 6l>TJIli 6e3 CTCKOJl, HHhIC GblJm 3aTKnyn.r rpsnxoii nn u mnyna u (Torom, <<l\1CpTBbIC nyum) .
Zi puu xalq geyim i kimi ze lUri J~ya s a y il ml ~ d lr . Odor ki,
rlls alalar szii turkibinda da rast g8linir: ECTb opeXH, a na 31H1YIIC J1pOpCXll. Hu sz h,lZlrdJ Azarbaycan Q(l;,)bi dilinde i ~lunllla
s;) d ~) Q")\)'11,) ~iv'lsin dl:1 VD lK1minin Giircstanlll Qarayazi (Qardobani) nlyoll unull AZilrbayc<:Jn ~i veJri n d a rast golinir. 1
KOll1 J1 KOJl'r<JlIJl\lJJ.

Bu sz para nvlurindan birini n aduu bildinuakla rus

dilinde genis islanmakdadir: JOpbC13 copuan xpacut. ni KYJ'ta ' l C
BOpoTIIHKa 11 C pYKaB013 (A.KYIlPH Il. :X p a.6 p blc. 6cr~e~w;
Kuma/) sz ham d~) rang bI1dirlll;J SvCIYYnSlll da IstJfadQ
olunmu~dur: Taill 51 cllllen n p o T l lB KYll Y l:l X H I3 opolllll/ot'i . Olla
/IOlpH a5l, C 3arIJTbl UlU lI/ll il nJa13 l\111, KYi\ta ' IOnO-KpaC I I:tl l

l W "W lJl ll hIM/); . . . KOpOTK<lH,

novn -yaxahqstz ka ft an I b ild inuisdir: . .. 110 60JlhJllC accr-o JTJOonauca nupon II<\ rtou ctuuuai i HalTK, xorna na CCpbIX apraMaicax, 33JllJThl X ccpc pua Y3ll JX , rrpO XOll HJIlI cTapHKH H' acnozn.c
CTOJlhll llK II- }IBOP 5111C C Ca6lIJlM H, IT UCTOnCTaMI1, a KTO H C caana-

Qebay-fuqn ! UJlaJJTqtunssi- tax ninnz,

Qvsi-qze!J edt

pu:

na unp yr xp acno , KaK"KYMatl (A .4exOB TJI/I(CJIhI C mO.uIm);.OH

1955.

l13ClI hJX

t: 1i {1IfI .lIi1.11/1/WIf.1II , Il lla~l ('KIIII/(I1I -'1('KCl I KO maopa A w p 6aii .)/{"ill lI/f'(/ r

I) 'YJ. CC I', "{O(Je Il1 CAW , !fI ><Jj!K O'lO,'IIf1 , !J. 1978, J..'!2.J, c.B2

-===-_~

.'IJ l'0ilOlI(/

137

(l;;>~

a l'( )e n w fc K o -

-===_

tf nn an-ucnuu st kundl i paltandrr. Tu rk dillon nda apauxalat (Radlov 3, 19 1S). Dmitriycv Budaqova istinad ederok ru
diliudaki jupan trkizrninin do cpan udan dogdllgunll gstori ,'
[Dmitriycv 550). Aza rbaycan dilind e apan (Ohmad apanm
uzun qoll anm tez-tcz irmal ayerek . onla n harnma tapiyi ctd i.
Y. anmnzaminli ). Rus dili nde ha m jupon. ham da apan sa klinda isladilir: AKYJIlIIIJ IIOCne llJIIJla aakyra'rt- R ll Llp }lll Ll ii if>Y11311 LlYHbKY 11 ycazum cc TaK ' IT06 ne mcrynuncs xurancncu
(Fpuropoau'r. )lepCRII}I ))).. . .cc om.moc rcno 6bJ.lI O oxyrauo
-rcnm.ut n M})n::i1M Kracll hl ~l IIJlJneM , mnpoxnxt. Kal' MY'+:CKoi
-ranan ... {Fops xnii. (JleTCTBo))). Bu hal - szn apan se kli
manba dillar la saslasir - Volqaboyunda dogulan Vi) tat ar tn's iri
duyu lan hu m hi tde yc sayeu Qorkinin dilindo hel a uygu n1uql ar
daha oxdur.
K~'lIIa l': - qursaq ha m kisi. hem qadm geyimJiJTi nda islonme kte yana~ 1 ha rbi geyimda do istifadc ohmmusdu r. Trk dilln rinda kusak va kusam aq islunilir. (Fastuer 2. 439). Aza rbaycan
trkcasi nda qursamaq va qursaq tarixun hem do qusaq :

X oteim der:qU,\.HI qusan.

Toe olur t/~1 b;1 dsen. (Xa tui )

,
"

'I

.'

Qursaq - kisilarin qadimd u pallar srndon bcl lariu u doladiqlan para. Osasnn xara \'\1 ipuk don huztrlamrd t. ingilis taciri
diplomau va sayyalu A.Ccnkinsol1Ull (l6- Cl Dsr) m;,1' lumatl11 a
gr AZ\J rbaycanda Rusiyaya ixrac olunan mallar araslllda qur~aq n da paralar va r iel i (Ba,,: ASE, liL s.282- 83).
Rus dilinda bu sz<) a~ag l dakl llF)qam larda rast ga lirik:
qadm paltannda dabda obn gr-yi1ll ;1(\1: KaTe rl IlI;) AIl;qlcc Blla
6 eJlO~1

n cp c xna' ICll1l0C Tl T a Jll lll C.IJClIhg l 6 ,11'x aT llLHI K)'l ua KOl\1 (KYllpJlll. ,d l1'a11 0 plllllK ap ~Il'i ; I'h: l li i ) . K.. ,ndIilurin. s ri.ciila l'in v,, s. bfta ll1l1. yClll H.llJ....111I11 ,;g', q l ~ :;cYllllia rnin iislnd<Jn baglad lqlan. dol,ldlqlan pi\,~tl : 1'\ ;'; 1 1 ~. : ' /I. 110 ih y

fibUla B

n m lTJ, c .

~ ''' ~ -===-

~ . ~!! l a' ll lT .. IlpOCTlITC xpacra p3111l (Bcpcr u ranxy 11 yurax)

0 1.10JICTOII. HJlaCTb Tb M bI). Ha rb i palta rda kem ar : Ha JICBOM

oxy KYlIIaKa Il p m': pC IlJUIJlCSI lIlTL IK B KO:lKa nOM ~yrn Slpc (Kynpnu . IOu xcpa].
Digc r bir ox trkizmln r kimi bu sz do rus dilinin morIotoji ala mat lorini qabul cdu bilmisdir: ~1 060iill.ll so xpyr ccs
:.~J C ll h K ll i i cnanxuunuics xym a -nnc, OH BT.lIHYJl B c c s TaK r our e e

GplUXO 11 JJT.lIlIYJlCSl no nonynrysy tITO 6LIJlO CII JIL I (TOJlCTOjt.

tl XOJ.Sl IIIl 11 pa60TIIIIK )). Rus famifiyasr Kusakov kusalo szndaud ir (Cyncpaucxaa.... c. 13.)
.. .. ..llI am ~:ll - Yundan va sairadan toxunmus byk bas
ortuyu. 2. N,lZIk YU lll~ aq yun para (ADi L, 4, s.497). Dmitriev
lu - ox .ti,rk . ~ i ll \.l r i n d ;j ha m ba~ rly. ham da matcriya kim i
l~l,\lHil Yll]J gstnrmakla bu sz Iran men soli samr (Bax: Dmitricv ~ .~\). 552). Rus dili ila yanas r polyak , fransrz dill e rinda de isj\.lJ11.iJ r (Lllaucxuf K3C P.5I, 499). Rus geyim medani yya tinda
g.(I 1 1~ ycr tutmusdur. Bir ox ille r arzinda, xsusa n XIX osrde
ki' 1);11'. ~'lI1li ~Yilll ~d'J dnbda O I 111 U~d ur. Ba~ geyimla rinin uzaq

kt m l ~I ~Hli)kl. 5 e ~ l d n~lxl;) l n ly i YB zen ginliyi onu g sta rir ki,

b; ~ ~ CY Il1.1 v.\). nkluri bast, sar qorumaqla yanast ictimai va ziyy,' da hl1dlrl na~a xidmot edirdi . Har iki ma'nastyla (bas rty
v' pnra, maren ya v adi olmaq la) Aza rbaycan dilinda do
I

.ok olmusdur:

Torki-tncrid o/dum, t kdm q8b.'lyi

Oy ni1J]l) g eYlil dim j~'<i1 ebayi. (Xatai)
Rus dilindD
>I<CCTlHJ

~a l,

'1II 1l0BlIlIKOB II

para, matcriya: n epen

OKOlllKaM Ii MII O ~

601tlT blX Wa JIC8blX IIJJaTbHX, C YCT~ TC$l E

1 .I.po~.le)K~o'{ II['IX a n Jl C.lIx . ( r p 1I6 o e)..to B. flyrCRLIC 3a n llc Klm).

Ka MClllIbl X KpeCTaX 11 BC}I l"pallllTaX 11 CH KOMOpOBblX cap Koq)aK a X ,
'1(1 IICJIC lIaX "1Y1'" lii ... lla Jl.parouelll:lblX llIaJlHX, nOKpblBaloulllx
'T061.l xalllHjloB (J)ymlH. HajlIlJIClm) . Bu dilda qa d m ba~ yayli o l : . .:3axoaTlln r OJloBY B ccpoif W 31l11 11 npllnaJl K lleii nanaxoJ1

Or l uk ( Lll ltT: HIIWI) lIa JLCp ClUi HlILi x 11

'ICCK IIX " la I110JICrrx . na

~~

139

~~

-====--

(IJ}lHlH. I fruar). Rus dilinda urau c ur aii 80POTllII" ~;,) ".;I lI1 d"
de islani r. B OpOT lII l K III J flh lO - orn oacno llO p 01I1 Il K, cuyc xruo-

CaM OJICTh l, lI1am m -IlCBIf J1.11MKII , TCKJlJ I p es n xron ou usre,

umic}/ na rpYJlII - CP5I, c.X24.

I1I l11l l':t - b ir ox trk dillarindu . 0 cmlnd.m Trkiy u
==.
trkcasindu bus gcyimlnrindun biriuin achd tr. K.RdcycvlJl

Il O iKI11-w ii BO}(b ' (ii)'II I1H. KOC HJ,});

Voyn orovsk i pncrna smda c ha!,- sa klin du (u H }1J '.l H lI lO l ~ I.C p CT

HOM 'IC6aKC) tarixizm saci yyus inde isti fada olun um sdur. Ki ta bm
sa rh la r hi ssa s ind a ebak-b yk ist i qulag h sapku de y" la la r1 ara ma xsus gcyi m kim i gstarilm i ~d ir. aba k s zn dnn truyan bu szn rus di lina kcma tarixi ox qodirndir. ! Azurba ycnn

d ilind aki sa pka rus dilindau almma hc sab OIUIlUL nki b u S7

rus dilina tr k dillarmin qodim qatl nr.nda n biri 013n qadim
bul qar di linde n kedi yindan tubi i ki, 0 rus dilindo ru a uim scdilura k isluudik dan soma bas gey irnlariudan mnh z biri niu adr (avropa geyim adt] ki mi Azorbaycan dilinde du yaytlnusdtr.
Rus atalar sz va mosallarin tork ibind e bil' ox trkizmlar kimi fa al isla nma kdadi r: (Kpacanaun) . .. nee 0Y.LlCT na C I"<1pOI\IY P YCCKO MY 3UBCj1CIII110:

Flo CeJl b KC uransa .

11 0 E p CMKC 1\<1 111-

ra u (A .OCTp o n CKIlIi . (UKCllllTh6a baJIJa:-'1I1110na) ). Rus dilindo

olan ze ng in bas geyimlar i iorisinda umumilnsdirici ad kimi b li ~
tn bas geyim i nvleri adlanru ifada cdo bilir: 6wJ 011 111'0<;1"(11 1
p a6o'-lJti YCJlOBC'lIl1lJKO , a r enepi. n epe n I III M x ua pran susrii III<JIJ KY noxnrr! {Fopsxn ii. (0\03lU Ilj)).
.
B u s z rus di lind e 0 qodo r s r'a tlo Va gcnis yayilnusdtr ki.
bu dilin bil' ox qrammatik ulamatlann i da gtr,) bihuisdir.
Qcyd etmak lazmidrr ki, rus d ilinde ham qadtn. hum dil kisi bas
.gcyiminin admt hildirir: H nor 0 11<-1 11}ICT, ll a p )' IIHIIl CIl II,HI , cna Cy p MJICIlllJ,IMJl 6 POllLII MIl B fi apxarn oii lIIyGKO l\1 IIlC f'OJll ,CKOi i

r annnci,

KJ!a }]" 1 c aMOttIlCTJll>IC, OT n c ex c a c p r n s rx u ap 6 hIJIJI KJHO'-lll BC'-I ~

poit

T5I:.KCJIOi

He60 naxpr.nro ropoa CCntamco .. (Fopt-xu ii. Foponox OKyp013a). Rus fa.

mili yalan Sap kin. Saposnikov , Sapok in bu s zle baghdtr.

Bu sz rus dili ud a bonzouue (gn a baxan) alan nda da
isledihr. 110 ]1001111<1 naopa aapocna.. .m raIlTCKHMIl 1I0JlC Om IC'-I1II1KaM II , 111131\0 Il IYIHllll MlJCII 1I0 JI TR;.f{eCTb IO CBOU X )KeJlT bIX m a -

IIUK

[Kynpuu . Ho-mcr}; Han

Kp)"A\ KOIl -

Ilcpm.r ti). Frazcologizm seciyynsindo:

ununca

(Ilcrp
51. Koro

He Rl I

KTO 8 OTBCTe? -

(Kyn pmt. Onc ca).

Terz bildirart sz soci yyasinda istifada olunur: .. .3 xorna
)"Il ITC!l h Jl p iITBO p iIJl 11BC1' b - apya llJaIIKOIi CCn CMY npa uo na
H3 CJJYA<6bl Il O 1If3 1lKe? - MCllH

rn-rcu ny (Fcpsxuii: )~CTCTBO , XII rn.). MC)K.uy npo'utxr, npnurcn

urauo- m o J II :l K O!\l hl i C JICJ Klll lY nc 'rroa uni ' Ul HOD/ IH K MH TKCuuu, .. .cncrc xnii J\HlnOJlo H l{ CJIOHeK (LJCXOB. Cnazn.a) . La qeb
kinu isl.nnn isdir: ... JJJ;CCh' HaM paccsaau aamt, ' ITO KaKOTo ynanc u coroporo ~a3aKJf uenuuaror ICp'1CIJoii Hl amcoil nee CT aR lI T
BBelE J1I101\1 ( J ICp MOIHb B. (n aU IIM ).

CYPI,ml. Stlrm u. M. Fasmc r, V. Rad lo\'a istinadan gstoril' ki. bu leksik vahid kn m-ta tar mansof szm@ s zn da n olub,
sr (boyamaq Illlglpmak) kkn dandir. Azarbayca n dilinde
surm u sznn g a ~a , gzu akil<ln (gad mla rm) gara boya,
mo'nasi ilo yanas r (csrma OX o landa ga:;;a dJ a ka rla r, goza
dim. digor ma'nalan - kiln YiJvi cle ment, tax il xa sta liyi. rong ad l
(~mayi ran g) kimi mo'nala n (ADil 4,120) islunilir.
J~ lIS

JIJna, cm

dilinde hom isim, ham da fc'l kim i islanmededir.

JlJ13a, 1Ii10CJIClia fir- ma 110 YUl II , nncyp v n ena

CMYrJli1i1

KOT It KOfi Oii llI all O' IKe - ITplI~ IO Jla MellJl ( rapu ll lIl . ((rJ POIlC 1l1CCT-

tl )'llIC cmlOj j MIlC )l{ a Kco li (I IYWK lili . IJaphTllJIlMI-KpCc TMIH Ka ) ;

Bll e).

I1 BOT
Bu trkizm

rnaIlKa II Cfi llJ1.II:-'I Ktl

$<J klinda

nad h sz sac iYY<lsinda istifada olunur:

h;)d i i

<l ilda

bblJlI l HJlH He m

qa -

KOlJl'hl -

OHJ IIJICT, lI a p YMHIICJl fl<l}!, C lf:le YIH IJI CIIIl MM Il 6PO BlIMII,

B Ga pX <lT IIOii

llly6Ke

JI lIICrOJlb CI\O KOTIf KOBOi W<lIJO' I Ke -n p llMO

IIa "'CII}! ( l"aplI lI lI l. Hn p Ol ICIllCCTB IIC ) . . . :n o 61.IJI KaK paJ TOT

c a \ l l.>l ii .TO!l<lp Jll II. KOTOPI ,lii B rm,lIIaJ lUt 1J0 IKJt'-lKJI Kpan n

I iI06pr.>rlO." (>If. lIJ

,11.. 1971.
lntfll/;>l "

6y." ."fX"~o.'tJ ",,'a'),"

". C.IOGJmCH H

HJ'~""-' . )mll."O" ' ... " H I ~ i(h

10111)1('('6 (1 JkJ.-CIf WC<('.l " lIIm " ~'c"~ l~ :J'illml'"

rVO/HO ~ P .l 'C/ W O.1I Jnf,W I' . ( 7 . 19,8. .\ ..5. ,}I

~"()I'~ t'~'IH " "J"WIlf Il '- 0-

~ I"' ""' ~
~ I

61'0011

a TCllCpb, J .-KC 1'aJ BO)11n' 11 BCT3 BJl}lCT ca l\l)'lo ym lB lf- '

n :m,IIYllI J1I11 ClII ll ty (JlCCKOB. OT6opHoe JCplH:m).
( ~ '1 n lll: l.

-===_

Rus dilindo moden i termin kjmi gCl1i ~ islakl ik ta pml!;'<.hr:

11111 1.

D TIOp~tC, /KCHa B Cy p MC

m aq: . . .ou CIJ}leJI B 30 JIUTIICTU)I, CW I)0 KHOM cn au u u ar oro 'lep-

( r~ls a,tal<l r ~0zi~). .. . . . . . ' .

Y zillikla r bo yun ca Q orbin ~arqd;J11 buhrulunib ak z t.:,tdIYI
gcyim va bezak clcn-.mlari. S:J'ldull ya y il ;H~ kOSI~.lC Ltk<.I . "'11 m~a
lori Ho bagll bir mlahi za ila talll ~ olmaq ycnn o d u ~;,)nh . BOH.l 11

M)')K

I)ocqlOpc XOJIO.ilHa}[ . l l,DI{ c C<l/l,II>IC ;\t.tTlCll hKIl C

x u KYJlalOTOj B py a uuca x.

Muc o -rcnt.

llCB~J1j.K~! :r~'P' I,a J ~.

u paturrca. KOl )(.1J!l..: Il O.IJ\ ,l

_ 1I0.rrP0 l",
'TOK, DbIXO;:U I 113 Bollhl , c utc B O l K::WJUIX. U PO"A'<l . m.rru -

aCT IItlCIICX nuuo 11 T~ lIeTcR Ja 1\1CIIIK<1;-"1. J10C raCT OTl )'; Ia 'I~p

~hll

xapaunatu 11 6 hlCTpO nonuejnrr rna-ei. p Il C)' >1 }[BIIYIO ucpry

rnaaa IlO nanpaanciuuo K yxy. Il a p ll il IH KH J ~ ~ 921 J1~ .IIaJll l
casroe 11 naau uann :nOT rp llM I10Jl T)l)llallKY (J1. E.. bCJlo] c pCh: a ~l
OT

M.. 1990, c. 14)..

." __
.:
ilk dafa rus yazrh manbulorinda hu sozu 1 J(,.l.u
'11.1 rast ga linir. Rus dil iudaki qaditu trkizrulord undit - .(.lqor
alayi ha qqmda das tan cda is luuon trk 11l,1ll~3I i SZ\l iuri sindu
Iiy n r a KOFla . I3 0 CIl 0i\f1111 '\II1D I.

JI \ C:'oI'IYC

cem!!!l da va rdi t.
,
D jliuu zda di) incu llcin cu ~uklind'-l i ~ l;)nI1FJs hallart mu -

lurndur:

0/ disin incusi tak d8/yada tnnn diir kern d,'.,u: .

I '

(X ;)I:II)

Inci (jcmcuq ) g iYllla tli da~-qa~ ma'na smd an (. . .nonuoii c-

noii lllC(;" turr xn ft<Cl'-ItJ.yry 11 n p en CCTHl...1C PYK Il fit.m u oGllail,CJlI,I

TH (Toncr o. <<An6CpT) ulnva rnu'nalarmda
bUllzvtm "l
BblIJle )JO K
. . ct .

va krma isti qamatl\:lrind\l istifade cdilir. Rus dilindo J CIl1lH.l

.j

rong pan lu ma'nas mda : Mu c 6 bIJlO ,llBailuaTl. n a - n. net. Y Mcll.H

no cc xn-

JlCCJH

Tbl CR4

ccpefipo xr n ox o n a

ro r na, He o nnoro CCn01"O

X OJICTO~I Cpl~~. 13urada

va d iotclr situas iyn lan n ox u ndn inc i d iJzm keyl lyy llll;j , )SIlSlamr:eToJlbKO )'llblGKa ero , n pll moGCJlI OCTl I 6l.lJ1a 'I TO-: O y'm;
CJ1ltUl KOM )KCMtl Y-.KIIOpOBII O (JlocTOFlCKJl . Hl1110 T) ) . ~anlll ~

Bo noc a ,

nce 3 y 6 bl

sas 'ra nci: ... 0 11

K aK ft<CM4y r ( TOJI CTo il .

CTOR n e p en 3cpKan3M lI. OIO' lIlJ1 11 npll Gp n JI

K3 !'> H1 B cep eGp elUl o li

o npanc

-==== =-- """'lP="

OCT3TKII i1( CWlyii(IlI.IX HOlIOC

142

III ~T

( Lly-

locuomur

11 3

Ca B - (!)paIJCIICKO) . [nci saY(lq barq vu r-

Tora aa fiy rt.mxoi i BIlIIn aa

nrcro CTCKJla aa KYllpnBhlM

Gm:aJJaM Il
GYKCTOM

11 GOKaJI411KilMli -ron.raii n taun uro n (Yeno orada).

dunolcri-goz yas! damlalan, " veac tucu KaK iKCJ\I'-I)'iKIIIIKIt ,

na cc .llJllI IJII b IX pccnnuax (<<HeTotjKa H C3 Ba HOBa ) ; OH
GJICJIIICCT OT 131111<1. ua BIICKa x y nero il\ CM' I)'iKIl II a M Il Bblc r )'IHIn
i nC I

J(P0)lWJIl1

1I0T. )'WII.IC

rnaaa

TpCIIOil010

ro pxr (Fopsx utl. 13 monsx. rn .

XIII ).

T<lllliz. bakir: KaK11

B3lt blXa n,

cro nan, 11

XOTH

aa ary ncnn-

n y . 'Jll CTYIO, K'U" il(l' ;'1 ' I)'iKll ll a, R r o r o n 6hlJI ornan.

:..\UIO IIa IlO P )'K If . .

ecro KpO Hb

(Ceno C TCn all 41lKOOO H e r o oGIIT3TeJIU).

incillcincu szndo truyen bu sz rus dilinde leksiksementik istiqamutda inkisaf ede rak ham do h cyvan larda xasta lik nvn n a d u u da bildirir : ... H<l'IHUaJla r OBOp HTb 0 ~lYM e Ha
r opon cxu x 60ii H RX a

p OI' <lT OI<1 CKOTC, 0 IKC WI YiKHo ii 6 0Jl e31t11, 0

0 11

cr paunto

KOIICI)311JICH ( A. lJCXOB.

Ilyurc-rea). Bu sz rus

ant roponimiya stnda famili ya kimi m hkem yc r tu tmusd ur (Masa l:-t!l" Llsu nin in K lasa us o rinda).
Trk dnyasuun znda du inci s znn mn'na sarhadlori
lulduds uzd ur . ,<ll di muyycn o h mmusdur k i. ( j.M ark va rt,
V.\'.Barlo ld. S .E .Malov , S. Q . K lya~to m lllln aserla rina osasen)
len en. yaxud Ienu - oguz adlan Inci , a sil inci ayr rna'n as mda
Sir O,'II")'a aynuu qndim trk ad l o lmusdu rl . Bu ad lar inc i
s ztmn t rk vvqn do. esten k me'yarlarmda na k imi yer tutdug un<l sub utdur.
Ta 1)Ta. T~ft<l - kntan tox unusl u za ri f j p.Q~ls_a. Mxtalif
rong ti ipa k saplard an mi lu-mi l va ya xtrda zo laqh toxuma texnikas I us as ruda haztrlnutr. v sasa l1 ~ arq lka lnrind'3 istchsa l o lu
llUl". 16-19 <l~ rJv r d ll t ana istchsn lJ Aza rbayc311 111 ~(] maX I , Tb riz,

Bak! V;;) s . ~vhvr l ~)J'j nd gCll i~ yay ilnll~ d L 17- 19 asrla rda
A7'lrhaycall<.I;1ll Rusi yaya ixrac olullan ma llar slras mda tafta
parnl;J1 Uil var idi (ASE. IX G.. s. I65). Dilim izda pnra adl kimi
( ' ;)Il c .) .

- - - --

- --

'11

islandiyi kimi qadm ad t olara q da ta sadfolun ur (C .("ahhar ll11111

Sevil a sa riuda pcrsonaj ach) .
Rus adobi -bodi i di lindo para adl 1 imi gcnis i;-;hld ilir:
3aTeM 113 cyunyxa I F'JJC/IOB<lTfJl],JlO Hblrp y <;\Jl OCL . .. npononou
HLIX KOpOGK, YKp aU JCHlIhlX fit tee po er 11 T<I'llT 5111 hl1\1I1 l.lBCTO'IlG.IMIl , H MaJI CIILKHX
nyiua);

5I 3 aC1'a11

xpyrnux aepxancu (K: upu u .

CJl <lB.\[I/C K,UI

MaIl IO, CH]!CBllIYKJ n a UKI CC [(oTOPO IO -'W \10 -

JI OI3Hll LI GLJ.T1a ClJ,BII H yr a CIIII'>D! T,-HllT5IJW}l ', <lIIa BCCK<l (JJcCKO B.

CTpOBHHIlICll) ;

.CT JlJl cc p a60'J llij CTO.' ruc i.pn cuo ro nepeen

C 3eJlCJIb IM TaeJlT}lllLIM ncunc o xr )lJ!}] o fip c'u OB (nCC KOB.

l k

KY-

na).

Ilj ram-r. Stan-i don. Trk dillorin 1;,)11 almnnsdu. Turk

dilinde .ii.JQ!!. (iton sznd,m) - no nm ou uun n VQ S. t
BllyrpCIIHbJii , ucnonnuii wrroH -OllciKlla, Hl :6a (Pa )1J10 B I, 1402 ,
15 13) K aJl L COII, 1IIDKl III C 6CJlhC mo'n asn da uston. ustan tiirk
diliarinin qadim dovrlarindan basluy ara q .n asi r d vruduk h,,)min ma'nada bir 51r3 trk dill arindo ma sir trk , qazax , qll 'g, uyqur, zbak dillari nde islanrn a kdad ir.!
Eu sz rus ba dii dilin de salvar sz l' kimi gcuis i~IHlnr V;)
bunu nla 011un csid mxtoli iyiu i do bi ldiru': Kal nuurat on Jl<l Iicnu c r encpans crcne UJTaBbl, n y nn up IV K il reen II -unt nciictun r en s nero CTaT CK o r o COnCTI-HlI\a 11 rtcpc ncm 11Bbl - uucro ( lJCXOB .

OCKOJlbK!l. ., ). Bu s z rus dilinde lr qalm -q, mtlis olrnaq lll U' uasnu veren ifadau in do ta rki lnnda islnn uusdi r: O <OJl hl\O 'rror
pOllJI CTOIIT? I3 oeCl\lbCOT py 6J1cii . (Dy- 4JY- '\)Y J;aT IOIII K,1. 3 '1"0
lIa3 LIB a CTCll Kyml ec6e p oamo II Ge3 lllT<IJI')B xonn ( LJCXOB. Saf i.tn}. Sten s zndo ki SCI113 ntik duy i ~ Il1;) I;jr boz en haqiqi
cvolyusiya xarakte rindo dork oluna hila r: Hl trkizm da rus dili
lcksik asnun bir ox sahola rinu kca bilru i .dir. Yuna lccva yazrr:
C JIOUa ur rau u

B p c ' 11I OXOT ll ll KOI\ 060311 ; -racr {<UlCPCTk nept.a

Ha BHeWHOJ CTO PO"'\ no r y iEIlf30Tllhl ;". B

.1

qiopxta

06 UJIIBl\1I

xop af inn IJ KOp.\1(,;>,

pCllll

t>10p.\!I\OB -

I C'-I II I\l W Il - c u cu ua.u1 /(!lIll.l('V(;O

J ,]/fflorJ.!KIIIl. IfcclI;rJoC(IIII/H I l O IICJII O}IJI /{lIIlOfJK C"/I.\ '

I?S? c26 7.

I I ~ K(){,' Sf -XII! ( ;11 ,

.\ / , .

lIuYKo

~1)1/J.,

c.ss.

I',

1 1OP K 1U H b l C PYCC"OM JlJNKe (Ha .uamepuase 1/G3CGIIU U OOe JKbl 1

/.

- MI/rad AdCl. Q IP,1q t nn YOV$i/JII. B ., (GiJnclik, 1997, s. l Of.

145

.", "t;P

--====--

Ru s dilina bu s zn kcma ta ri vim Ki yc v Ru s d vlou

d vr ila (I X -X II a srler] baglayrrlnr. Oudn n ru s d ilin L!;1 Yilll1 li'
trk s zla n olan IIm l)Ou~l p , 1111 :111I.1 sl'l,)ri islodih rdi. 1'flIOI\ II)
tcn ninini I Pyotrun zamamnda l l--llandiyadan l!;JIlI Z,"t!;,r
ga tirm isdi lor. i jk zama nln r, od ur ki, rus dilindo yahu z xsusi
pantolonlan - matra s sa lvarlaruu bc! n adlu nd mrdrlar. Souralar
iso hor cr suro vn r vo ~ l:1Il biryuk ad lallillaga baslndi. '
~- Trk d illa rinde (k uun-t.u.. kara im ] a lma ( Rad lev 3,1892, Fasmcr 4,413); ..a1.w.;l- - tiirk sziidlir, lIl'I'lIa s l ~
b an cal ma dem nkd tr t rkmou va A v. u'baycan dil lo rindo is la~ '==-nilir (Jl " " TP" " B CTJI 349 ).

Rus dilinde ham kisi, hum do qac'm bas gcviminin adrdrr:

Bu zamail diqqati 0 colb edir ki, bu, mcn bo dildo osi! rcaliya
kimi, kediyi dilda isa saf trkizmdir: ( 'Tilpm: K Y'IYK 06BlIThJ ii
t\. 1cKKY M c.1U1 u y.: . (Qnbocdov V.K . K xclbckcro mo kt ub , 27.X I. I R2 5) X IX
aST k ba r qad m ge yi mindo ba s rt yn n adr: al rua-k lobuk b as
ge yim i ru s d ili ab ida lorin da X IV as rd an istifadu ol un ur (Cpc't HCBCKII 3, 147 1).
Basl h ar hans! bil' sya iJ" aJll1<lSayacl baiilama q : ouu
. . .HHm p aa n ep en o cn ox r C xyrram, s Il O CJIOI.lOii a.1JICC ncussur tlaJlMO KJ, IJ 311a ... -roro. ' IT O nOCCTII JI c ea r !.JC ereera

,
,j

f.

uas , KaK ' lam lOii, noncr cnuexr (5YIIIIII . <<3o lil'a 11 Hancpu n).
Gcnis me'nada: Il a ~I Jl T H II KJI COCTO.llT O('LIK lI OIl ClI IIO B eTO ! IUax .
y p an n srx Ka~l cHlI O IO 'l an M OIO (cdIy rctuccrunc 11 Ap3PY/lf)). V
ra .) dcdikde Puskin trk-m solm an c.nui yya tindu mos hu r ~x
siyya tlon n lurkan Q as dtl ~ la n ll l ll d a~d : ll1 al mal l slitun larda n
yarul drgrm nnzerda tutur. Hamin 111;)'na<l :1 Ori boycdovdu: Ka/lllllJ
e 'laJlMaMII (Fl yr ceu e aanncxu, K ph l ~m )
alma ilo ya l1 a~ 1 X IX os n n kbor ge yi mini l ~ ~:ki l cdon
turban (t rb an) sz q ad m bas gc yimi .u u'n as.nda gc nis is to nmisdit. Avropaya yuy ilan, 0 cmlndun . ' ra ns rz dilindo do kcnn
trb an trk d il i n d ,) k ~s :ii ilo ~l i:ltj,,,d :m h (J),lX: j\,1.] '" '1<;
mcr, IV , 136); Turklorde yalmz k i ~ i b;:-;: gcyi miuiu ndrdu : ()(j .
I 1"/(,"'-<11.06 11. P I'Cc...-ue QJ(/IIII.1 I'1I mHJpKCK~O IlPO I/C.tO.JK'd ellllfl. c . 1 11 .
: Mcc id !J<.Jl,;ru.- l" u,\ 3n K li f boytanmn J"Cf satan rcrinc srs snrms. Trk dnX3S1
Ar.1~1Im'31.1fI" Jargisi. .A:'3 9. 19Sf .\.171.

~~

147

~~

-====---

II

xi ctncq rafik zang in liklari nin mila 'yyanln sdirilma sindn hir aydmhq yar adrr. Bu giin de bay raqlard a sa re f cyni zam anda ugllr
nisani o laraq saxlaml i b islen ilm okd odir.

lqor alayr haqqmda dasum.u la va 11 72-ci ilo aid l.av rcuti

salnamasinda elka-o lka KIlCTh

113 J ll a MCIII Il),

bunukoda 1];)-

min ma'nant dasryrr ( C pCJ HCBCKll ii 3,1487) . G rnr qadim tilrklardo kz!o yana ~ 1 at tkud un eb tug \' ;1 bunuqa taxrlan qotaz
dzo ldilnu sdi r.
(Sahla, .l wibl3 . K ay ma ( ha ~ i y) iJk da fo 15S9-Cll ildo
Boris Qoduno va aid sun odlnrda rast gnhnir. T rk dillurm duk
i
kayma sznda ndir (Fa smc r IJ, 16 2). Ru s badi i dilindo bu s zdan gcnis istifada ed ilmis di r: B CCPC)lIIHC CT05lna apn c'rospa
-

n ul. .. Marpcna

n a BJIOBHa B nC p e JIII B'l 3TO:o.1 JlJlJIOBOM IIl I:lThC 11

c noi i C l.. a 1\IOIO uiann .. . ((UOCKP CCC III ICH) kiiltme
-ka, sifbt

(Kn CMO'Lfll hJH) ,

fel sokililori ilo: C JJa BlIO Iln n Il CJ II O, - CKa 'l J Jl o u:

nepenn eu sars. Euie 11 I..:31'mco BKPYr. K TO 'HO

- He u y.. .KHO 11
TaK II CK)' CHO CIICJJ3J] K3C;\IKY (Torom. . Mepru ue n yu
ur ) . I-lilrak at bildirart sz kimi : . . . lI C6 0 Jl b IJlJ H GopOJIKa TOJII> KO IH,aii~ UIJIa.

-racn, n n ua . .. (BOC KpCCCIIIIC); Mopc uc npcpun u o " pyrulll HM C.H aanaun OKOM.'1lI .11O Ge per ( EYIl Il II. ljcn
m ): Flo HeeMY

nnany

apas poc: O KOJIO r onouc . QI,o i:o. l.lIUUy npnuem . m .tx CTall KOB (1Ioc.LlII IIOK); fJ p CJICCTll n H

COJl,UaTb I CTO.HJlII

~ wocee . . .

KPJTJIJ.H GYXTn OI.. a ii1\IJ I('III1~UI n.;e JIThI MII Gc p Cr :l

MII , JIC:'K :lJll l IIC (Kynpu n. Mopcs ux 6 0 JIC3 111: .
~ - syrra: sz trk dillerin dun yayrlrru

n OllBII JKIIO

s s zd r

\
I
"

(Fasmcr 3, 6 1 1-6 12; Drnitriev 543). Sz rus dilindo Sl X- S IX i~ I\Jl1

makda ndir: )lJl}l :o.1IIJ1or o )lPY'A<Ka 11 CCIH.':'h':Ic a 113 j'lUK:I Iatalar

s z); 31" 0

311a 'IJITb

eaccnn xo-reuu, ' lToG!.1 Ma tua Mupouo na xo -

n nna K r c c B CYMCPK II, TO RMCe-TO IIC)E I! h IX CT111l1KO

H IlO} !ap" c f
n ap y ce pc r ( <<KaIlJIT aIl CKiul JIO' I Ka )" rJl.IV). CC
PCJlO<<1 (kiilun o.
zi zlama ): I; aphJHIl JlapllJIII cc, Ta nJ13T O'-lKOM, Ta cepC"''''< li\l
ll
(CT3IUtI l01lIlbli CMOTp ll TCJl b ) . R~ dilind<J l L'x n iki
t C min b mi

biri<tsdi ricj ha11 laY<Jri d rtjl Lld J.

Ka .' I~"I" . K a hl llli:

trk d ill,llllUJiJll alllllll<Jcilr ( l' as lllc r IJ.
151 ). Rus dilindu 159-cli ild Jll q cyd;..:, a l lll m l~ (CpCJ lll' l"I l ' Kllii
I.

11 70 ) va mdi yc qad ar isla nmekde dir. Dmitriyev bu s zd o t rk

kOl " sz kkn va - ll1g t rk sek ilcisi ni g r r (qab, ayaq n
futLvi!.!:-!..:<!J!:ld<._Tiirk. di llarind e ny aqqabr Ka6JJYK HJllf 60Jle c
BhljICPiK ;1Il1l 0C li lO lI CTi lll CCKIl li 60JICC HOUOC Ka6-Jl
b1K MOrJlO 6bl
oma-urn , n puuann caorocr s 06Y8l0> , sacn, o6YBlO>, ]fJlII
aupacaact, T CX llIl'!CCK IIM }l3bIKOM , neran s 06YBll ()J,MlfTP
lfCB 55 9).
Bu sz rus dilindo S IX- SIX islonme kdcdir. cDp a lll l Y3KHH

MCp JIIIIIC p II OJl ;UI

C:o.1Y Ga UJMaKIi

Ka- '

e xpacnu en r Ka6Jl)'K aMII, ron y-

GI.IC c px am u c IllT;H! l.I , p030 BhlJJ adrran u, UJIITbl

i nccrxa su:
(A p an I I CTp <l BeJTII Koro) ; CT<lpHK . . . nO.lI.lIl1BllJ II Cb
Ha CBOIl XYJ-l bIC
uoru. CTa]] 1I0 1l0 )l<lTL 11/111I B CTO.HBlU lle nonn e rpysr ryqW H Cnc-

pcnanm.n m Ka6nYKaMII (<<XaJl>K 1J Mypar ): Kabluk birbasa

ayaqq abt ma'n as mda: .. .rcpoc xn nonyo epuyau mcs nanpan o
K

A ncK.c31WPc B aCJfJlbCBII C OH nacryrran na '-I)'fKHC xafinyxn

lf

rtna'rt,a (KynPIIII. MCJlI03ra) .

Rus antropo nimi - Kanyrcoa, 3aKaGJI }"-lHblll familya lan

hamin szle baghdrr.!
I'lu na x - Azo rbaycan ca pap aq, trkman ce papaq xe z kisi
snpkast ()lMIITp Il CB, CT5I, 541). Rus di linu, ni sbat e n ya x
m
za manla rda kc an ttlr kizmlor dandir. Lcnnon tovun se'rle rinda
(papax) ckzo tik termi n soc iyye si das irmsdrr. S zn XIX a srda
Azurbay can di linden almmas t g z qa bagmda du (Dm. STa,
5 12). Rus dif lcksikasmda horbi termin V~ mumi bas gcyimi
adr kim i OX rast gal i nnn s zhsrde nd ir: Tema Apccnu i nan
eucr

GCJIYlO xamc aacxyro lIall a xy Ha ronony 11 T CMHO - CIIIICC nonen e

Ha 1I0 c . GYllCT l()'P,I)KIITC}l B rpmcmp c ( P CKJ Jl\1I3I1l
t);

l; a ' n o-.la ~ nJ S dilinu tr k di llori vas ita sila daxi l olan bu sz

uI\. b m~ll siJJi di r Baxrom a - urob dil iudaki p1 aq!!'-D.~_~~y.~Y!!9!),

i ~ I i)Ill,)li dDsma1 szndu ndir. m--b ovezl an masi nat

icasinda
rus sz huxrum a mcydan a ge lir (Dmitriev 527). UaXTOma rus
di lind o har han s, bir mc xrncr saplard an haz trt anrms sa aq ma'~
naSlll1 vc rir. Ru s bnd ii d li nnllIll<'l\v rinda bu szn ham haq iqi,
I 1I.111J,:t w .-I. HIJ.'. '.1fIm .ltl 5 00 bulq;lf _ 1;11.1r. lilrJ.. .1.'>1111 siil;Jk. 5.55;
f;lICKQ"OO H. p)
c. /n9 J10.

" "lil' </k.l." ' UIIIIIlII(" " .;n -n,'o IlI"mn o.lfnJ,,/11I1/.

<;;;, ~

149

<!i;>

-=-=====-

r:
hem da meto forik maqamda islunmesi faktlanna tcz.t cz rast
ga linir. Bu s zn a lava ma'nalarnu yaxs t duya bilmok n
on un heqiqi ma'nasm da is landiy i mntnlu yanasr. digur muqarnlanna da diqqa t yet irak - C IIJIC lI b51 KY'ICI'<l, cut KY'fl'::P 11 rpHllhl Jl0 urancii yxpauteust t(BCTaMH, nap-roti H Iiaxp axmii (A.lICXOIl .
O CKo m .K H M OCK UB CKOi i )!(]I1I IIl . . . ). IOOKll nu I 'cnpncr-rc uc
6 IJJn O, nstecro HCC ecxpyr rtosca ancc na ll:;IH lIll all H uacras 30JlO r as axposra CBCP K<lBIIIa}! npu K(\jKJ IO.\1 cc )IBIlIKCIIIIIl ( Kvnpnn .
13 unp xc). Osyan m xarici oxsarlrgma gra mc'na krlm uxi:
Evi n di varl ann da n qan n strstralar so klinde . sa aqvan <lS!lIlI<lSI;
Cner Iiaxpmroii B UCH T na n OTOJJO'-lll l,IX 6PYCb5lX GJ1CCTJI T ncac
Il bIM nueesr H a OK pyrJlOCTH CTCIlI-Ihl X 6pC13CII (KYflJlIIH _MCJl101ra] hrmak to runun tavandan sallams. : B BCPXY, MeIK)I)' CTCH3 11-1lI

J[

n OTOJI Ka MlI , a c e rna BI ICCJJa cupan , lIhlJILIJa}l Ga xpo l\llt

unasi cx ovun yaradic thq s lubuna IllO XSUS c lan caha tle rde nd ir:
l:iaxpOMK l11i noxyrnn r OJl(JR OH, nOBaJHUI C>f np)f){{HHIIhlli rarpac
II

IIOCKO PCC

YKpb lJ1C}J

nYXOB LIM OJl Cn JlOM

(exov. Gsterilan

\) SUI~i ).

Paltar adlan qrupuna aid ctdiy imiz sz lerin demak o lar ki,
hunus r zang jn vu maruqh i slo nma x susiyyotlerine ma likdir. Bu
da h a min szlenn rus odebi -badii dilindo m h ka m , cyni zamanda sahit m vqcyu rnal ik ol dugunu gs ts rir. M os e la n. XVI II X IX eerlo r rus herbi gcyim inda as as y er tutan za bi t pap agm da
luiuk mo'nasm da islonona su lta n .szn gtrero k. Bu s bhesi;; sultan almnst ndakt fulu yi xatut etdrgr n bu a d o sy a ila
hirlik dn ru s dilinu kcmisdir. Bir ne a n m unaya ba xa q: Hama
ronua COCT(HlJl<.ICJ, C/l-JCCh ' tcpru.rx {jJpaKOB , Kp y r JI bl X UIJHm" r pynanaxvxupacapcxax tienux xoncroe. cY JJT a HOB H nazce
xnucpon (Jl opcp. 3anl1 CKII IIIOCi-l. Bp cM e IIH ); Boofipaxcaro AJIeK-

'3H II CKH X

naynu u.r (KYJljJllH. <<I la nOKOC); Paltann khna lib e te kla rind a n sapl armui rklm osi: k hno paltan n grns: 3a ll)'llio i1 H l! r pOUl a, Ka6JJYKli Kp l IBr,IC, Ha IllT;U WX GaXpOl\I 3
11 nrax xta'n.r, JIl IK CJJOBIIO C06aK31\1 11 l13r p b J:JClI (A .llcxOll . ! la
KJIaJl6lIllJe); U OT OI\\ OH nO CMOTpeJI nn eBOIO WIllICJI!>, ofipc'san-

caunpa, napr, jJHCYCTC5J 30J IT bI M, B r om veekof xopoa c, \([0cynap t, apxo-cmnu, C ccpefipo ra, na neparo p - '-Iepli LI M C 3 0JIOT hJf,.1 a IJa roJJOBC ][IJJeM C 6CJlhlM CYJITaIIOM ( K JTlpllII. IOHKepa).
M asir dvrumzdo rus dil in de urxaik loso n bu s z banza t-

npOLUJIOrOLl.H Cii

olaraq marnq h brr soraitda is lodili r:

IlYIO , TQKC paan r p5J311, no KOJICIIl I, C IlIlC IW Cll 13111 13Y 6axpol\Ioii

I1h1

C 3aca.H CIl II LIl\lH IJ paCT5JHyrLIM I! n e TJ15JM >l 11 B3JlO XIlYJl ( KYliPH II.

I"O p C,

Ito cna ao x).

Qus dtrn aqlan me'n asmda: (f Jly\ apr,) lll cx 11 )]\ rIllOT-' repm.re, cmtn a CBCTJIO-KOpll ' llleBa51 C CC.uOBJIU,\lli IHIT1Ia"1II . a
lI J ! 1l161 HX noxpt. rrn KOCT5lllOl 6aXpOi\I0 i ... (Kyn pu n . Ha rn y xa pc).
Kiiltma sa ki lc is i ila bi rlikda: . . . K)'l1 IlJIa erf n OJI CaIlO)]\KJl
C KIICTO'l K3 MH TaKIIM H C fiaxpoxm-ucu C Ka6JI)f'fKa;-,JlJ (J ICCKOR.
Borrrem.aana). Sifat sokilcisi ila : Ha OllIl HX cTe6JI}J x Ka 'JaIOTC5I

eYJlT811bl 'ICpHOJ'() ll h l !l-Ia ,

pa3BeehlC TLI C KHCTO'IKH C KaK Iii>lII -TO

p acm .nrn

Y3CJlKaMll , TO' I-

HO .uepCBCHCKIIC MOJIO llKIl B 6 ax po:\I' I:lThiX nOB03I<ax

<I-ICKY-

l1a ).
A.eXOVU Il
fam liyasl

dxtirm> asarind<J mlih,muis, mlki IllLi ~a vrin

Baxromkindir.

bldii aSGflarinin personajlanna -

adi, kiik adallliara ma i~at a~ya lan nda n fam iliY8 d zaltnmk n' <!i;o ~

J50

me rOpO JlCK,UI

n CJlTp

CBaJIKa K(l)KJl LI

nem,

[lO'lCM Y HJ )J,eCBCKOC
n OllJ IH MJ CTC>f B Bc60

T5JllyrC51 '-Iep C3 ,E!,Hcnp, npOH HK3ID T B

["OPO/Ia (c t'ravda qoz. 17.V.88).

li a lll.llLIK - Bash kndan rus s z shk dog mus dur (Fasmer

I. 1] 9 ). ~Ilk - zi rus dilindo ox dan mst eqi l derk edilib

mvnim sa ditib isladilun sozdr: ...l! zmacc Bcarpn-rc H CYXOJH IKO rn l-t ,l Il TC B GaGbCi\l ~ IJIJl hIl{ C 11 JJaBp OBOM DeHKe ( EY HJU I. fCH-

p nx ) ukr. slik. ken n x az. li sapka; art rq X V f-X V II osrlerden

pel vak dilindo (szlvkjkearak isloni r (Ye n " orada].

Dnutricyva gra bashk sz trk dillorinde osas iki me'naya Jllalikdir: I) Ra i~ ; ba$l (bu JTI<) 'nay a h v la O rxon abida larindo
rast g,,\i llil): 2) Xsl1si bJ$ gcyim i. Szn bu l11Q'naSI vo v$)'a '
Zll T iirkiYiJ V;J Qal'qa z n xarakcrikd ir. Grniir biz onu Q afqa Zl1l tr k d ili Drinoan (ol a bi lsin Azarbaycancadall) m;:)nimsemi ." k (/1' " 1111110" I IK CT )!.. .528).

JSJ

--=====_

.'

I
,[

b.:

I I

XIX as r rus badii m atcriahnda rast gnldi yimiz lJ a ~ I H I har

ycrda geyim nvnn aduu bi ldirir: O rt nart Mll e KYCOK CYKlIa, li'l
xoroporo 5J C llO MOill b IO xaaaxa ClIIlIJI ccfic lllapOBnp b] 1I Sauu n.uc
(Hj-l.Mypaasee. Jnn r : KH) .
Rus geyim mn daniyyati tarixinda bu osya rnh m rnovqc-

ya rnalik olmusdur. Ham kisi, ha m qndtn bas gcyimi kimi

i~l,)

dilmisdir: Anna n ma, O llYCT1IIl r OJ10B Y J1 urpas KI1CDIWI (~

m.nca (Anna KapClIIlII<l, I '1.).
"-/ ~[yKjl - u x a/~a rus dili nde uy ka - gundeli k gcyim

I
i

adt kimi xsusi ile XIX esrde gcnis yayrlnusdt. Rusiyada 19

esrin SOHU, 20 esrin avvallarinda sc har sanatk arlan, alvc.uilnr,
kund lilar arasmda gcnis yayilnus tnd mahudd an st kisi gcy uni
(EC). 29 , c .251).
Oren .. . npnrnamaer 3a CTOJl K ccc :3IJa KO M bl X : Ka Kl l X - '/0
p bDKIIX M)"A<IlKOB B 'rynyn a x, K<lKII X - TO '-ICpWJHbI X xtc ma n

B 'lyil -

xax (Eynun. (,ITOJ.l.ClIelKlllIK) . . C/IllIpC H IIC IICpC J.l. lICJlCTOIlCJ.l. l l Mh1MII cY,Uh6al\lli 11 -rynoe, 6C3 rpanuu noc Bhl COKOI\lCp Il C nepen
I\lHMO npoxoJUIW HMIl 'l yiiK3MII It uccrpusut llJJ,lTKaMII ( vicxnn.
Flauaxnna).
Aza rb aycan turkcesindo qa dim s ztord endi r. K DQ Jas tan[an nrn dilinde cbba - cuga sere i geyim maqunund ad rr. C b ba -cuga irqab gcyrdi (X boy ).
KalI 3.J:'C - qan avuz . Qanavuz - al- e lven ipa k para 14- J 9cu asrlarde Aznrbaycanda (Samaxr, Gen en, l3asqal va s.) yayrlnu sdi. iki nv vardir: yngl , zurif nv bur sa, agir nv tafia
ad lamrdt (AS E. Hl C. , s.37). Fa smcre g ra ucuz ipak para
farsca kanaviz sznden yararmn sdir (II , 178). MOJl O)J.'Ul BC I{'-IaJlaCh B lllCJlKOBOM K3Hayce Il B1I<.I KOJJKC lI3 6apXaTIIOII.. CllllCJllI
(<<Eernh1c B Honopoccmm ).
r ~.p_JIlm:. Te rlik - Rus dilindo qlsa qoHu dar xalat, kaftam> ma'oasmda ~ludil ir. Tap> sz ilo bagh dlr. i\ltdan gcyili r.
Alm yaharinin altmdan qoyulall I1k d\:! terlik adlanlr. K m m
tatarla n va trk1ar da cv ayaqqabJl anna terlik deyirlDr.
Gcyim: qadim kaftan. Kor.ua KOHCTi1l1TJlII i\.KcKO Il P,Uk
CJlKaJl 00 MOCKOBCKHM r OCTIUIl>lMBTcpnHKe . . .BO BCe1l1 :H O M yc-

--

<l; $,l;;'> .15 2

-====---

MaTj1 I1 HilJ/1l np mnaxn naunu aromcrocx B03POIK)lClIWI pyccsoro

nyxa ... ( b .lI II'I C]1IlIl . BOCII OMHIl<lIll15I).
E u a u .ra . EJl;lIlP - cnli. qo Jsuz qadim plas . Slav yan dillari
alonnnda gcnis ycr alnusdrr. Qadim rus dili ndo epana ham de
[ I()[( POll, 1I0JIOCn, J1 pH ca n nx kimi qadim ma'na dasmusdir
(CPC"lI ICBCK l li i I, H2H) . iqor alayt haqq tnda Dastansda islcncn
Iurkizmlar srrasmdadrr. Dastanada .HnOH'-III'--[a kimi islonon bu
sz dalm sonralar rus -varianu cpana, kiiltma seklinda cpanee ka $ak lin,) ds r.! Ep nna st gcyimi rus meisetinde ham kisi ,
ha m da qadrn gey imi kimi mhrn ycr tutmusdu r. Hatta
A.Ostrovs kinin Vas ilisa Mclentcva kimi tarix i dra nunda Pyotr
d vrii 1\ vropa gcyim merh olesine qederki milli qadm st gey imi
kimt vcrilir: (v asi lisa}: Yunnnun, CKOpO. H nc B TaKOM napsne.
110001"3'lC H C[[ all'IY, 11 Jl eTIIIIK JI H3D:CI-lY. I-1 IKcM'lyroM ocu rrJJJ OCr, C l"JI OBhl.
Dig ar rus monbalo rinda de bu sza rast ge lirik: 11 Tyr-TD
finnee nccro J1p060B<lm l cc651 1l'l.1UII MOJIO,Ul(e Ka3aKI1 . r opeBlJHlC )KCJl<l llJ1CII I UO Ka"3<lTh cc651 nepen CTaphlM II, nOMCp5lTbC51
Ojll111 un O}UlIl C 60iiKH M H XBOCTJlHBhlM JIHXOMKpaCOB3 BIllH1IlCH
ua rop;lCJIHBOl\1 xone p YKaBaMH cnau -tn (I'o ronr.. TapacEynsa). E p a n a sz tarixi dvrlerde herbi gcyim novl orinde n
biriniu ad! obnusdur, bu da bu st geyimi nin ha min rna isetinde
tutdugu mhm vazif<t ila claqadardu (connar) )lpmK3JI OT
X0J10na 11 xyrancs KOC-KaK B CKYLlHhlC H paaaae JIOXl\IaTMI qJOpl'IICHHo/ cuu uc -ucn (KpCCTOB CKUii B.B. Ilczm, XIV); mumilasm i ~ h alda har cr list kist gcyimi: .. .XOpOIll O 6 b1 BCTp5lXIIBaTb

(Yena orada, qI.XX). Gstardiyimiz asagrdakj nmtllKld,J yaprncm (epana) lrk izminin mgay isv n bir
vasil scil1ll8S d8 maraq1Jdlr: KorAa HaKOll CU, CMY nDKa3aJIOCh,
' ITO i\1Q)KllO OTJ1OxIly rh 01/ IJO)lOUl CJI K C<lMOMY Hapy, pacIlaxuYJl
1l11111CJlL, IJaI(CTYIO Ha II CI\I 11 BIi ).l.e el1all'lII, ua 33;meH nyro Bllue
(Jl.ToJICT oil. PyG Ka J1CC (1 )>). Epana tlirkizmi bun lardan alava
bitki vu hcyva nat alvl1l ino da <gi ianar nvlarindan biri (enaP YI!lIl IJOBY c ua ll ' lY

I '\/('11,'(' (" I( ,.

IJ()CIl10~lIbll' I'.U!.1rI'III/11

"

(C~O(ie ... ) c. J8R

I;

I
I

ne .nraa unumx) va molyusku n bil' n vn n ad r kim! dax rl oln

bilunsdir.! Rus fanuliyas r: EJI<l HCIUJI IIK OB no pruoii . K( HOPt>1 il
lUllJl IlJHpOKIlC rurannr cnun.m. 3B~U ICJl. e lJ(Ul CIIJIlIl K O J\l. ~ F. !) o stov sk inin Serscri asnrindn ;ld,Jbi p crs onajtarda n bi ri gen era l
Epan ind ir : H craprury rC HCp aJI EJI ,Ill LJ II 11 , Ka K acc u uu.ccr uo
GblJ IO, )f'-13CTBOBaJl B OTKYIJ3X .

Kap -run. Kat-man. - trk dille rindon ahnn us dtr. (:;>anski y

2, 72). Turk sz ka rman ki so . pu l saxl.una q iiiin unta mu'na-

dusnrusdrr. Karma n leksem i znn yksak s/ yamuua

faal h[p ila farqlanir. Art tq XVI usr in onal nnn da karman Sii/ iill5111 1

dan yarannus karmannik (uacrcp no

CYMOK)

Jl:lI 'OTOBJ1Cll1 11 0 IC1P"I' l ll (1!i.

dalia sonralar qramrnuk dcrivatlnruu Kap,\I ;\1 1I ll ll l(.

Kilp -

xapaannr va s. o laraq gcnis lun dinuisd ir. ' Rus

Iarixinda rca l soxsiyyut ad i: Novqorod pos adrn kinin adI 1(0 ]1Mam, olmusdur (l 343 -c itc aid 2-c i Ps kov sulnamuxi): l53 -c ii
ilo aid sonoddo - Acrapxancxu ii Ax 'rada rast guliuir. Humin
MaHH H'IaTh,

zamanlarda Karmannik luqob i dasrvan Iarix i ~ UX SiYYd l nlmusdm

(Sax : ll.lauckrui 2, 72).
Tarixi ctnoqrafik alamononn.. griJ ynuasrldtqda gcmnuk
o lur ki, evvollor paltarn tikihuayan kiso, torba ka rman adlmurdr .
Ela bunn gre do rus dilinde L!.CP;Kll xap uun ya xud (<JIO}JCTOBJ151i1 KOWCJIL, }J T c6c HaChJlIJIlO }..\e H Cfn ifad"lJori yarantl bi l l n i ~ <lJ . 4
Rus dilindo bundan ba$qa kann ak (qarmak) ({ KP/O'lOK
trkizmi da i~lodi lir (Fasmcr 2 , 20 I). Awrbaycan trkc,)sindi.l
alla bagiJ qarpmaq qannaJalllaq -, q arp l~ maq- , qar])l$dlllllaq (ba ~
ga fonctik variant lan : qapmaq, qamarlalllaq. <];I])I$111aq -, qap l$dlrmaq) szlarind;:)ki llla 'nay a fJkir vcrdlkd;) aydm nlur kJ, bu
i ~ J ;:1f, hor;:)k<:ltlar aJin i~tirakl ij;) ba~ vcnni~dir. A7:~lI"baycan
di lindB alla bagll qan~ (al q a Jin ba ~ barmag m Lh':Ulld,lll ycaiu
J 10110-1<'('(;0 f'. A . TIOPJ..-Ul.Hbl

,111jJ, ,It.

1 98-1,

(I

P} CCJ..W I

") 1>11-",

I ml .11<1''''."1'11(1.'1,' IW J"<lilll i l " ,!<'.lI f 'd " t!

<"-33

::. A .C:I' IICP(JIiCKWI Jin P(JJ(I!!

JIIlO p rCCf.:II C

'lw ,,'lI.wlI ? fla_n 'a

iI

lInUiII,

banung tn ucuna (1'1<!<-11" olan masafa (A D i L. , J ,440). J3 ir s rra t rk

dillurin du, o cmladon, eprg lZ. kasq ar dillorinde q ar (olin yuxan
his sus i), cratevca qa nlg (Radlov 2 , 132, 150).
K nO- da: Yayun karusuna burakd u (X boy) Oarm qadim tiirkcu. ul (o vuc ) dcmak o ldugunu mandmei dnlil vo aglabntau mlah iznlurlu tusdiqluyan prof. u .Damirizada qulp-qurp
(d'lSI,)k) sz nll kk n du qnns s znde oldugu kimi (qaf

(;, 1) siiz ik) bal ayrr: Bu szn ilk nnumosma Elam dilindo
y'17. ilm l~ nux i yazrlannda rast gnliri k; orada qarpi/qurpi saklinde
is!,)Ililm~ bu szn clomonasmda oldugunu hamin szn OV<J/'i lliJ fars diliudokt Iurcmusindu dasta. yazrlmasi sbut cdir.!
Rus dilindn karman uvvalla r torba, su mka , <H1ta rna'nasuu
da ~l s,l da indi paltarnt bir dct ah , osas h issolcrinden - clcmentlarllld ,) hiri cih mo'nasmda isle dilir :
PYKli CYHYJI B KapMaHbl ,
(Fopi.su . )lCJIO Apraxtarroasrx,
ru. 1). Xsusi sah a s z. tibb i tcnu in: yogun bagirsaq divarlanrun crbc cr torhalan m a.~, (karm an}, karman ram (yaradakr bos luqlnr} CC PJU/, V. 822.
);aov lII. Habus.lba busa. Rus dil i ila yanasi alman , anstz

Jl O KTll IIJ IOTI rO Il plDKi.lJr K GO KaM

d il]ilrindu d' l islunun hu sz Fasmcr urab 111<J11$<:l]j hcsa b cdarak

Korsuu vaxt i!o bu s z Iiirk sz hcsab ctmesini da az inandmcr
oJ du~llnu gs ronr (Bax';'F aslllcr y,I OO). Lakn sz trk dilla rinin
bi lavasil ciicl t;:) 'siri duy uJall bolqar, macar, slovak dilla rnda
tlirk Ill;l!l$,;li sz kmi qa buJ cdilir. 2
Sz ziiniin trki fonctik zall lyini sax lamaqla yng l
aY;:l qqab l, tu ni c~ idlal"i llll<.) 11 biri kimi rus dilindo i~lodilir: 13ce
IL\ !Y UJ CCT Il O cro CO CTO}]J1O 113 Ga Gym , KOJKalloi! CYJ'I 1LI H JIXMaTheB, KOTOpblC Cr-. IY lI C JCl\16hlJI flcpCMellH Tb (Kynpl!!l. CYLlh6a).
Kil abda mi.iiJlJi fin z qcyd in;:) babu~ - <:Jrab sz , arxasi
alq ay aqq<lbm - deyv gstvrilir. 8adrvddin Aytac arab dilin Vi)
Ii. l!lc,)],n iml kcul} tiirk sz];)ri inrisindv papun szn gsta ~
l

t 'N 3. .V' IO

c, 101
.' IOIl<1,li'C6(1

f'.A., r(lillay)u!I(J

f'./ ~ 0

C.,) o 6 (} () [; p a'lf)f," III<'.'1I'i/(//i " P O( ).l'l,t} i !I ,;! " ,,' lII iI

11II1't '

{),>IIII/\ "I/,I(/;> J, 5 0 s7. .\", 5 9.

J..'O- l lOrI a PYCClW.1f IUblke, C()(i(.'IIICJ..W/lllk!f!KIJ.'IU,'WI 1 9S5 . .-liJf!, (". 13

4 .nea Ye ll!! IICJ..'I'; CJ()(I(I <) c.70fiax.

.' ( hl/ h l/( I\ l

1J<)~ e.I I1' 11,' wliI~e ?

154

c. 5 -12

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--====-

r'O{JKC IIJ..T }(III,IICII/{!O(lillllie 6 C,.'1(I6m (I<I>"1I J/3 blf.:e, COI!CIJlCKQn II1lOp Ko,lO,' u n,

/1) 1-1. ,,\ ~'5 , c.-i5 5 1.

15 5~

':
"

rir.! Amma szn areb di linde islunmasi b il' ox mnlliflurin

fikirlarin i yamltnusd tr. Babuc turkman - Kurkk folklorund a
da r ast golinir:
A llah bir y ag J,'" cte
Dam - divan Y<1,' cto
PlJ:;" ,1 qJZJk condo
Psbucnn Y:I,'" c/o.:!

n cr) ; CMOTpllM H3- n O}l KlIGH TKH, Jl3 -3a xourxn. r BhlJl C3aCT IIbIC O-

KHil ' {Cn O BCK B Ka m \ l h IUKOl\1 T Y.ll )' II C TCI\lllhl M CYKflO,,1 KpblT,

aa

IIC

suncn

uonrto ncau .

(JlCCKOB .

lpaficac):

f-1 11KTO

runcm--

era 13 ilP yr OJ\I KOCT IO i\IC, Bh IlOll O' I(\5I pa:Hlc TOJ ILKO

Bpe:-lcHIl npoea.aa uaprn~ ['I B KP bIM, KOl)W 113 JlCi\1 6hI Jl cmmii
Ki13aUKlII ,T,YWlII (Forens. Maiicxaa 1l0'1!' nnu yronnctuuuta) :
Fcncpan .. . ClI ne JI B TaTap CKO :\1 IJIC.T IK OBOi\1 xa.1Ia TC II C Il aIII1 poc xo B p YKax rmn 'Jan H3 CTa KRllU B CCPC6P51J-l:\ 1 nOjlCl<lK(111 HIIKC (BOOKpeCClllIC). Ona c n xna C r o noii u o rn -ra'rapcic nii
6a lIli\I<l' 1OIC. , (IJYIIllH .

B Ta K)'Io

IIU'I1,) .

Paltar nvlvrinin ba'zi qrupla n z l ikili~i l1,) gra milJi

lKJllSubiyyatin i aks e tcli rirl~H . fl p l Jlll !!J1 I! OC/l. lOTpCTh Ha l!O ] CXY
KaK Jl C-TO llell3BCCTlihJC JllOJ.l.1l nO BOJll,II O npIIJIl[llllO O){cTbiC H IlO-

I Ba.\'.. R.Aytac. Amp /a!Jcc!crilJdck i lrkcc kc/imckr. s lOS

-' AZillvdycan fiJ/k /oru an{(l/(lf.',yasl. 11 c. s.. 77.

156

yrunu (Yc ncncxnii. Opa OlllW MY c'rapyuucy) . Nmunalari nde

vcrdiy imi:: sarov ar, sa pka, feska. $alg, tu lup, jupan, xal at, bas111<lk , crmolka szleri ila istanmis tn'yiucdi ci s zlar etnonirnler
onlann ctimolog jyasuun da d ag n meyyenlosdir ilmc siua k mak ctmisdir.

ll..rbi sa heyo uid szlar

Gcyir!e bag h turk mcu se! i bil' sn-a szl onn rus budii usurlarinin dilindo tur k, tatar, qlrglz va b. k. ctnonimlorla .stonmosi
de m sahida olunur: I30Jl OCh! 6 bIJIl f 0 6 CTPJt IKC IJL I B KP Y;'I\ OK ; Ha
HeM 6 bIJI oGopBaJIIILIH a p M5IK Ii TaT<lp CKII C map ouap t.r: IJ CClIHX BCTpeTHJI 51 Il yr aueea: U H 6J,JJI O}lCT 1I0 JtOP 0 )Kll OM Y, B ruyc
H B icnprmcxo IIJ::lIl K C (Kann r auckan 1l0~JKa rJ1.2. ); ~hKI I H a B
XaJIaTe H B T)'11CUKOi: (!)CCKC , CT05In uocp cnn ne opa, ccpzurro
TOllaJI norauu, paauaxuuan pyxaxur ( '-l CXO B. Yllpa31l Jl IIJHl); 51
aau cmn a, -rro umtaauue .aann oparuana OCOOCIlIIO 6CJI(Ul T)'~
peu rea u urant - IJ fipnnnnanronsrc ccpr.ru (T .I lacccx. 113 namni x

am . xr KyrnaKoM

ut.re ('1I6 11 I>KII , H 1I0 l'J I>J}lCB ucxiuoro, paCKHTHK ona a c e ny6JlHKH
11

-=====_

Uz un illur boyunca turk harb S,111;) ti dnya harb isinc

muk ola hilucok bir m vqcyn malik olm usdu . Trk larin sanutlnri , ricarotl uri, zv qtcri. yndkleri. aralannda gndilzlari

va gecolori qonusd uqlan hurb l11VZUSL\ oldu. Belace turklar

ho rb sonotindu, yunanlan n i'<:1lsa fa V8 elmda, inlilor in sonotda,
ba duvilarin saydrgnmz xsu.s larda, sasanil arin dv let va sivascrda <JIJ;) ctdiklari de rcceni alde ctdi le r.' Harb isi trk xalqnun
talcyindo a pane l mvqcy u rnalik olmusdur.
Turkn yagmalllgl, dy ske nliyi , fatehliyi uzun illa rin
larjx i hadiso lori ilo m h kom tasdi qla nmisdi. Klassik trk sc'rinin yctki n mqayisnluri nda szlorin arastuda ki alaqe bonzeyen
va banza dilan arast nda cyni kcy fiyyat, a lamat - yagm athq , talanrhq cynidir: g zn t rk kimi kn l qapmagr, nargi z gz larin
trk kimi knlu sikar ctmusi, dof trko qcrnza larden misri qrhnc
vcrmok. edaletsiz qan tokmak va s. herbi te sovvrlora, bashcasr
turk zvqn.. osaslamr. Ycna oreb cograya snas r 81 Cahiz
qcyd cdir ki . turk torpaq st ndon cox , at beli nde m r keirir.
OLIm ki, at! ilk uh filasdirun trk bil' ox d ys vasiralorinin de
ilk ixurat st va yaradi cisrd u.
ij k dy~ sil;lhlanmlan abn, trkn ziinn icad ctdiyi
OXU\1 Ja lrki lasavvii1'da ycri brvd r: as ki trk ca miyyvt yaplSl da oka c!<Jyall lllaqdacl1r. Y.Neme t oguz ad lnlO okiar
Ill d ' ll a SII1<l gJldiy ini ir;JJj slirm;:lkd;)c!ir. Nitekim an by'iik Wrk

I ()/ (';'/Jl7. Xililf," 1 (lf<.)If' llI/ lI li lII illl-lbclcri I 'i" fiiJff:mil zJJi"{fcri (cvircn: Ril lJlaz,1lJ
S ,>",,). f lirk !rriill Ahl,'111II1.1 Fllstitlltusu YtlYIII/al1 A nkHfII, 1967, JJ, .<;.68.

157

-=====_

lI'i
"

\~

I',!

....
bu dilin b t n tan xi inki sa f presesind o ua za ra ar-

boyu olan og uz lan n daha das tam dovrh.riudun 1.", l1a n 1l1 I h }/

tiu l,

ok, VB U ok o lmaq Z;Jru iki hi\yiik kola (lvnld l{: llll t-'iirm kda yiz. Boy-qob ila m o'n as ma I;!" !'lll hu ok )':llnI7 s tlah dcvil .
cyn i za r nanda . sinwol .... L raq bil , j,: :'1,11" i l;lda cuuokd.xl ir I
Aynca gtrs- k . Azarb.tycan dilindo bete. tan xun horbi
term in kim! formo .asnus va islok hk qaz an nus (1:,ru'III. ~ :l t a i!. :llI .

pan I1I" qCY" rnalik uhuus. zonginlosa -zeng inlssa m asir d vro

ta h u r, a xruaq . r fong, cli , n nh nyi , l1lil1lJ :I ~J . lul' . s ii h: '~ 1 (s q osun) yaraq . rilma n. ordu Vil digor leksik vahidlor .. Ir , ,I,. 1;II"S.

rus va

S.

dillaro kcmis. harnin dilferm isluk dil \ahid l:lrind cv-

nl misdir.
Rus dilinin halo qcdim qatlannd a trk men soli ln.rbi leksik vah id la rin c ld ug u bir ho qiqo rdir.
Erarmz m lap avva llarind un baslnyan rus dil! il.l q.nluu
trkloriu - hun lar. xazarlcr. bu lqarl ar. sabirl.. m u va :0. thl l.,rinil'
q a r~J h g l alaqasi vo ardmca K iycv Rus dvlu tiuiu 'lii rk-pccncq
bir liyi iln hn rtarafl i, SI X t <'l Il1 <JSI. nehayut X 1I I usrin orralannda
Qlzl1 O rda arhg l va rus torpaqlarmda xanhq hakimi yyut sisteminin qu ru lub barqerar olmas t na ricosindu rus di linu tiirk mansol i h orbi s zte ri kema sj int cns iv hal o laraq g ctoru r. Dia-

Si lZli ltl

l(.,d.IJ" .;!a lih apa bilmtslar.

T a" " II. Tnhnr qad uu rusca ta bur. uk r. di lindo tabo r d Trk dillerind an a hnmadrr. tabor trk d sorgosi kr nnl at. tahur YKpCnJlCJl IIC 11 3 JlOH030K, aqat. tap kur <tYK p CJlJ1ClIl IC . labyu/. nosc, orp ajta (Radlov. 3, 953. 978. 980) Pasmcr 4. 7. A zorbayca n turkcos ind e at thq va m inici lik la bagh
tapqrr attn yoh ori vu qa rm al ttndan kcan qayi s sz diga r trk
~<"Il"g".

dilluriuduki yaxtn variantlarla soslosir. Rus dilinden basqn bu

rabur :;;aklind. l urob dilinn do kemisdir.' T rkca tabur S-

SI.

z ara ba lurla uh at a ulun mu s dsorge (m asir anlam da desak,

batalyon ] mn'nas r vc n r. l raq trkmanlan nm Arzu - Qo nbor
dastatunda bil S()/. 1 ras t gcl irik:
D l 'tmol1g i}ldi tebtr -tslnr dztldt
AIIJlIJJJZ;1 q;Ir;/ y .7Z1 yazJldl
j

Ti/b;; icad otdu. mordlikoomtau

Ggri othnc qmda p.7ShllJlllaiJdl.2

lekttarde bu s zler gcnis isle nmck!o nis d ilinin osas lan nu uygll1l l a~ araq

tcz fikla an las tlan, zu ruri vahi dl uru c vtili r.

Harb termin lori es asen rus tari x i dvrtnrila sustusuruk b,)'-

'I'aho r s z csk i Hasq trd ~ ta ta r mu skuni Yckat cr inbu rq

vilayat indu suhar adtdtr.

Rus dilinde hu sz

n~ag l d n k 1

mv'nalarda

1X I~

zilvri indi arxaiklu$siJ da bunlalltl hil" OXti yiizillikl\Jr bnYUllc;l

bu di ldo Qsas vah id olmu$dur. Onlal'l ll arx a i kl il~ lI1DS i di lin (izniin hoyahn ictilllai inki$af ilu bir dilyi$1l1 D1Dl'i sub'Jbind\.l1l olm.

d,)sta l' lr. b[klm; top lt! dit~i:lrgi.:l Inv' nasmda:

<d qar alaY1 haqqmda dastalHld akl tiirkizm lill'll,lll b'lh s ed,)Il
N.Uaskakov onlan n s1 raslllda c;lGJ JlI , Xapa1Jyr. xopYrHr., 'J11111<a.
WepCllJiJph , JapXall, cynap . KYJlac . AJII1 KaIIYc, 6or ,rryp. pCBy rll,
an 6cp bl , 6m 'BcHb, 6(Hrpb. IWJl'ltIr kimi llilrbi 1cksik vahidliJri dil
gslerir.2
Qad illl rus lllvnbal arnda qcydn allllaraq ilk ibli dai r llS
ha rb tcrminliOll"i i:Drisinda fal mvqc tutan, hu qabildiJll 0 1<111

G;m) ; JloJlrt) fk,KlJJ 0 11 GC3 ormrJI KIl lIlC)KJl:)' KaJall KHlIf Ta6 opoM
( Y cn'J ol"a<l;l); Cpc: ur Homl Il CTO llT .. . 11 rpc60BlIUK JfC Ta6oph!
\ b CrJl LIC I1 I lo BOp OCCll1m). UzJmi:lk, mvqe tulmaq; Imrbi nizalll-illlizam: I' Op 1thi paCll O.1J O)]iCH bl 6bJJ1 H Ta6opOM B BlIJlY.. .
(0 riboldov. BulqJ rill') IX2};ci il 27 iYUll tarixli ma klub). K,
d,)S[il : Jlccwl'lm TilG OpOB coGp a Jll ICb BMCCTe j{ )f(JlaJi ll Ilcpcnpana
(T. l lacccl< . I !'J ll;lJlbllllX .'leT. 2 KH); Q a ra l taholU : KaK Ublr alJ -

Ihrahim ..1tay . K CII J.1T1k C;; J ..UkullJll t7<nnc,! I :.,u 'h \.(' ,HnJcTII. I)Cf ~icr"l.:.I~I: 11.'1 1991. J. 8/11 B.u: (,no :m' 06 H TIOP" T/CtIH _TeKClI lW f> .. C"OIIC " ""11"'" " ,,'(11'<"11(' ''. .\. J {/ /f15 _

I /l . '.\ r,Je. " I I,lr Idlec/' 'lfI dcki lrl. ('(' kc/ imcla. lVA, istafJblJl, /994. .~.12J.
-' IJ,,, K .../k l. 1.,/k /ol1l ,1nto loJ!iYil,f. Bill.I. A rrmI;-'~r. 1990, s./5.

~iran.

<!i;>

15R

-== ==--

J1pOIJCXOlU1JlIl B l'1II0 P C){( CKOM T::;.5c~lC (rOrDJlb .

'1> ...... -"

~

159

<!i;>

cdir: hvrbi

I1 Jl BJI)KClI lI C
Tapac I; YJl b-

illYlll

~
cp-- _-====~

cxn 'ranop , p acnon cacunn c v o nn y no pc ru (Lynnu. lid Kpaii

caera).
A.Ostrovskinin C chizsiz q17: pycsi nd u K mun drs cv nis anhst Larisa run ata cvi - -' od ab -urkundan UZ3q ycr, q arar tab oru
adlandtnr: (Larisal .vJOJKCT 6blTL 11 m.na n ctcu Ta op. TOJlhKO
B HCM 6 b1JIO, 11 0 xpaii ncii MCpC ucccno,
CYl\ICCTC nu m.r ) \i.iT h
-rro-nu ynr. JlY1 lUlCJTOrO ra o pa?

Hom qa dim-ilkin. h,)111 do nixbutnn sonrakr a larlaruu S, I larrus bu s z rus dilindo sila t kimi da i$l<:Jn ir ra opur.ui. - a .H , -oc.
Masir A zorbaycan turkcas inde SZ yoni dun va(,mda$llq hqu qu
qazannns, dilimizdak i ahnm a batalyon sz n s lx l.~d l l'l r;lq 1";)al harbi leksi kaya daxi l ulrnus dur.
JjYWI YK. Bu u uk - At tkiindun hazul annus aypara tormast ohm, saaqh ali hakimiyyot ratuzi kimi gelman ;.1SaS I, ukrayna dilindo bunuq , polya k d ilindo buncza k (trk hayrngl $~) k
linde isladi lir. Krim tatarlan dilinden alnnmsdir . Ann bogaz l1ltl
baglanan boyun ba gt . Radlov , 4, I S! 5); Fasmer. 1,24 2). Bunuk
15 ~18 asrlarda trk pasalartu m, l' olsa V \1 Ukrayna gctm anla nnm
va rus kazak qosunu atamanlar nun liakimiyyaf romzi. At tkunda n sacaqlan vu iki gms qotazr olau 2,5 metra qndar uzuuluqda k ravi va ya sivri uclu dos tok . 2. Byk hn rbi ork csulord o
ky! musiqi aloti boznyi. Tug. 3. Al boynuna baglanan b~I7.<J k .
(ASE , Il , 352).
Tug - cski trk dvla tlorinda h kmranhq bclgclcr indcn
olan sancaq , tug galm asi iJ", ifada cdilirdi . Tarxi bclgclcrdcn
anla~tldlgma gr\) tug ba~lllda bir d;:m1B! al VH ya yaban Slglll
quynlgunun dalg alandlgl va ipi:Jk quma$ $aritlarinin asd] bulundugu bir gnderdell ibaroldir. 1 Tug-ucuna at qllYll.lgU saagl
b<Jnu ollman mizraq ; hakim iYY;l! ram zi. Orta usrb rcl a bir lugu
oll11aq-sal1caqbayi; iki tug - baylilrbay i tug-pa ~ <l hakillliyy,)tini gslarirdi (Bax ASE , IXc.). Dilil11i zin Oguz blga dalll$jgmua tu g~h a l11 da qa 1111~ saaqla nl1dan hrlZlrlanllll$ YUl11$aq sprg8
demakuir.
I A bdu/bdlr UOlluk. id.1ri-A skcri ln lli1l1 FC {cri mn/cr. isfilnbu/, / 988. s.sx.

-=====-_ ~

160

.",~

Sozn osf boyun/m oyun kkndon yarannus bonuq

(m uucuq} (bezak esvasr) leksik vahidid ir. Rus altnmasmda grndiiy kimi sziin b ilo baslayan oguz fortnasi durur ()lMI1TpIl CB.

CT5I 53 1).

Buncuq va lug, har ikisi turklordan ali hakim iyyat nisani

olaraq ruslara kcm$' va rus a da bi dilinde da h akim iyye t nis ani
Vu simvolu kimi isle nmisdir: Ilpen 6YllllYKOM I1 GYJIaBoi M anopoccu csorn nnaut.ucn: J( nor uu all Kapny nOJlO/KHJI .GYll'lJ)'K
f!O K ~ P J1 LJJi (IlywKI1Il. Ilnn'rana) burada tamamen dvlet nisani
va SIl11Volu meqanundadr r. As agida misaldak r sz harbi vezife ni, im tiyazlan , hakirniyyat l te rini tcyi n et maya xi dma t cdi r,'
j .l,Ba rc ucpa.n-n r.tc ccayna H r CHCp a JJh llLIH 6YWI)0T<HbIH CXa.JIH
I1CJI Cj.l a a I"CTMallOM, 6 )'11'J YKOBb lC TonapHlll H HCCJJI1 6Y'llJyrI1
(Tapac J.)YHl>Ga). BOT ero rtp nnuc xa: Jla, HaK)'}JarreCHJI aam
Tpcx6YJ I'I)l)KlILli ttatu a, Bam npcztnomrrent., sccnroeancihua
reucp am ()J,aJlllnCBC KHil . Bnna); I' uski ni do Pctc rburq bal lannda vo ziyafa tlnrin da qndm msayotinde (xanmn ' ~a iki
bnld tz r ila) grn nlor onu zara fatl a bunuqlu pasa adlandm rlar.
(B ax : B.13cpcc acB. nYW KI~ 1l B )1(1131111 . M ., MOCKOBCKIi pa6o'fHi1
19X7, 0.462).
Vn au. V IalH> szii qndirn rus salnamale riuda titul kim i
islonmis dir. Oodim trk lardn Og lan ~ z os as mo 'nasmdan
basqa sahhq s ron ailcyo men sub clan qohum, varis kimi mo'nalarda IXI$ cdu biler.' L 'Iu quscva X esnn sonu x: asrin ev v.allori nQ aid olan As lan Uqc yar iJkmda hQmin szn gstankJll llla'nJsll1dn i ~ la n diy in i (tarco18si : BhI XO)laTCTBonarru ncPC)\ OrJlJnml 0 llHYX n Jl CllIl IlK aX-COrl~H11u ax) gsterii 'vo diga r
lll\)Jlbalur\l mra ciat cdurok (Pa)lJlOB. 5IpJlLIKH ToxTaMhlwa H
TCM"P Kyr nyra. 31l0PAO, 18836T. III, c.9; Pa~noB. OnbIT cno B<J pJl . T. I, 1023) bu bam do qana\Jtilli m hk\)mladir. Zama n
keu ikcLl ulmH> sznn mo'na sl dayi~mi~dir. I Pyotr reformalan epoxasmdan b a~IJ YJ rJ q (bu zaman niS nizami ordusu yaraoI TY~Ylile(/a .n.!O Hp,nllm yi!2.lPCKUX KII JlJe 113 PY K O/Jl I Cb Il 0 20 co6po IIIIJI 110 HBA/{
eet!'. ll/{I/ 7I<)pKO_W;'1I~ ('O<llIi c ()f!IIII". /971 , AI , l</-iaYKO!! , 1972, c.248.

1 61~

maqda idi} ul an sz yungiil kavalcriya XSLlSl alaylarnnn nufuri, kavalerist ma'nasmd a isla nma ya basladr .
Bu sz Byk Fridrix znmumndan baslnyarnq nlmau ordu suna tatbi q olunmaqla barahar, alman dilin o. 0 cmludun polyak dilina! daxil olmusdur. (Fasmcr, 4, 158). Oglrm s znn
scm antik dey ismosinin (harbi termi ne evrilrnu) monb alorin i cl\!
trk dilloriuda axtarmaq lazrmdir. [Iaca de onun hurbi termine
evrilmosin i Trkiyu-Osmanh mhitinda du lnss cdirik. Bizim
hildiyimizca, arnq t rk Ycnieri ordu sunda xidmot cunck n
kiik usaqlar qapah ha rbi maktab olan Oco mi ogtam mokt ehinde oxuyurdular. Onun ycnicori dvrndo oglan a~ag l hurbi
n hesab olunurdu.?
Bu s zlo bagh topladtguntz dij materiallau iurismda
YJIaHCKIIH

oqJH UCP,

ynanck uii nO JIK, YJlaH CKa51 Ca 6 JI51 , YJIcUlCKllii

IOIi Ke p , JIeii6- YJIa H ifudele rinin islandiyini msahi dc cunok olnr.

Ulanov, Ulanbckov rus farniliyasm dau Dostoycvsk in in Stc panikovo kandi va onun sakinlari Qor kinin Mnni rn universttctlerim , Ostrovsk inin Tarbiyei: oserlorindo istifudo cdilmisdir.
Szn Avropa yu yay tlmasr-Ia tnrlannz/turklurm Litva q() ~lI
nun da harbi xidmati ila baslacr . Litva knyaz r Gcdimin tatarlnrn
rus knyazlan kimi vcr gi vcrirdi. Hom do onlarla yaxtnlasmaqdan
akinmirdi . Ha tta onlan z qosunu stralanna xidm ota de agmrdl. Bels ki , Tefton ordcni ile olan l J l S-cu ilduki savasda taterlar
da istirak edirdi . Onlar bu d ysda Gc climinin q o~unun da n Slram tuturdular. Tat arlar sonrak l illrua dI) Litva j(v cosur vu s;)daq etli rnttefi q idil ar. 3 O gla n - Aze rbaycan uilin da h~1l11 UQ
igid, cesur ma 'nasmda Vaqifd<J , Q.Zakirde , M .F.A xundovda va
s. i~lanmi ~d ir.

Gcnis trk adlan cografiyast nda ras t galina n U lan Udc,

UJ<ll1 Oom . Ulan Burqast (13uryatiyada dag), Ula n Bator, Oglan
Qula .Ag cg lan, oglan, Km mda dayisdirilan Uvlan, Uglan
adlartyla bag li yer adlarntda ulan sz vardtr.
EpTa y.T1. Ertau l, avanqard doste Qodim trkce y orta -

yul (Fasmcr 11 , 26).

Ertaul-koh nalmis herb i tcnu iudir. Yngl ath bly
Moskv a dvleu ndo q o ~ u l1 un nndo ycrl i seraiti yrenmeyc va
kasfiyyat taps mqlan ni ye n ria yctirmoyo xidmat cclirdi . K azak
qosunlannda kusfiyyat blmosi; avanqard qaro vul montoqosi
(CCPJJ5I IJ, 1270)
E r ta u i xs usi heraki ath b ly; qosunun avanqard h isse si . M o nqol-tatar harbi taktikasuun va q vve le rinin toskilatihq
rnuklnriui n to'siri alnnda rus qosunlan nda tatbiq olunmusdu;
tatarlarla olaqa ya qedc r rus qosun unda bcle blklar va tabii ki,
bclu bir tcnni n do oimauusdt .! R us kn yazla ruun monqo l-tatar
taktikasr ndan qatiyyon xuba rlnri yox idi . A vanqardm hcumunu
oulur d y sn ba$langlc l, gc ri nki lrn asiui dsmenin qarsi - zlorinin ugu rla n o lara q qobul cdird iler. >
Rus di linin nis boten qo dim menbeterindo sok li celietden
csli varian nn a uygu n ola raq 51p TaYJI isl en m isdi r: Korna )KC CTpa-

(a Ha IlX 513bI KC - noenozn.r IIOJlKOB) ncpcnoaoro nomca,

xoropsui X0 .LI.UT Y IIII X aa }lPTOYJIOM ... U ncpcxpsrnn sce nynr

TIIJlaTb l

(A .K yp 6cKHI. l1CTO PIHI 0 n eJlHKOM K}Ul3C MOCKoBCK01m) .

r<ll ar crtau1 : TICq c p CKIIi

p a l HI51 c pTaYJlh Hhli BOCBOJla Haan THXOlIOBlflI H a 3 HMo B

fl ocncllIIHi !IOBTIK, '1.2, m .l.).

Tap:lll. Tara ll. Divardq DIl qurgu

grn r (CpC3 HCBCKHii 3, 925) .

Ke".93

M IJl ,

"'"

162

--====-

(Jla-

)J{C' IIIlIK OH.

T.1r;; JJliJ ~UIII:lll.1ni?n aydm a/ur k i, bu lkiJlimll or du/:lrlllJd x/dmnt cduJI x/slIsi
!/rk a!ay!,m 0/;':1 Ol,'l,1!!. U/,lII b!k lar;nin adllld.1!1 hll tCrJlIIIJ {'IJS difinu di) kedi.
B a.>:: PYCCKlIIl 1/0CO_7 B Cfl/(/.\ll '.7clllcmfJ I I I/(JP('('611 ~ 10 '/cIII0I1 /I C,'(J OIlIIcwmc
O e,IlO/leKlI 1tl! I1i'p lI l1 H(1~a/1O Xl'lfl 6 . , c.132 ; Ni l/ml Vcy ssm:Jnll ((; 'C/ll~"crllcr.
OSIIJ.1nfJ <1skcri tqJ.., Jat/!/ 1lI tcdqiqi!) (trkcyu Wrc/llJiI). TD lim\ dcr!!i'l~ /9?3. J\ f,)'.1
{sJ9-54). s43 .
A.II;I(}'lkIGCKII J /eKCIiKG /llIOPI-;CKOlO 1i1'001t'.\o.)/(I'II1Ii' '! cllwpu8e.o/ 'yc c"0,\1 !iJlIlI

Son -

MOIl aCTbIpb BHOBh YKpCIIJIeII Hbli, OX~

Metal

ucluqlu tir

(CCPJJ5J XV. 112). Rus dilindo illanon ilk (rk me nl a li h"rbi

tcrminl<:l rdvl1 olan bu sz ilk dafD ipatov salnamosinda (1237)

/ CUP OKO/I C Il IOII

cfJ./ ~

lJcl!lOjJlIfI 60CIIIIOII jl CKClIKlI 6 PYCC"O.\I JlJhlKe

X/)''VlJ

66., (,l!uy -

.11. J970 . c./Y4.

2 rpCKOIl

!I.E.. Jl/a .l_\lOl011ll11

(}; .r/). MI/p lIC/!IOPIIII,

<'Y>~

J6 3

1'..17.

--====-

Bedii dilda tarixi m vzulara hasr ohuuuus u S,)r[,ln!;l i~ I;J

K o ~ s zndan tarixi rconreunii sz yararur. znda ar xaik mozmunlhr saxl ay an omcnort SZ qedirn rus di li ndo
({ o (iO :~ I~bl i i mn'nas tm dasryrrd t (Cpcutcncxn l , 1305).
1
Kn ut cuo f :n !\1<1II qosun ata mam Zaporojye scdn 'I e sun ielara reisi. Burada ordu idarast (qorargah) kos (dserge . ie-

dilir. Turcruta aarpa zu-t ; nna pn nyra ctp axca; -rapau crcnofioiuu-rii
Cunt 60p01'a OKYKOBCKllli . Pa3pYllJ CHIiC Tpon ).
..
Tam arxaiklesen bu szdun dal ia sourak i d vrt o rda bodii
dilda suf banzotma vasitasi olaraq istifado ol unur: [To nna] }IIHl rana ct., TOtJllO -ryn o s unuua ii Tapall orcrynna 1I uac'rynaa
(Topr.xn . )J.{1I3Hh KJJI1i\1 Canruua, IJ).
.
Bu szn inkisafuu tarixi planda izludik da aru q arx uikl usan bu herbi tcrmi ni n c sk i mo'nasma uy g un y cni hnrh i terruinlar
yarandrgnnn sahid i oluruq . I . Dusm an gcmisinu zorb u vunnnq
n dy s garnilarinin b umun da dcsici lussa: 2. D ~ IlKl\l tuyyaresiuo (tanktna, gamisina) Z,Jrb;1 vurmnq un d yi.i ~ 1 '1~;Y'l r,)
sin in (clace de tank trun. gomisinin) vinti; z korpusu ilu dU ~l11,lI1
tayyaresinc vurulan za rba ; 3. Dusman cobhasinin dri.nlikiar ilF)
qadar iti p az sakill i y anlma ; bu omeli yyeu haya:~ kcimn zorb o

qmpu va s. (CC PJl5I, XV, 112- 113). Rus familiyast

Kom. K O$. Rus dili abida!arind,) kO$ V Q onun la bagh

KOWC BOi KOllICB llhIii szlmin,) 146R-ci ild;) rast guli nir (Cpc:m cBCKlii 1, 1307) . KO$ trk dilh::trinda m vqqat yurd, k~}mi d~mgas i, h a rbi blme, qO$Ul1 Un alahiddD cllstGs i, ll1Ull1.1 t8 P<"
yeri na yetir;)ll adamlar" qrupu, nal1ayot btn lavaw r.....,. il;)
birlikda k; harbi d$<lrge , uho z, z8porujye kazaklannlll dU$a r(LI,M.

CT5I, 538): VI B3JlB en ),

OH BOJlU1lll tllCP ,

b ag lt qcyd cdak

l\

ce6e, 1I

BnJ JlIIlI-lHpa ATJlaCORa u6 OTKphlTl1l1 Ka/l-l'laTKI~.) ...

Rus dilinda trk a llllmalannd,1l1 o lan np"Ko moB1Th SOZ\!
hDr hal1s\ bil' qO$unla birla$1l1ak ( qo~1I1m aq) ll1<./naslill da$I)'I!". -'
CKa3KH)

Kmmda Behy K O$, R om an kos dagl (O rdagI, I

Buxara vadis inda rnv-

cud olmus yer adl artndan K os tepc. a Qrrgtzrstanda K os Tcqcrmen (dnyinnau) V,) s . fakt lara rast gelmok olar.
M onq o l-ta tar herb is indu qO$UW) - b ir ncn tmoni n bir-

Iiy dcm okd ir; '

Azarbaycan diliudaki mumtrk qosun sz nn ta rk ibin-

dak i (0 cmlodan qosma. qosqu . qosul maq ) qo s s bha siz, hami n s z!a baghdtr.
N .Baskakov trk lardo kusbcyi r tbosi ni a tqlayarken bu
's zn birnci Ju ssa sinda ki k u s sznn qus _ .qos ~ qovus
sr av ka, laqer me'nasmr qcyd edir."
J(YPCJd .;;fka zak kendi, k sk, daxma , adir, Qedim trk
dil leri ndon ( aq at ycadan) ahnnusdrr: kuren -iz diham , tayfa, dY$ blyij} ) (Fasmcr 2, 425). aqatay dilina l11011qolcadan

kcmvdir U~ r.I. CT5I, 56 1). TarixDll Zaporoj ye Sc i q O$UIlUl1Un

aiah ddo hissesi , bela hissa larin harbi d~argasi (CCPJl51 T.V,
I K60). KapJI IJOCJlim K I1IIM no 50-d C!fH-I?lI KOB Ha KaiK)J.bI H Kype ll b
11 lIU KaJKllO:-'IY c"rapWHlIe (ll YIJJ KHTI. I1CTOpH.5I n eTpa I). KYPCH!lO ii (B513 IHjH! a}ll,r): PC~lh KypcIIlIoro aTaMaIl a lIoHpaBIUJacb Ka3aKa M ( 1'O ]"O.l} h . Tl]1nC EYJll,6a).

OCTaBHJl lIa H ' l e - p c Ke )' CBo eru KOUJa C CJ])OKII JIII MIi JI10J l f-,i\ 11!

(llBa

k'i,

man/Unnan - mall if) Zeytuu kos

Tarnnov

taran ha rb i termininden yarannusd u. '

Ru s di linde harb sahesinda m hm anlayislan bil dira n
t rk mensall s zlerin kamiyyat va kcyf iyyat tarqlori ; huminiu
stnlklcri rnaraq doguran haldtr. Masulo u harbi d$vrgi.:)
(nareps} ma'n astnda rus dilinde trk dillerindun alm an ko s, ku re n , sa t er, s ta n, k oh ma qa , tovn r - alt i s z vard tr.

g'" yer>

lila) adlnrurdr. Kourcuoii ara xtau KOC1'~ rO p .ne CHKO npnacn CBOI1X aanopoacnc n KMnaenc (nymKI IH. HCTopmI Fler pa I).
Tiirk Dnyasi co grafiyasmda ras t gelinert kos sz ila

I~.A .

Eyww(Q(I, {ep.l llll/bl o{iOJI'1I4 WOullle

CeJI('l lll e 11 KpenOC/I111

19WJ,NJ!2. c.31-32.
: III W.'I~/II1 HOIIIIW,(l. ..lt.. /!JiJ ~llf.rCCl>. 1963. c.J6
11.1>1 f)('~'/lC , l /u!J. llIal.I I(I?O/lQ(j. Mup H CIl10PUII, M.,

(j

/IlO /WUI/MIiU

KpbO/Q,

" C ()(l I' IIl Cl-:n q IJlIOPKiUO,'IIf1)J ,

I<I'v/OJIOJaJl <'aop J I/JI!J.

1988.

c.38
I Cynepallc/>;afl A . ( 1'C;1(I (>O,.j . C O(!{JeJ lC il li b /C pycr/>;uc (J; W II171IU
!

Somkolctov Gst;Jrikm F/san: s.1 97.

~~

I 64 ~

AI, JI,,!-",,u, .'')SI . ("8')

l 1>"a",:O/o,-O(,' 1 1.

liil/lY.%i /I

] i W/IUJI IJ

c m(/uHl> lI o li cmpYKlIIype blGlilCi'O X lI (// IIICK O O :ral/-

Cl/UW )), i( C O!l r' // I CKlIfI /1II0 P K ( H O?llJl J).

1989, },gl , c.65.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'1
'\
\

CT3n . Sta u - mveqqcti dayanacaq , d~a rg i) , q O ~ l111 1a n l1

m voqqati davanacaq ycri , harbi d ~arg,), . inqiluba qodork i
Rusiyarun qcza lannda inzibati polis bh~;:)~! (CCPJJ..5,1 X l~:r. ,
c.716-717). Rus diii tarixinda islonon harb i diisargn 111;) nah -aan
termini XII astda n rus dilinde islonifir.
Cran (dserge ) sz kazak kcn di, oba, mnskon, rnakan
mo'nah cr anu na sznn kk nda saxlanr hr. K vn(~: . }"a ~aYl ~
maskani ma' nasmda Rusiyanm ver adlarmda resadf ctmak
mmkndr. TCIIJlbI Stan Moskv aalu kendlard on olmus .
(l960 -CI ilda Byk Moskva orazis ino qatJ h.11l~dlll .N o\'q or~d
vilayetindo 4YllCKHC Stam vasavrs mantaqast , Yakutiyada S(,\novoy daglan VD s. acllannda rast gal inir. ~ .
Tonap. Harbi dserge. Tovar rus dilinde ma~-davar:. rzaq,
mal-mlk ma'nasmda daha evveldon mo'Ium olduguna g.ora fi.k rimizca. tovar horbi dserga rua'na suu ordunun tac hiza iln
bagh qazannusdtr. Rus manbnlarinde humin 111<1'n3da artiq XIII
asrdan grnmeya baslay ir.>
.
.
Szn ilk, baslangrc mc'nasmde tovar - trk clIlh1J1.nd."
mal-m lk omlak amtaa. (Fasm er 4,67). Rus ditinde Vladimir
Mo noma; dvrndo n grnen (X III esr) va hu s~dan yaran an
tovaris (tovar- mlk iyyet , hcyvan; es-yoldas) sz Isa XV esrd o
isla nan vah idlorde n olmusdur (Yene orada. 4,.67, ~8) . ..
.
Illa'rep cadir. adir, tiki li sakl inde 1 ~ 1<J1l 1r, 1~~UV{)qqutl
ev, hkmdan n basi ze rinda tutulau adrr/satcr. l !.o k.l~ld~rh q
simvollanndan biri? Azorbaycan trkcosinda adtr (Usrmzda
drd gusoli adirsan Xatai 2, 12).
. .
,
Rus manba larinda ad lr dag topomml atlr qora, gah dd
$ater qora i~ lanilir.
. ..
.
Sater harbi s<Jfa riarda istifada eclIlJrdl ~ o~u r kJ, ~ah:n, xa~
nm oturdugu adlr get-gcda qarargah, hurb l du~ argD 111<) naS11l1
ahrdL $ahr, ~atcr, ~aton> hurbi svfar adIrl (bu 111'nada 110-

BC CTJI upcercum.rx JJ CT>;-d ~) i~l;:l11mi~) XV esrdon iso aruq kos,

start, iaqcr, oboz me'nalanm bildiunokla faallas rr.t
Rus budii dilindo bu soz gcnis islanmisdir. Flanar ea rpa(jlJ
lI ,ICf\ CBlI'la CT}lJJ a 6Jlli:l 3CJlClIOro IIJaTpa r aKKH naruu , B351Toro
n IIJ ICn na mu,.. jJ{ Ka3aK,u,-/H (fl YllJKHJI. Ilyr eurccm ne B Ap3PYM);
I1Y1a'1OB

urarpc c

Trk Dnyas/ Tanh dcrgi<;; 1990, 10.1'43, s _16.

~ 1 66 ~ -===_

II Cap Cl rrc

06hc:m:a51 co

CTpCJJbuaMU

IICJl hI e CyrKH, CKpbIBJRCh

B cnocxr

(flYllJKH U. Heropus Jlyras os a). TaM

nonaocxonaue, HOLJeBaJI Ha nparopxe B

uratpc HB<llI AJI!!.pceBH'1 XOBallCKIIH (A.TOJICTOi-:. Jl crp Jlepasrq).

Rus dilinde ox 'gcnis seki lda banzot ma 111Oqsadilo istifa-

do olunur; Orcu..

B36rJpaJJc5I Ha cnoro ll IH p OK)'IO

xponars,

Ha

x cro nyro cnYCKaJlC5I ura'rpoxr Klfcci-:iJIhIH nonor C xonsua, npn BUWJCHlIoro K nOTOJlKY (O.fJ.CeMeHOB - T51 H WaIl CKHi. ):{CTCT-

Lampanm r ly; kolpak: ... nOTpCCKHBaJI H W Huaunc npuxpsrro JKeJITLIM UICJIKO nhIM a6a)f(ypoM B
rH'I Jle nra'rpa (KynpHJ-L TJOC)JH IJOK) ; 51 BCC )f()JaJl ee, CH)J51, KaK n ozt
iu arpo , /lO)1 OrpOl'lUlhlM KaWTaHOBhIM )JepeBOM (KynpHJI. r ail).
Eu sz rus mill i san a nn a , me'ma rhgll1a da ken bil rrusdir
Mc'marh qda : W aTpOll lo !ii xpaxr - adnvari mabad tipi qadim
Rusda coxdan axz olunmusdu. Evlarin dam111111 gzalliyina va
csreukasma binanm fasad r vo daxili grkemi qadar k ir veri lon
xristian dnyasmda serqi slubda mxtalf cr yngl va cazi bodar grkorn la gY<J meyllennn, adlrsay agl, qbba van rtk Jar
gcn i~ yayrhrusdrr. Me'ma rhnda adir, adtrvari dam rty
zang q'lvlariniu, me'bedlo rin, sarayin giris qaprlanrun, q llalo rin srnda tikilird: drcl zl vo ya oxzl piramidalar seklinBO

I! IQHOCTh);

ncn erom,

do

ollln>

Ij

(Bax: EC3 , T.29, c.297). Mosolan: COTHH

JIYKOBlllIIlbIX
:o:omo'-HlX KaK

m aTp oBbIX,

IIYJlIrbD BcpxYllJeK-pe6paCThIX, n )'3aThIX ,

IICTYlllhH rpc6eIIlIm, - 6J1eCTeJlH 3 0JIOTOl\f H cepe6KpbIlli

lIepnhJH). Matnde MoskvaJa Kreml saraylan haql11da shbQt gecl ir; ...MYJhIKaJJhII O pa3J1 HBaJIC51 Ha,n: C'-:laCTJlHBO if,

POM (I leTp
Jli OJlH Ui i

I 3. AL HJP Joc(J. l'e02{JW/)l /R (j ImJ(J~mllJL"'t Af " 19 79. c40. 1 5~),

95
: COpoKo,lcmo(J I1c /Ilo{Jllfl tJOCHHOIl .7CKCIl KII 6 {lyaK rm fllWi,e: XI-XVII tJrI. c, 1
I E~rcr Buharah. Tu.iJluk!<Jrda de vIct scmbolltlfl va orJu [c,~kf!.7(J Iwqql!Jd.1 L1.17.! 1I0(/m;

OT.i) h rXaJ I

.llBYM5I HaJlOJKIJHu:u.m

YJIHl{CJf

6acilCThl il

( l)YJlIIII. <<J(aJJCKOc,,).
I

3 BOII

C llI a Tponoi-- KOJlO KOJIb HH

Rus famil iyasi ~atrov bu szle baghdlr.

So w ok lo v. g S(iJrilon asoli, .;. /96.

'"" ~

167 (l;;,

--=====-_

Ka3 aT( - szn rnonsayi adm da muns a yinin va mau subiy yutin in aihb dzgn anlasthuasma sara it y arad tr. Bd a k i, k aza k sznn ilk h issasi kaz adr ila Kaspi (Q a spi), Xazn r. Qnzax
(ycr vu xalq adi], K rzbek/ az bck dag l (Byk Oafq az si l ~il ,-)~
sinde markuzi dag va yer adt) . K a zah soheri. Novoka z qosooe si
(Qazaxistan. Qrzrl Orda vil .]; oxlu sayda Kazan adlan Q nsp ua
(K run da ycr adr], Da da Qorqud da stanlan nda ad r a kilnn mashur Qazh q (Masir Qafqaz dagl oldug u eh timal olunur) ara smda
mazmun, iste rse da dil vahidlarinin ox sarugma grn hc bil' farq

yoxdur. nki btn hallarda szterin birinci hissosi xalqm ad1111

qas/xaz saklinde bildirir.
.
Tarixda kazaklartn, daha dogrusn. Ural ka zak lnrnun qa dim
turkl or olan qtpaqlardan (rus mcnbol orinr!e polo vesten torumu leri va onlann Astarxan xauh guun fcth indon soma ( 1552-l.: i il)
rus canna itaa ti va xidmati haqqmd a fik irla r mv cud du r. Lak in
hu faktm - kazak larm rus dvlat indu h crbi gc kimi isufadc
cdilmasinin daha erkan tarixa aid old uguuu qab ul ct rnuk laz nu
gvlir.
.
K a za k adr Maks Faamcrin gs tord iyina g re rus .fcrm an lannda ilk defe 1395-ci ilda akili r (Fas mcr 2, 158).
Bu szdan t royen kazacok sz do rus di linde sluqa (xidmcti) ma'nasmdadu (WaHCI<HiI 2,18).
, Rus t rkoloqu Dmitri ycv gstari r ki, trk sz k azak adt
haqqmda trk di llari qrupuna aid olan kumuk J ili cia kifay;:)t q,ldar material verir. KUllluklarda kaZ,\K xan ll1 sil ahda ~l yanJ)} ,
harbi xidlllDti)}, drujinn ik-druj inal (nkm) nm'n al<ll"lIl Ua da
anla~J1I111~d lr. Trkiya trkcasinda dv kazak mard, z sziinn
agasm, sarb;)st adam ma 'nasmcla i~l<1n i r. H;::lm da ka zak masir
trk dilindv ka zak ham ki ~i , ham qadm isti st gcyimi, j akct
adml bildirir. Tatanstan V;) ba~qlrdlard a bu milJi,.geyim kuwk i
adlamr. H.us dilind a kazaki ll- k i~i list gey imi, yam nkaft an, c]<1rmaqlarla bag lanan , arxada n bLiz111li V lf dik yaxalIqll st gcyimin'_
deyv rus BdBbi dili lgot[arind<:l qcyd olunur. Bununla yan a~1 nis
dlind<J arxa iklD~;)l1 ka7;ak (yaplllclya ba nzQ r st gcyim i) sz da

~l a nm i ~dir.

-=====-_ ""~

168

Puskin kimi L.Tolstoy da Simali Qafq aza - eenistana

ycrli xnlqlan ram ctm a k' meqsedile k r lms kazaklann gzo ram , hpy au m yaxmd an rnsuh ida etmis. znn Kazaklar
osorin do onlann au tsrqla nnda nitqlarin i tebii vermak n ox lu trk szl ori is le tmis dir. Bcstujcv-Marlinsk i da kaza klan n es aS,)l1 tntare a dantsdt g uu qcyd cdir.
Rus bodii dilindo kazak igid, dolisov xas iyyotli 111;)'naSIlldan istifada cdi lir. Dckabrist l van Pussin in xatiralarinda litscy
dost u coSgun xarakterli , z cmosionallrgi ila ta runan Ivan Ma linovski K azak laq obila do aruhr: He stor-y no uars, noue xiy
Baun . OH )I(C Kmax, HC story nons r t., nO'-ICMY MaJlHJI OBCKH ii
COBC pIlIC IIIIO JKC UCJITpWleCKHi 1?~> (Bax : H.3 Hll.eJlbl\t aH. bOJl b ~
llloii )](all]lo. c.159).
Ka zak L'Jolst oyun Horb va S lh rom aumda da Natasn Rnstovunm yaxtnlan arasmda mashur olan loqobidir, Bu ad
usri n qa hrnmanlarmdan o lan bu qrzcrgaz m erkynl y. dikbasIlgI, laubah herekutlori sab ab in da n ya rarmusdrr. Hy tITO, teaJa K l\i aii (Mapr,n LI.l\lIITpIJel31Ia Ka3aKoM naasmana Ha'ratny] roaop nn a on a JlaCKa51 PYKOi-1 Haratny n O)lXO)lHBUl YIO K nee PYKc
GC3 CTpaxa J[ BCCCJlO . Kazak rus dilindo igid, casur, na vazis li
s z: Tenepi. canucr. , JG13'lK, npol\felK Kl133 K a l\fII, - CKa3aJl Byau r a II JICrOI-ILKO OrrOJIKHYJl OT ces BaCHJllUI (Kynpur r. Kouoxpans r). Rus farniliya h Kazakov, K azakov kazak la bag hd Ir (Cyn epaHcKaH ... 85).
fi aKJla r a - (llJl.lIra, nocYll.a - trk dillarindan ahumad lf.
BUllunla y a ll a ~ 1 rliS dililldD 6aKJla)KKa, 6aKJlORKn (sd qabl), 6aKJlyrna, 6aKJlara (rus dlin in dialcktlorinda) i~ l an ilir (W aHcKl1,
32). Rus dili nda a~agldakI ITIv 'nalarda i~ lodil i r:
13aklaqa harbi sahv sz dr , me tal, yasti qab; flyaqa. 8sga rin z iJa da~l yacagl lav azimatl daxi ldir (CCPJl 5I T, c.248).
H\Jrl:l.i tC llnin kimi : Il O CJl e}~ 1l11 e , 3an03ll.3BlllHe J110ll.lI , nOll.OTKHyn
1I0Jlh] lllllIICJICii noll. nO>lca, c6eraIOTcJI K CTpOIO 11 npoTHcKllBa10TOI B cBaii P}JlIbI, 3<lll.C13a5l TOBapHillei-1 p a Hl~ aM Il H rpeJ\.U1 MCllJ1 hIM H fi aKJI:l I"a l\f11 a PYA<CHJI ble CTBOJla (KynplII-J. <<fToxo,ll );
nullniyyul!<:l, sa farda , yolda i$ladi lal1 su qabl: To 6blBaJlO, xo(l;;>~

169 ~

,
I

ccn.-uun . :\ O ' H.'IOI.

B011a B GaKJTarC renaas. npor-ruu.uraa o nn a c0 6('(,1"01 IJ Kj" IY
( ECfJJ hIC B H o n o p OCCIIII ) . Bakkul. I (rus dtli kinno-ozialo mo

n UT!. LlCHh-,uCllh":KOii 110 a.a p c II t ucun.c x .

I'

se ki lisi ile ] se kl ince da isla d ilir. . . GaKJI<lil<KY C BOl lO " " YIII<I KY n p Ill HI33Jl . .. c06pa110 1 IIJl.TI!

(JL I'OJlCToi i. M11 (11'0

KY 3 CMlHi II) ') IOIOJ).

JII! ' ICJIO II(' .

i\ l I1I11 ClJh. Nisnn. Rus dilin de suuncm,. Tanxun etuurcus s- emhr. dairuvi plasun k.r. Uu sz tars dtlindu ki uisan
szno uyguu galir. Aruq XI esrd. . qadim uygur di li nde gr u r
va qrpnq lgnt lo nndn Nisan rno'nastnda qcyd: a ll1lml ~~hr l .
Gcnis islen en bu horbi termini m asir rus odub i diliu du
a~agldak l mo'nalunn da dalia cox 1ll<j' IUlll dur: .
.

1. Au cihq ma sqlcrinda tuc rbo vu redri s mcq sv d lonlu

is lndilan tobi i V;) ya s n'i hadaf 2. G ls. c ylo nco . d cd i-qod u
n prcdmct olan udam , harekat . 3. K hn o hu is I H!I'~) I 1l1 ; I'~la s l
ilo : odl u silah m llosin o hade fu ulm aq cn borki dilun m san
(q arovula ahn aq. g tnnokt.
.

ilk da fu yazrh rus abido luriud o (XIV usr)

1l11IJl CI I L..

~,J "'l lll

do islonmis, rus danrsiq di liudu fortetik doyi srnoloru ma'ruz

qalaraq

1\I 11 Il1CI\6

soklinde ycn i

:,-,lS

tarkibi qazanuusdrr. B.;~~q~l

slavya n d illarinde d o cyn i ha ll msahidu ct mo k ol ar : I. rk

d illan ndan ahnan bu s z bir ox <lavyan dill orind e ra st gol inir.
Serblor onu (~ III HllaJ l))llM II UlaIP) adlan d mrl ar (Lev ll s pcnski .
582). (Pa3 Oll lJ pllll CC on ": Y. 'la-TO
6 0Jl..IllY10 COJI.'hIl CKYIO Ml ime lll.> ( 1 YIIIIII. B ccenLli i llBOIM . i\ TaKa JJ1oGC31 10C )l CJIO, py(iaii
11 IICCII , a Ty r. 4qn 3 1laCT ' IT O, 6 110 1', KaK Il l>lII lU Cll b (130 11 11<\ 11

1>11I1'). l1aKpaxMa.Jl ellJlLlii ~ICI I C U ~ l ap l. lI

K Pl' CTMII IO lll l .. 1

C I lillpi..~~

KII :\1l\ q)<UlGopa~1II TaK""A\C cnYA\11J1 r-nll llCll hlO lIJHI R( ~ l..:II X 1I1<VIOCTCil

Gpa-ra ( l l .ll.CcMcHoB - THII - W a JICl..: l l ii . (I}lcn :rno 11 IGIK'lCI.'b.))).

li u sz bir ox dnya dill<Jrilld 0 cllIli.ldan ;'ll"i.lh dJlmiJ kcll1 i ~ di r. 2

Azo rba yca n trkco sindc nisan al am e t (qad tn ad t da var honun ma'n ada Zarnis an ] va nisan ah naq (hodafa g trrnok, qarovulu alm aq j. ui snn qoym aq (balli isara qoy maq. ni san lamn aq
(adaxhun aq - z k vcrrnok). nisan-d s nis am vimpe l va s. 1118' -

nalarda islonmnkdedir. KDOda vlamat. ca ha t. nisan ma'nalarmd a ras t gn liri k. A ltun yz kdo ox nisa n va rdrr (IV boy).
ri:llll llfiY1YI\: . n;l ~i h llz u l{ - Trk qcyri-niza m i ordusunun
,,:-;g.ni . Trk dilindo azg m . pnzg ull me'nnsi ru ve ren basyb ozuk
( ba ~ ~

bas va buzuk pozgun sz la rinden dir. (Radlov . 4.

16 X4: Fasm cr 1. 139) . Tr kiyu trkca sinda de cyn i!a harnin l11a'-

nulnrdadrr vu bil ma'nuda du urnb dilins kemisdir (basibozuk nskcri olmuynn, sivil. askcri zidd basrpozuk qrup lar).!
Rus dilinde osson rehmsiz, baskosa u ma'nalaunda
islodilir: He u yrail rc cs : He fi :lI l11 l(ip YE"~ KaKol i - III1 GYJl b ( 4ex OB.
HO' I" Il CP C}1 C YJl O~I))). Hu termi n tarn mec az lasaraq ogrular.
fm lda q tlnr mo'na smda islodilir: CKyn UlIlK U - pmfioiian xn 1:1 3r yp am.uuc. Ga IIlIlUY1)"I\: 1I l') l'e llKlle, na cearoi! PYCII on rapCl\ IIC J 13 CpCTll<J ) [CJl a IOT ( KO pOJICIi KO. n a BJlOBCKIi C O'IC P KI1); C KO-

nunc xnc U:l llllIfiY:lp"lI nOJI )"1I1J1H KOnllll C o GBl lTIlITCJ l b HOrO axTa ( vlexon. (lC KOn KII. .. ).
De lfbas - casu r dy sc. qu ldur. Trk diliudaki d cli va
b a ~ s z fo rindund ir (Fasmc r, 1, 496).
igid. cos u r trk usgurluri : xsusi yngl lmrhi d<:lsta : Jle) I II Oa ll lll , Y ll ll .' l ~ 3 1'0 1I0BC Pll YJlilC L Il YCKa K<UlH , a 3a III1MIJ 11 nCC b
Ty pC II l\ lI ii OTPH)! ( K l1p)liJ<aJ IlI); 13cKop e 1I0 Ka3aml Ch n CJm fia u III H

3ar<pYiKli JIl ICh B llOJl II IlC, nepCCTp eJB IB,l5lcJ, C lIaWIl /lHl Ka3aKaMII
(l l yr CIJICCl HIIC B A p3pyr-1Dl.

11I).

Szn nm'na lu tu lll u ma llif<:l ma'lulll o ldu gu nda n adabiy ya t ~na s F.F.Viqclin dilinda di:}liba~- ig id , ces ur, comard) ma'll <l slI1dad l r : 11 'n o 6 LIJJO u t-.-l o cKRc ... I"nc topOll llDl>lC n O'l IlTaIO TO l CYU{CCTB<I/IIII C Il~ III C II1I61~ 1l 1 , KaK llCJlll fi a IIIII 11 0 BCCl A3 11 H
(UlIrI!Jlh. 3al ll l<:KII ,

H Kil .

P YC ~K IIC I\1 c ' My a pLI

1800-182 5) .

{<:lt;llll<lll dall soma ijk b lak rlitlmsidin>. ukLcsauI, lpd im' rus dilnda ~<lYJII, ( CKa3<l. 1IIl C 0 Ma ilfae LloM I1 oGollwe).
E CIY.'I

I A p (iJo.://II

Hil, "TH'Jl~"cj,,II( 1l'~l'II'1t"C'''f' '

n..pwx)" ., c,13"

(' .I' ' l'WII'J , : 1101. \I:imflll~-' ' ' J ',l',, ...-, ~ "

.' fJ' J M l

'1O",-Q.'I>C~-o.'Q

1 H.v u -.Will Ayr,/I" .lr,'I' l"hcclClimld. i td.l "- kelim.-I,,,. , 10('.

J 70 ~

-====--

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J7 J ~

agatay turkluri ni n dilindo so ranc ruut. Inrman tn. buv uruji un

icrarst me 'uas uu verun yasaul szud on d ir (Radlov. 3. 215 ).
Azerba ycan dilindo uasavu l, tal ar dilindo yasaul kimi islumn isdir
(Fa srncr, I, 28 ),
Sz n ma nseyi yas a. qan un s zndo ndi r, Ys aul - xarun yas a zra buyuru gu nun icrats rd n .! Bnska ko v da qadi m
trk horbi rutbalarindan dams arkon bclo s xlor strastnda CS3ul//esa u lba~ 1 s zle rin i qcyd cdir.2
EcaYJI CapaT KO - cacona r onoun - K Kil IKlloii plOMI\C ro ROpllJI npncnoasa (Iipcrcr). Esaulov rus famili yast he min s z-

Hu s z n yayrlma m iqya sr da co x genisdir. Ordu: sozu

ll .Zo rina zado run g sturd iyi kimi . Safavi la r dvr ndan da o vva l
fars di linde islan mis dir. I O rcb dili no ke a n tr k s z lori iinda
o rdu s z da va rdrr.> Dagistan di lla rina kc on va isla nm akda
olan tarixi urdu (o rd u) duse rgo. me'na smdn s z ind i m asir
halda avarca pio ner d so rge si mo 'na sm da is lon ilir .!
o vvlla r btn kediyi diltarde oski tr k dillar inde oldugu
kimi xanm iqamo tgaln saray rno'nastnda islen se de orda s z
qosu n vu d vlou me 'nasmd a, daha so nralar - X I a srdo n
baslaya raq istifade cdilrneye basl anus drr.s Azorbayca n dilinde
da dserge va har bi gc ma'nasmda islen rnisdir. Qarabag name nde : Feto li sah z do btn Qizi lba s qosunu ila Qarabaga
gahb Susa qalasuu n alt uida ordu qurmusdu (M .C.Cavan~i r Qarabagi. Qarabag tarixi). [zah h he rbi termi nlar lgatinda da bu
szn tarixon qazandigi b tn me'nalar qeyde ahnnusdrr: Orda -

dan yaranrmsd tr [Cyncpancxax ...4 1).

Az arbaycan dilindo yasavul: Qa rsuda durur rnalak yasavul/ har kim i g re r dc yer ki, savul (X tai] .
Opna. Ordu - ord a: xau d ~1) rgi:}s i ll adlr , k c. kiik ~

hor, tayfa birliyi, horbi dserg e trk diller indon . 0 cmlcdcn

Azarbaycan dilinde n aluunadi r (Radlov, I. 1072; Fasmcr 3.
150). Ordu - xaqamn oturdugu sohor. Bundan ah naraq xaqanlan n oturduqlan Kasqar seharina Ordukand dcyilruisdir. O rdu
l3aJasaqun yax mltgmd a bir so bo r (M .Ka sqath . 1. 124 ). K 1I1ll
torpag mda Eski Ord u va Aznrbaycanda quditu O rdub ad suhu r
adlarr o x gilman ki, szlin ilk Il1 U'n aSI ilH a laqdan.ltr. (( Ordu xaqan1l1 bulundugu ycr va ya iqalll<:l l cldiy i ~ ,) h i) r- b a~ k a ll d . Asya
hunlany la ilgili ka lma l;]r aras1l1da kcdiyillv grv lrkc\Jda ox
skidan ba ri bilinan bir tcrminJ ir. Orta ag sonlan nd.m c'tibara n
iSil Trk tarixindo bilindiyi kmi asg'1ri glic 1l1;J'nilS111da qullaI1J ltJ1l~dm> . 3 Dema li, szdaki leksik 1l1\l'I1 ; j in k i~a rl n l bu clir
gstvrll1 0k olar: orda, vv v ~)1 jwrbiin zibati I ;) ~ k i l at , soma d ii ~ , lr
ga , mllzil (karilorda), arIa as rl l"d~) is;) payt;1xl, q,lrargah~ t a b daha so ma q O~lI 11 lllu'naSlllda i ~ lan lll i ~d ir. ( illegin V, ) lIYqur ab idasi Moyun um ab i d ~J l e ri n d;) d li ~vrga nm'nalanndandlr../

Azarbaycan dilin de ordu. L Orta es rlarda trk-monqol tayfalanharbi -inzibati birfiyi; habcla dvlati idam ederun oldugu yef
(pay taxt), 2. X II I osrdo Rusiya ya hcum c tmi s ttlrk-monqo l
onlus unun adJ.5 K DQ-da y urd, cv, sc hor va s. ma'n alurdadrr:
11 111

Ap-alac a ord usuna sivan girdi: Beyra k qo puzu ald t, babasnun

yaq ll1 ga ldi (IV boy).

o rdU SU Il i1

Orda hum yazl1 l, ham da ~i fah i rus advbi dilind<J ox

i:;; kumn szlnrdvndir. Bu sz tayfa, qabila ittifaqI, paytaxt ~ha f,
Imrbi-illzibnli. xun d ~argas i vo bu kimi, Z daha aski haqiq i '
111<:l'llalllt"lnda an1a$Jlaraq tarixi Bsarlorill dilinda va se nadla rda
mli,lyyun tari., i dvrl,lrla baglJ QIZJi Orda, Ak Orda, Kk Orda,
K ub;11l ordasl. Noqay nrdasl va s. kimi iri tiirk dvlatlmini ll ViJ

I
!

/ "..A .h .lI t' ,)')f;. p.r .\~l'''-\IIIIII )(;n. 7iaJll\v- 1I 01l.O l !>1.~/I( '
VlOlIII" .\"1'..\1'1/ ' w ,d T ". 1987. NJ-4. 1".-4 /

/II/l. lI, /!Im.>r.<//I/lJIII< ""

"'111~"m,i.\

: " . [,'<1(' /\/ 1"0/; . 1"/11/1\ : -11' 11 J6 111111<' 6 COIr"li l l>" m i ,/11I'.I1..1m 1 1<,i'J'; /IU ' ,' " .11/<;111"' '-''.'0 .l ,lU

"CT". 1989. ~\~/. C 6 7

, t1llo. lul/...1,lJr D,m ll k. ld.J{; - A .ko f /11I":m I.' /n/ml," , Ist./II /1I//. f 'J.\ S. "s. ;
AJI(Ij.,,,, n .;? 7i"p~"C~lfp .qC" CII 'IITKIII q ,'.lI CIW IH , ,, 11"11111I/11/1",',\' ,.I / 'J.

CII/IlO.

1 72~

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?ow/fI;)nd. l. F.1 1"'; dilri, d AZilJfJ.I.I'C:/n siil'k m ,. s.124.

/Jcdij'''dm A .U;/(, AI~11' /,lhtT/nilldcki fUlktc kchiJlckr. TDA . /51,1IIbu/. N W, 5. 107,

,IU':I,,;r ('r, ,{l dtlmJ;/ {/Jrk - lI1iW,.-l /i s7k 'r. B., ((E/nw. 1977.5.93.
I f C-'fNr ml',Hw If; 11("11I"[1111I 'IIIOI'I\C~o-!lIl,.ellclI/(lIj("IoIIX 1I11>1"00"'.l KO lllIIllJWIOIl.
" ((":"III<'~(m /UlOf WII ' ''' '' .'' . 1'.J8(,. .'\~(,. c.2/.
, 11 f;.' 'lli lmlf "H' " (''''1 '''11 I/II<'f'''' TUl Jllhl,,m;. (.5 -4 /: :il'fI " llIl IJ.)J. T I(If'''CKIlt' II C"CU '
' ".. , .q (, ' , ..". ",. " ",,~ I: 1/11 "'~II/"U~'rI,\' /'.1 ...'1..:11.'(1 JlJ"'~'lI .1I 011.' 0 ." ("1o"0, Q 11,'/'/lOQ{/. /19.
< 1I1. .1 I.....( I ',dol . HII,ca.t/l hl, l C07rJt:.:l h rbi rcnnin/ar liJ/!;)'/. .~ ./'19.
7,:1:I(!;.
I

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~~ --=====_

"

ham in in nisba ton k iik trk tayfa bnl ikluri nin adlurnu bilduun
pecllcq urdan. turkman ord usr va s. ifaduln r saklin do isl-uuui sdir.
Bu s z asagrda vcrdi vim iz n numalarda ho nun nus'na da -

dtr: Kanra cnnr un.

111'

.mo.urrcm.. c ruouaemu

K rhIMCf\ I I~I I I. 110 -

._ Duhsutli g fic, kort ub ii Ia lako ta barabur tutu lau m dh is

q uv va . bula mo'nalunnda rus bedi l dilinde h a r zaman mqayi sa
yara lm aga xidmut ctmisdi r: 030pllJIIf CKOpGIlO 11 rporar cnsuo-

Pycn : Ilonoxne, npoaacnaausrc, orn a

naea rc I10 JI Q)K.rtCl\1 IJ M I,I. Il o .ll m K.llc M cor-

r.O/lop ilJIJI Ha ..'lpCB IICii

racxrum. lJCpKCC{,' ,[MII n J(\,GaIJCKlI l"ll l O[Ji l :'Ii\III , h W I up ort tnu

Dor

Karam.n us n ( {(I k T Op 1H1 ll c'rp a l). IU ;YJl)IGll lCI<YI{) I1 licnropaaocnnn. omn p c c uc YI I I I IlC pC a Jlh l. 0 6 ,1t1} l e ll':I I Ha :l
MllflOCTIlIO. IJ cnyuac n OKOjll l OCTl1. {ll cr opnn Hcr pn I). JLcp A\a-

( O .M IIXaIi JIOB. K<l 5l1l1lh IC JU III

.I~ 9) .

LIO

P0 )lCKYIO 0P)l 1'

BIlI I. ..

11

ycncn orpcxm,

uaxrepanancs

II}lTII

IJX OT KOtIYIO UlIl\

na

op.TI.

HO pCKaM -

OCBo60A\J1l'I II IC i1I1 HKOro

( H CTOpIlR ll yras cea rn .S). Bu szn Rus dili ubidusi ('/ adon~i
11,1 da ru s qosunu mo'n asma rast gelirik.'
Masir rus edabi dilindo bu szn mocazi mo'nalon ~c lli~

is lud ilir- {Il<l W IICTKIlC Opl161 ru r nurcxo Jtyro lr OJIO;'KIl Jll l M ocvny, BOpnaJ1lI Ch B n OJI ~ IO C KOIUl YI O 5lXptli\l hl. (i\nJICCIIJ~n _ O fJlYtICII IIC.

Snaaa.

J 9~9. N~4 . C. J 28).

Bc'ranaii. crpana.

J J ;llJ l a T b t:}~. 11<1

Rus

Y ICII}j ~1

ro poa s a

tl'l)()MII;UJ

Bcrana na cncpnn.r it o. C l\lalU ilcTKoii cn noii T Ci\l IIOIO C IIpO KJl RT) 10 opno . (Jl cficn cu-Kyxta'r. Cn smc nuas uothra). M os kvada tarixi umzi admr bildirir: 1-10 0 6 0'\ 1,1 TaK pa CT lIHY.rllI Cl " 'ITO
1I0CJlC1U'lIC 06031.1 l >o r;lI1I1C cmc uc III ,HUII I 111 M OCK I\f,1 Il K<I -

y.1llIUY. a rO JIOB3 noilcx Hen )"A,C nr.tx .uuum In 1;().JfI, uroi O pnu (JI.T. Bo in a JI su rp). Rus d iliuda ki orda tiirkizuu
ila a laqadar ol a ll hu ad Mo sk varun tarix i topo nimlorindundi r.
M os kva aymd an ca nuba do g ru K rcrnldan Ordaya . yax ud da
QllI l Ordaya yoJ ge d irdi. Zam an gcdikc,) bil yo l hOY II cv l;) r
sah ndl v 0 Mo skva qayd asly la O rd lllka kiip si. (ind iki Byk
Ord ll1ka kasi adlanlllaga h<l ~l ad I. 2
On) ;] sz rus b,-ldi dili n{li...-l ba ~l p o zll q da SI,), izd iham IIE l ' nasm da i~ l;) di li r: X O pOIll C II K O ~ - 00n 1l11<1 op..'w. (YCIlCIIClWii. 1'0 no ..'m a51 el\lC'IHL), .. .llp0M'-faJlan J TO KYJlaU K3H OpJl;! (YcncllcK llii.
r pc xlI "Pl iI\ CJl hle ) . liC] "];U, IIX KaK I l e Tp C n U. lI tl B, O]lllal.:o
Jl p I\ CI.:) 'IO

II CpCMell JlT 0 P1IY

IlOJll,lii 1I0X<16Ilblii M Il i) C lIL.lJICJJJJloil o p..uoi-1

Lynu ua , MOCKBa N!.!3. 1989,

\ '.1 .d i ~a r

slavyau dillorindo nrda s z g cnis yayr lnus -

dtr vu I1lS dilindo hela rarixan bu szn bt v silsile derivatlan

mcydana g,)l mi~d i r: opna, onnuucu. opnnncxu . Ukrayna dilind ~: orda. ordm ka ( K uzan qoyunu}, bclorus dil inde orda h ayKUY, <lq 'lll~.I~ ll q) , bo lqarca orda , ordio qosun bluy. drujina,
scrbxorvat dilindo ordiya - qosun. ordu, I
. ~;l G" I~1 .- Bu qrupa aid olan s zlo r iinda cans (bayr r ia tuf ru , kos ic i ohm uyri , soy nq silah . C P5I, 63 7) qa d im trki zm
h e s a? olunur. Sz K ama-bu lqa rlardan (s av y a) he la monqo la qadarki ahnmalardun h csab o lunur. Ca n a - sap-qu la ( ka s me k):

ka/;ak, ll oq'lY,. q <~l~\q,l lp aq dill nrindou sa r (sa p ) - ka sm ak apm aq

mu'nalantu b ild ll"lr.~ A zarbaycan dilinda h um xap la maq-s ancmaq. yarm aq, ln un do iy na saplamaq-gcni s mn'na la r ilo istifada
O.~ll~~llr. Ola bi lsin. Az orb ayc nn tilkeu sinde a p( ma q) _ yannaq
SO ZUIliJ daha ru vafiqd ir.

Sal.)la - ~iJ rq I11Hn ~<l J i si lnhd rr. Hir ox ta dqiq at tlar g man
<IiJ(;) Asiy a VJ ~;)J"qi Avropa kar i layfa lan~da
gfl nll1 nlll ~ d ll r. Ci.Lcn b u s ila h m I V vs rill son lan n d a h un va
ava r!;\!' la ri.J1lndan A vro paya g,Hirilnlns ni, va so nradan maca rlar
\'a S i l~}': ib yay lld.lgl fikrin i imli s rm~dr. V .~i~:kn l3uxara y a>"lIlllgllldakl q,ldllll Va rax~a $tlho rinin q alJq lanlll tvd qiq cd amk .

~~ Il: l r ~,I, (~, ilk

ll CJlb 3R: Beil !. IlJl CT ll CJ];Ut op.aa , a C 0 P; W10 ft ll a HO J\l Cphl 0PJll ,lI l CKlI e (J lcCKOB. rI p o .uYKT Ilp Jl p O,Uhl),
, ("0/,0 /-;0.1(' 111<16

rJ'./ I.

/1<"1110' >1111(l oclIlI...

r /l.C"0 7/11 />:(/".\IB

i, "("...-c m ,,, (1/'.1('(" 0.11 H~N "'(" .H _U 'I/ (:(._. ,- J,';3

I"v jl m lf J<,o ,-u i , J"m lOllltllII H\!(I(

r.I>l

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,.
ab idolorde ki di va r sa killari na os asa n {orada qrhuc h . di gor silahlar qursanus adam lar . sa hnolar V;) s. vardir) bda bir li ~ m guli.r
ki, cafinaa ntn yaranma tarix i a rlmanus qalsa da. ox gurnnn ~I :
onun p rototip i biz in . oxsay h inca sanat ab id;)l an ll(h~ uk si m
tapuu s-ra smi ila rastlasd rgmu z bir z! (tiyal i) soq di qthnci
o lm usdur S iskin in fikrince . ikizl agtr qihn cdan. (pala:;;) da ha
y ngl o hm bir zl q ih nca d ogr u cvol yus iya . sonrn G 16Jl}l }).'1I
minicitiyinin rakmill osmosi vu mnhnuzdan istirad'lyn kcmoklu
(beln ki, tc kco mahuu z qilmc zarbo si iiun va cib olan lazu ni
dayagr yarada bilcrd il bagh idi .!
. ..
.

Rus bedii dilinde h'Jl11 luk, hom du trk ctnonnm 11,) birlikdo islodilmisdir: Msr GpOCllJ ll lCL K Ca6JI5lM; n a!>I " 1 1I01l<lJI ,UI II H
0 6 MOPO K (<<13LlclVCn); 51 r OTOB GLIJI Y-"KC ynnpu-n, ere CIIOCIO
T)'PCJlK OIO caneio. KaKunp yr 011 CII5IJI uransy 11 aaxpn unn ( ~<K.a~
11I1Ta1lCKa51 no-rs a. DJ. VIII). R us dil ino mnxsus - ka sok ilc is!
ila : .. .nane m, cnaauy noxozmyro. H03 L.M If D PYKY caGCJlbKY
(Ilcrp Il cpeu .). l3u szdan rus dilindo sa~c1 g~i k (qthnc ~.l st<l~ I )
ea 6.111U1ID.lloii (cYCTaB, nonacr ) tibbi tcrnun; cun n Jyii l. 11t -rnrp
_ pisik kim ila r fos ilesinde n h cy vau ; r nf in u - pst f ia , ca('.!II>II I1h:
_ oxillik ot (b u silah a ox sa yan ya rpaql an oldug una gr~l) ve s.
kim i milxtalif qruplara aid o lan s zlor yarannu sdtr. CC Pl U I
XIII, c .27 -2 8 .
.
Q u r da-ko rda . l3;J'zi 11l<:H1ba lardu bu sz ;)11 yax~l Q~ f~ a z
qlhncl - Qurda adh ustal11ll ad 1l1d al~ )~aran~ lg,l gma.l.1 cd dl r~) ,

N.Xudiycv ox dogru olaraq gst3n r kI, ash nda bu soz I~,am lll
silalu dza ld;:Jn ustamn adl olm aYlb, lrk xalqlannd a, 0 c1I1I11adan Qafqazda kasici sOYlIq silah kimi i~ luJilvn gorda lIlIl a~iJ
dlL2 Onu n fikrinc'J. Q u r d a sznn yan h ~ izahl DaIm Igat!lldak i (V.Dal silahm Qurda <ldll ustalllll diizaltd iyini yaz lr) ."'<)
L.Tolstoyun K azaklar <Jsnrindv bu szla bagh ~\) rhl;,). bag.lt ~
dlr .3 Srcznevski szn q;)dim rus dil illda XIV <:J srdml i:;;l\mdlYIIl I
gstmir (I , 1285). Szn slavyan rormasl q;)dilll bolqarca kordg.

ukrayna dil indo. kord. pol ya k dili nde hord scrbca kn rtla, XQfvaten ha rd u trk qmc i dc makdi r.!
l3u s zdon kiil tmo so k cil e ri ila 160 8-ci ild on ru s dili
leksik sistemine daxil 01<1 11 kortisko, indi daha islok o lan kortik (doniz ilarda q tsa qt h nc ~ pa q a, ovu larda uzun braq (17 06 C l ild an isl o nir) yaran uusdtr.?
Rus dilind e bu sz ckzorizm kimi islen ir. Y xor o KOJlb, y
eoro uraunca rypna , K l<OMY m.unrre n otim , C KCM norynnr r.?
(Kruasu).
A'uura u. N,Dlllilriycvin sorhi na g ru bu sz ata, baba,
ulu baba rna'na suu vcro rt ata sz k knda n V8 adatan, urtrrma
duru ccli ma'n ah adla r yamd un - ma n se kilisindan yaranmts,

byk ata demakdir (Jl,.\IIlTj)lIc n, CT51, 523).

'
Ata ma n leksik vahidi ta ma rt sek linda Orxon ebidale rindan B ilgc kaqan kitabo sind e culus t ra nino qau lmaq zra
q zcydon gale n nm ayenda he y'atinin basi ola raq zikr ed ilan
Tamau Tarkan ad r R.G irauda g ra bi r sa xs ad r dcyil, iki iinvandan ibara t bir tark ibd ir ki, bunla rdan ilki At ama n nvam
ofub trkco a ta- s zno mba lig;) se kilisi olub man al avesiyl u t rodil nus bil" deyimdir. At am an X II I as rdon arnq Ioal
hurbi tcrmi ndir." .
Ru s ud e b i di lindo asagrdakr ma' nalannda istifad;) o lun~ll a~d a~lt r: I. Kazak qO~ lI 11U va ya.}aYI.} ma nl<:Jq alarind;) harbi,
Illzlball V;) polis funksiyalal1 l1 l1l yerina bu v<:J zifaya sei l m i ~ rais
(C]O~lJJ1 atalllam, stan ilsa alalllam), 2. Feoda lizl11 dvrndo kazak-

larda azad hi.JJ"bi Jmj inal1111 sc i lmi ~ raisi,CK urcll atamalll, Korn c3, Quldm V<l ya o gru dastasinin ba~ ls l ; mullliy-

BOn aT <lIlW H ) .

y" ' io bajJ , ko no vod , m hbo,. (C C PJJ5I 1,214).

ClIa'l3TJa COMIlC Ba Jl IiCb B II CTJlHC CII X nOKa3alllll: npJlBepiKCII IIOCTL p;136oiiJlIIKOB K <ITaMJllY 6bIJJa 1l3nCCTlia (flYWKII H.
(JlY~PO BCKI I Ii, fn . XIX).
I ()')UHlI06

/ B.A .JlhtWKIlH. Ir Bapa.l liW . 1/10A"c e e/'. .H. /963. c1I9

1 NM.Xudiyc l'. rarcnm oJilbJjyafl l'iI ;,Jilbi dil/Illiz. 8. . / 9<J/ ..t~r

, Yen", oT3d3. s.6 9

r.4J. k" IfC /1/opm,

F .: /lO.I" W.

( 'mapOJlIH''''/1t JlOJ601l1l/ lIevcu

19.'iJ . c. 9?/OO.

) ('11'-' Or.:I1I./ ,.

I,
-

. ,JII/IL l ' U I IUII R"

1979.

UH.

~ ~ ! /J. ~1II.(. id;ITI~~h.( ai m';//I

1'; '

'(', '-m/cr. iSf.1I1bul. / 9/f,\; s31

( "Jlm.:O.leIllIKr rjJ./l lJCIIIO/ 'WI 600'lm mi _ft'''T I' ''1I 6 }1)'CCIW.II IIJW"('

X/,AVII 66. c.2-10.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .,
A ra m an szndon rus dil inde b il' suu le ksik vah idlur yaranrmsd rr: Arananoncrc; aTi1I1JaHCTC - Lcyb -q vard iya kazak
po lkl annm b it inde xi dru nt eden kazak. Atamanst vovat - ara ma nhq ct mok, b as rhq ctmu k , reislik ctmok. Atamanslvo -

atamarun ve zifas i, rrbosi.

C a an a rc. Sad::lk - ox vo y aYIIl gab l, kolatJ; balkar
d ilind 5SaOak, sad ag}) ( Fasm cr J, 540). Sund nk - ox W ) kamani

saxlamaq n. Saqaydak qodim rus dilind e saqadak, saqaydak

buru inqul ayuun sol qolu Saqaydak a YI II1Jl ,I(JI11 [ da aid cuuuk
olar, Trk di llerin dan alunu adir (Rad lov 4,238; 274, 299).
Rus dilind o caiinax, carauax, rtoncaa n a-un.rc ( II 0 )f(hl) bclu
braqlan aderen saadakm al u nda gozdirird ilo r: bu iti, na -ik b tnq
koluqa Vu zirc hlo ri dc sib dagltmaq ll laz tm olu rdu), sukillurind o ox er kan kc a bi lmisdir. (A. K. ToJlCTol. Kuur CCpCGp}l~
tu .ni). Azerbay can dil inde s ad ax , sada q - svariforu m nx su s silahlan (o x , ka man) das nn aq n istifadn cdi lmisdir. Duri, pnrn
yaxud tuetaldan dz o ldili rdi . Sndax trk xalqlarr (Horn inin
azarbaycan hlar], mon qoll ar arastn d a, habcle J7 es rdan Ru si yadu
genis yayilnu sdrr. Trk dille rindan basqa dil lero (0 cmledon
ruscava- saydaq) kcmisdir. \ KD Q-da ox qnb r dcrnu kdi r. Sadagmdan toq san oxm yeru dkdi (VlI T boy) .
JI IILI'lap . Ya ma r - iz tur.j ani ca i yen i ordu ... 1330 c~ ilda Orxan rarefind a n asasi qoyulan ta b8 qa (Radlov 3, 33 1),

Fasmcr 4, 558.
Su ltarnn llH vacib lv sax la d lgJ pi yada q o ~ u n h issal a ri 8v\/ \)Ilar Sultan h akim iYY<3ti altmd a olan xristian lko lv rdo ll Ylgliml$
u ~aq lard an hazlrlanan ua st;;) l,)l' Y:lIll ::lr la r ad la l11rul. BUl1 lar
ciddi islam tarb iyasi g rr va lrk la $dirilirdi. Ham ua yaX$l h m bi b ilikl ar va vard i$la F) y iyalani rJili3 r.
N. Dm itriycv bu szn ctimologiyasl h aqq lllda yaZlr : daha
q;)dim forma yani va cridir. G tn Avr opa di lJ<:J ri bu ter m in i
da ha gadim $ak lind<:J m ;) nim s all1i ~d i r (ya' ni ycnie ri kimi ytJx.
yal11 a n for m3 S1l1da) (Dmitri ev 554.) . Ru s d iJinda rcaliya kimi
I

ACE. \I /Il. ('.2 5-1

~ 1 78 ~ -===_

fonctik toh ri fli Iurqlurla islundiyi m sah ide oIunur: Jl cxora TY_
pcrucaa ml bllli.lUe COCTOHTC5I 13 J-lp CBlI CM CBOCM

06Y'-lCHHH~ ~'

110-

nare 1IJ1 Ka KOBJ C1'pOIO HJDKC CJJhUIIaTH XOT5ITb (I'yccxn rrocon u

Cnuryne) . Y cni..sri - rus d ilinde sax s i qvardiya, sultan ordusu

bunlarla berebar. amansrz, zbasma, qoddar bl k, gc ru u'n ala,

}llihlyapr,] He nocn yiuamtcr, H rom.xo f iar apcc

n nda islodilir:

r pCJHJJJ I1 110 uac Ge3 HCJlI1Koro apcna (I1CTOPHJl Jl cr p a I). 5l1l bI'laprw - 1lif~)ll g uv.: am ar SZl1dvl1 dzold ilmisdir: . .. noll,

A30Bol\1 y6 111' na pnCKJTC C; 'OJl b H H K KOMHaTIl blH cDC,lI,Op Tpoc ky.

pOB li3 51 l1bl'Iap KIi B konene (3armCKH A n,lI,p CH A ciJaHacbeBHlf
)J(cmIGy)r(CIWrO ) .

l ll cp ctuu - cnrga . Tu rk dill orins moxsus bu sz polya k,

rnacar dill ari no kcccrk on yen i sek lo d sms , b uradan da rus

dilina kccmisdir (llluncxnf K3 CP51, 505).

Herbi q ull uq ulan n bir-biri ilo vanast dzls xoui, cmgD. Corg u , bim nle rin a tlnus s irasmda terbiq ed ilir.! A rq
170 0-ci ilde P yo tr d vr nde is la di lirdi (...nepaas HX nexotu aa
nrpc nra B 300 HJIH 400, a B nmmy 61IH3 M IlJlH (l-1CTOPWl Il e'rpa.
Ilpyrcxaa oxn rauna) .

Turk dil lori ndoki o ri k, a n s z qosun dcmokdir (Fasmcr 4, 429 ). K asqarh d a cri k in savas safi , savasda sn-a 111;:)'JlaSJJ11 g sterir (M. K a~q arI l I, 388). K D Q -da qos un . ordu : Takur

duxi heman orisini dard i, bunleu n zorin o ge ldi (VIII boy).

Aznrbaycan trk cas in do crik/irik xa lq qosunu, knll qo sun
llw' nasmd a kC ,)1l asrd a do i $lanm~d i r: brah im xan qo~unu v<)
i rkluri gt rb Qarab aga ga ld (M irz a Yus if Q arabagi. Tarixi

Sa li ).
Rus ,)d ab i-bi::ldi i d ilindv harbi tenn inl a yana~l , gcni~ ~aki l~
d", mulll i$lak sz sociy yas inda da ca rga Jl1v 'nasmda i ~ l adi l j r:
KOr)(a ero 1\IOJlO}(bIC Iq)aCilBbl c jKe HbI BblCTpOHJl IICb nc peJl HHM B
IIIcpc ll ry, Oll 060lllCJI llX, lI01.(cnOBJJI Ka)JQlYlo (lJexoB TplI ro113 ) ; )J, CJlh BJl L . . Ilo :n , CT05lBUW B e n oe BpCil-f51 B n ep BOM liC.

Jl('K"III<,'O<'jJ(/(lllI<;eCl((/~

I / I II, )A) / )(JIJCK II .

("~'(>,'(} J/7(>IKa. C l. fI) 70.N'5, c .73

o6f106ollllW

J79

1/11O/)I<,'UJM O(j

""'~

I]

cl/l apo6e.w pyc-

-====-

p en re Ha WII X JIHTCp a TOpO H (I ;o~lI .lIIo j i %<11 1110). Tarixun r u s m u-

h itinde va zifa unla nun da da ( IIIr p l' II I0U J,l ii) i ~ l " k sil/ oluu.sdur. I
Kyp rau . Ku rqa u. Rus dilind o z gcnis mo'uala nyta

{)a6 w. Hu um unodo bol vau SZ z ilkin me'n astyla a laqa ni saxlauus chr. O yun caq : Y MC W !. TOfJ)a 6hlJla u r pyur xa-onnaulll lK 1 11 }j cro r cc ornnn. XOTeJ I (eb o ua 11 xmp). Bu SZ iki
situasiyada tertuin kimi I X l ~ cdir: birincisi, hnrbi ter min kimi:

me'Ium olan bu sz harbi lcksikada 011<1 gro verdik ki. bu S Z

rus dilino ilk defc znn horbi qala mc'nusryla daxil olm us.

L CK-A r a l\Ia JIOB OTOUJCJI

X V esrde n baslayuraq kurqan topo , qo bir la j1;,)si)

me'nnlnn yaz rh abidal ardn qcyda a I I1111l1 ~JIr. 2
K urqan - qadi rn skif qobirlari ycrloscn bu qobir -ku rqanlar
xa lq ta fbkkru ndo te pa kimi m hk omlonmi s cograf OInla YI\,1Il
ifadeisi kimi rus dilindo I X I~ cdir : Hayrpo :-'Ibl nponon unu
J' pu ocnos a 110 Kypraua ( rp 1l60CllOB n eoc uoxnmauna x) . ndiki
Ukrayna da se hc r adi kinu: Kyprau 1I311CCTCII 6LIJl, T O l ' 11'0 11 HeM
JKHJl cocnatnu-ui f1 aBJlO/lI Koucy (Jlopcp. 3all llCKll M OCro BpC MCHH) . Kurqa n - horbi termin kimi, istchk am n1<J'naS111Ja: 0 11
nocncrnuo yexaJl C n OJI ~ cp ail<cIIJIH JI B01I1paTI lJJ e51 K lllcnapnuuCKOMY yprnn y (Toncroii . Boii un 11 eutp) . Rus ant ro pon iuu yasmda Ku rqanov familiyasi va rdu- (Supcrnnskao . 11 2).
Iio. m an . 3 01\' al1. D uxil oldugu iJk dvrlu rdu J1IS di lin do
s tatua, ido! rn a'nas t dasmus. daha soma lar bu trkiz m rus d iIi~ esase n gic. safch. JVJra ); ma'n alan nda islodilir: K OII C'1lI0 .
- nyxran x, - C J TIIM 6 0 JIBUlIO:-'1 uanp acnu ucaxne OGMIC IICIlI DI
(KynPIIII . Flyran uua): Cron nn, KJ K on unu. a H a TC5I ma -

finccn yn 1I1 aW Ko ii BblCOKO B ncanyx e, CTpaWII Ll l\I, Heyna BIIMbll\I

nna rnaa JlB IIJKCIl IICl\I. neer, y u a n nariepen, nancc 6blCTPhlil ynap
(I 10C.il.II110K) . Buradakt rn nuanu n on aan qihnc islatme mesqindn isufada olunnn gil beykollori bildi rir. Bolvan term in kimi
ikinci se raitdu mqavva - paltar tikilan rnassiselerda islodilir:
3 JlCCb MOl la , n urcpar y pa, CHOp T, KYX WI If .!.lCl\IOKp a Tl I3 M oonB31111.TIII JlI011cll Ha 0 1111 11 o paacu : 51 He XOtlY JTHl\l r naronau
CKa3aTh ' ITO- 11I16 y ;u > 0 6r l)lJlCC: finnna n, UOJIUJ IlKa - 3I1atIlIT jte-

sonra lar

-nuu xu BO nccs xapecp 11YIOT (K YIJ pIl H. 1l 0 C.!.lIll IOK) .

Bu sz e slinda avvalln r Qara dani zin can ubuudu huyat

sran ttirk xalqlan 11 m tapll1dl gl da~ biitlmill - hcykullurill iHlI d! .
Trkci::l bolvan - tistii y azJlI Slll ll hcyk\Jj)) dr\l1\lkdir. 'Jla ll cl< Jl ii
H.KCP51, e.5 1. Sonralar rus dililla daxil o lan bu siiz yal1J lz
mqayistl m ;:lq a mla l1ll d a istirada ohlllllr: 0 11 IItltl(lI IJC II O X t l j j l ]JI
Tellep" lI a KJ JIMb l UKoro UUFI, I..:aUO ."mJII' llll":.l 11 G":-COlhICJlCIlJl hl :.t
B30pO :o.I

o6nolU in

IUYMIl )' IO Kmlllalll llO (lkC KO II. (<iK l l"I IlC (l:IIlO ii

J A.(l"Il<' f l{//Kk(IJ(. 0<11,1 fHl Jf", J /lI O p.lr..I;;1J w,w.wu '. 11,11"1.',; 11.110 /I "''''' ..F f ll. 1,)'J.1.
c./Ol (/fmw).
~ 1()'IU.l<', r.a r ..I.. 1'''''''.1:111'1'' I'.r () Cl' ..,oonpaJOf,,,m"U'/lfJli 1I1"~).l'~"iII';Ii,'um, "'~ll'
k:IIJ. HOfIPYCCI-;tHIJlll.~"T'. cr. l?s5 . .\~'(" cl-l

Bn ll JICR IJ ner o OCTpbIM,

Ha n na uiar -a OT rn nnano ro 60mW 1I3,

npnu cnnaa ronn nr ca narnsnoxr 11 nnpyr,

PCB>lIIlI,UI lIJlIl 'I)TYJ11 l iUI rOTOB aR $opMa (A .KynpHII. nap lI JK

) (O M <lU I JI 11 ).

NfIas kuko v bU'5 zli Iqor alay r haqqutda dast aned akr tiirkizmlar sl ras lIl da, (Tnyropoeancxn GJl bB a Hb) qcyd ctmoklo!
onun monsay ini iran ahn l11a larLVla olaq al end irir. Lakin bununla
borabar , onun ctimolog iyas mdakt ikinci ag taba tan diger ml ahizo la ri do no a kir: qadirn trkcadakj baJbal va farscadakr pa hl<Jvan - g\l hr':Hna Jl ~ cmpic n. atl et s z nn tiirkc a ada pt asiya
editmis fonnas r pe lva n. pal van (Mqayisa cdak : Oglumuz polvan i ll1i~ (Sabir) variantla rt, Ru s dili antropon imiyasmda ~M

nov faru ilivasr dn rus-trk-fars pehlivan s zndondir.

Gcrdikcu bu sz n mo'nusi rus dilil1dn dvyi~ l11akda

o lmu~,

a ll oxu arllq ulav\l ma'n alarda - icbasar, sarsm i adam s y~

nm'na lanlld a 1 ~ 1;:.Il1 n1<lYiJ ba~ I,um~(iJr. Mosu iJ ll: - onnali! - 11
J-!I!~:~ll! ai !. 'J nlej m YIlIJl IICI>, 1I0 lllCJ I llaJlb lllC ( <<Xa lt)K1I

Bol \'<lIJ)) zin n ilkin Illv'naSlIla

ki,'i!l m;l ~';' i k i l i s i

y ax lI1

hcykill

Mypan)).

1l1;] 'n asm a

.va

il;) : . . . II;JCJICJlI l ll lt a KY"C ' ICCKOro pOJW 11 JT ' .Koe

I th.WII Y:I/,I.II/11.1.1 b;dh:I!. 0111111111 .l:/fIIi3Stn;J qoyul.1II (ihioraf/ 6ldrlm;; dmanj

:. ,J;'j"~. I '('lIlJhn/l~ (l.i." OU.iJl / COI .1.1 h1Ih:/IdJf. iqur al:JY1 h,1qq/fldJ lj,1st:Jnda ,uh ~kiliJ/I
bu .l/lfd,I -/~,!l .HI /~'l!l1("mllJ( l h l ,j a ) !/'l<hm TI11I1 /ilrkan }.;;mdi ",u m!l!!md,1 id; (,\f("II,'ec
I,~
/I("'''III'III'~'' " .7<'.1,, '/1111"": ,d~11 "'''' IJ IIO.T1'Y Jf"OPC(lI!!' c. J~\.

181

yponcr ao ncrtnna! Ha - rro onu KOM Y-JlIt6y.'1h. Tril 60]1R31111'1I

(<< nOJlj110Wll IIKIf) . Ii bos. quru . sn'i (adam ) 1l1.)(:a J"1 mo'n ada
mqa vva:. .. A caa Carusa-ncpcn auu ax fiO Jl B'Il IK:l . 3 11aKo:'>I;lH In 113BH3... (Fops xu ii. JI : l.Ann pccny 1912. Kaupu).
Iia pafi an. Barnb un . TUrk dilinden almm tsdtr (Fa sm cr
1,122).
_.. e ltBYX CTOpOfi Bnpyr rtocn xuuanca Tp CCK fiapa fiano n

(JI.ToJlCToli. Boiina 11 MHP))) .. . Hacro -nmu c YJlap'" 1')'pCIIKOro fiapaaaa pamaeunrci, TQ'lHO B cauof rOJIOIJC Poxra tuo na
{AKynp un. ( flOC,UUHO K)I).
Bu birlasma bouzonuo vasitas i kimi do isludilnruk obrazh
ifadaya cvrilir: 1I

Tbl 1101'01\1 Cll1C 110111"0 I1phl ra CIIII .

na

OJUIOIl

norc, j1POCTIlO !\WT3ll: rono aoil, '!TOG!>I BLlTpJ'lCTIl 113 ytncii

Ha6I1BwYIOC}l B HIIX BlIY. xoropaa npu K<\:.+;110 1\l wa r e Gy6 1111T R
ronene KaK

'rypct ncnfi fiapafiau (Kynpnn. l lap ua, uunun mii ).

baraban almagla Ill osgul olillaq llla'naslnd;:l:

D y ~d a

Ben nxu

KIl~3b OKlIH)"R MCII~ CHOIi M fi l>lCTp hl M m opou . TOT'I<lC

JKe peW IIJI :

13

KO llll YIO runpnmo! ,Ll ~ lJ I T p ll il ) l ~ ll I T p ll(_' H II'1

Kypy-

Ta, no cannr ero n a fiapaa n 11 06CTpll'l I> am 6 CJIOKYPYJO xynpu

Hnomen (JIopep. 3a mlCK JI xrocro F1pCML'J1 II) . Barab an trkizmi nin ay nca harbi sa ha ila bag ll mo'na sunn m acazla sm us t ilc

bagll olaraq: ...60pI>6a r cp ucii 11 neenort CH060)11>1 C Iiapafiaunpocneurcnnext , n cc r nn c xon r pcaon (uprrr ncpna - ~1.I-I. )
6Yl1eM neutars 11 rtpoman, n JlJ1l0C/Il nn IICTOplllO {Qriboedov
S.i.Beqieva rna ktubu ndan, 7 dckabr, 1825, Ekatcrinoqrad}. Burada ba rn b an sz (d ys la bag ll, h a r zama u d y s , COZ<l1l1
m ~ ay i a t cdird) t<
1rbiyo vasitllsi 1l1u'nasl11d a iisyankar yerli!vr,)
ders vcrmak , onb n e zmak yol u illl agJllan dlfl na q IllD'naSIlHbdlr.
Baraban ho rbi tiJrbiy) lllv'n<1SJlIIJ a l ' lI ~ k iIl n d ilind,) u;Jrin
Hhl'"

,I

kinaY8 il8 "j ~ l a n lll i ~ d i r. ~ a i rin J Alcksa lHlra yaz(!lgJ lll v ~ hii r
cpiqramda (taz iynnda) ifndnin ksk illliyi bu ~ c ' r niitlllllli)sinin
ta'sirini art lr<l!l ca h<:.> tli:lrdiJJl OIIllU ~dur . lloellJrrallllhlil I IUIl Ga pa63 110:\1, Ha lll Haph lll l XIl M G1>HI l(<l l l l lT a llll t>1 11 011. A ycn~pJ lJll(cl\1 0 11

GCJKaJI.

LJ

/ l llc l la JUt <lT o :-l rO )lY JIIH1>l" UI.

S zn qrammatik xsus tyy at lari ne gal dikdu dcmak lawn du kt. te ken rus dilin de gcnis sa kilda islonc n barabansik s zndon b..sqa da. bu sz d iga r se killerda Ioaliyyat gos re nn e kdudir : ).lOJKJUJllllbIC cnnu 6a p .103 111lJ1II B OKHa C ococ nuo
cuno, nercp nnaxan B rpyax 1I BhlJl, KaK coasa, rtorepaa uraa

XOJMllHa (Av tcxon. U BCThl aanoaaansrc). Burada bu SZ yag l~

dyaclum asi mo'nasmda, asagrdakr cilmlada ise barmaqlan ila
deym ok. taqq tldatmaq mo 'nas mdadrr: CTaHOBoi aaapaanun
n run.ncxr IlO GmO,ll.C'IKY (vlcxou. W Bc.n:CKaR cmtvxa]. Dilini
martldatm aq, dili ila sas lxamla q ma'nas tnda: A exars )KC Ko r 11a? - aaapaf ianu n RJLIKOM CaBCJUlif, n epras ere J3 PYKJB
(<<Ue/IbM;:!); Sona atdmnaq , tamamlamaq ma'n asinda: KaK OT-

ynpRJKKY, necuan uan, v aKpMl1Y, cciixac JlX 1I0'-U:lbIC en enar (A.KYIIpJlH. <J O JOBCKHi
Jil SOJH. Szn bu 111;)'naSI zamanm, vaxtm sonunda baraban
d yaclayib siqnal vcnna kla baghdrr. Nahaya t, ha rbi termin ki6 a p J6;1II 11nll llllCRIi LIC p a o-m c cn o ro

COB

m i sun a t nvn bildi rir: OH or na nyncs Ha nncu no r o apa fianKOJll.> lIYJTO era IJ cc pnue (e fo tina 11 entp ).
Hamb an s z Z usus ma'nas tyla rus d ili ho rb i terminlori
SIras ma daxi l ols a da rus odebi-ba dii dilind e a iava me zmu nla r
1I111 K:I. 11 '-Il O- H )

kasb ede bitmisoir. Bu sozn maraqh qrammatik va leksik-semantik xsusiyyutlara rnalik oldugunu nazarc ahb OHU bir stra
nm unalurd u ne zarda n keirak . B u lcksem rus dilin a ma xsus

be'zi sakililur qabul ctmakla bu dilda z islaklik imkanlaruu

nmayis ctdirir. Barnban trkizmi bu zaman hir srra meeaai
mo'nolarda rxrs cdir: Sy~, tohqircdici s z kimi: 3 KHn , - 1'0nop trr, 1'],1 Gp.rrc q , 6apa6au: 6IIJlII Te6n, 6HJlH, 1I Bee III fK3 1< ellle
!IC JlOGh iOT (JICC KOB. O ' lapOB<U IHbl l1 CTpalllllll<)) - TO-TO wKypa
6<lpaGallll'uJ. l{cro I'O r O'-lc1" - CK<l3JJIa KopaGnCBJ, IIQ Ka"!i1 l3 ronoBOI0 li J p L.IIK YIO <BocJ<peccllllc). 3 aJ1 b eTC~ , 3a n bel'CR. a .si. CMY
- .<lX Tbl 6a paG a lllla~ nJ.lJ Ka, ax Thl...) (r.Ycncllc Kllii. <d-1J .nc ~
pCBcllcoro l lll CI3 I1 Il Ka ) .
no ~

yem hay-ky., ded i-qodu,

lg lr~ ba g lf

IllB'naslIlda: 13
Tpcm an ll. 1I
IHl nec l:lpa G:lIllo1 6:1paG:1II11JIIl, a Tencpl. HC cm.I1I I11O 1111 r.naca ,
ti p OlJlJ10 M n lJl Y 110 ll orHl J1Y :n o r o Ha'-taJl a r pCMHJlH,

llll B03J1bIXallIf5J ('-{eXOB. OeKOJlhKJI .. . ): Ucuz zvq l sunu tkar,

os il sarratdan uzaq cizm a-qa rai, ha y-kyu : )l(allll Y LL'apK 31Ja-

er , 6alla:1III1IIIK CTa KJIil . i--I C6 0 Cb, rmcan cuo pnc cx na

y",mJJelllUI

lTJIaKaJI ( <<OCKOJJbKII . . . )

13

xO pOJUO, a MOTHBOB HCT, PIl!IKKlIl -KopcaKOB

B a p JIa MOn

He xror conn n'n, tum cro

JI

OT

({l-tCllIOIIC), opx c c-rponxa

q CJJbH Or O

fiapaaurnrnc.

11 npo't.

( t{C XOB.

his sa pa ncara va bazeklarle ss le nirdi; binanm bir nc a zl,

adatan sakkiz z lu his se si (l;C3 , II.616). Tibb sah esine aid termin : Ipsaru n bade n zvla n nden birinin ad! olaraq, anatomiyaya
aid te rmi n kimi isledi!ir: Eapafian naa (n cpen onxa nanoen , fiapafia muu.rc naJIO'!KH). Me s: 110TOM cran IK aJIOBaTbC5l Cne3KHH
Ha e BOIO y-racrt.: Ha HHUJC JlCKOC non npanopum-rse conepacauae,

Tane p}.

Ha 1'0, 'ITO

Baraban t r k i z m i bu g stordiyirniz moqamlart a y anast

rus dilindo termin diiza ldihuosinda do mhm rol cyn auu sdrr.

pelJOJlKI1

Baraban leksemi rus dilina kcaro k zcrb aluti mo'nnsryla bu di lda mhke mlonmekla berabnr ViJ bu dilin lcksik-scmatuik sist emine asanhqla uygunlasmaqla yanast Z gcnis imkanlanm bir dl)
bu dilin terminla r sistemine gi rmasiy!o nmayis ctdirir. \
T crminlerdeki -transtermiulasma (sahalararas t kci d) cvn ila hcrbi leks ik vah idlurin dign r sahalara keidi kirni du ZllLi
gs tenr. > Mosala ila bagh qeyd cdok ki, bclu pre ses nuricosindu
fOn11ala$1111$ mayyen qcder dil vahidinc rast gelmek olm. Tub ii
ki, be la saha lararasi mnasibotlor dil in asas lgor torki b ina
esastanrr ViJ ayn-ayn hallarda hor han s: bir sahunin ist ifadn ctdiyi termini n esas li.igat tork ibiuda , yaxu d da digar SaIF) lcks ikasindan aluunas nu tam doqiqliyi i!o izlnmak mm kn olm ur.
Barnban mas m, mcxanizm va aparatlarm silindr va }'<J kouus
formasinds olan frrlanan h issalerin in mum i ach. Mos olun . ykqald rran masm, buxar qazanr , doyirman, soba VB s. barabam deya AS E ~ da qcy d olunur.
Baraban sz silahda bir hissociyin {Tapanada - pat ron
qoyulan ycrlori olan rlan an silindr) adr kim i isle di!ir: IJ ::IlO
BpCM5l era B3rn.lI,a yrran Ha p eBU JILBep , BHCCBIIlJl i Ha.U )lI JB,lHG:\1

Ha r B0 3Jl IiKC. IJOp ll C B35JJI era , B3BCJl KYpOIC 1I IlOCMOTp CJI Ha 6a

pa 6au (KynPllll. MJJCQ} . I3u szdan termin kimi rus 111c'm arl1 gJllda istifada o [unnlll~dur . Baraban xristian me'marlJg11lda LJsas
his salardan biridir. K ilsan in qbbasi nin dayaq kimi quru ldllgU
I ('.101I<1PI> C O(JP C.\! CIIII O<' () J'Y CC" (),'(J J1UIJlCpllillyp /IO<,(l}/ JblI{1I. .\1. { 9-10. f lil . c. 71
-' V. Jo-/IIJlIHJdli . A 7i1r/J. di/ilJ da /inrb ; /cl7l11i lliiriJl (:m\ i -1iniJ vi>!J lilh !Jh~ s5.
, B.u: ASe IJ. 5.25.

184

--===_

IC CY.llY aa p<136 11TlI C 6 ap a 6 a HHOH. neI'peuenxn, Ha 1'0, lIT O K He MY npnnapaerca

pOTI-IblJ1 xcuaunn p KanHT3 I1 E YIBHn OBIItf (Kynpan. Caansa):
H e n pll HTIIO JlJI W b 0J],I10 <jJH 3J1'--l CCKOC '-IYBCTBO+'I)'B CTBO naancnns
B03D;yxa B ymax "Ha 6apa6a HHYlO nepenorrxy (KynPHH. Han
y

ero n p ll BJJeKaIOT
p R.llOBOr O

Rus di linin on omastikasma ke en bu s zda n Tolstoyun Pol ikuska asa rin da zoon im (at adi) kimi istifada ohmmusdur (Eapafian noen aces cno oncc JI DIHyn e5J. K no ny).
'Jux-mpr.r. Qtraq lar t dari dan tikilmis kavalcr salvan
(Da l). Trk ca caksur sz ndo ndir, y ng l mahuddan tiki lmis
pan tolo n, cnsi z sulv ar mo'nasmd adtr (Radlov 3, 1840) - Fasmer
4,36 1. saksir oznaaet sarovan , prisitie k sapoqam (,l.J:MHTP" C" en! ss t) .
Aze rbaycan dilinde ax ur. Osase qadmlara mexsus ge yim kimi bas a ds lr (AR L, 396) kbar aila qad rnlanna maxsus
bu gcyim ayagt b zm a li salvan xaurlad ir. Tarixi rus herbi
gcyim indn xs usi yc ri olmu sdur: ):Lp0)KalUHMH PYKaMH OH BbIBOpalJHna.r:r xap xtans r C TaKOI1 cnnoli , TO'-IHQ xOTeJ] H COBceM Bb16poe rrrt. 113 l llfK'-m p (Kyrt puu . Epcr er), Kitabm qe ydlerinda
({'-IlfKtJllpbI-6plOKII C KO:IKaIlOll npoxnaaxo nna rsapneiiuea xananep nc ro a sok linde sorh vcrilmisdir.
)1,OJ1IlIUaIl , .uOJI OIU 3 11 - M .Fasmerin fikrinca, doIiman qusar gdokisidir, gman ki, frv nslz dili vasita sila ahnml ~dlr.
T rk dil indon alll1 m l ~ dolam a sz qmmzl yamar pla$m ma'nas111dadlL Fasmer bu sz lrk dillarinda ki (dolm) (bknmk,
sanmaq) sz ilo bagl aYlr (Fas mer 1, 52 5-526).
Topladlgu11lz materiallardan ayd111 olur ki, dolaman ham
tr k " sgarl arillill, h<:'l lll de I1lS osga rlari nin - qO$un zabitl arin in
gCY ltn adl kimi i$lad jJir: tvlJlc OI-lIJOMY olla I-lO BCp IUJa Ta fHY JII063CJ\lJlCi1) .

185

hi ssa P<:Hl C:Jri) va ba za klarlu ss lanirdi; bina nm bir nea zl ,

aduton sakkizzl hi sscsi (J;C3, Il.6 16). Tibb sahesi na aid term in: ln samn bade n lzvla rinda n birinin adi o lara q, anatomiyaya
aid terruin kimi islad ihr: Eapafiannaa (n epe noux a nanoen, 6a
H

paaunuuc
na

naJIO' IKH) .

y-tacn.:

Mes:

ITOTOM

cran

:lKaJIOBaTbCR

CJle3KHH

no nnpanopurrru.e concpaca a a e,
JI3 TO, 4TO er a npUBJlCKalOT K CYJl.Y aa pa36HTHe 6 apa6aH HOH nepcnouior Y p 5lHOBOr O f p C'-JCHKH, Ha TO, '-JTO K He MY npnnapaercs
po-nu.ui xoaaannp xan aran IJYTBlfJlOBH 4 (Kynp a n. Ca an s a);
CBOIO

IIa 1JJ1W CHCKo e

HC Il]1I1M11 10 JIlJllJh O)lHO <!lJBH4CCKOC '-J YBCTBO-'-J)'B CTBO Jl.aBJIeIl HR

yutax Ha 6apa6aHH)'IO nepenonxy (KynPHH. Hall

Rus dilinin onomastikasm a ke an hu szde n Tolstoyun Polikuska. asarinda zoonim (at adi) kim i istifada ohm mus dur (Eapafiau n o en BCCb cnoii onec H TRHYJlCR K nolny).
LluK'IIIPbl . Qtraqlan deriden tikilmi s kavaler sa lvan
(Dal) . Trkca ca k su r sz ndo ndir, yngl mahuddan tik ilmis
pa ntolon , cnsiz sa lvar me 'nast nda drr (Rad lov 3, 1840) - Fasmer
4,36 1. saksir oznanet sarovan, pr isitie k sa poqam ()J."I' HTprrce CT5I 55 1).
Azarbaycan dilindo axur. Dsasan qad tnlara mexs us geyim kimi basa dslr (ARL, 396) k bar aila qad mlanna maxsus
bu gcyim ayag l biizma li salvan xarladir . Tarixi rus h ar bi
ge y im inda xsusi yeri olmusdur: )lp0)KaIllHMH PYKaMIi OH BbIB OB0311yxa B

3CMJlcih .

pa~Jl1B an Kap Mali bI C TaKOH CHJlON, TOq UO XOTCJl H COBc eM Bbl 6 -

(Kynpna . Eperer]. Ki tabm qey dlari nda

np oxnanxoil Jl.nR reapnc rtnee KaBaJlCpUCTOJ3 sak linde serh vcrilmisdir.
)J,OJlIfl\J aJl, nono uan - M .Fasmerin fikrince, doliman qusar g dakisidir, gman ki, v usiz dili vasitasila alt nrm sdrr.
Trk di linden almm is do lama sz q trrmzr yamar plast me' .
nasmd adrr. Fasmer hu sz t rk di llar indaki dola (b kmak,
sanmaq) soz ila baglayi r (Fasmcr I , 525-526).
Topladr gutu z matcriallardan aydm olm ki, dolaman h a m
t rk a sgu rle rini n, hom da rus asgerleri nin - qos un zabitlerinin
gcyi m ad r kimi isla di lir: M JJe onuosry ona noacpnna Ta HY mofi -

pO CHTb H3 'lIIK'UlP

tJl1K4 11]1 ['1- 6 p IOKIi C KO)J(aliOH

I C 1060 pl.> COtlIH!" "'HIfU<'U /')"CC~'VO J h IllJl' l h JIIr .l 7 I110 ,' O f/j!>/KO , ,.\I. /9-18, 1 mc. 71 .
r }": MiltlllII<Jdli AZiJrb. d lIJildJ h<Jrbitcrmintonn {iir-l~fti](l Vi5ti Ii!hliJi, 5,5.
' Bi/.r: ASE. 11, 5.25.

IS4

~-===_

185

(!;;>~

-===_

Bil K O}1II0M Y

odntucpy Anc xcaunp uiic xor-o rycapcxoro 1I0JI/{tl,

'iCp IlOM MCHTIf Ke 11 B 4 (' p H O ~1 ;10: 111' 1:111 (' ( I"CPIlCJI, <<!;I,UIOC 11

.ll.YMbT))) ; Puskinin O rzuruma suya ha t ns ariudo : IIx 8],ICO l-.: IIC

'l aJl MLI, Kp aCII Bbl C no.urxnuu.r I1 6J1CCTHlI lI lii yop KOIlCii COCT,W mVIII pCJKYIO nporunynonoacuoc'n,
Il p OCTOIO c pye K3JaKOB.

C CIIIII IMII M)'II.'lIIpa\1I1 11

Cy.'1T311 - harbi gcyimda zabit pa pag rnda la lok . Sulta n

almas mda k i lalcyi x anrtadrr. Rus tef a kk r nda s ultall alma s r
- das-qa sa tutulmus ag lalakli ag alma Trk ryaniu s imv olu idi:
rus qa libiyyatini g stamn bir ox S0 I1;)1 nsc rlerindo - Pc tcrb urq-

da .IJ, Yckarerinamn byiik abida sindo. arskoc-Sc loda nma yis

etdiri lon ba tali ya mvzulu x al ada ay aq lar alun a aulnus s u ltan
'~ll11 a~l tasvir olunur. Bu sz a~ya ilo barabor rus dilinu keernis-

Rus odobi dil indu karnul Liirkizmi sz yarad rcrhgr prososinde Uv faal istirnk cdi r. He " y cK aloT. 3a'iCM? Koro 60HThCJl?
Koro K:lpaym n? (M .JlccKou, Hcxyna); HO'ibIO non caMLI1
IlcTpOH llC IIL y u ac CCTh 06 bl lJali He cnare. Conuue xa pav.nrr

pacnpcx ux fienstx KOJlcrOB , cY!lTa JlOR 11 n asce KII RCp OB (Jlopcp.

Bcpnyeumce K xapyrn... xc,

Il crn 3aCTaJT Ilcu uco na u ccn ax (cdloilua 11 n up ) ; TOJlhKO xap ~l y,'I" Il" li crosn 11 <1 xanau v c (JI.TOJI CToil. Poc ran 0 epeaenn
l lcrpo); ha ray, imd ad : C lllIIIM, 11 XOTb 6bl ozmn LJep T! n pOCTO
xon,' 1c:l ll;'lYJ]) " p l1111I (A. 4 cxOB_ jlo-n, An6110 Ha>I); Hy CKa)KII -,

Sanncx u xroero npextetm};

TC nO M)'

dir. Bir ne a nmunoya nazor sala q: Ha tua TOJln 3 co cr annxna

eerces vcpnux q,paKoB. pyrru.rx mmm . rpYJlII lCKIIX nannx. KIIB o06pajKCIl IIl 0

A Jl CI-.:CallJlpOBa

uapr, p JlCYCTCH JOnOTLIM B roru-r cc xo KOpOIlC, rocynurn _

spso-cn unu C cepcpon. nxmcp arop - 'I Cp lll,lM C 'IOJIOThl l\l a

ronosc u tn cxr 6eJlbIM cyrrrnuou (A. Ky npn JI , <dOJlKCpa):

Rus bedii dili nde a~agl(lak l moqaml ar da 1 X I~ cdir. Alm
bas ma ta x rla n tolo k: ,lI,lI,DKllbl -rcp nuc JIOJlI <l) ll 1 C GCJlI ,lM I I (YJJ~
1130

'ranax t Ha rOJI OBaX nOBC3Jl Jl xroero ripnr oro 'ICJIO ECK<J .., (JlccKOE . Jlaepu). Oxsatma . banzetrun kimi . Il o croponau cK,n O'IWUi fl CCTP oTa CBCTa 11 TCJIH non tJCPIIl,IMII , IIp :.13 pa CJ;:IlIJ yn,Ii'> 1I1

(Eytmn. J'nuecpa}.
Azerb aycan d ilino turcrun zam.uu bil' si ra trkizrnlerin
saxlamlmadrgma. digor szlarlu vvaz edildiyi b aJ l(i n d<lnl.~llll ~
dlq. 0 s lradan Azarbaycan dilin<J {,.'c vrjlmknll SIIII:lIl szii kal.;i l
szii ila uvaz edilJ11 i~dir. Mas<llan, (Bax: irakIi Androllikov.
cYJJTa n <I1I1II n anb lll

Siz\) sy lu ma k istayir<:lm. G a nclik )). i978. ~.5).

Ka p:l y,ll. Rus dil nd<.J gc n i~ d<lr<:lda i ~ ltlll ;) n liirkii'-ll1 lard ,-l11
bi ri da 1~:lr:1tI 1 sziid iir. Bu SZi) (j Bdim l rk ya z lil abidal,lrin iil
dilinda karagu ~<l k l i lldiJ (Illhafizil'i . gzat . dy Li ~i ma'na la

nudu] rast gul iui r.! Kara ul-monqol , aqatay, tatar dil la rinde qa ra haxmaq. Ic'l k k ndu n yarannu s gzati, baki llm ':-.
nalunnda rast guli uir. T rkiya da kara kol (ha rfa n qara qol) ya'ni
ycuiun patrul u dcma kd ir. Rus dil ina QIZII Orda cpoxas mda
kccuus d ir (Dmit ricv 536 ). Srczncvski s zn rus .dit inda z gcnis
dcrivatlan ilu I 356-cl ildo isl e rnneye bas ladtgnu qc yd cdir
(Cpcaucacxuii 1,1 196 ).

<';;> ~

I S6

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( H .J kc KOB. )Kl lT lIC onno a u).

on uauy, -

OTBC'ian

na Jan poc

OT BOT'iIl HHOrO

raxr c trra, - 'IT06 h 0 11 OCTaBan CH KapaYJlIIT CBOII 6 YMan i

1I.Cl1ap~

(JI.TOJi-

cron . Boiin a 11 MIlI ; Pc6HTa n OllYMaJIII , -rr o OH IIC aacnao n u

C lC M II 6erJlblMII.lla " n om cap aynun ere (<<OGUeGbIK).
.

G rnd y kimi, hu proscsda rus di lina me xsus ma h suld ar

:;;akil il,l r istirak ctmi sdir. Ham da bu szler s z yaradrcrhg.

proscsino daxil olaraq yeni-yoni szter ame la gotirorek rus herbi lcksikasuu zeuginlesdirmislcr. Asagid nkr bodii edo biyyatlardan scdiyimiz misallara nozar salaq: . flPUXO,l{IITC oparno K
ua untxt pYKonCJi""I1l: u o xra , Jl aBKII, cxp amrrcou. m.rc J(a p 'l YJI LI
uac OiKlI,ll,aIOT, a sa BalJlY pa60TY 1l0JI)"-lHTC )lOJi)l(IIYIO J1JiaTY
(JI. T OJICTOi i. Boua I1 MI1]m). Bucxan IIa nonany, n a KOTOpoH
GhlJJ<1 K:ljla YJlhll:ur II J6a, }I YBIf,l{CJJ ArIcKCaJl,llpa Hnall OBlI'Ja
(<iOBJte6l.IK); Ho rJIaBHLllI1 06pa JOM 011 ,uoml<eJl 6bIn CO,llcp)Kan.
J.;:;:l pa YJlI.IIJ.1ii lf o eT )' cTonGa n ep e,n BopOTaMU (JlecKoB. MaJlCIl KaH oIl IlIGKa); OT lI BOIH lQ 8 0 r O l..::apaYJl3 HC Tp c 6 0B anOCb

IM e tJ C :;II.'II(I ~'. A .M.M"him"illllOv. Qvdim tUIl.' yaZl!l ab,d<

.I!iJrinin di!l: Bakl.

1'17"..\ .71-lo.

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H1flJCr O, KpOMe TO'UlOrO

1'33

TyT ,

CTO ~ H II ~

na no cr ax , 3 MCiKJlY l CM KaK

na xap aym.nn o-t epe nn xarnrraua Mnn ncpa npu

JlBOPUC, n p OlI3 0 1l1CJI ae c s xr a tI p C3BWIaii HLlii 11 TpCnO)l'\llbl ii CJIY-

'l aU (JIec KoB 4 cn OSCK na xacax); Ber n..

II KTO?

5I

JKC T BOii

(Kynp uu. lloennu ox);

PYtKbeM 11 3 - Kap a Y:1 nenan a,
nO - COJlJlaTCKH (Kynpun. Eonor o): Bee ) TO un u noop ax aeMMe noen-i, KaK , nanpna ep. nO CT Y npoxonoro n orp c u. y n ra MCIiJl , B ), apaYJI bIiOM nosrc, y ncncx uoro 51111Il Ka (<< n OC}lIl1I0 K) ; On TOll b KO xro n OKa 3an C5I II M It CKa33 11 xpar xoc COJln.3T CKOe cnonc . . "IT06bl na n n o uian n Cenarcxoii 3amIT1. 1I0 11T1 0
xapayn (A.O.r03en, Sanucs u neeap ncra) :
8 u sz vasitesila rus dilindo familiya da Karaulgkov. Karaulgmy .u1!3 ~ JlD H 11M JH U LllI p (Cyn cpanc xa... c. 85, 88) . OTcTaHnon KOHTp - ilJlMli p an P CB)'I-I - Kapaynoa... lIJCJl OLll la>f<Jlhl C pbll lKa
11 1Iec Ja JKa6pbI JKlIB)'lO uryxy (t1CXOB. Ceazu. a Crcncpan oa).
Ilanaur. Il pau o KlJIIHOK . agu kavaleriyada isla d on
silah (Radlov 4 , 1162; Fasmcr 3, 19 1). Rus yazrh abidc lu rindc
Kapa}'Jlhlll>lii 113'13 JI h1l1l K, CT3n o 6h1T b

Hertpeercnuo

lJT0 6 1.l

eMY

nC CIIJIKlI

XV II e srdan islodllir. [ O ski terminlar budi i a da biyyatda isto-

rizmlora evrilir.
HauJII n HOBb
nanaum

6 POClfJ IIICb H a If Cn plUI TCJl}l ,

ynapnnn

B tlJ Tbl -

OBnanCJIII accro ap'ntnrrepn u 11 no-rm acext 0603CM ( I1CTOPIl51 Il crpa). Rus familiynh Palasov bu szd an t reKil 11

misdir (Cyncpancxaa. 90).

Kofiyp tapana koburu trk-tatar dillorindo kubur qryrnap, KOJl lf<1l1 . Mhka m, sart g ndon hazrrlnnnus Iutlyar. Bununla barnbar kcon osr canh rus dili ndo ham do sa fe r zatnam
van la vazimau va yemak rua'm ulan Ylgilan qab, futlyar dC111 vkdir ()lanb. 2,1 27) .
Revolverin (lapananm) ko bunJ. CO TIIIIK, cxammlii II ncpCJ.l. Ii, ll porn YJI CYJlOP 0 )l'(lJO 11 0 111lYJI f'o6:my pCnOJl bBCpn (3a ll llC Kil A UD.pe ii )f{ell~6)?KcKoro) .

Touop. Rus dilinde islcn eu rorro p sznn trk 111an ~

snli olmast g ste rilsc da (Bax: Fas rner 4 ,79) ctimoloq bu trk

sznn monseco irandilli oldugunu qeyd cdir. Lakin onun genis

daira lardo dorki lazimi seviyyede asa sland m lmadrgmdan (s z
tapar sa klinde crmoni dilinda ki trkizmlar srrasmda da yer tutrnaqdadir) inandm ci grnrneyir. Lakin trk dili abidasi Dada
Qorqud dastanlanu da balta tipli bu silahm islad ilmasi za rba
ala ti vo grndy ' kimi trki fonetik benzoyisi (Dali bak,
dilodi kj, Da da yi dopara ala (IV boy). Solcuqlar irnperiyasnnn
sahlann dan Malik' sahm ogfundan (Brkyanq, Saneer va
Mohommad Topar) birinin adm da rastlanmasi hallan bele fik ir
torodd dlorine son qoya bilor.
Rus dilinde tarix a n topor tipf aleb nrda (A C xop ynroio lf
co ancfiapn sr IlJJIII KOMll<lTlIhIC momt HII3 3CMua (San ncxn )f{C1151GYA(CKoro), bcrdi s tipli (adlar harrust trk dillle rina ma xsusdur)
d ys ba ltas t kimi islonorek sonralar, ox g man ki, od lu

silahlan n gcnis yayrlmasr sabebiyla mei set asyasi sa klina dsrnsdr: Ycns.nuan OH ynapst -ronopa, 11 xcpea xumyry rp CCK noBllJIllDllJCrOC5I ne pc na (Jl y6pOBCK liH rn. I). Aroma XIX esrda ha lo de silah kinti islonildiyi dil faktlan Ha tasdiq olunur: na 60KaM ero CIfD.eJJlt na n K33aK3, OD.ll H C GynanaMll, n pyro u C ccpe p HllblM 'ron opoxt (Ilytu xuu Hcropna -Il yra s esa). Tonopa o (bir ise balta ila girisrnok; sonadok gctrnak) , TonoplIlllc derivatlan dolgun ma'nalar dasryrr.
Rus di lindo nzizla mu alarrnda da istifada cdilir: ...6y.n.CM
anrn, nee 1.1 xnt pc 11 corn acun, ronopi uor MOII JIl0 6C3HbIC (Hexos.
B onpare]. Rus familiyalan Toporkov, Toporov, Toporisov' bu
s zlo baghdr r.
.
Rus dili nde ba lda soklinde terruin seciyya li sz kimi i ~l a
dilir. l3 alda trk ba ltm>s lIldan tlya ra k (Fas mer, 1,114) balad
kil - kiik balta sziin di) y a rat m l~ d l r. fiaJI]J,a - 6 0 Jlh lUOH, TH)KCJIl.>li i naGaJl lIalllHlIK, D.y6l1l1a, 60n h lIJo ji Mo n o T, KYBanlla , KYJIaK ;

Jly p a K, Tj1 111Ua , lIo n o y ltlll bl ii ()larl,

I TrfJ.OduHI' OO, OcIf06I11 'U " " H m . ce. \Il1 "mll ~l'r,,O.'o 1"(/ J611111WI '/ lI Jf;.l llol / 01'.\:,....""
PYCl:I<O.II JUbI"''' , .. J mlf"n,'o..'wi. 198 -1 ". Af. ~ / lo.l'''/ l;;. 19$(,. (. I I

1 8 8~

1, 43).

 Balda

c k sp r c s si v

maq am da kob ud, qaba ad am haqqmda

ifadu kimi islad ilir:

_ Ax, Ka KJf C Mbl ncacnuc ! lianna -rt.t , anna' (Fop t.xuil. 1' 0 pesisuca Il ancn).
Ayparu soklinde uzunsaph toporlar herdis adl arurdt . XV IX VII as rle rda a labcrdal ar xalq o rdusunun vo ox atanla nn usas
silah(al1 say rhrdt . Tuba rzin (balta ) admdau J a to pe r-tu bar sax laIII hr.
Qadi m Rusd a, I Pyotrada k ar taxtuu u ha r iki torafinda
muh afiza ila r iyi ula rinda topor durardrlar. Onlar daha ox yuksak sanatkarhq nmunesi sayrlnusdrr. Rus dilin de onlara sofu
toporlan dcyordilar . uki tontanel i qobullarda al indu q tzrlln
isla mni s toporlar olan milhafize ilar g rnar di la r.!
Sonralar to porla rruzragtu bir losm es indcn ulahc rdu adh
silah yaramr , amq XIX osrden ko polislariniu isllraU,) ctdiyi
silaha evriiir.>
Alabcrda: N iza ile tarnamla nan agac sa ph fiqurlu ha lta
sa kli nde qadi m s ilah (Rusiyada XIX nsrin ortalartna qod nr ~a
har kcsik ilarinda saxlanthrd t] (CCr JI}I. LI , 9 1).
KUIlif\::t.1I - IJu sz znn mxtal'f n vlcri!o (adlan ile ]
islanil ir. ~(KIl Il if\nJ I szn n islamnasi he la 1596-cl ilda qcyda
ahnnusdi v a noqay diliudak i Kbl mf':l.'1 sz ne yaxtndtr KII I1il\: 3J1 sz cti01oloji co hi)tdJn X;Jllcar s zli il;) u l aq;)d;:mh r. ~
Azmbayc3n dili nda x \J ll C\Jr va dal1l ~ lq dilinda x:'lIl:ll i ~l adi lir.
Qafqazm fath i ilB a laqBdar l1l S ditndJ hBlllin d\'n lan i~l<Jnma
sindfJ xsusi fva lltq hs s olunur ,
K IIl DIGUI H llJaWK3 Cyr b 4 11CIII>I Jl X TCJl a ,

]I

MJJ<l,1.1CJl CU lIa~lI l

HaCT B1IanCTb IlMI! n p c K,Ilc , lIC)KC1IH 1ICn CTa TI> <n yrcwc CTBIi C B

A p 3pyr.m) ; B OpOHUOB Bh lll)'B ,no n 0 1l0 8 11Hb l

OTTO~ICIIII(,l iI 6YJJaT~

' .111'(/Ycn cllcI\lIl. C W (10 0 c.~OlJa-'" {/O 'IC.II.I" lil' 111111 '11.' ,1 c.28
*S u/r.m .~.1(,l Yll1d.l b.l/Iaf l wrixi V, 17ifiJ adl (l/I/w"dllr

z BiJr HOP;;""0611 C OpyJK'elimlll 1/{1111/1W " Kpev .u. ,\I/XKlJ/ol "llllwii l >lm lo . 1'. /51
216.
-' r4>.OJmHI06 Ib /lcmopm/ mlOp"/lJ.II06 6 P.I"ccKoli ap.vxeii /fOli 1/"!,P- 'I/III0 10.'/I/I.
" C TI>, 1983, .\95. d 7.
~ ) ;cm~ or,ld.,. 5.20.

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1IJ,lii uua .nn C JlOp O:A<KOii n o c cp cnmr c (Jl.TOJICTOii . Xanao r Mypa-r). Rus udub i dilind e bu sz termi n yaradtcrhgmdn, 0 cmlo-

don ha rbi masir ter ruin yara dtcthg tnd a isti fada ol unmu sd ur:

oron u bu qab ildan dir . Bir istiqamatde yaxm

mosnfoda n qa fil a tlan pulcmyot atnsidir. D zne ata s ma safa sindun (Sm. yaxuu uznq olm ayaraq dsmen i tam ma hv etmak
n diqqnt lu maskalnnnus m vqcdan apa rthr. !
'
Kinj al trkn hc zaman aynlm ad rgt silahdtr. Trklarda
OIl U he r zaman stnda dasun aq a u'ona si olmusdur . V.A . ~i ~kin
Buxara yax mhgmda aski ma daniyye t yadigarlan ndan olau byk Varax sa (a sli: a l Ara fsa) sohori xarabahqla nnd aki di varlarda tc svir olun en Xl111C<Jf q nrs auus t rk ge ne lo ri sakille n haqqmda yaztrdt ki. halo byklyno g ro qrlmc gezdiro bilrnaye n
ycniyctm nln r xcncorf tnsvir olu muu sla r.?
fi nrarra p - N.Baskakov bu trkizm haqqurda qcyd edir ki,
baqa tur bulqarl ardn riitbu yaxud da litul adrdrr. Boqaur - bahadu' - qo dim rrkce cosur d ys, trk xalql annda igid , qa hrom an . pohluva n - Im rbi xidmotlerina va igi dliklerina g ra ayn ayn soxs to ra verilan ad . Digar xa lqlan n a de biyyatla nnda simvolla snraq vcrilan ad. Orta es rle r da daxil olmaqla uzun zam an
hah adur lcrminini tiirk e mirlori va sahl an rosmi titul kim i islerHK II"IDKaJl h Il Ll ii

llli ~ I \) r. 4

Baha(llr tcml ini VI usrd n trk xalqlan folkloru VB

sz rus dilinin Icksikasma daxil
o lmll ~ ,,;:} bu dildek i i ~l ;) k tiil'k izmlm dan birina c vri l mi~ d ir.
Topladlgllllli': mat er iall ar gsturir ki, bu .szn rtba, titul kimi i1 kin 1Il<l'na larda i ~ l i)n mo s i lla az rast go linsu dG bu trkizmdan
ba l12:;.:Itm,), ox~at ma vas ilosi kimi geni ~ ~v ki l da iSlifada edilir:
i\lasllon : hoq iqi llJU'nilya ya x1l1 nagil pcrsonaj l kmi: H CJTOBII O
m;)i ~;llin d\) gcni ~ ya Y l l nll~ d l. Bu

CKa Hl ' lII bli i (i or:n ]'ljJl>, IIIl,UCJle ll llbll II CIlOMC P "OIO C II J1~ I O J{e ll e r.

- -- - --

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J

190

1 \ /.M. S( IiJOI. Ru.,,-';.Ui-Irh. iuhll hiclFhil,'nIl/IJ/"r Itig,,,,~ 5.1J'"

.' U:n:II_AIl"moam_ tli""muo. AI , llJo_ Alf. cccr 1'J}, ".2/9
-' IL I /HIc/-'-""-or.. 11"1'''1'''011 .'(-' KCIIIW 6 "C'QG<' (/ m'-'''.' ' JI.'Ofl<!oeJO, .H. HU}'I\o. 1985,

n a : ,\'17;/11/1 .\'/1.11)"1'1 , A 7i1rll.'lYC;1IJ iJdiJ"i dJi tar

i M i/;Jr i />,

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....
Il uau K YJMlIlJ na 'n u raer 6j'KBanhll0 nuura'n, ropa r--l1l (ve nencxuii. K HltiKK a cexoe).
Bu sz rus dili nin z szlorila birlosarok maraqh V;J WIl gin scmantikaya rnalik bitlasmaler yaratnuslar: I1 Gor ~ I oi ~ ~
1.JTO )TO fiunn aa or anapcxuc IIOLlBIIIl I, nocnu uc XHTpOCTII,
uosnue aacamr, nepeerpenen . uosncr u B nocnux -rpytuofiax y
KOCTp OB ( A .K yn P IfH. Xpapuc crncuu ); TaK C B.lITOrop, 113PO Il Hbli urar s rp r, naiu ero )1l0C3, emir D )Kene3uQ!\1 rpoc: Ha KltII3lOT ua ero rpoc 3aKphlTOM BCC HOBblC o pym: nyun rr6 bCT

Caeroropa ere orarta pcxn

Jl)'X; XO' leT BUTHJb KOMY

'Icpa R IO Ka x [ll. Jlccxou. Hcxyna). Bu motnon bah adrr ruhl u

qadm tumandn g rusc da duxilon arabatya borabor tutulan is-

tcrik xun unlarl a qarsi las d m hr.

Rus dilin de hoqanr trkizmi sabit torkiblari n yaranmasmda isu rak cdir: Pyccxn connar are. fipa'r - tI YJlo- o r aTLlp n ,
KaK HlB OpllJI ccc ucpru u Cynopoe ( A.KynP II II . lll r ac-xarmt au Ps rn nxou): ... 11 pO CKOIJIHa1l. II CMK3 ncr ana 11 n On Of\II Jla
cuoro G~J IYIO, Jl .UJCKO o r x p yryro H3TOB)'I0 PYKY n a nnc-ro C11aIIHIlCKo ro OI a TI.I IHI -:\1o:lOlIua B KOMHaTC n<Iif\C BCe r uxo aXIIYJIO 11 13mCJlTilJJ O: KpaCIIBaH nnpa (HJlecson. OCTpOnll TlI IIC));

CIfJlY CJl,3Th, He eper HU HO; lt BCC xpcn sc cnnpacr ca MOl1 "mli

Tcpn cn uc lf np CI\IH. nOT MOl! aoun sr- or a'na p u nyx ran Kyryaon

JlYX, :lKene3Hhl rpo6

(J I.TOJlCToii. Bo na

.Jlccc on. O CTpoBIIT.lIlle ) : 51

n occnancs 113 n neae, na neaci, n OCJ1 C Macro noneu rn 33CHy h
Go raT bl pCK IIM CHOM: (A .OYWKlill . Il yrci uecr un c n Apapyn):
Heyxro Y H llbl Haanoenu Il O r oro ora 'n.rpcx nc CIIJI M, vr o.
)'3113n OT

nce-raxn

BCC K3lJa eTC.lI (ll

MaHIi BeC-TaK iKC lITO Ta Morna pa ccxanasars c, on a

cure MOiKeT coxpa ns'n, cn oxo cmuc

11 iuy nrrs?

(HJIceKon. Ocrpoeuranc): Fnaaaxtn cc HCIIO np cncr aunaerca

nonyx pyr or ar r.ip cx on r pY Il II ua-m uatouini ca y onuoro
xonua nO,UOKOHliltKa H oKaHt 1l1B310rnCJlc.s! n a cpenu uc IIpOTlIB

oncncsoro acpnncan euo n eropo m-i oxna ;

' IC3, H

YiK onsui c

HeT

13ec lIOIo B

n nc-r pn

ll na nn K Y J h M ll t la nee Hearoro llPCI\I)' l l cr o orarurpu (r.YencII-

ncn cnn nocnc 1l0.s! BJI CIIIIC B

:n OM n ecy

cxu ii . KIIIDKKa u exos).

11

WIp).

Rus onom astiknsmda Boqatrrcv familiyasi va ycr ad t soklindi.-l bu trkizmdan istifadu cdir.
Tr kizmlori 'rus badii dilina xidme ti harbi sahoyo aid
szl"lrd;J do zn gstonr. Bu zaman ha rbi term inlor d ige r lgi..Jvi vahidlur k irni bo nzoun a , milqayis u vas itasi no cvr ilir, bir
s un hullarria lso m ucaz lasaraq met afora lar yara drr. M o so lo n,
Alah l'nb d ys baltas t Kuprinin At ogrulau hekayusiuda
ay g yd u g ms alnbcrd nnt n ay ri agzl kimi pnrl ayirdt sek tindo
i ~hll1111i ~drr: IIc60 In "JCJICIIOre cncnanact, r cauo -cancc. 11 nynn
cmmn [f a nes t. I"IK Kp Jt BOC JIC3 BlOI cepcps uo ii aJI<.I6cp){1>1.
y ene K upriuin (yazrr rus ordusu zabiti olmus) Bcreketli
$<Jrq usurindu yatnqa n - soyuq silah adr (tiyosi ayri, xoncer-

Bu trkizmlo bagit rast goldiyimiz bir fakt da maraqudtr

ki, bu da boqaur (baqatur-bahadn) szn n diger va riant t o lan

dan kiik) ay barode rnqayiso meqsedila islodilmisdir: ... MC-

i~l i)llnm sidir : UI 1)l!ITC, - npo)lon-

peJrc}!; la~ l llp OCTll paJIOCl, 6 0 JJ b UJOC, OTKp bJTOC c o BCCX CTOpOIl

b ahr sznn d a cyni

ma'nada

)Kan OH, - 3TO CTaJIO He OT !>teIlH a OT He re , nOTmi)' tlTO ll X BO

(H.JlccKon. Olla~
qadlll haqqmda i ~ lundikd\3

][}r rrnp;nrr Jl Il c o GI,l'raiillLljj xpacuonnru ncc c n Cl3a.

51 BCMOT-

nOJle , ti lIa "CM n o cpClllIllC , BanHJlC5I 6POWCIIII['l ii KCM-TO Kplluoii

BCCX Pblll bn e CKa x n c p Bbl GaThi ph Clfll TaJJClI

YJI\ IIi . IICTOtl CIIII(,Iii sna r a ll.

Boqatlm s z
fiziki gc yox, daha o x n l;J ' n a v i gw lliyi, m;J' n iJv i gc
_ aliliyi nazi.lrdu tutulur: rvi aT b TBO}! GJ,lJIJ Bcn llKaH }f(CIIWll lla.

BUllin Ba l1~nY;l Kl ar<l ;Jsurinda asas surnt o lan irakli

Mcladzcnin OX oriji nai xarici grii n~ ll ii tnsvir eldiyi zaman
01ll1ll i.lyri ir i hurnullu Y:'lfag anla l11ii qayisa edir. BU l1 ullla yaddaqa lan ayani c07.gila r a kir: b hln 0 11 . . . XYJlOIU3B IJ KpCIIOK, tlyrb

pOBaHH bl cTpaHH IlK).

onun

GoraTI.I (J b, repOII H}!. llo6p aTa - TO H ll cii GLlm\ I1pll ~ta.ll , Bhl COKa.sl. , YCeTH311, lil t 3TIIX CCIlTl IM eIlTaJl I>1I0CTcii rJlynhlX , 1111 IIq m .

He po rl ci i 'Ja p ocllJll i i 110 II lnKOM Y

HlI 'l ero ) TOrO nypa UKo ro 'l CM XBaJIl lTClI 11 3111 11 CJlaGORc p ll hie KY-

Mil ROJIOCa l\lll,

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r Jl:I1 a

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xapne, J a n a UW Il C,

PYKII cyxuc M ;UICI Jh K1I C, c nO JIOCa J 1>1\ 11 1 icuc 1>1 -

M il . . _

'i a -rro? ). Hnr iki

( ] OP h Kl l ii .

KlIp ll l1~l . Bu SZ 1115 di linde tikint ida isludilan gildun h ~l

zrrla unus kiik til' al1bY I ~1Il1 bild irir. QiHlim rus dilindo luunin

anlayrsi ifadu cuuak iiun 11..11111110, 11:111111111. , 11.'I In;l , .' I<lIIO .
: 10 11113, a n nnn va S. s zlarind un istit udu cdil misdtr.
Oa dl111 rus
dilindo ha min <)~yalll bildinn uk n bil" ox yunau m; ln ~' lll
s zla rda n istifada o hmmast on u g sturir ki. h umin u kmn malt>

riahru n udnn dzg n ifadn cdan xusus i hir sz yoximis . Ka rpi r

s z 1115 di lin de X IV nsrdun isl.uu lir ( Bax: Cpn ll c lIl. dl

ii .
1.120 9-1 2 10). Y uxand a gsta rdiy imiz humin mo'n.uu I r adil

ediJn bil' sira s zlcr he biri bu ma'nanr tam bildinn uk!u k, 11'-

pic SZ!l i) ckvival cnt ota bilm ir. Azerba vca n d ilind o ((ka q ~ic)) d zbucaq h sa klinde qolib le nmis ( bi ~ i ri l l11 i ~ vu ya IY ) g l1d~l n
hazirlanan tikinti matenalt (ADiL. III c. s,S3). Dinu zdo qud uu
d v rlerdan ha miu mo'nadadtr: M dd ai daim iraqdan ki )rp i <: i"I-da~
oynad ir ( ~ . i.X 6ta i ) ; KDQ~da : B ir torba saman d~,lkh, yaruu
ko rpic yas d iq h (X II boy ).
.
.
.
..
Rus ba dii a sarlariru u d ili zorindn k! msahi u lu r gosto ur
ki, hu sz istar mstoqil mu'nastndn. istorsu du mncazi mu'ualurda gcuis soki ldo istifada olumuu sdur: P or-131110 1l IIOIIl CJI II: I~IJII.
icnp nn ua r o 1l0pOiKKII K noxty (Kynpu u. ~<I I()C)ll Il IO I:H) ; l; U1 1.'
a ansnre T Op'-laJ1H 13 lI e60 iK CJlC31l[,1(; 11 l,,:n \lIlIl'lI l hll' TJl)"\ II,1
( 1\)"11 p nu . jKlULKO C COJII I UC) ; Bouzo rlik tJsasilld a isti fildil I.'d lhlllli1
r:
. . . lI a WCKax CK ROJb l\ Op y MCJl I\ IIX , 'lil CT hl .\ :-'1(1)111 111 1 1 0
p l.'.11 111..' ~
nopO Bbl if h:U l)1JlI'III Mii Il Y:'\IUl H.' I1, a r m na lIC("CTcr
~IlCijjjll ~' llJ lh~
(K l lp ll l l. b t)JIOTO) ; Ki-H'p iC Z r..1I1g 11l\1 \ 'iJ X:l nL

110 6Jl CCTCJlil

~ i-l ra il d i)

karpic ru ngbildir maya xidm a t

ctuus d ir. Kurpi : yk. 5 1XlI1t l: uzab; Thl oxonqar cn t.no 3aMi'PYcnu. c 6" n nrnx xnpuu uax , - ro nopt u t 011 YKa1 hma" na xn nrn

g r n ~ n \) g ra : ... K II Jl II II ' 1II 0 l' .'lIl l fH rop llT (' Ill.:rp

y .. . !'}I;na -

rp 0 3I1L I :-'1 YMOM ( f) YII IIH , (lJ l y6K II ); } 1'JL' I\CKllii 61.,JJ1
IIICC 1l1.IlCu n l~
IHlT l lne n l ll ii IIIl1POKOJI0 6K lli i , IU l ljlOl'OIIJlC ' lll li.
1I11l\){Il'111 P YJl llhll 1
CTa p H K C JI1l111lll h l WI 6CJII,IMII YC;\:-'III Ila l":
II P l l ll'I II ~ . ~..:.p a l' Ii O,~ 1
JlI lIle, ll a T p ll UT BpCI-' CI\ BToporo p.1]J!cJla 1 10 JI (,111 11 (J
I. IO ..KHlll.

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19.\

- -

HJ I .AJl JlpCC H} :

ifadoxi d.. aglr am ok. uzabh

Rus di liudak i ka rp ic yk lamelo

i ~ dilimizd a das da stm aq ifadesin de

ya x m dt r: f1o H}I )' Kll p fl ll'lII r pym n.,

mnu.

H ) IBO P Il Jl KII ,

C TpCJIO~lI l l1 K " n o iin y , 13 Ka-

a eau nee panne cnoxcy

A Il;lr!lc M,m ). 1(11 pil 11 'lI lTJ,C>l -

cc6J1 (KYJl PIfIl

Cny uraiir c, panocn. ,

33QCM Ta K

Ilc 1o.: 1I1J1111 'lII t'h, n y ura Moa , KpO B b n cn o prmn t.

( KY II P IIII. I IOCll ll IIO K ). Ke rpi c soklind o, dam
a-d ama parn:
Oncra OHa 6 1,1J1<1. Ka K neer-na. n O- l1 r a3}11 111 ~IJI C M Y : ncp no uo c OiK
C~
IW P llll'llI T h CiI '!

p C.TJloC . . . utc pc'r snmu Ky 001l<H1 JOO I l n KlI P ll llllIl

YIO KJlCl <Y. . , ( IJ y 111111. -d k t:ClI lI I>I JJ Il C' Il'jN) .

Karpi c - bos scy. mqe vva: ueyxcnn

Y M ~ II>1 BMCCTO r OJIO Bbl - ncncpna a yru m,
IIJ IlI 1":lI jJIlII ' I ? (Lvc ncncxnft. lh ncpcacnc soro
nnca nnxa). Rus
aralar s z Vu ma sal le rn do kirpii trkizmi daxil ola bilmi sdir :
K Op M IlT Ka JJa 'l OM, n a u emm y Kllp Jl H'-IOM ( fl OCJlOBIH
IL I, II ner oB hJ

11 0Jlar aCTC 'ITO

HO p ld !. ..

e .4 76). Rus famili yasi K irpio v b u s zle ba g hdrr.

kk kc bu ma'nada bil' ox trk

dil lorindo clc-maldar anlayrslan n xsusi ifado vasitas idir.
M. Kasgar i lgulnd<l qcyd olunmusdu. (Dmitriev, 538). KO~IL
(ncpcxo arrr, n cpccns ar) qa dim, elaca do as ki V;) masir ru s dihnd u ixim kim i islanilir. K a K B T IOp K CK II X , Ta K 11 B PYCCKOJ\I
O' IC IIL smo ro JK llllllaJICIITII I>IX x o n crpy s u n .
rOBop.srW IIX B 113neemo rt cTcnCH II 0 napancm nu x nyrs x ~J )'1 I K lUfJl lfpOBaH Jf.sr
CJIO Il H pa 1110 CIICT C/llllblX WJLIK ax : xosc nne
napoma - kari
J{ O'I !IJ ,,:o ' ll'naTb : ' S Z

.xalq lar. KO'ICnaJl )1\11311 1, - k mi ha yatl, KO':lIOUlIIC I1JleMCU a

k mi tayfalar, K O~J CB an ( c MCCTO Ha lIleCTO) bir ycrdon baNa
ycm k ctmak . ' Ho yat trzi, ga zargilik. k n sa lma q: )lonfo
BCJl .R li oTOM )K1I3HL KO'f YJO W YJO , CKIIT a .RC h TO na

nepy (fl y rclJlccTllllC HAp3PYM)

I .\1

fa,'lI ca. lIav.fKldl'lI /1H Harl

M . 197.1, c.153.

no

Cc-

J' Il()mJ}{'.~I' I/1Ii',lI C 7QO IIIIO PI<T KQ.'O n p o/lcx o.)/("()el/1/; /l

.\Vl-XI/II (; 6 . 8 KH, 7iopKlt J..IIN n 6 OCIIIO '( 1{O-CJf. JlJbl-

pYCt'h'/iX IJIIC.\ll'lIIlbH 1/fl. 1IJ/IIII/ I/ Ko.I

hm, .. 11(~1'''(/ 1i.

lOl)', TO

~1 95 ~

K huyau: burud a dzul uuu cv : C Ka;'K,'l hl;\ l ,'ll1l'\l Hel' l H) nee YCTpaJ lBaJJaCb n a iu a IJO,' IY"'O' Il'JI;llI ;.J1:l !J IJ b () i et CI,lIl' 10,'l l,1
Larpona BJlYKa). Qaqtnlann Yl5tlY I ~ I: ., _lil'C51TL p:n nar .nn COJInar np nzm pan uci, K JlCC'laCTlIOI Kj-'lIKC ,KCJlIHllH II JJlo) l ci i .
p aCnOJlmIO lBlIJ IICC}[ Ha KO'Il'Bf,C B Yrny Tucpckcui um.na.ru. IlO
TOF l-JC yx cnn.cn JIO Cf0 up nxmy (iJ I,UWC 11 J{Y;"If,I, 1 KII. ). 1\1asl r

hurbi Iermin ynradtimasmd., hu xzdnu istifad o cdilmisdir:

J(U-

'I YO UlIiC opynuc - yc rini deyiscn top : KOllY10JIIll ii raru. : f)li ~

monde arull criyanm Inrkihi, vcri \'"l ali)~ sisterui huqqmda y a ll lr ~

fikir oyatmaq n bir ncca al;)$ mvqcyindun ardrc.! ala:;; acan
ayn ca top ',10 ya al ~ bbnosi. ' Rus familiyasr KO'1 CBOii \..:0<;
trki zmi ila bag hdu (Cyncpancxau.. J 20).
BbWK - r us di lind o ki qodun trk ahnmalanudnnchr ( Fas mcr
1,3 73); Sz n trk dillarin daki i i) ' K, yiitc, jk, y k stiz lilrindilll
(har za man rpya, T51)KeCTb mn'nularmda]: Iiirk V ;) Azarbaycan
dil lerinda isa div arda kt $kaflldolab soklinde yataq V,) dig,)!" ,1:;;_
ya lan yigmaq n ycr ma'n as: mola gnlmisdi r. AL111as i Nik itinria k fonn asma tcz-tcz ras t gulini r (Dmitricv 53 ~). Misallar : B h ID KIl rrnnaror, '1YTh nc yuearor Jl IO}lc ii l(a;.JO!],I!i pJ3.
ern a 0 6 h(3)fWI()T lI X BepXOBJI C CTOPOl-iOii, rztc ener rnyoxnii
(Fpn ocno n. It y rcnu c aattucxn] . .. . BO pOTl IJIC51 B

TJH!lJJlIC, H<lI( Y-

n nn ccc a cpxouu x H Bb JO'lHbl X noutajtcii .. . c nOCTa aaaut.cro

ornpan un ncncury (rpJ1GoCJ10B. (11.I3. LYJJr<lpll llY 24.7.2R r. Kaaau-m) ; lfcJI OBCK MOl co nr.to-nn.um JlOi lJaJ\h /lll l OT MCWJ OTCT;UJ (ll y rcU1eCTBIIC IJ Ap3PYM rJJ2) . Fe'l: MI, I BCT;]JJJI C rroCTcJlcii pimo, ' 11'0 6 1,1

Bee YJlOIKJlTb IJ HaBbIO ' JllTb Ha JlOlUa1\ci (K.(J).AJ~CJ l)lrr. rJIICJ,/lIO K

OTUY 1828 r. B KlJ. AC.rpJl60e,'lOB B BOCn OIlIJHl a lJ lI 51 X C(lIlpCJ\ ICllllll KOB, c.170-191). T IDK fOJll1asmda ci a i:;;kmilir: CJlo;.ra !13 T JOKJI IIJl.OJ]r,
CTCH bl OIT BhJlllCJl B CCHII, ce)1 TaMII :KIK}l)JJJl Tp y6K}' ((BC}tr,~.I ;I ) .
llla.rlam - Trk dillarindu, 0 cmludQJ1 AZiJrbaycan dit indo s ala~, ~a la9-achr dcmekd ir (Radiov 4,35 ; Fasmc:r 4,3( 7).
$al a$ sz miiasir ru s dilind,) agacdan mV'ltFl tJti tikilil> (Ce r]] 5I T.. 17, c.1243) llliJ'nil ~1 1Hb gC lli~ i$li4dil ir. S~l l a~ !laI A-f.Scyidov. Rusca -<1zorbayc<1l1t'a i7ahh !lIJrb i fClJlJin/ ,-)T /j;ii(i, s. /4.5

min mo'nularda XIX usr rus adob i dilinde da ge ni$ isti fada cdi lJlyflpoBCKJ1 li nCKO'HlJJ C KpoBaTH, CXBaTif)1 0pJ0Ime 11 BbJW C)I IU untnau ra Ujy6poncio Jii rn . 19). I1 li OJlrO He cnanoct, Cl\-IY
mis dir.

TOI "]{a na

COJIO/IIc, B CtlJlOBO/II

mana ruc (Iiyimu. Ha xyrop c).

Szu canh rus dilinduki digar yaxin varian o lan salas

$iJkli nd,j rast gclinir: ...51 lJ CTO/O TaK-TO BOJnc eauaura. rmDKY,
ll K no nyry lIap011 OT llCp KBJI rr.aer (liyunn. Xo pomas iKH 31lb ).
K iiltrnu W) nzizlumu sukilisi (-ik) ilo: 13 ozunr MUf no ne
Jr OKp hJJ3 aC1'G J neerpuf 11 p5111aIllJ1 6C JlblX manaunncun (KynPIfH.
I1POlfOpJllJl K apl\-lciicK llii) . R us di /ind e ~ paji B mau aurc ifade si
gcn i.;; yayrhb Bu puldan d vlntd an ilstn tut ula u yo xsul heyat~<ll;l ~ sz ilu ifad,) OIUllCl I1 huya t yo'ni. burad a islodihnose do
nuzordn tutulau saray s z iln snlas sz n n qars ilasdmlmasr
h iss olunur ( JT IIJlJ 1>I). Bbl no BIIJJJI M OM Y, BCC c- rra cre 0 pae B
manaurc a II C, 0 J!CHb r Jx. A J T O - ncxruoro DO TCnepCllJIIO MY
npcxrcun . KOr;13 0 umnaru e IJ p ac He BOCn OMH JlaCT JI3)I(C B llJYTKY
Of(aJICTa ).

ljC'PWlK - ru s dilina trk dillerindan kcan bu s zn

(Radlov 3,18 6 9) osas man boyi iran mansoli hesab olunur (Fasrncr 4.336). S z mnnsayina gro [ars s zd r. ik i hissedsn ibaretdir: nr<ahar (d rd) Y") tag (d irok). T rk dilinde drd di ra k
(tir) zarindo atq tikili, dam (na ves) g za ti evi ma'nalannda-

dtr. 'J rklard un cnnub-slavyan dillerin a kemis . Azerbaycan dilindo du mo'Iumdur. Cl rrklorinda tobii ki, bu sz olm aml$ dJr ( Dm itriyev , 55 1). KOQ -da a rtag ~<)klinded ir: Beyrek yuca
art; lqdan baqd l. bazi rg anlan g rdi (IV boy). crdak (arda q)
dil imizda oldugll kim i rus d ilindv da cv in da ml va atJiI rtyn
ar aslndakl yer Vil l11 iiDyyun l11uqsa dlarln istifadD olunal1 tiki li
m,/nasllloa i ~j 8 d i lir; 13 31'011 KOillIlaTC CT0 51fl CTapCJJJUIH, BepO_H no C f(aKOI"O-Il H6Y}~b ' leplia<IKa cJleccHHblii CTOJlJfK . .. (JTecKoB .

1IcKY}l<m). Q .SaUaro v oykonll1 tcrminlvr (kermen, kala, kurqan. or, lau, ka ta .. .) sJrasmda ardak tenni nini dD qeyd cdir :
Qcy d clmak lazll11 chr ki, Dl~ ti Q rpaq orta asrlm dvlatin in pa yfaxt! afsanvi a rdak $a huri olmu$dur (YKpenJTeHHC, nal16oJ!cc
JaUJHrucHIl OC

/II CC1'O, KperJOc1'b , ropoll , CTOJT llIta ma'nalannda

197 ~

Ulv.r-

g l iJ. ) hu ifud ndun ISlllil d,J cdilmi sd ir. ardaq ev rno'nasmda

Bu sz n clave mu'nalnnna rus diliu dan top Ii1d 1t!1l1lll. dil

matcn allann c mayv-n qudar da olsa qars tlnsmaq o lm. H ,, ~

kaxrb huy nt turzi. yo xsu! ev anlanuudadrr : HeT, 6p aT Bn ua : M ysa. nunuo. IICIIOI\O II BCKY ClI ll CJI<l Ha u cpn n x e r ono n u aa . na IJ
Y:ICT CIIl ICTI. I v nuwcnn uc 11 ocxopncun uc). 13 u kontckstda
urdaqda otu nnaq vaz rcua n n. ru um iyyotla yaradrc r ad arn la n n

c lan crdak soz ndan }, Muqu yisu cduk:

no vsk vi laynti ud u ki sch ar ad uu hildiru'.!

avez mdo : J..la Y -rc a

Ha 'H'P,l:Ih':(, - 10 II TU

crdn k h

ro nopu' r. nnuxauo? -

y ucn a . .. na IlJ IC'1<lX nc ' ICJM t\ K. a

D neii . a TO ;.KC caxroe. ' ITO 11 Y n c s xo r o ' ICJlo -

CCIIO . H 3DIIIIIITC r o no ptrr,

r OJI0 8 a , 11 HC CC110

BCKJ, '-1.1 0 60 rOM ryan up uum u au cuo (J ICCKOB. ((U OI ITCJl l. l l l lJl;\)) )

Burada ardaq -

s znn ilkin mo'n nsma usas.m hu s z

mncazlasa bitmisoir. Adoton ardaq ya bos quhr. ya da kdh uu.
la Zll 11SIZ scy le r Ylglilr. saman-klos Ylg lll a q cn d il ') IH!;ll1
is tifada cdi lir. Burada ha ~ evaz inde n rd a q islunmas i hal1\JJ1
rua 'na ila e laqod ard rr. Rus dil ind o ko bud sa kildu lak in da lia
ifadoli ola raq crda k bas sznn yc rino i$lad ilir. 2 Bil' stra ifa-

dalerin torkibindo cardagm cvda Uv meq sodl a istifada cdilmosi

ila bagh isla dilir:
p RJl

4 Cplll l11<lM II H H e

stapan 61,1 11<111 (,111.1 .

II C

mee-

yxraroro ll Cpu a" (lI YU1Kll Jl. ( MO Jl:lX) ' lCPllillllllll'l;nk ' lap-

nar utaiia-na KC' IlJP:-'UIK: J{01\llIaTa cro, II Tl)(: TbC1\I eraace. T OJll , Ka, - r OROpHJI 0 11 , -acam , ' ITO Mhl Ta l' iI(IJ BCM BbJCOKO, I'>lhl 'I (,P lW W Il 1l 4 a C ~ 1 (CMllpHOB3 - Poeeer. Bocuaxmuanus . n " c l, :-,. W)
1I0 - 'l e p .a a '1II 0 C; Eun o no-uc pnauuoxry te nno 11 .uYIII IIO, Il:lXJIC'
OCThIDU lII M llLTMQ;\1 c aacc , II C tl a ~ lII ( liYIII III . )K 1I311 h Apcc m.cunj:

ac-yalavac dolamu ala nn a isaro olun ur.

J bl' l ~T<l . A la HI. Azorbaycn uca ala crq. ba sq rrd va latar
dillunndu ala tk, qo d iru ru s dilinde a la uqa sa klinda d ir, Szn
uvvul iuduki a vurgusuz oldugun a g ra dsms d r (m q.ct: noIIla )IL). l l1'll ln pllCB. CT5/, 540 . Musir rus dilinde 0 qa dur do byu k olmay an . pis cv . d axma mo'nns uu bi ld irir, K ozrrcv Srczucv skiyu rsunad ederuk Iauqa> sznn bil' srra rus salnamalarindo [Novqorod IV, N iko nov. Simconovsk i) (anav rora, an anyra)
:;;oklind\J vnrhg uu g storir.! :XVII esrda artrq Ala uqim rus fami Iiyasl kim i {tacir Ala uqi n lo r) islandiyi ma 'Ium dur.? La u q in ru s
fanuhya sr is;) .uu q lauq u s z ila baghdrr (Cyn cpanc s as.
l\ . l1.CYCJIOBa . c.93). A znrbaycnn di linde ala iq (kc e ri menzili )

k i IJ) i i.';;i , l cl tl i r.

UY3CKIIX pO Mall ll ClOB IIX 1\lOJlOll LIC r c p o Jl TOJI b KO ' ITO rl j1IfCX,llI -

llur hansr bil' yasayts yenrun miskinliyini nazoru arpdtrrnaq cu rus dil indo lnuq a s zndan istifada ed ilir. i1 k baslang lcJa n hu s z k ii k mva qqou cv. salas ma'nasmda islarun eY'l basluvrr. Qa u tiirk ctnik ta fa kkr moh sulu olan la uq a sz.
uruq X\' 1I1 usrdo n is dilinde masir anlamd a istifada cdihnaya
ba ~l anJlJllI ~J II- .J Lallq alli aujka cv (mactlzi ma' nada) 1ll <l' n a SIIl d;] g L'nJ ~ ~,,) k i l d .) i ~l i.ld iljr. M \l ~ nl iJn : layuqa cv l11\)'n a Slilda
<)Icb U s p c l1 :"k in lll ' ISHrl'Jri m l' l Xii :- USull, Rastcryacv kii<lsinin

WIt C B fl ap Jl)K 1I fll}J )UlllJ II C 1Ia n e r o C IJbl COTh J KaKOIO- Il IIGYJll,

,Id,)\hnl >l adl

. . C TPYll O~1 u 3 06 p aJl c ~ BCPX lI llii

" YIO

KJJCryW KY

a~ ag l

baxm aq:

(KynplIli.

J1aiK,

11 C8010 HlJIYIO ' l l' P -,f;l 'I -

Yu xan dan
y (Ilpar r-

\(CK PJlflK<l ll a r a lll ll ll l) .

T a Kll e JlM CJlIJO CJloml ' l a CTO n p O ll) 1l 0 C ~ T

'l Cp.ua K3 ( KY II P IllI.

4 CPH hlii

TYl\lan ) ; U c q ar g ll~<:l.

ycr :

rI o iill Y lIa

nODClIlYC b (JleCKOB. f pa6c:>K). l x Jl m<1Z \'Llziyy;.lta

bu adam zu ldrnmY<l bvlku ba~qa ycri ~ c d i. BUrIa
bax mayaraq ardag m a ldvnaynqdan kUIlar. sak it yer old ugul1 <l

tlC plltl KIl

d ~ n

aJbnda b i rl ;,J.';>m i~ !-; ilsi /IJ oc r kJerinda fez- Lez i ~ ! ;)d i

Inli:;;d lL Burll(J;i a yalo t. ~a lw ri ll(hJ kcoll as rin GO-Cl illorinin ba ~

langle Jilda lllilddi C\lhull!Jll ~ I X Il1 I J i\'illdu ya~aya n a~ag l ta baq a 11111 h iJY'lll ak s ollll1mu~d l! r. Hu aglr sos ial miih itd<:J rtlst g<J linon
~

f " -,, 1/011'<'1' i{ r. OIlI"

'!';U q (,W 10 iJ

I rCammopoG.
2 Jl

co JII(1~('III/('.\1 ,,<'oJl(){J
C l: / 988, A~ I, c-I '/

OI"'OI/W/II'ieclwe l!I l'p.llllllhl

pll il 11I1/11)(1/)(''' '0.-.'0 1IJ I.11\0 1/ IIWIl OII/UlIIlI,

.l'cnellc!w ii Cwoo

(J

CJ/06(/,\ .

('.3./8

q,, ~

J98

/I

ce, ~ n "

6 11011 (1 '

'; i ' 1II 1" 'U IW

l<T "" IIJI '1(' /III!!

m~'JI~'llJlIf'I(f (l/~I'CCIo::o.\f

R:lblKf', C

f ') v, - i 'f~'-:,

(.2()5

1 /( hl ,/ "" "" . I' / :/ '''11,/,1:11''1<1. () (',uJII006pa 3 (/(! (// II( '.'lh u m

1!II"l);'-'U'iU" ,; 1'.1'<'1'/:0 11 >1'1/0/10::(', ( ' r, 1985. .V 'I! (', /-1.
. IJ.'; ,L /'

15.

(Im o//' I /WJlIOI 'IJ'It<f.-,J,'(I !'C,//Ollal h ll o..'l) C.TflfI{/Ji R VI 'C Cl<nr tjw.llIIJ/wi

Il I JO()Y I\III/IIIII OCIIIII

dilan i me ise n. a ~ a ~;J toboq cnin surx oslugu. m t'iliyi, c.ihnlut Vi )

bu kimi agl r hoyat demckratik mvqcdon isrqlaudmlnu sdrr. HIl
he ya t terzin s aid bil' o x x susr yy.ulor yaztu un digur sonrakr

oserler ino do kca l' : :lI1 i ~dir. Y a ll ":l z hu huvau iuu umilu sdiriei t crminl a - P;IOPHBllJlIlI<l)' adl an duuusdu. Bil "'l dq;'ll

my kon dlori. Beyl aqau da Saraytopo qodim yas ay rs ycrinin qalt ql.m .vn s. Saruy adr <la g iiman ki , toponirn yarad an vasita la rdundi r. O vv al le r yaln tz h k mdnrlunn . so nralar iso camiyyatin
ykso k to baqnsi na moxsus so xslo rin iqama tgah t olmusd ur. Ru s
dilinde. J JJllap l! OIH' C. 'ITO nouramt IJ KWDKCCKOi K OH JQUlIIC.

matnlerda lauqa sz beh s ctdiyi miz alarlardudtr: Pucrcpa cna ynuua JIC;.t\IIT Ha ropoacxo tt eropc ue. 110 06111lli i K(lJ IIl PII'I

JlI01Ici 1l0 M CCTlI Jll I Bcapac... 11

pa o -r ero ropcna orpmnncs

rus dilindo brn toplanen materiallar iinda saray sz ilo

bag ll nmun ulor bu mu'na ile baghdrr. Bu sz ox hallarda rus

J I<I ' I YJl' I~ C .

IICOTKYIW

nc

11 3,'ICCI> , 80T MC;'],-,IY IIp0111 11>1. IJ

33LUI1UJCll l10 i

3a6opa!\111, np oa.n anc'r

npe.tcraunrcm.nuuu cocr ncnuo

paCTCp5JCIICIWrn

CTap'UI. COJl)laTK<l. xyxonr.n una

<I lp am, t PaCTCpHl' II0i i

ru.r). Lauqa bu kimi metnlurda kastb daxma

M<lCTCp CTl\a .
Yllli -

(lIp Il 3 C~1I1 n(, l c

1I01103p1ITcnhlla}l na-ryra. np ocraa .tla' I)Ta ) mu'nasmdadr r. Asag ida gati rncevimiz mi sa lda la uq a sz yanza rafat .
yan kinayo ilo isla dilmi sdir: Mpa'Hlhlii lIon6 p }.!CO IIi uac-rymur.
11 R I10'JTII C3B hIXO }ll iO CH;.],y B c uo c .11a' 1)';'I' I' C (l lll .Jl op cp.

Jla '-IY..KKII.

3 all IICI'1I xt oro BP C1\I (;I III) , L1 tHl ~P> s/. YCll<l moeuzi mo'na da mas ir d vrdn do raluu mauzil. cv szno qar'<; l islndilmisdir:

OTBblK IK IIBH u

f inaroyc'rpocmn.r x

uap'rnpa x . OT T:l KIIX

(A .ABneeJl KO. {(O TJI)'l ICl l lIe) - 31 I a M H)~

11:1'1)'1

19<3 9. N!!4. c_g3 ),

C uprui . Sarav - ru s dil ind e tr k dillari ndoki xa rukt cr mo'.
nasma uygun olmayan ma'nada di ro klor stnda ard aq. beyvan .
yem. od un Ylgma q n ist ifada ulunan ycr \'3 s. M qayisn
cdak: bol qarcada byk cv , palata islcdilir. Sarny s ziinn
c ski ru s di lindo X IV-XV es rlordo islanme si qcyda JIIJ1IllI~cll. l
Dmitri cv szL n fan, diilndull trk dilt.niJl\) kcdiyini gsl;)rir.
La kin bu sz tiirk cl illor il1\J dah a yaxmlJ gl a ks c{(lirir. BUllu Szn fonctik xlisusiYYOltlnri ila yana'<;;l, liirk d ill,lrind " saray s zna top onim kim i d v ox rast g.alilll1lasi lik rimi zi t;) sd iql a yir.
nki (~sa ray areal co gr afi adlardandlL rta :.)s rl~)rd~l XZi)r
dvllizinin <ld l anndan biri Qw l Onla imp cri yasi payta xlt Saray
[Ju rk;) Orta As iya da . Tala nsl an. T rkiyath-l. AZiJrbayc;1l1<l a. n
c m ladan Nax'lvamia Saraybu laq dagl, Qub;'lul ala . .Bakl(la Sa-

JI ' InCM (X al1)J(JI

yra UJII BaeT JlX eno

di lind o mn xsu s ki il na ma'nah sa kilcitik) isle ni lo bilir: M OJIo no noercuuuc n OIl HJI. '-ITU :m a '-IHJIa lU BI 4yp llca 11 cr? IKCli bl
paman unaiourccs J1 1e1l Ka , capan-mxn 11 rpecnynumc BCTJlbl . . .

Saray sz rus ada bi di lin do bil' ox szlorlc islenmoklo bu tikili nin. bil' ox nvlerini g sto rir: Ih.epa c

( YTpO 1I0;\ICllJIIKa).

rp n uan nar i .r o l t p yT II MIi OTlJCJIII Ha Kp,.IMCKH il. Lpon, B KapCT Ubl H

cnpuii yn cucc s c ro no u a (cuo ua 11 M HP))); I1a n pyroi )l CBL
ncucp osr on, eau H C 3UlI}! xa, O'tyJlIJICJI Ycc 1lIJlBOpKOB, nporn n

KaM Tenen " COXII,

y IIU X 6 1>IJIO CBH11all J.C

B 11 II.eTpYMellTll. OM capac CTO.llJIlf nop ,II11nJlyr ll, o pon n ( q >aJlbUJlI Bbi C ncu s r u} O xsat-

banzatmu : B

OrpOMIIOM 11 nYC TO KaK capaii, KOMH3TC.. .

cc CCIHlOr o cnpa a, r 11C oa un pas OCClJbl O

(Toncro . {():l b H BOJI~);
I11n,

croann

!l BC Kp OB3TH

(Kynpna. Tpyc): (6ml3 urarrunna} Bnyr-

pi l neecapano I1 xpai inc ncnpu encxaremuo (Hexoe . B CY11C))).

CCIl3m"c3 1l3iL Rus di linde islo no n ser a l var ian bu d ile
fransiz redakte si i!" daxil OI 111u~d ur. RlIS edebi dil ina kitab yo lu
il\') daxil al an seral dah a eksprcssiv alarda, sultan saraYI, lm ~
I'v111 Xana kimi ckzotik dvyvrlnrda sasloni r: ... 11 6Y11TO 6hl if C
6 h lJIO 111I lI.a JI HOp ll.C Y n e r o , lIJf no ncpCB mlM cra IIH 011110" ncHYIllKII, Ka KYIO 6 LI 0 11. K

ccGe, B CDOJO ccpa;n,.; ua nepnyJO

lIe T p e fio BaJr ( liYHl IH.- ~< li an JI aJl a ))).

HOll L

P a:3 ~IO B e Ka }l pacCKa3bIBa-

OT , . '-ITO KJlH3 J. Tpy 6 cTCKOI '-ICpe3 i l Ba MCC.SI. Ua n p OJl a CT )J{an.H-

1tl1l p OBCK)'l O 11 CCp aJIL T)1>CIl KOMY

cYJrraHY (n .WerOJJOB.

AJI CK-

CCCIlCKl l ii p <l BCJlI11I ).

K'lJ I:l.Il 'll -

--== =-_

ne pC B011'-IIi K

M y par). Bunun la bagh o laraq g ste rmo liyi k ki,

T iirk dilliJr indi'ln altl1ll1adlr, k ala -

KpeIlOCTb

(kIlhIkdir (F ilSlllcr 2, 165). Sz tiirk dill:Jrint!;:lIl niS dilina XV I II

<;;,. ~

200

e;;;, ~

a sr in ortalannda kcnusdir. Rus iyada kalanalar so hordo poli s

idaralart vo yang m hissalari binal an uza riuda qurulurdu . Turk ca
kala (n)a- k iik qala (Iljancxuf H.M . 2, 24). Dnut ricv do S7n
-a. - e kiil uua sakilisin in kma yi ilu qala va ya qllu sz ndi311 diizaldi yini qeyd cda rak k nlun a lckseruinin q alu a s zndan ya randtg tna s tn lk vc nr (Dm. 559). Soherdo tikinti , qiil l' l

Il oan mui ' JaCH) ,

yay tln as t balaqan s zn tars me nsuyini sb ba altma sahr.

Gc nis trk co graf iyasmda - esk i trk yu rdlarmda Balaxna Nijni .- Nov qor od vi layatinda (R us iya) se hor, Balaqan - tarixeu
Siilird <l [rkutsk vi lay..n ine baxau inzibati erazi - Balaqa n daira si
olmusdu r ilk in mo'n asm da: l l Mbl 3a WJl II B OJ1I1I1 113 ua ih rsrx
amna uou ... ()K IIJ llh Ap ccut.c ua). Mva qq a ti cv, matbox. soor
l 11Xm<lSI, motb axi: COJI}{tlTLI TaUl llJIII JIpOBa 11 XBOp OCT 11 CrpOIl.'111 a n a ra u -u ucn (Boi iua 11 unp) ... nauan ocs LlBHiKClI lle BCTY11 HIllllX (!lp a ll UY3011: JIll l\laJ111Ch KYX HlI, Iiana ratu.r (YC I1<:t orad a);
rli soraitle ala qcdar olaraq balaxana scklinde (asl inda 01-

Benzat mo: J~ Hiindiir boylu adam: 13ep3 11JIil, C 1":1JIaJl'1 1I

pOCTOM , a nn a -reun, (vexo e. <u\K 1CIJCK'UI rJlGCJlL))). 2, Rus diliu-

",gu kimi ) istedilmis: 5[ nouren

113 JlO IICCCHll ii ) . 1

da di m -dik daya nmaq, qarstsuu kusmok mn'nalanndadt r:

kalana kimi durmaq : Bcp311J1a Jl eI1CII'I)'K CT05lJl nepen tuu r, K<l K
x ana n -ra, irapens a ureeens et. 11 KOC HCb ua nero (lic rnuc B Ho uopocc nn) .
Harbi qa la q llu. B nepn on necmnc B J~TLI 6 W II I lI BC

Rus bodii dil inde ha lnqa n s z nn ox maraql r meeaa i

rua'n ala rma rast ga lni k. Yngl mvaff aq iyye t. ucuz sh ra t:

(Okurkin) - Bvepa, lIIaT)1I1Ka , C 1c<1; 1<111 ' 111 'cIYTl. 6hIJIO cuanunca
IlMI.l lblii COJIJlaT, - paccxan.man 0 11 r' Icxoe. l lpa umu -u ra 110BHHJlO CTh))); .. .Hall, canauu TOpll11T uoxapna xan an un (IJ YIlIlII.

x an a uu n , KOIlX n)1lJKIi o-tnur a nn

Ilon.

u cpc a xoropuf IIpV JICra -

na rpo una uem. (l tcropus Ilcrpa I 1695-16 98 I'.). Tarixon rus

dilinde mehz bu ma'nas tyla isledilm isdir Moskvuda tarixi urazi
adlan inris inda K alan a mcydam da nhuusdur: l lpc ncraun ,
vro Mhl n pnexan u B MOCKBY na cc ucpu u HII KOJlaCl:lCKllii IIOKaan 11 u cpc s Bbl COKlII1 naccascnpcxuii aan BblXOllmI Ha

-racnxy - nnonram,

rpc x BOK3<UJOB (IJOJ1Ce

Kan a u-

30 0 ncr TOMY J1a33iJ.

311CCb n a K aJl3 1JllaeBCKOl\I none, p ac n o na r ancs UaPCKlI ii nyrcuoii

ll BOp CU C IlLICOKOll 6aulIIcii -

K<lJJa ll'IOi i. bhlTL ;\IO;I\CT B CIIJI)'

TpaJUIUJ l l1 ap xllTcKTOp T OII, IJp n e KTJlp OBaBlllJl1l lIII I, (w <!e Be l\ ll ii

BOK3aJl , lf y nc lI ' laJI ero 6 a llJlIci i) .1

[)~lJla rall yann arkalarda xln la-para <l lvcr pi.$taxtas1.
hami nill yataq adlrm. Tlirk dillurindnll balaxan<l iist olaq

alaqapi ii sinda olng )) mu' nalan nda a[ lll m l~ d l r. v ski rars dil ill da ndir (Fa sm er 1, 112). Tlirk dilleri nda d nha gcu iS Il1U'n a SI \ ';)
, IO.A.l f:'J..c a ,u)IHOfi .. AllX"-(;<1 ,m pno'.)f ' (;I'I;IW: .

IJ .."II. ("1111)(11" 111',(

..en". 1991 , c.8

~~

202

."'1'1.1""111,','"

lt. . .

--====---

Iiannxa tre cno...

(MaJlb UCB.

Kp yuuuu i npoucnr nou ren no TOPUO" nopere n san c-raa jlBYMhlCJIClI lIO ro Ii n n ara t mnru vc nexa ,
p IlII .

aaxynncntax

IIlITPUf

(A. Kyn-

(~K cnaac]. Burada' keernis meshur artist olan nca sa?at

pro fesso m artist olmagi qerarlasdtmns ge ne qi za-z ta lebes ine

bu yo lun co tinliyi va dr am artistlarini gzleyen aq ibat haqqmda
xabu rdarhq cd ir. Bal aq anmy uspex ifade si bir g nlk ligue,
hay -kyl u, qonda rm a nail iyya tlar, qlsa m rl. laki n basgicella ndiron se vinc va s. ma 'nastuda anl anth r. Asagida g sterece yim iz mi saJda bn laqnn trkizmi yngl, asa n basa ge le n is, aylonco, cyni zam anda ibarobaz hq me 'nasirn vcrir: Il oeaat.mair e
TO. lITO r p c y e r c s lI a CT3BJICHHCM, 3)leCL BaM He a n a r an n a
CIHlToii He;lcn c (Kyn pll ll. <dl oeJlllllOK) ). Zab itlar aras ll1da m<JN
zalllalll ge dvn bu s hbat da ba laqan (burada aylonca ) ciddi
nizalll-i ntiz3m la qar~l la~d m 1J r. A ~agldaki mi sald a balaqam> s znda ki kinay daha g cl d r: CnYXH 0 KaKIIX-TO 1I0JlbCKHX Jle1" 1l01l<lX, KOTOpb lC TO)f(e 6YJlTO 6hl lIn.yr enacaT Ha c . KCTaTn , 1l0 'I CMY II MCIIII O JICfII OII'? KaKOC 0 6uJlu e 1I0B blX lf Be e BCKOKO-

llapllhlX CJlOB.
I /1;1\

,,,1/

130 Bee M IIlll a . 6anarall, BblCOKlIii CTIIJI, Hanbl -

A CTpllfJiJe006

6 6Q('ll a.HlIlIClIllIfU

cOO/Jf!.u eHH/I!\OI1 (291-30 1. c.1 99 "-lImablH-

WCII Htl$l JIO\ b

( 11.fiYIIIIIf .

O 'G1HI[ I[ hJt:

}11 11 1 ) .

Yazrr burada

qrmuzilan n qal oba lari nat icasindo artan hurcma rcli klur iinda
suda bogula n sarnan pndan yaptsar dcyilon kim i hur bir
deyis ikti ya bel bagl a maqdan . midvcri ci na iso g zlom nkdan arn q usanrm sdir. Odur ki, mhacirar s rxmuiannda bu ra zo xaberi

do inamsrz qla qebul edir. bu qurulusun arttq dayismaz olduguna aruq inamr. buna g rodir ki, hor cr yc ni xoba ri soyuqqanhqla , midsizhkla qarsriayrr. Hurada onun ycmdon csitdiyi
asli n e arxaik s z olan va ycnida n canlan dm lnn Jcgion sz
ya ztmrn alominda hay-uyl lICUZ bal aqan ta 'sir i bagl~JaYlr.
Il oceror pen ra3CU!. Bce TOT /KC a.uuun IOKa$l IIl IIoIC 11I1m .
Bu sz Buninin gsta rilon as e nn de ox islod ilir.
L.N .Tolstoyun iri becmli Son e t na dcm .. kdir? m uqalo sinds aynca bi r bas hq dekadent e dahi yya ttla ra hosr olunmusdu .
Burada yazrmm islotdiyi anara n unura , anaran uo, ifadosi
de yn gl, uc uz s hra t. sonet adma g zo kl iifiinu n me'na lann dadrr : Bec J TO TaK rnyno. 63.1an1ll11. YTO Yll IIBJI51Cl ll bOJ. Ka K
MOJYf monn er apure CCM" n CT Cep l.C 3110 npnc yrca ona'n, npn
3TOM: 110 rtacav n xna auopaaoaanu u x mozieii ClllUIT 1I B1IJ1Marern. uo CJlywaI-O T, 11 eMOTp51 T, 11 I\OCXIlI III,:1I0Te}l (Tnl stoy g starilon maqale si, osarlori . LXV, s. !52). Balaqan xz a~aglda
g sterocoyimiz mi sallarda da yuxanda gs tordiyimiz ma'n alara
yaxmdirsa da bu SZIl nnla nundn daha xaraktcrik misalJaniJr:
3a p h ll laJI. 3all J,l)l - cpom a 1I0JlOCbl , r OI\ Op l lJl KIIW3b lUaxoBcKo.
Ha }IpMaHKax B 6a JIarall c Tc6c lI rp a Th . ::h o lil' apTlICTf,J, a Ga.Tl a r a ll ll hl C na5lJ~bJ (A.fIall acBa. 13ocllm1J 11l:111 1l5l ); .uo Trom BpCMCIIII B pyecKofi mn cpaTYPC cmc li l' 6 1.IJ[0 n p JllllCpa ' IT0 6l>1 ]10Ma H nll CaJ IO I B1J:BOCL\I , 11 110 J1"OM)' lIonony U .l l.I ;OTKllll rOnOp llJI

Il alf3cBY:

HCJI b3 51, JlJ06C3I1b l ii

.l1pyr, Hem'Hl

Cp a MllT h TaK CBoii

( Y CIli.J
orada, s.176). Bu misa llarda da !J<lqiqi sa nv lli.l. h'-lq iqi a dub iyyatla sax ta Sull<:Jt Vu <:>dab iyyat z fa rql<1r ilH iiz-izv durur.
Rus di lindo ~< ba l aqillm sz bir :ma l1l <l raqil \'a dol g ull biriK)l)J1aJll) -

:) TO Oa Jli.l ra ll CT ll O. :) TO Y" lliK <lCT JlJlTc p:nyp

lO~llla lari ll (J1r p)l IJC'-IlI bli 6 <1.'larall, y ucCCJII ITCJlhll hij aJla rall)

vllla la gvlmasinda

i ~t i rak

Clllli"dir.

204

<l;;> ~

-===_

I\'Y" :l1\:- konl/qo n gccalamek, (qonmaq) fe'l kknden yarannusdu. Trkca konak aounnnc, JlOCTOIDJhlii noop. eunna, ocoWIK ; tua'n ala rtm ifad a cdir. Basqa trk di llerinda (Azarbaycan
va si maklan basla yaraq ) kouakkunak uzaqda n gel e n V<J gcce le mc yn qalan adam - m sa fir mc 'nasuu das ryrr. Rus dilina bu sz
I Ni kolay zamanmda kcmisd ir (Dmitriev . 539) . Rus dil indo qonaq-d ost. m safir (roer s) mc 'nasmdad tr: On OT)lUBarI crapuryio
}lO' l b 33Mj"'A<. a 1II!>1 6 hIJ III C I1IIM K)'IIaK If (Fcpof natnero BpC MCIIIl),
Rus dilinde K)'1Itl)'K:uJ (qonaq otagi) bu szdan yaranmisdu: H a e npn1I}1J111 co nccxrn I10 YCCT51MII 11 nOBCJIII Bxyuamcyro (Yena orada).
Kunyp a. KO Il sz ilo bagf rus di lindo konura trkizmi do vnrdtr. M .Fa smcri n ctimoloji Ig\Jtinin haq qm da yazd lg l
muq alusiudn Nfjaskakov onun tiirkizmle r srrasma dax il ctmodi yi trkizmla r arastnda kr konura sz haqqmda yaz trdi: KonII
ra-bil s z trk va monqol di llori n mu mi s zle rda nd ir. 0
hu szlori qon - gcco lomaye dayanm aq va trk dilla rindo bes
qonur, qonur [man zil - mosafa) szlarile baglay u (qon-gccolamnyu dayanmaq. UT- substantivlosme sa xs, a - rus d ili ~a
kilisi ol maq laj . tkus dilinde bu sz it darm (bo'za n it sz ila
birlikdu) mo'nasmda isladilir: XO T$l -rcn cps y n OJIKOBlilfK a BO
1l1l0 pC II OTJIIl' lIlhlX icu ny pax, COllCP)f{aJIIICL na u c n n n n a an c IlJ l1X

ucp cpa . . (Berm.re

Hoaopoccau):

1l 1yr.lII LIC BOJIll bl

cro

"p 11B0115lT B JlB IDKCIII 1C KOJICCa lH 13CIIbKHC OCCTIIIl CKIJX MCJl b IJl IU ,
II0X()>I01X Jla co6a ' lbll IWlI yphI ( lJyrCll1CCTBlIC n A p3 p )'hl, rn .!) .

Rus alal<lr sz va ll1usvl1;)rin tvr kibinda: H ncy IW lIyp KC u

Geni~ lll'nad a yo x sul cv;
hel; bir rahatil gl oJmayan g u ~;) : )!lByr 3T11 JlI0,ll 1l B MaJlCJlb KIiX
1':(11 )'111\::1\ , TU 'II ID IITIII(LI B KJ1CT Ka X (KynplIIl. (On ecJm). Mu!lif bmad a si\' il insanlarll1 cvlllyya t da xi lilldo, 3Jll ll1a te nlw ya~a
!W T )' ll C'l ypKC ( TlOCJIOBJlULJ.. . c.82).

YI ~J anlll

mli'.im !a lutu r.
Illil' ll:J slll d a: !l uc CB: lJa p c Kll if CCJI lI a '-ICMO-

l);lIl1-d ;l\ lIIa

) ta ll C ( 111 ) IH)' X CT)'JIJ,c n naXOlllIBIlJ IIXeH R Tc cno li IwnYIl ":c , Om ll l

, 8. 11.' lia ' I0""""" ';' ~ () 1II"'I'I<l~IIX . "~t/I"(,O"-'I\ JaU.1fcmt/()OIlwn

J. (,,,,,mntll( 1II1"I'''''0.10.'1IJ1. J98./. .\~./. c. /1.

1";></.II

fi PYCCKOM

RJt.iKe

(11

Ot -dim rus diliu da losara kim i islanmisd ir (Fas mer 2,526) .

Bu me'lum at szn al as ..ta l sa kli nde izalnna k ma k ed ir. Ehtimal ki, rus dilin de Ala sa ev fami liya si losadm bu arxaik alasa
~ <lk l l ila bag h drr. Jlou raju, s z il k dofa Lavrcnt i sa lne mc sindu (I J03 q.). Vladimir Monom ax m polovestara qarst yrs qabag J mos ha r nitqin da isti fada ed ilm isdir, I
Jlouraju, - Azcrbaycan dilinde alasa xnaqa, uv as dili nda l asa tataren alas a mcri n - Il3 B0 3H a 51 'nouraru, (Cc no pr s n
[J(1.) Dig nr trk xulql aruu n dili e rinde bun a yaxm ma'n alanudadu: alasu mcrin {c bu s zde n rus sz <DlOJU a)]b,) ya ra mmsd rr
- dcya Radl e v lgnlind tams olur uq ( OJl bIT cJIonap51 1,3 653(6).
l' yccx oc CJlO BO no umu. , Bep0 5lTII O, IJp 0 J13 0 llJ JIO H3 KOM6J1naulnr an arna - ar 1I1 CplIll, noiuant, (LI,1I-1. CT.5I, c.540). Hemin sz
la5a sc klinde y a l 111Z trk ailas ina mansu b cla n uvas dilinde
qo runub sa xtamlnnsdu." Azerbaycan dilin in dialekt VB sive lerindo b u sz 10$ (ta nbal} , IC$ ( l hcyvan ca sudi) V8 eloco de al a sa
(a t ma'na smda] sa kli nde qa lmaq dadt r.
Losad sz rus dilind o ge nis islanmakdadi r: clienncreju,

GblJl cno stan , np y ro ii 3aFlaJICH GYl\lUnn.H1 II Ge JlbCM (1 IYI1JKllll .

E nm CTCKIIC ll 4 11) ; lJ OT 1I1 O"l'BCJHl MC H 5I B "l'1> IOp1\lY, IJ oc'ra ntum

OJlIlO!,O TC CH Oii

tcon yp tcc,

C OJl IIII IIlH rOJlf,1111H C1'CW1:>1I1

C O KO-

tu e -r x o zr , 3 a r Op CJKC' Ql hli>1 )I(CJIC3H OIO P CUI CT KOIO ( K al11tT<lIl CKa51

,n,04Ka, rn ,XIV). Moeaa i rna'nada rok : qa lb SIXl11tISI: J) CIJJCII Jl b li i

3 BCp b pCBJl OCTll aapt.t -mn H CROCi! KOIIYpC II XOT CJl BL ICK 0 II1T I,.
110 JI 601lJIC5I 'rroro 3BCpJl 11 aaucp cro csopc (Kpciiuc pcuo co naTa). TOT CTOJl 1I0 )1aJI I 1 yt ucn B CBOJO KOIl YPY ( l h JCCIII. "lr.rcaua
)]YlU); Ko nurn (it darm } usa stn da mcyda na tx nn ycn i mn'nuhn
ye'n i v oxsul , baxuustz cv>, rna'na lan ,) ~ ya Va hadis ulari hilavasita adland m n aq zamrat i i!o el aqedar yaran rms drr. J 1;:1Il1 dij
grimdy kimi yc ni rne'nalar he da hemisa ohycktiv nlorniu
Vu had isa lorin i ad land mnaq nh tiv acr ila a laq;)dar olm ur. hu'zun
de m vcud nsy a va had iso lori ycn i. cksprcssiv sek ildc ad tand irmaq zerura ti ila alaqa dar olur . M qavi se n apardt g mu z mil sahidel e r zamau senraki illcrdo so barun zorin dok i ra f Iaxa
ma'nasmd a isle dil diyina rast geldik . 13 KOllY JlKC nn tuap uun
CnWJKIJ , 3aJKrJJa orou s (c'T uxn il ,UOH ).
Turk dil la ri nd e atla... bag lJ zool oji lcksika suu n ze nginIiyi ! rus dilino da sirayat etnu sdir. At kulru 11<:11<) erk e n lrk 111 <1dani yyati uda onun etnik tarix i in kisaf boyu atm va at m inici liyinin mhkuru. sabit ye r tutdugunu g storir. Rus dilindo at va
miniklo bagh s zlorin cksariyyeti tiirk menselid ir. At adlan kcyfiyy at va ran gins . me nsubiyyotine gra : apralll <lK , J\ICpll H.
JIOlUa)]b, JJQ llJ aK, ynan-u . uyf iap -t-rii, sapax on -u . Q;Ul -bri"l ,
KlIpn n, Kapa6ax, Tap rraH, 6ax 1\l yr , Ko6 blJla, at vv m in ikla ba g lJ
a ~ ya adlan : aplJa K, Ca BpLJ (sagn szii nddn) , "l'C6CII CK, TCpJIII K,
~' c n p a K (h al11 lS1 yvhDria bagh ), Kall' IYK (qaml), llarailKa (nogal'
qamls l), Top6a (ycm torbasI), CTaKa H'lHK (<l tla bJ giJ b;)Z;:) k), xu1

:>fyr ,

~IOJI Ka ,

5lJl, apKall \'v s.

JI omaJlb. Szn rus dilindo an crk;:)n liirk alt nma larmdan

o ldugunu hala Mcliorans ki qcyd etm i$di,2

J arOH51>1 n o in anc ii 1I p a 3 GIJBa51 JIHu a >lMIUHKO B, noe xan B TJH}lJlHC

(<<X alDIOl M yp ar ). LLJlJICTa CB CKa3,UI B HIIKOHY CCMellwIY, -rro

C1\IY llpJlJI WlII CC }ICP)J(\ Tb }]OlUa llIIHLI:il. sa n o n , \lCM MY3bIKa liToB

Mocazi ma'n ada : (Qodncv sagirde) :

51 na Tc6J1 IIC )]OY3 L1.0K eaacp y, 110rO/IJl rt.r l' 1I.ICWI (Tr,IC5JlI3 n ymu). Rus dilins max sus - ka sak iliSJ i!e: Bes ep e }IBIIJlC>l K 13JlaJlHl\mp y Annpeeausy era pa rt K)":IC p
AIlTOH . . . Ci\Hnp CBJlI H Ii Ja ero i\l<IJICHI,KOH JIOJlJa,n,KOlO ()ly6pOBCIOl!! U I. JIJ). Rus d ilin d" i$b m.m l o~ a k (d ay ilB q~ayi n qan ~ l
g1l1da c10gulan at CCPJJ5L VI, 38 1) bu szla baghdlr: ThMa
l.lCpGJJlllOn, JlO JlI a KO B, KOIlC i (r pIl6oeLl.OB. TI yrc B hl e 3anncKH).
LO$ak niS dilind;j hu m cla famili yadlr (Superallskaa ... s. lOl) .
(1IIICCMCI\Hii,

" ;1 ,Qur baTlvl'. A7.erl!aVCl1fJOl!OIJws tik.1.'f, s. ,\'4

:' Bax: rI.ll.fJonOG. "rl.A. Afe.'1IIopm/cKllii 11 1I).\'~eIlIlJl. 1ll1(1)KII)."oe c pyecnIH HJI>IK<'}> ,

cl ?

KOMIJK )I) .

3TaK:l.l! J10111 "j..lb crcnna!

/3.1.\ : (

'<'111111111(;

Jj,c . 'l i(}I}~"lG\I I'/

1.;1",, I / h~!ol n.l . 11(l1 '~"c~'If('

BOT

(,' p l'Ct'Jw .\/

1'_'11)(;1/ (i

KOllceodll 'Ii,'CKO

mep.lII//{O,Wi'III1,

1I/)(Jl/16fr!JlW1X /{1/1<l. \11/ / fW.W' O(/ 1I

,''' H'' IYY6 )\ ~'I - (j. c..".'!.

; ) "cI1,1 Ol;}dd. s,5S.

207 ~

c.230.

<I TIfI/IKOJIo-

Trk dillariudo, 0 cu tulodan Azarbaycan dilindo pis at mu'nnsut da salax s z Lcrmontovun dilindo islan misdi r. L Cn n 0l1 10 V
Qatkazl t asarinda Rusiyadan bur a ckzo tik ofsanuv i alumu GIIl
ata n yeni Oafqazh -u ra rin i yaratnus, gc yimindak i ma skaradltq dan tutmu s atma q uda r onu mosx o roya qoymusdur: no tunat. lIlf CThl li IlIaJI.'lO X 11 nee t.

xocnou

epxcccxu , oropuf n a.ac-

J3aJ OTCJf TOJIhKO B BaIJmf,lX CJI)"'J(HIX JI c uu rr CMY B rt o.tapo Ka-

xoii -nu yzn, LUIKOii KH5IIK IIOi (Kamouc u) . Aznrbaycan dilinin arxai k qatmda sal aq (at) szune rast gclinir: Bir sa tnq yab nu m inirsun, bir qusu da s klodirsen banuaqtym bas ma (\J. IIJqvcrdiyev Dag.lan tifaq]. Olavo cd uk ki, at anlavrsr ski f atributlan nda a n mhm (qr lmc , kz buynuzu ilu yanast] olmu sdur.!
Bun lar skif medeniyycrini h ifz cdib dvriim zn gotirib r xaran
qadim skif h eyk a llc rindo , btlerde, qablar zorindo rasra lordu

z aksini taprmsdrr.
'I enpnrc. e pra k- ya h ur altllg l. Faruk Smar .cpra k//

aprak dcyiminin yahar rt y nm'nasmdu fransrz, a [I11<111, 111g ilis dillori basda olmaqla diger Avropa di llurin a kcdiyini qcyd
edir. Ru s dilindo isle nen digar bir srra trkizmlar kim i cpr ak:
sz de ham mei se t esyasuun adr kimi, ham do ortomastik vahi d kim i isla nmi sdir: O C0 6 CHllO nrtepen cc s nn Bop aca AJICKCCCBHlIa

f OJ1lIllLJlJa,

KOTOp LJl1

eXaJI

BIICpCJl1I

fiCJIOM apra xra xc 13 TlirpOBOM '-ICnpaKC

]i

notuaan

Ha }lBC

Ha

ll1 , Hl iJ;li,)rind;J .xVI usrc aid san a dd a (po lovcs dilindut va X IV X V I u sr r u s kuya.dnn .nuuulannda ras t galiuir. \ tl anu -o
I lI l 'PC! 11 II II1;ICT1>1 (l'l'poii C l lp ll!11CChlO ll py ro i iu cocru P Bu sz
rus manbal-uindn kifavut qadar islan mi sdi r: ". In cxpn ny-utx
Il ll p OT ut.nu.nu 1\1 ,lT K,1 C lKCpC GCIIKO!\-'l, crapr.ni et c p nu uam. ii Tl
tpcttonc (TOJlCTO ii . Kopu cii BaCHJILcn); y] xraoro ana' tato urcc
pacuu,c ... lu/l'aJlCK<l noueenact. HO -r a no n o iu anxn (<<XOJlOCTO~ICp): j tanuo. LJa.lIO I"O ~ a l lJ )5trll 1I cryna - eKa3,UJ CTapllK AKJI ~l Y (<<Xa)lfl,11 M y p aTl: ] l\OIlOMKa Mapou.nrua n pcnuaana -nrna
ccfi c II H pllBCJ CJl ll hlJ'll IU I [OBOCCJJOBKH ErllHJ\-lOB IIC J1 elicue ocoC1 YIO, l<l YY" IlY 10 KOJKcij , IJ aanpsaceimyro rpo xon I1l'rO-'mJJhl X,
6Pfll lKY (<<COlKCll lJ,UI M OCKB,m) .

C ra I..:a 11. Sta ka nll Dostal,an - aqatay dilinde tosdakan//

tustuka n-ncpcnnu nan -uuua; q lrgJZ dilinde tosdogan tusdagancaska . kov sik . Rus dif abid nlori nda XV I esrin bas lang rcuidan
i$I, )di[ir.' M.Fasrnc r bu s zn 1356-CI il fbrmanlan nda rast islun diyini gsl, lrlll,)k la q,)(1i111 n is almmast o ldug unu gs tar ir (Fasmcr 11 1. 74 ]) . Dnuuic v dn K ors a va K ayum Nasrri Iiig,)tn,)

usnxlnuuraq bu si..i z:n qodim trkco dostakan IItustak an sak findn oldujiunu g s tcrir. Az arbaycan turkcasindo do ya nhs olaraq
rus nluuu ast h cxab edil an bu szn ifada etdiyi asya bu gn kn .lun nisbat en fcrql i sok dco ifade ohmmusdur.
Istekeam P:'lX/Tl
.5'L\'>'o sax/al" axJFl

C 30JIOTLIMU Maxpa:-1lI

(JI.TOJICTO. Pmfall 0 J3peMCIIH IIeTpa I); CaMO c060ii pa3YMccTca, lIT O rrom06 01l hITCTBO BaJI YJllaTh, KaK JIC 13 OKPYiKIi OCTII
HaxOnaTca Y IJl IX IJOMe lllHKH, JI Y3HaJI, lITO BC5IKIIC CCTh n Ol\IClll HKII:

AifallJ sana qlz

VCJ1llEiZ

B l/dur szllJ aXI11

(Bayall)

b JlOXHIl , fl O'-IIITa CJ3 , MblJIhHoli , l lcn p a KOR nO JIKOBlIIIK,

Co6 a KCBW I (roroJlL . MCpTBhIC llYUll f))) .

YaJll.liL

' la JI. 113 BCCTil O B

TIOPKCKIfX

5l3h1KaX , lI <l ' nI HiUI

Rus d ilinin har b il' dvrnd gcn i$ istjfada cdilan szd r:

Ha CTon ax paCCraBJICJihl GhlJIlf GYThlJlIm miBa 11 BlflJO, KOlKall hIC

M .K a lll r a p ll , B qJOpi\lC lIaJI/ / naJI co 3 JJa l JCJl H Cl\I c e[l J,rii, CCJloi!
( ,UMII TpHCB

CT5f, 568; Fasmcr 4, 3 J3 . At n vn b ildi rir. Rus

.\ 1. T

]"a," r/fii. l / n 6.'II0 iJeJl1!1' /w,) Y H m l lf! c JH('J IJI C,lI C"70iI /!1/(IP ,,"C/( O,'O l1f!m /cW,IK'OeIlUe u

/1.\t'C kll\' III/C.H, 'IliI hIX IJ{/ .I/JIIIIIII//(O..... Xl//-.\ V

B.1,'r:

Tp emR lw(I

If. H

/J (JC IIW'1I1O C 7i/ (I}/IIC /;UC

"."I,'.''''!/(] .\/, I1/(J/lII. ( '( ~ "/'. / 953.

c.M.
.J

F.SUI/IOF. TUrfdurda alrlbq \c bin/rib. Tiirk dI IIY:I;;I / l ra" lm ll :i !;i1J})

J'" :!..f.

/ 9,'/3.

5. 75.

Ck(), '(J JI]"'I( (/ \. c ,

/ 55

~ ;' (

"Ji"I'KIU.'/h/

( .'. ( cJlw!Nla.

,. // 10 1(/ 111

208

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1-15)

TiOp kUJ .l f(,J ilOCmO'iIIO- CJlllllfi//-

"IJ \'CCKIIX /lnJ'W III/!lX j/ () /l w r) u >!.

ll"/ ' MWII' > .q",,, ' !I 'U'C k' J('

,' ()-'I I ,C kO .' () I /Cj I !U U )O. C

l f 6U, IJ K/I,:

CT. 198 / , Ni!6 . c.l9.

,),w, ,,'IlIl U,1 (i 11O,'IJlmllli /(O X P V C CK (Ji'O JlJb/KU .'101 / -

MCIlJ KJI C Ta6aKOM, CT a l( .lII 1.1 C nymucv 11 ru axxrm HbJC )!OCKJI

(A pa n Il er pa

np cn no acctu u.u i
er akan uaro 11 nOCTaBlIJI er o n epen COOo (X'-UI)I\II Mypa-r). Rus
d ili ferm an ti qo b ul ctmlkl;'l1I0JICT:lI"-:11 11. naK'lI l 'II IK. CTaK'IlIIKi.l
To pr axoa BbIJIlIJ1 no ncra s nu u 1-faJO 11 Y'" GOJlb Ul C ""' ICI"O IIC rm n.
11 IIC

en

BCJIIIKOrO) ;

( 4 CXOB.

Xa nxcn My pa'r

Kaaax). Ll3U aJTc~K a

aa oxou uannc ncna (Fopsxnii .

l.lCJIO C

RUi n

UI>lIlhCMTC 110 cTaK3uJIo':Y.

aac reao casu r). At be za k

osyasi ad r. Ypancreo xon a au o casroe II pOCTOC. ca YKpalllc

111 111 30J10TO 1I ccpcp o: TOJlKO BbI IICJrCIIII'Ul. C 110 P OIf( Jw i 1I0CCpCmutc, xpacnaa pcxrcmt ax 1'3)IC'IKa, MCT' UlJlI l'lCC KJJC. cnucu n- urxasm, cr pcneua 11 KpacH l,lH ucnp ae mum cnnm ca II J- 1I0 jl CCIVIa

(<<XaJlIK It Mypar ). Xsusi suhelero aid sz kimi artileriya

marmi si gi lzi: Hsan IJJIII1-f Bomen B MaCTcpCKY'0 WC pa60TaJIII
npeccst, QJOPMYll urpancmam c cr axan n (A.TOJICTOii. Cecr pu,
rn .

32); C 'r a x run. ru-K up rinin Ha

nOK OC

h ckayosindc ak tyo-

run leqebidir. v sii adr Ivan St cpa novi olan kc ruis artisti btn
teatr alami mehribanhqla bclo adi mcisur asyasr adt ilu ag lllr.
Tenera - ara ba . Rus dil i obidelerin do XII es rdo qeyda
aluurnsdir (Lllanc xn ii... K3 CP>1, c.439) . Rus d iliudaki d ah a qe dim trkizmlorla mosg ul 0 1<111 Mcngesin fikrincu, tcleqa sz
altay-telcut dille rindan tafarak . togalak {kpyr, xom.uo) formasindan dogmu sdur .!
Radlovun 1gtinda trk dil le rind a ki taka r kolcso teleqi .
sz ila elaqe si m cydana rx ir (R. 3, l OI7). Fas mcrin izalu dah a
aydm va meq se do 1'axlI1 grnr. 0 te lequ szn monqol diliudak i tclc (te ie) - II Cp CIlOC IlTh, nepe BO J IITL ~) ~a kli nd i) n i nki~ af
ctdi1'ini irali srr (<D acr.lep, ECP5I, 4, 38). Azmba1'can trkca sinel;:) yuxandak l ~ ek i llarli) ortag olan tagalaq (cahru el mil, ~i~)
kcirilan ta kvr ~ekill i hi ssv cik " sz ila ya na~ l, canh dalll~ lqd a
t;:)la/t <Jlimak - baglamaq. qO~l11aq , apannaq daha el11osional l11<:l' nah sz kimi i ~l al1ilir : Ki m bUllu l11 lna ti)llJdi?
Rus dilinda teleqa , telejka , ak illari nda i, ladi lir CC P)]}!.
T.15, 298. 0 11 11 on.::aTbIBaJII I K J< p alO CTi1IlO BlI wa T l' JI eJ"n 11 n p ll

ancpe il (Fa p u nnr . MCj (BCJl Il) ; Tcncxctca 3 a CKp Huc na. no n aunynaci, 1I,l'J aJ ! (F ops xu ii. Ha vl au r y n e ) .
A p fia . Ara bn. Bt n trk dil lorindo. 0 cmledan Aze rbay-

IHU hJH,IJ III IC 1111111

eau dilindo araba tclcqa: latarea iS<J arba (Fasmc r 1, 83). TUrk
di llar inde bu szn iki vcrinnn mo'lurndur: cenubda vn conub qarbd n arnba - trk. aza rb. ham ini n po lovcsca vc arba-sima lsorq (qa zax. qIrg.Jz. tatar) rrkl orindo. G r ndy kimi ru s
formah ikinci variante aiddir va tebii ki, daha YOlxlI1 olduguna
giir,l rnrur dilinden bi zn kcrui sdir (D mi tricv 52 1). Arnbn-biun
tu ku rh qo suh na vasitalorini n mumi ad uu b ildirir: Ha nsop c

c-roana apfiu, 3an pR)f(CI1 l1aH ,UBYMH nonaern. ( Flyrcmccranc B

Ap3PYM rn. t). Rus yazrtlan nm Qafqazla yaxmdan te mas tutmas t ilc szn ara pu-formas mn da hu dildo rast ga lin ir,
teap a ea n. Karva n. Qed im rus ah nmalanndan olan bu sz Fasmcr me nsoca tilrk dil le rin o fars dil inden kc d iy ina g ste rir (2, J 90),
ilkin mo'uasr yiik heyvam (dava] karv anr: ll o Gn ll 30 CTJI
rca pnnan ecpmonon. OCTaJlO BlIJIC5I lum uoun cra (Fepoii natnero
IJp CMCIl II). K , desto: Ha C60pllOM MCCTC COC,UUJlIIJ IC1l a c e s
xa paua u . COCT 0 5lBIIll l ii 113 n1lT Jl COT ' ICllOBCK IInH OKOllO (Tlyr eLUce T Bl IC 11 A p 3PY'" IrJ!.): Ga rni karvam: 51 XOlIY, 1-fT06hl li p" MHe
BOl: n orpy axu 6h1JIa r OTOBa 11 rcap nnan ornnun (Jlecxoa. OT60pJ1 hJC 3CpJlO) ; Byi ik k c. ai la; q afla-qata r ( m acazi mo'n ad a);
r pa(11 I IJIIUI co CBOIl M n cpeuen cx m t rc a p a n a uo n BbCXaJI B cc-

(Ilcnu, X rn.).
Rus nd<:1 b dilinin onomast ikasmda istifada

BCP Il 1' IO CTOJIIt I..J,1'

OX

bir

tcrbUlqda KapaBaHll a51 YJll llla "toponimi mvcud olmu~dur. S u

urazida XVIII asrd karvan-saray yerla ~i rdi . Bu ad ondan qalmadJr. 1 (Olla, IIp01-fna l1a KapT01-fKe 8 C. - IleTep6ypr e, no
KapaBalllloii YJlll ue N27 , fOCTlII lJI u a )]J Ul "p1IC31Ka1OWliX C HYMepar.m (<l lTaJllH()) ( JlCCKOB, Hc K Y)l a ~~) .
To p6a - I\ IC IIIOK, cYMKa - anta. mum3n alm ba~lI1a kcirila n ovdar kisvsi, ki ik k iso . B u s zdan niS daIll ~ l q d il inda
I

ol unmu ~ ,

b;.ldii asarlurin di lindu Im kk olunub ya~aya b i lm i~d i r. Pe-

KC J"apfia'll'(;II'l. E.JJ. Xav-w. fJo 'lc_Iry

lila',

lIaJ6al//>I ?

.fl elrl/1l)a/ll. 1985, c.378.

4
torbinka (anta. ktsac ik I, r opn ura (d il' HH,..i tut IW"'I 1 ~~l " l l ll d .1
istifada olunur (Ilnm.. IV.cA I8). Dal xulq dcyimlunuduu l l lrh:l
szun islundiyi ifaduluri ruisul gunnr: <<I I{l CJtT l, ( >I. icuc ) IYPL' llf ..
C nucaunorc r opoii.. llaii C;"IY " OTI> T o p6y Cl, I lIl jlOI"O.\I .\OTI>
'-I0pTa C p o r ' IMII-BCC O}1I10H. Turha bir ox trk dill 'lr ind" . ..
c nodon ratar. trk. azerbaycan tr kmon dil la tindo cyn i rondik
ta rkibde (torha] i ~ l ,,)d il i r (11.~ 1J n p llc H. CT}l 547 ). Hu S(ll. cnu.uu
ditindo to braq . sokfindu i ~I" t1m i ~ d i r - dcyn yaznn J),ll1li l\'a do szn dilimizdnki rarixi inkisuf haqqmda musafudah.rin i
bcle a rqlayrr: azorbaycanhla r z dillorirun fonctik qanunlannu
esa sen . ya'ni ycrday isma vo a l q hcc alrhga cevnlmo qauunlanna g ro e vvolk i sziin terki biu dnk i h , P) snslorin iu vcrtu i dnyisdirurok (yapra k. topraq sz l.mn i yarp aq. torp nq ~ ; l k l l ll , ' xaldrqlan kim i vu clnca do s zn axntnda kt lj) ) sosini ixtisa r cdib
qaprq . sanq, kibik szl.. rini q:1Jl L sart kibi (kitui} snkfmda islotdiklori kimi ) tobraq szn tla torba ~ ; ) k l l n ; l salnusta r.!
K DQ-da da torba sakl iudedir: Bil' torba sam an d sokli (X II
bo y) . Aza rbaycan me isetin do tor ba maisnt ,l$yasl ge lli~ ver tutur.

Rus bad ii dilindo .

(J IYK<lll I K,l) -

' !T O, :-'1 <L1 Yll l h:a .

rOBO pl1Jl T OpI>1 nO' lIl11l lT h : 110 ' 11 11 111.'13. ' ITO Jl h ? ( Jl .ToJlCToi i.

Ka3al..:m) ..

n rcfic
011

Ch:a1<lJI

11 Il CTJI 1I0 CJKaJI 11 CCII II I..: CROC~ IY 1\01 -

3a l\ Y. n p ll ll c c 1'OpI. I. B I..: tno p blx GW IO IIIYIITOIl IHIT "

II'UO ~ l Y

(<<BoiiHa 11 MlIp)}). Tor ba rus dil ind,) alm ycm torb ns l kimi , h,)rbi yiilii ~d l) nsgvr torbaSl k illli Illv'n;J1:myla <l a iSl irudn olul1 ur:
11 p }l}l h l neX OThl C IIX C BCTJl hl M li IIIT I,I Ka M II . To p 6 a :-'1ll 11 KOTC! IK;\!tlll 3a c m llla~'" (<<Py6K<l Jleca I m .): A 1I0Mll il lI l l>: :+':C.lJr"'e II Bt' T h I a K3 Ull il. I..: OTOp blMlI Mb l lIa6 11 11 <1111 1 1IO.IlIII,I C Bl'pX m l (Ilypa ~...-

Kil 11 CJII I , Ka K JIOUl a,.'I1I <mee l UI UpG"1 ( KY Ilj1=ljl.

.<"1

A KII!II RbIII YJI lI J XO Jll llC Roii l O p O J.1 II OJ111JT Otl) HO} l l' l l .

p JIl K:r,' )
1III OJH )-

:n o Il a Tpany, rrOLl}lC EY:lI,1rl1 ( KYll pl lI l. J(O I I O Ii:P:l} [I ,p,).

Rus d ilinda miiasi r dvrd;,) d i) i ~ l u k sz lur slrasll1uadlL Y "JCGil

)KlUl llC C

uon-pnuuoc \ ~d

) IC;'l\ Il~\. _~~5.

I B;lIl1 ';J 1I0\ltWilCT IK Cf\m - TCXIIlIKa 11 MOJIO~

1990. c.39 l: 'tccruo cl<a;."y, 1I0 Cll JICil iI e naurcii Iic-

Lloi i 1\:11< C 111lC<IIlOii 'ropoii . il O B uror e ona OCnlJlOCh n ycroii

h.a m. ou I I. ,Llcll hm ilJHI JKOJIOfllll - Pravda qu z. 18 de k,

IlJXl). N~J52 (260). Ru s dili nde to rba bundan basqa mu siqi
alotirun ad uu biltlirir tb.mzorfik osasmda): 11 YJK T:lK cro JIlo611JlJI JlCIU, IL -rrc yacacrn. Ha 'ropfie xopowo urpan ()1,ocTocncKIl .
J a ll ll CKIl ... }.

Apxan - (rkun)

trk dillorinde . ham inin tatar vo bas-

qtrd di lindo x anar. 60Jl bWOC uepcex a ()1,M IITpll cB, CT51.

5(16): Lakin sza tari xi-leksik o loji bax tmdan yanas rld tqda szn
ovvull ur 1111 di ldo hurb termini kim i islondiyi muyyon olunur.
Rusiya D vlut Si lah palatasmda alman solibe ilori iln d yslurda
islo .hlmi s arkan nlar <ia sax1<1I11iLr .I Aglr va m hknm zirch geyiml i diisman i bu zaman arkan au b atdan salm aqla d ysn uguru to'm in olu nurdu. Ru s dil ind e islon en arka n sz sa kilee bu
:-.zlin turk dilla rinduk i qodim variaun ile uygun gal ir. K DQ-da
o r~;U1 soklindadir Iwrbi termin soc iyye sindc isle nmisdir (Q I1
or g:llI ag bnyn ma taqdtlar, V boy).
M asir dilimizdu qisman arxaiklescn rkan sz ii bir
nca ifadouiu torkibi ndo yasa maqdad rr: rka n nOl qad a r uzun
olsa da galib doganaqdan kcar. Grnr, bu m;)i ~OJ t a~ ya sll1 l1l
z liniin isti radod\ln lXlllasl h<':lIn in szn dn :lrxaikl:::l$ma sina ~ u
rai l yaratnll$dlr. indi dilimizda adi k\lndir, qnIIll , mhk:::l111 ip
m,l'll;\slJlda qa vran llll". rk;'l11 - l11hkGm UZU ll knndirdir ki,
hcyv:In lara a ~)a rlh q l an ylikii bag lam aq li n ondan istifada cdirl;l r.:

Il<tz ll'tla rus t1 ilindiJ gcniS i$!' lIloll ( arkan sz iinn w vvlI;:lr hill'bi tcrmi n kim kcma si $iibhas izdir. Rus h;)rb i~i n d a orla
,ISt" diiyii ~h lr i ll d\) i :;;1 il d i l llli ~ d i . Hu Zllll1an !l ;l l\) tatar ski y arkam)
~, . kJ ill( ]; 1

III IICI:

Ij

islif ild, l Ol li llur:

1 ~ ; I ( I l) J l l li HCIW 'H 1Jl, ' IYJlOl\l I IC

:mny ran

cT pcMe l ll l . II U Ta Ta pn: II i ;1 1 )f"~1 1l Yll aJl CM)' lI a II Jl C' III. 11

nO}l lIane c o:.! lHl ClfTb 10p Ga c KO p~ IO~1 .rVIJI OCJJ:l, T3 ;\1 IJ 11 3i in CII II>

, liol"''''' 'J(w. 01'1.ll("("'I/(lH

"1),1"",(/.

BI(l/

: J U{('jlllH06. AJ<f,f!l1 i l(). IN"OIICI( II I IW 6 ('fI,

J{pe,lI. lb "\ / OCI( 6 /:>1.

c./64.

6.. r

1983. c.6S.

HI I.)I('Jl IlI<I, .

BaCHJHHl , COH B C Ho r , 1I0BaJlOKJIH 110 3CI\1JIC (11..I;aJlalllllB.

-cFlocanunna rJ1.15). Soma isu adi asya ad r:

Map dia

B h 1BO,' 11t 11 , 1 MCWI

ve-rupcx C P)0K h5IMH, 5I BCCX c06010 11 Ha apxauc mofioro ynCJV

( JI. TOJlCToif .

nor acs uc

Poxrat:

npcxtcnn l Icr pa I); O KOJ10

"IIX

CK'~KaJI;1

npOnOJllHl K II B 6YPKax 11 C apKalIaM Il ( rJytllKII I I.

l ly-

TCI.UCCTBH C. . . ) .

Arkau sz niin ma'na tutumu bu szn kesb etdiyi mecazi mc'n alarla da moyyonlusir. Mucnzi mu'nalannda y araldlg l
dolgun soman uk hal arkan szn rus dilinde islu k szla rdon
birin a evi rmis dir: Jl oxc cec, 6YJJTO Ha xOJlCpy lI aKlw YJlII Jp J(JIl.
, flOIlH 31IJIII ne TOJIhKO un cno 3aGOJlCB<1III11, HO IJ nponctrr nlclH1I0 CT Il (A.exov. Suvonno maktubuda ]. Yazr r maktubunda bu
yerlarda t gyan eden va bamn artiq s nmoyc bastadrgnu xobur
vcrir. nki cxo v z ya~Jdlgl Mclixovo kundi ntrafmda ynytlan va ba cpidcmi y as uun yau nlr n asmda fa al istira k edir. xustnliyin profilaktikasr haqq utda mhnzirolur oxuyur, xostoluru tibbi
yardim gs tarirdi . Tabii ki, daim yazJ~e!IgJ dostlann a da epidcmiyurun gcdisi ha qqrnda bir nov bllctcnsayag r mu'Iuruatlar
verirdi .
Yaz ti A.To1stoyun Don JuaJ1) asa rindo rkun atmuq
ifados i (HaKHThJBaTb apxau} bu ma'naya yax m ola n itao tin da
sax lama q, ;)18 almaq: kimi me'nalarda dtr: (Don JU : J.n): Il cp cXIITpHJI crapn e, n OTOpOIlJLTJGI. [-Ja h': J11l I.IB:lTL aprcart cnon na
MeWl. I3urad a Don Juan koman do run onu z qrzt ila nisanlamaq

cahdina istchza edir. Bu dildo rkana d~111ak>, do hamiu ma'.

nalllll daval11ldlr: . .. J{a 1I llllKaKoi! .u5IlliO JIIKa Ba M /J e 1I0Mm/(CT;
non3113eTe B apK311 CUOCTOeBCKJI l-J. CeJIO CTenall'lHKOBO H ero
061ITaTeJm). Aza rbay eiln dilina nisb a ta n rus dilindv bu szn
ham i ~ la nmu dairasinin gcni~liy i V3 bir dil vahidi kimi daha anla~l q 1J olma sInIll 1l3licasidir ki, dilimizdan ni S dilino t;)rcLirnB zamam ismayJl $ lxlmIn Dali Kr romanl11da nmh,11 li si}z killli
i~ l u n d iyi jra~ ml:m sz da arkau kimi turcnm edil lll i~di r.
OH HC3 aMeTH O OTJ~cmfJt apK all H J1 p ll W KOpIlB B KOJJ5I , n OBKU
MCTHyn eru. ApKaH np OMCJI KllYE B B03.uyx C, Ka K npll rl JYEUJiU!
3MC5l, JaXnceTHYJJ K Ka3aKa 33 wClm> (tarcllla V.Solouxinindir).

2'4

--=::===_

Aznrhaycan dili ndo : Oli n i yoha rin te rk inda ki ira sm ay n uzatdr .

A rxa t,mlldi.1I1 . kaznka yax ml as dr Vu go zl e nilma da n ire srnen i
harloyib aIdI. .lresmo gyoo ilan kimi qrvn hb kazak tn boy nuna
do lan d i {Bax: l. $lxll K r (rom an ), B ., Yaztt, 1982 , s .198).
i\1a ii-lall - ya~ aYI ~ mask e nlorindo arairq yc r, ktlevi m arkeZJ mcydan -sa h nn. Dm itriyev sz lra n me n soli trk szlerindan
hcsab cdir (IIJIOIIJ<VJ,h, apcna) (Dm . 540).
9ri ~)oyc dov Yo l qcy dlurb-nda es lino uygun meydan
.
1;;];1 t Ll1 I ~ (l! r: MC)J<1-lYTeJ\1 neer nc n 03BeJI CH O 6bI1IO exa r t, na I\l e~
)..1 3 11 H

oropan, npocsu nrx cs lff.{TH B

OT 0 4C CT BO .

~ ayclall-o grular leksi konu nda q umarx ana . Do stoyevskinin O llo r cvindon qcydler asa rinde bu me'nada b clo izah
oiunur : O O'JTU y Ka/KJwil Ka3 ap !l1b1 6bIJJ 'raxoii apecra trr , K01'Op blif n epa-an y cc a apunun n.rii xy.ueHh K Hi- KOBp H K, Cn eLJKY H no

aacancn m ,rc, )f(J1 pllhle KapTH. Bcc ar e nxrecro

uruuu ann cr, J\laiiJ~ a ll. Hamin k itabd a ma ydan s z nn har iki
mu'nas t q e yd soklindu izah olunm usdur: Mayd an fiaaapnaa IIJJO-

I1eBC pO} JTlI OCTH

mazu,

B CTJ UlIIlC

llO M, lIJl Il

rtpo c'ro

(rr opx}; na no poaesoa acapron e - n ropnu

n rpa . Arqo qu ma r oyunu n da: K OH -

JGl pTQ' Jll a5I

BoiiJlbJr 06h5JCfIllJJ HeXJJlOllOBY, 4 1"0 3 1'0 CTapOCTa BbI )J.aBaJI 3a6panm.te HM npoarpau nue ancpen no GHJIeTH KOM, Cl{eJJ aHHhIM JI3
nrp ansuux cap'r,

KOpIlIBhlC

nc m.ru

un nanunncy (JL T OJ1C1'Oii.

Boxpcccnuc). Tnn a arqosunda maydan aap u, MaH.naHJIT,

Maii .ua Il lU:I:IK szlariin gcnis yayildrguu Dm itriev da qeyd edir,
Rus saharla rinda ycr ach kimi: OT BJJa,IlHIIIHpa .. .rra naru JJ:eHh
K BC'lepy }l Ha CJfJI Y }l06paJIc5I }lO BaCn.TIen MaiiJl,an (JIecK OB.
)KCJIC3H <:UJ 1I0JJ5I). Rus yazlllan Qafqazda olarkan ~ahBrlarde rus
sz plo~ adg yox , maydam) i ~latrn~Iar. dur ki, Tiflisde yer
ad l b mi Maydal1 i~ IBnilir: Ha Mai,llanc 6 bIJJO l{On OJIb li O nycTo
(J10 JJOII CIm iL KnapTl1pa 13 TaTapcKoMKBapTaJIc).
)i YP ) 'II , Bu n !!l
T rk dilll:lrinda bu sz fonc tik tarkibca
ylinglca d\)y i~ ilirs,;l dG 1l1<J' n a SlI ll eyniln (bir ,o; cyin n h issasi
111lS ) saxla Ylr (Dmitricv 566) . Rus dilinda bun lIJ}) trkizmi z~
niin iki ma'Jlas lllda ~Jun ir. 1. RcJyc f, 1l11S. 2. Kpkl da lga.1
I .Ifl'6

~ ' -'/ le IlClW _ C WrJO

0 CJIO (!{ /X , flA IR ao,Ha l1l(Joe2o,

c.140.

4
.. .S utra dul tephv veter. podnima u v hurun ux: - A.-'i Pl,,' h:(lB _'10HltTL oneer. aacenu B GYP YII :n: tlon cr oft. ,d(;nah:Ii)I ). <..)~-d101'.d \l
vun eyni osari nde ham hurun . he m dOl rus sozu (' lIl IS " 1:;.I;lJdlr:
Op OTSICl. 1I,na.:i.
,} l P"l'llll IIHII'J e s o t Hl'jn;\ 511Jll,1."ltl Hmou lol
- GYPYlla; C Iljlll,-opKa lI a: [ 1 a l' lIpO IO OIl}!II, IIIUl:J! Ato. uu, KO IlIpu il Gb1110 Ilj 'je J aa 1-1 uxu re KllM :'I1L.1COM t l ' pll ~I ( I C} I U B I. KP I.IMli ).
M o skva run tarix i topo nimh.ri s rras mda Ba l\'ull adl da
m e yyan yc r tutu !". Rus bodi i u sarlerinin drhndc 11'111I ad i s/
(fay tonun. tarantastn bir lu ssocr yi. dcr al ), hom J;.) roponuu S;'IC IYvesinde rast celmir: BOT Encua. Ham nOC Jh':.'111 I.'C po.urrc ncxoc
6narOC]JOII~IH~e. - CKaJa~1 lUI. Harllymr lllch 1I0}1 (i :I.I I' I ~T, " ."l tlCl ~ll;
11 3 Ka p ;'-la ll CJOln)'Ka xranc ut. xn ii oGp;nOK. ua n cn cii 11;1 I" e h l
(lI.TyprcIICD. (d IaKaIlYIIC). Toponim kimi: I 'YCH I1I1.}1 l layxrcuua ): A Oll ll-TO pa-me furarouapm.tc? Oren: TO C l:>I COIl ( 'Il ~rr.J' L
I"OJII lllat> lII reproeau Ha l ; a: 1'1~Tl' . ; 106 p ' ,II.' J1IOjIJI ( "avtcou nc cuo
3 BaJl II, 11 0 ,ua ThIJIII 1Ih:OM KOp;'-lIIJJII (Ocrponcxuii . ("BOII 11IO}ll 1
co-rreacx). Haluk szniln rus dilinde maraqh WrI :\.1 vardtr:
P'

O rdada n Mos kvaya

g\)ll11 i~

taturlur Mosk va ayuun sag sah ilin-

da Krcmldan azca arah yas. gil li 10'1};1 q clan yerdo qnrar tutmus
va buraru tata te a ba ltq . halnq adl an d.rn ns tar. Iju ad Mo skvnhlann damsigmda Haluk sokhuo llI iil1k ;11ll Ian lll i ~ vu hu

gnm ze qad ar hifz OIU I1111U~d up), 1 Rus dilind o cauh damsrqda
h uluq sz q ey ri-rasm i ba zar - s t rtkl daimi bazardan
furq li ol al1 a h~ - vcr i ~ ycri lll t) ' naSIl1Ja i ~ h ldi l lll k d ,j d i r : l1 allal ll KIIH To prYCT Ha Ga JI'I)TC cTapoii P YKJl ailh lo , oGJrO /lllCa:'lIJ , oGptlCKa;\l1L ( rOp b IC Hii: (Bc'-fcp Y1Ial1a lJlK lIll<l).
JIp. )'a r. !\1 urzaycvin fi krincD qvdilll trkctld,)]l all1l111ad rr.
Dogmdan da bu SZll yar-dtll'in dam, dik sahil-yarg'lIl . Yll r lll a q paralamaq, k\JSlllu k, y:ugan, )"3 1'1 , ya l'llll . ya r aq, ya ra. y~lIl 11 a .
yan q kimi szl<:.l rd<l izi qalsa tla z yar (sah il, uu n lm, ~a k l i n d ~'
arxai klo~1l1i ~dir. Lakill bu sz bil" lICi.) yer ad lllda ynrdu lllllZllJ
toponim iyaslIlda Q araya r aYI, ki. llld ad lall l1 da s a:\ lallll m l~ l hr
Uuna ba:\l1wyaraq Trk toponi mij.;asl cog raly as lIl<ia .g c ll i ~ yaYI"

laraq rclyc fi cizg itor bi ldira ra k zongi n ad lar yaratmrsdrr (xsusen Ural V\J Vo lqaboyunda). Rus dil indo yar lgavi va hidi (a r)
aynca islonilir: Yar-dik yamac. dc rin doro. srld mm qaya, ucu
nuulu sulu l (Fasmcr 4 ,559). Ty ua u nOlUc.TJ }IpOM (f;CrJILIC R Ho-

Rus dilinde bu szlo yanasr, d ar ya rga n mo'nasmda

" OpOCCII II ) .

yaruqn (ya ng) s z do islerur: II

0;1'11 1111 . JlcpcIUI }I ).

JICjKIIT TO

oua

ucprso apyrc

Touup . ')'nB:l)H1 111 - Fasmcr XV esrdan l1lS dilind e islonan

bu s z n trk dillariudeki ravar, davar ma l-m l k va es (yol das} szlurindon dzoldiyi n i qc yd cdir (Fasmer 4 .6 8); to var
11Klh). nsya dcmakdi r. dcye Kasqarlm m lgatinde rast go hrik
( I , o.l l I ). i Ik mo'n asr davar skot cv hcyvn m som a varid at .
Hel " me'na m k isa f keri trklcrin a lqt -satq tda qiyrnotli scylo ri

ola n mal-beyvandan istifada ctrnala ri ili:J alaqodardrr (Hlaucxnit

K)C l' iL c.444) .
Sz masir 111 <.)'naSl il<J rus dilinde XII I ast da n islan ilir
(Y cna orada, s.444). Srczncvski sz n XIl! asrden ma'lum o hm
111 0' I1aSll1l Iaqcr. s tnn (ha rbi d ~<.:1 rga ) sz lorine sinonim se civyosin da qiyruo tlundirir <3, 195) grnr o rd u ta chiza u, furaj

(nrzaq] ch uyatlun baxmuuda tnva r s z horbi termin kimi islunmuyu baslanusd rr.
Rus dilindo islouon tovaris sz niin birinci hissosi,
yu' ni lova]" szii qad jrnd~l1l lrk dill"rind'1 mal, malikanm),
t:l~ y a . h,)tla qara mal 1l1,,'nasmda i ~l \Jn 8]] tav ar/davar s z ii ll d,md r; ikinci sDsi . v./ ni i ~ ns r tiirk dillmindo q\Jdimd oll
i~ I')]l;:) 11 l: ~ szllll<J lldir. Bclalikla , aydm olm ki, bu szlrin
b ir l ' l ~1l1tl s i

iJ\J mal ortag])) m;:l'nasmda

i~l anl1li ~ lo va r-e ~

ifadvsi

l,ld ricnn rnDyy;:m iiltl'llada rus dilndaki tovar i~ sz kim i for l11a ln ~1l11 ~ (lt r

(i). DL>lllirizadu. ,<SO SZ, s.44). Oir o x trk dilla-

~ z rus di linclan a l lll m a la r kirni da x il o l mu ~ d ur

546) . Rusd ilin in bln dvrla rinda ziiniin scmanlik
m,)'na Zilliginliyi ila i~kJl1 m0k d a di r: )J o6cwaJI OJlIIOMY 113 MOHX

rint} i!'<J tm'a r

( D rn i t l'ic \'

1J1Ko .' lh ll J,1X TUB:t P ll llIL'ii . a 1I1\1Clll1 0 B a CIiJllII O XoxnO BY, IlpIl BC3 T il nC llcpOM f' <1 KY10 -T O Y'-lC611YIO KlI lIl)' ( 1l 0 JlOIICKIl Ii. (Irp)'1 I}1 ))) .

ril

C 'lOllI ll "WI. .lfHrOI'6mWl'o :m'

7tlllOIllU rl/ Ji

,lfoc","mol ;\J , ,,/l lIUW ". 1982. cl.';

"'"

217

"'"

-== = =---

vla au { ubu n) Tii rk l.hll;'II111U" OlMIl qoyuu Oh' Il11. p a :'o ~

tux deyo Fasme r V.Rad lova usaslan araq qcy d cdir (Bux: 4.3 0 X).
oban (uban) trk lahcalarinda be ker. qoruyuc u. g d k
ma'nalanna galdi yi bil man bu knlmon in K y-Trklur ag m da
asagr-yuxan eyni qa vrama ifada ctmuk zoro nvan olaraq q ullatu ldrgi an lastlmaqdadtr.! Rus dilindo rn asir mo'nasryta-qovun
obarn is le nil ir: Ho Tellepb 1l,I/KC ' Ia fia ll hl 3a6 11J1l1CI, n c Hoii 1"0-

xrcpoucxuc X JliKHllbl

nM CCTe C

xoaaxtun ouuanu

( !iYII IIII.

llcpc-

aan): 4 a6an )TO anncn c nona ( Iierm.rc n Honopoccuu. )

Ka 0311 . Rus dilinde ge ms $k ild;l raxt gali uun kaban

Ol :-' lrinl!'l bus sur. ul.ui n Iamihyas rdtr}. Zoo nim: . .. 3 npu Mlle xu; 111111 1 1Ia 1';-:1 " :111 :1 onnu na onnn (Jl epMo Ii TOB. Fepoii n arner o
npcxrcuu. I (jl.) : liJlln yc' n,s o6poc 0 11 BLICO KIi M KaMbllll OM. n J,C

xpotorca tcafiam. r 11

T lI r p hl

(ltcropna Ilyrascaa).

"pfiy"~ -

Rus dilino trk dillerinda n kcme olan bu S7.ill

uslindu fars munsnli oldugu bare de c timoloq alimla r eyni fikirdadi rlur. Bir cox tadqiqattlar szn serhine haqiqi-har fi mo'nada yanasuuslar. Xapyra nano rtomnta'n, nc KaK OCJIIHl hl Ji
Ol

ypcrt.

(OCC) )

K:lK

('OCCR-or) 'P CLl)).

Hpanc xa x }l3b1K3X

CJIOB\.'

"PII COC}lIIl1 }!. HCh K llP)'rIf M cynccrmrrcnt.nsnr, MO;.K..:' I

ttirkizmi ovvaller kaban-hnd r (nucuc uti). byk, saglam mu'.

npu.toua'n,

nalarmda is lemuisdir ." Ru s salname lc rindo lrk xanuun aU L

M .Ka$gari divan tnda kist ad t kimi islen misdir; ' Silbhusiz . ru s
dili antroponimlari sisteminde ycri olan K abono v fami tiy nsr h u
os ki ma'na ila alaqad ardtr. Kaban /qab au-trk di llarinde. mouqolca xab an ind ik i me'lu m ma'nasmda n basqa qnhroman . cosur
me'n as mda da isleue biler (Dm itricv 534); KDQ-da Q araca
oba nm ik i qardasmda n birinin adtdtr: Qabangc, Domirgc
hu iki q ardasr yanm a aldr (111 boy).
Ru s dilindo kabart s z n n hc yvau : ag u' g vdol i k isi (kobud s z) gn mzodok davam cd un mo'na lan bu nlaqu lrnin '1 1nlm ad igmr g ste ri r : ' Jcn y, ) \ Y1>Ia Jl }l 33i\l5l nen J TOT TOJleTLI!1 Ka-

HOC Jlla 'I(" III1C. ( T:\I\. xapu ytu, TO CCTh OCCJl -M hIW(,), 03113-mc-r x puca: (X$l pCa IlD) - ocen- xav em, anauur KaMCII 1I3ii

Ga lt? (Typrencu. Annpc K OJlO COB) .

Trk toponimivasmda kaban sznn Zll iJ gru vcri vardir. elyabinsk v ilayati nd ~~ (a vv<l j adl clcbi) Kaballka aYl
(Uv cl na aYllllll sag qol u) . A zmbayca nd ~l Q~lballd~l g (i:-lllay JiiJ J".
Lahl c yaxm lJ gmda dag) v SUlllqaYlt n1raf1l1da da g; CI,lC;) dv dilimizdQk i q abanb a~ adam ifadtlsi masir d ilimi7dilki qaba
sz il a laqadarulJ". t\1.u .Sab irin dlinduki I1hl$hu r ;:)rdodll,
qabandl qoyma gvld i) -' ifadi3 si s;tn 8\'V,11ki lllili k!;.l$')11 SUCIYyas ini gs!vrir. Rus di li nd,) Iw zm la IJcyvan adl biJdirir V, I familya kimi mvyyull y e r tutmaqd adlf lOSllOVskilllll \(T u l~lIl
I rlbJU/f.1 Dol/uk id.1ri-a.,kcri lJlW;1II I O
C tcr/m lcr. ., 13
~ 1;(10 .:0 1;0 (1 H rI()I'J.: o:aJl "W~CIIH' 6 ~ C l (}{!" n lI<J.iI.:I" II.'l';"';'. C

) 'm i) or.1d.1 .~.,U.

rm.rfia.

IIM

cuocopaanoc ycrunrr ens noe

Il l )'JTOM Y 11 xapfiroaa cn en yer

ecn u -mn o

IIJlJI )'BenUtUITeJIJ -

nomnr a'n,

KaK orypeu

o ry p .m ure.' Rus dil ind e har yerdo arbuz

islenilir. istisna hal kimi x arb uz , q arbuz sakfi ni g starmak
olm: Bcc naccncn uc era mui KlI W CJl O Ha apU)'3I1LIX ax-rax If B
Hll IlOQ1;JJlIllIK;JX (K;n aKII); P 0 1>.13H r oeop n n, tIT O Y Mauixn 60m.
mofi -tan nc j u.u u, JJ rap yron (Cnn pnoaa- Pocccr...). Dcc OAIIO .
C OCJla,

IIp 0 6 0p1>lOl"aJI IIP 0 :'\O/l(l[II , nponeaaa MClKllY xon cc crann n num x -

en 1I0B03 0K -

UII ,/.I,1I0, TOlKC

xa p fiya a K)'IlIlTb n o n e l l ep 5lTb (Ce-

IR55 r.). Mqayisa va sit osi kimi: Hnau

11 O)ll HIJI rnma 11 cpasy DLlllp51M lI Jl C}!, OT lByr.Ul eHIIC 11 yxaca
Cr pnnur.nl lliap pa".iJl<l JIC}] } lO llCJll l ' II1 Hbl :.lPO)'3<l (3Be31lhI Canai\lOlla) . QUXllsuna , at rin gra kcyfiYYut li mqayis alar yara<i1r:
M isallara diqqDt yctr,)k: [laXIICT OT )lCByYCK BKYCIIO- ap6YJ o1\t,
naCTOrJ OJ]

]I

aerycrc

1-10p030M. }l y x a Mll lI J!<l ll l"-IlJl aHr , H l\lCXOl\f

Wy60K, H eBCIKHM }..lh l-

Xtl1l11CM ; 111111t ll K OT 1\,lC t>lo pm aM Ta K Kp CllKO llaXlleT . TO ' lII o

apGY3 II'JIJC:l,UIl l (10HKepa). Kuprin in Sirkda

hckayusinin q ,Jhr,Hll jlllHlll1 ramiliyasl ArbllzovrJUr.

<lCTa pX tl llC K lJ i i

(])o p Ma K ;Jp UYJ BOCXOlllI T O'ICB I1llHO, P YCCKOC l\:ap :w)'J C

i\lCTnr]lo p ll]:l l( lI cii 3 11 a ' ICl ll UI ( Kp y r m .Jii 11 TOllenl " KaK apG)'3)

/1,i\llJTpllC1L CT>l, 522). 8 unnin

Lalmtla lllll i~

gnlar a sarind;):

"(j.

I Jh", VOIl'm'l;"'; emuo (} nOG",\. IIOlie.lIl" lil? lll/U"e. c.45 4 -455 .

2 19

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i
iI

H a .ll.e p lf6a coBc Ko il YJlIIUC 1I0 11bli IlJIa KJ l : Jly GO' llI blii i\IYil\ll K C

pafic -nui C KllpK Oii 5I.pOCT II O mO:W}}T 11 0 m.tcoi i rUJ IO ~

Be OP-Ia}[lI llO paCKOp5l. ' lllBIlICrUC5i snpan yaa-rc ncpa'm. Il<:l CKB 03I,

TOI1Op O:.1 11

lIpOTKII YTo ro

um.tsaxr

GcrYUICIO

xpacnoapn ciiua: Karapuz -

u~a q

mo'n asmda : 113 TI>lT I I-l II CCT II rcapa n yac n. lIaBcplloc )'MpCT
on n u (Hex o e. 3C pKaJJQ))).
Kasu.nn. Q aIlH~/II\ allll~ - t rk , tatar, bas q rrd. lIJrglZ di ll;j-

rinda kanus , Azcrbaycan. trkmon di llarin do qa nus i (Dnutriev, s.53 6). Ru s dilinde bitkinin aduu va on dan hazu lannus
esyalann admda islanilir: Kpyroxi TCCIJO ocrynnn cc KP)TJlOii
scnc uo CTCII OIi asrcoxn IJ ncnon nnx n u it Ka ;-'I I:.JIl I ,IIOC11I1 II OK) ;

K arn.n no sas Kpyra 51 Kpl:.lllJa II pOTImOn OJIO if\ I I Or~~ ) l O;-'l a

finecrena ij 11)rtI3 X cnYCKa IOIlI CrOOl. COJlIl Ui.l (<<K a1a KII H) . Oz g rka mi na g re m qayi se: I lcrpo rJ-lYJl C5i TJ O}l Y30paillll, KaK KaMh Illl, non BCTPOM, a na norax CT05IJI TBCP}IO ((TUXJl LLU/l) , I
KH.) . Rongina gra rus dubi dilindo olduqca cunh vu duqiq
mqay isal er yaradr r : M IITLKa KOpUJ YIIOB . .. CKi.r3aJI i\ICPU;UI 1\<1~I I:.IllI O B OM 3 C11Cllb10 npuurypcum.rx rn aa (c'T uxnii )~O IO> 1' 11.2 .)
... noiu ypu n na Llap blo 3C11CII I:.IC, K<l i\l bIl IlOBI>IC rna-ra 11 COpaJIC}1
(I<Tllxltii LlOlH>, 1\11 .2 ,)
.
E axu a . Ha xa - arasd mn alannda rus dilina t rk di llurin don kecdi yi g stari lm e kla yanasr SZ mun sucu fars di lin t aid
edili r (Fasm cr, 1,1 11). Ilan cxo, 11 0"1T1l na r opusotrrc , MOil \11 0 61.1110 p a3J11 1'I aTb . . uranam CTOpOiK<l Ha Iiax' mx ( f} YHII !I. 8 nnryc YXOJlllTb

r e). Rus adabi dilind<J iJsaSun baxa ~o k l i mlD isti fadH cdilma kla baralmr fonctik forq ll'l<l da i ~ l vJ1il i r. Da kaJ/bak ~ i : H a p ~
6YJOB na 1l0'laM C GaKllI lI T;ll< Cli aCTJlI1BO He r"lllpY IOT TyT P CO}lTll Il1Kil (bcrn ble 11 H o nopoccII JI); l) LmaJIO, np1lltyr 1\ IICl> IY llo6phiC JlI0 1111 Ha 6al(' lII. a y Hero ap6YJhi 11 111:.11 11I CBlle nJ T ( l lc XOB. {(C 'laCTLC).
l\1I1IlJl, T rk dill<:l rind<l ll almma sz dlir q lr1ll1 Z I dL'lll,lkd ir
(Fa smcr 2,230). Trk sz l\lrnd<l1l ola l1 kizil " krasIlIY) dcm,}k
ul ar ki. btn trk dillarindo rast golinr (Dm itricv 537). S/. rus
ilinda 1792-ci i1d ki7il, kizilnik (qlZJ i kvJ!ugl.l.) (kiziicvka .- ikl)
qcyda a h Ill 11l ~lh .1
I

//-,-(1pl~"(,r'1I106 A . T1<)/)1</11.\11.1

,,.

fl.l ( 'C~/l l

11<13(;(11111I1.\

111'.' ~m "GI ~X (!'IJC(",n," " ~.l~

Hu mcy va qmru zt rungd u olduguna g ra trk di lla rhun bir

o xund a qJZl l/kizil adlarur va bura dan da ru s dil ins kearka n ki
zil so klindu sa bie srms di r. Azarbaycan trk co sind e bu I11cYV<:l
adt kimi zogal islonso du q ll"l 11JZI ma'nastnda qizr! sz de islonilir (QJZll bayra q, qtztl gl, qm l e hmari (a lma ).
Rus dilin do zog a l mcy vas inin ad r: Tyr 61:.IJlII p 0 3bI B caxa pc , II Ci 101p CJJloIC r p euxuc 0 PCXII , aii a a , KH3U Jl 11 en s re JlI fJl ll1I

(Il acccx. l b nan uux ner. IJ Kil .) . Bu agacdan hazrrlanrrus esya lar: Hoxynana Ha u a epc xn c f KII JIfJIeB bl C TpOCTOllKIl cepnoJllOKOBblX lI C'1311 111 paxemuna t C J1a,umI CbJO , . . (KynPlIH, B K phlJ,IY).
l,;ulfiah' - Pambrq . Rus di linde xlopo k, Y al mz Qafqaz
m vzus u ilu bag li os e rlcrin di linde ba rnhak sa klinde islun diyi
miisahid a o lun ur. Bu s z Azarbaycan trkco sin da geuis isled ih r.

Hir ux tedqiqatrl ar bu szn fars dilinden (pe nba) kcdiyini

gstorir. Lakin inanmaq olmur ki, pambiq penbo szndendir.

Kasqari bu szn barnuq (pamuq) soklinda isla ndiyini va oguz
dili nu mensub uldugun u qcyd cdir. Fik rinu zi bir daha os as laudt rru aq u n Donur izadon in fik irlarini n d zg nly n a ldo
a sas tut maq laztm goh r. ~( P a Il11H q~) s zii zbok e dcb i dilmin baslan g lc morh o losi olan crgatay odebi di lind a do rnamug sa klinde.
h un a t rk dil luri ndan clan kazak, qrrgtz dillorind o malTIlq, mamuq sok linda islanil irvn ru s di liuda ki di ge r trkizrnin b u matja SZLnn V.Rad lova osnsan bam uq , bam baq : s z uda n 01-

dugunu dcmosi biza inandrnct grnr.! Prof. a .D<:lmirizada

~ iv<)!a ri m izd\.J k i pampax adall1 -aciz, z<l if, bo~ , yum~aq adam

Ill v'n ils l lld a da pambJg ,,-i (O ll ll ll YU I11~ag ll gl il<:l) olaqudar qeyd
cdir. Rus dilim!;) gcni$ i~ lu l1BI1 h umaqa va onlarla bu szla bag"
sz lJ r o!dugu halda bambaq szlina nisba tn az rast gal inir. Lakin bu fakt z ly ndB orijinala ox yaxm olduglI n rnaraqhlhr: ... n :UJlhKO ncp CT cp:ll.uy RIDKY KYCThl D XJlo n'Ia To ii GYMare
i i i JjJII W IJl In 3 a 6aM6aK (r plloell on. ~d lyrcB Llc 3am ICKII).
lI:ljl<l llil.:a!llp:H1 ml'lH,lii. Nan J1c, Hnle orta asrlnrda apelsin
all l aYI ~ 1 rus d ilinu Ilaranja s zii ilu ifada cd il lll j~d i . Uu sz

11I(1 -

pmo';()(I. "Cn';CII/t"!((IJl I/I/(I I'",o.TO?UII J>. 1') 7 -1. .\ 1J . " ,3 7.

22()

2' 1~

ol

1370-ci ilda Arx im an drit Arat enmin S<Jy a h. l l ll) l\ d .. 1\<Il ;1I1/ ,!
sa klinde qcyda aluum sdtr. Son rnlar ondan lU S stl/i i .op anaccastii ra ng aJI va oranjcr iya - ckzo tik bitkilor yc t i~dm hm ye p)
szleri yarandt. Sz f.ans lz (orauja} a mb (nanmja l dil lar iua di)
kc rn isdi r. Azarbav can dil ind o na n nc (m cyvu)

VQ

nart ne t (r.Jn g)

adr kimi qalmaqdadtr. Jarirnbctov c1<:J bunu gra J a (Aznrhaycan

dilinde hom meyva adt. hom rang adi oldu gll na ~r;.)) szun
ruslam Azat baycan m hitindon kcdiyini [;'l rt. ldl ~ . 1 nranja
(apclsin) lUS di linin qadi m dvrn da i ~ l anJ11i ~d ir. ludi i sanm g
adr kimi qalsa da (oranjcvry) iSlif'ad"dan rxnu s, toossf ki. una
dilimizin znda de bu sz z yerini ingilisco apclsin I<lll almaS H) s zna verm isdir . Rus dilinde Oranjcreyn: .. . 11 H O C,:lll;HI
ncayursa. Ka K IOlKTlbl1l llBCTO I\, ncpccaaccuuu ii 111-110 )1 ponuoru
uca na 6 CllH bll CBCT opa ua.cp ctt. COXIICT 11 RlW CT C K a if~;l ]'I M

Map" Crynnuuu a). Ra ng bild irn n sz:

Enua Hall rn vxo ncr on r auuo pJ BIII IIIOil 1I0)lll)lJ1 0 I xapanan
o pan accaoro ~OJlHlla, P YCCKIl C YBlfllCJII I -ra r up (TOJICTOii. Il CTp

JlI ICM (C. n .X03bl peH 11

Flcp e u ). O ra njerc vni y sifa t kim i la m mocazlasir: 11 ,)IllK)Jla ~

zik, k vr a kl ik bildirr: T aKm.I -T o oGpa30 M 11 C6 pC IUIII Jla finarenocru rr aau as Cmjlh}! cnocii opanxccp ciiuc ii l IYllCTBl lT CJII,II OCI blO

nepen npOCTOII 6a6011 (lI.OCT. 3I1MIIIlC :I<I:\ICT KII , . . )) .

J)a111K3 - CJIOBa 6a IIIlGl ) Hllm l CTO I PYCCK llM

Cy ' IH!Jll K-

CllaJIb ll h lM 06pa30 nall IICl\! OT 'I IOIW oalll)) ( rO JIOlla ), 1I313 eCT1I0 B
COBp C/I1C H IiO/ll

P YCCKOIII WILII, C Jlll lll h 1\ Bhl p<liKCIl I1l.1. 1\ICIDJTh

Gam Ha Garn". MC W!.T h 6C3 lI Pll}l<lllll Jl ()J" lJlI , l. 142). 11 k dvrl'Jrdu bu sz mal-qaran1l1 d a yi ~djri l m D s proscsinu\! i~ li;) d i l l11 ~ J i r , 2
Trk ba$ sznda n I11 cl11fullga aid dalw ox hmbi dair<ldn sz
nlan ba$llya (q Jlo) sz di.) yar anm l ~ , tiirk ~i) z b<l ~ ,,- qolnva
yaratdlgl ba~nya sz rus liig:Jt uamsin\l XVI .)sn l<)Jl. k Cl h
i$kl11r. 3 ll a ~ I.;:a sznn XVII I asr rus dilind ekspresslv lll;jqamda i~ lall lll <ls n j adi hal killli hesab cl mt-:lk laZ1111l11 r. XIX osr

n is ;'JlI; Jbi drlin du hir s u'a mo'na larda I X I~ ctmi sdi r: I) hor han sr
bov tik baliglll k usi l lll i ~ bast: 2) sado da msrqda: kt . qanmaz bas:
3) \~ilY gUlllisill in g vdu sind an qo pa nl nus nso: 4) damiri krynu agacdan d znldilmis uclugu. i kinci ma'nam genislondirm a k d ,~ nlardr. bc lu ki. h ~I ~ I';: 3 sz d vrda do ag Ilh bas. I1m'nasmdu istenmisdu. Hu sz masir rus dilindo agilh bas

mc'n asmda gems islcnmokdodir.! Rus badii dit indo baska s z-.
un mngunmg mu'na alurlan msahido edilir. Bahg m bast: Hoc
y nero )VOJlJIIIIlO IIJil pOK. xpyrmre r naaxn sannun n 1K1ipOM,
JlblC UI I OJIOn a n ano sm uac r a urxy COM a (Fopi.xuii. (<)f( CII IlJlt HaH). Bos dayanmaq, issiz durmaq. ba.}1TI1 qasunaq: 5I npmn arca. KP IlKIIYJI CMY: .<!jYJlCT MOJI. rc c 6a1l1KY-TO ccan. , IIJlIt n o xroraii (Hpan i.r l'nc'rcpacnoi i

Y1JlIII L1) .

Bu sz rus sz qo lov a

ilu mqayisoda dah a gcl alarlar yarada bilir. A.cxov

kirab nasiri A .Plc~~cviJ y azdlg l moktubda basmdakr mvzulan n
oxlugundan sikayotlnnirdi: Ax e CJIH 6 b1 Bb l 3 H aJl lI , KaKoi cio/K eT JtJl 5I poxiaua CIl JUl T u MOJJI :Ull KC! He m da exov burada
zn n yahu z kiik h ck aya ler yazdrgiua va ba'zi romanrlar
kirni irihocmli yaza bilmam osina yumorla beraot qazand mr .
Tamani cksp rcssi v alarda: Ax H l fiaunca C K'III IIKoil !
3h:oii nap y nero K uuc aruuo (JTecKoB. HCKYJla); Ai Iiannca
SZ

lf ClJK)'l l E 1I.IrY P ' ICCB. ail y~lII a}l fimmm-co ficcM n epcccK I>a KUJIHI,
(JI cc Kon O'!.aponaHHb1i cTpaHlIII K).

c a jU I Cf, -T e Il Cph TJl( l}1 Ko 6 hJJIa

Qn ox 1ll,1Il 1i miinasilJu l!\)rda istifadv olullur: 5J c}.ipa y.ncp)f(aJlcr-!y co Deero p3JMaxy l laJI KO no G~lIllJ(e (Ey-

UI ' ITOGI,I lI e j l <ln

!I JlI!. OI" l>l l l lIhl C 1.11 111) ; T OJILKO B r JlYll on eBCTCKo/1 G~I IIl H:C Monm
3a p O)Ul l hOI

I I(r rp c GIlO CT h

TUKlf X

GCCCMhl CJICIlHbI X

" PWI JI'IHH

CCllO C rCrt<l ll ' IIIKOBO.. .). l la l UWT JIII :nu K TeGc,

Kl"Hod i IJIYJl o ii G ~III Il(~' UlOCT. Ll5l11101ll KHII COH) ; Y II\, no Kpaif -

( l l OCT(K fJCKJlii .

Hei i MCpC, ! ta lll ll KaG a p m llll lbJ lIJlll ' JCq CH U b1 XOTR p a 360 iillllKil
i' OJIt.JJIIJl . ] JTO 0 ) '13 .11 1111 1011.: '; ll tJKlt , a

Y JT HX " J( 0 pYJKIIIO
TbJ, JHan., He

JIII Ka -

rJ1<lllKO Bb lC'f pora ll J

6allI KJ

Kuil O.\ OT!>1 IJCT ( r cpo ii IJi.lJlJt.:T O Hp CMCHII ) ;

I

Ba.\'." iJo, aplL ut.'1Il 06 A,

TIOpldl3.l/ bi

f'

J~\ CClW," l t</i",lIIl1l (/!Jly"m,ml~.I" ')l'PNlbl'l{ 11

/97-1.. \ ~-I. ( ,:\9

6 11.1'f"(1o,0,\I 1110110,,', C IJ .
11(11111"''' " 10", " /<J'e.IU" ,\ ftltIM hlll k llil bmd,1. . 17.

..,.cmllptl/llo,Q(J. C l lfiemCIo,(lJI ",IOPKQ 1fJ?II I/ .

i J(J1t>tp eIJ K
J

K 6 0 1lp OC)" of> /l Jy~t.'1II1/1

Cll e.'/I/J1'611 A p .ulIJ l eKIII.l p libie

IlIlOjllo,'IiJ.,,()(J

~ 222~

Il t ) i y;j.;C lJYIIT)\.'i ll b , KOl/ U

Y TC6 H Ka K

Bliep-

ij

(Ka m naIl CK:UJ nouxu

luy:.) sulmaq:

CIG13:1JI KO:-' ICIiJlaIJT, y:m a B ... oznioro

na
174 1 rony . - }la TL I , BIIIIIIO , CTa uanu ix rcar ucanu x (Kannr ancxa no-nca,

rJI 6 .), Osir d sms basqtrdm dilinin. burun

va qulaq larnun kes ilmesi bu ycrfc rdc ycrli xalqla n n rus arizmil'3 qarsr ardr-arasi kasihun vun inadh mqaviruati svanlanuda
onu n istirakuu gster.i . Komcndanu n bclu syankar adama mnasibof hiddat li va istc hza hdir.
Bus .xx asr Ukrayna Y:17I 1SI Basmak Yakov Vasilycv icin (dog. 26.7. 1( 08) tnxulls ohuusd ur. Rus fami liyahm Haskov, Baskin. Bnska - basrbaska qolova sz iJ", olaqodardrr
(Cyu epancxaa... c.69).
lill pIOh':. hr - C(CJ n3\"ar. ya lquzaq. adama yovusma z.
Trk dillorinden ahnm adtr . Q(ldim trkco vi (qurd } Fasmcr
1,168). Yalqtz, qaraqubaq adarn nis damsiq di lindo svs S ilciyye sindc (kirIi, pinti . tklmsl Biryuk kimi g'IZIll'lk .
dolanmaq kimi ma'nnlardn da islcnil ir.! Rus dilindo hl! siiz qcyd
ctdiyimiz hor iki mo'nasiyla islenili r: BI ,lCJlY. GLfB3JlO 11 ;1 Gym p:

pounui

33 BOIO n u UlI lllO'1II 0 :\IY. HOT Ta K-T O ( 0 11 CJ/Oil\ II JI P YI(Y Y pO"la 11

Il Cp nll OIJJ C C C ~1 ne i icrumo (I) O Il CTII ~I CCKIIX tl Cp e JlO Ba lllf i i B ' IaCT "

3aBb iJI 6Y.llTO CTa.!lO BOJIKOB. D onn y IIOTY) .... H II KTO Y A;:C IIC x. u -

neCKY c ncnu oncu cil. OIlIHOKon.

J a iUCB 11 draaanoa. nomouuruux )Til xt cera (Ka33KJl ) 1I 0rO}1l 1ll
npC1I CTa BJHIJl C}f CM)' Uil (l Illl -.":O:'!I . Kam CC:'!1 CCOICjJT HIoI :'! I. ), Y1oI;W W IIM TOJlhKO 0 ;1CIlLf <lX 11 0 ncm.rnx (I-L B.I)cpr. 'ja n uc x u ) . Dnutriyev M. K a ~ga r ya usaslanaraq s zn iki variantuun v ci
vo lk vrk (sapka) oldugunu gsta l"l1la kln can avar dons indon
clan sapkandan volk-birvuk fonctik calrotdan difcr cnsiallasaraq
da nohayot bir koka gcdib <; lxtllg llll gst o rir (Drnitriycv 529).
I( :lIm a ll-q lp3q - tlirk di lh 1'iJ1(k~ qap CF'1l x HaT ,110lU lI ii),
(JJOBytII Ka , oguz dl1urin<! a kapan (azor baycan. t1'knmn d il1.-)rind;) qapan, Dmilricv 5~6) . Rus dilindv nominativ Vil mncazi
ma'nalarda i ~ l a d ili r: 0\'11 tulrnnq n a iut: ll1nYM<Ul OH . 110 C O B~
BeT r a 11 TOJlbKO BH}lIl}! na

TY Tli Matll e B3 . paCCTaB l1T 1"::1111-."::1111>1 OKOJIO U3Jta 11. KilK BOJlKOR

6mn I"np(\.'l.l (lic

n yra 'lcna). i\l;)cazi mil'n ada ~) I il alm aq. alin<:l dl:;;rnak . ttl-

J10B IITb M}f TCil\ HHt.:OH . pa3 LC1ifoialOlllll X 1I0'ILI0

TOPU S!:

I l f C C"III<1/J<)(I

c /3 14.

TlOpKlIJHbl (/ 1'.I', ('gln ua,(,aIlWH .lIC mt" m"n,'n _1111j/<1

( T .' ';/.

/9811.

JXC! -

fiYlI TOIUlII lKO/l II <lIW "3all il LI X B

pbJ i HOJII<, lI o G"lBaJI B

rJI.V I). To lu; tor qunu aq: komendino salmaq: BCLlb r cncps
f ipa ku TaK 11 YCTp a ll Ba IOTC}!. KaK xa ruca ut.r ( << K p clu cpOB3 co u a-

Eyni mo'nada - use rin qa hromam I' ozdmseviu fiktinca

qadmlann ba zonib - diizunm nsi: geyin ib kcciruu esi kisil or n
tolo dir: hanusi kisi la ri t ora sa lmaq n cdilir: Bem, ace 3 TO
pnnuo. '!TO p aCT 3 BlfT L 11 0 rymll lh}fM. no l l o p o iK Ka M BC}f KII C 1c 3 11 1':1111>1 - xyec! (harniu oser]. Rus di linde zakapkan itg - tolcyo
sahn aq - cvlaumak yux andakr soraitlo cynid ir: .. . CM Y H e C11C110 Ba.IH) ifoiCII " TLOJ: c a xr c e s 3 3 1..:::111 );:"::U III JI (Bonsuio )f{a HIIO ) .
K cr vaxnrugrnda K ap ka n kundi olmu sdur.
'ra ] .

H1~1 1 t:lTh CH . I Jp O l l CXOJlI lT

II Ml: IOll ll l ii BC C"~ l a

OT TJOp KCI\Oro CJJOIlO HKlllbI XO -

unrpoxoc pacn pocrpaacnn c

J-i II OJI-

na'uuu.n oro 11 cpcnnux I..: 11 111 (}1,MlI TpIlCB, c.553). 51 K1l13 TbC.sI
trk dill or indok i yaks r s znde ndir (Radl ov , 3, 35; Fasrucr
4.5 53). Yaksr s zna rus bed il di linde aync a da rast ge lnic k
mmkndr: 1118s;)l"n : >IKl lIIl - CK33 an xo nc nna n r: - Tbl Y MCH.sI
aaronopnnu, ( Ka mn3I1 C I(<I}J 110'l K3, r n . VI). . . Y M CH.sI ce Gbln a nouraju, cnan uas , Jl YiK uc O ){1I 11 xaa pn nucu na nee YM llJl bliO norJI.sI}l 1.IBaJ l

np nrouapunaa: (I KWIf

TX C,

'-ICK Hasum (Jt cpu ouroe.

v a digor ~ ,)f"ai l d u yaxsr S7 ycrli trk oh aliyo mnasiba tlo isludilmisdir. (II\W<ITbC5J fc'f rus dil indo faal sok ildo istifado olunur:
Lla ll c n p o ' IIIa 1 0 11h KO iK li3 l11. c ro, 11 Tc6c C GpollHraMJI Hopa n e p('(.' TaTI. m ":III:l'lL Cl I ( d10JI}/); T h l C n an{)' II I1IK3M II S1 KIII:ICUlJ.cn
(Onpono:llii. (d J Cilll a H lIC BCl- a)~); Llyr.laJ IIH IC IllJa'IC KaK 0 IIC'IJlnoii cllnoii m -.":I1I::I(.'TCH (l1.)l,J IK)'llIKIII-J . l(CThIPllaJIUaTOC neKaGp}f).
l; ap lol lIJ. ll:I n ~ - ge tir. llle nfDet. Rus dilind;;) bafl ~ ( 1659cu i l), Ran ~cv (l494) :;;la dilr. 1 Vena orada qcyd olunur k, balcpoi ! nutnero Bp CMCI III) . Lakin

' 11., j l ' ''' , ,,,, )o.II O<I

gil,

cP)

11.1'/1111 1I1".JIIII""'!O(."<" III H

qcy d ctm ali yi ki, burad a

fiy-~<'npC/o;lIx 'J..II'~lellm0(l 6 CJlaUH llt'K I/,'

NJbl'

nsni k m aklcr rus scm an tik form ah (ah s-vc risdu lll' ll1h ld t) bu
szn Volq abo yu tatarlannm dilinden kcrn as in i gilman cuuuyn
as as vcri r.! Dmit ricv Budnqo va es nslanaraq bu sz n scm auti knsmdakr inkisa dcqiq g stonr: ra re KaK J TO CJIORa II B roproru,r x
c.acnx ax yrmrpC6JJ 51 CTC}1 n 3Jla'[Cli1Jii OG OIO}\IlOro COI JI,K IDI u
n poztaxcc

pcu tnc
P bl UJ

JI KYJIJlC , OT KOTOpblX G bl K ICT 11

nuruna. TO 011 0 ][ I1C-

B P YCCKlf if 5I3bIK, COXP,lII HB TOJII>KO :)T O 31l<l ' [ CIII [

U~1\IIITp "CB 526). Lakin bo'z i

6<1-

hallardn ru s budii dilindo sii-

zn ilk in mc'nas mdn islcn mc si halma da rast gohn uk mumkun dur. B aus , bansnik. OH YK<13aJI Hmconaro na TC 3,mO}ihl. B KOTO pu x on xror ,nOCT a T h Jl OIII<l}]di : pCKO /lICIIJ10 B,UI CillY fi ap J, 11J11111 I..: a
B r op en e 11 IJ01\ICWHKa aa j unu u tar J, BCp CTbl OT r 0]10)\ a.

pi.r x fit-tnn

JIY' J W Jl C

no uxum ,

11

y KUT\)-

OO CWaJI ne.H KOC concc n.uc

(J I.TOJICTOI. Bona " unp ). Hcm in mc'nada fc'l ~;)klilld,J islonilir: OH JlO LUa,nb i-1II 6a ph1lIIIIIf 'W l'T 11 co RCC1\JJI 3JlClLlllIL\l 11 ryc tl-

pru m

311aKOM ( Y IIlDKCHJlbIC JI

ocxop a eum,r c mo jtn ]. Oa zan c .

geli r: qbJXJl CP C.LlCJWJ I B OWIIl iIleC}I!I 80 Tbl Cm l ' lI lCTOI'O apr . nn a

(l'us kin. N,N .P ll ~ k in<l ya muktub, 8 dck. !33 1).

Rus nntropo nimla ri iurisindu soy ad kirni, (I ;a p J,IlII Cn 1;;1Cyncpan cxaa. 4 1) grn r. KaK nponcn H]K W t y La-

pbJW lIl JlW R.

PhUJJJl ll KORh JX?

(Oribocdo v S. Bcqicva rna klub iyun I24) .

PaxaT-.II YKpl. Dyii unu V,-) sukurdnn, ntcyvu sirnsi. badam V8 sddun haZlrI8 1l111 1.~ ~,Jrq sirni yya . Turk d ill,lrindd [,I11a l
lukurn (Radlo v 3,75 1) ,)sli i.H ' Jb cl ilinduki rahat V,) hulquln
szLi nda nd ir (F asmcr 3,449 ). 0113 ne sv odi la s III ('n ;) q laz.
prcqlupo uiJbaDsg i avkau kraxmal gnlY r a x at- lu ku lll . kotony
lip k cc rozovlln dcsna m (Lcskov . ~< Dc(skie (juli!). 011;1
IJP HXO,nJl T K lI a ,\I xaJllloii Jl paX ~lT- :I Y I ": Y I\I O J" . B ,\l, U1['IX
KopooKax IU oc0 60 r o pCpCBiJ (A.O.C"lI'lJlJana - PoeeCT.
130 cIl 0 :-'lll lI aI Il I5J, n JlCI,/l1{\ , c.325). l\~agl cl akJ em l,Jcl,) is;) pallq
anlaY I$ 1 zn n Y<lP l$tFllJ llgllltl Stva~qa ll l lgln(\ gr ;) ra11at hulq1l111a oX$<IclllJr: Hom era IJ Or pO /llJlb1.\ K,UJOllJaX Y\O,LlIl.'JIJ
l'Jl y6m:o IJ 1")'CT1'10 KJK p :t \ :tT~.;I Y KY :\I , rp}I"lh . 11 Bl>lJlClJll 1 nrrY)!l

CB IJ CT01\1 II uann am.cxr (Kynpnu. J Io c JU JH OK ) . s lub i

mcta foralurm budi i ynradrcrhqda islodilun diga r dil. nitq
mc ta foralnrmdan forqi onun sz so nc tkarhgr ila bag h ol mas tdtr.
Odur ki, CXOVllll dilindo m e t a f o ra saciyyasinda islenen raxatlukurn Z islonmcsi uo g r,) OX maraqhd tr. 0 z n n yaxin
do st u Vu hoya u nda o x mhrn yc r tut mus Liza Mi zino vaya
onun actdrllili yi, coskenliyi haq qmda yngl mezemmetla
]97-ci il 27 dckabr tarixli muk tubund a yazudr : He ynsr c KHCJl bJ, lWJ( KJJIOKB 'l. byzu .rc pUXaT-JIYKYi\IOI\I.
bn pn a re - Turk dil lerin dun roputox, craxaa rna'n ah
hardak s zndcn alm madrr (F asmcr 1, ] 26 ). Q Bdil11 trk d illi
ruun bn lurd un rua'lum o lur ki, mcy, sa rab. mo'nas mda b op>
sz ixlunmisdi r. Bu s z he tta XV esrde tga tay yaz th e de bi
dilind u V, ) cle ca do ort a osrl e rda monq o l di linde islonm isdir.
Muhz . .. z m siros i (mcy/sa rab) me'nasmda qc dim trk dili nde
is lon on ho r sz ila q ab ma'nastnda o lan d aq sznn birlesdi rilmu sinden m cy qabt mo 'nasm a miiny yn n q ab nv aulayisnu
ifadu eden ru uruk kub bir ad kim i bordnq - bardaq sz yaradtlnusdtr. I
Dmi tric v do Bud aqo va esastauaraq Azarbaycan szleri
iurisi nda rast go lmoso do bor-duk srcx ,~J J }I BlIHa ) Aza rbaycan
s z hcsab cdi r. Qodim u yq urca bor vin o 1113'Jum o lsa da, deIJl ,) ],; mmkndr ki, rus d ili ulmmasr burduk sz Qafqazdan
kcmudir (Dmitricv 532). Masalan: IJ llfiCP 5IX Jle)KaJ I IlY3aCTbJlf
GYPiliOK ( 130JI0l3 l1ll l\I CX) , paCTOnbJp}J CBOH tJCThlpC Hom (TIyreI lJCCT13HC II I\P3PY/I l 1 nl.) .
DClll,"l k mlimkndr ki, Qafqaz m ai ~ ~) t i n d a kCBl1 B~ya taIll alll ilkin forma V:J t,"l'yillatmdadIL Azarbaycan mhit indu i SD
m aYy im bir qab nv ,va ad l b mi artIg ma 'hnndur. Sz mu b d ilinda kLi I] i lliiqdar i ~ I ;)Il;:)n trk lll an ~ Dli s zlor io risind a dB var dIr,:?
CO

I 1J,IIlllil7aJu 50 S7, ,,_55-56.

I

Vcno omda. s_ 4'J.

-' Ih'drn ldin Ayt.?c. Amp Inhcelcrindc tllkcc kelimelcr, flJA ViJkfi, istBnbul, 1994,
s.J8.

227

<!;<>~

[)a;lhll

Q odim rus di lindo s u qabt nu-'n as m d

(i<l1l 1l~

monbu dillaru aid uygun kisa suklinda tcz-tcz rast gal inir: .. .y
orpoxuras ierreu C m ae on lIJ IR -rn :a<e lJoTp e611oCTII
(lpnfiocnon. IIIIC LI\IO K I; CP rII ' ICBY 10. 13 fcvral, 1819. Naxr-

m a'nadad tr: Sa ksen ye rda badyulor q unr lmusdu (111 ho v) . Hu

vandan) .

trkizm haqqmda Daim l g ;l tind v dc yilir: a JlhH pon )' llia Ta 11.11 11
ons ruoro nenpa: Y puaso e an s a. noxau n xoropu ouu 1ICp-

. 'I yfi~'1": _. Fasrucr iblkf/ ubuk sznn trk dillarind o yalbil' m u'n as uu p ru t. dlinnaa palka qeyd cdir. (Fasmcr
4.35X) . Buuunla yauasr trk dillorindo ha m ubuk prut, vetka vu uhnk (a kma k) ma'n alan ila do me 'lumdur. Dmitricva
gI7I I1lS di linc trk dilinden kcrnisdi r. C LJyj'K a MIl pyccxnc

iKaT!>

I'

soklinde islon mekd odir (S rczncvskiy 1.39). Turk dil k.rindou

alm madtr, serab n qa b tFn smcr 1. IO.t). K DO -da da hu

pbl6y 11

Tp C' I.CIO

I1IZ

p a 3HOO IT Ha I1PO)1<lif\Y: POl l 6011 hlllo ii 11 BhlCOKOi i

6311ciiKa-\la.'lan. flan.MI : ln51 p a JHOCKIi 1lI11II11

va S. (Ilam, 1.37). Bu sz forma va funksiyasma gT<l "OX mxtolif olrnaqla rus bodi i dil indo islok vahidlnrdundir: 011 IIJlll,'1H1 Inyn K noxr op y n cpceanm.r naKll pOB;:lIlIll>lii yurar . n KOTOpOM .

11 1.1:'<

RO sny CTORJla cepcpan as a.u,u C Il Kpo if (Kynpnu . Kop t,):

noii "plIlla.QJICJlOIOCTh IO p yccxo ru .Ll BOp RIICKOro 11 nOMCWlf lfhcro

rJllIH.llHo l-IaIUK II;

Tyr

iKC IJOO!laJIL OT III IX CTOJ1'.'l

roponouo

11 Ka " o ii-1'O Il'\ lfJI

olllllUCpLJ J1 0 311 <lKOMl IJlII Ch. OtICB Hll HO , BO Bp CMR MIIOrOLJ IICn CJl-

ary Iiant. ro TO K r o. TO K .npyro In )f\CII 11 1111 I (T'Ycnc ucxn .

Il epaaa xnapru pa}; r p H311h l i i JIR Op. ouccc nm.r lI aB CCO.\l : 1\0 JlODC U C iKCJl C3 11110i{ an r.e . rpoxr srxmo mcii Ha )f(CJIC1 110ii Il CII II
( Y c n c HCKII. O C1'3 11o BKa B n opo rc): 31'0 B W 3 XT<l X iia ;u. sl copCb:a 3aJI

aonono . non yxmn ( vlcxou . ( ' laCH,C ))). Hu s z

bir Ie rmi n kimi de rus dilinde ox islokdir: Benen aa fiC'll' HKOii

11n}1 xaru.ono n 6hlJl uarnn yr 350 xrcrpoa t.nl TpOCC, no KOTo pmlY
BO npC M.ll CTPOHTCJl6CTlla nuurannct, i/<CJIC3IlaH fiaJl l.sl (<d30KPYT
CTlCTa )iKYV . 1991, N::0 6, c.17.1 ll .Kpuuuo u. id~cJJl l a.c nnunn.r
IlCMlIorO no xronuar c. 15-20 ).
KIIl' CT, Kn ca. ki sa. K isct ~ z liD trk lll ,m ~ 8 l i kisa
(SllIll Ka. Il1c ~ok. kotomka! sz ili1 ')l<lq ildan llr. Fa Slll l'r 2.219 l.
Azar baycan dilindo h l::lJll kiik. hum ti,) hylik kisi), torba. ( u\'a !.
Rus dilinda - tL tL n kisiJs: kisct Ol! IIO JIC:I B I OJIClIll l r\C' :w I..:n ("l'TO ~ 1 11 )10 Jl r O CUiC BOp ' la.Tl, ll <l fir ll ~ a ll TPl'OKY 11 '\<l I\YPlI B:lil cc
(r apw Il lI . 113 BOC IlO .\lll ll allllll ]'JJ .'IOB Oi i l l r:aHo Bil ) HilI' dir
kis\), kiik tmba: Y .\IC llil B h: l1Cl' l l' Gr,I.' 1 IICP O' 1I111 ll hl ii 110/1\111\ IJ

11 nOCTc nC HHO 3 10T

npcnu cr cran r nn ux-

}IO ~la . OTCI01.lt1 11 IllaM lIJlI l.S1 l..fY)'KOB C.l.lp.,mTj")JI CBCT}I, 551). 011 11
cnnc nrr na "POBtl.TJJX, IIOJlJK <lB 1I0f n n o -rypcuxu . C llJII lllllhlMIJ
' IY l~'1..:a _\ lII ( Flnnacua . B OCn OMIfI:la HIHI) ; '{ y yx -ro He JI? _ c n p o c un GOJlphlif ronoc , ( << XallJl(JI Mypar ).
C~ II}IY I\', San drq. T rk dillerinda n aluunadrr (Fasmcr
301m 3). Fnsmcr bu sz iin btn trk dil lorinde islondi yi ni qcyd
cuuuklo sz n uru b m anso f s and uk soznda n old ugunu da
gs ti)rir. r S unduk istor qndim rus , 0I1a rus, istarso do ma sir
n rs dilindo tr k di llannd a oldugu kimi seyla ri saxlarnnq iin
qupaqlr va kilidl i-aarh qut u ma'nasmd a islonmi s va islamn okd'l(lir.:! Orob sz sandrk bil' cox trk dillarin a kcmisdir. Mtlasir rus dilindo na iin sandtk evoz ino sunduk islonilir? Helel ik

ual1l.e BO.rIbI: lICII L LIJl acapxnii . II iKlI.'1 no suuryru o 1I0 ){lI0CILlj

nano cs,

BoH" c Typ u uc,

b ulu mrnk n dcyil (Dmitricv 544). Lakin SOlI tudqiqatlar sz n

rus . P l l! O\' l' ~; ,)Iaq:dnri zD lllininda kediYni gstorir. Taglycvin
Jl\ JI111ll ,) ~i ll" ind\)
Dmitriycv bll szn serbca talmt llllJ' n a Sllll ifa.
d,) L'l diyini qcyd ctlllDkJ,) bUllllll rnaraqiJ fakt oldugllllU dcyirdise
dil, h'lrnin ~/ID Y'IIl<l~j liirk di lla rind,) hOlllin Illa'nada snnducri) ) sz iiniin i ~ I ;) nd iy i ll i n ~)d uns<J qcl'd clmir. $bhsiz, bela
a~kar ta rixi-lIlildDl1 i fakt Dmilriyevv ma 'llIITI o l ll1a m l ~ o lmazd l .

l\l p a ll ll a lU, 3a 1lCp ll)ThlC B 6YMaif , I\ Y (I 'qlllCIi . \ >l,ur o l' 11 Ll ) 'i\l b1.
K II . 1 ) : K IICCT 3 10T BhlW IIJlO1 I' i\l Y

I laclc lI I>l\a

11 11 0 /I\ C'J:1I1l110 ('1'0 .

I130 6 p a 311Jlil Hil o Jlll o ii CTopo m: I\ ;n ;l l\ ;l , Y Il U;1I0 Ill C r O J yp l\a. , I IJa

llpYl'oi i -

KpCIlOCTb

'!;;>

l3a p llY (<<T I,It:}I'ra .. ,yu m ) . I~ Yll i

%=" '" ~

zam anda

"f. T;'.~~\'llll ~'6_~f"rd~"III;' <,!fim ./ " .' III/dl/I.: ,;lklin,J.~1 polon:'s dl/ilu/;, I,/i 1fl,,1i>.dir.

{(./I , !l.1/1I1I/ " "" 1. -'"_/.5/

.

\{

I~I '

f~'.,,,"; fI"",~ ,,J' " "1/

../. \ ,; " ,"." ,." " ,.;\

-=====-

,,,,,'

1"1I""'f"'.1t'ltIt..... . <'.706 1n101'''-C'': I I,'fI /l fl OI I C.l o."t"<' ltltJ/ 6

lid " l/JII'IIl"-,n

<l;o>

XI 'I- .\ l '!f 6 6_ . (". 151

%=>

:!29

~ &sf.;;:=::-

-=====_

. S andrq. rus mai suunc.... gCIll~ yayumaqla e syam n adnu

bildirir. Bu xalqm me iseti nca sunduk (sanchq) hucmiuu g rv.
funksiya lanna gra nui xtal ifdi r. Rus difi ndu osya ad t bildi nnuk la ynnasr [haqiqi rrr.'na] , b ir srra yaxm ma'nalan da bi ldi rtnuya
xidmat ed ir: Bnpyr MCPUaJlO B 6 hlCTpO non nan es C c )' ll ll y ...a Ha
KOTOpOM no CIIX nop CIIJ{CJI (K ynpnu. {(lJYllCC III>li )101\101').
A ~agldakl seraitde sandrqda qa lan pub dcdikdo pulu n d vriyyaden qalmas t naza rdc tutu lur: bu zaman sandrq-xoz ine, kassa
me'ua a lan kasb edir. A Y nac nCC.sITK Ii MllnJllfO llon B cyu j ty k a x
- nCIKaT - (Kynpnn. XO pOllJCC Ofi lllCCTBO).
Sandrq q lfan ogru pesosi ma'nasnu vcrir; Ilo CIlUlIIaJl h J1 0 CTlI OH B311a MbIBaTeJlb cynnyxon. IKcne31ll>IX x acc 11 np yrn x

(Kyn PIlI I. ((0 6 1 1) Ia ~)

B ir sandrq pul kll i-m iqdar va r-d vlot. m bal igal i bir

XpaU IIJl liU llCHC)KlIhIX 3 113KOIJ.

hadd kirni isleni lir. Kuprinin Casur q aaqlar hckaye sindo

y e-

tim usaql ar ale rinin yasadrqlan pan sionatdan qaarkan ge leca kde on la n g zlaya n miistaqil , ~;,)11 varh ha yat haqq mda xoy nla
dahrlar. Burada usaq te fakkii riinda , bir sandrq pub dig or vas ita lari a yenas t tam ta raqh ha yaun zam inine cvrilir: Korna Mhl
n p nncer

H Op OB'IaT 51 CMY Bbl WJlIO ucn u

1103 6 1lH IX 11lI)UOKOB ,

K)'JJ, ryce . C060JlbiO w y 6 y , -rpo ii xy ar c pc uo n 11 CYIIJlYK J1CIl Cr.

Topladrgumz faktlar gs te rir ki, sandrqi sz z birbasa vardvlat, pui mo'nasim ifada cdir. Masolcn: ) J{CIilIJIC}! 0 11 06 hIKHO-

aca ncuu o TOM nCm IKOJlC IlI IIl , KOTopoe a a c OKPYlKaJJIl? ( KYIl-

S und uk - kiik cv, d axm a, yoxsul cv :

pIlII . 3 11C:JJl h l C{)JIO",IOIIa) .

... u c J1YMa l l. ' ITO lI aifJIY Tc6H R TaKOM C}'IIJl)'Ke. B CJlb 3 TO cy u -

JlY '~' a ilC naprn pn CUOCTOC BCKU. Y HIfIKCHll blC u ocxapncnHhIC) . Bu s z n adi muiset asyas tmn admr ifada c t m a si z e xo vn bu add an g ls xa tirina istifadn etmosina sarair yaratmisdrr. 0 kitablaruun nasiri Suvorina yeni osorinin adr ila bagh 5
fcvral 1893-c ildo yaztrdr: 5JlCCK, Flone, Monnns, CYIIJl)'K,
Il.l r ortop, IIanr onoua... 3 TO He ronurcs. exov z nemaxsus yu morla znn mosh ur usari olan Qagayr dram mm adi k im i
poetik adla bir srrada adi, bayag t. ose rle he bic a laqas i ol mayan
mui se t osyalarmm adnu okmekle asara ad vcra rken na qa da r
I..ueddiidiur kcirdiyini bihlirir. Sunduk sz kiiltma alarh
so kilc iHo da istifado olunur: 1I 0ToMY '-ITO, aa ur 6POlIh, y H IIX, Y
KaiKlloro . IIpll C)' lIJl )" IKC 3aMOK llOJDKeH Ha XOJl HTh C5I (Kynpun.

Jlmua uuc). Rus familiyasr Sundukov, Sundukov sunduk

s z ila baghd lr (Cyncpancxaa... 92. 93).
A JI.\I<lJ. A hnnz - Btn trk di l larinde qiyrnotli das-qas
mil kim i isluditir (R ad lov 1,438, Fasm cr J, 7 1). Bu qadi m sz
K DQ-da ad i vu benzatma sa ciyye sinda islad ihn isdir: Buyruzr
nhu ns cida kibi Qa nturalunn za rine srdi (VII bo y) . Rus
dil indo hu SZdIl ister Z ha qiqi me 'nasr, yax ud o lav o m e 'nalan
ilu bodii yaradrcil rqda gcnis isrifada edilir. Belo hallarda, ox ZJ -

cC Me HlI hlii 'ICJl08CK 11 )KlfB CT IJ CTpaxc 60)1(IIC M.. (YCJlCIlCKll ii .

man szn ronginu, p an \t ls llla , ~o ffa f1 lgm a gm krma I1m'nalan nd,1ll istifadD olu nur. 'Maso!Dn: a JI Ma3JHUI p a ll}Ta, 'a n J\H13 -

K III DI(K3 'I CKOB)) .

11 :11/ p o e n , :lJli'I :tJ ll hlC C.1 IC3 LI, <l ll J\H1311I>ti ' c ne r

Sand lq-ta yyara ihldas i du rus mifo loj i, o fsanuvi tosa vviirla rindo mhk am yel" tut lllu:;;dur: P a 3BC M I,1 Cl1hllJ1aJl ll 0 Tm l ,

I1pOIU<lllJ,C;

nClIlI D He lIa )KCHW lI lI C, a !Ia CYIIJlY I(C, 110 Ilp IITIIOP}1J1CH, 'n o 0 11 -

Ka Ka51 llaJl b Hc ilJIa }J

]i

OKOll'Ia TCJl bli,Ul CYllh6a 110CT llrlJa Rc e JT II

CYUJlYK If- Ca MOJI eT LI, cc:.mMHJlblibIC

callol1l,

IlJa UKII-IICB IiJil IM-

l,.:

va s . : ' CTler lI a

J CMl l e i i 1ll~p C1J1iH aJI TaKIIMH a JlMa 3aMH, 'ITO 6011l> IIO

fih lJl0 J"lJ}ll \C"1J, ( tjCXO B. K OIJIMa p ); BOJII1bl npollH KHyr l>I C CO]I-

HC'IltJ,lM

CBC-rtiM

opolllaloT

a l l .\l a3 HblJ\1If fi pbl3raM il Be iD Ja CTIt -

TCJIl>11 0 CTh. KOTopaK CJlBa 3J iaCT, ':!TO TaK OC CHe r H MOP 03bl, 11

Kil, BOJlb UlC 6 Hb lC nanO' IKH, Mi1Il I' ICCKI1C Kom,lla? (KY IfPll ll. (1i30m,-

[(II CHI nC ClI11 BCTP C' Ia IOTC}1 C llBCTa MII BCCHb l ( T . naCCCK.

UJe6 11hli i KOnep) .

JlaJll,lfJ ,IX l iCT. 11

indi burada gst amcayi llliz ~ma td\) bu sz sirli. q apa ll

rak, qa lb ma'n asmda zn gstari r: 1-1 0 p a lJbluc CKa iKIIT C, ll e T
1111 Y Bac, Ha caMOM D He D}' III CRlI o r o CYll lI)'Ka, II CT mi Y Ba c CO-

CTYJ1Cil Cii BO}ll ,I, Cc pJ UITO pB a Jl p c 6pa

230

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1-13

11 IJa Me CTe , r,Uc 0 11 CTORJI, rpCM5I 11

CHCPK ;UI a ml :11110ii IICJloi , 611JI BBe p x BLICOKOIO

P Y' l h CM p a JG CI":UICR Bll.VIII

CTpyei

Kflt0 1..j

on p a ra 11 CCPC6P "CTbI M
no 3CM HOMY nyry (JIccKon. C06o-

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P}lIIC ) ; T paea nOCH Jlfl OCh TQ IIIIIl Hp Kltii 3 CJICHbl ii lIIe11K, 11 na uci i

TaM u CH M llpOiKaJJJI II rp aH paanon ncr nuxtn orn uxm pymuac

amram ue poct .r (Kyn puu. K CJI3BC) .

V. Dal Puski n haqqmda xatiraln rindn yazrrdt: J\.1110ro anMaJllbl X n CKp Il yurxna a p ac cr.m anu cs Tj 'T 11 TaM R 1I0 TCMKax :
sntoro nonouocr cf iKII 3H U era 11 3 BCCTII O na paanux onna x
P OCCII II ; lI X nano CUCCTII B O}lIl O xtcere (DJI.}lam... B OCII OMltlla H it}! 0 Il yu uo ma. Dal burada Puskin haqqind a qodirbilenlikfe
damsmaqla yanasr, onunla bagh (h;)111 hoyati. ham da ya radrcrhgl Ha bagli) hor bir xatiraye. kiicik ha yati tafbntiatlnra bcla
rnos'uliyya tle yanas rr. obrazh olaraq bunl an almaz qlgl ;cllll lan
adlandmr V ;) bu q rgilcuu lann izsi z-to zsuz sumssiudon qaygrlanu .
Oir. Bastangrc f sa smin b i1'3 xamk tcu-evezlc nmcsi gs lvr ir ki,

1t3)'r.fpynnoc yrp o, 1t3YMP YJlHaJI poea va s. epitetlarinin islenm asinda zmrd dasmin rangi, parl aqhg i, inca liyi rol oynarrusdrr.:
3aiKf nach c x p o ano lt 3a1"pcIICTaJla, sanpoxana nC;.KlIL IM 113YMPYllO:\I cxpou uaa nanekax aseana, 11 aa nero lJiUlIIO B30WJlJ I Ha
Hc60 UPYJlIC en anume PaJlIO UBCTHh IC aaeansr (A.Kynpu u.
M Me Fy pon) ; Mopc JlC)f{aJI O c n oxo noe, JlaCKOBOe, nC;.KIIOr' ; 'yMp)',lIIi OC oxono c pcroe, caerno-cnnee nocpezunre 11 JlIIWb

dili bu sz trk dilinin istirakr ilo monimsomisdir (Dmiui cv

556). Digar mineral adlan kim i firuzo do esase n mug nd r kimi
mctoforik alarda isledilir. mnzmun unda nyanili yu, tc biiyu kmak edir. Mesa le n. vlyn.-uyn, B611IJC poaoau orncc racu yurcro saxar a HC3ar.tel1 1O LlJUI rn<n ncpcxona n B cnat-ni or-rcnox

\ .Ky"plfu. (<1<01'1.).
Zmrd sz digcr das-qas adt bildira n trkizmlar kimi
us dilinde novazisli, m rac iat kimi isla na de bilir: 30JlOTOiiTbl
Moil, IIJYJ\l PYJU It.I, HXOHTOBbI - ,Ua oxaar una ero WCJO PYKa-

asmsenue Gnpl03LI (K yn PIlH. Jl ccnnx rJIYUlh). A ~:l g lda Bunin -

M il 11 3<11\1epJl a (H Jl cCKOll.

dan gatiraca yimiz misa1da firuzo sz gzlerin va samatun

be dii dildo gzol poetik mctafora1ar yaradir: zmrd eme n,

zmrd yarpaq (taza ailan yarp aqu. Tcnsxo 'ITO H 3TO B cepnne
CBOCM nporoaopnna, II anpyr ~I)'BCTB)'IO, -rr o THllllllia noxpyr

Iinpuna. - firuza -

"

~I

I
i
'I
'I,
I

I h y'MP Y,~ - ziimriid. Oslan trk di lle rine man sub olan .b u
sz bir srra dillerle yanasi rus dilina de ke misdir. Ma nbe . dillarinde oldugu kimi, rus dilinde da asil ma'nas t Ha yan~ l . (qiy:
me tli das-qas), yaxm ma'nalan , rna cazi ma'nalan Ha da istifada
oIunur. X IX asr yazirlann m ba dii di linden topladrgnmz materiallar g sto rir ki, rus dil indo H3YMPYJlHhIH nee, H3j'1>lpYJlJla~
3Be3,lJ,a, In YMpy.nll a}f TpaBa, HJYMpynHhlH nHCT, HeJKHO-H3YMPY.n:nee (xrope), 113YMpynllhTe rnasa, 6ne,lJ,HoH3YMPY,/lHOC1 He60,

01l P 1033 -

ycni farsca

~)ipy]&

soslc-

bodii tc'yinlari kim i I X l~ cdir: 0 11 no,uwIJIC}1 .. . 11 TOT -rac IIpll H~W GeCCTpaCTHoe Bhlpa)KCIHlC , icax 61.1 c-ra pancr- CKpLlTh 1I0 CTOHHH YIO ttec am, CBOHX ncn uo-up un utu.rx rnaa (cdvl ennTOB ); J TO

M)')KHK,

Ha3a,lJ,

Ohm BblCOKHi

xyno,

11 0

xcpo uio cnoaccnnstii

nerxuii Ha xon y H crpo tuu.r. C IIc6oJILlIJOI, orx nnyro

rO Jl o n oi

(<<C oellhl)~) .

11

fi ll l )l{) 30 1l0~ C C p l , I "" Il I ,

Bela trkizm1a rin

)l(llll bl Ml l

n l3 3a MIl

rus dilillda sab it t,,'yill1m

yarada bi1mosi ila n<:.l zar<l aq111". Il1 111l1iyyat1;J, ta'yill1 ilik xiisusiyye till<J g1dikdiOl dcma1iyik ki, az tiirkizm tnpmnq olar ki, szn osi1 ma'nasmda te' y i n1D ~ ll1v s i ll , Hatta yuxan da qcyd etdiyimiz kimi bir sz n silsila ta'yin lm yaradaraq I X I~ ct~ i yi mo'lulll
olur .

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232

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ie-rzrc CUBa rponyroc

Me WI

cr ana Il C0 6 LHTIIa H,

nC Hl lB bI MII IPllaJlCTOBbIM II Mo p W UlIKaMH

Ouapoeann ent

H J1C)Ky

6YJ],TO

CTp a Hl IHK) .

Bu sz

51 B n o n e , B s en e n n

TaKoM

113Y1\IP YWlOi (Jl CCKOB. Boarcn suxna); B KOMHaTe fismo OTKpu r o OKIIO, U 11 3 3TOro OKJIO 6 blJl BHneH aenenu ,c an , r,nc yrp ClI lI CC COJIII LIIIJ KO, oeBewa H 3JlhIH n .uo6PhlH, urpan o no HOBbIM
II J)'J\lP)'JliIToI1\I n li eTOllKaM MOJlo.uoro BHIlI CIIIIIIKa.. . (H.Jle cKOB.
)K IIT IIe OJUIO J 6aGb{); BCH ny6nllKa WJla n CW KOM, ncp)f(aJI
GOJICC n poeox w llx BhJeO KlIX py6c){(cil, rne )"A<C JcnCllcna n Cp BaJI
IU ,YMp YIl ll an T lJaBKa , (H .JlCCKOB. ({Oyrano).
Rus d ilindo Z rnriid rang man fi a larlarda da istifada
OIUilU r. Bu zaman bu rungin soyuq, ka skin, bir nv nifrat oyadicl
ti)'s iri OJsas g Hiriili.ir, nifratoyadlcl, kaskin, buz kimi soyuq ba<!!<> ~ 233 <!!<>

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-======-_

xrslon ifada cdir: 06 ourecrec II C 3a6oTIIJlC~, II 0 TO MY lITO

~K06LI npeue fi p e r an aceera ~<IlO KJlOll ~IOWIl M IlC}I JJlaTY 11 npcay;
1I B n p n CM HOM nc xoe, rnc nesoro fisrno n p ll lll l MaTb , nepscan Ha
BbI COKOfi. 06J1TOH Kp aCIi LTM C)'K II OM KOJT OJllie JlIITOro

rensua co crpau mue ur

3CJlCI1blM il

IIJ) 'l\I p YJllI I.IM II

J1]

30JIOTO

n l3J a ~ 1II

i. Bunin dilindo ziimriid bnsh ilan

ifade si de bu manfi alarlara yaxmdrr. Ma sol a n: Ho ROT onnaac-

IJl

rosn.

T RI{ i\ 18l':S8Li Oi'OM ASTK '.' A Hi~L8R N RI.!S ,

H8Dii DiLil':D8 iSL8 NM 8 XUSUSIYY8TL8RI

( H .flcCKOB. C M CX 11 r ope ) .

lILI , Ha

noxoce, ons uras

BoB 0 6BH1l0 CL

Kp yr

cc

6JlCCT}llIIil 3 MC C J13YMPYJlHO fi r01l0 -

6ocoii 110111 ( H .I;YU II H.

Arnas). Bur a-

dan da aydm oIur ki, yazrr cy ni bie epiterdan rncnf va ya

m sbat m aqamlard a istifada ede biler.
.
Izurn ru d t rkizmi rus dilini n poet ik o nomastikasmda
ham a dabi texall s kim i va ham da at adr kimi (L.Tolstoyun ya radi crlrgmda) istifada ol uumusdur: Sai r, dramat urq , ha m de j urna list ol an V.A .Qarlitski otuzda n OX te xe llsle rdon isti fada
ctrnisdir. B unlardan ekzo tik lzumrudov te xe lls onun di gar
toxellslari kim i slubi ma qsad a xidmat cnuisdir.
Bu blmada al da olunan na tiesl ar e sas mda bclo bir
qenaate galmak mmkndiir ki , trk monsa li s zlerin hu d ildo
mcta fo rlasmasi qabanq bil" key yyet kimi zn g ste rir. nk i
varligm osya va hadi sal a ri dilde c lan sz cbuyanndan qa t-q at
aruq dir. Me taforik mec azlasm a neti ca sinde o l11<1la gulnn rnn'n alar iso hnrnin obyekt larin adt kim! Islone bil ir.!
Turk mensoli sz lorin byk e ksnri yynt inin m nca zlas maSI, oxma'nalihq yaratmasr, nah ayat me tnforik keyfiyymlarinin
stniy on lan n bu dilda gcnis mn'na zunginliyi yarada bitmo
soviyyes inin yksakliy ini va onlann hu dil n 7.Grur dil va-

hidlarilldan olmasl faktll11 tiJsdi qlyir.

I .HuiI ,>'!r A 7,lrllJyc:m c/lh / IJi",;;,. ,~/5'1.

Trk d ilinin yzitliklar boyunca mxta lif etnik qruplar va

millatlar aras mda inti qr asi yaed ici V<J a laqa la ndirici funksiyasmi
yeri na yc tinnasi nda hayauu a n miix talif sfcraJan na - i~tima.i

siyasi, sosial-iqtisadi , mad oni-mei set, herbi va s. saha larine aid

klli rniqdarda trk mansalt szlerin bir srra xalqlann dilinin lgat ta rk ibinda zne ah amiyya tli yer tutmasrmn b yk rolu 01mu sdur .!
Ru s dil iuda ki t rk me nsal i szler va bu d il vasitasila kca n altnm alar rus di li leksik asuun de rn ek olar ki , btn sahele rina, 0 c mlodon onomastik sistemine da n fuz ede bilmisdir.
O nom astik va hidla rin bedii dila xidm uti da rin tarixi an'
onoyo rnali kdir. n ki xs usi ad lan n ba dii dilda yksak badii -

estenk vasitoyo cvrmosi z tarixi-ictimai inkisafm mahsuludur. Bete ki, bu adlar z esns vazi fa la rini n icrasiyla berabar,
badiilik sev iyyesi na qa lxmaqla yc ni me zmun ila zan ginla sa rt

vahi dlera cvri lmis. daha ckspressiv vasite olaraq yaddasla ra

kem isd ir. O nomastik vahidlar da bir sira b yk, cla ca de rt l
fikirlari n, m aq sadlarin tasvirinda ugu rlu m qayisa lor , estetik

vasitolor sirasmda sayila bila r.

Rus dilinin onomastik sisteminde trk mansoli szlarin ye ri, mvqcyi istiqamatinda apardrgnmz arasdmnalar gstorir ki,
rus bad ii 110 sr di !indo tiirk 111;:)11~a li x susi szlar z nominati v
m a nal an ilu yal1 a ~1 slubi matcriaI kimi da lXl~ etm i~, bu dilda
obrazh ifad l;)rin da ya ranm asmda m oyyan rol oynal1ll~d l r .
Ru s yazll1alll1 l1i a Suriarind an ox ba diili ya xidmat eda n
t rk Ill n ll ~ ali sz lar, on omas tik leksikanm bt n qat laflI1l - toI ..I.11/{' IItI!lJ TlOpk lll llb/ 6 Cf1(>{)II(' 6C" 06U.l; ?p)'JIIJlCK.11X IICIJIO 'lIllIK.(U Ha OC"OO' ?PY1/lH-

CKmi ,1f>m m l/l f ll . Kop IJ/mlc Il lnope6u , tiK//.. 5.1992. c. 3.

<!;;>

%="

235

<!;;> ~

--====-_

,..-----------------------------.
ponimlari, antrotop mim lari, etnonimlari va S. 8 11 <1 1<) cd ir. Qcyd
ctmak lazimdrr ki, r ts bedii dil inde trk 111~:m ~8I i onomast ikantn
he r blmasi aynhqda ox genis tc tq iqat 1810b cdir. Hu cnhu tdnn
rus bo dii dilinde trk mansaf toponimlardau, antropnnim. etno-

nim va s. aynca danrsmaq Iazun golir. Ru meqsadlu XIX es rin

byk rus yazrrlanndan c lan A .Pu~kin, N.Qoqol, l.Turgcnev,
L.Tolstoy, A.exov, A.Kupri n, N.Leskov, A.Qriboyedov. i.n.
unin, M.Qorki va b. sz sana tkarlannm yaradrcihgr iizrn bir nca i! erzindo apardigmuz msabidalor gstarir ki, trk onomastik vahidlari rus badii fikrinda oxdan Z me'yarlanm qazannuslar.
Rus yazrrlanmn asarlerindo gcl badiilik vasirnlorindon
olan trk mansali adlann izah 'va serh siz islenmasi. onlann ob~
razhhq vas iteleri ndan biri olmas t artrq hentin adlarla alaq e dar
tesovv rn bitkinliy ina sbutdur. nk i bu adlar rnqayisn vas itssi kim i isl a nmuzdan qabaq , s bhosiz, z osas funksiyal artnda
ha min oxuc uJara yaxsi rno'Jum idi. Hu ma'nada rus dilindo trk
mansof antrcponimlar (soy adr, ad, laqab, tarixi saxsiyyut adlan) digaf onomastik vahidler kimi xsusi obrazhhq imkanlan na ma!ikdir.
Bela xs usi adlann yarald lgl qanadh ifadalara iimurni slok
nitq a daxil olan va istifada edit en khna V8 yen i dvrn udobi
es arl a rindan aynca frazcmlar, sitatlar, mntniu osas mo'nas nu
zuda saxlayan va odeb i matn le rin osa smda e mo lo gelen ifadale r, tarixi sirria adlart, ha111 in Silllvolik ma'na ahl11 $ tarixi faktlar va mifoloji pcrso naj adlan aid cdi lir. l
Antropol1 mlorin i$tiraki la yaranan bu ifada lar hanr h alda lllumi dila kcmi$ V,) dilda ictimai, adi - mai ~;:)t va psixol oji
vaziyyatin lllul1li lu$mi$ kJiilm,) if,ldv li xara ktcristibsl kim i
istifadv 0Iunmu$du .2 0 ciiml"dll ~ ,lrq dlinyaS llJa aid real tarixi
hadisal a rlu anlaYl$Jarla baglJ va ad lardan Y<l ranan TCYlll lll", illgiz xan ad lan , bir saatllq xa lihm 100 1 gec"m iJl uddinin ll"<lgl.
$ ahrizad nagl!l ihd,)lari RllsiyaYfl , Avropaya Y<lY llall ~'\)'(11
obrazla rdlr.
J OJl( ?<'()(i

c /!,

.r/("~CW:U.1();'!I!/,

\l hww)) 197-1. c.220.

. Vena orad7

.'/c "C"lI" O"/ JiIf/JIIII. /(-"'.'II. lIlIjlll /'<"11I

,\f .

I / liJ

.,

UI'h'WWI

TOpJaCiJg1l11lZ zengin materiallar g sterir ki, rus ede bi ~ba

dii dil materialfan trk mensol i kiilli-miqdar onomastik vahi dIerin bu dildn mvqe yini, clac a do bu vahidlarin bedillik funksi-

yasuu doqiqlasdirmak baxunmdan maraqh nmunalorla zengindir.

Tarix boyu trklerin yaratdrqian esidli saxs adlan mumtrk va ma'nevi mada niyyatinin aynlma z hissasi olub, dnya
madaniyyati n ovaz olunrnaz xezi nadir.!
AXI halo tarixi ruslarda bir ox sexs iyyotler qedim trk
leqcblori dasmusla r. Aksak (xromoy), Bulqak (qordry, vajmy,
koketlivry} , Kutuz (bcsemu y)." BUIllar da va bunun kimi yzlarI,) trk mensoli laqnb z vbosinda ru s familiyal an yaratdilar.
Rusl arda trk mnnse li famliyala n n isledilmasi sb hosiz ki, bir

srra tarixi amillorlu baglrdir. Bu prosesi he de tosad fi hcsab

Ct111D k olm az!
.
Tiirk tnri xi soxs tyyot a dlarr rus hadi i adabiy ya t rnda

Nitq presesindo informant ad lann daxili mazmunun da tariXDn az-ox deracado semantik deyisikl ikler bas verir ki, antroponimlarin mumi lasmnsinda hamin de yi siklikle r m h m rol
oynaytr. nki bu ilkin doyisikl ik adat art m qayisedan bas layir.
Informant adlar nitqda z real funksiyalannda dcyim, bedii funksiyalarda mqayisv vasitasi kimi IXl$ edir. Onl ann mDZ11111l1U
fardi anbYl~dan l1Zagla~lf, $axs adlan nll1 adlandlflua fUl1ksiyasl
zDiO Dyi r, clD buradan da antropo nim leri n mu m i la~ masi, elac
d s im vol l a~ lll as l ba$lanlr.
Xsusan adlann badii[iyi, cmosionalhg l artlb yiiksa!maya
ba$layir: I bll llibal ,mdl, Avki tvlasi , Axi lles daba~1J , Qordi dyn. AZiJrbaycan miili (,)f,,)kk r tvrznda v;:) d~ncBsinda :
]( OIo.0.l u (kimi ad ylXa nl1aq) , Qaaq Nabi ()'d dnmok), Keni
isk,lllcl,n, Lcyli - l\1ucl111 nlar W ) s.
' / 1/:11 (Jw-/>iJlJm . OiilJl', ldd trk iil/lim
.' ,1/" / iI'.l '.1,,,," a H, I . K l II JO.'IC.I/ ('
,\ 1 , 1111 \"1,-</, 1'/88. c.8-/

~- 7

1100!I~I/I;Ua-'lhllo<'O

237

Ill IO/J K J/ J.111l, ,j /ll I( ,1JO..1O ,' II R >J.

/ 985,

~-===_

Ba di i obrazlar ya rad rlmas mda s unv ollasnus XS USI adlar

miia yye n ro la m alikdir. nk i sim voldan istifadc fikri kon kret ,
ha m do tutumlu, sarrast sa kilde atdt n r. Ono mast ik adlarda obrazh hq bic nea ha llarda va soviyyodo tozah r cdir. Bu Z<-U1l3n
macazlasma ruxtalif so kilde VOJ mxta lif istiq amatd a inkisaf
ederek dnyag rs. milli an'analari , rne'nevi alarm , hnyat torzinin bic cx xaraktc r xsusiyyotlen ni a ks etdi rir; adlar tam
mecazi yk das ryi r: ad olmaqdan - qad m V6 ya kisi adi tu bildirmak , farqlandirm ak keyfiyyet indu n uzaqlasrr. fiktin ifadosindo

xsusi vasiteya evrilir .

Bedi i dilda ikiplanh istiqarna tda istifado editen untropo nimlar - real tarixi saxs adlan z asi l, haqiq i tarixi funksiyas uu
saxlarnaqla ba rabar . yeni ma zmun (ycn i motndo) - metaforik
ruazmun da ka sb edir va odebi mnasibatla islodilon tarixi sax siyya t adlan tar ixi sene dlerde islandiyindan do da ha tel. mu shurlastr. T arixi saxsiyyatlarin ad r ila ba gil anlayr slar vu onlann
yaratd rgr ifade le r m iixta lif istiqam a tla rda iukisa f ederok. aid
oldu gu xalq m m illi an'anolarini, d n yag rilstlnii, psixotcgiyasr111 , iqt isadi, siyas i, rno'ne vi sec iyyosini. heyat tarz ini aks etdiran
elametlera uygun sokil aldtgt n mecazlasma xsusiyyoti qa-

zarur, mumilesa bilir

Trk ll1an~l tarixi ~"xs iyyat adlan har bir mutnda z
milli a lama tlarini saxlaYJ r (bunsuz macaz yarana billll\lzdi). 13u
dediyimizla bag h qeyd etmak ycrilm d ii ~ ;) r ki, franslz yazlls1 vO)
filosofu Volter II Yekaterinam Tomiris ad landlfll1l~d l. l Byk
filosof bununla rus mperatoriasllll ~arq hkmdan Kirin ze ri n~
da qa laba alan (cranllzdan evval Vl osr) Massaget hkmdan
yan nmfsanavi Tomiris adlalld1l'l rdl. IIU111 du bu 0 zaman idi ki,
Rusiya b i r~biri n i n ardlllca tucavzkar xarak tcrli, lakin qalibiyyet li mhariba lar apan rdl.
PU$kinin c~m u b da srgn i ll i. >r i J1(l ~) yaztllgl K in:ali)) povestinin qa hrnmalll K ircalidir. Onul1 lJsi l adl Kircali olmasa dOl
bu ad bir vaxtlar TrkiY<3d;;l qaaq Klrca Alida n soma simvoi-

lasaruq qu aq, quldur, qayduk me 'na lanru bildirm isd ir. Puskinds
aruq bu s z sexsin adr kim i yox, mumi szn xsusiye evri lmi s varianu kim i istifada edi lmi sdir. Puskin z kitabdakr
sorhda qeyd cdir: Kapnean n - Ha TypeUKOM R3b1Ke J Ha1.JHT BlI ~
TR3 h, YJl31ICU. Hacr oaurero cro "Men " .si H e 3113K) . K itabm se r hinda iSB Trk sz Ktrdja li z me nsayina gro XIV ssrda
yasanns trk horbi sa rkordes i K rrca Alinin {K rrca Ali)l admdan dtr, XVlII esrda aruq quldur, yolkesan destelen Kirdjali adlamrd t - deya gstorilir. Hamin illarin digar bad ii matcria llannda da bu addan yksak obraz hhq, simvo l vasitasi kim i i. Pu~
sinin xatirolarindo rast gelir ik.. _ npn nepcxona 113 4UTLI B Il er pOBCKlli lta an Il yiunn aa 634 RepeTLI HU paJY Be een Ha nOB03 ~
KY - BOT Ka KOR KUPJlif\3JIU! (I ons uron )KaHlJO , c.35).
A .exovun Ogrular hck ayas inda de ma sh ur at ogrusunun leqobi Samildi r. ' A I1lq arizmin Qafqazr ram etdikdan
som a sovct dvr nd a bclu, Sa ruil ad rm dog uru b yaratd igi asso siasiyalar bu halm rus m hi tinda snmadiyini g sto rir, So loxovun mush ur S akit DOH as a rinde da igid, qe tiyyat li K azakm
loqa bi Sarni ldir.
Bedii slubda poelik obraz hhq yaratmaq imknru afsanovi,
nde bi vo rarixi qahram anlarla bagh antroponimla r sisteminde
daha gCJ1i~ se kildo zn nmayis ctdira bilir. Bu adlann cmosionallJgll1 l11 glic va sinj onlan n vaxtila mayyall bir tarixi hadis,) vo ya epizodla bagh olmas lI1dadlf.
Rus had ii asarlar inin dilinde i~lu nan l11etafora la~l111 ~ adlar
homiil xalqlll ta1cyi nda mhm yer tutan gcl tarixi ~8xsi YY81 ~
hlrn atb il,) bagh yaranan mclaforalardlr. Hu bax1l11dan yana$dlCJda Wrk t'lrixi ~xs jYY t adlan ndan olan Attila, ingiz xan,
Mamay xan, Batl xan, Kuum xan siyasi-ictimai hadisalarla
ba~ 1J rus bad ii tos;wvliriinda ta~b h ~ obraz o lmu~; casaratli,
qorX l1laz, cyni Za lll<l llda qari.Jt i zalllll, a tlalatsiz nm'nalan nda

Vi/'/iI,', l ih.'.I.I''oJfIlf/ ' M lfl1i.1 1i1dJWl11il d.7:.:11 ulim X /rea A/iqiJSiJbosinda (bu IOrp3q/:Jr
U.I!~;l1J. h"rblll,/,'" s,mr./ (/Sll-/SI3) Bo/q.m Sfdl1il l'erJlm/~dlr)q.ui Klfea A/i BabJnm

J Jl.JlJI03IfHcKaJl. Bo <'.WGO 06)':1" AKoOt'.mlll \ '-.

~~

238

/983. c,53

~~

-===_

l urb. '.'1"//fUf

/~N:' TuqI.Jl. o../ IMnl1 ,chirltn: 5364.

~~

239

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-====-_

..
simvol lasrrus ad lard rr. Bu adlar simvollas nraq ycni mozmun ahr.
bad iila sarak yk seldikce da z mill i kcyf iyyu tlurini sax laytr.
Attila - Tari xd a qurulan ilk trk d vlu ti olan Hu n imp cratcrlugunu n basrvr, sa rkarde (434-453). Hun d vlotin in S<Jf had lori ovvo lco Ba ykald an Tibets. Orta Asiyadan San Suya (indi: Xuanxe ) qad ar uzarurdr. 1I asrda hunlar Dnepra qad ar irolilamtsdila r. IV asrin sonla rma dogru Qara doni zin sahi llan na, V
as rin evva lle rinde Duna y boyuna sahib c ldula r. Bu torpaq lan
ehata edan Hun imperiyas tna 434-c ildon lmna kim i - 453ei ilad ak Atti la bast hq etrnisdi. Attila mudan i Avropa xalq lan run ulu babala n olan Romalilar, vestqo tlar frank va gcnnanl arla
apardrgj tarixi vuru smalan na, qa loba lar ina , soxs i hnc nn o. qa tiyyatl i, ildtnmsratli hcumlarma, qcyr i-ad i se rko rde lik moh are tina gre tarix i ad qazanun sdt r.
Attila ad md an rus badi i dili nde qcyr i-ad i lui na r. casaratli h cum , qeuyye tli sa rka rde kimi me 'nov i sife tlc rinc g rc
simvollasnns sa kilda istifada oluuur. A.Kuprinin Sonuncu eau gavarlar heka ya sinda ge ne zabitler ga laeek milhu n bal urda qlab eni n cas ur general va zabitlara dcyil, clece de asgcrl ore deyil, kimya, fizika va bioloq ixtirarlara n m X5 US olacagt qan autina
galdikda yazr i bu zabitleri yngl istehza ilu nouopomcmua
ATHJlJJa) adlandtnr: HY-Ka nonyxra rc . H nam-me rOIlOpllJ1II 3TII
,1l,OMOPOlUCHHblC ATIfJlbI: - HY-Ka, nO,11YMuHTC xopoiucm.xo lt
CK3IKIITC Il O COBcen I: xaxyro pons nu om enere crutuii OTBa)JOJoli
Kan<UIcplIlI B TaKoH r opo)];, KaK Gcpmill, IIJJH J101lJ.lOB (A.Kupri n.

Gslarilan hekayosi).
LBunin yara dlc lhgmda rast ge ldiyimiz Byk Fransa inqilabI (1789-1794) rahbarlarinde n Kuton znn qanian , ca llad, mhmsiz sac iyyesinda Atlil a ila cynil )~ d i r i l r : KaK paJ '-1 11TaJO JIcHorp a. CCH-)KtOCT, PoGccpbep, Ky roll.. . JICIll III, Tpou Kltii, ,l..I,JCp)f(IfHCKlliL. . KTo nOJtncc, Kp OUOIKJJU ICC, rmKc? KOlle' lItO, BeC-Tall l MOCKOBCKU C. Ho fI IIapHiKcKII C GhJJln Hcnnoxo.
K)'TO H, roB..Jpln , Jle liOTp, Kyroll-l-l,It KTaTOp, G;IHiI(aiiullllf CIIO)lBlIIKHIIK P06ecnbepa, Jl IlO IlCKlIif ATllnna 6bln, KaK I13 Bc-mo , K3nCKa, KOWlcHon tlf (H.EYHllH. O Ka~ H H bl e JlUIt). YazlJ N.Lcs~~

240

~~

ko v da z muktublannda rus yazrrsi N.A.Lyubimovu zbasmahglJla g ra udu hiyy aun qan imi, Attila) adla ndmr: 3 TO npoCTU YiKacllblii '-ICJlOBCK, Arunna, Gifli nnrepar ypu! (H.J lcCKOB.
C06p. Cos- mui, T. I0, c.285).
Q.P.Danilcvskin in Yand m lmts Mosk va ass rinde Napolenun harbi yrsla rina haqq qazandiran va ona h sn-ragbat
bos loyan Pcrovskiya cavab mda Tropinin Napeleonu Atilla adlandmr: Cnacu o aa raxoc onpaanana e aaepcxnx lIaclIRHH noscurcr o ATUnJl hT. - BOJpa31tJ1TPOnIIHIIH. ():{aBltJ10BCKlt H hernin
osor): nki bu zamankr rus tafekkr nda dnyam foth etrnak,
diz kdrmak istaye n harmya mhariba e'lan edan, Rusiyaru
Austerlits mharibesinda kd ran, hazirkr mharibad a ildmrnsrntli yrs va osgor lor arasrnda ha r an, har ycrdo olmast Napolcona Attila s hra ti gcu rirdi.
Danile vskinin basqa bir asarinde, Beqhe v No vorosii
asu riudu ycni isti la edit mis torpaq larda byk plantatorluq islar inde n damsarkan bu tarix i adda n istifado cd ilmisdir. Had isa larin coroyan etdiyi Novorossiysk soberinde (Rus-Trk rnharibe sinden soma Rusiyaya kcen bu se horin adt hamin ila kimi
(I 838-ci ila kimi) Sucukll Sucukkala ohn usdur) g zlenilen ka ndli islahatmdan soma azadhq alan kandlila rin aX1Il1 gzla nilir,
Lakin bu yc ni ycrlarin plan ratc ru Pan uk ov ski buna inanrrur,
aslindo tahlk an in bura calb oh mmus xarici kapitalistlard an Avropan koloni stlardan gzlonildiyini zann edir: On oro, tlT O B
lI a Ul neK CTp allCTBJUl IIOBhl X 1) 'HHOB Jt ananOB HeB03MO)f(I:II>J. tJ:a
- c. HOUltJe A TT HJl &1 Y lI ac - 3TO aHrnHHcKHe - C napOBHbJC MaIlIIl IH.J, JlIJB cpnyn l>CKliC )la KneHToHoBeKHc nOKOM06Hnn, Mono
TlIJl KIl - C It BC.liKlle liepTH.
Attila s i l11 vo ll a~ m l ~ admdan rus a da bi di linin masir
dvriindlJ da istifada cd ilnms ino rast ga lirik: 51 3I1alo, TbI He BHO
CHllJb IlTOP)f(CIlIl, ocoGcl1no B 1I0CnCJlHCe BpeM.li, 110 11 DCC 1'OB110 6YJ.lY ATTJlJIOl 11 BTOpJKYR npeJlynpe)f(,llalO Tc611 3apa llee,
IITo6bl Thl CBhJKC}) C '3Toi MblcnblO. (li3 nepe mlCK H A.3$poll "
E.n acTcpuaKa). Azarbaycan antroponimlar i imisinda Atilla
~ax s adlll<l rast gal mak mmkndr. 395-c ilda hunl ar A Zarba y~

-====-_~ ~

24 1

~~~

ca nda otmus. o nlar Azerbayc an xalq uun ctnogcnczindo isurak

ctmis la r; bu xalq m canlarub g clan masi ndu rol oyua nus lar. Ycr i

dsmskon, teess fla qeyd edak ki, qcyri-adi qoaqh g tna. qa uyyetine , pa rlaq qal a ba la rina g ra tari xi soxsiyyatda n dah a ox
a fsa na vi sim aya ev rtle n Attilaya Aza rbaycan Sovet Ensiklop ediya smda maq alc ha sr cdilmamisdir.
J\lamay xa n (.. .? - 1380 ) - Ax muci Q lz ll O rda ha kimi
o lan bu tarixi se xs iyy a t ad mm simvol lastn as t onun tarix da tut du gu gcl mvqe ile bag hd rr. M am ay adt onun tarixi mhariba lari, amansrz, qati hii cumu. ke irdiy i lm-d irim vuru slan.
seraiti ila simvollasrr. Tarixi sexs iyyot adla n mcta forlasarkc ilk

d vrlarda oldu gu kirni, real planda (tonda) vcrilir, Daha sonra lar
bu ad lar gctdikce cpi k transfonnasiyaya rna'ruz qa laraq cpitet,
m c az seviyyesina yks elir. Mosolon: Mamay - real, tarixi sa x siyyat adr kimi: Snoroopmmcx n resn uuc MaM aii n OTCp n CJl nc.
paeen u e B KymlKoBcKOM 6 UTBC, 6ciKan n K Pbl M, )'611T H KmlJC
( ne me

$ COll0CII 5I) B ax :

Pyccxa n

u cr o pn uc cs aa

lI()BCCTb)~

kitabuun sarb h issa sinda , 5.358 (Sarhlarin muai lfi. V.i. K oro vindir). Mamay ad r ile bagf nisbe te n rangsiz ncytral planda o lan
6 e36 0iKII LI M aM a ~~ cpitcti an o x tarixi esarlarda va rus salnamelorindo isle nmisdir: TaK n exor n a Mhl llYM<U1 11 C ornosr T BOHM Il uinn 60 p OT bC5I rrpoTllB 6 e36 0)J<Ilo ro M aM il51 (H. f1 0 JIeBofi:

0 Cnveona, Cyanans cxoa 1(1151 31,51 ).

Rus atalar 5Z V mosollorin t e rk ib i lH."~ bu addan qaroti.
taIanl, alIahslz, q<:lddar me'llaIannda isti fada o I u ll mu ~d ur : P U Sla , slovno, Mamay pro~cI: i Mamay pravdl nc sgeI va s . Bu ad
rus dilinda ox ha rakatii va a ll l a ~ i q lt (lJr. M.Qorkillin U ~a q h q
- a5arindv zoonim kimi istifada ol l1 n l11 u ~ d ur : 30110 1"I1CTO - j1I,J)f\1Ii1 HeTYX Ma/llai, B3J1CTCn 11 113 ropoJt C<lWl , YKj1Cll 11JTOI. BCTP5l XUYJT KphIn h5lMlI . . . O l CTCTBO, Dl 2 1). Bu ad rus canlJ xalq di lilld
gc n i~ ist ifada o lullur. A .Ost rovskini n dram sa rlilrinill dilind\)
he min llIa qs<:ldla bu addan bi r Slra hallarda sti rad cdi l m i ~dir :
(Ma Bpa TapacoBHa):

'ITO Y !lac 11 Ca)I Ywoeii Cll110ii n p OIlI CJI ifl p aBlla-XOpOiJlO, a c' lacne JTY'l tl IC)} .

O fJ UI!lIl C1, XOpOlllCHhKO,

TO ! r llC iKe 5I 6JT OKII - TO?

:'1II0ro JlL II X OCT3..J10 Ch?

TO'IH O M

242

.I :-'l a if C

~~

-=====-_

Bur ada Ma vra Taraso vn a z bag ba nma ayrq- sayrq olmagi t vsiy"} cdir. Mamay adm dan bu qcyd ctdiy inuz me 'nalan na y ax m
anl am da-cahi l, vehsi ad am kim i ist ifada olunur: (Ba pa) : 51 CKa aana e MY -rro 0 11 MIIC' He Hp aB lI ThC5I: .

(Man hKOB):

l{e MY TYT

npa-

M axra axo-r o. Eec napnoaastii COBc e M: cc s er, H p y 6 UT . 11 1I0 JIOII 6epCT (A. H.OerpOBcKlIi. (<LlH Ka p Ka)~) . Szn ela
bu maqarnda , amrna ha sqa ko ntek stda isla nme sina misal o laraq
kce n o srda Qara sc he rm (Hakrda) tosvirinde da rast ge lirik:
Bce cuoon uoc IIpOCTpaHCT BO OT 3a801108, u ucrcpn , ,n0 /l1 0 B
cnno un. 1I3p h1TO, nepceopscuo II I\ CKOBepK aH O, CJTOBHO 311CCh IIp OlJJl'JI i\1:.ula ii: B .CIlJW p OB. 110 P OCCIIII, 1897. 8 Kl! . A.M .Fanac uee; H .51.Ko Ba 1J Lc Ka.sl. . Baxy. (JKOHOMlI '-IeCKO-r eorp aepll '-leCKIIH
cvep), M ., (~ n pO CHe llJ e Jl IIC)}. 1970, c.2 87.
A.exovun di linde msa hida etdi yimi z bu ad Ia bagh ifada
dah a maraq hd ir: E CTc CTBellHLle nayx n nenaio-r Tenep L uyneca, IJ
0 111 1 o ryr n muryn-cs , KaK Ma xraii Ha n y6JI1 fK Y H uo xo pnr CC
cn o c Ma CCIl OlO l l}all)111 0 311 0 CTbI0 (A. S.S uvo rin<J 27 mart , 1894
tarix li me ktubundan ) - dcdik do yaz rt ba slanmaqda olan era arafe sinde i<XX as rtn b UIll WHlU qabaqcadan g rrd. tabi i clmla rin
camiyyera gc l to'si rini M amay harakan , y rs la ri va fatehliy i
BUT hC}!!

ila mqayiso edirdi.

Msahid e lorimiza g ra tarixi sexsiyyet adla n xsusilo
man fi uplerin to svirindu mqayise xarakterind u a n ka skin ifade
vasitasi kimi istirak cdirler. Mamay adimn sim vollasmasr onun
tarixda tutdugu gcl m vq e ilo alaqadardir. Mam ay adr 8 n ox
onun tarixi vuru ~l an , amanS lZqat i hCUl11u, qanh Im-dirim dy ~I ari ve ~ ara i t i iI\) s i mv o lla ~ml~d l r.
~ b hv s iz, bela tarix i ~a x si yyat adIan o x hallarda reaI
pland a i ~ l a n a-i ~l <Jn<) k tliw i Ia~ ir va nohayat get -geda ep i k tran sfor ma si yaya I1m'ruz qalaraq epitet, macaz sa viyyosina yiiksa lir.
l3u adda n niS odabi-badii d ilinda ox zaman m a caz la~m l ~
~ek il d u i st i l~l da olunmasl 1~l kt lan kifayat qad ard ir: Mamay d y ~ii (M a MacHo no60Iiwc) - qa n ~l qhq , ha y-ky ma 'na smda :

011
TaM

ITOXO;U In 110 KOMHaTC CHOBa YKpa.nKO rn5lu YJI Ha J Kp aH, HO

pa3ropa110Ch

u cn o e

MaMa eBO

~~

243

n o 6 0 HWC

~ ~ -,

(Jl .113MaiiJToB.

Ilap rryxa (yumnstik hc kaya), LQ , 26.7 . 1989 . N,31J (5252 ):

Mamay tarix i admdan yens bu qcyd ctd iyimi z ma'nad a rus atala r
sz va masalalarinda istifada cdilmisdir: 13 l lO MC-T O y lJIIX
CJlOBH MaMaH BOeBa]} B~ ax y n, Hacroatucc Manacn e 110GOHIlI C.l Mamay aduun mxtalif frazeoloj i bir lesmoler tn rkibinda, clece do sa ir macazi moqsedlorla islodilmosi bu s zn

kanar dil mhitinda tam mvqcye malik oldugunu gstarir. Subhasiz, bu mvqc ha miu tarixi saxsiyyatin bu xalqm tarixindn gcnis va hall edici ycr tutdugunu sbut cel ir. Bu ada Aza rbuycan
antro ponimla ri strasuida soyad r kim i tasad f ctmak mmkndr.
S.Re himovun Mch man povcstin da Mamaycv(a) familiyasmdan slubi ma qsa d le istifada edi lmisdir. Prokuror Mchman vard vlet VB s hrat harisi olan qadmttu (aso rde onun keernis csi lzada ailesinamansub olduguna aid isarc lor var). Ziilcyxanr uso bi tonda q tzhq famil iyast ila Mam ayeva adlandrtr .
Kuprinin islatdiyi Mamacvo nasestvi c daha to'sirl i ifadadir. Y az tuun Papasa (c.Atacan hckaya sinda idarn ro isi-

niu z tabcliyinde olanlarla dzlmez deracade agrr raftart.

amirlik, ifrat ta lubkarhgmdan dogen agIf saraiti bcl a gstc rir: l1
60JKC Mo il , ~I TO TOJlhKO HC nenanocr, B 3T O BP CM)J. . , fPOMhI, MOJI !IIIII, yparaut. , H3BepJKCHHe BYJ!KaHOB , Hp onouo 1I3611Cl1IIC stna llCIIU.OB, Maaaeno Halll CCTBHe . Burada ildmm axrnasr , t u~a n
qopma si, vulkan pskrmosi (harmst da macazi m,l' !~ada) V;) lsu
peyga mbar in dogulmas! x<1bar ini c~idun yahud i an Irodul1 qUl1daqdak! btn krpal ri qlrd111nasl kimi k011abi i faktlar. tarixi
va mifoloji hadis<:'l larla bir s!rada Mml1ay basqm !)} j['aciIJsinin
i~ l<:'ldil masi K uprinin hckaY<:lsindaki i$ rcjminin daha da a tinla$m;:;l'si haqqmda tesavvr yarad!r . EI;) buna gr,) da az qala
tarixi hadisa kimi qiymat londirilan bu f<-llak\)tl"ri ,)smi n surat larindan biri bela ycku nl a~dll1r ki, r,)isin q;x ldarllgl 0 d;:)r;:K,) Yv
atlb ki, allahm 8\tl gm) yaratdlgl dnyal1l ivan Qriqoryc vi
(wi sin adl bclad ir) da hv mill mh lata da dagida bil;Jf.

Yaz rr Ql cb Uspenskini n Ras teryacv kas inin ada tdari

N ravt Rastcracvo y ulit asarindu hemin mhi tin acmacaqh va ziyyuumn tesv irinda de yil ir: 3TY aprany .aon OJlH5IIOT )')KacbI
occmrof rp5l311 , yeacn TCM IIhlX OCCHIII,JX HO'-lCH, ornauraevux

Kapaym) H: n c c o utaa fi cmtoc'n, B MaMaCBOJ\l nJIeJlY y KOTOpOH. C HC3anaMJlTHhlX apexen TOMHTC51

yo ran crpana.
Yurdum uzun toponim iyasinda Mamayh ke nd adt (Qsbal a
rayonu) kim i yasam aqda dir. Susa sa harinda Mamayli mehol lasi
oltnusd ur. Abs cronda Saray kendindo mikrot opon im kimi (Ma may) islanil ir.' Rusiyada Volqoqrad (kc mis adr Saritsm) atrafinda tarixi arazi M amay kurqam adt nda hifz ohmmusdur. KInmdn Sab-Mamay ka ndi , claca da Mamay - K ozlcv-. ya sayts
CHp OTJIHBhl MH xpmcaam

muntuqalari o rmusdur. '

Tarixi fakt kimi qcyd cdak ki , Ma may xanm vladlan rus
do vlatiliyi isindc xsusi ro l oy na nu sle r. Xristianlrgr qa bul ctdikdan soma onlar rus tarix inda Ql inskil ar kimi (Dnepr e trandak! rnl k torpa ql arm m ad tm - Poltava vo Qlin sehorlari Mamaym vJadlan na m ax su s idi, familiya kimi g trmsdlcr) tanmrmsdt lar. Mamaym vla dlan somadan Litva saraym a yaxmlasJ11!~

orada, cloce da Almaniyada torbiya, rahsil grrnsdlar.

.. H e bil' varisi olmayan lUS an III Vasil i (1479-1 533)
ikinci d<:'lf;3 cvlcnerken (Qcyd: ar birinci izdivacda da tatar xamqrzt Saburovayla cvlen misdi) rrk bah adin Mamay xanm notica si Yclena Qlinskaya 4 ila nigah baglaYIr. Agilh V<:'l gza l Yelena Qlinskiyu ana iki ogul b3X~ cdir: ioann V<:'l Yakov. Ycl cna
Litva knyazlan saraY1l1da t8rbiyo tapml~(h . Dlu babas 1I1111 knyaz
Yakcllo do lJZlJll mtta fiqliy i saY8sinda aila lar aras1I1da olan
I r:0. SOihil/O\,. Ab,\rrhll dil vcr:ld/;m. E /m / 993.
-'.13u fOI'lI ll i llJli l ] ci IiJr ,,;j hili ;,,!} Y CfJlJ /,-I.:C,7 (iZ/iJVil ndmm rusca lo/mf O/IIIJIJJII~
IOflll,'/\1</I/:

~'.l'iWI~()(; 8 ..-!. ( '/!//~\'IO!l)l)!/O-CC_ 'f(III /!//l'ICCK IiC

o ( m,"('/!/cK<1fIIll IOPKWIO,'lIl/,

1I0CW611l!(>11I 11O<'0 6 0fW ll IlYCC~07()

,wpoa

M ..

{hd.

"flf!(/(;()a,),

{Y87,

c.427.

1992, N~/.

IIpll31lt/KlI

JI/lHooii~OHII..' ro6'

KpM JIO,

c..I J.

J l 'dnw IJ.\illi!/i trlr u/ElfI lrny.?ZQ.'l; ;, kiJ.Jldi}/Jdir - pmt:dr. Akdcs Nlinct Klimt. RusiYi/ ti/nlu (BiI,'/i111grcd:m 1917-y c k.'l d<lI,:. ! irk Tarih KlIl"UlIIll B.1.Hfl1cvi Ank1ra 1991
.'".14.1.
'
"
,

"'"

245

-====--

syas i va ma 'na vi baglar yz il erainde qmlmanus dr. Bir ox

tedqiq atrlan n, 0 cumlade n Ivan Q ro ZIlI kitab uun mullif
R.Q .S knnnikovun gsta rdiyi kim i Yclen an m ulu bab astnm Mam ay xan o ldugune baxmaya raq ai la aruq mas bur ailo dcyi ldi.
Lakin Yelena xarici adatlar as as mda ta rbiya tapdr gma va Mo skva xa mmlan na ba nzama diyin a g ra xosa go lmo yi bacanrd t.
Rus taxt-tacirun vari si IV Ivan bu nigahda n dogulmusdur.
[van Orozm ad! ila tarixa dso n bu qd rutli rus nnmn ulu baba s! Mamay xan o lmusdur.! Ivan QroZIlI11J foth leri (0 Ru siya
torpaqlamu g r nma m is vs'atla ge nis lend irird i). zal uul rgt vo
nehayet rus arhgi tarixinda g r nma mis hayat tarzi (6 dafa
rasm i ni gah baglarms ) ile tarixe ha kk olunub .
ingiz xan ( 1155- 1227) va h id trk -monq ol d vlau nin banisi, dah i stratek serka rde. byk xan, gcl dvlat vo ordu ya ratnus , bununla bagh fvqe lade gc ta lob eden byk islahat lar
aparm ts, tarix da mh m iz qoymusd ur.
Bu ad bir srra rne'n ala rda is lonse de mu mon byiik liik,
dahilik, dny aya ha kimlik dc spot luq ifada cdir. D nya m iq yasmda haki m , padsah : 51 nO MHJO y.uIlBJlCIfIfC B Por umn m, OBOM
610po np" nonyscnnn ar oro OTBcTa . r..Ja] Il.C BOJl hllO IfCK3n non
T3KlfM aKTOMTaBpo Anapuxa, 1In11 nc-ran. lJlIIII1I C-xalla. Tuxoii
uryrx n Por unuuu, He )f(Jl3JI naxce 11 OT r axoro I13BCCTIIOro nccno THlfCCKItX nen MaCTcpa, KaK Huxona ( rCp IlCII. b W IOC H .lly-

MbJ))) I Nikolay Gcrtsc n in Avrop ada rus arizm ino qarsi apardrgr
bir ox tabligati-pozuculuq islarina gro ona Rusiyadan atan
pulla rm saxlamllb verill11<3l11<:lsi banH1H banklara yazll1 5m 011ca m lar gn darm i~ d i r. Odur ki, GCl1scn Nikolaydan g hm vo 111<3 doo i Avropa mh itin<3 ya ra~ maya n bel a adi qayda - qanunl ardan
uza q zba$ma gstari ~ lari ingiz xana mOX5US i ~ hcsab cdir.
Bv'zon da bu ad obrazhhq ba d iilik I1mqsdi da~ IY lr vo bununla
AI,. tf llo,\'I<a~. /983 . c.5; rmpoc 6/J.M./1cmo
K.f/J.l'bi JleefJo. K.(P. I'f>iJleefl. CO~ llIIem:JI.
I /e" .. " X)'O,J/ WII.JI, 1987 kir3bm,l.1: H.7hkov A. H Rus .1'3n mm 500 bulqJ f-lil/i)T, lu rk
asiJlis/aliJ. istanbul, 1995.s.48-49
I 83X : CKPbOlllW<06

P.T.

1160 11 r{lfWfbi/i,

p/l ~ecJ,;ljl' npILlIl' 'll!lIl1e /( oy.uy . rJlmlc~lI/i

~~

246

~~

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da i fsa o bycktlari daha ay dm va ko nkret sa kilda oxu cu lann onzonno at dm hr . ng iz xan - rus tofbkk rnde si linmez iz qoymusdur , Od ur ki , har znman bu add an do gen obraz h ifadaya rast
gali nir: 4 TO ncn ar s sorna }l CJIO IfMeClII b C TaKJl M npor ns a nxo
- ' Iuuruc xaHOB - H113KaJt xynrype. UK. Bax: A.M.JIapuHa. He3a6blRaCMOC 311aMJt>l jKypJI. 1988, oxrx ap e, c. 120.
A. Qribocdov Trkmencay Siilh sertle ri hazrrlanarkan z
Inaliyyati barodo 30 iyul 1827-ei i! tarixli raportunda Qarababa
d~mgasil1dBI1 Paskcvia ma'Iumat vererke n General Ycrmolovu (Pusk inin s hrotl i odas mda kr Ta slim ol Qafqaz, Y enno lov
gal ir) - m sto bid , Qafqazr qan iinda bogdurmaqla d iz kdrma k istayan Ycnn o lo vu ingiz xan (Damsrqlar apardrgi sahzade Abbas Mirzonin dililo) ad landm r: Fenepan Epnonos KaK HOBblii 'hmrn cxan. OTOMCTJIn 61,1 MCWl ;'.IHe onycrourenaea necs acr uux on acre Benen 6bl YMCPWBJI.SITb BC.sIKOrO, ICTO HII nonanaer ca... (Bax: Fpuoenos . COHUIeHIi.Sl, c.573) . Qafqa z r _
yerli xalqla n asmaq la , kesrue kla btv kendleri yand irrnaq la
ram ctmeye ahsan, qaddar, rahmsiz Yenn olovu Q riboc dov

ba sqa bi r me ktubu nd a sarq slub unda sarda r adland tnr: Xonon no KOCTeii npOHJlKaCT, paan onyun re K mO)l.SlM Czraposaa nca
IJ CCX pnnuou yun rec HaMcapna p .SIllYMalO ,lla)f{e, '{TO OB IIX ucua-

nuner. (S.N.Bcqicv" / 9dckabr, 1826. Tiflis makt ubundan).

Bah - Batu, Ban, Sain xan (1208-1255) - mogol xaru. Cucinin oglu, ingizxanrn nevesi . Morkazi Rusiyam vo Sorqi Avropa dv l;)llorini sarslt l11 l~, QIZJl Orda dvlatini yaratl11 l~dI.
Ru s di lindD da cpoxalan ~ ah l ann adl ile ad landlfl h b, dcyillll;)si Dn';jlmsi vardl!'. Yekatcrina esri , Nikolay zamalll ve s. (Elv
dilim izdu dD bel n ifad alar oxdur). Rus ba d ii dilind8 bcla
Silllvo lik lIl a'na ila on ox Batl xanm adma rast ga lirik: MoeT
GI.IJ I... rp yGo - n pcHlllIii, r op6aTbJii JI KaK 6Y,llTO, ,lla:lKc He KaMC IW Llii. a Ka lwH-To OKal\lCll eBWllii OT Bp eMeHH 110 Belllloi HeCOKP)'TIHIMOCTII ... Rll)?o laJI, lIT O 0 11 6LIJ! cille n pn 6aThIc ( I>YHl IIl .
I lo:u ulllii Iac). 13lilv xa lqm, noslin Ba tl tayfa sl .adland m lmasl :
Il onoGIi LI IlneMe ll1l 6anlJt (fl YWKllH. KaBKa3cKlIl nn Cll HHK>l).

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247

~ ",&::=>

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...

I:

I',I

Yaxud, gcca se madn parlaq. isrqh yol rus xalqr arasrnda

Bat! Y olu adlam r. So loxovun Sakit Dom; roman mda ha min
addan istifade ed ilrnisd ir: A n OCCpCJlIfIlC, HUn npcnucii n CKOBCKOH JeMJleii. HeYCqnH hl:-.t lfan OMlfH3HIICM IIl11pOKItM yrJIeM 113-

uinsxoa Bblqe K3 lfe IH lbl I Da ThICB Ilyn, (T HXlI ii .!-lOlt 2

xn .]. Rus ca nlr xa lq di linde: Bar uc ea nepera - Monc ecaa nopora, MflC lJ.ll b lH nyn- OlaJlh. 1,54) .
Axmal - ru s d ilindo diri , ham isoyasar tari xi trk obraz !an ndand rr. zn ulu k klarina qe der taruyrb dark eden va 0 11 BHJICll

dan tutacaq qade r ba rk yaprsan rus sairi Anna Axmnrova qrurla

- Men Moskvanr ya ndrra n Axm at X3nIn ne vosiye m yazirdr .
dur ki, ra sm i famil iyast Qor cnkonu islat nur , u lu babasuu n

adnu taxall s gt rr.

Pravoslav - rus kilsa sinde adr lo'ne tla a ki lan Axmat xan
K aramzinin yazd lip tarixda da qa nian, rusu n obedi dsmonidir:
Hamin 0 vax tlar biz - turkman tayfasnun X3m Hinddan Faratadak Asiya lka le rina sa hib ola n shrotli Uz un Hosan in sahhq
etdiyi Persiy a ila al aqala r sax layrrdiq. K aramzinin yazdrgrua g ra Uzu n Hasa nin moqotlan , 0 c mla do n Te ymurla ngi g rm aya
gz yox idi va K aspi at rafinda da torpuqlan 8h mad xnrnn ulu slan ila hamsarhad idi.
Rus elisi (on lar ora by k Ord a xa ru Oh med xanm olc yh ina ittifaq bagla ma getmisdi) va onlar a qosulan fars clilari Tiflisda n rxr b Ki rapol va ya ipayi ile zengin Samaxt, Darba nd va
Axmat xanm qa rd a ~o g lusu nun ha ki ml ik ctdiyi Astara yolu i\G
geri qay!dlTlar (Ba x: K aramzin, VI I., s. 133).
8uninin cyn adh hcka ya sinda ohmad xan gzn qa n
r1mp>, qanun-qayda bilm ;Jz manyak-a xlaqslz ma'nasmdadir. osardaki taci r allahl va kilsa ni un utdugun a, Iniiqa ddas bir
gnda qalbina girvn ibli svari arz uJara gra zn Axmat ad landm r. Be11b HblHLJC CpeTclllIe n peCBHTLUI boro pollllll61 BJla11lllImpcKofi paJln Jl36aBJlelllHl MOCKBbI OT AXM3Ta, Uap}!: 0P11bH1CKoro. BOT, Bcpno, It }!: BpOlle ) TOro AXMaTa OKa}!:H1tOro ( nYIII IH.

<<AxMaT).
C!;;> ~

248

C!;;> ~

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Ta xr cpn a u (Teym n r lo ng) - Dmir Tey mur ( 1336- 1405)

Trkistann b yk d vlot xad imi: serka rde . e mi r, "J eymurila r
imperiyasu un ban isi . i ng iz xantn naslindandir. B tn mrn
byk he rbi yrs larda ke irm isdir. Tarixd a ham talanr , isgal:
va qa dda r hkl1~da~, ha m do byk abad hq isleri g ran, saraylar, me scid lar tikdira n, e lma , maarifa c iddi fikir vers o quru cu
h kmdar kim i ad qaz ann u sd rr
Rus udabiyyat lllda bodi i obraz kim i da bu xarakter x susiy ye tlorinda n istifads c lunm usdur, Dan ilcvsk inin Qaaqlar
Novorossi yada as arinda polkovnik Panu kovski ke ndli he ye canlan baslayarknn i gti~a$ lan yanrtmaq n harbi gc lazrm
oldugunu ds nonlaro isteh za ile: jla lJTO u CJl bIWaTb: lllfLJb, 6eCCD, bI T3MCpJl3110B ~ dey ir.

Bu ada obraz yaratmaq n hami sa mraciar edilir: 11

CHOBa ener BaJl ~H TaMCpJIaIIoM. B aparcxax rrepcynxax r nuraua .. . (A.AxMaTna, 5 .n acTcp1I3K, 194 7 r.). Rus bedii ta fe kkiirnda indi da Tamerlan qalebas i aulayrsi yasayrr (TaKoB
ceii xpa , OT 11pcmHIX ne r CBIt,lleTCJlL Ka3HH n pOMeTC51.. . 11. TaMcpnaHOD61x no en (Floneacaen Ha nOCJl3111f}!:
xty).

A.D.flo30BCKO-

0p:llIr -3l'fi. vro n g Zib Alame ir (Mehemmad Obu Za fer M hyiddin VTU ng Zi b (1618- 170"7) - Byk Mogollar im-

ponyast hok mda rlan ndan d!r (Ba x: ASE, I cild, 1976, s.22 8). Bu
ranx r ada M.f.A xund ovun K e mal dd vfo maktublann cd a da
sl ubi muqsodto rast gal irik: Ma rhaba, sona, ey K amaldd v,
!8... be s niya dadan Zib-vrenga bu va 'zlarda n vermadin ki
d cd i k lar~n e ~n?~l cdaydi, ing ilis galib lkasini aIindan almayay~
dl va nlllla tm izi xar va zal il ctm uya ydi ? (S ax: Axundov M .F.
8 serl ori , 11 ei ld, Azurb.SSR EA- nm ne~ri yyal! Bak ! 1961
'
,
,
s.1 3l J.
..

kQriboyedov, N.A. KaxovSkiyo Tebrizden 25 iyu n 1820-

~ I 11 t~r~x.1I ma ktubund a macazi oIaraq vra ng-Zib xa zinasi

I fad~sml .1 ~ lad i r. Qribocdov onun adllll vrnng Zib xazinasi
~uklmda I ~ Jad <3rkan dl1yanm a n iri a lmazl anna sah ib o lan efsalliJvi Qolkond 3Jlll1 alm 3z ya taq lann l a la keiran vrung Zibin
C!;;>

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249

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zengin xezinesin i nazarda tuturdu : ... nOTOMY '-ITO ~ Hit aa COKpoanura Opanr-3c6a, nu rne 11 HJIKorJla. BBeK HC JKIIJleu .60n~c 110
erepony K a BKaJa (Co-mncnnc . e.5S1) deyarak z evi rdiyi Pcterburqa - Rusiyaya bir dil d nmeyecayi ni ved edir.
Kuum xa n. Sibiri n sonuncu xa m. Onun rusl arla son dys Barabi n lnda olrnusdu r (1598). Bunda n so ma 0 be'zi
ma 'Iumatlara gra Ob aym da batnu s, digor rna'lum atlara grn
Noqa y ll ari na a kilmi s, ora da ld rl ms dr. B undan soma
Sib irin ruslar tere findan istilasi basa atnu sdtr. 13u szdnn M .
Qorkini n Art am anovlarm isi osorinde zoonim; it ad , ki m i istifada edi lrnisd ir: ll epHa}l coaxa K )"-IYM liC OTBH3110 urarana
acnen aa HeIQ.
M ah amm od (57 0-633 ) islam dini nin bani si, peygembc r.
Rus bad ii a de biyyau nmunalarinda basurman kobud sz alllanu nda kifayat qa da r oldugu kimi Maxamet ad r ila do mayye n matrilarde qars rlasmaq olur. Ero npnarenu, unruac B Ilapnace o rmc uaan n napnaccxyro )f\Il3Hb, KaK xrarox reron pa (Ilaaa eea. BoenOMIIHaHHe, rn.6). Sys, kobu d sz ma'na smda:
Heurro nC31J3eTC, sraxas rcn-r, '-ITO apnn aan nuacrca! (vlcxoe.
npm.fa Ha OXOTC) Yny, a Bhl noofipaac airr c, 'HO nporuan n MCII5I,
M3X3!'t1CT3 ano epen noro ( 4 eXO B. Flpam unx aaa nOBIIHHoeTb)...
B 3a Kymlc ll biM aupe, m e W aXOBCKoi Ctfl 1TaJIC~ 3aCJlYJKCllllbl M
npo c ccopo llCKJlOM a Ul lJI, '-lyrb n u He MaroM CTOM 3 a~ O Il O B
.apau ar yp r n u . Bee ero CClf ll h l fih lJllI T OlK C 03311a '-ICHbI :)TOII 1l03Myr ll TenL ll oi xara crpoqroii ( rI. A. KapaTLlfJJH. yb 3am ICOK).
nH CaT CJlIf JleKafipllcTbI B Bocnor-I111 IalilHJM conpcMclIHIIKOB M .,
XJl , 1980, c. 278 -289).
Bu rada ironiya ila olsa da MDhll1 Illvd qanllnlan nm m ~
qvddasliyina i~ara Ol lillUr. Sonra dan i~ lanvn sei?) . ( te~,J fdar
ma'nas mda) m qa yise ni daha d", gik l;:mdirme y x!d1ll'Jt Cdlr.
Gfndliy kim i, niS ba dii dil ind bel;) ifadalm in istifadvsi slubi n1Dqamla, ham in bu adl arm m u1ll i l a~d i ri hn j~ xsllsiyYi: :l tlm ilD ba glidir. Gstardiyim iz ifada larin tark ibilld ki ~;j XS
adlan ila alaqadar adlandIrlna 0 vax t qab an q sura td Z tD'sirini

go sta m- ki , dinlayici sura tlan n xarakterini ma yyanl asdiran ha min miivafiq tarixi hadisa lan va e hvalatla n yaxs t bilmis olsun.
Rus bo dii ada biyyatinda bu kim i tarix i sima adlan nominativ funks iya ile yanasr. z le rinin tarixi to rc meyi - halt va
gclu me'na vi kcyfiyyotlor i ila be di i obra z yaratrnaga xidma t
cdun g c l vas italardan birina cvrilmisdir.
Trk mcnsaf Iamil iya lar, IJq;)bIJr , taxalls ler, ti tullar
Xaraktcri n arlmas., obrazin daxili alam inin do lgun tesvir
cdil me s i me qsodila mallifin isti fada ctd iyi vasit el arden biri da
suru ra ve-ilen adlardrr (0 c mloda n fami liyalar} , Adla r obrazm
a sardck i m vqcyin i z nda a ks etdi ra bilir, bas hc a xarakterini
ifada cd ir. mu m iyyotla so notkan n qarsrya qoydu gu meq sadinin
1.1111 ifadesina kornak g sta ra bilir. Bela ki, bu ad lar vas itesila
su ratin istor miisbat, ist e rse dil manfi coh a tleri murnilasdirilir.
Bunlar da di lin di ge r vasito lar i kim i obraz bhga, suratin xa rakterin in arlmas ma, tipik la sdirilmasina xi dmat edi r. 'Bir cehati de
qcyd cdo k ki, rus bodii dilinde esase n. slubi m aq am da isle dilmis t rk manso li familiyala n n e ksariyyeti ham tari xan, ham de
ind inin znde rus familiya sist em inde no m inativ funk siya dasiyir. Y e'ni rus di linde bu leksik vahidlerla yaranrms ki fayat qada r fami liya mvcuddur. I
Fam iliya, soya d kim i trk ma nsali antro pon im isletmak
rus, cnnon i va grcler eras mda qe di md e n bas layar aq ox genis
yayrlm rsdrr, Yad dillorda ki trk monsoli famili yalar tarixi va etnik cvha tuall ox ll1a sulu!orin allm asmda aa r rolunu oynaya
bi lr . $axs ad! ba~qa dil a asa nh qla kC8 bilar, lakin fam iliya ,
soy ad, na s il adl miimkknb ma sa la la rl8 bag h o lur va bu nlan n
arxaslIlda tarixin a Jl manll~ si rl i iz la ri gizl olara q qaIJr.2 Bizi isa
maraql'llldlran cahat bela leksi k vah idla rin rus ba dii osarla rinda
i~l llln a x sllsiYY<:tl ltlridir.
; 83.\":

<!;'> ~

250

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If.A .Eoc/(o/(cx.:._ f'ycc.","l1e c/JO.\ IlUlIlI nlJOP" c/(Oi'O np OUCXOJl(deHWI. M . 1979.

Afat QUTfutIOV. Dunyad31 iirk ad/art, s 12.

""' ~

251

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Be picyron - be rkut - on byk qattal. Trk mo nsali bu

s z Set aro vun yazdr gma g ra daha genis yay tlmts , takca sorq '
slavyan dillarina yox, elaca de po lya k, slovak dill a rins de kemisdir. ' Ostrovskin in Qurdla r va qoyunlar py csi nda asas suratlardan birinin fam iliy asi (Berkutov) varh galini z alan va
bunu nia bagh skisma lardeu ugurla rx an ye'ni qurdlann, qoyun lann mhitinda cla qattal kimi hare kot eden adamm xaraktcri ma 'navi sifa tlari ila ses las ir.
He npatc on - Tarixi lgatl ardv bu s z belo sarh cdi!ir:
eprak minik atlanrun vo yehorin rty (Radl ov I, 1924);
rrkce - aprak min ik atmm rt y , va ya yohor rty
(.ll.M.CT5I 550); Faruk Smer - eprakf/aprak dcyiminin YI)11,,)r
rty ma'nasmda fransrz, alman, ingilis dille ri basda ol maql a
. d iga r Avropa dillerins de kcdiyin i qeyd edir .?
A.exO\'Un Manim ha yattrn pov est inda va Qo qolun
l canlar as arinda ede bi pcr sonajlann fam iliyastdtr: TaK KaK
pa60TbI BO donu-ene HC XBaTU1 0 H Ha ozmoro , TO -Iertpaxoa IIC'tere HC n cn an, a rcm.xo cnan (vlcxon. M05J IKH3Hbl); Cauo co60H paJ)'1vIeeTCH, ~ITO nom060nbITCTBOBaJI Y3HaTL, Ka KIIC B 01(PY'A<HOCTH HaXO.llJlTCH y mIX rtoucn unc n, 11 YJllaJI , -rro J3 CJ1KUe
CCTb nOMcllUIKH : EnOXHH, OOt.I HTaCH, Mram.uo, Henparcon n011KOBl-lHK, Co6aKCUH'I (Forens . MCpTBhlC nytnu].
.
T unx rauen - tolma. Bu sz da trk di lle rindon qadim
altn ma hesab cdi lir (Bax : Radlev 3, \091 , 1390; Fasmcr 4, 72).
Bununla yanas t, Tolmaev s z farniliya kimi da (pcsosini
z nda aks etdiran) rus dili antroponimi yasmda mayyan yer
tutur (De kabristlar haqqmda xatira lerin ma llif N. Bclaqolovoyun qcydlarinda) : Il epen caMLIM BLIXO.llaM li3 )'ill1 BCpCHTCT<l
Ha.llC)K.llHH OCTaBHJI npoqJCCCOpCTR O, H Mb1: a, Ca301l0B, Tonsta"-leB, .ll.1I-l.TonopHIIH nO.llHeCJIH CMY Ky60K (13ax: PYCCKIlC l\lcMyapbl , c. \ J 3).
1 T IOP K flJ.\Ib1 G PYCCK lIX Jl QJ(/WIWl.\ 11/11111/'). CO(J(' IIlCK(JlI II/IOPKO,W<'JlH))

1 ~ 70 .II'i ,

c.90.
1 F.SlJJ cr. Trklilrdo {/IJli q va binicilik "Tiirk U tn)'<1sl Am$ ITnIMlam>, N,24. 19S3,

,(

\
I

Ka paYJIOB - Rndlov bir ox trk dill arinda, 0 ciiinl adan

aqatay: tatar, qazax dilterinde karaul sak lind e islandiyini gs torm isdir (Radl ov 2, 146, 152,165) . Karaul rus dilinin bedii ono masuk asinda Karaulov vu Rcvun -K araulov saklinde istifade
ol uum usdur: BOIf TO)J{C AB.llOThH Il erponrra Kapaynona, norns nc'n, Ha ~C C, '-l CM HC apr.nnr? (H.JIccKOB. (<BOHTCJlbHHI1a);
O rCTa 13 HOH KlITp-aJlI\H1pan I'ceyn-Kapaynoa, MaJICHbKI1H, CTapClI KHi H 3ap)KaBJIeHllLJl1 , uren O.llna)l(Jlhl c pLIHKa n n ee aa )I<a6phl )JmYIO IJ.!YKY (Hcx os. CBaIlLGa Crcncpanosr) .
[i33a pOB - bazar rus dili nde praaox, apwa pea kim i esas
me' nas r ife yanasi, sonral ar kasb etdiyi nisba te n ycni ms'nasr da
(xcyr~yy,) .t~dblrJ uri iln elaqod ar taskil olunan baza r) gcnis dairad e islonili r. B u SZd811 torayen Bazarov famil iyast MFasmera
g ra XV esrdan rus dilinda islanilir.
LT urgen cvin ma ~hU1>Ataiar va ogul lar eserinin qa hraman11l111 famili yast Bazaro vdur.
GlllmIaKOnIIIiaWMa'-lKJ1H - basmak rus d ilinde XVI osrd~n tez-tez isla nmayn baslarmsdir (Fasmcr 1,1 39). Fam iliya ki m! rus antroponimivasmda, 0 cmledan badii a dabiyyatda Ba~.
mako v va. Basmakin saklinda rast gol inir: Qoqolun mash ur Si neb es arinda familiya kim i: cDaMHnMH "lJHHOBlH1Ka fisrna BamMa'IKllli. Y)I(C no C.lMOMY HMCIIH BJf.llHO 'ITO ona xorza-ro npoH30UJJJO OT annraea. 13 :)1"0 BpCI\UI Eccr yacen - PWMHIJ uaxomUIOl B I3aCIlJIhKOBC H xo.rr C U a lIII\ 13 IW UbIl\I Ha xsaprnpe Mypaas ena (11.HTop6a'-lCBCKIlH. 3anHCKH).
En ra'rt.rp en - boqanr s z trk dillerinden ahnmadtr.
(FaSJ~ler l , 183) (Boqatur - qadim trk ce igid d y sc SZl1dandir) rcpou PYCCKIIX 6hlJIHB , 3alIIHTIIHKH PYCCKOH 3CMnH, coaep nraroume BOIIHCKHC nO.llBHrH OTJIJ1"lJalOlllHeCJ1 OC060H CHJIOH
YJJaJ11,CT130M , )!l\lOM , caMo06nan3HHeM. B Jlp.-PYCCKOM J13bIK~
cno BY 60raTblph}} COOTB CTCTBOBanH (apa6p, <apa6op}>, YJiaJlel.1). Cno Bo 60raTYP BcrpC'IaeTCH 13 JICTomlcR Ha'IHHaJI C 13 B
l)OJlbWaJl 'IaCTb oGpa30B bOraTbJpb rpynn HpycTcH B 5L1Jumax ' ~
KH cnc 11 KHJ13C I3JIaJUiMHpe CBlITOCn aBH'-lC (EC3. T.3, c.422).

5.75.

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252

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=.--=====---_

kantuk
cmblemi o lan Ahnaz loqa bin i zn TI g oza
.. I k ey fiiyya t Ia .
..
u ne gom qazaml1l~dl.l
I' isemskinin Ko mik ase rinda personajm famil iya srd rr:

L.Tolstoyun Dirilma as urinda cdabi pcrs onajm Iamiliyasi drr: 0 0 yrPY OH n pHcxan K Eora-n apeny H 3aeTaJI era cntc
no v a, ...aa 3aBrpaK01\I: N. Lcskovun Nekuda asarinde : sena tor
Boq atire v sur eti va rd it .
)KCI\flIY)KIIIIKOB - jemuq s z asasmda ya rannusd tr. Rus
dilindo is lenan qu d im turkizmlar strasmdadt r. Pasmcra gro . bu
szn manbeyi cski uvas d ilindoki cincu sz ola bilar. Mqayis a et: uyqurca yu neu, ync , trkco va aznrbaycanca ine i.
(F asmer 2,46) .
Bu s z ru s antroponimi yasmda familiya kimi m hkam yer
tutmusd ur. I1Ba H a I1BaH OBlflJa )Kcr... jtI)l)KHHKOBa B )K HBLIX nanno
He 6bIJIO (I1.EYIJHH. Kn aina).
KaaUOB - Ka6aH ncn ps (nneaa) CBHHMI, 60POB (Pannon, 2, 439). Bu trk izm in ikinci me'nasnu Fas mcr cror. CKHpn a, xnazn, n pononroaaro KJIa,llKH rcn en ap. (cliacxrcp, 2,149).
Ru s dilindaki heyvan adlaruu bildira rt tiirkizmlar iaris inda kaban (qa ba n) sz biz irn top ladrgumz di l numunnlari icorisinda h am no mi nat iv, ham de ma'cazi ma'nada A. Ostrovski nin
Tufan e se rinde Kabanov (Kabanova, K abanixa) familiyasmdan istifad a olunm usdur ,
Kapaeraaun - Kapal\la3hI - cl\tyrnLIH (c JlHUO). Turken kara qCpHbI H eraaan- i (rusca) s zlorinden yaranrmsd rr (Fas mcr
2,1 92 ). K ara (qara) trk izmi bir sira rus familiy ala nn m te skilinde a ro1unu oynarmsdrr. KapaKo30BLI, KapaM3 1IIlLI (MO)f{CT,
H K apaMa30BLI) - x apaxrcpu ue cn n pcs a e. BOJDKCKHC <laMHJJHII
C n JlO XO Cn p}!TaHHOH BOCTO'-IHOH '1Cp nOTOfO" (xapa ... )). F.Dos toevski nin Karamazov qardas lan romar unuun asas suratlcrinin mansub oldugu ailan in adrdtr.
A JlM330B. K ononov ha l", kcan asrin tadqiqle rina e sas lanaraq rus tarixi saxsiyyctlerindon olan - sarayda yilksa k va~ifv
tut an bir ~xsin Almaz laqab i haqqmda yazlrdl ki, A lmaz Ivanovi kimi tanlIlml~ bu ~~xsin <)sil adl Yerofcy id i. a r Alcksey
Mixaylovi in zamanmda 1640-CI ilda i~u ba~lamI~dl. 0 mh ~
I H.:JiiOCJlb.\WH. nooedlluu JlemOlJllc clf Af., Km /ZiJ l!. 1983, c.2 8

.,.,~

254

.,.,

--======--

.B OT ccrO,UII5I nano 6LIJIO Y AllMa30Ba napTHIO COCTaBIITb- BOT

re6e H naprun .
,

K~'I\lall eB

- .k uma xpaceaa XllonlJoTo6YMa)KHa/i TKaHb.

(F~Sl1lCI 2,415). Bir stra slavyan di llerins kean bu sz trk dil Ie rinde da qtmuzr rengli pa mb rq para ma'nasm da dir (R ad lov

2,1048).

. .

Ru~ bodii adabiyyatll1da Kumaev va K umasni ko v fami liyasi seklinda isti fado olunmusdur: Haru Jl)"IllJHH roproeeu Kyhta'ICB - OXOTHHK ,n:o COCTaBJlCIIHlI. .., lf y n ero ozmoro TOJlbKO
OHH H n pon aror cs . (H.JIecKoB. OTp LIBOK)
,

J(OJlHaKOB - kalpa k kalpak trk di lle rinda n (kalpak

,apka:al ll1lHad,L (Fasmer I, 297; R adlov 2,2 68). V. Dal kolp~ k sozunun. tatarlarda sa p ka me'nasmda isle ndi yini va ayn ca
.
xalq admda hifz oldugunu gdstarmakla yana si k olpak
. dT d
'
'( ,
sozunun
I,US I 111. o mB.c~z~l"'~arak gie, sadalvh , ira dasiz ad am ma 'nasmda da islendiyi ni gstorir.z
13.u a~ rus dili ~n~masti k sisteminde mil eyya n yer tutur.
Bcla ki, K ol pakov sozu~dan fam iliya va leqab kimi istifada
0lul1111". I' .Dostocvsk i ni n Idiot asarindo:
.
.0, 'JTO no nea y pll-noB01\1 KOJllIaKone, . H 6 e3 cOM HeHwI, KH/l3b fisrn 6L1 on p annaa.

A . ~ex ovun X on s,tka hekayas inda eses su retla rdan birinin famil iya sidrr: Ot aopnnacr, COCC.nHCH KOMIIaTLI naeps H souren
KOJlna~oB;.. A.Pu~kinin Puqaovun tar ixi sana dli e serinda
kazak

familiva
sr kimi gstorilmisdir:
~
.,
.

C I!I!

rrepnsre ero )I(epTBbI

6bIJHt: COTIlIIKH B HTOll1HOn ' Hcproporon , p.arru cn

lf

K OHOBaJIOB

~5ITII -~~CllTHHKH P)!)f{eHII KQn, TOJICTOB, n O,n:L5l'IeB H KOJlnaKOB~

L
Ama5J he kayasindv leqab kiimr. IS
. tif
d Huninin
..
na d a 0 1umnusUI: . . HoaHII vB OJlOrOJI CKll , HapHIlael>Ibrti GOJIbIUOJ l{O JmaK,
p oe/OM M a JlhIll, JlII U OM M OjJll1 IJHO WlTbl H

,
2 ;{r:"OI/ON. :'I!l l/e(JIOfJ /{f/ 113Y 'IeilWI
r ;'.(all> / OH/:>K(}(I!:>/U e ,w u o p b [oe

,I r ,

/955.m2, ("./42-/43.

BCC

KpeeTaMH ynemeH-

/Jll(}P~CKI/X lUb/KOG 11 1'0CC1I1I

.

H d

.,., ~

' .

23

3.(!01l1l0e lllpmlH b/X lI lIaI/ 1l01lil- U:>H b /X CJlOe o p e u.

255

.,., ~

-======-_

no -

Azorbaycamn Bnrda rayo nunda hu s zlo bagh Toganah

nc uoro.
.
I'
.
6e lU MeTeB _ bes met rus dil ina kece n trk mal~~a. 1 gCYIIll
adidrr. Rus dilinde osasan st geyim nvnn adt klim ~n ~ox
etnoq rafizm sac iyyasinda olsa da , hu .s~~11 IlJS antropo11l1l1ly _a .~
smda istifadasi hamiu szn rus ode bi dilinde ~ h nm ~la rdall lll~ 1
oldugunu gsterir. Pisemskinin TK)(lHI.K asarindaki pc rs(~ naJ
lardan birinin adrdtr: B OT nanpnncp, ucum,a Ilcrposu -m Ecur-

kandi mvcuddur.
Baskako v Oqon - Doqonovskiy famili yasm m etimoloj i
iuhl ilini vcre rke n O IH IIl trk s z dogan (sa hinlo) bagh cldugun u

HbIn, .DO KOH"IIIHbl

He cmnr aaumtl c cefis xonn axa,

'1Y'")'Il )'

MeT CBa CbIH, npCKp a CHe HllIIIH lleJIOBCK, a IUIKy n a He C3JlIIT, nee
CllJlIiT nO Ma .

Ill an s nu - sapka (~ apka-abak) sz tr~ dl ll<)r111.~lu n almrnadtr.! Yun aleeva rus dilinde qirx dan yuxa n isla nan ~~l rk 1ll;)11~
I bas gey imi adla n run ia risinda au qadim almma soz klobuk

~~ I,
..
r ' AI'
'
(X II) va sapka (X IV as r) t rkizmlerin i hes ab C(lL
" ...cxo vun Qocal tq hekaye sindo a dabi pcrsonaj - va kilin fallll,lI ~asl

Sapkindir:

snuryr )lCCSlTh. Y3CJIKOB naxu yn P YKOII Jl

nomen lI CKaTb Illanxnsa.
.
i\la inallOH - Mailnan nnOW3111>, MeCTO exon.o K,' Oski rus
dil inde r naydan aaapnas nnoiuam- ma 'nasmda istifade olunmusdur (Fasmer 2, 559). Turgcnevin ~lcpDaH m060Bh 1'0vest inda pcrsonaj m familiyastdtr: Ho Ma iinanon OTpllU3TCJlbHO
n OCT OHB

n OK3'-1 aJl rono aoii 11

m xraxnyn B01l0ca MIL

.. ..".

..

Tv r a u. Tuqan//togan tiirk di llari nde qu s novUl~ u bil~ 11l ~"

Trk man seli rus familiyasi Tuqanov bu szd andir. Masir
Azorb aycan dilin de islenmesa de Dad a - Qorqud dastan l.an m.n

dilinde (Togan qu~ oluban uaYlIllTIl?, VII ?~y) ~a k l.a~ slk~arl

mizda: Drd sey vardtr ovu altuts dastina , biri sahi n. blfl dogan ,
bir ~spi r, bir baz (~. i.X"ta i. es~r1ri, IJ c., s.':I )' ..
Togyanyr.ak (XI asr) Faxraddin T oganyu mk adll ~<)xs
Azarbaycanm sa lcuq a miri olmu~dur. 3
I PA ,/Olfa,ee Ga . "J/ e lo:CUK Q -ce.\IOIIII1I1 '1CO.:oe ptlJ6l11U1l f' I IHOpJo.Tl.:lIX

H~J601mll

,'O.'(J(1III>l '(

PYCCKo.1' lIJbl"e. .. Coo. TItJI'''O.TO?IIJU . lIp5. 1978. c.ll: JJ.QfJII<:~II(>6 11

6Y.'''(I/)(:/(0 l0 G",aa ti C'a 6 1iHCK n 'l. J11blKiU. 3m r~\ ro_t O<'llR .H., 19 72. c. 7

) fJop r)(l

1 P.AJOH(lAeeaQ. Gstankm 8SiJTI.

J

A r ,Jfbaycan larix i iizra q;Jynaql.1T. Bah ADV-nu1J 1I;}~n. 198 9. s 1-'J.

<!i/> ~ 256 <!i/> ~

r. I fJ

-======--

gsrc rir. !

XIX iJS!" adebiyyatsnas lann dan oian Kuprina - iordanskayanrn Gnnclik illeri xat iral ar kitabmda hamin asrin me shur rus iqtIS<l JIS l, tarix i va siyasa tcis i c lan Tuq an - Baranovski Mixail vanoviin (1865-1919) familiyasr bilara kdan toreerin yerlari nin dayi sdi rih nesi la tah rif edilmisdirr OparopCTOBan fJJaBHbIM o6pa30 M M lI KOTHH... lf n c urc ao OCTJHUJ Ha.n
IWCTbIO n apxcucrcnop MOJlOJl e)f(JI, xor op as , uc B ' leM He PaJ6H-

paxci. C -rynt.nr B1 I11 Mallll eM, KaK CTanO a pa uoa, cnyurana n OKnan Iiap an - T)T~1II 0n c "o ro . Farniliyada baran (qoyun) kompo -

ncnti bilarakd a n ne akilrnisdi.

Rus tarixinda hu va ya mayyan rna'n ada z na yer tutan
tarixi sexsiyyerlorin 111 ;:H1 ~ a C a trk familiyalan dasimast ila bagh
diqqat imizi calb ede n bir xsusiyya t da odur ki, bu adlar ba 'zan
ma sirla rinin isinda onu xarakteriza etmak n bir vasita olur.
Mi.ls;:JI;:JI1, Arakcev familiyastmn arak-t -i trk pcse adrndan trundi yi ma 'lumdur. Bu famili yanm dasryrcilann dan on mashu ru
Arak ccv Ale ksey Andrccv i ( 1769 - 1834) - rus D vlet xadi mi ,

I Ale ksandr vaxnnda, xtisuse 1815-ci ildan baslayaraq faktik

olaraq Dvlet Surasi vo Nazirla r kabineti $uras1I1111 ra hberliyini
Z olino nlnnsdr. Ont1 11 apnrdrgr obskurantizm, dcspotizm va a tq
horbil e sdinna siyaso ti araq cevsi na ad! alnu sdr. Y ksok dairaImda, saray ayanlan iorisinda Arakecvin paxillan ox olmu ~
Jur. V.V.K rcsto vski nin Ded( povestinJa OI1U I1 familiyasl bu
aJa m lafl l1 a linda Ol1l1 alallmaga bir vasite olur: ApaKlJeeB? .
liTo T3KOC ApaK~ICCBa? A paK. . . DoJKe, IffO3a BapBapCK<UI l!>aMlUUUI?
Gert.scn znll1\Jxsus sarkazmla bu qanian iqtdar ada1111111 1ll<l11$<Jyina , - 50 yt111a i ~ard ila : Bas kak) , Tatar baska km
adlandlflr. 1

Bununla hemin szn me'nasuuu va famih yanm tuan suyinin rus ictimai -siya si dairasinda mo'Ium olm ast ma raqh haldr r.
A .S .Pu~killin gndaliyiuda Dundukov famili yasr ilu
bagh: ziypax JI apnaur npe cnc ztyer M CI/R CDOIlMIf KOM II TCT<l.MIl
(nyrnKIilI <<J1.u e BH II K)), dieapan , 1835) qcyd larina rast gal irik. Hu
sexs Do ndu ko v - Korsako v Mi xui l Ale ksandrovi, kn yaz , Pus-

kinin rnasiri (1794 - 1869) scnzura komitnsinin sadri, Rusiya

Elmler Akadcmiyasmm vit sc-prczidcnti olmusdur. Puskin onu
(Dondukov -

Korsakovu)

ho r

ycrd a Dunduk adl ruulmr,

V.f. OdocvskiYD 29 dekabr, J836-c! il tarixli mek tubund a: He
YBH.llil MC.R JlJI a A xancsunr lIaYK, rnc 3 J CCn a CT KHJI3 b )lYIlJlYK'l
Eloca do Puskinin o n a yazu lg l, al da n el o gezen cpiq rammda onu ycno Dund uk adla nd mr:

B Al\aeHlIll HaYI\
3acedae11l I\WU b l!)'m)YI\

n Puskirtin sarkaznuua sobob ohuus, sair onun oslini-kkn

bil' nv xatirlatmah 01111U~dur. Dunduk rus canh darustq dilinde bos, yngl adam me'nasinda mvcuddur: JlYJ lllY K,
6CCrOJIKOS3.R, n o6HpywKa, a Kp ac aTo1 TaK nil)KC 51 lIepen Hei KO(Gym m . <J)Q)J(bC )l e peRO)}).
Rus ~axs ad! Ruslanlll trk

a dl

Tb! Ma xp a6pbl ( r Op b Klli .

CYJl Py-

,-.-::- - - - -6.n:t-n 'we.

- ,11.,- - - -- -1981
--, c. 33- -1 - -- -

1 A r ep ueH_1/11Cb.II0 6

COO(,IIIC"</Il l'ocnlJl.

c.'Il CfX1UCI<UN A . J1601iufXe 4 Ja_ U1u lllI .. 1I(ty,.:a tI .)KU1IIb_. 199 .J.

<!i ~

Ap raMJl<OB 86cII\ aJI B ncpcmno rocynapcna Ka 6If HCTa. rnc

ncnae no crue CTOSin xapayn OT ocro axanpcn a 11 3aKp WIaJI :
ll oacap (Ca6n)'KOB H.A. 3a ll I1CKII) .
Ap llIJIIi - R usiyn da X IV as td a n uzunl uq ls (Radlov
1,333-334; Fasmer J ,92). Uzun asrle rden bari islondiyi me'lumdur. ilk vaxtlar rus J ili meubalarinda KaqHIlIcK uH apma u sak linde islonmas i ars ui s znn rus dilina Kafa (Fcodesiya se-ha rinin adr) bazarlan ndan kccmes i eht ima lm m inandrncrhgim

art mr. Arnq XV - XV I esrle rde n rne rkezi Rusiya baza rlannda

esas uzuuluq l vahidi kimi gcnis sokilde islanrnokda idi. Hu

ad rus bod ii on o rnastikasma da nfuz ede bilmisdir. A .Ostro vskinin z ndam lart m tzdrr d zol iscrik aseri nde Polua rsi nn ikcv tacir fam iliyasldll". .
Kyprn uon - kurqan qadim trk sz olan k urq an sznn
ilk!n mo'n as mda dii ~ arg;) , m hke mla nmi s 'la la, so nralar qebir,
tr k xanl aruu n - xaqunlann siJah va xezino loriyle baraber qebirtop a lo r anlann ndadrr. A .Pu ~ki llin Qo rxi kan d inin se rg zastb
heknynsinda oda bi personaj fami liyas idir: Il oene re nepana TI JlC-

a amuucoaa , y xoroporo

6aTIo UiK a 6 b1Jl

258

<!i ~

.\ro. . ')(;

-====-_

iI
'.!,

,
I
I

ues orna anuora uron,

Kyprau oe Ka3aJIC}I Mu e DCJlli'w illlllM '--l eJlOBCKOM.

Ko 'tenuii - KO"l, o-icaar t. ru s di linde trk dil la rind en ga dim ahnma hcsab olunur (Fasmer 2,355).
Kocvoy familiyaslndan A .cxov un T ri qoJ a (<< il )

povestind8 istifada o lll nmu~du: KpoMe

Eruslan szndi:l11 (8 raslan)

oldugu ma'lumdur. iqor alay! haqqlllda dastandaki ~;)XS adlJrtlldandir. Rus tarixi nag limdan ~ hr..lt (apan bu ada niS b;,)dii dilinda rast ga lirik : E pyc..'l ali
ru OpJlOBbl).

I
i,

I;

Bu tarixi se xsiyya t asla n Don d uk famil iya h kalnuk xan t

na sfinda ndir.t Btiin clmi bil ik va ma'lumatlara yctik 01<1 11
Puskin tak en adt n yad hg nn du ymanu s, onun haqiq i a slini do bilme rn is dcyildi. z xidmeti vezifo boreuna g ra Pu skinin yurud rcrhgtm izlayan senzure sedri hala he bil" clmi esori olmayao lmaya (sairin yazdrgma gru) Rusiya EA -nm zv scildiyi

pOJl b

Aprn ata x nu - arqama k. Orta Asiyada e ins at nvnn ad i.

Oadim 1115 dilinde do e sil eins at anlammda islenmisdir
( M . Q) tiC MC p . Apmua - pocnaa 11 ncpo raa a3 J1aTCKaH: no uraru-;
mo'ca zi ma'nada uzun. anq adam). !

uy,

60JlhlllOrO n OMa Ha

OH Ja HIl Man TaK)I(C eme llBYX3Ta)J(Hhllf

YJl H-

q)JlI lrCJl b BO .llBOpe

CBo e ro .n.p yra K OIICBOro, KOTOp Oro Bce JlallTc Bb l

3Bam l

npOCTO

KoeTel .

}Ipueu - Bu sz (.ap )

1115

va Illanb;;) trk dillarinda

KPy-

Toii, Opll BblCTblii 6cpc r . 60JlblUoii rny60KH oBpar, OTBCCHax

I 11-11"'" 1"0 .11>1.;("" " ., C~''''OI''' 1'J1('~(J," NlItlKO.
("""'''/J...ti. (._38. /11. /

<!i% =. 259

roe /l u l

-GO /lII OC Il1. ti

<!i ~

Half"OIla~bI/bU

-=====---

,I

cxana, 6cpe r

Ij

pacccnu nax : (Fusmcr 4,351)) mu'nasmdadrr. Bo

MHOrJIX TfOpKCKII X ~3 b1KaX cmav acr OT BCCII Mi i. pyroii

cpcr
(04eBIIJJ.HO OT rnarona xp - pacc exa'n, 1I0n OJlaM, py6 l1Tb) (J.{ M.

554). cxcvu n il pove stinda ad ab i pcrsonaj formasmdadr r.

Hpuen KaK-TO panocr uo 11 JaeTeU' II{UO ymafianca If Ree CMOTpcn

Ha JOJIl IIO, ua ce xpacnnyto 1I0 ry. OT rnarona HP pacccxart.,

pacuten n a'rs , 3a<f>m.:cnponaUiloro R JlpClJIlOTJOp KeKOM H3hIKe _
COXpaH.SieT B cocpcacnuux TJOPKCK IIX .H3b1KaX IGl l\: cnoe OCIIOB -

IJ?C auavea n e: rpeumna B 3CMJIe, TCCIIlfBa, yurcm.e .t Baskakov

Iqor po lku haqqmda das tan e so rindo islanan trkizmlar SI rasmda Jlpyra (yarug - pellheilla 3el'>lll ll) SZIl da qeyd edir .?
Bu sz formant saklinde trk-tatarlar yasayan yer larin
toponim la ri iarismda xsusila scili r: (Heloyar, Krasnoyar.
ermy yar, Sveth y yar va s. ]. inin Sin tz ya n Uygur Mu xtar
rayonunda Var kand sahari, Yarkand ayt darusinda ycr lasir.
Uyg ur dil iudaki yar, yargan . dore sz ila baghdrr.
E n3 1,.13 . Fas ruera g ra q u dim ru s dilin do. }llJOH ' II II (a cpana sak iiuda islenm isdir . Frk dilin de yapa ua naxun ea C KaJ lIOWOHO~I)) dem akdir (Fas mcr 2,20) . F.Dostocvskinin Sars a ri
a seri nda ada bi personaj lann dan birinin adrdir: B cru puny rC- JICpan EnaU4IlH, KaK BeCM 11 3ReCTli O uno y'mcrno uan B orxynax .

Xana-rnn - Trk dillen vasitosile xular kaftan rus dilina

kcan bu szn asli ara b diliudon almmach r (hil'at _ novem oe
nna'n,c (Radiov 2, 1722) ma'nasmdadir. A,CX OVllll Ninoku
hckayasinda pcrsonaj admda isu fado ulumuusdur: C TpCThHU
TBOIIM 1l,11Ch UOM OTllpa13 l1J1 CH K TflOCMY KYM Y X anar ony B npaanCHBc )h.if Bo.uepO - Xancxoii accncmoii n op cru .

8ski

Xauu n - xan qndim trklorda titll1 dul" (Radlov 2, l 62).

ru s dilindo xaHh, KaIlh ~i)k li nd\"l i$ lil d i l m i~dir (f asmer,

4,2 17). e xovun <<I-Ia 1I011BO,UC h ckayosindil Sll l"ill n falllih yas i
Xano vdur : C moeee CBCPIl YJlJI Ha n poc cn O'1I1YIO Jl,opo ry: X al/ OB
Bllepe.llll , C eMCIl 3a IlIlM.
I ()

~fO,l~l1Il()(ia.

OTRif\CJ ICBUJll i C3}lOK, CCMcn lJ eKMap h.

Apfiyao u - bostau mcy vasinin ad r. U kra yna dilinde qarbuz. polyakca harbuz kimi islanir qip ak (xa rbu z], knm-tatar dihndon karpuz (Radlo v 2,213) rus dil iua kcmi sdir . M.Fasmcra
g m es f fars dil indan kcma dir (Fasmcr 1,83 ).
Rus nntroponimiyasmda Arbuzo v szudau familiya kimi
istifada o lunur: C map}lcikKIiM 3KJm aIKCM, Kp OMe p oruux KO nnnnpon K IOXC]l h6c KCp a, Apfiysoaa, Ilyunoma, n plllllnll nna
p ara licnacru.r , b OiJ.lI CKO, ll UBOB Ii samrran-ncilrcnaur HItKOnnii J;CCTYA{CB, ponnof par AJICKCaHJlpa IJ MIIXJ IfJla Iiccr yx eaux (l1. JJ,. 5IK YIlJKIIII vtcrupn anuarce nCKa6p5I)), B KIl. PYCCKU C
" c" yapJ,[ ( I BOO- I B25), 0.416).
. Bu familiyaya gcnts sakilda rast galmak m mkndr .

Kuprinin Sirkda;) hekaysinin qa1:lrBmanllun familiyasldlr.

0 pJll.IIIC'B - urda trk dllarinde saray, sultan, xan adll1
(Filslller 3, 150; urdu tiirkce hi)rbi d ~ ':lfg a , Rad lov I, I072).
Doslocvs kinin S a hibm> usv rind udab i pcrsonaj m famiIiYil s1l.1J r:
M i.l S:

lIaKOllcJt Il epe MClITlTh KBapTllpy.

Adl:ll"a , f<lll1 iliyalara nisba tan lq<Jb larda surat in sociYY<Jsi
ila ba gil m hiim ca hvl daha gcJii ifada olunur. Ha m da la qa bI ~lr da ha cmosio nal la'sir gcna malik olur.

OpJlhlll OR p ClIl l lJ lOI

K 'IOI/POCl ' fJ? '();P(l(/III" ."'>rm' m r p ,\I /lllo,' IJ.' / I/lII III Ol W l m lllrll lJl l'p U m u _

f UIl. c~. nJlop>raTo.'III1, .-\'1> 6. 1972. r.69.

Jl.A .bac"ww 6 TlOp"c>rGJI llC""''' MI " C!llfflC rJ 1I0,1~Y J/?Of>t'IW" M . .. JllII ""' '' . J985.

~ /~

1;:IX'l l'CU - baxa. baksi . Rus bedi i d ilinde ox lslonon trkizmlardandir: jlancxo. f1 0' ITIl Ha rcpnaour e, MOlKIlO Iismo JlaJJHl'IHTb TCJlCr y , It napy DonOB, KOro pLIC MCHJI CHno BnCKJl Il ce. n a
uranaur cropoaca Ha fiaxuax (EYIUIH. 8 aerycre); H apyaoa
110 1l0 '1.lM C 6aK III II TaK C' JaCTJl H BO He Bo pYlor -ryr peG$lTlIWKIi
(r.}la lll lnCflCK III . ncrnsrc R HO BOp OCCll u ) . F. Dostocvskini n
Srcpanikove ke ndi va sak inlar i povesti nda sura tin familiyasnhr: TaK CCTOnaJl roc noznm Baxveea: HO n Y tKC He cnyutarr
ero ,
lJ (' JOlaJlh - <<Lly6IfHa, KOJl Ol)'UJ Ka ) trk dille rindan almmadrr (Rad lov 3,201 1); dubina , dubinka (Dm.550). Familiya
kimi L.To lstoy un Ha rb va slh a sarinda , K uprinin Brcqet
hckayusinda esarin qa hramamnm famili yast olaraq istifado
olunmusdur : 110C'lC nero CTOHn ero KaMCpJlJlHep , crap u n n u, 110

La qa bin leksik me zmun u onu sum ta na ruaqsadla vcrildiyi ni ma yya nla sdirm a ya imka n vcri r. Rus di lindo ma'lum trkizmlari n ham da loqob kim i islodilmus i h..sr scy dcn uvval bu
s zlori n tam mum nsiyya t vas itosi qiyrnat ini qazaum avgr ila

baghdrr.
TIO(~ Hl" ~ rus di li dialektinde tsak ().lam.); bu trkizm rus
dilinde neptuta, xrarpac ma'nasmda islonilir (Fasmcr 4, 158:
Radlev J, J 265) tatar dilindo tsok, Aznrbaycan dilind..) dsok
fonctik varin ntlarda isladihr. Trk almmalarui -?> f da yismalari

noticasinda tfek saklino dsm sdr. Piscmskinin T todia x

asarinda asas qahramanm lcq obi kimi Izaifliyina, qeti yyetsizh-

yine gre) istifada olunmusdur: Mononon eure \l e JIOnCK ,

TOJlLKO

npocro xrenacm-; CIIJlIIT na noroi i 6OJIT:.lCT; 11 ponm.rc-ro TlOqUlKOM 30Byr.

Sami l kisi adr rus dilinde ma 'Iu111 assosiasiya dogu rmast

faku o uun bed ii sura ta bir laqab kim i vcrilmasinda rol cy naytrSoloxovun Sak it DOJl) osarinda d yske n kazak m va cxovun
Ogrular hekayasinda mashur at ogrusunun loqo bi Samildir:
Bunun kimi M .Qorkini n yaradtcrh gm da vlyn a u (Hnn ymxa)
CMCPT B Kapsra ne . (Spnrcn u). Bnonraf Tapmcan (.uCJlO
Aprauanoasrx) sura tlarin laqabidir.
Ru s dili onoma st ik sisteminde trkizmlorin yc ri, mvq cyi
istiqametinda apard lglllllz ara $dlr ma lar gs tv rir ki, ni S badi i na sr
dili nda trk tarixi ~ axsi y ya t adlan z nominativ ma'nal an ila yan a~ l, bu d ildo obrazh ifa dolarin dB ya ranm as ll1da rol oy nanll ~l ar.
Bundan ba$qa , m u mi ~ l v k szlvr SvCiYYBsi nd rus d ili lcksik asll1da zaruri j~ la k va h idl m dvn o lan bil' Slm trkizm lvr in z ila
bir slrada onl ann ham do rus d ili an tropo ni1:nik sistcm inda familiya kim i yer tutmasl da dilin qanuni.luyg unl ugu kimi qi ymvtb ndirilmalid ir.
Cam iyyata a sa rla ri ila xid111vt cdBn yaz ll z idcyalan lll,
nm qs8dini, borcunu scdiyi ad, imza altmda ha yata kc irir. San\)t<3 xidmat 8sil ad m g izlad ihn a sin i tlvb ct111i~ Vi) tax;J lls da
tam nmam aq n arxas1l1da giz l<:ln ila bilciJk ~il1naya cvri lmi~-

.", ~

262

Qy. ~

-====_

di r. I Hu rn u'nado yazrmtn soxsi imzasr-ta xal ls z tarix i

had isadir. Ma sir odobi soraita nisbet e n kea n asri n rus sa na tka rlannm toxnl lslere meyli xsusila gc l olm usdur. Bu d vr-

do te xa llslur adebi ccm iyyc ua rda, adebi salonlarda, darn aklarda gcnis yaYlhm~dl : , Qeyd edak ki, bunlardan istifada 0 'qadar
tabii hal alnusd r ki, 'onlardan ba'zileri yalruz mahdud dairada >-,
yazismalarda, polenrik shbctlorde islodiiirdi! du r ki,' texallslord an istifudu zamam iki hal zn gstarir: le texa llslar var
ki, x susi mvzu ila , xs usi moqsadle bagh isladilmis, els' ta~
xellsler de vardrr ki, yaz rt, sonarkar bundan b tn yaradtcrligi
boyu istifada ctmisdir.
.
J
Ru s yazr i V\) sairlorinin trk rnen sa li texollsleri ham
miqdarca , ham do maZI11U IlCa ahemiyye tli m vqeya mali kdir:

Tamnnus rus yazir Vu sairierinin, medaniyyet xadimlarinin

bir

oxunun tr k men soli taxa ilslar dan istifada etmesi bir stra sa:~
bebla rlo baghdrr. Bu, sone tkan n znn me nsa kkn bilm a si
va bu nu rabii bil' hal kimi qabul etmesi, adm gizli saxlamlmasr'.
maqsad i ile , tc xal lsn sci lmis m vzu Ha uyg unlugu , on un bij.',
1
cox ha llard a ckzotik te's iri na tica sind a , ad m s lub vasit asi ki mi
yara rhh g mm ifadesi o lmaq kimi bir ox sebe blorlo baghdi r. \ : ~
T rk mousuli tax cllslorin bi l' q ismi ya zi uu n ul u bab~1 ;'3
n mn mens ub oldug u xal qut, tay fan rn adJJ11 bildirir. Temmms rus

,a iri Q.Dcljavi n (J 743-181 6) ilk odalanl1l bilo-bila Attilanm'

varis i (l laToMoK J\l TIIJIl>r) , Ra aYlll1ll sa kini '( Ra Volqa aYll'l ;;l
qiJdim ad larmdand lr) kimi jl11 Zi.llaYl~, ma~hur F cli tsa) odl1sm ;n'
ith aflll da hu nsor in Dsk i z:allla nlardan Mo skvad a l1l a;.;kunl a~ml~,
lakin iiz i ~ l;l rjJHI gr iJ PClcl burqda ya~ aya n Tatl1f Mirzusi (~ah za
da si) wm li ndiJl1 yazJl dlglll l gstorirdi. De rjavin z tbi i ki, bu
adla n bilom kdon gtrl11~d . Onu11 bioqra flan Dc rja vin in x ris~ ,
tial1 l1gl qab ul cll1li~ tatar Abaqrim (ibrah im) M irwnin na~li~dan '

I ( rllcpntlCKWI

A. Ik mopuJJ

/lCKOI1l0pIXX

IlCeedOHlm oo.

K H oY KO /I JK'/lJHb lt,

199-1, }i~J:

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c.1l5,

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263

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\'

ol dugunu d ne- d ne qcyd etm islo r.' Byk rus sair i A . S .P u ~k ill
Z bad ii yaradrcilrgmda Derjavindan mxta lif m nasibn
tla rla

bahs cdarak znn Fonvizinin klge sb sc'rindo

OBU

qnx rq

tatar (b riuy ta tari-'] adr ila yad edir: Sa nlt Lom onosov Pinddo

bir zaman grd ki, ruslarda qansrq hq var z-bas r qrrxtq tatarnagrna kar e linde lirasi qaldmr tufan (tarcmoi: a .Tvlul).
Mhacirot illorinde Buninin cvinda yasanns A.13ax rax xatiralarinda yazir ki, Bunin Derj aviuin sc'rtarmda poetik ifadola rin gzalliyino hcyran qalaraq HeT, IlOIl YMaiTc , lITO )1"01
-rar apuu CQ tIll HII1L . . T OLJ IIC C He njlIlJlYMaeWb2 ( Bil' bax, gr bu
tatar na ya ztb , bundan gze lini tapmazs an) - dcyi r. Yazir
A.N.Tolstoy ganc lik illariuin yarndtci hq mohsulu olan S ags ngan nagrllan eserine M irze T urg cn imzasi qOYI11U~ dll . 0, a nas~
tarafdan Turgencvlor ncsline baglamrd r. IJu da bil' 3'IQ tan xr
haqiqa tdir ki, btn Turgcnc vloriu. 0 cmlodon l11a~hll~ yazri
LS.Turgenevin ulu babasr - Qrzrl Orda xaui Turgen M I.rz~ rus
an Ir Vasilin n zamaruu da Moskvaya k orek (1440) xn:)t1~~Il .I.I
gl qabul ermis trk-tata r as ilzada larind.v.n olmusdur...u.~1 soznn
kkndo turk-mogol meusa li turgcn (111, cosqun) SOZll duru r.
Azarbay carun simal-q arbinda ki Tryan aYII1111 da mo'nasi bu
sz le baghdir.
. . .
Bunin 1890-cl ildo OPCJlC Klll neCTIIlIK de ap ctdlrdlYI
ocrkla rini <d. A.ubarov) imzalaYlrdl. Buninla r z qlpaq cpo:
xasmda nlsla qaynaYlb-qan $11l1$ trk Qs illi ail<J!Gr slrasll1 dadlL J
i$latdiy i ubarov taxolls anaSIl1111 qlzhq familiyasldlL
Rus familiyasi ubarov da trk asilli familiya lardand lf.
4 y6aphli, IlCCTpbli, PX6Lli)) sz trk dilindan ahl1l11adlr
. Byk OrdJdJn ,\fUf"ZJAbr.1gim ooyk knya z VllsiJi ~';l~iIY'liD.
giJlJiJJ. B u n&~/''1
birqolu _ Dcrjninla r niJsli rus t;n fm-lilC//lil .lIdl1liJl. c~1I1I$1ar; (/I.A
.ho c" a"orl. P.I'c c},;,/le

qJalfu.um mlOpKC"O.'O np olic.'{o,'IK'JeII/lJl). U'fJ.1l'mm ulu b..l b.1SI

~!J~7.1 ..B~?qmll
(ibraqim ) V. V. Tcmm zal1J.1111 By k Ordadilll Mo.~h~ya :(fdlll..
~m g""III/~(iJ. Boyuk ~n..
yaz a/lU pravosla,' dinina !!<uird,: .~onrad.l/I dJ ru.~ ,Io vlillm!l l'rcd.1II1.
1 .\UII/w l Ctdl) 'lIIiJ
fra ana tarpaq l':lgl.~/ildl (Ba ,dl.XoiJacCrllI'< . /lep.]l("" GIIIf. .\1 , " ~" I1"'!H
J9XS. c.39).
A.b"rupa,t. liJ JJl.lJ<'()(/0pOG C E}'lIlIIrbl.lt . lIe6a JKJ"PH".
1993, A~3 .. c.j0 7. .
. . ,..
J

Baymu.\"RtllJIICfVV S. K IIY.1Z X.1l, A /cks.1ll dr Ncvskl va LJmllfl

DolIs~ oy k llll ,'

naya .t idfll ill edrrdilar? (,Od;.JbiYY.11qa/c/i" . 2 7. VIII. 1999.

'!;>

264

(';

I ;)

--==== -

(tat aren ubar (IUITHII CThlt. yy6apblH) aqatayca uba r nouran r,

ccpoii MaCTII, kazaxca ubar, basq . ubar nama crutt Radlov

3.2 153, 2 185) Fasmer 4,375. Azarbaycan turkces indo opur
soklind e islanmakdn dir. LS.Turgcncvin Oryo l se he rindo .ycrlesou Dvlot muzeyindo saxlanen Buninin bmsr ouiskindo ubarov toxells mallifin huqiqi adt ila (Bunin) yanasr qoyulmusdu.
Rus yazit V sairlerinin doguldugu ycrin adlanndan for- I
malasen ra xal lslorin iinda mD I1$aCa trk dillarina maxsus to- .
ponimlcr den {ycr adlan ) dza lon texe llsle r do xsusi yer tutur.
Musale n. publisist - yazrt Mark Aldano v (Sibirda Lcna aymm l
qollan ndan olan Aldan ayt adllldand l:,- haqiqi soy ~dl ~a.n - l
dau dur; tcntr xadimi So bo lsinov- Sa mari n, yazrr Mamm-SlblrI
yak, Mol a nov-Sib irs ki. m ganni Piroq ov-Ok ski, musiqii Karcpanov -Kamski li mi sana tkarlar trk yer adlan ndan (Aldan,
Sarnara , Sibir, Oka, Kama) texe lls kimi istifado ctmisle r. .edDbi - be dii toxa llsle rin bir qismi se xsiyyct in faaliyya t
sahosi . daha dogrusu . onun sana ti ila baghdir. K ean as rda ya$;U11l-? yazll i.i.Mitropolskinin Ak Bas va Ak Bascv, yazir
A.Potoskucvin Bayqus ov ve yazll a lim . V.A.Ob rucvin Aksakal! toxell slonni islotma la ri onlan n trk xa lqlan run ctnoqrafik
iucul iklari na bnlad olduqla ruu g ste rir. Ag bas yerli m se lmanlan n, 0 crntedan trklorin tom iz qrrx nns baslarma isarodim (Radlov , 1,90), bayq u ~ trk sz isa Radlov, Dal va f asmem gm kaslb, dila ni, yoxsul kar i dcmakd ir. Ag B a ~ ))
trk onoma stikas1l1 da da ma yyan yer tutur. Dava ida :A gba$
ktUldi var, Enn nnisland a Agba$ ~ a ho ri n i n indiki adl Abovya ndlr.
Ke'nn vsrin sonlann da hllm ~ a ir, ham nasir kirni faa liyyat
gslariJl1 etnoqraf ali111 V.A.Ma zurkcviin Hanm, Xolifo, Na~.
qayka (noqay qamlsl )' kimi maraqh taxolls lari ila yana~ l , Pe .
cneq taxo lliisii do oll1lu~d ur.
1
Adlan hal u qodim rus salnalllo la rinda griinan pccncq la .
K iycv RU SHdvla lnin siyasi ha yatmda mhlim rol oynaml ~ lar.
I 11. {/J, ,lIw:arllJ(/ l .106111'h IIC('flJOIflU IV6 PyCO'-'l'i
UW ,l (),>J/mp.1t'i, (6 .j. /J/l1 l11o . /( n) m I. c.91. c.
I /1 .

'!;> ~

265

n1lc ameJlt'li ,

'!;;> ~

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}''1C'IIbU /I

0 6/11eCIIIOe<l
I

~===---I

Rus madam counyyutiruie pccneqlu nu styust vn tan x r

mv qcyi tamarui la aydm id i. O razica qonsu clan, siyasi , iqrisad i
va m eda ni alaqalarla onlara ba gh olmus , lakin son rala r ciddi
assim ilyasiyaya ugru rms bu qad im xal q m ad t ba di i tefbkkrlard a
bir sira xarakter xs usiyyo tlcrina gre de mayyan iz qoym usdu r. Azov denizi boyunda (Taqanr oqda) ariadan olmus V \) ijk
ge nc liyi ni burada ke ir mis A .cx ovlln yara d tcthgmda ~c~.
neq sz tuturnlu banzatrnalar yaratmaga xidmot ctrnis d ir .
Onun bir sira a sarlarinda bu tayfa adr ca hil . medani yya tsi z,
ve hsi ma 'nasmda istifada olunur. Bir nco niimun aya baxaq:
Ma sa ise bu za man susur ve qasqabagnu t k b usta sss le dokt~.
ra: vahsilar, pccneqlur - dey ird i, (<<Ma nilll lm yatlllW); GoZIra m, peeneqle re m ha zira oxuyuram , malice cdi ram, ki.is.~
re m - yazr ! d ost lanna yazdrgr bu moktubuuda yarad rcthq I.} I
ila yanasi hakimlik isin in at inliyi, z n n kma~si zliy i. il~ bir
arad a nadanlar cahillar ara smda ahsdigmda da gile ylunirdi.
B tn hall arda exovun pc cn cqler haqqm da obrazh ifa dal arini n asast nda inca yumor - toba ss m durur: Sa xalina gedarken yol te a ssratlan ilo dolu maktublarmda ya xml anna yazirdi: Karna za hlat ka n ay d ir. O nun gzalliyini d uy maq n
ga ru k pee neq olasan. Ya'ni qayiqd a ne ft, yaxud bahq ollcyin in
yamn da he rakat siz oturmaq va ararn srz ularaq tiitiin v kll.l<J.k lazlm dm). Burada art lq cx ov ZIlIl danxdmcl sa yah atml kobud pccllcq haya t tarzi il\) bi r tu tur.
.
T rk Ill an ~ oli to xoll s!<Jr bir ox s;Jllotk an n biiln f<Jahyyeti boyn daim i ~lundiyino gm 0 qvdar gc ni.} yaYlh11l ~dlr ki ,
b unlar faktiki o iaraq soy ad lan m DVvZ etm i.}la r. Mvsvla n, russovet ~ai ri Mar~aki n tBxnllsii ~a l rov (~ater-adlr) id i. Ma~hur
rus akt yo ru V .i.KaalovulJ ( 187 5- 1948) (kelll) haqiqi soyad,
Svcrubovi, Miuk sm, Engcl sin asaria rinin rus dilin" t\)rc i.i mo i~i
iq tisad l, adib vo filosofo lan Bazarovuil (1874-1939) asIl. faml tiyas l V. A .Ruuncvdir. Bi.l zarov ha m da <<l loB351 1K1I:JHb Jum a\mm rcdaktorlanndan o ll1lll~ duf. Ru s aktyoru va rcji !'soll.l d ig8r
ll az arovun IIsil so yad. N .M.Mixaylovski (1 840-1895) oll11u,dur.
0, 1880-ei illarda Pctcrburq da TeaTpaJlbHa.sl 6116J11IOTeKa jur~~

266 ~~

na luu 11;)"r ctdirmisdi . Rus yazrrlarmm baza r trki zrnina milnasi ber daki faal lrgr (Turgcnev in Atalar va ogull ar asa rini n de
qahrumammn ad t Bazarovdur) b u szn leksik-seman tik mazmunundan irat i gal ir. Bazar sz bir sira rna'nalarma gra rus
di lindo ha lo XV asrden sc sinl-i nziba ti termin va fami liya kim i
gc nis is len me kde d ir. 13 u s z trk di lla rinde va cloco de d axi l
uld ugu ru s c de bi di lind e h a m d e se nlik. yigmcaq, bayr am yeri
kim i (m qa yiso ct: T rk standa Bazarg l, Bazarbe y saxs ad lan )
kimi mo'uularda anl asildigmdan tex a ll s kim i icti mai ha yatm
nnda morkozinda zn hcsab eden yazruu n istifado ctrnasine sorau ya ratnu sdtr. Teatr xad imi Pana s K arp o vi Saksaka nski run (1 84 5- 190 7) os il familiy ast Tobilovi idi . Saks aka n Ukrayna da ycr ad t, Oarabag da dag sils iles ina aid dag ad t va t rk
d le rindc qa rga fosilasi ndo n quo} n v adrd tr. Sa ksaka ns kinin
d vrn sos ial ziddi yyntlorin i ak s ctdi ran satirik ko me diyalan
Ukrayna dramaturgjyasnun zi rvesi hesab olunur.
Tanmrm s sov et yazrcist Arkadi Qayda n n os il farn iliyasi
Qo fikovdur. Dogruden da bcla toxollslar soyadlan kimi d sn lr,
Ya z rt VII sair v.Lebcdcv - Kuma (1 899-1 949) isa soyadt
va luqebda n birlikda istifadn ctmisdir. Sairin bu texallsd an istifado etrnosini n sebo bi onu n kuma (qu mas) s znde inqi labm simvo lunu gnu asinde vc z yarad lcllt g mda mbariza va
vatenda~hq mvzulannm asas yer tutm asmda id L znn QlrI11IZI Ordud a i~ l a nms ila a laqadar olaraq e'tira f edirdi ki, qlrmlzilarm qU l11a ~ sarg rlan, bayraq lan mano bu taxa ll s vcrdi. 1 Qeyd
ct llmk ycri nv d ~ or ki , qU l11a ~ ~k llma s z ru s a de bi dil inda
para nv ad mI bild innekla ya na~l, a la va benzo r ma'nalan ila
<Ia g cn i~ i.} le d ilir: Yu rye v qollarmdan vo yaxahgmdan q mTIlz l
qU ll1 a ~ 1 q opa~dl (A. K uprin. Cusur qaqm lam). Ra ng bil dird ikd;): nun gz la ri ikid<J11 quma ~ l -qm mzlyd l, fm dlgl smdmb d~a ll1 o ya ti.i priird (A .K uprin . Ev Pa ris j) ).
Gcrtscn ad vbi vo siyasi mhitda is ka ndiJf ad l ilo da tanml rd l. 0 , birinc i dfe ska ndar taxollsn Alman yazllsl
I IJ r /l.lfll mp m' 6. Ilpm'pIQHH/:>((' /(lI e" o. c. / 98.

~~

267

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..
Qofman haqqrnda meqalasinda va soma Bil" goncin qeydlori
po vestinda, daha sonr alar ise Do kte r Krup ov. Og ru sagsagan esarle rinda istifada etmisdi. Yazir z n n Alcksandr aU Im Se rq lad ma evirerok taxal lsu yaratnus. rm nn axmna-

dak masirlori va dostlan z aralan nda onu lskandar adlandrrmislar (Turgenev xatiralari nda : Qoqol yuqin ki. men im BI,>
linskiyo, Iskonde ra mnasibet imi bilird i); Ho Fcpu cn - HeK311nep a ce Gb CT B CBOJlX H3,naHIDI X. 60n MIO GhL'T ( GOJIb IUOii iKall-

110).

Trk me nsol i texal lslardan ara -sim. ye ri golondo x susi

meq sodla istifada cdihnosindon shbot gcdirso Puskinin lnd i

istanbulu yr ka firla r sc'ri ni va sa iri n bu se 'ra atdlgl irnza da

naze ra almmah drr. Bu se'ri sair rus-tr k mharibosi gcdis inda
rus ordusunun terkibinde T rkiyoye sa fa ri osas mda yazdig: Orzuruma sayaha b (1829) ese rina alava edera k onu tubii grnma k xatir ina Y cni a ri Dmin oglu unun adma IXl r.
Meshe r orientalist, professor, tarix, Ilologiya va ~,I]"(1 ctnoqrafiyasma dair asarlerin mc lli f O.i.Scnkovskinin (<<Dll ll]m OTCKa Jl JIJi LfTCIIII C) jum ah 1834-c ildan Scnkovskinin rcdaktorlugu ila ixirdt) bir nca texal ls olmussa da onlardan ba'zilari onun sa rqsnashq faali yyat i iln baghdir. Bcle te xollslordon
biri - Ttn og! u Mustafa aga xsusi meqsa dlu bagh 01mu~du . O.Scnkovski CcBCplla51 nl..j cnac!a (1827- 1828) l1uqiqi
tiirk tilosofu Ttn oglu Mustafa <J ganlll moktuhm>llu Il a ~r
ctdirir. Bu yazJ va imza onunla baglt idi ki, hu Z:lman Qcss1crin
Ruslann mallayi haqqmda), kitahl l x m J~ cll . Scnkovski Qcsslerin kitablllda 3rabdilli m<:mbulrda n torcma cdilm;jk vcrilm i ~ sit<1 tlardakl y a ll h~ hq la n grr ViJ Z iradl;1l"l l1 l1l dii7giinliiylina, m'tabrliyinv inam yaratlllaq lll\lCJsad il'l kilah IWqqllldl1
z ra'yin i Ttn og lu l\Iusl afa aga 1> kimi il]I/.,d'1J11 1 ~ d l
Tabii ki. rus dilli taremaiya nisbiJtnll hnr hansi tiirkn ;:lr;)lyazi sma nu daraeacla bOJ I;)d old ugu m'lumdur.
R us dlinda olan taxa llsla r haqqlllda durin H l sambalh
ladqiqlar a panlll~ .Masanova grOJ kc.m asr ill ~" rq~ ll as nlimi
ctnoqraf N .S . L l ko~n 165 texal lsd>-tn, daha dognlsu. imzadan
""'~

2(.8

istifado ctmisdir. Hu roxe llslar iorisindo onun btv silsila

trk tuxul ls luri diqqa ti xsus i ce lb edir: Axmet, Bia ra , jrim bet, Mansur Kasabaycv. Mirsao (Mirsa b-gcca qarovulusu, zabiri), Mrid, Ta ms, Xobord ar. Xalis, Xatam-Tai (Hata m-Tai Sorqde aliatqlrhq , soxavatlilik simvolu).
XIX esrin sonlc n nda yu moristik jumal!arda y ksa k titul
va rtbolerin btv diskrcditasiyasi baslayrr. Onlann iinda Xa n
Tnn - Trava da var idi.!
V.P.Burcnin Qraf Alckss Jasminov taxalls alunda yazrrd r Y .B (' k l clll i ~ cv K mm a be slediy i sevgiya g ra Y .Knmov
kim i moshur idi. Yaztt Fyodor QJadkov isa Zabay kaly cda

maIlim isle yird i va Ql.Baykalov adr alunda yazirdi.

XIX osri n tanumus sair le rinda n olan Pyotr isaycvi Vcynbcrqin (1831-190 8) satiralarr ila yanasi ham da yaxsr dsnlb
tap d m l ~ vu ycrinu d son toxa llslerina g ra da yadda qahrdr .
Hela sc'rlurdan bir nca siu i (e Kaluqada xoba rlar 0 , Kaluqnh mrid

V,)

Ma lun ud A rxalu kidzes ta xall s la ri iln imzala-

rr nsdr. O. bu imzalarJ a bu znman Kaluqada srgn hayan keirou msnlm anlan n azadhq harakatnun baseist Seyx Samillo
bagh hadisa lora Z yaxrnhguu - mehramliyini bildirirdi. Hom
du rus dilindoki trkizmlar sirasm d a ox islok vahid olan ar-xalub> lgevi vahidindun soyadt kimi yalmz satirik moqsodla is tifado cdirdi. Yaztr Q.P.Danilcvski zna qadm adi uydurub gtrd.2 Qadlll azadlJ gl masoliJsina aid (XIX asdn ortalann da
qac!J1l probIcmi) rus dvri matbuatl sahifalarindiJl1 dii ~mrd)
ynzeilgl AnnoKarCTBo )KCHIUIHDf (<<Qadmlanll vakilliyi)) pocll laS llll ilH0!1 m m ~a k i ll,hJ Ycvqclliya Sa r afa nova taxalls ila
i l11 za Ia 1l1 ! ~ (1J r.

;1

Tuxnlliislvr;) llliinasibvtda .iv1.Y.Lcrmontovun lllvqeyi sabit O ll1l 11 ~d u r, ~<lir tuxOJlIiislOl ra bigana qa ( lll1~d l r. Lakin 0 yaradlCll g l bnYll ap ()Ill n llltl ~ biitn ~c'r1 <:lri n i Lcnn ontov kimi illl ~
zah.)'lnllsa dOl im'1.i iJ k ~c'r1 ;)rin i qr. Diyarbakif) t<Jxalls ilo
; ( :"I/CI (IIlf "'IH

,I

I/r m,,/mJlI/CI.::W llfJjlhI.l IlCC6d o m l., /tlfi. c ./27.

.' .1, 1/ ( )-I I(I ' '''ICI.::II 'i . . /

H<)

"(' )l n<f(l , (m'!>(,_l / l'/l/l bn! P .\'CCI.::" l' qXUUliIlIll. C.

"'"

269

"'"

/37.

-== ==--

r
(Diya rbak ir vatandas r) imzalanusdt. Bu imza harrun illurda Qafqaz va Trkiya rnharibalori naticasi ndu gene sairin ycn i lka lara va mvzulara maraqlantu aks ctd irirdi. Daimi xarakter
alan rus -trk mnaqisalari naticasinda bela adlar aruq uzaq , anlas m az yox, aksina yadhqlanm , zgoliklerini saxlamaqla hor
gn csi dilan szler idilor.
Y cn iyctma Qorki texallso meyl gste rir, aynca Bashk
trk szn bu mo'nada ikinci ad kirui - Pcskov familiyasr.n
yerine isletmak istayirdi .! Bi ldiyim iz kim i, rus dil indo haslrk
trkizmi iki mo'nada zn gstarir: 1. Geyim-st paltaruun basIJgJ, kapyuson . 2. Starosta, bahqthq isin da reis, basi Volqaboyunda usaqhg: va gancliy keon yazrr bu ma'nada gtrldkda ox g m an ki, ikinci me'nada zne taxalls gtr rd .
San at kann sexsiyyetini rama mila gizlotmak, ouu btu
subhelerden kanarda saxlamaq - odeb i is tccrbesi gsta rir ki,
taxal lslar dan au ox da bu maqsadla istifado cdilmisdir. Bunun
cn ilk bax isdan anlasrlmaz gornun trk monsa fi taxalls lur
scnzurlarm diqqatini azd iran ahamiyyatli vasito ohuusdur.
Rus yazirst Harna r - Dabanovun kcon asrin ortalannda
(1842) yaz rb ap etdirdiy i srrf ifsa xaraktcrli Qafqazda
saxtakarl rqlar roman i birbesa ar yksek dairalarinin buradakr
zbasmal tqla rma ha sr cdilmisdir. Bundan qabaq romanm be'zi
hissala rini J)n6JlJIOTCKa JJ:n 5I LITCIlHe juraalmdan oxuyan ar 1
N ikol ay horbi nazir crmscve demisdi: Biz hc bir zarnan
Qafqazi tanuunnus iq. Bu yazll bizi m gzlarimizi adI. Yazll
ha m ar-D abanov aslinda Lainova (qlzhq fmniliyasI: ~ela~niko
va) E. P . idi. Onun vri Qafqaz cani:;;inliyi daflarxanasmda quUL.q
cdi rdi. Bela uydullna>l taxallslarin lsil sBbbi siyasi :;;urait v ,~
scnzor ~artiliyi, qadagalan Ha bagh idi. HamaI" daban BUlyatiyada byk dag silsillsinin adldlL Sibi rin, Orta Asiyallin (Trks tanm ) ycr adlannl11 bir oxu Azarbaycanda oldugu kimi ayanilik,
banzarlik maqs<Jdilo b;)d::m zvlorinin adr ilo (ba~ , burun, qol,
qoltuq, bogaz, d~ .. .) i:;;tirakl ila yaranml$dlr. Daban sz do
I

J1.Bai"m6ep. CmpaHUl/bi 60JlbUIOU JlClIJlill.lleniCKaH JllIIllepamJpa. kl.

""' ~

270

!vso. c. j 15

UlgVl t.hlb .dlarmut larkibindo M onqolustan va Bu ryati yada Y aman Daban, DOl1uZ Daban, Eren Daban, Hamar Daban, inda
Ulan Daban; Daken Daban, Turqen Daban; Y akut MR-da Sctte
Daban va s . soklinde ras t galinmakdedi r.
..
.Trk m ansoli texol tsler bed ii vasite rolu oy nayaraq tam
~slu b l meqsad ifado edir . Masa lon: A.cxovun masiri va ganc lik dostlanndan olan v .Gilyarovs kinin (1853 -193 5) islet diyi 83
te xe llus ierisinda Ag a, Mu rza imz alan da olmusdur, E lace do
sair, dra mat urq va ham de jumalist olan V.A. Qo rlitski J -dan
ox ra xcl ls is lotmis. onlarda n iz um r ud ov va Piskun pa$a tiirk
munsalidi r
R us ictimai-siyasi va adabi ca m iyya tlarinda tr k ad lan nrn
tez -tez grnmas i ile yanasi, bu adlar m maraqh ekzotik xarakteri
sobebiy la belo adlara 'g cl mey l va r id i. IJ Yckaterinamn rahberliyi altmda nesr clunan Bc51Ka5l BC5lLIUH 3 j urn alrnrn omak?a~lan aria da tlaxi l olmaql a, dernek olar ki, hanusr gizIi
imzalarla IXI~ cdirdila r. Bun lann ar asmda trk ad lan braqim
va K unn arnet imzalanndan da istifada olunmusdu . Trk adlan na
aludo iiik IJ Yckatcrinanm ta bintinde de zn g sre rirdi. Badii
y~radlellIqla Ja .mntvzam mosgul olan imperatria- yazt i ar
oglu Xlor eserinda qrrgrz-oavsaq xammn qizmm g zol obrazrru
yaratmisdi.
"
.
Kean esrin rus ya zr rsr So kolova \AI~ksandra 'ivano~~~
(1836-1914) btn yaradrcrhgi bo yu u b u kova .va Anfisa de
ubu~ova texalls iarindan istifada etmisdir. Qeyd etmak lazrmdIr kl , tDxellslarin asasmda duran tr kizmler rus dili leksikaSlllda ?~ni~ ~<:lkild<J i:;;la nma kl a zn6 m hkvm yer tutmu~
dur. Rus chlmdo llbllb, trkizm ina, asasa n no minati v ma'nada
rst gelirik: KH~IrlIllC nOJ\a.rm Tpy6KY c JJ:JIlIHHhIM tICpclllIIeBb1M
LIy6yxOM (T.DacceK. 113 ,UaJIJ,l:IhIX JICT); AnOJlJIOHapui1 6 p aJI
1 0.JlL K.O t1y6Yl{ liJ nlTapy . .. (H .JIccKoB. ilyraJIo). ubuK>1 kj~
mi adl , hatta Ghemiyyetsiz gliinan mai~at :;;yasll1l1l adull bi larakdan kbar fransl z familiya hssaciyi dc va A nfisa kimi
sad8 .xvlqi q~~dlll adllu birlikd8 i~Ivtll1vsi ila or ijin at va maraqh
vda bl tax,)llus yarannll~dJr. Dny a mad an iyya tina aid hadisa
"'"

271

"'"

'"?b='

o lan toxa lls ag lag o lmo z. qey ri-adi, .1111111<1 to bii s zlo rin komp leksind a n da dog a bilar. LA . Vaskov z fanufiyasu un bas harfla rind an istifada et makla al u s zlk tnxel ls ynmdrr. Vaskovun
'a xa lls Va li - Po " a - Sax - KIZI\ - Oq h - Verdt ol musdu.'
a srimi zin avvallarinda Bakt qozet mdo islnmis .S .S lartscvin V OX)) , K .M .Ro zenin A y Bulnt, tammms sair S.a.Marsakm Sa t r o v- (sater-adrr). .P. Matlcvi n Manau Re KYPlJIoKona kimi qadm roxolls (xropnyx-quyruq) maraqh im zal ard ir.
Art iq I8-ei osrdo Rusiyada qadim Romahlan tuq lidla " Iaqa dar alava fam iliya lar mcydana gu lmaya baslayir. Fa xri ad ta ltif, mkafat kcyf iyya tinda o lan b u adla r ras rui f miliyaya
o lavo ed ila re k isladilir, aru q ha min sexs in da.';i ldlgl familiyaya
cvri lirdi. B cle fami liyalan ha m in saxsin s hre t tapdrg i yc rlorin
ad lan mn qosulmast ile a laqadar id i: qraf Alckscy Orlov- csm cn skiy, Aleksa ndr Vasi lycvi Suvo rov- R nu nikskiy . Rumyal.llscv-Zad u n ays kiy, Do lqoruk ov- K rnu skiy. Dib i-Zah a lku nskiy.
Paske vi-E rlva nskiy, M urav yov-A m u rs kiy. N cMuravy c v- Kn rs skiy va s. R usiya mn byk harb xadimlari t rk yer adlaruu .~a m iliya kimi qa zanaraq d asmu sl ar.
.
1775-ci ilin yaymda Rusiya z az ablanu a 5011 verdikdan
soma sine dol usu ne fes ahb b yilk bayrama hazrrlasrrdi. RusTrk rnuharibe si qa libiyyet le base a tnus , Pol sa ilo apartlau milhariba da oyu nlar udulmus; Rusivan. iindan ycyen . onu Iaxlntmag a, Ylxm aga yna lnl1 , sovc t va rus tarixil8r inin kand li mh arib a si ad land lrd lq lan, a slindv hqll'1 \311 t,lpdahm an kazakla rm
va ariz min sJxl ~d l rd lgl yc rli tUrk-ta tar xalqlal111 ln Rus lllljJcriaIizm ina q ar~l apa rdl g l nvba ti sila h ll miib ariziJ - Jlu'Iaov sy an l
amans lzl lqla y at1rdl(m l ~dl ,
Moskv a g rii n me mi ~ scvi nc va c h ti ~aJnl a q lb \llnrin {vlltunsina h azll-la ~,m d l. Paytaxt Peterb urq ol sa d a. q a c1 im m s an '03llnl;:lf in'l gra ba yra m la r, tarixi akt lar qud im rll ~ paylaxllJlda
iera o lunm ah id i, Sada xalq da Illcydanlarda, k ;:~ l a rd<) .t.J o Yll n c a
I Bi1.\": A . B Cyl1epm/C"aJI , A . n ( ) OC}looo. C 06('f'.1f( '/fllNe I'y CO(//('

"}(I.mUI/II,

c. 139

YCITI<lYu va bo l se raba qon aq ed ilirdi . Bu tadbi rlerden a n ,y~dd~

q ulam iso R us-T ur k mh aribesinda sh ra t tapmts harbiila rin
tal rif id i. 11 Yckatc rina o nlan sa xavat la ka nd la r, mlkla r, va rd vla tla mkafatlandr rm aqla yanasr, bu gene ra llan s hra tli titulla rla te lrif ctd i.
'
csmo ( csma) b uxtasmda t rkla ri darmadag m 'ed e n va I
daroca li M qod dos Geor gi orde nina layiq g r la n Arahq d e nizi
flot u ko me nda m Alckscy Qriqoryevi Orl ov esm cn sk i titulu
ila ta lti f o luna raq Cesmens k i ad tm dasimaga bas lad t.
Ru siyan m znn basladrgi, lakin so nd a azilarak ma glub
oldu ou K m m m h ariba si nda ik inci or du kom andaru knyazVasili M ixa ylovi Dolqoruko v mharibanin ilk ay lan nda mveq'In ti ugurla r qazanaraq K mm ya n mada snu tutduguna gra
Geo rg i or d eni kavaler liyi ilo ya n a ~ 1 Krim ski titulu d a qazamr.
Qvard iya gcncrah qr af Paskevi Ivan 'Fedorovi (1 7821856) Rusiyaya Azarbaycan torpaqlan o lan N axiva n va Ira van
xanhq lan m q azand ird rgma g ra Rusiya n ugurlu va a lveri sli
Tti rkm un ay slh ud en so ma qra f E r iva nsk i tituluna layiq g rlmsd .
.,
Trkl e rte vu ru sda va m haribanin ugur lu na tica lerina g -

rn Rusiya qars rsmda b y k xi dmatleri c lan Pyot r Alcksa ndro vi

R um yantscv (1725- 1796) Larq a va Kaqu lda parl aq qa lab a lar
alm is vu no hayat Ru siya n sa rfa li Kk-Qayn arc a s lh nn ba g lanma s111da Ol1un mi silsiz ro lu q iy ma tla ndirila ra k im perat eri a IJ Y cka teri lla ta rafinda n Rusiyanm mxta lif yerl erinda
torpaq VQ mlk lerla, pulla , alm azla, ord enla , haUa saghgmda
hcyk oli qoy nlm aq la bel o, m kafat1an d mlmaqla yana~ l, ~orafl,i
bir ada - Zad lln ays ki tituluna layiq g r lr.
T rk etuos adlan (ta')'fa, llJsil , so)', uruq, millat ad la,rJ)
p,

Rus bDd ii djli nd'~ trk, tatar xalq ad lan yla yana~ 1 pee neq ,
skif (iskitJ/saka), hun , xazar/xozar , ql rg lz-qaysaq, monq oC ba~
q urt, kahmk , q l zl! ba~ va s. kim i bu d ilda artlq badii ' a larla r,
y ksak cm osiona l sac iyya q aza n m l ~ trk tay fa, xa lq, birlik ad-

-====-_ '!i;> 5A:.=>

273

'!i;>~

I.

lanna rast gul irik. Btv tayfaya, xalqa aid clan ma'navi vo Iiz iki keyfiyya tla r bu ctnon imlnr in rus udauiyyat mda tam simvollasmasmd a rol oy narm sdt r. Bu hal ctnoni mlarin se ciyye vi mi llimanavi xsusiyyenerinin mumiles din lmosile baghd rr. Olim ki,
Z islakliyin a va rus bodi i di lindo m vqcyin a gm trk ctn onim la ri zn n tarixi -informasiya imkanlan daira sinda ye ni-y oni
badii alarlar, ferqli cmosiyal ar qazana bilmi sdi r.
"jo-I;' Ru slar a n oxu tata rlarla i-ie, yaxmhqda yes anus lar. bu
z de rus tefakkrnda z izini qoy musdur. Heyatm m birinc i
yansmda byk mahrumiyyatla rla zlosmis rus yazicrsi M.Qorki hamin -d vra aid msahidolerinde tatarlar haqqmJ a bclo qa -

naa ta ga lirdi; .. , 6 bJn O CK)"-IIIO,

yiir u

XOTCJlOCb

11 TaTapCK)'10 Cl IO-

ony, r n e jf(HByr xaso -ro oco fi e u no ii. '-III CTOn n OTl I OH jf( l l3l1bl O

no ponyun u ae,
jK eHU blM
JiX

naCKOBbl C

pyccxmr

.aoayr

JIOCb,. '-ITO

no

rOBOp .sIT CMC lJJlIO IICK3-

nC'-IepOM e BbI e OKI!X MlI HapC TOB

crpaumue ronoca

B M e '-lCTIl

y rara p

mOJlU; 011I1

.sI3hl KOM ;

M)'Jll.311 110n, M ll e Jl YM a -

ernc,
paJlYCT "IClUI (M.rop!>-

BCH jf( H3Hb nOC TpO CHa JIl Ia'I C, II C3Ha KOM O

He, ~OXOK C Ha TO,: "{TO .sI an ato JI 'HO HC

Kuil. MOIi YHllBcpClITeTbI).

z s inas inde qad im Ski f madani yya tini , oguz-qipaq nisana lari ni, Q iz rl Orda epoxasunn da yarlurini va nail iyyor lori ni va
a n ox da ta sa vvrlera kei b da slasan qa dim bir irs i saxlayan yasadan Rusiyamn daha se nraki sakinlari asr-esr hor an qarsrlasd.l qlan, obycktiv tarixi realhql ann tczahrlarin i l.. ba dii yad d a~
larinda saxlamaqdadlf. Masa len: He np IlBH3IiB:l5l, OCTaJloiUUI Dil
1' " ,,; ,.
"
"
J10 lll aL(h IIc,uaneKo OT KOlliOU IlI H, Y CTOTIYLl.OBorO KaMCllIloru KOIp ~lTa}' 1l0XO)f(ero 'u CKIH!ICKYIO rpofi llllUY (t YIIJIJI , X OpO lU IIX
J

Kp o ncih.

,, ~<.r rk kalmas.inin ilk quila nma si m iladdan nca 1328ci

ild;) in tarixind;) (Tuk iu ~ a k l j n d ;) g lii l m ~d r. T.:u ixil ar trk
,ka1rn.?sinin get, qlivva tli ma'naslIlI da~ l d lg llll bir qayda olaraq
q~bu .I :{:d irl a r. Trk ad l ilk dnamlord a balirli hir to plulugull,

qavmm isminden ziyadc, siyasi mnsubiyyati bal irlayn bir keli-

me ola raq g rlmck dcdi r. VI ' yzi llikda taru q 'd vla t ad r cl araq
ilk do ra Gy Trk dvloti kimi ta;ixda adCakiIir,.liJ' j ,r, rn.vuxi
Av ropad a erarmzm VII ' es rinda arnq'wtrk s znn-izal
hma cahd cdilm isso da. .. russalnarnalari nda bu'ctnonim'985-ci

ildon grnmoyo baslayir - dnepretratrklarm siyasi-ittifaqt, trk men sol i kari xalqlar ma'nasuu'bildirmekle ba~laYlr)
T rklor ctnonimi takca oguz yox':digor' trk tayfalarinin adiru '
bildirart murnila sditi ci adlan ifada ctmayaxidmat cdirdi .!'! 11111
Blaqova yena hami n ~aqaI asi nda" tatan> 'etnonimi haq-

qmda yazrr ki, qadi m za m<1 nlardan'!tatar -ladf in'tarixileriue

tc kco monqollan bildinnirdi , 0 'ham'da trklar i,' mancurlan .jun!
quslan bildirort mumi bir tcnn in"idi: IHu'm de'bunlarlatyanasr:
ingiz xanm isgal: mharibolarinde'rahborrn vqc 'tutan' aynca
monqol tayfasmm adrm bildirmeyo' de xidrnat edirdU 8sil mon':'
qoll nr dcdikda iso bun unla yalntz'rahbarlik ede n veqosunun cal
m olan monqollar nezerd o tutul urd~ . 4 ' d l ~l(fdl ;,; 1 " in'}:;! ;;hrnl::j; ll "j
Rus (xristian) te fakkrnde trkatar):gcl'va hamda
son hadd d~rvea sin da gtrlon b.ir daimimqayisedlr:
tnol
niminin isledilmesinda cla bir ckspress ivlik' elda edilirkivbum]
he bir adi s z!o vcrmak mmkn deyi l.tA .Ostrovskiniri (<<Xo~.1
boxt gn esorinda (Saudtreva): Hy, Ta~ ~'lIaTe :)Ke ;' 'iT O BLI 1XyJ.
)KC UCRKoro 'rypxa . T CM BCe-TaKJI 'npOCTIITeJ1bHO; Va ~ ;yXu'd :
lbrcnmmnxy naure no-rrenne , JI)'K :U crpeny BaM:.. IA- n on .;.
pacr acrc , odmucpu nOC1)7IIITC, T)'PKe ' ronosy cPY6I1Te Ul:OCTcnCKIllI. eeno CrCnaH'-IHKOBa 'H era I oGuTaTcnH)Y(Bilin-; ki;lsiz
hm hans! bir trkdan da pissiniz. Onlan 'lyena I da 1bagl$lamaq
l
oI3r: olllar xristian deyillar ; Ad gnnz I11barek! Ox va kaman
sizin ndr. Byi.iyarsiniz zabit'olarsllllz; trk ba~l - kasarsiniz):
Rus atal ar sz va masallarin tarkibinda '<<3a~lIIpllnc,i ' 6LI CITyp '
t
'!'.Lf{I"
.111'0/; r ,! /

Bu

f TlirJ:fJrih indc A zen/cr, HafJlAbdemiJcr Baslflel'l; Yen

s.J.
',;.
i,.

Lcl'~~(, Istanb~/,) 19i:

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. .

'

HII1i'0l1 0 r (/J. BaplfOH/IIllblf :JOUIfC/II60l10mlJf nIlQP OKmlOpK 6 p yco:o .u Jl:JblKe . B KN ,

f"'."~O'W" II~ eCKlIU C60PIIIIK 1972. M., I< /iOYKO, 1973, c.95-96.
' ;:"',' ,' !
~
. bOL'KilIW HA . T/OPKCKWI JleKCllKQ (1 "O oee 0 n Ol/ /\)' If?OpC6CJ>, c.59
[a ;',: j;
4Bl3qomQ.F. G.~ron/8niJS8r,s.IOI.I02.
I, ,' !,t.\~, (,,1"'1' !:"".O 1,,'1 dlui:;

(1;>,

275

~ "t>:=

-=====--

'

...
KOM, Ta K uaps HC BCn UT r noso hndo ircniya ila in s a m u iradasiixtiyan z alinda olmamaqla haua qcyri-adi addtmlar ata bilan
insan [tiirkla bansmagin qcyri-mmkn!y): - yo'ni mendan
olsaydi, lap trkle bans ardun - rnasoli daimi dsmon obraznu
y radib cartlandtra bilmisdir, Trk (tatar) ctnonimi xalq mosall arinda ebadi dusmen qiymcti nda istifada olunur: Adarmn qay giSIZ, sadalvh hareke tlari barodo: Dur, tatar, qoy qilmcmu ixanm ( nOCTO, T3TapIlH, JlaB ca6J11o Bblllyrbl/oTTaIIllTh).
T rk-tatar ctnonirnleri rus bad ii dilinde be'zi farqli fiziki
cah etlari ifada eda bilir. Bir sira hallarda tam irqi xsusiyyetlor
ifada cdilirsa (Onun yamnd a cnlikrok, alaq almh , qlYlq tatar
gzl qtrx yasmda bie kisi dayannusdi). (i.Turgenev. M gcnnilar - daha ox bunlar estetik ovqat a xidme t ctrnali olm.
Tatarllqlrglz gzi ifada si bcnzotmo prcdmcti olaraq gzn
ra ngini, quru lusunu va s. bildirir. Ruslara xas ola u va onlann
arasmda genis yayrluus mavi gzlerin oksino olaraq (mavi gz
sakitiik, eyni zamanda soyuqluq, bigane lik, bo'zi hallarda zahmhq ifada edirsa ) qara gz ler rlgmhq . cosgunluq, od-atos. caziba
kcyfiyya tlarina rnalik olmaqla gza lliyi oyanilosdire n vasita
olm: Vox, yox, rica edira rn , glmayin, - dcya Anna zabita znn qeseng, her is tatar gzlorini szdrorok sa u-sen dcdi
(A.Kupr in. Narg jla bi larz ik) . Trk/ztatar ifadosi farqli , da rin
I11a'navi - oxlaqi kcyfiyyat V;) xslIsiyyotlnri hm hansi bir digm
sz qvd;)f cazibadar icm eda bilar: cxov Qorkiya z cvindvo Yaltadan yazlrdl (18 mart 191-ci il tarixli mklub): CKOpO IJ y
Bae Beena, HaeTOJlWaJl pyecKaH, a y lIac YIKC Kphl MeKaJl BeCIJn B
caMOM paJrape; 31{CJ11 JIaR BccHa KaK KpaCHUa51 TaTap Ka - JIIo6oBaTCR MOlKIl O, H BCC MOlKIlO, Il O JIIo 611T IlCJlh3}[ szlari1;) bah afin da Mahaml11ad dinli tatar qlZI kimi no qudLlr gzul olsa da
uzaqhgl111, ;)Iatmazligllll, ziiniink oimadlgllll, yadlJgllll gsta rmak istayir.
Qeyd edi3k ki, trk, tatar ctlloniml;) rinda gizlnan infonnasiya gcl va hartarufli olmaqla bu infonn asiya zndo tarixi,
siyasi hadisala ri comlo.$d i nll i~di vi,) xalqm. lkvJ1 in hvyatmda
ciddi rol oynadlgma gra trk-tatar ctllonimluri xalqll1 qavrama

sav iyyosine va dsnca terzine uygun olaraq fcrmalasaraq esa- '

(,
son manfi alarlarda metoforik imkanlar qazanrmslar.
Tatar adr rus badii dilindo metaforik seviyyade bir nca
scmamik saxode msahid a olunur. Bu sz mqayisa meqsadi la
dsmon, allahsiz kimi alaldrct meqamda islodilir. L'Tolstoyun
Kazaklar osorinda zabit Oleninin xidma tisi Vanyuska ev sahiblorinin laqcydliyi va acrdilliyinden sikayatlanarak agasina
dcyir: Allah haqqr. bunlar tatardan betardilar. Bos yers xristian
saytlul ar. Tatarlar bunlardan ne cibdirler . Burada moqsad qonsu
tatarlarm (ahvalat Simali Qafqazda bas vcrir) ma'navi-axlaqi stnlyn gostorma k dcyil, burada natieed e tatam sz alaldiCl mqayisoya yardrm cdir.
,
cxovun Jfrite hekaya sinda pot isisi z azab h, atin
isi haqqmda hc rnurdar tatara da bela heyat arzularmzdim, deyir. i.B .Buninin Yad taraflarda hekayosinde bu sz dinsiz,
allahsiz anlanunda islenmisdir: Biz de tatar kimi bil' dafa da kilsedo olmadrq. Leskovun Quldur hekayasindo yol gedan kendIi acmdan zlms bj r qaqm (fera ri) as gara rast ge lir, Kandli
ondan rok istayan bu badbaxti z qorxusundan vurur, belke
da ldiirr. Uir ox zaman keendan soma isa z qorxu hisslerini beli) anladir: Bic dahsata dsdum ki, ulu tann hc zalnn tataj.
I
,
ra da gstarmosin.
Tatar sz, bununla yanasr, vah si, l1adan, barbar anla
Y I ~ I arll1a ckvivalcnt kimi cmosional alarda da i ~ladiJmi~dir.
Qoqolun Tras 13ulba)) TOmam nda: 0 kp;)k oglu neea kazakdlc
ki, t"tar kimi ogurluq edir? - cmlesinda tatar banzatm predlllcti olaraq irkin i$la rin ekvivalcntinB cvrilir. A.F.Piscmskinin
Min dvJl(J caJl) Tmalllnda madani yyatsiz, cahil, zb a~lI1a dastB, siirii kimi (Il1 ;) lliJ~l in sinifdaki $agirdlrB mraciatindu) i ~ la
dilir: Ah, siz haba$'lm! Tatar ordasl! Sakit, Sussh). Qcyd edak
ki, rus badii dilinda h "ba~ (cfiop) dcyimi bir qayda olaraq ,
znn qara irkin kcyfiyytlari la SY$ xaraktcrli sabit mctaforalardandlr Vu bu ~ura i tda tatao) (ordasl) hemi n ifadaya tam sinonim olaraq isldilmi$dir.

-======- "'" %='

277

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-=====:....:..,

Tatar s z ila bagh xarakter keyfiyyatlur rus xal q atalar

sz va ma sall ar inda hi fz olunmu sdur: agmlrmllnJ$ qo naq
tatardan da pisdir; Vuxtsiz qonaq tatardan , ba111 ay gale n qonaq
d'al 'buynuzlu :seytandan pisdir: Osgerle ima, tataria da rok
kesme 'va s. I Azorbaycan ndnbiyyatmda da M.F.Ax undovun
Hac i Qara :komediyasmda rus naa lnik (m is): - Tata r teyfasr
tarnam ya lanr olar qen aet ine golir.
11' 1;
Rus dilinde rnenf crnos iyalan bildirmok n IllUrZ::1
(fcod al) - tatarlar haqqmda s ys: basurman - xabis, na rarni z
ad am ' me'n as md a genis islun rn a kda dir. Bu tosavvriln yaratub
sabitlesmosi 011u111a izah olunur ki, birincisi, rus xalqtnm monqol- tatar esare tina va 011U11 to'si redici naticalarina oxe srlik qau
nifreti; ' ikincisi, trk -kcriler haqq mda xatiralor ki , ruslar arasmda sadece tata r adlamrdi lar.!
":: Trk ctnoniminin istedilm esinde cia bu szn nce
ekzotikliyi n plana cekilir: Pub lika z h aremi nde zga kisi tutmus 'trk kimi hay -ky sahrdt (A .cxov. Mos kva ha yatuu n
qmnttlan) - trk n namu su, qrsqanclrgi kimi ilgm ps ixoloji
hall arla (h ar h alda ragbat g sterilasi hallar) rnqayisada publikanm hay-ky; ' qalmaqal salmasmda aya nilasdirici ba dii vasita
kim i I X I~ ctm isdir .
Y cnilmis/zmaglubcdilmis trk (aauoeeannu -rypx) ifadosi rus badii nes rinde yazrq mo'nasmda istchzah . kinayal i
mazm un dasryan va diger le ri kimi adebi-ba dii dilin btn aglan nda rastlanan ifada dir: nun qad rnt rus d ili pro fcssoru Alla
a rinin sa hvlarini dzaldir va . . . vaxtasm al ava cdirdi : Ah sani
yenilmis trk (Q.Litvinov a. A mcrika h rus lam meqalos i, Bax:
Ham e OBpeMeHHHK) j urnalI, 1992, Nl.! 12, s. 124).
A ~ ag l dakt misallarda trb) ctnoniminin m8caz yaratmasl
trk xalqlan nm etik normalan, adat -an 'ana lari ila baglJd1f: E3,llmm Ha Monwy W eB'LJCHKO, KaK Ty pOK B MeKKY (cxov. Suvorina maktub). Y axud, Ho apecToBaTb llITa6 - ocjmllcpa no O,ll I

I Jl. A. K y 6 G1i06Q, .l(lIQHCKIIlU1Nhl I1IIOPKCKO<' O npollcXOJKellllH 0311Q~mOllllie 1I1lIJO B

Kil,: TlOpKUJJ.lbl 6 (wcmO~IIO-Clla(jflHCI(U.T HJbIKG.X .

-== =-_~

278

M., /974,

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c _20 0 .

L
HUM II)Oll03pCI,I.IleM o :~n,JBaeTC a , KaKoH,TO Typ.elU~ H.H p,aq nPil B9,~
(B,cl)j aenC KMH. MOM apecr). X IX osrda .rus . kond teserr fatt
sahDs.in~8 ta tb iq olunruaga baslayan. Avrop~dan. ;gat'i!~il;ni~' rn~~
$lll-tXl1J~aS I AtUl3 Karenina eserininesas p,ers~n~jlan;ld~~
olan Lev111 temfind an zororli hal kimL inadla r.dd ' cdiJdikd~
onun bu baxis lan ibtidailiyi, mehdudlug~',qf\Xlml~d~nl trk , b ~~
xislan (-rYPcllKI1C mrnsn u) adlandrrrlrr..Boofiut e-rYP,~_~KHe '~ ;r~
nazu.r , - oparaacs KAIIHe, C YJlbl6KOif CK33aJI BCCJlO~~~HM (A~~ .
HaKapcmmaV Ir.).
"
. ' . ' :' ." " " . " " ~ "
" T rk sifatli (Type~Ka51 MOp~a)~il~i~~.'t,~~~ (H;q;!;;.~~~~~
~I,fH~ ifadalari SO~~$, t8hqlr. x.arakterlidir. Bu ifade lera. K uprinin
esennda rast golink. K upnnm Gcce .nvbes as e rinde h arbi
~{)net?a.n yoxia madan keca bilrnayen .tata r; ",sgara : -q~r~l: :~abiti~
~~latdlYl s ysda Axmaq trk. Trkrzl ~(l1,nH oT ..TYneU;K~fii.
.~ ~P:CI~KaJI MOp)~a); K adetlar o~arinda ,iki . rusun s ysmosi nda
lsttid~a. olunur: Te z ol. Man som burada grmeyi m, .trk sifatli,
!(u~n? l ~l ~g ~u.deb>, asari.nda ~(trk beli~) . (Typ~U~~: ,J,lOrai~~)
ifadasi tahqircdici ma nada isledilmisdir. . !' .r _ . .
..
.,' ..
Iqor alayt h aqqm da dasta na da i$l~n~~' tG';kiz~'I ~~' I ~ I;~~~'~_
dak!. (.(sabl'ya.>, (qI11J1C, qihncm bir nv) ox :~~man trk;},"' tn~-- '
011111 iln .~lrl.l~da(TYPCU;KaH ca6J~51) soyuq s~lah a d; kim(i$l~dili~.
I~~s b,~dlI d ~hnda . ? mcazi ~na'na~a qargl$? J?"',9 du~ , ~;~k ~q; tfu}
.s I LJ11 ~~1'1, qirguuna isarolanir: Sani trk qrhma gi()asan .CtIT06'c
106011 rOBOpHJl3 TypeI~KaJJ: ca6Jl51) F!Dostocvs l,<i.,I ller evindan qcydalur .
, '.', ,.
'L

, ,Y aztrlann..d iIj

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l~dD ta~arl~~~an t~~I~~~~ I.tti~~!.~~I~~~iI~~~J;i :~~l~~

I~r . <lfaSll,Hlak1 mU1IaSI?vt1a ~11l. yalrnz . ,? ir, ; ~a~a~ !1~ ! g~~, t.a r~~: bete,

h,)] .hald,] bIJ lllaqe l",nn daIllll, ha rtvr.vfli,cyni' zamiu1da.~idd ~

xab 8r verir.
R lls l~rh lllll\!n r ~1:a~111da dine va d*~~an :m~llasib.a,tla~ agl~g~i~
ll1DZ sur'<Jtla blr-blrtl11 avaz ed irdi ,l
. ,
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oldu.~ll~ldan
)

KO':loqoy.u n , .R~Yd' ;}etd{Y.i;:kl~i

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"J "", ,;; i; <:l/l t

J u yk.1l1 XVll l a.sr rus tanXI barada, qeY,d!am, ma,qalasil1da

rus an lk111 CI Y c ka tefl ~al11 hamin z~maI),1~rd,a i .~~$, .~e~6,n; !i~~B'~~~ '
,1 1 "

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279

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inq ilabuun d nya da ya rat drgi qanstq hqlardan istifada cda rok
T rkiyonin nafasi ni kasmam okda gnah land mr. On un fikrinca ,
Dunay ayt Ru siya iJs Trki ya aras tnda ha qiqi tebi i sa rha d ola
bilar; z sovi nis t nlanla nnda sa ir Pu skin istilai trk to rpa qlarmm harisi Ir Y ckaterina m da tb kearek z ideyasnun XO~

bahralarini gz nne gatirir: 0 zaman ki, Fransa inqla blIlll1

basl angicmda Avropa bizim ha rbi isl orimiza e mo li sakilde qa-

nsa bilmozdi va elden d sms Trkiye biza mqavimet gstar<?~

bilruez di, niya Yekaterina hu vacib plant hoyata kcirmed i. BUbizi ge leeek qaygtlardan azad cdardi. Bele teh qiramiz mnasibetlar mharibo aqressiyalanna da golib atirdr. Comiyyetin vil
hu manist nmayandasi olan yazi t bu bared e qan tkan ho r h anSI bir generald an geri qalnur.

Trklor, msalmaular ya ~a ya n , haminin oslinde - kknde trk lk hi ss oluna n Markuzi Rusiyamn yc rlosdiyi Asiya

qitasi rus badii tafakk iirnda her zaman geride qa lrms, ox snk va ibt idai hayat sarait ini n, ictimai miin asibnt larin mr srdy qapah , m e eh ul yer kim i xa rakter iza cdilir. Mo salan, rus
yazi ctsi ivan Vol nov Buninin na sr nsurlarinda rus kon dlisbu n
cahilliyi, modeniyye tsizliyi va yoxsullujiunu qabartqlasdirtna srlil beyanmir, bu desti-xetri rus milleuni alaltmaq meqsodi g ddyn syleyir: MbI ,UJIX nero - A3WI, na 'l:JCTBCpeHbKax )KHB Ct.l
(Dax: A.HIIIIOB. Mf'opxn 11 11B. Bynan, c.422).
Rus badii dilindo etnos adlan iindo skif adlO111 da xsusi yeri var. Burada m~ahida olunan ski6} adl slrf ba nzatma vasitasi olrnaql a kcmi$ tarixi lka (Skifi ya), xalq ViJ onun yet-kinliyi, mta~$akkilliyi haqqmda i ~af\) roln oynaYlr. Skif-Skifiya
rus tasavvriinda rcal tarixi anlaYl$lardlr. PU$kinin srgnda
yazdlgl $e'rlarinda Skifiya, skif sah iller i i ~ lvdilir va Qara dvnizin sahillarini (tarixi huqiqatlara UygUll $<lkild<l) na zard<l tutur.
CKlIcfJ sz rus hadii dilinda aksar hallardl vD h~ i, nah an g,
byk, qeyri-adi <lza mat anlammdadlr: m<lsalan , Bu Viclqorskinini Peterburqd ma$hur olan ansambh idi. .. . Skif konscrti
ilk daf<l olaraq 111<)n8 ayIlar lkasinin darin qar yarganlan nda
inc<)s8natin by k oazisini k<) $f etd> (<<de' Af$iakm qeyd lari .

<'i?> ~ 280 <'i?> ~

Bax: Qrcss man Unud ulrnus kitab); O nu n ogl u-Gettingen

rel e bc si Vi) q usar zab iti Pyotr Pa vlovi bu vo ya basq a islorda

znn duculli klari va skif hovosi ita mashur idi (P. Vyazem ski. Qeyd de ftor e si); rus badii dilinde <OKa)f{,lla CKI1<!JcKaX
birlesmosi (mo s: Puskinin ~p)'3hXM se'rinde) z bt vluy ila
sabit bir las rnayo yaxui lasrr.
I .
" ~ .l: ~ ;
Skif) dahi Si-mat korifeyi anlanunda rus ya~llst' l.Turge"ncvin ha qqmd a isle dilmi sd ir. Fransiz yaziisr Flober Jorj Sanda
yazirdr: Hu skif na adanums? (Bax. . Typreaen n BocnOMH,HaIHI .\IX eOBpCMeJll-lHKOB) l.Bunin znn yaratdrgi i kandli
obrazlan haqqllld~ onunla hcat edan yazii L.Andreev<l gcl
obraz barosinda L. Tolstoy un yaratdrgi Z gala ilahi le san.P laton
Kara taycv obrazrm.naznrda tutaraq bu sura ti nehengliyine, qeyri-adi bykty no gra skif adlandtnr: 5I 3HaIO, KaKHeTc6e 'MY)[mKH uyacru . Tc6c TIJIaTOHa Kaparaeea nO,1J;anai-iMHCTW-IeCKHX
CKl1lIJOB, fior onocnon! (Bax: M.rOphKHH 1I 11.B.O)'HHH, c.445). ,.
Bu sz n badi-infonn asiya yk takce bununla llmr.
Skif Turg cncvin Ora fa romanmda madani , sivil xalqlara
qarst qoyularaq z vqsz, kobud anlamlannda isledilmisdir. (Subin): Bil' aya bax, elo bil biz zna e ko co kdir. Qedim yunanlar onun nim fa kimi anlayardtlar. Amma biz yunan deyilik axi,
Biz -qahndarili skiflo rik.
',:''', ., '
Skif sz asagidaki situasiyada da maraqhdrr: Danilevskiuin Yannus Moskva romamnda frans rz ordu generalr Mratla sh ba tinda zabit Perovski Moskvaya iki yz ildan beri yadelli ayagl doym ad iyin xatlrlayanda general Mrat ana Moge
bz vah~ iyi k, Skifik? - dcyv ona cavab verir .
" i
Skif>~ adrnrn burada xattrlanmasl ' frans lz gcnerahnm Z
lori ni mad ani sayaraq vaxtI il<) QIZI! Orda vu Klflm basqmlar
ilv Rus dvlvtill<) Z g<)li ~lar llin f<)rqini gst annak ist<lyr. " :J
F.Dostoyevskini n Netoka Nczvano va povestinda day
balaea bir qlZ1 .eozalandlrarkan onun h<)ruketi lI~aga hamili
edan knyaz t<)wfindan skiflik kimi d<lyarl<lndirilir. Yazl
u$aqla siz na etdiniz? Hu v<l h~ i likd ir, Dsil vah~;jlikdir, skiflikdim .

r oaopu r . (S ax: Jl. H .ToJTCTOii

KOB,

nocnoxnn.auuax CllllpCMC'III1i1-

c.I I ).

QlTgIZ etnonim i heyat tnrzi, doy ismez an'anu rumzi kimi

da islanmi sdir : On no-rm nero )Ka311 H b n pOJKlIlJ no ua TaK. KaK
x nprns 8 KJleTKe : Ge3 COfiCTOClIIlOCTH 11 Ge3 )KeJJaHl UI cc Il MCTb ,
Ge3 BC.sIK IIH yaocre 11 6C3 norpcnocru na 111I X. (Fcpucu. Bu]]OC 11 )].yr.fhm).
Dilda gct-gede bu szn bodii-slubi mvqcyi arnq yeni
istiqamat ahr. Puskinin dilindo bu sz qirgrz-qaysaq sc'rcikla ri
ifadasinin terkibinde natal11 3111, ala -yanmiq yazr, ctzmaqnra
ma'nasmda islenmisdir. Puskin Z nasiri N.Qncdia moktubunda
Qafqaz asiri poeruasrndakt bo'zi misralarm snk lyn. yan mtqhgrm va badi i savi yyaca asagr olmasuu e'tiraf cdir, bunlan kinaya ila qrrgrz-qaysaq sc'rc iklari adlandm r.!
Q rrgiz-qaysaq ctnonimi, sbhasiz, z ckzoti k ta 'siri ilu
de Puskirtin d iqqat ini a kmisd i. Puqaovun tarixini yazarkou bu

xalqm yasadig: ycrlerde, 0 cmlodan Orenburq vilayotinda 01musdur. Bununl a yanas t, z nn narazi qaldrgr misralan Q trgiz-qaysaq se'rcikleri . adlandrrmast onun bu yerli xalqlann madani yyetinu, tarixina ham inamsrzhgi, biganaliyi, hom di) qcyrisa mimi rnnasibati ni de gstorir. Trk d uynsmm mhtuse m
cposu minillik tarixi olan qlrglz dastarn Manas byk snirin
tokebb rn heyra to oviro bilmornisdir.
Rus badii dilinde qrrgtzlar (kirqizr} ctnonimindnn hor
bir dvrdo qaddar, 3m a n S1 Z, hominin nadan-qudurgan qVV;) ,
gc, klla mo'nasmda istif<l du cdildiyi mn'lum OIUL 0 srin ,rvvalla rind8 qlflTIlztiar, kommunist!iJ!' llm'naslI1da i ~l iJ l1ildi yill D tasadf cdilir: KapaTeJI cii ycr.mpH loT flOBelO)1Y. Y /KC Kll pni3bl xo3.RIIHtlaCT 110)1 )lyxoBuumoii... Y)l{e pa6oTmoT B C M~IC IlKC (lI C- Km/.
(R PonIUl UI. o .CaBIIIIKon. KOllh nopollOl (flonecrh) lOII OCTh)).
N!!3, 1989, e.57). Bu sz q lfl~n at adl kimi do qar~mllza IX Ir:
B O)1UiI n peKpac lleM nCTHlll JlClib BHC3aIJHO flpllKa 3~ul

OCCllJl<ln

I Kit.Jhm qcy d /il r h/~~SiJsinda Q":.J!IZ-q,1}"$.1q .~ciyj" bur.J(/J yJ"sk 7ii lV di/diJ ct miJY;:JIl ,cr lJIiJn.J.fJnd.JdIT. Hu l iJ'yinin DcTj3vinin Fclir.,J oJdsmd,lIlllliJniT1J.',iJlliJdi...,g stiJnl ir ,

,..

~~

284

~~

--====-

ceccro ucpxoeuoro Knpru aa- 11 noc xaxan B Eq)PCMOB - B eTOpony 51clloii Il onsu y... (OcnoGmKJleiIlfCTOJICToro).

i.

Rus badii dilinde UY:'l!j sz de slubi maqamda i;;ladilm isdit . Puskin rus yaz rtlan nm ad ebi ta nqidda n kusb incidi yini nazarda tutub do stu Vyazcmskiya 1824 -c iJ 7 ' iyunda yazrrdr; Ta nqid biz uvas larda mvcud deyildir. Bir ox Volqaboyu xalqlannm nssimilyasiyast presesinde xristianlasdm lan

trk uvaslcr rus dilindo ma'lu m, tarns simvollar kimi islandiyi

zaman istisna hallart da nozara almaq lazun galir. Be'zan bu
asla-koka isare etmakla mmkn olm. Qorkinin Usaqhq aserindo babas i z arvadma bir sira hallarda kobud m nasibatle uvas deyir: - vl yeaum npoxmrraa! 3 x Bbl Qo rkinin bioqraflan1110 g star d iyina gre anasi run valideynle ri Njni-Novqorod (oski trk ad i u lxala) qubcmi yasuun Balaxna se harindan idilar,
Babas uun fami liyas t K asirin (Vasili K asirinj.v na nesin in familiyas i Muratova (Akulina Mur arova) olrnusdur.
K alnn k . Basqurt ernonimla ri da yeno rus dil inde cahil, modeniyyotsiz ma'n alarmdadrr; Sen fransizca na fikr yrii~.
drsen, kalrruk, basq ut. ra dd ol buradan , - dcya Pyotr Semyonovi Kolostne hcuma kccdi. (H.H.MypaBbcB. Sanucxa, B
Kil. I'YCCKlle Me"yapLI 1800-/ 825); bu adlar rus tafakkr nda
mumilosmis haIda moden i insan, sivil saraitda yasayan hor cr
normal adamla qarsrlasdm lun xalq, tayfa va onlarla bagh xraktcrleri gsra rir: Tb! uc auncn pcu, Be 1~ ;:lJIMblK , Y KO IlX ace
60r<lTCTBO ~ aun t na 0311a ... (Fopexa. B monsx, rn, VII) .
i;;Kalnu k. XIX osr rus ictimai va ad iJbi mhitindu aca iblikI,Jr i ila ma~]lUr olan dostlan ila SIX mnasibatla r saxladtgt
Y.N.Tolstoyu Pu~k i n yanzarafat va intim dostluq hisslurila
kah111k adlandmr: )Kcna ii l\1 CHe 3JlpaBH.R, K a JlMblK (th llnCbMa KJ.I. H.TOJICTOMY)

Tarix siJhniJsindan min bc~ yiiz il avva l aki l mi~ hunla r '
rus bdii dilindn badii v3sita rolunda gen!j i ~lani r. Hunlar - har .
Z<lm:lIl i~gall. qamti, qanian ma'nalannda bu dilda sabitla~
llli ~dr: o,{ fihlfllyn lIa XapbKon opay 30noTonorollllblx 11 mn e;pen blX OT llh.slH CTBO 1)'111108 (EYHlW . OKa.Rlll lble lUum). Bu~~

285

~~

. Peencq lar (beconoklar) - iri oguz tayfalan birli yid ir.

Becamak (rus transkr ipsiyas rnda pccncq) Xc zor va og uz tayfa birl iyini n ad t olmus dur.! Q afqazm sim ah nda Rus iyanm
canubunda bi e nekle r yerlcs mis olduqlan biza me'lumdur.?
Azorb ayc anda, Sahbuz b lga sinde Bionak kond i va 13 ionok dag asmrru , Clsg"randa (Qarabagda) Beennok dag (yksekliy i 1050 m .) adr azarbaycan hl ann etnogcn czinda yeri olnn
qadim trk tayfasi bccouoklor!a baghdrr.
Pcencqler (bccenokler) - ox by k kcri trk tayfa birliklarinden olmaqla 9 osra qodor Vol q a va Ura l arasm d a, biz im
menbalerda, 0 cmladen bodii tofokkrlerde Dest i-O rpaq
adt ila tamnan tarixi arazidu yasanu s, so nral ar IX esrdan O nm
dan iz sahilleri va Du naym mn nsu biu a qade rk i ycr loru yay rlmrs
va bur ada me skunlasnus, daim K iyev Rus d vlet i ila SI X ta masda olmuslar, rus me nb ei er inde m xtalif mna sibotlo rda onlan n
adt ekilmis, allahsrz tatarlar , allahsrz pccncqlar ifadal ari
sak linde Rus d vlotinin dsme ni ma'n asrnda isla nmi sdir. B ir
ox-hallarda mumilas dirici rn a'n ada - z te rkibindo bir ox trk
tayfalarrm caru lasdirorak, byk knyaz Y aro po lk (97 2-980) hakimiyyati illarina aid sulnamede ... hkm dar, z qarda srmn
zarine gctma , mahv olars an. R usi yaru hel e lik burax , Pccneq1Dl" torp ag ina qosununu Ylg3 isledilmisdir .
' R us medeni cem iyye tind c peencqlarin siv asi va tar ixi
mvqeyi tam ami la aydm id i. 8razica onla ra qonsu olmus. siyas i,
iqtisadi vv ma d'3ni olaqolurinda onJ ba gh o hm J$, lak in so nra Jar
cidd i as simi lyasiya ya ugram l~ bu qad im xalq ll1 ad l bod ii t.:Jf'<.1 kkiirlerd8 bir sira xar aktcr xsusiyya tiu rina gro 11liioy yvn iz
qoymu~duL Badii o dabiyyatlardan seiJm i~ bir-i ki n11l una yu
baxaq: vatanda~ m har iba si iJlm inda Odessan m qlrtlllZ1 Jar t ]"\)find.,n tutul11l asl , b u ord unun r8hmsizlikla ulga la$J]1 J ~ v;) h~ i l i y i
ham in gn larin $ahidi yazll LB llllin toru fi nda n pccncq b rin
11 0_~ KY / / ,' op ec !?!>,
~ Dallliri.~ildi) a .M. A ZiJr1YCil/1 ut/Dbidili f.1r i, I k , 5.54.

I 60Cl-;aKO(?H A TIOPKCKQfI Rt?KCWW (j (C1O(j t' ()

. C1O(Japb

,"-63

iJpeoliopycC KOZO f1JbIMI (X I -X I'l (UI ) 111.1, c . / 05

282

--===_

,,.

ve hs iliyi ila eynilusdirili r. Bu na ga dar adale ts iz banzetme .da

olsa, bu adtn bir sn-a t rk va diger etnonimlari kim i rus-xristian
tafakkr nda sisirtrna dsmon obrazma cvrilmas ina sbutdur:
Sobe r zn xsu si bir xalq ta rafindan, z da man deyardim
ki, dahsatli bir xalq tarofindan - bizim babalanmiza peeneqler
ncce amanstz grnmslerdi ~ fath olunmus sayir, (La'natlanmis gnler) . cxovun QUSCV' ) hckayasinda peeneq, ifadesi
nadan, cahil me'nasmdadr r: Siz ava m, kor, unudulmus adamlar simz, h c na g n nrsn z, basa dsrnrsnz, siz heyvansuuz,
pe cncqsin iz , boy nu nuzd an vurur1a r, siz isa allarini prs nz,
B und an basqa cxovu n dilindo h'31' cr hay-k yler, zbasma
dusta (burada scicilar ) pccneq adlandmlrmsdir: lc las salo nu na birda n pc cncqlnr d axil olub c'lan ctdilar ki , yeni sei lmislar arasm da xain ler de vardrr . exov: Oskolki Moskovskoy
j izni.
. 1'
' l',,~
' ..
Qirgrz-q ays aq adt digor szlorin -istiraki ila .mxtelif,
hetta bir-birin a zidd me'nah ifadala rin .yaranmas tna sebab
olmusdur. B irinei ha lda qrrgtz-qaysaq sahzades i Q .D crjavinin
II Yekatcrinaya h asr etdiyi Fe litsa oda smdan soma (aslinda
mad hiyyad a imperatcriamn zn n badii ob razlanndan, sjetdan istifade olunmusdur) bir epi tet ki mi yazrlarda grnmeyo
ba,laml,dlr(Qlrglz-qaysaq sahzadosi, Altm Orda hak imi). ',, w
Sai r P.A.Vyazcm skinin yazd rgma g re Peterbu rq g zall erind an ol an kn yaginya Dolqorukaya qirgiz-qaysaq sahzadasi
leqobil a tanuu rdr. Sairin yazdlgma gm bu ooa gra idi ki, onu n
c., lbcdici va he yrancdi ei zndD ~<)fqi oe ise var id i va 0 ox lu
, ":
p 8 rusti ~ karl ara malik id i. 1
L.Tolstoy un yarad lclltg mda m$ah ide olunan qUgIZ'} ctnonimi (q lrglz ki mi) b'3nzatma vasitasi olaraq istifada olunmu$dur. Tols toy A .Jark evilu m sah ibasinda PU$kin haqqmda: 3 TO
Il lJCaJI BeJIHKHIJ TIYJllKHlI, HeCOMHCHHO )/1I'iHbIlt lIcnOBCK, nncaJl
nOToMY, '11'0 6hIJI Mon on, H KaK KHprH3, o eJI BMCCTO Toro ,'ITo6bI
I

...
nunla yana~ l, hun - cahil, vah si. mudoniyyutsiz adam anlanunda
da yuxartda qeyd etdiyimiz me'nudan tran misdir: V.Mayakovskinin da badii dilinde kobud. qaba hu n islenmisdir. >
A ecn u ceeo ns sine. zpy 60.uy ZYUIlY.
KpU6JlR lIlb CH n ep e 6{L1fU
fi

Hntony

He 3 a XQ'iemC>f - Il eom

saxo ny 11 pa OCI11HO /VUO/IY,

nuuo M H t

jf - 6eClteHl-lblX CJlO(J mp aHIIIUp u .\lOm.

Monqol xalq adi rus bodii rnatriinde birbasa vohsi

sz ilo sinonim kimi isledilir: V.V.Stasov makrubunda yaztrdr:
Il erp BenHKlI1l. - xaxoii OH Be 6hIJI 3BCph 11 sronro.t , a fit.m
nacrosunr pyccsn, 1l3CTO}lUla$l pyccxaa uarypa. nauneuan Ha
ace TPa,nUUIfIf, Ha ace np cnanux, Ha BCIO urxony. B aroii pyc-

CKoHxpapocru rnaanstii PYCCKlli xapasrcp.'

Buradakr monqc l sz I Pyotrun xarakteri ni - qasbkar,
isgalt xarakterinin atlmasma xidm e t ctmi sdir. <<1 Pyotrun 35
illik arllgl d vrnde Rusiya tckca bir il mhariba aparmanusdire.
Mal lif burada Pyotnm soxsiyycti Vu vohsilik arastnda bir
uyarhq griir va bu uyarhq monqc l s z ila fikrin izah terzindo zn tapir.
Mogollar , boyk Mogol d vla t adi meruforik mncaz
kimi yeni keyfiyyet qazanuusdir. Bela ki, bu s z qul, klo
sz ila yana~ l mogol admm semantik dairas i qodimd ml ms dilinda yarana bilmi~d i II Yckaterinanlll qeydl<::l rina Jmm in ~a rait
de istifada ed ilm i~di r : (4 T061,] 6blTb C/l-1Y yrO.lHIOIO, CJICLlYCT xo.aBTI, eoruyn llHI elllIHY, KaK pa61>1BeJiitKoro Morona?).
I(UJ II .il Ua w . Q IZ l lba ~. Ql z l! ba ~ tayfasmm a(1I iki 1gavi
vahidin birl a ~m a s i ndi) n (q lzil va ba ~ ) amLl la g;) l mi~ d i r. Q l zll ba~
sznn yaramnas l haqqmda fikirlar dem<::lk olar ki, bir-biriln
I B.CKe.lleuoo. B.Jl.C) p u/(oo. l h'mopu'lecI({J!I J....ll fionw;t> . AI.. fl/ h'q "Ct"' Ro.
jaymu, 1987. c.531).
M OA'IQUOO ll. H. Jlwua'fQmllR /Jempa lI ep6o.'o. AI.. 1966. c. 119.

cyn idir. Bu turkmcnlarin krz brk geymclcri ile ilgilidir. Dvlcti kuran kurueu nsiir kendisi ne vncrck Km lbas diyor va
d vleti K iztlbas d vlct i, hkmdara da Kr zrlbas padisaht dcni liyordu. Kmlbas sayrlan oymaklar en itibarh oymaktan olub bir
takrm imtiyazlan vardr. ' Yregi qan olmaymea bagn qanh
la'Itak he kimin hoddi yoxdur qrzr lbas olmaga ($.i .Xatai).
Qiz tlbas s z se nraki asrlerda z siyasatini Iran dvleti nin siyasourro cvirdiyi no g ra , bir ox ha llarda, iran dvlo ti. ta refdarla n vo istorso da d ysc lari anlamuida da islenrneye
baslay tr. Azarbnycan ede biyyau nda da bir ox hallarda Qmfbas
lran dv leti derne k idi, (M.P.Axundovun Haci Qara as orind o
Heydar be y rus-iran mhari be le rini Qizrlbas savasi adland rn r:
Ham Qizilbas V6 Osmanh d ys ki, tamam Qarabagi qrzil-g mso boyadr? Yaxud Qarabagnamaede: Veranda , Dizaq :va
Xatn mahallan nm mali klari mcsad a, yollar va ke idla rda
o- .nlbas qos ununu tutub qara t edirdilar.a
! '
Qizba s sz rus ba dii dilinde rnayyan se raitva zaman
daxilinda rnumila sm is h alda dsma n anlammda isledi lmisdir. B TY nopy Mbl e no-repuo - TO ace 60m xronnna , -rrof eMY
roJlOBY 6bl cnccnn npo-n., Bec, sreann, "ICpKeeOB na KH3nn6aIUCi 3T1tx rtoxnuranu n nomrraax, He yra ro, pcznur aa (venencs uii. IJYJlKil). Bu hckayadn iki bedbe xt qadm (ana -va bala)
verilmisd ir. Ana zno va qizma zlmlar cdan kra ke nmi n davada ldrlmasi n dualar edir. Dsman -obrazi bu zaman
nrbn!vrla yalla~l kciJn 3sr boyullca lmrbi ml1aqi~alar ba~ \Ie,;,
ran qlzllba$ ad11l da da yaradJl nu$di.
,1 ""1
i;,: I
Rus antroponimiyaslllda bir ox maraqh antroponimlar kimi Ki zilha$in familiyasJna da rast ga linir (Puskinin Puqaovlln
.
larix snrindu s la r~ l1a K izilbasin).
TllllTnp (TenTJlp) - dOlftam - ' Kazan xanhgm m .Rusiya
tiJfi)'indan istilaslIldan sonra ulu babalan ;)sasan Ba~q lrdl stanm
.}imal-qiJ rbinu<--l ll1 <J sk uni::l~m IS olan tatar va digar millat la ri (cFaruk Sumcr. !>:1r.H i lim!Ji Ik IJgili inccJcmcJcT, I I<V JI A bb3s dc yid cn ; TDA, N.'S,
1990. . 10-11.
-' ,\IirT.' ei/mal C1 1'illl:;Jr. Q.1raba1 f;m:. 1959,5.21
I

287

(';"'.i::=' ~===-

remislar . votyaklar, uvaslar, mcscryak va basqurtlan ) bcla adlandm rd tlar.!

Settarov teptar etno niminin etimoloji cahutda n Qe dim
trk lget ic nde (rusca) qeyd edildiyi kirni da ttar - rerpans
(rusea) sz ila dcyil, tipte r - ite lonmis, (dogma yerlurde n)

uzaqlasdinl nus sz ila bagh oldugu qonaotino galir. Fikrimizce, bu szn sarhini V.Radlov daha deqiq vcrmisdir: Teptcri - deya rke n Basqrrdi stan a kc rlrn s VD zirok xristian I11 Ssioncrlarindan ya zorla xristianlasmadan qa uia ga macbur olan
Mah ernma di dinli udmut, mordva va man lar nezerdo tutu lur.
Adlan tatarca taptar olan siyaht ilo baghdir (Radlov 3, 11 14)
Qeyd cdek ki, be min xalqlar, 0 crn leden mordovahlar da
zorla xri stianlasd trm adan can lanru qurt araraq Ural , Sibir va s .
yerlera qai rdil ar. Har torafdnn six rsdml an bu xalqlar Bo lornikov, .R azin. Puqaov syanlannda istirak etmis la r. (Radlov
3,1114), uyqurca; taptar kniqa, tur ken; taftar KIIH7KKa, aaIIH Cb , azerb. daftar - reester, rerpans (Fasmcr 4, 44). Ela
Settarov z de hamin yaz ida taptar etno ni mi ile bag h masir
Tatan stan va Basqtrdtstan a razisi nda oxlu ycr adlan mn oldugunu qeyd etm oklo, z dediklc rina qa r~1 rxuns olur. Tiptar
ctnonimina Tatan stamn ~arq rayonlarmda, daha dogrusu, kc mis
Ufa qube rniyasi Menzeli qozasmd a V ;) Samara qubcmi yasuun
Buqulrna qozasi e razi lorindc verlesmis tatar yasayts manta qaleri, .mikro toponimlari sirasmda nozera arpacaq da racada rast
ga linir: Teptcr ziratt Molla Tamak kendinda; Tiptor uranu
Balanh kendindv; Tipter arame sc Mslm rayollu Novle Saltovo
kandind a va Bavli rayonu Karaka$1J kandinda, Tiptarlar ktlcge va Sanna n rayonunun Tlyane (Dilani) Talllak kalldinde.2
Sattarov taxmillan on il soma dare etdirdiy meqal esinda
syladiklarine ycni bir fkir a lava ctlllaSiJ d;), tepterlvrin bu
I C am mapOI1 r(/J.

c.48.
2 Sattaro v

311;lIolllonolll~llbl

Q. P. GsfiJFI]iJn

I.
,

i
gnk etnoslann iindo may ya n yer tut~alan?l. qcyd. e~.m<;:l~la"
bu ctnosun hara sindnki fikrin zn gcni slandirir. va . m hkamladir: Ma'lumdur ki , gemi s Vyatka-quberniyasirnn Elabuqa,qa r,
ZaS1l1111 P S, l V (Pise evo) va Takes (Takescvo) ke ndlerinde .tatarlar,'
o cmlo dol~ tatar-teptcrJar, eremislar yasayrrdr. ..: .Pua kandinde ma skunlasrms cremis-tepterler zaman kedikca tamamile, t.atarlasdtlar.!
.. I; "''i .llf;1I: i .;r ir;I'!;J I I\(;'W I,
V.Arakinin qeydlorina g re , ,vergilerin. .xaraclan n :t~plan~
mast barad fartuan rna'uasmda defter sz fars mens eli rolsa
da, XI as tdan qe dim uygur dilinde grnr (lakin bu dilin fonetik sas terkibins uygun olaraq tap ter saklinde) . Rus knyazhgm da QIZI1 Ordanm vergi rejiminin barqarar-olrnast ilabus z.rus
dilinc keir, rus yazrlt ahidalerinda isa IlVasilinin farmanmd a
(14 34) isledilir.

d,tl:),:-" .';'-:.'

baNd Be7~-q!rdJSfatJda Tcnlllflpo U K. Cmpou mlOpKcKIiX Jl3f)/KOH, ld.,

asar, s.46. ButJd an

~ 288 ~ -===_

'1 : ~1

HI1X u n nceoa 0 6P5l.U bl, ca oa n OHHTlUI (<<HHKOJla 3 HaMcHCKII H>

Bax: () .M.Pcllle T HHKoB Mcacay nlO.IJ.bMH , M., Coapenen

HHK, 1985). Y azimm tas virine g ra onlar,din- inaclanm saxla
drqlan na g re har scyds n - bashcasi.torpaqdan mahrum.ed il
ruisdilar va dilani soraitinda yasayrrdilar. .
.v: r~d r rn i l '
Diger etnonimlar kimi bu szdari -d e rus .badii dilind
eksprcssiv alarda istifade edilmi$dir. ' Mese lan : I KOHc TaH;Tll.
fl a BJIOBH'-:I , BH)l H Hac BCCr)la HO'-:l)'lOlllHMH Ha .IJ.BOp e y Of He H,
n OJlH oii O/le)KllC, T.C B n pOJKCHb lX To nCTbIX 1lIIIHenHX H ' XYllbl

caJlorax, Ha3 bIBaJI Hac n myrKY Tennlp al\IJIj lIO MbI HC n

peCTanaJl IJ IIcnpaBJULTh npll ce6c )lOmfOI OCTb CJl yrH " y6HpaJ;
CBOIIX JlO lllaJlCH IIOTOM Y '1 1'0, 1Il1 K OrO H e H M eJIll llJlJi ' n p Hcn yr

Tu/!/apli li . COI!l!mCK(/f1 !1/lOpKO/lOIlJl, lY/30, J\'iJ I ,

Y~(lfI II IICK 6o.no cmy olm u;>dur - BUX:jJ,Allil/lpUel1

19 6 2. c.453.

(l1'.II J l

Perm vilayatinin sakini XIX esrrus.yaziist F.Re$etmko,.vun ctnoqrafik yazrlan nd a da tepteri i - xa lanmadan. qaan N~
adlan bunag ru de reestera - xsusi qeyd deft arine diisen.yerli
xalq lara deyilir ()KHTCJl H np n Mlle fisma speureeue .Hi HeKperucirrn .t c KpeCTMiHe... a KO BTOpbIM - -rerrrepa IJ '-IepeMHChI... y

/ C a ll1lllap o6

r l1J. (/JIIIIIIO -Y?OpCKlie

3 /111/0 11 alllllp OI/lO/IOHll,l tu ll

: . ' 1' I!

I' I ' f! ~ .

Tam ap lIH, COl1e mc.~

mIOpKOR021111, / 990, f ,'fll. c.4 7.

, I
1 APOKlfH B. TlOpKCKue JfeKCII 'l eCKue eJfeMelflJl/;/ (] na.\fJllIll/UKGX PYCCKOO f/l hl KO, .1/0
21hlCKO?OlIep u oo o .

B Kil :

Tlf JpKU3.11bl (] 6ocmO ~ Ho - CJIa I1RIICKUXJl3b1Kax, c.126.

.....

Bn pO":lCM, n an nas HaM KJIlltJKa TCI1Tep ci He co n paranac s

C 110IUITueM 0 He6n af OJ I<lJ1C)I{lIb1X oqntucp ax, n anp oru e Tom
MLI
rrOCTO.H HIl O CJ1 bIUlaJI il n o x nan n OT c s o c r o 1l3 '-1 a JIb CTBa
, 11 CJI)')K6 y

naury acerna ono pan n. (H.H.Myp aBeR. J annckn).

Rus badii dilindo bu xalqm z nn bad ii ta fakk r terz ine
uygun ol araq tiirk-tatar obraz i (surati ) - bt n c izgilorlo xatl ari,
xarakte rla ri ilo kamil, parlaq portret yaradih r. Moskva , Morkoz i
Rus m h iti as linda tatarln ulga lasnus m h it idi. Qa dim Hulqar
ma deniyyet inin . m luasom . qocamn n Q rzrl Ordarun bu qahqtan .
dah a sonralar gcnis Rus impcriyasrna daxil 01<111 trk xalqlan ila
mxtal if esrla rda bas veren bu ulga lasma z qiyma tine gra
fe rqlo nse da , bu rus to fukk rn da , made niyyati nda va sa natinda , ada tla rinda , na h ayat mei se tindo Z izini qoymu sdu .
Rus be dii edebiy ycunda ctno uimleri ox mxteli f mvqclarde va ba dii maqam larda isla di lma si rcsadfi deyildir . nk i
bu tayfalar rus xal qmm va rus dvlatin in ictimai- siyasi hayatm da hallcdlei rol oynayan , ycri ga ldikca gc t-gcdu bodi ileson , simvoll asnn tayfa va xa \q adlan dir.
TUrk mansoli yc r adlarr

Rus yazrrla nmn as a rla rindoki t rk toponiml a rin in y-renilmasi Aze rbayc an dilinin Vu tarixiniu , hotta kcmis trk toponimika sr va cograflyasmm todqiqi ilo do SI X baghdrr. Bu baxtrndan trk mansa li toponim larin 10plal1l11 aSI, mxte lif celietdo n
qru plasd m lmast va onlarm slubi im kanlaruun m a yya nlns dirilmasi dil tariximiz V'3 bunun la bagil bir sira nl<3 s a l a l ~)fin ha lli baxllm ndan maraqh materia l vcrir.
Ru s di lin in onomas tik sistcmin da trkizm!arn ycr i, mvqeyi istiqam a tindv apard lglmlz a ra ~dl mla lar gsta rir ki, m s b"d ii
dlind a trk nm n ~i) 1i xsusi szlur z nOlllinativ llla'nalan ilu
ya na ~ 1 slubi materia l kimi da ist ifada olunub . bu
dild,) obraz h
ifad;)la rin da yaranmaslllua ro l o Y ll a m l ~d l r. Bt/dii sl ubda obrazh hq illlka nlan yer adla nnda ox gc!d r. BcI<:l ki, rus b t~dii di -

<S?> ~

290

-===_

linde tez-tez yer adla nmn slubi-funksion a l de yerle ri .ile . rastla-

smq.

" ..

Rus ba dii na srind a g rkam li sz sa natkarla n (xsuse n

Qafqa zda. Aznrb aycanda , 0 c mlc de n a za li .trk torpaqla nn~a
olmus aydinlar) trk mansa li topon imle rda n - yer adlannd an b yk ustalrqla istifad a etmisla r.
I' !
. 'H . J
, .'
Bu zaman iki meqsod msahida olunur: toponim ik, adda n
rnakan adr bildi rma k maqammda, ye'ni cografi makanl artn kor":
dinatlan ki mi Z h a qiqi ma' nastnda islanme si, ikincisi toponim ~k
vahi dlarin ba di i slubd a m vqeyi, bu zaman ondan -mc tafon k
savi yy a da banza tma vasitesi kimi istifad e olunmasi va s. I~azar~
do tutulur. Odur ki, be dil nitqda m sahida olunan topcnim lari
iki qrupa ayn maq olar:
. ' '
1. Tarixi-regional inform asiyaya malik topon imlar .
2. Estet ik infonna siya dasrya n to ponim lor. '
Tarix i-rcgion al informa siyaya. rnalik yer -adlann a Rusiya
d vl a ti a razisina tarixan daxil olmus trk lka lori, vilaye tla
ri,
uluslan , saherle ri ilu bagh ycr adlanm aid edirik. B lbe tta sbha yoxdu r ki, slavyan topouim la rinin V'3 onoma sti kas mm mayyen sahelc ri trkoloj i ekspertizasiz kc ina bil ma zs. ? ..
K cmis SSR mi qyastnd a trk ye r adlan nm ucdan~utm.a
dayis dirilm esi pro sesinda bu ycni adlarla e ve zle ne n adl ar la n :
sindo rus di lino dog ma szla r da var idi. 8 srlarla rus edabi
di linde islonon va bu dil in za ruri leksik vah idla rinde nolan trk
man se li s zla rla ape lyativlik sac iyyesin de ,a laqa dar olan toponimlar de bu da yismc lc rcon konarda qalm adi.
Rus dilin de b asmak. bu runduk , b akal , (baqqal), Baxa,
kab an , baklan, bar::lba n, ba~ka, barak, csaul, injir, kaytan,
kalJll~, a b a n, karauJ ,kolpak , koluqa , kUl11a~ (quma~) ,
kizil,
kurqan , tabor va s. kimi trkizm la r oldugu ha Ida hem in sz larla bagh ye r adl an dJ! he bir istisna olma dan yadn adlar kimi
j

'

ddy i~ d iri li r.

I M iJ11Imad/i F.N. B udf d i!fn ester;}; nwnbalar

i. Bak!,
2 Jb fllmpll~(/ UK. Cmp ou fl/ lOp"c/.:lIX Ji3b1"OO, e.505.

<S?>~

29 1

/997. s.ll,

<!il> ~

-== ==--

,!

Y erli xa lq larla bagh adl ann tar ixd an silinmasi niyy ot lunlu
hc bir ist isnala r bir araya Sl g:t ~ 1111r. Odur k j, Burun d uk (iud i:
Kr ivtso vo), Basm ak (indi ki adt : [zvestko voc). Baxah ( Lc-

ninskoe) , Bas (Qolo vanovka), Kaytau (Pervo mayskoe) , Kolpak

(Xlebnoe} - K m mda; K oluqino (Lcn insk - K uznctskiy ) K izil
(indi: Prim orsk); Ru siyada; Ku maskino (ind i: Kurum l S.mp
Qazax rstand a va s. kirni rus dil inde oxdan anla siqh 01<1 11 topo .
nimlar de digor trk ycr adlan ila bir s rra da logv cdi lnu sd u.
" I .. Trk me nsoli ycr adlanm n nOZ<3fB arpaca q dc rucod. .
byk bir qismi sonradan deyisdiritmisdir. Hu adlnnn uski
fenn as i te biid ir ki, dvr n tarix i sa nadla rinda, bashcasr iso budii
a dabiyya t nmu nal arinda saxlaruhr. Dnan rnon Fcodosiyadan
25 vers t arah Sa h Ma maya Ayvazovskinin malikane xine
gctmisdim, - de ye A .Ccxov Z ai lasina 22 iyul I88S-t.: i il tarixf
ma ktubunda ya zrrdi. ' Ma ktubda ad r ak ila n Sa h Mamay kundinin indik i ad! Ay va zovsk i kand idir (K m m. K irov rayon u).
. " z izini ba dii adab iyy atlard a saxlayan trk men so li 10pOnim larin by k bir qi smi rus di lina va basqa dillara ma xsus sakil ilar qe bul ctmakla dn yisd irilmi sdir . Mesel on : cl ya binsk evve lki formasr elyaba. Puskin e : Mixelson Dckalonqa - sikaya t etdikda D ekalonq elyabam girib qmb-atmaga s z verdi... Dckalonq elyabada drm sd u, Mixc lsona ha sa d apanr,
qa sdan ona krnak etm irdi (Puqaovun tarix i, 6 fasi l).
Qribocd ov, elae a de P u ~ k i n ve Lennontovda Tb ilisi ~ a h e
inin ad ! us ki formada - trk te le ffiizna uygul1 farmad a T ifis/T if1 iz i~ lanir: Cnc1mlTe B TmjlJlHc, He n OBcp llTe, 41'0 'ja pocKOW b (Qriboedo v A.i. Rlxlevskomu. fevra l J 82 0. T avriz). Pu, kinin 'diliuda T inis qa lar (aslinda T ini s-Kalak (ya' ni qala)l Azmb'ycan dilind a ya~aya ll qa laq, qa laqlamaq , qalamaq szi ;:ni nin
:cma lltikast ile mumi kk olan qala(q) sz nahaq ye m bir
' ox
alim la r
wrafindan
fars
m a n~a li
hesab
cdi lir.
/. fi fadi1 O/U1/lI/ll$ badii n1afcri.1I/ar ru.~ d i/inJ'I!/ir. bi? oll /an iJdabiyya/ fI};)q'I;/lflliA'1
{oI/cmiJ c//I1I~ik
.' SclaybJlc/yab,1 b,1fQurJ qilSflhi:l.u; / 7J 6-c/ i/don clydbinsk
, FUUKO-Q0I100

UK.

H YUl KWI ti rpY ]/1II 11 IUJd :JpJt>pYM (J.I I .

-=====-_ .", ~

292

c,l 38

.", ~

-=====-_

Q arubag u umucdu qa la sz qula q sa kl inde (Pan uh B li xan Qa- 1.lag l ifad a si) isludilih . Bu zam anlara qa da r : arn q \ ycr adl an nm
da yisdirilmasina b.rxmayara q msa hida etd iyimii taktla rdan ay dm' ol ur kj, hom On boycdovun. h,' IW de Puskinin os e rla rinde
bemin topon imlarin ox vax t a~.;';- i trk variantlan isladilir. S bha siz buo Qa fqazd a olan b yk ynzrcrlann yerli miihi tla bi rbasa .
alaqesi va tam asa girdi kleri bu YCIII n : ..I<)ra mr :;lgt na ticasinda
mm kn olmusd u. .
, " '.
,., .1. I J
A .S. P u ~ki n Rae vskilor ailu si i1 "1 Kmmda ula rka n 14 .09.
1820-CI 1I tari xinde ru uktub unda qnrda sr L.S .Pu $kina " yazirdr:
Gmm m7, qova q . zm, defno , 'kip.rrisla rla rtl daglann n

uziirdi i; lier ye rde tatar ke ndlori gozo da yirdi .

.' ~ll:' l;',~
Qafqazda olan sal r Vyazemski arskiSelodan Livadi yaya se' rinda (1871) yazi r: CMOTplO ~ BaWHM A ionaro a 6epnoI' C, KaK M CD BCJl L en eIK)'. ..
. II
. 1/;1
Vy aze msk i Ay tda g tiponim in in ma'nasuu bi lird i: Rus a da biyyann da islenan h ami n top onim in rusc a varianuelvlenaexaa
"o pa rfada si ndnn qasdc n qat rdt. ' Y CIlB Kmm m yer adlanndan
1<111 au r daq rus a da bi yyatin da asasa n : Sa terqora-fsater-rus
hli ndaki tilrkizmlnrdandi r] islodil se do Puskin ma hz' aur .daq
-ste di r: Vaxtile aurdagm yanm dan kcdiyim cyni laqcydlikla
', . Kazbekin ya nmdan tb kedim (o rzuruma sayahat). .,,;o lr.p
Pusk in attr (a d tr} i$la dib , hmin s zn rus dil inda haoll
1ll;;}'l urn olan lIzaq va riantl ~atcp> yox : I ,'
"~"~i I,'f(
Qafqa zd a 1820-c i illa rin ba, lan ipc mda qull uq etmi, dekab
' l ~a ir V. K .Kxelbckcr G rcs ta ll i ~1 8dib , Q ruziya IYo
( '11 SlTh H rocn TBOii, I' YPJUKlfcTaH Il pc Kp acHhIMY~ ' " , ' I'!'
Qribo ycdovun yarad lctllglnda Ak !Mcet ,' K ozlev,' K arasu
' azar, K a fa va s. i,lanir. Dostu S. Beq ieva 12.03. 1825-ci il ta
1I\ li maktubunda Fcodosiyadan yazlr: indice btn ~aheri ga
t Il IJl, kcmi~ Ka fanlll asrlvrca ya~t o lan d ivarlan va bizi m birc,
I.! Il<J tikil <'1I1 ba rakla n m tz qa riba ~ a k i l d () u lga la~ l r. Amma q
~l i ll1 cogrnfiyu$nas lann tvsv irind\)11 zorla balii olan Feod asi
,Hit ha radan qi lib lap Ildl, Avropa Vu ~ ~Hq saln anm larinda by
!ll1 rultu q()parall K afa ad llll uddu .
.:.,
iJil

.", ~ 293

Kafa/Ka ta rus ist ilasma qedor masir Fcoda siyanm <leb

(q: yd : K a fa da: Feodasiy a suherinda mcmar Sin'anm ins a ctdiy i
m ht e sern Se luniyy o cames ini XVII I usrdo ruslar so h a ri tutarka n dagnrru slar} ol m usd ur.

Yazir V,) j urnalist o lan F .V. Bu lqarinv II dekabr 1826ilda Tifl isde n gndordiyi ma ktubda yazrrdt: Salikov M oskva

O IUll Ur.
Cl

qe zcrlorindo Samsaddi l avnz ina Sa manda yazdigt ki mi fars adl a-

Y crierin oski, indi isfmunoyan adlartna sayqr Q riboy cdo-

mu (Azorbaycan adlanm nozordo tutur - N.M.) tohrif etmayin

vu n s avad t, du sn ca s i ila bag h idi. Yaqin k i, M oskva univcrsiteti tarixinda Qriboyedov qedor gem s vo harterofh sa vad ula bi eyn i zama nd a fakiiltodu toh sr! ahrla u ta laha ol marmsdrr .
d m ! - dey a Qriboyedo vun agh va sava dt h aqqm da masirluri
hnmisa da rusrmsla r

(Se msa ddi l tarix i mahah in diki Enn a nistan respu blika sma daxil-

Qri boycdovun A rz ula r (<<l Io)J(cJI3HJ!c) adh qc ydlurirun

yazilma tarixi onun Rusi yanrn ccnub uua vo Kuun a 1825-ci ilin
y~ymd~kt seyaheti ila miia yyan OJlll111r. 0, gnzdiy: ycrlarin tar iXI, ctnik qru p lan n (mes elon , mo rdvah lan n) tarixi ila , xsusan
b ~ za~an ~i qqati dahn tez cel b ede n ye r adlanna byk marn q
gostanr. Mitropoht P im enin 1389~Cll ild o Don ayi ilo so yahat i
zamaru qc~da. a.ldlg l Ak ya r/JBehy ya r ay t ad i iia m araql amr.
~.u ..aym l ~d lkl adrm da yi sdi rilara k Pe rc kopka ol dug un u d sunur; hamin menbed e adr ek iio n 13uzuk ay nun ind iki hans!
aytn as ki ad r - Donetsk , yoxsa Sa l aj111111 es il ad r olmast ba rede mialuzaiar yrd r. Ta bii olaraq bele cidd i clm i sua llar
qarsismda z n mas'ul sanaraq : nq ul, Buzuluq adlanm izah
etmlk olarm l? - de ya el mi axtan~ lar<l mey l ed ir. $bhvsiz, 0
bu n/arm qeyri-s la vyan m8n~ayilli s vq -ta b iiliy i ilo duydugll nda n
va bu adlann nam<J'lum bir tm'ixla bag/liJg111d an bu qon a8t a gab
b iIrni, di.
D igar l11asirl ari na nisb etan A Zlrbaye an la daha ox to l11as da olmaq .~ m ~al11 .o~an ~azll y er ad lan na h ss as h qla yal 1<1$1~11~ , on lan l11 uaSIrJanll111 bIl' oxundan frqli ol ar aq ma nbe di [lila uy gun ~8kil da i ~ latmi~di r. Qr iboyc dov un diJind o dalIa ox
$al11 aXI , K ara bag, Tavriz, Q cr qcr, I3ozab dal, Kpacllhllf MoeT
yo x Qmm zl ko pru - dah a da q iq variantlarm i51andiy i m ~a hi da
I lfU6lllllXIIII

(PO.IIOII)

H A. l(opO i'IJ JIJ 0PXlIGO /lUCome.7}/. .11.

"'" '"tb:=>

294

"'"

CO(;p H t e JiIl Il K".

19f'Jy, c.486

-======-

d ir: ycni adt Berd ray onudur) .

Y azl111111 yer ad lanna olan eiddi mnasibati na ticasinda
qndirn T iflisin kcnn esr trk monzorosi gz nnda canlandtnh r. Yaztr T iflis i onun inzibati rayonlau zre bela tasvir edir:
Tifl is so hori ay nca hissa lorda n toski l ohmmusdur. Simal
toro f K aratu ban, osil sb h erin z, ye'ni - dzbucaq h sakilda
K r ayma qodcr uzauan hissa Qa la (Ka la) V3 Avlabar hissesi

(Bax: Fpn ocnon A.COCJl1 HeHHe, c.613-614).

Qriboycdov har scyde n av vel alim maragi v a vicdam ila
rus -slav yan tari xindan, mad aniy ya tinden uzaq va farq li yerlarin,

ha tninin ahalinin tarixina, madeniyyetine hoves gstarir,

Qriboycd ov bu ye rlordo bil' tarixi hessasligi ilo ya uasn-

j lancc nyr-o ro

CeBa CTO nOJJb ,

B L!C rop i.i, Ilpa BCC

Can rup,

Eaxvnc apaii , Cafinsr,

fiern-re MCJJO -

A K M e LJCT, eutc ztance K 0 3Jl OB H MO-

pc . . Cn pana 3Y5l, Kapacyfiaaap, H 3Jl HUr-.t .llh IMOK, 3a,aIUIJI rronoras uac 'n. BOCTO ~1110if 5I i-:i JlhI ( flyr e Bh le 3 aIlli cKH, c .456).
Karas li Bazar K 1I1111da B iyuk (13yk) K arasu aYI vad is ind a ~;,) h o r. indiki adJ Bcl oqorsk (Sovet t rkologiya ehninin bani l ri n d~m o lan grka mli $a rq~ n as ali m Bakir obanzada IS
l1l a)' 1893-c ildv Karasll-13azar da dog ull11u ~d ur) . Xazar dani!.IJllb d,) Q aras u adll ada o l l11 u ~ dllr. Adamn indiki adl Los adasl d IL

Ak M cct -- indiki adl Simferopol (K m m vil aYDtinin mark,p i). SaJk ir aYI sah ilindadir. Yllnanca s imfer (xeyi r li) sznehn s n 'i o la raq Y i.lr<.l lh I 111 1 ~ d l r (F as mer, 3, 623) .
Ak Mcc tda craJ11lzda n III esr avval sk ifla r ya ~a m l ~l a r VD
bura onla r lll m,ly y<'m vaxtlar pay taxtlan o hnll~ dur. Masir ~ah
u ril] c ,lIl ub -~{) rq iJ]d <) ant k ~u ha r ola n Ski f neapolu y erla ~ird i.
rVll i,ls ir S imfcro pol yaxl11llgmda , on d an 5 km arah Ql zIi Kurqan
abidu si va r. 13u ku rqa nda sk if qabri yerla~ir. Buradan': skif in-

-======- _~

295

""'~

ce se ne n nm uualari olan 41zl1 iste mo fi. clucu d: I

"11" -

, tl ~ "

raqland iran mosale lura g ro Benderd e qalma q istuyirdi , lakin

geen idi. Benderdon sonrakr stansiya Kausan yena Puskin i he ye canl andmrdi . 1311 ll:i06-cl ilo qadar Bucaq xanlar uun keernis pal'taxn idi. Y ol um rn ana inanmaq ista mirdi ki, burada he bil' iz
qalmamtsdrr. ha r scy spr lb au lnusd rr. Akkcnnanda biz birbasa nlay komau di n A.Q.Ncpennin ya nma getdik. Pu skin burada z dostu pod. Kurto ila grscrek Akkerman qalasma

mus s ilah lar, o x lu say da tun e uclu qlu ox lar \ :. ha:;.qa sil.JllL I' . I ~

kar edilmisdir.
Ak Me et se h-m nin verinde e vvall e r Kcrmcnc

1.1"

lasr olmus, arnq XV es rdr-n bu tatar moskoni trk- is l:ll,l .

ss la na rok Ak Meet adryla byms, inki saf cmnsd u. K IIIIll
~\lh.)r' ; , adr Uit-

ruslar tere finde n isgal cdrlun kimi 1784-c ilde

yisdirilerek Simfcropol olrnusdur.

Akkerman (indi Belqorod - Dncstrovski y - Occssa vila-

yatinda sahar). Akkerman tiirk dillarindo Ak [karman Kpenocn,, ropen - Radle v 1,93; 2.02, 1108. Kc rmen-yxpcnneane. Fasmer 1,66; 2,224 - demokdir).
Tarix i Buaqda sehar. Sohorin ad. dey isdirila mk Belqorad - Dncstrovskiy qoyulmusdur.
Puskinin Qararlar poe masmda qoca qarauun dil inde
Ilaeao, JlaBHQ xo rna lJ.YIIaIO He yrpaacarr cure MOCKaJl b.. . Torna
osnuct, Mhi cyrrrana ; n paBlI n 6ymKaKoM naura C IlblCOKllX 6aLU eH AKKcpMa Ha (ITYUJKHII. ITOJIHOC co paun e COlI.T. IJ, c.4 144 15)>> - A kkerman ad t xanrlamr. Man bu h ckaya ti css arabi yada Akkcnnan altmda daniz sahilla rinda asirmisorn - dcya
izergil qan hekaya sina baslaytr (M.Qorki. Izc rgil qan ).
Bucaq vilaya tinda qaqauzlar yasayir, Bcssarabiyanm co.
nub hissasi (ndiki Moldova) 1812-ci ildo Rusiyanm tabcliyina
kcana kimi Trkiyanin idarasinde idi. Dm.Kant-m ir znn
mashur Moldaviyarnn tosviri osorindo qcl'd c tll1 i~d i r ki, Bessarabiya drd hissal'a blnr: Bucaq. Akkermen, Kilik va ismayli 1
Pll~ k i n conubda srgndn olarkan tarixi l'erldra byk
hassashq gsta rirdi. On,un l'axm dostu LLiprandi qadim trk ~a
hari Akkennana Pu~kini n maragl barad<J xatimlarinda yazlrdl:
Biz ilk olaraq Akkermana getdik. Orada t ap~lfI ql an ycrina yetimmkda n trii mana bir nev saat kifal'at idi. Pll ~ k i l1 onu ma" r a?oYJO: ll e ~11/"omOIlOIl/L"
2aUClW20 npollcxo.JICiJeHUJlII_ CT. }, g]. /985, c./O.
I

....

Su b.1radiJ

Ba\": If. B -Il p o l/ .

.,.~

296

hI

.,. ~

tamasaya gcdir, qalarun mxtal if dvrlordo tikilmis qllolorini

scyr cdir.'
13u ad Akkcrmanovka - (Orcnburq vilayetinde qasebo)
admda yasayir. Ken nan/Kcrmcn sznn istirakr ilo yaranan
toponi mloro trk arcahnda tez-tez rast gal inir, sc hor, ka nd,
qala s mo'nasuu ifada eden bu sz n istirakt ile yaranan kand,
suhe r adlan na msaJ 'olaraq Tatan standa Kirma n (Kirmo ncik),
Xan kinnen, Kirmanli (Kir menli}, Tas Kirrnen, Urta Kinnen,
Kcc K innen. Rus K irmcne. K irmen aYl va s.
K inn en-kenn en oy ko nimik ter mininden yaranrnrs sa har
adlanna keernis Xezer xaqanl tguu n a raz isindaki cenub rayonlan nda va Azovotra Bulqari yada, K m mda ukerman, indiki Ukrnyn adn

va s. sak lindu rast giJ1111Bk m mk ndrc.? K innen , Kirmansah ,

K irman ay (Iran): K irmancaym (Frk iye, Orzincan): Ak kirman

(Bucaq vilayoti), Kaleli Kirman, San Kcnnan, Kcrma n hal',

Kcrmanak, Sah Korman (hanusr Km mda); Kermart - Bolqan slanda l'el" adlan ol m ll~d llm.3 Bllndan ba~qa 8 rdvhanda KirIllall kDndinin dn adi dyi~diri larak Kziman q Ol'lllm u~dur.4
Xuc. indiki Stavropol ~vhvrini n ruslann ga li ~ i na qadnrki
aski ad!. A . Pu~k inin tarixi qcydlarinda Xu i~ l anlll i ~di r: 20
1

-===_

Jffl .Jh IllINII"JU IfJ rJllcmm lo.."1l

/I fl OCIIOMWWlt/l

Kil.. n )'II/K/II/

IJ (IOCIIO.l fII lfOl/IIRX 11

,7. X I/ " . / 936. c.21-1-2/5.

2 ,. r/JrallllllaJl()(/ . O"'~'OIIO\I/I ';en"lIC II/ CI'.II1I Ilb/ c o :Jllll'U',iue;u 'I?OfJ oiJlI
11101"IIIIJ/<IlI/ lI / l('I (J,' O 'IINK /l l /II W IIOlIIIJ I1I Il, cr /988 ,lI'i!/. c.5o.

1'l1CClWJIlI

If )11111 Q..'Ui)POlI/lIIh/ 110-

Ak kennart (ind i Bclqorod-Dncstrovskiy), s imal l

Qufqa zdu Baksan oerosinde KCn11Cn va Bolqan standa Kennen

('IJ(II)(.'.II (/IIIIIIo.."O{;.

lI fl CeAQp (/ li C'

Me eicl VvtlV. ) 'W :lrt K r boy /:m nm ycr ad/art ZL'rinc ar3~lrm13, TiJfX DllytJSI
dl'/P :;' 19."5, N '39, s /Mf .
) ,na orJdil, .o;. / Mi .

AM~ (lm/,fl1ll

-===_

.,.~

297

.,. ~

-===_

sentyabr dan I Pyo tr Sulaka daxil old u. Aqruxunm Sulakda n aynl dtgr yerd a - onun agztndan 20 vers t arah ar taza suh urin bina strit qoydu. Su har Stav ropol (Mquddes Xn f qala) adlandml dl. He min yerd a qa dim tatar kun di Xu yerlusirdi ( rJYIJIKIlI I. l-l cTOplUI Iler pa 1. 1722 ren). Bu harba qa la arnq zafarli Y ckatcriua
asrinda - 1777- ci ilda sahara cvrilmi sdir.
Azarbaycanm toponimiyastnd a bu marno h ada Xuc va
Xucbala (K iik Xuc) knn d adlan va arxcoloj i abide-kcmis ya~aYl$ yeri adr olaraq ras t gel inir (Ouba rayonu). Ke nd sakin lori
u l~ baba laruun K mm to rpaqlann dan k b galdikla rin i gmau
edirlar. Bu ka ndlarla yana sr Quba rayonund a dalia ik i kund :
Orta Xuc va Asa gi Xuc ke nd leri de olrn us, sonralar ko lxoz qUrLIIU:,?lI dv r nda iri teserr fatlar yaradtlarkau basqa kendler!a birlosd irilmis, adlart da yisdirmisdir.
Xu adr qtpuqlan n Ku tayfas.mn adim cks ctdirir. XI XII as rlarda rus salnamal ori nda a$agldakI qtpaq tayfalarmm
ad t akilir: T or tor - (resp ubl ikamtzda Tarteray, Tortor btgosi); Ku -Xuc (Quba rayonunda kundlur}; Tuq-Tuji (Qaraba gda );
K ov - (Qovlar-To vuz rayonunJa kund ad t Qo vlnr San -.. Xanlar
rayonu nda kon d, Qov dag silsilasi - Ismayrlh rayonunda dag si 1si las i); K a r a h rk - (Qarabrk - Ucar rayonunda kond ): Vvranda - (Qa~abagda); Kaym a k - Qaymaqb (Qazax rnyouunda
kand),; B ncc /I nco - {Azarbavcanda lncn . Inca su. ince d;lg, Inca -

ay, Incal, (Sak i, Cabrayd, Qazax, Culibbad rayonlarJllda )

adlan va ela ca da Ermt:mis tandn tarixan olan i/lCDsu (indiki ade
Koxp) aYI, Grcstanda inct:di adlan cla bu CF~dill1 qJpaq tav (,l
ach ilo bag hdlr.
.
PU$kinin tarixi yetkinliyi zn onda da !!st,Jl'ir ki. ruslan n isli!a ctdiy i ycrJ" rde qoyduqlnn ycni adJa;l1 i$J,)di iln ,-Jsin,)
baxl11ayamq salm tkar onlann hur iki varian tllll i$lal111 ok la kcml ~<:l, hu xalqlann kcl11i~ tarixinD diqq<'lt l1lllayi ~ etdi rir. M,JS;) lan: EnJcri kendinin (AnJr ecvsko c) ,)h alis i 23 iyulda briqad il
Vcteri"tnln komand anl lgl aJtlnda Astarxandan YO! ,l d li~;) n sv ,-,,-j
qo~unumUZl!n (in h iss;)J ~)r ilFl ba sc]lJl ctm i ~ l ;m l (l IYll llillll IICT()p ll51 DCTpa 1, 1722 roil).

...

29 8 ~

En d eri - ruslarda Andrc cvo adryla adlanan kan d Aksay

tarkilnri na (k nyazlunna} ma xsu s id i.! Enderi ken di nde tar ixa n
trk xa lqlarmdan ohm qum uqla r yas armslar. Aza rbayca n tarixindo muayyan ycri ol an Xas ay xan Usrniycv > bu ka ndde ndir.
Z.i.Yamp olskin in yazdtgma g ro Sulak ayr sahi linda And rcevo
(En deri) kandi nin ycrinda VI II a sra qadar Xazar xaqanhgnn n
paytaxtlannd an olan Bela ncDrllBelecar ye rles irdi. Be'zi etim oloq
alimlnr ise hu bu yer aduu eski bulqar toponimlerina aid cdirlar.
Bizim fikri mizca, bulqar iop onimla rine KUl11ak avu l, Endcrey
avul, Bashkent, Jngtey. Oermaneik vu bil' srra digarla ri aid etmok olar.'
Tarixn b vk maraq va aluda lik Buninin badi i e sad erindo
avdmca scz ilir ~,O yaz ll1110 se xs i key fiyya tla rini - onun obyektivliyini , tarixa h rmetini atb ayd mlasdmr: B6J1JI3ll ce - npeaunii Kane n, /I-leCTO KpOBJH> 110 cTapHlI1lOMY Typ CUKOMY HaHMOB,HJlllO - dCnauCKJlr>1 XO.l~OM). Bununla D ncpr boyu sa herin
a sil trk kcm isiua isara cd ir.
K urq an - nski trk mu doni yye ti yad igarlan , mum iyya tle
busur sivil ivasiyast numunulo ridir. Ku rqan trk dil larindo Inql!:kumlondirilmis _~ , ~ I a divarl an, sDdlari anlamll1dadlr, - dCY<::l
ma shur trkoloq Dmitriyev yaz irdt . Eti mol oq Fasmcr do Radlova asaslanaraq kurqan trk sznn qc dim rus dili almmalarmdan otdugu nu gsra rir Sanskiye g ra, Kurqan gala qadirn trk
{kuman} almmasrdr r. Rus I1lD nbal<::lrinde ilk dafa I Novqorod
saJmnnasinda (1224-c ilo aid) i$lanl11i $dir (Cpe3HcBcKuii:"
1,1377). Rus dilind" zn n gcn i~ I1lv'nalanyla ma 'lum olan bu
sz sonradan bu dilin harbi leksikasma da daxil ollIiu~dur. Sonralnr XV ;:)srdon ha~layaraq kurqan <~~, tkma tOlv aq
(sldd), qabi r ta pas i~> kim i l11a'nalan ila du rus yazill
abidol1rindD i~lan111i~d ir. Sz n bu vo dah a yeni, daha mhk<::l1l1
I CmOObe o

C H_ l /i!lCIIlIi' II/HI CC"-OJ bl 110 II C/IIOpUII POCClIlI. Id.. /989, c.704 .

Qiiw b,lj x,m!JglfIllJ VilriS! AxarbiJyca;; ,~;;jri XUl} id Bilnu Naf<)-

2 --'"<lW}' X,III ( Jsmi} 'c lI.

FillI lI/ i1T!
,

f{(/(!i ~!!X/)()_}(('(J('(I /( C _ "f( :JIIIII.\ If)!l O,' !/11 lI e KOIJ/Op!>lX KYMblh'CKIIX monOlIll....IO(J!).

(d )IIO.\!{/('IIII/ K(/ f(UIJ/W JO l! ,

Oprl.)J(i'lWKUJ31? 1980, c.122 ki tabmda

--=====-

mantiqi ma'nasr - Ru sun Tu rk lknla rina ayaq ba stn as t t rk si vi lizasiyas ma y ax md an baled olmas tndan dogmusdur. Rus bodi i
ta fakkrn da ca uubi ru s llenn da ki kurqanlar Qm l Orda dv-

rnn ve qipcaqlarla bitib tkenm nyan nuiharibnlurin hcc nnvlu

ol u nmayan sahidloridir. Kurqan ns ki trk k ltrlill l~ _

v\'Q Z

medan iyy a tin in hc riavl a mqayi sa olunm ayan obo di ab id ule ri,
nisan el a ri, ta zab rle rid ir. Serqdon Oorbo dcg ru torpaqlara sopilan bu qadi m xatira alndoler - qurg ular. kurqanlar irk \JZiJ motini, trk sayqt smt, t rk mo'uuvi yyat uun gcn , qi ymntin i
toce ss m crdirmislor: daha ox Tamari . S ima f Qafqaz (bo y iik
ta rixi ordalnrd a - h a rb i ittifaqlarda b irlos.m ycrli trk xaiqlanruu
vatoni olan bugiinkii Simali Qafqnz}, A ~agl Volqabovu. Ural
a trafi, b ug nkii Ukrayna hiid udlan na d axil o lau Odc ssa (kc m is
Haci bey). Nikol aycv skaya. Xcrson tkcc mis San K erm en},
Dnepropetrovsk , Zap orojyc (ke mis ad t: San Qa llll~ ) vil ayu tla ri
va Kmmda . 0 cm la dan Ker ya rnn adasr. Tarxanq ut vo Az o v
(A zak dan izi) bo yunca torpaqlar kurqaul arla bol dur. Kurqanlara
Azerbaycan arazisinda do . 0 c I11 Ii:}d~n Naxtvanda da rast galioir. Kurq an lar ycrli madaniyyatin bari z nmuna sidir: bunla rdan
ta prlmrs zinna tla r. ~$ya lar z inca liy i, kallli l cs tetk liyi bax llllllldan bu g n da nad ir esnrlr say lla bi lirli1 r. Kcr~'d Alt lIl O ba
kurq am , Y evp alori yada (kcmi~ G zl a v ~()h<J ri) f\:loyn ak g!
atrafmda 1880-ei ild;J rus arxco loqu v;:> ta rixisi Dmi lri Ya ko vlcvi Sa mokvaso vu n ta dq iq et d iyi b yk kurqan is~ hal;::>
sk iflar dv liinda qadi m ab id;J say tlIll111~. K cm ~ Sa n Qanll~
ar azi larindi:l (i nd ik i: Zaporoj yc ) mht;: > $ul11 s kif klll'qan lJI"I a~ka r
cd il l1li~ dir. Mas lan, llliJ-?h ur sk i f qlzil da rag l buraebk l So loxo
kurqanmdan ta pl h111 sdl. Erallllzdan i:lvval4 esri:l aid cdilan hu qlzll daraq qiymat li sa ni:lt nm una si ki mi Enn itaj da sax lal1lllr.
Z l1gin dafll abidn la ri qrupu o lan K cl enn es Kurq alll (A dlgydu
Kcl enncs ya~aY I~ ll1vntiJqiJsi yax1l1 lJglJlda) q;JbiriDrinde n lap l1 ;ln
s kinar dvr a~yala r ola n q lzll b<Jzak ;'l"ya lan , YClle ljlz Jldan
d zldi lm is dy~ s ilah lan - ql l d dosli:Jli bah a vo s. d a finv la r
Emli tajda hifz olunur.
.

Kuun istila olu nan daqi qedan onun tam zabt olunmasi
has lay tr. 178 2 c i ildo Sa nkt-Pc tcrburq Aka derni yasimn tap smg r
ilu bura ge len aka dcmik Vasil i Fy odorovi Zu ycv qeyd ed ir ki ,
yo l qar atorpaq llordon keir: yo l boyuuca takc o kurqan lar gZ\J dovi rd i. '
4

Uldii adahiyyatda kurqa n sz xsusi isimlerle birge

islonoro k daqiq cogra f makan m ifadaisi ol m - cograf ada -toponima evrilir. Ma sa lon : Uzaqdan kilse aganuaqdad rr, onun
kiinbazl ari duinandan zor la grnr. Uudur iibey kurqan lan ,
bud ur bax , arabat lar m yk lii karv an i u zamb ge d ir (Q .D ani levsk i. Qaaqlar Novorossiyada) . Bu g n alla vata n cografiyast
h dudlanndan kunarda qalan. lakin rel yeft ku rqanlarla adi lasa n,

cleca do yaxtnlasan, dogmalasan ycrlarin z kks nda tarixi trk

ab-havnsuu snxlnmasrnn inanmnq ViJ trk n ayaq izlarini bagruidn sax laynu yudigarlan qn bu l ct mok garakdir. Ou me 'nad a a~agl dak t ruisul fikirlarimiza ay d mhq ga tira bi lt)!": G na s ho la
rxmanu sd. : cnun a kurqanla r. uzaqdan bul uda oxsar sisuc lu zirvos ! olan Sau r Mozar Ja ay dm grnrd (exov. Xosbe xtlik) . U~a q hgJ , ilk ga ncliyi ozali trk dani zi ol an Azov a trafrnda
kca n A .P.cxov !H a.d li l11a~ h ur i)snrinda trk ma sk a ni o lan
bu llo l' va bozql rl<!rm usram ng iz!iyi h aqqmda Y;Jzl rd l: Saa tI"rca yo l gcd irsa n. . . . Y o l bo yu skut i inda d uran qoca ku rqan
VOl ya A lla h b ilir, kim ti:lrofindall, 11i:l zaman qoyuld ugu ma'lu m
o lmaYil11 Da~ A rva d ,2 a laq dan va sass iz uan geca qU$Ian, ista ri:;t<J1l1<Jz ya d l1l1a l efsaJl!ari, yo lu lan n h ek ay;: > tlvfi , dayal ori n
l ad am l lw qq Jlld a na g tllan d ~ r ...
Bu yc rlm, bu torp aq trk qod iml iy i iJa ya$aYlr. War ke a kc a. kksnda k i bu ab ida la r, tarix ni~~lllaluri o nu n sani:ldi -ki mIivi t;Jki n z mh m rohmu';gzal oynaYlrdl. Y en a e xov O vd a
ilValat povcst indv yaz m h: 'B ir qi:ldilr som a b iz a sa lafllTIJ za
siiyk;l1l ,lI'i:l k biz im Da ~ Mzar ndlandmlig l1l1 1z daga qa Jxd iq .

I /J.7\:: K'''>i."c''lH' "llH/lo.}:U" (c6oJJllI I") CU'''/''-IHJ/la,. 1981. c. 178 .

1 V .1.' ...In;,,/ "K" .Irt'n/UlII &l{I(I)} da.,..l.1n yonlJlmu~ biiyk oguz hcykiJlliJrina bu ycrlaflll
.-ollm!.:! .'.1kinli!ri ol.1n fII./,1rm l'cTtltklari .ld.

""' ~

30 1

~~ ~===--

I
I
1

latinin squ tund an soma hu ycrlura salub I X I1l1~ ) hu yc rlunn

asi l sa hi bi oimala nna elm i daya q durm aqmaq sedluri ihl haglamrdr.
Bu torpag m ha r qan sr z kks nda Qml Qob u Vil S kif
rn ede niyyat i izlarini saxl ayrr. Se horin utrnfuuu trk udlan kcmis t rk ab-havasnu saxlayau vo tosdiql eyan faktlard tr: Ba laklava (l95 7dan ar ttq se hera birla sib). Tarxanqut . Tcmi ryuk ViJ s.

Puqaov syam tarixini yazarkun Ilsyaum yaytldlgl ycrfon

gozib material toplayan Puskin hamiu ycrlu rin tiirk adln nn a J a
byk maraq g srcrir. II Yckatcrina Puq aov h urak an nt xalqui
hafizesinden silmak n aglagnlmoz tedbirlorc ;)1 aurusd rr. 0
c mlodon, Puskinin yazdrgtna g ra Ycka tcr ina hamin d ;)h ~i)tli
epoxanm xatiralan ni xalq tn yaddas mda n si lih atdr . sahil lari bu

hayacanlan n ijk sahidlari olan aylann qudim adlanm muh v ctdi. Yaik kazaklan , haminin saharlcn de Ura l adlanmu a bastadl (Ilyurxna. l lcr opns Flyra xena. DI VIII ).
-,
Puskin Ya ik-Ural: K armsenko-Ilmnpncucx: Mahkovk a ~
BonLrCK sakiinda mvazi islad ir: 13 aBrYCTa l Iyraucn npufin uiKllJ lC.sI KLl1o.IIITpllellCK (Kaxu .nueuxc] . Jlcropna Il yr n-rcua. rn S).
Puskin Ncvoscrqicvsk qala st haqquula darusnrk an surhlor
hi ssosind o qcyd cdir: No voscrqic vsk 'la lasI. .. gi7:li m suvir
Ta t i ~evin l vax tmda Tevkclev B,rod 2 ad l ilu t i ki l lll i ~ , Ncplyuycvin
vaxtmda iSl adl dayi~diri ":m.) k Novosibirsk qoyu llllu ~d tl (Ifc TOpIIR fIyratJ:cBa, rn. V IlI).

GZ!l)v - indiki Ycvpatoriya. EratlllZ ll1 Il srindvl1 Gzleve. Kll'J1ll1l1 Gzlcve qalas1l1da 1552-ci ild;) Illcmar Sinall Xan
camesini/digar ad!: CIll8 Illvscidi t i k lll i ~d i r. K II"lIll Rllsi van lll
tabeli yina kean kimi Y evpatoriya ad landJnI I1lI~d lr. Rus Y:IZI IlarlJllll dlinda nJscaya uygl1n l a $d Jrl l ll ll ~ $ukild-foncljk dD y i ~ik 7;1ll~~;ocv Vasi li N Iki tir ( /6 86-1750) ruj J .,!;J( w ,hm! h l tillilfi Sl bm/' I ,1';1/, 'I / .1.
I'{),lI;trlfII Idam Cf1JJI;~. )'ckarcrinburq ,~;)h,'rilJl .~.lll1l1.(Jlr Fvn ! 7.1111.111' /.-' III.~ I:Iril'IliISI1JJmm. clnoqr.l1iya \ -iI /1JiJnbl:;iinash] mm fWISJnt qOYlllu.;,fuf. Uri/I IOflwqJ.lrm;/I f/1jlarlilIll8.d un/ii:;dm/JI1as/ l$mJ 8 ."Usus! x!dllliJt/iJri 0//1//1$,111.
! TC.l -f"c!ova Brod - .ui5 tianlty, 'lilbul cdilr;]k r/1.~ fiJflfhl .\liJmi"l(;l girvu b.l$qurt iJsilli
ycrh z3.d<>gan Ta" <Jkklovl.1fm ad m d.lfldlf.
J

"" ~

3Q.l

-====-_

h, K oz lov snkliu da do isla di lmisdi r (Mas. .M. .Jlcpxrotrr oa

uocuoeuntan nxx eonpcMcII IlIIKOB, c.20).

Ycrli ad lar har kiicik tasadiiflarda bela , dcyisd iro bilard i. ls mayr!a. ya da ki, daha dogru su Tu kova biz axsam 10da gal ib a tdrq - dcya Liprandi z xa tira larinda yazir, T uk ov bu hamin s hrotli ve tarixi lsmayr l qa las td tr.
General - leytcnant Sergey Alekseevi Tukov (1767-

I ::-i 39) [smayrl qala sma reis to'yin olunur va burada ordu komandiri voz ifus indo islarkan impcriyam ezmeye txan I Nikolay
qalaya gul diy i zaman Tukovun uzun iller ara va Rusiyaya q SurSlIZ

xidma ti a vozinde na talrif

arzu

ctdiyini

SOnI$Ur.

Tu kov

ardan xahi s cdir ki . lsmayrl qa lastna onun ad r verilsin. ar qoca

generalm arZUSUIl<l nmal cdir. 40 ildon artrq lsmayrl qal asr Tukov un ad nu da s ryrr (T 'Flaccc . lIJ namu.r x ncr, II Kil, e.494).
Qafqaz c10 bil biza cstetik talantiarm besiyi, rus sairlerinin
sc' r ilaholuriu in ilh anrvcric isi , o nlan n poe tik vo tonlori ol maq

n yaraunusdi .' Bad ii va adabi eser lerdan sediyimiz toponimik ma tcr ial da osk i trk to po nim lerinin h ifz ohm ma st Z Qafqnzn Vu Ollllll tarixina cl an diqqa tin c lamatidir.
Ma'Iumdur ki, indi ki So i sa ha ri nin ad r Abnza olmusdur.
Ycrf uhnlinin ctnik man subiyyut ini a ks etdiIU Il Ab asllAbaz xam rlB J'do va pccncqlurd;] tayra adl;2 Av az -ab az Xilza r nasli
adldlr. la bil;)r ki, oguz ~ Ll k l i n i l1 me 'rum r - z fo net ik qanunauygunll1qlu l.1 na loq u ZfLl avar ad1l11I1 daha gcc fon eti k varia ntltiJr.3
Qndi m q lS snlnam:alrindo Obeza//Abnza (Xnll KOiJltaK
lh l1laBUilO 130JIO.Ll IlMCP y MOJ-l oM axy OTpOI<a B Gc3y/A6a.JY/ 3a
)l{cnc1HLlc BpaTa CLLcp6cm")... ras t ge linir.4
550-c i ildLl ~a ha r il1 m v cudlug u tarixi sanad l;:>rle tnsdiqla nir. 5 Elaen da Soi ~Llho J'i n in aski Abaza adma badii nmuna-

/ n I ' /,'ell/me,.,.,,/; I fJ(,pmllll>1t! ClI/ lIII/hU . c. / 13.

1

I: tfJ , ((IIIII1/UPI/G.

" J II/ /l OII/ OJl ONl W II /I

l al/Wpl/IOI CT.~'H. / 980. c..jO.

; b'anwKo6 11. 1"IOPKCJWH .~e"'C1' Ka " ..CwHe .._

" c. 33.
B.lr K HKyopHUf{I(/, npo l op R CeflepcKO?O npo 11',"1110 PYCCK)'IO. c.28
., KopwlJlf/l llcm(lplIR f OCC/1UCKOi' O fOcyiJapc ll l6a. m./I. c.332. lil). c.538. 6 16. 617.

la rde rast gal inir: <VI TOJKe H JH OCTII - C 110 Jl1'0 (iWI npu CT,-I)Ie
eaurcro A6a3bI <!;Cr Jl bIC n H OBOp OCCIlI f ) .
Se herin c ski adi Abaza/Abbaza sonralar Navaqius koc.
1896cl ildan Soi adlam r. vn iri kuto rt ~;l h ilf i ohm Soidn ki
says rz-hesa bs iz mehman xan a va s. adla nn lee risind o bu qedun
ad saxlarulrn amrs d tr, ye'ni bu qadi m adr hans. bir m a ssisomn
admda saxlarnaq !zum suz hc sab cdilmisdir.
Masir abazlar Qafqaz xalqlarmdan biri hcsab olunur. 'lilsa lmand rrlar. Qaraay-arka zda ya sayirlar . z adlanm Abas tuman admda da hifz cda bilmislor. Kinmda Sarabuz kondi 01musdur [ndiki adt Qvardeysk ). Ehtima lumzca . B ilas uvar rayonundaki Aba71IAbazovka kand adi homin adla a laqo dar o la bilo r. Menboterde hamin ctn oni m Xozorl ordo yahu z avaz/abaz.

pcencqlerde ise abas varian tlannda islnndiy i g ste rilir.

Lam da Avazlar kandi . Tovu z rayonunda Ava ztepa, G rcstanm Bolnisi rayonu Zo lkvc si kand inda Av azla r ctnoni m i vo
,\ -'" Z!::i rnehlcsi rnikrooy koni m leri topu ninu k adl anu VLl ct noni min ava z kompo ncnt lari bulqat. avar. snvir/sa bir. tar na . talmi s.
iavns va s. yanasi Xozo r vc pc cncqluri n to rk ibin do Aznrbay-

ana galmis qudim trk tayfastnm ach ila ifada ohmmusdur.

Il am amh - indiki Ennani stan rcspnblikasmd n Spitak saI ri (Trkiyeda de Ankara yaxmh gmda Oml ca Hn11la11l iJ kandi
do vard r.) Q riboyedovun l .Rl'as kcvi o 14 sc ntya br IH28-ci il
tari xda y az d l~ l .mak tub da Xam amlPl dey v gsl,)rilir (So.,

I.. . . . s.446). TOpOnIl11l11 bund an ba~qa Vi.l Z111111l dilind Amamlp,

! ' variallt11la da rast gali nir ULYPll'oil' JlarCph n i\:>la ~lJlax . CO'III II CIIII ' , c.446).
llozalJd a l - indiki Er11l;m istan Rcspllblibs11lt.b ong, IIYlIl<
KllIl va Qribocdovd a
13czobclal ( P ll~ ki n in Q rzrlltlla s"yal1.)\
uSrinda tarcm"sind" d" BezobJ al ). Qr ihoy cdovun yaradlc lh glllda Boz abdab) ~ a k l ind;) da .- Dslind,) oldugu kimi i ~ l ll nll.)
sina ras t gLl linir: 3ypa6 l~ a Bl l a B an 3 c , .. nCTpCTlIJiCR w Ie 'maMClIa~lIt I>a}l 3CT:.l Ha c a :>l011 RCp WJlIIC I)01<16,'1 aJ1a (i. F. Paskc'\'ia 1-4
~c n ly a br. 182 8- c il la rx li llli.lktubulld'll1 . Ba.\ ; CO 'lI l 11ClI lIIJ .

c.647).

<';> ~

306

<';>

"$=

-====---

Hnla qadim zamanlardan Qorb ila Se rq arasmda kt ticarat

alnquluri ncri cosinde av ro pa hlar va Azorbaycan arasmda ictima i-siyasi va madani nsiyyat yarannu s, bu nun nat icas inds
Azo rbayca u da im diq qa t marka zinda olm us. t icarat yo lu stnda
bir lko o lmaq la borabor onun sohcrlcri. kandlar i va s. cog raf
obycktluri, ah alisi , masguli yyoti, etnoqrafiyas r haqq mda rnalumatlar vcr ilmaya xsusi SLl'Y g sterilmisdir.
1311 i, M.Pol o, Kl avixo, A.Olcari, A.Nikit in va basqalan
tam finda n cy ni sakilda davani ctdirilse di) XIX a srin mik rbndo Azerbaycan Rusi yanm idara sina va himaya sin a gi rdikdan
so nra gclcumis, imcn siv sekil alnnsdtr.
Ru illurde Qafqazi, xsu sen Azerbaycant gazmis yazirlaT111 d ilinde Azerbaycan tcp onimla ri rus dilinde indiya qo der qebul OIUll ll1US sokildo n fa rq li ola raq ma nba dildaki tolof fze ya -

xmlasdrnla rnq islodilir.

Rus di liudak i Tavris ycrina Ta bris : 0

110

n ncan o

J<

Bapnapc

CCMCIIOBIIC, 06U.lCM Y natncxty npyry, 113 T apaca . (Il.A'Cem pIIOH. PaCKa ~ 1.1 06 A .C .rpIIGocnOBC).
(;a r ~i)J . Puskinin D rz rum a sayaha t asarinda : Uir nca
daqiq u din cald ikdan som a me n yola davam etdim. Hnd r sa-

hildu qars rd u Garger qa lnsuu (Kpcn ocn, J'ep rcpn) grdm . Gorgord e (B Fcprcpax) tu a niru kimi ord uy a yo llanan Bu turl ino rast
guldim (ll fesil),
Puskinin tosvir ctdiyi Gargar qa lasl (kandi) Ermanistan
arazisindv Stc pa nava n (kc mi ~ Calaloglu) ya xll1ltgllldad ll'. K ondin adl ttJ rcm8 Z<lm anl rus dilndv yaz lld lgl kim i - Gcrgcr i qala.
SI ~ a k l n dD vcri l mi~di r (Grgar adl ya da d ~n1<:Jm i ~di r) . Te xm11 <:'l 1l bir osr so ma gene raI 81i aga $lxlinski xati ml arinda yazlr:
Ta 'lim kom :lnda sl Illdiri va zi fa sinda a h~a rkan hfl odo iki
defa Cal alo glundan Gargam gcdirdinw. Qar-qa rl/ger -garlarla
bag h 0 1<111 bu ctnotoponim Azmbaycan ensikloped iyas mda iS<J
Ky.u"kya r (?) kih l vcri1 misdi r. Emla nistanda Gargi3r ken dinin
adl 193 7-d an d ~)yi ~d i r il~)rd k Pu ~k i n o q oyu lmu~dur .
G a rg'H adlll3 trk xalq lan cografiyasmda tcz -Icz rast
g'l lmilk m mkndr: Gr g r-C nub i Aznrbaycanda H H ~ t ru d va
<';>

307

<';>

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Murund mahallannd aki Gurgar, Gorg or e - olya ( Yuxau Gor-

gor), Baba Garg ar kan d adlan gorg ar tayL1SI ila aiaqadardrr.!

Simaf Aznrbaycanda Gadebe y rayonund a kond ad i Gu rgn r
vardrr.
Niyaza bad - indiki Nizovaya . Puskin Nizobat islodir:
Il crp n OCJIaJI 0 na x uaecnen.c K HmoGaTY (IO MHJIh OT jlcp GCIiTa. l1CTOPIUl Il crpa I, 1722 r 0 1J) .
Kandin ad i dcyisdirihui s, hnzrrdn Nizovaya adlantr.
I581-ci se na ye dok ingisier Sirvan ilu m r oueb on ticar a tda
bulunurdular. lngiltara mal a l - ticarosi Niyazabada (Quba qeza smda simdi Nizova ya) vrud vo buraduu mcmlc koun sair qtoIarina gndarilirdo-.a

lndi Qmmzr krp kimi is ledil on adm talevi da bcle 01musdur. esi l adi Srm q k'1Jolan bu ad ruslan n istilasmdan SO Il -

ra

rusca

Krasmy

Most

adlannus vo

soma

rus dilinden tercmo

editarak islodi lir. Qriboyedovun bu ycrlerdu oldu gu ma'lum ilIe rda ycrlilar Suuq krp, ruslar K ras my Most dcyirlor. KaK 6,,1
TO IJll 6hIJIO, C CIJaKKlQpn n , nnu pyccxnc cr o nan.marcr, KpacHhlli Moer CBH1{CTCJlbCTBYCT B IlO l ]),1 Y J1Y11ll1Cro n p cxrcnn (13cqicvo 31 yan var 18191arixl mektub}.
Alagz. Pu sk ind o oxuyuruq: Ta miz se ma da ikibas h qarh
dag aganrdr. Bu nu d agdir? ~ dcyn boyJanaraq so rus du m VIJ
cavabmda - Ararat esadun . Man T vratda zikr edit en bu daga
acgzl klo baxib yeni lesms k va h oya r midilo onun zirvosin a
km ~ Nuhun gomisini, q argalll, uu ~an gYurinl<J ri, c",za va
ban ~lq simv ollanl1l grrcl nm (8rzrum a s",yahut, II f.). ~a i ri ll
tolosik ked iyi yerl'lrda onun a lst izah bra inJllmaSI va kifa-

Y'ltlanm",si ta bii idi. nun bel;:) vocdl,) J\r aratdam> d<l 1l 1 ~111 aS llJ a
V;::J izahlan nda PU$ki na qcyd!,)
dz;:)l$ veril ir, bu zaman onu yalllidan kazaklann da sa hv ctdiyi
gstarilarak daglll ad11110 aslinda Alagz dag l oJdugu d,)qiqlu,;; dirilir. Alag z daIp indiki ErmLl11 istan ;:)rai::i sind ~l o!an vn Dada
baxmayaraq 'lsori n rusca ~'l rh

~_ YiJqubi (CJlJ llbiA7i!rba)'CdD /OjJOfJIill b ri /l:Iqq lllda A z,7rfJoflOIll. pmh/cml,-'ri",)

d,lIr kOfJfmfl S!!I lIIa(r1<1//a{/. H , 1986. s_ 200.
: Re;'ld bay iSI1I;lYJlov_/I7iJrbayc'/II/'lfiri. 11. . Az,-,rb. V vl,J/ noJ,v , 1993. s N
I

"l;>~

308

-===_

Qorqud dastanlanndn ad i a kilan da gm adidrr. Taassfki, as ann

dilimiza Inrcmas inda orijinaldakt bu zaruri qcyd oxucuya atdrnlm auus, tubii ki, azarbaycanh oxucu Alagz dagmi uydurma
Ararat dag l kimi yanlrs dark cdir. !
Trk toponimlon bu ycrl erle mu tb uat vnsita sila ilk dafa
tar us c lan rus oxucusuna tarcma cdilir, izah olunur: Bnepcznr
non 1I0ra /l1H n notuam., reppace 'Jarup-nara, ncpaaa ncz eaMblM
TeMcM , W,ll'POI>f (uazu-ps ).. .Fpa oea on. I1yrCBhIC aarmcsu) _
P.ll ~~ i,l1dvll bir nc u il qabaq Qafqazda oimus Qribocdov bu toponm u iza h lu vcrma li olm.
Puskin do lIJ rCmD varia nun a mracia t cdib islodir: Hes?n Q ulamn on bes vcrstliy indu barabar 01111ayan ycddi tag ze riud c g zol Vu ru ht e sem tik ilmis bil' krp var.. . Krp oban
k? prLi ( MOCT n acryxa) adlamr (Orzruma soyahat, 4 fasi l); Puskm KI111 111 gozerke n bu pilla kart l.JCpTOBO JIeC THHlla adt ila
(Scytan rncrd vcn ) rneshurdur, qaya iri nardivanlar soklinde ap tluusdm - dCYiJ Y::1ZlrdL
Bu ycrlnrlu tanrshq znmanr rus yaziilan ycrlarin tarixina,
a,dJ ara xususi m.nn q g stu rirlur. Bir srra yer adlannut lap eski van antlaruu gsuumal ari onl artn ycrli tarixi yra nma k cahdlarind,)11 xa bar vc rir:
Ta mau -askis]: T m u- turka n : H ava yaxsr idi, biz btn
gcconi yol gcdib qod im lcrda T mu - Tarkan adlanan Tamaam

qarsis mda Jvbur atdrq (Jlopep - H.M. 3anHcKH xrocro BpeMClIJ!). Rus dil Jl da mi::lyya n qvdar d;) olsa bu adm Trou tarakan

~a k Jin d D pcrircriya, llzaq yer, ma daniyyatdan kanJr yer ma 'nai:;; b lldiyi hallar m\'cudduL 2 5 iyul 1917-Ja LBlinin

,SIIl Cb

A.E .Qruzinskiy;) Oryoldvl1 yazm h: Y lIac, KonC1lHO, I-Je TMyraHe CTonh rJlYxo, KaK y Bac, XODI )i(liTb
nop OIO IICOLlIO lO BCJlIl O n pOTl lBli O - TO CJlblUlJfM, 'ITO y 6 HJlH KO1'0 - IIHYll h IUIJI ll nJ1 . . . (Bax: M .rOpKJ -i H I1B .EYlIJlH, c.517).
Tnpollim!;:-,r torpJg lll q ,) dim ta rcmeyi-ha IJ1] J}) (Tofiq
HaC lYCv) s<lxbya n V;) atdl ran e'(ibarh vasita il'lrdir.
p a Ka Hb IG1 KJ}{ - llIf6Y)lh ,

Lakin bizi rcal trk onoma su k va hidlerm islunilmasi zamam d iga r coha tler, onl arm is la ndi yi zaman qazand tqlan s lubi
keyfi yya tlo ri diqqa tim iz i cal b ed it. Rus bodi i d ili bu bax rmdau
zongin faktlar vcrir.
.
Bir ox yazrrlanu d il maten alt zre top ladrgmuz taktlar
gstarir ki, trk toponimleri rca l me'nada islonmekle yana ~l _Os-

lubi maqsedlerla da istifada olunrnusdur: bir OX trk toporumlari kim i Qa rs toponim i du (A zu rbaycan toponiml a ri iorisi nd o
Qars va Qarsqa pr kand ad lan (Q uba rayo nu) var. I'usknun dil in-

da m oyycn ala mot tann. ahvalatlann sociyyns i kimi simvol-

lasdmlrmsdrr: Puskin dostu S.D.Kisclyova - Moskvaya 15 110yabr 1829 tarixda Pcterburq da n y azrrdt: CKOrO nu. 60JKC l\lOif.
n pa cny 113 Il crcpyp ra a or en An rn crap MIIMO Kapen ! 11 0 xpa nH e il xrepe M 04H n e r X 0 1.J:CTC1L

Kitabda bu ifade yla bagh vent mis se rbdc: Oars-trk qal aBurada Natalya Qonarova. dalia dogrusu inadla radd cclildiyi
Qon aro vlann evi noza rda tutulur.
.
Bu 0 zam anlar idi ki. Puskin Ora uru m sa te rinden YCIl IC\J
qayurms, Nataly a Qo naro vaya yonidan c1 i dsmek ist;)~ i ~"
(R azlli gl l S30 -eu ilin m aymda ala bilir). Soforden uvvnl c1I1I Ylna re dd ca vab t alnus, indi ise inadl a on u iozo loma k istnyi rdi .
Qarsidak t evlanma ona Qar sm alm m ast kimi ntin griiniirdii.
Sair ye ni ti);)ssratlann hal'=1 te 'sirillda idi. Qar s ycn ica altndlgl
zaman bu ycrla rda olmu$ , hi3l11in vaxt $nhm i gazmi$ PU$kin
8rzmma sa yaha b) vS<:Jrinda yazmll: Kcilmoz bil' (F!yallln stnda ti kilmi~ istchkam VQ gal a d ivarl al'1l11 gzdDn h : irdi yil11
Z3man, bizim Qarsl ne ed i$gal cdv b ildiyimiza hcyran qald llln>
(arzur uma svyahat, 1I fasi l) . Qa rs 19-cu <.Jsr Rusiya - Trkiy""
mhariba larinda gcl qala kimi h,1rb i \} lt1aliyyatla n n l)sas
obyekt lur ind a n birina cvrilm i$di .
T rk iya nin Qars $a ha rinin allll maSlJlIn ham iyyal i ruslara .
ha minin Q riboycd ova ya x$1 mv'iulIl id j. Bulq arina 30 iYU ll
1828-ei il tarix li ma ktubunda yazlrd l: U ra! v ziz dosl.! Me nim
arzula n m, mid larim yeri lla yctdi. Qars h cum la a lllld i. Real yasiyaOl ox u va ha m lya e'la n et. Du qa laba generallara va I1l51.

~~

3 10

~~

hnribuyu c cir sonu' got irdi ki, rus qalbi scvincda n irpmrnaya
bil moz. Bu r.i.la hmm qalebada n va qrurd an doli ol rnusd ur .
Onboycdovu faaliyynta a glran Paskevia rna ktubund a (6.
IX. 1828-e i i j f iflis) yeni fath olun mus Qa rs bu ma'nada islonmisdrr. Q rihoycdov Paskeviin ycnica fa th etd iyi t rk qalalanrun
mq abifindc Nina avavadze ila yeni qu rdu gu ailasini de z
scvinci vu Il gllru adlandinrd r: Siz allah, bagrslaym Ni na rna nim
Q1rSIIl1 V;) Axalsrxundir, siz bu qodar qa lalan alrnaga nail oldui!UIlUZ kimi mail da ona sah ib olmaa totosirom .

~
Htn rus ictimaiyyoti. houa .siyasi mnhbuslar bclo Qarsm,
o cmlad an Axa lsrxm almmsma qrurla yanasnns lar. Dekabrist

l.Lunin bac rs: E.Uvarovaya Sibi r katorqasmdan yaz mh : Ax alsixm fo th o lunmasisiyas i o hcrniyyati bax unmdan Pari sin fo thi ndan vacib dir (JIYlI Jl Jl. Il nc t.xra 113 C 1I61lPIf , e.278). Azad hq fs da isini n sovi ntst va qn sb ka rhq g r sle rina g rc Z d sm e n i 0 1<1 11
arizmlu (~i..'I XSV l1 I Niko layla) cy ni fik irdo birl osm e si bu trk
snho rinin ulunnas nuu rus imp cria lizmi n ncca va eib o ld ug uIlU

gstanr. Azorhaycan edabiyya tmda hamin hadisonin a ksi

Oars .. u tin a lman qa la, rn h ke m le ndi rilm is qala, a lyct ma z ycr

mc'nasmda islonmisdir: (Rstam bo y): Bir qaranlrq gccnda godalcri g trb gcdoram. od vuraram ev le rin e , taya lann a V Q lo
rxr uu gllu baran cda ram . .. Evla rini Qars qalasr da cle sal or, yz
lla fQr adam da ma da ol sa, gcrm gm vk m;,)]) intiq ammll ycrdo
qO )'lll a Yllll (N.13. Vnzi ro v. Msibvt i-FaxraddiIm) .
!\ z;lrbay cilll baya tlian nda, das tanlannda da Qars tanman ""
Xal l l"Iallall (o
I g. llla - ta Il J~ y er cl(II 0 Inlll ~ .
. i
i\I.;\1

Qlll~"'ll y az,

"

13l1r;l g Lfl d r, Qars aY<1z

K ..1fib. lf ll/bllJ1111 a/uJlJ
Drzi /J:JfJ/l1 Qarsa yaz.

, ,'f1 JiU
1/ ~
I

.,.iJ

(.J -J

AZ;,J rbayc:l n Ensiklopc diya sluda oxuy umq : '(Qnrs JO) )

;.l~r1; lrlhl ('n n;m i Qars arhgll1l11 I1mr kazi idi.: J6 ~srdv TOr!'i~
Q;l1'Sl j~g a l

cld i (IJl e ., s .75).

~~

.'
3 11

. ,1

====E:.-_

<S~Il.J~~
~~~~'

Pus ki n <dJOIw se'ri nda orzurulI " ulll g~ 1l don a rkun Don a
xi taban Q ars al n ndak r d y s lerda b ir neu g n ovvo l grd y
kazaklan xat irlayir. A raz va Farat a ylannd an sa lam vu dut! gtird iyini va Don ctl arm m artt q A rpa ay m suy und nn idiyini

sylayir.
G rnd y kimi , trk (A za rba ycan ) yer ad r istila cr ltq qalibiyyatla rini ifada etmaye szden arnq olvcrisli vasuo olur.

Rus dilin de K rcmencuk. (os li: Kcr mancik] ad mm ckzoIk saslunmasi V\) so ho rin uzaq cyahn uhuasr cxo vun dilindo

yumorlu bir ifadaya asas vermisdir. XO'IY nuca'n,

11 0 YM IIO MY,

u Kp esrcnuy IJII III CIII I. (! Iep-cou a). cxovu n qa hra man i M ~ a Nabaldasnikov i ~ gi rm o k n
tercmeyi-hat yazmahdtr; 0 ela bilir ki, hor scy bu sonodin ncca
te'sir etmosindon as thdtr . Od ur ki. Z hoyatuu moisouni mfbs so l ta sv ir cdi r, bu na g ra do bu ba sit va do rdf ynz r rus rui snnudden da ha OX xi rda r v a ailavi maktuba ( K rc mcn uka yaz l1an)
daha ox oxsayrr.
l. Buni nin gu ndaliyinda 6 nprcl 19 22-c ilo aid a"ag l saviy yada ta skil o lun m us tadbi r la ba gh qcydd a oxuyur uq : K up rtni n
gc ca si, Nasa bir axmaq, tam a y la la t, K rerncncuk da battb qaln us
qoca akt yorun xcyrine hansr sa bir divertisment.
B uni ni n d ostlan nm , ya xmlan nm dcd iyin a g ro 0, m h acir hayaunm kbar axrnma tez uygu nl a~a bi lmi ~ , Imtta fa m iIiya s1l1a da franslz aristokratiyasi maner indu dc hi ss\leiyi art l rm l ~~
dl, vizi t k art lanI1l d a b el vC<) ap c l d irl11i~di. O nun sl ub und a
Krem cn u k (Kermeneik) badbvxt, m u nh us yer, l11 i:HJaniyy;)tdan
lIzaq ayalot ~o h;:)ri kimi zn gs tiJrir. Odur ki, qcydla rinda
da vam ed;:lrvk gst;)rir ki , I\1;)ni xor .lap lu ccb lllnd irdi , g zlur m Ru siyad an yadllgaml~dl , 31lUn a l;ir dah a i,11ll n old um k i, biz
AsiyahYlq, ncea da monq oluq.
Kermenuk - fon elik u.:.lyi$ikliyv l1l a 'ruz qalaraq ( K crmclleik) Ukrayna dili manerin da isti fada olu na n topo llimd ir.
Trklarin cog rafiyasmda K cnn cn ei k eIu K en n en qad ar
iSli fada o lun an ycr ad ld lr: K en n cnc ik (Tii rki Yidd) , Q'en na nc ik
( Kabarda -Balka r va ce nistand a), Qcnncn cikO lar (OaglstanBXOJlIlT "pOe TO, CJIO BHO T CTKC

<!;;> ~='>

312 <!;;> ~

da), K enn enei k (i nd ik i adr : Q avrilovkaJK alanak raYOI1U, X er-:

so n vilayu ti}. Dn cpr znr indo ki K cn n cnu k adr da K orman ei k

szndan d ir.!

Kmm hakinti Mcugli-Geray xan 149 2-e i ilda get-gedo

sirnuldan <111 an tuhlkale rdon mdafi a maqsadila horbi istehkam
olaraq Kara-kermen qalastm tikdirmisdi. Bu qala d aim so nrada n
Oak kala adnu abr. Trk dillarinde oeaq oxrne'nah szdr:
ocaq, nosil, ailo, yataq. morkaz va s. bildirir. Oaq qala byk
m yyntl u rin aan idi : ik i daniz - Q c rbd e B alt ik denizi va
canubda Qa ra dan iz Rusiyanm xariei ticarati n bagh idi. Bir
vaxtlar Dn epr ayi Ha gcdis -galisin gur oldugu yol - v ury aq lardan yu na n lara gcdon yoleda tamam yox olmusdu. aym agzmda
tiirk qalasi Oaq kala (Oakov qalasr) ucahrdr.
Yazri A .To ls to y Birinci Pyotr romanmd a bu qalarun
ta n xi cogra fiyasr m ta svir ct mokla 0 zaman kt tarixi rca llJgl - bu
yer lor in trk o razilu ri olmu faktlanm da d zg n aks etd irir:
O rnda qe d im O ak o v qa las t V<::I K izi- kerm en , Arslan-kcnnen,
Sah kin n en m h kamland irilmi s trk saharla ri duru rdu .
1735- 1739-cu il Rus- tr k muh ari ba s inda ru s lar q alam ale

kcirirlar (1737); llclqrad slhne gra iso qala Trkiyoya qaytanh r ,

1785-179 1-ei illarda Rus-trk mharibasindo qala homi-

solik o laraq Rusiyanm alino keir. Oak qalas i ildon art iq ekan
mhasiraya dzrs. da 6 dekabr J 78S-ei ilda Oakkalam byk
qa br cv iru n qan!J ViJ amanSlZ h cu mdan soma qala ahmr. II
Y ckatcri na nll1 tu bii co nu b K ron $tatD> adlandlrdlgl qa la na h aya t
ru s lan n vl ilm kcir . 8 vv a llar Aak ov adlansa da (fopo)], A t 13KOB
. ' . .11 IIp OT'lII C )'I<p CllJICllIJe . . , (PyeeK IlH n o e OJt B CTaM6yn c),
17g9-eu iIdo n ll1 S dili or foqrafiya s111da Oakov s ab i t l~ d i.
Bundan so nra qall!l Oakov d y ~ ru s hiJ rb j ~ i n d \l Z ycrini
l ll l m ll ~ va yad d.a~ la ra kc iml k m xta lif asso s iy alar ya ra t lll l~ d l r.
P ll ~ k i l1 i n yaradlelligmda Y arah s nelerda O a kov Illcd al larP> (<< Qo ro dok ~ e' ti ) as g<.l r i -~ h IUt s imvolu dur. Kap ilan qlI

J,)'Uld~'06 B.A.

TI."I'II/f/ft>l OflOJIW 'IOIQU/ lle Ce Jleli lle Il Kpenocnlll. 11 m OIlOIllLII U U

COO"IIII."'WN IIII(}I'KOIl(J.,oUN.

/ 985, },'f!). c.3.J

<!;;> ~

313

<!;;>

'%: =,

Kp bUlO,

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asarinda mrn isvclu, trklorlc mu haribado kcirrnis q ca'kapitan Mironovun cvi nda Oakov qalasnun fbthi kim i bata iiya m vzu lu sokil lar asrhr: Gncdo qab-qacaq skaf dururdu.
Divardan stisnl i cerivoda zabit diplomu asrlnnsdr . onun yanmda
isa Kistrin va Oakovun almrnasim tosvir cdan sokillor olag l ba zoyi rd (l l l fasil). Ocak ov vaxtt, Knr.n fa thi znmnm ifadc le ri ise ox ke mi s zam anlann isi, keern is mosalo cpoxa an lamt nda 'qanadli ifad a sok lini alnusdi: Sneer, 6blJla BOl ilIOCKOBCKa5I 3HaTb,
ne pen: K OT Oj?hIMl l .monn llPC1VICIi oaatcoucxn x Jl
n OKOp CHL>l: Kpt.uta nO\lHTaJIl1Ch. B ncxo ropo pen e, )(;.\I( 61,1
~oKOeOeal\11f (B.B .KpcCTOBCKllii )],CJtbl, rJl.XVll). Hu ifadolor
Qriboycdcvunv jnldan ba la cseri ndo de kcmis zarnan mo'.
Z i>I

nasmda isledihnisdir.
Su u d rr. uvasrstanda bu sohorin indiki adr Marinski Posad _
ohalisi esasen uvaslar, va digor trk xalqiarm oldugundan kutbcyin,
nadan' anlammdadrr. Qorkinin yaradtcthgmda istehza, ironiya ila
isledilmisdir: 11 ace 31'0 MOJKCT oficprryrca Tc6.H, ' Jynax CyunupcKJI! <X03mllD va s. Adlar vo bu adlarla bagh metaforalar milxta lifv asita va sebeblcrl c elaq odar rus bodii dilino kea bilmisdit.
::, Rus poetik nitqinda Sumaxr ycr adr aynca rcal vo ckzot ik
plande islendiyi kimi. sauzado va ipak szlurinin do i~li rakt ij;)
i$lanilir $ amaxl ~ahzadas i (Wa:'l[aXaIlCKa~ uapHqa), gz;:JlJiyv.
cazibay v, b unlarl a birlikd<:l ~ahanal iya, qrura ckvivalcnt kimi
~ lanmi ~d ir. Bu ifadani slrf emosionaJ alarda vcrm,lk yazl11l1l1
ana olan mllasibat i ila bag1tclir. nki $alllaXD> ycr adl rus ba dii d~ncasi n d<1 dogurdugu clllosiyaJarla mo 'lullldur . AZJrbJY~
callIn ' ga dim ~8hari kim i Rusiya ila oJan diplomat ik va ticarot
olaqala rndD adl tez-lez ak i Jl11i~dir. dur ki, bu yer ad! znn
bad ii-estctik dayori ila dv diqq8ti llliJ~glll cda bilmi~dlr. V.Da lm
)],oM awHcc J1C llJ BllCTb hcbYDsl~lin qQhFJlllanl1l<i yazll bu ycr
adl. ila ' bagh Bi$barmak-Scmaxanski kiibar fJmiJiyasl vcrir:
Knyaz B i ~barmak - $em axanski qiJdim knyaz n,Js!iIF) lllvllSllbdu: I o x gLiman ki, JJlaMaxallcJ<a51 nap" [(a ibc1;lSi bil' ha di i
J

Ha,\: ff.I' .f::. lre,l'leIlI<O. (1/1.11. ! { (lJJb

11 aOCmO'lIlIl/ f' H"]I>/I(/{ !' ,

-===-_~

314

c. { 77.

..,', ,,

'/ (,ll

vasito ohuaq iru katun a A.S .Pu~kinin me shur ~l.a-~il!~d~n, :~l~~,~

nail olmusdur. Ycni ifadalorin ma'na tutumu sbhesiz, 4,m .J:lnl1~:
10k s zlorin ya ratd tgt metaforalardan gcl olm. nki bcle onorunstik vahidin istimk t ila yara nan i fuda mat nini ta 'sir gc ~ , a?7
ursa da mutn Z novbe sindo horrun mctaforanmhem isleumasi.
na, ha m 'dn btvlkda basa d slmos ine va bclalikla do t8 ' S) F~ ~
nin artma stna scbob olm.
" .
ri. Buninin dC111ak olar ki, bt n ne sr asa rle rinda oldugu
kimi Mqodos baz ar crtas i (LJ HCTbII1 n OHeJICJlbIlHK) hcka y~s ~~
nin qahrem aru qrz da serqi gzel liva ma likdir. O~un ce lbcdici,
parla q xarici g rns bu gzali tam ma ya n adamlann da yadma
onu ilk dlJfa grd k lc rino bax mayaraq, Samaxi g za lini sahr:
K a \ Ia JlO B, nO.IlH5IJl 60KaJl H, C veJlaIIIIOH Mpa~lI-IOj < i )K al { H O cTL,~O
rJIRJUJ na nee, CKa3aJl enOH M HJt3KH j\I aKTcpc,KHM ,ronocmr \:
Il aps-ncanua. W aM aXaH CKa.5l napuna, 'moe 3.uOp'~BbC!
' ! :' ,':.:t
Qara sa ruur xa zi kimi panl dayan SIX qara salar, qarak~.-;
rnr kimi qas lar, g zleri no ds ms qlv n m halqal ar bu qrza.mukernmu l bir sa rq grkemf vcrirdi. Hckayad a WZIll sarqi g rkernina aid isarel or oxdur: Gc zmoya rxarken 0, h ar seydan 9~
yaqut reng inds 1110XllKJr libas, ham in rangde qiz rh dym~ .l ~
ayaqqabilar gcy irdi. Odur ki, qlZIll qeyri -adi, bu yerla rd~ gO
rllm;)mi~ gz ell iyi onu seva n g,mci n zn cla, h eyra tdDgoyu:-:
du ki, 0 gzl,)ri n nd<Jk i qlza baxH, Mo skva restoralllanllll1 b~ -:
rindo oturdugu halda fikir onu ~ D rq lk81arina apanr, Moskva. "
Astarxan. Persi ya... Hilldistan .. dey v oldugu yerdan x8yal8n
llzaqla$lrdl. Bu qlZ111 xaraktcrina goldikda ondakI am iralla lik, ,ta--;
kobbr vv qv tili k (0 sonda varh v~ x o ~b a x t he yatI burax lb 1110,nastJra gcclir) onun ~ arq i tobi<Jtini daha da b t v la ~di ri r :
$amaxm sz ~ a ma X l ipvy i t8rkibinda da gen i~ i~l ani r.
A. K .Tolstoyul1 Posadn ik dram a svrind a en111uYlll Novqoroda voycvoda seil mGsi nd~)n naraZI qalanl ara ~vh ari n , posadniki
onu lv'rillvyarak belv Geyir: On CJl OBHO WeJlK 6JlCCT5111HIH, waiI1aXalJCKl:, 41'0 11 nBCTHCT H rt I60K: norJl5J.uCTb - Y)f{ HHller O
Hel' M5lPJe a IIonpy60ii Er o llopaan - JlHlllb PYKJI lIaTpY.IlHIllb;
Ela bil bsbi.itn ~amaX I ip'Jyidir. Ham da ia kJi Vi) kvrekdir.
(l;p~

315

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Bax rrsa n yum- yumsaqdr r, amma bir

OIH I

agntmaq sana qalar (A.K.TolJCTOii.

n OJTIIOC

cmnaq isios..i n . dij ulin i

co pamrx CIiXUTB-

penu B lI BYX Tm..rax, T.II, c.556).

Burad a errnruy m bitkin. dolg un xaraktcrizc ol unm asm da

Samaxr ipayi ifadesindnki rnqayisa homin fikri aralar sz

saciyyasino atdmr. Ycni scilun vocvodanm hum xarici. ham
daxili key yyot ce gzall iyi, dah a dogrusu, c't ibarhhgr homiu
ifadonin kmeyi ile daqiq triilr.

Qaraba g. Qarubagla bagh rus bedii dilinde Oarabug at! vc

Qara ba g sa rabt sa klinde rast ge lmok olur. Oarabag au -s hnul i
Qarabag atlan nm bi r zaman bln dnyada mns hur ei ns atlardan
olma st me'lumdur. Bu atlann Rusi yada da s hrot i gcni s olmus-

duoMceny mom MOJlDll bIC P YCCKIIC \III HOBlII ll\lI p a 3b C3IKaJlII nc p xaxiu ua Kapafiaxcxnx :iKepc6uax. Onlann arasuida Qarabag atlan minru is gene rus ma'murlan gozirdiler (Orzrurna suyahat. 1I
fasil). L.Tol stoyun mashur Harb va slh osarinda mharibode kn ll isrirak edan cavan Pyolr Rostovun aunm ach Qarabagdrr. 0 z atuu novazisla Qarabag ag mrdi . Qarabag at!
s hra tli at cinsi kim i gc uis yayrlrmsd r: Dys zatna m 0 z moshur Qarabag md a he r rcrofda uur , vurusun gcdisini gcl na zarotdo saxlayirdi (Lrlaccc. 113 aa m. unx ncr): Zabi t h nd r
y a ra~ lg h Oarabag ah minmisdi. Yaxud, paJBC nc pouuu KOII Il?
Tl p l lTOM )KC Ma l( HaC T05IllllIlI M)'CYJ1hI\JaIlH II . Ih rJ l lllt - K<I Ta np o :

Kapa6axCKllii, <.MlliaJ1 aT Ge K))) ,

Bu povcstdo yerli miis<:l lmanlar islilal ruslan n \)sariJ tiJ1i)
a ll~a bilrnir, onlara q ar~1 nifrut\orini bu vo ya digr tklllliklaril bildirirlvL Damiri ciimu giin oldug Ull ll ba hana cdib
rus zabilinin ahm nallamaq iSt<:l lllir. Znbit hi:J ll1 in szJ;,)rliJ atlll111
Qarabagh Vu m iisal m an old ugunu dcmokliJ damirini Y\l m~ a lt
maq istayir.
Qa rabag ~arab D>: Ka xeliya Vu Qar abag ~urab l a n ba 'z i
Kp OBlI bl

Burqll nd ~ a ra b l an n a daym (A. r ll~k j n v rzurll ma suyalm t (Il liJ-

sil).
Tarixi tvl irL<:l Camal Cava n~ir ( QarabJg m tarixj) ;)s<J l'inda
yaz lr: Panah xam n va ibrah im xantn ilxl1an nda on mi n Qara -

e;;;, %=,

3 16

bag all bnslonirdi. Qarabagda ilk atrlrq zavodu 1826-cl ildo

Mchdiqulu xan tornfindon tikilmisdi,
Rus poe tik nitqi nda trk rne nsal i yer ad lan m n bodi i- slu b i

mvqcyi ycni istiqarnat almaqla, yeni m vqelor qa zamr , an'onavi adla rla yanasr ycnilari mc ydana rxrr: Ismayil sngs; Simal
lstanbu lu; Saratov Liltil va s. Cenepuu ii CT3n6YJl (Peterbu rq),
Puskin 1821-ci ilda Kisinyovdan Odessaya Sj.Turgeneva yazi-

rdt: inzov moni buraxnu r... Sirnat Sta nbu lunu tezmi gracaksiniz? {l lcpenucxa A C.flYlllKIIHa, c.28 0).
S taubul ad t artrq Ru siyanm Trkiyc ilu na qadar qcyrisamim i Vil de yiska n olsa da SIX dip lomatik va s. a laqa la ri not icosindo rus mhitini tcz-tcz dolasruaq da idi. Puskinds bu bil' ta rafdan ckzotiklik xaraktcri ila ort aya ixnusdisa da en oxu sairin zo rla uzaqlasdmldrgrpayraxtm soyuq mnasibati va onun or-

ta osr msalmau dcspotizmi ilo sosloson zlmkarhgmm ifadesi

idi. Mu'lumdur ki. sairi azadfikirliliyi, konkrct olaraq dcsa k, bil'
ncn azadhq idcyah sc'rlerina grs Sibir gzleyirdi. lakin do stlan nm Vil ufuz lu sax sla rin ta 'si ri ila bu srgn cenubla e voz
olunmusdu. Odur ki. cez a, scnzor, istintaq kimi assosasiyalann
to's iri nlundn sairin Pctcrburqu Stan bul adlandmnasmdaki kinayuni (Ccncpm.r C l'a I16YJI) d uymamaq mmkn deyil.
Buxara omiri ifadosi zahm, ha kimi -miit laq , tosoxx sl
adam, kiik h kmdar kimi g cn i ~ ma'n a istiqanlatlarin m al ik
olul'.

Uu iCl d,Hli ll di) arxa slIlda tarixi bil' ahva lat 'duru r. ] 873-c
ildi) D :L~k ulld i n i ~ gall ila biitn zbakis tan xanhq lan lagv o lulld ugu halda Uuxara uillirliyinin hiiquqlan znda va toxuJ1u lmaz
qalm!! . 13u,\ ara tJlllirliyi mstuqil bil' dvl6t kimi ya~am aqda idi.
13ununla ua arizmin mstamlakailik siyasati ila cyni zamanda
bil ycni \Il\ulan lkalordo ba$ verO\l d i rali ~ , oy anma mcyllo ri ile
yana~ 1 Buxa ra realia I zlmiiniin V<:l zba ~lIlah g J illll , orta iJsr dcspot7.111 inill l1leydalll olaraq nmullo kimi qalmaqda idi.
1~Il S ari7.llli nin idat.:lilik sistemnda Bu xara mnirlyifaktiki pa d ~ a h ll q s,)viYYlJsinda ma c a z Ja~a ra q hkmdar, ~ a h ll1 a' n a l a ~
r m l VC1'lI'.

""' %='

3 17

e;;;, %='

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Azar baycan a da biyyatmda B bdrruh im boy l Iaqvcrdi yo.,

vin Pi r hekaya sin in qe hremam farsiz og ul z kastb arasma
neft Bak rs rnda bir g nn milyonu olan Iorasctl i adamlan bc!u nisan vcrir; Sen in s tnda Nagtrun oglu Mu sa milvoncr 01du.Arabai Sa msinin ev inu BUXJnl a miri qonaq gn lu'.! I acr Zc ynal abdin gnd a iki saluya iyni nda pal tq das ryrrdr. indi i yni nde paliq tabagr evezina yaranal paqonu tax tb. Sen niya Zlh)
bir gn aglanursan. ham sonin do buruqlann, zavodlann, bes ma rte ba evla rin?
Azarbaycan dil inde msahida ctdiyimiz digor foktlar bunun rus dil inden kcdiyini gst ari r. (Mollaycv): hola bir rus yaZI 1StrlJll yamnda ahb -vcrir mis, mon i B uxara umiri ad landmrnns
(M.Hscyn, Qara daslar).
Bu ifada ru s ba di i di lindo gcnis im kanlarta IX I~ edi r. i.1311ninda bu te soxxsl , lovg a g riln slu adam mo'n as mdadu: HWb,
Hom-TO paCCTaBHJI, - :nmpcKlIii 6yxap kako ii ! (IJ. Ilcpcn nsr).
Buxara h s z m h afiza kar, cyui zamanda ktbcyin, laqeyd rne 'nal annda . Turg enev ya zrrd: Oturub yazusan V lJ V vo lcodon bilirsan ki, sa nin asarinin talcyi on xalata brum s
hansisa bil' buxarah dan asthd n (Bax: AfI auacna. Bocuosuma a a s, m . IO).
LTurgcnev. A talar Vu ogul!ar. Dvoryan ocng r, Ru-

din, a w fa>} kimi romanlannda dvoryan :axlaq11111l bir Slra c\)hatlari ni, istiqlaliyyat, khna Rusiyada az qahl hm ~cyi inkara
qada r gcdib lxan qiivva U.:lrlo mhafizakar zad<Jganlann miibarizasi - idcyalanlll tab lig edirdiso da bu zaman on xalala brunm$ buxara lm dedikd<J chtiyatlm ha r bir yeniliyi drd gzlo,
eyni darecDda laqeydlikla qar~ llayan mhafizakar Petcrburq
scnzorlanlll v:a digar mamurlan ll.:lza rda tuturdu.
Bu ad Buxara tarmalamasm t:arkibinde i~ l,m mok l a bu
mqayisenin uguriu grnmosina yardull elmj ~di r: JUlII JlBYrop6bli 6yrop n01IOcaThl, KaK 6yxapeKa5I Tapr.IaJ1<11\la, eIlIl,CJl,
CIlBCCHBllllICb, 6YJno GopollaTblii CTa p lI K 113}t BOllOIO. (L!.aJllIlJCBCKll iL Bomm).
~

3 1 8~

Buxarah - yad, uzaq adam, dinsiz, kafir anlanunda: .. .Qafqazda 0 kitna ara gc tmalidir? Cerkoz kny az tnarru? - Allah san
saxla!oAxl onlar da tu rk lor vn bux aral rlar kimi dinsi zdi rlar, xristiun dcyi llor <<,l.1,a BCJlb OHlI ' ITO TypKH, n a yxapnsr He xprrcrr.t
(IlYlllKIIIl . O rp t.uucn 11 IIa6poCKlI ).
Buxara lor pagl - 1Jcpcncn, ronopnr, ucpca I ~ YJJ a i , ryr
cci i'tac IJ 6YllCT yx ap cxau 3CMmL TaK He fiyx apcxaa - fionrap CKa5l ! - BOeKJIlI KHYJ1 Jl (Iupu nm . 113 eocnoxnmauan p5IllOBOrO
H nan o na. rn . VI) . Ort a Asivan m , xsu silu zbokistanm fa th i ilo
rus-lurk mharibos i (1877- 1878) zarnan ardtcrlhgr nozare almmaqla dCJ11uk olar ki, eyni vaxta dsr. Bu mh ariboda istirak

eden srravi rus osgcri Buxarn ilo Bolqans tam - bolqar torpagnu
ayud ede bilmir. Fatch ordu osga rlerina yazii va cyni zamanda
rus-turk mh nrib osinin istirakisr Qarsinin istehza s: rus ordusunun qan hor isliyi, qan tokmokdan basqa isi olmayan esgerlera
ynnl r nisdir. O d ur k i, zabitin iradma qars i soyuq biganelikle: Hy
f iyprapckaa , y xapcxan, Ka K TaM cc no -aaureuy; He BCC 01llW,
~ITO JIIl? (Y ene orada). B u ard i-aras r kosilmeyon mharibe lerda
(bu yriisda K mm rnh aribasi istirakist olan qoca osgerlerdon
b a ~l a llll ~ , yaxm Trk stamn istilasmda istirak ctmis gene
e sgorlorc qcdor ha1111 istirak edir) d ys n n anladrgi bir scy
var. Harrun Buxara ilo Bolqunsta tu qansiq salan osgcrin psixoJogiyas1111 Q ar ~in askvrsay agt dvqiq an[atr . 3HaJIl1 MbI TOJlbKO, ' (10 TypKY GUTb HnCM, nOTOMY 'ITO on Mlloro KpOBH npOJIlIJl.
Arc!Ina gstvrir ki, cia takca buna gra yox , ham da Dna gra
ki , 0 hu q:adDr adaml davaya ca lb cdib, evi n i -e~iyj J1 i atJb mharibuyn qo~ulm 3ga macb ur cdib mha riba de ~o vin is t scvgilvw
gr,) qO~ ll!u b j ~t i ra k cdan Q a r~in arltq bu asg arin j andarm nafa rin;) cvrildiyini rgli ii.' 'v <J bu naticay:a ga lir: Typr<a np ~lI:CTaB
JJ, JJlC Jl 6YllTOB11IJIKOM, :ratJlI lJIlUJ KOM, KOToporo H)0KHO YCMHplJTb
11 1l0KOpJlTb ( YeIF) orada).
Sihir. Sibirla bagh ll1qay isal:ar va frazco loj i ifada [er
AZ;lrbaycan dilindD gcni$ yayl1 1111$U[r: Bir yan Sibir, bir yan q;)bin> : srgLi n, ca za ycri kimi D l d;:m ~ay aq d an llzaq ycr: i ~ ach gaklll d~ ) eh) hil hUI111 Sibim gnd,Jrirlvr; AXl rda Niko lay p ad ~ ah
~

319

tax tdan dsd , Sib irin yol lan arldi (eAbscron). Rus dilin do
Sibir yz illerdi r ki, srg n, hans, katorq a an lanunda qa bul
edilir. Mypaaaercxaa:
- are nonn or ; Ja 3TO Cuupr. (OT}{ aCT
nHCbMO 4 yr YliORY) (<<13oJIlm H ouuu). A Ll.lannmm KaK
p.ll BKHCT: (B Cn Gu pH CrI/OIO, II xannam.r 33KYIO - cnymai MOli
n pnxaa. (5YHJIII . Bropofi Ko(VeiillHloi). Puskirtin Bo ris Qod unov asarindo Sibir habsxana, qandal, klobu k (mccburi mo nas tra gnde rilmek, comiyyetdcn uzaqlasdm hue q) kimi C,)Zi1
vasitalerindan bir idi r: Bi zi ho r gn gzdon dilsm a k g zleyir.
ha bs, Sibir, klobuk va ya qanda l.
R us be di i di lindo bu topon im bir srra tarkibl a rda islenmekla (renu u Cn 6Hp, CH6lIpCKHi KOT (as iq), CllGI1pCKa?l 5l3Ba
(meca zi m a'nad a}, CHGUpHbJi POll (la yaqe tsiz nosil, soy) Vu s.
Rus ba dii dilindo is lenen <a eTIJlbIH CU6HP ifada sinin ya ranm asim I Nikolaya (1825-1855) istinad cdirle r: Nikclay ilk
alvcrisli fiirsatdan istifado ederak M ur avyovu n g izli camiyyatla
kemis elaqesini. suavi csgo rliya keirlib isti Sibiru (QafqaZll1 bela ad land rran imp cratorun mch riba nhqla sylodiyi zarafat)
g ndo ritmasi, Ycrmo lovla dostlugu , dckabr isorlo qahumluq
alaqalarini onun yadma saldi (Russkie me mu ar i (1800-1 R2S)

s.69.
Dc kab ri stler syamm amansrzhqla yatmnaqla h akim iy yota
gelruis bu m stebid a r Sibir va Qa fqazr cyn i dor ocodc srgn
va katorqa ye ri kim i bir tuturdu . Sib irin fethi ila bir za man dan
(X VI osr) buran m srgn, ka torqa ycri ki mi isle nmosi ma qsa d i
(g na h karlan n cazalandmlmasr va knnalaf hcsab ma bura lan n ma skun la~dm lmasi - zabt o!unmas l) rno'lum id i. Hu X IX v5rin b a ~ l an glcilld a Qafqaz cvbh'3S) a I!ana kim i ka nkrct l11'3'nada idi. Lakin gnahkarlarm soyuq , ~ax ta h Sibir e vazina dag h Jarla mharibayo gnda rilmasi bu cannat kimi ycrin Sib ira d nmasi idi . A.cxov O .Knippera znn maktublannda m a skunl a~dlg l Kmml ( isti Sibini adlandmrdl (lllyGml. ll.onOJlIlCIIlIC K
noprpeTaM). Bur ad a <dsti Sibi["}) ifa dasini ll ma 'na tut umu da ha
gcni~d ir. Ma'lumdur ki, exovun ya~adlgl K lfl m vi layvti Ol1un
z x o ~ un a (sahhutina gre ) sed iyi ycr idise da burada qalmaq

320

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umcburiyynt inda idi . Yenico qu rdugu ai lada n trii keirdiy i

nigaran thq Vu he ye canlar dogrudan da bu k nll seilrnis ycra
Stbir, fa qut iqlim ca farqli s rg n xaraktcri ve rirdi.
Sibir to ponirni rus adahiyyatmda bir stra te hqirli ifad alunn, svst on n terkibinde is ledilmak!a ha rrun m a'nant sax la111I ~(h r : A Th! yfinpaca BOII , CJ-16HpHhIH TDO H POll d)CrJl bI C B
Honopocca noj : Si bir pisiyi asi q, vurgun o lma q va bu zaman
zn unutmaq . A vro JW1Y!llKa nam BJlJOGJlCH, KaK CHGHpCKHH KOT,
TaK R 3TOM.Il nac aanepsno (Zlocroeecsnii. Ccno Crcnan-mxoeo...H).
CJJ6UpCKa5I }I}Ba : (qargrs ba dd ua) ; "4T06 Te R3BHJla R3Ba CH6l1pCKajJ! (,l.1,ocToeBCKHH . 3amICKH HJ Mepr ao ro ,n:0J\i3) ) .
Si bir adt c lave bir SZ'3 ch tiya c olm ad an da birb asa srgn, caza kator q a ma'nasm r verir: Yz ill ar bo yu tarakanlr rok
yeya rik, biz i he hans: Sibirlo bu Iez zatde n m a h rum eda bil mozs iniz ((CKOJlbKU MOCKBCKaH: )ln13H m~ .. .) .

Y cni bth o lunan ycrla rin ad nu n fateh la ri n d ilinde da yi sik

taloffz tebii idi. l3ir ox hallar da badii es c rlarin diliade
Bakt toponiminin Baka sak linde isled ilme sin a rast ge lme k
ol ur. Usp ensk inin yarad tcthgmda rast gal diynuiz qoc a asga rin
Qafqaz, xsusan Bakt haqqmdaki efsanevari h ckayalari a n ox
da bu Iop onim lnri n dcy ilisinda ki Ia rq li ceh otlaruan d ogm usdur.
M~>I1 mx tclif ycr lorde yasadtm. Polsada, Qafq azd a (Ha Fanxa3C) V;;:J ad nofasli Bak rd a (B Bas e ort re m nuai hue) ox scyler
grdm , ada m lar dan o x scy csitdi m . Bu bizim Bakrda (a 3TOll
Eaxc], Suraxant za vodunda (Suraxanskorn zavo d c) tatar Abdulla
a tatar nagi lianm sylordi.
K az<l n/IQ az<l n, Qazan yet imi . M usa Ad ilov Qanadll
szlem kitabmda bu ifadv haq qm da yazlr: 1552-ci ilda QroZllIlllIl Qazal1l [ath l ctl110si la byk Qazan xa nligl l118hv cdila ra k

, Mosk vad,! - Q/7.1/ Mcydan da bu gn lanlnizda VasJ!i Blajcnnf mu'badikimi famdf"I0 miJht?>'Wl ab/di j. K z.1n xa nltjjl lizorindo qol,7bo /mnasib ofJ! f/ki/mi$dir . BU
JIIiJ biJdlfl, gUlIIbiVliJrmlfl ra ngmang ka$//iln Kaun li) fiJ ol unarkiJll dajjldJf.1I1 cmi3
':'liJSCldmm qunlll.:071 .I!il finl,m f1U;WII k.1,~I~'lfIdf{. Hu .1bida 7.L K azan xanhjjfJ1fJ1Rusiya
11(/111 h. IIIS/ .m1Jl uJ.. iJ/nr ya rada bJlJm iJYI va bu qalabanin Rlfs dv/iJti Ijinda ncca
lJiJfl/fyyafh oldu~!Iunu gs ranr.

1JI/~

321

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...
I

Mosk vaya tab e cd ilmi sd i . Qazaruu tatar za daganlan tcz liklu SiJraya yo l tapmaq , d vlotla rini (var-dov latlorini - N.M.) sax lama g , artrrmaq n m xtali f y ollar aram ag a basladrl ar, bun/a rm
hatta bir oxu xri stianhgi qa bu l crmi s. oxlan da galib xte rin i
zaval h g rk ama sah b Moskvada mc skun lasudrlar .!
Demal i, Oazan yctimi ifade sinin le tifa va ri ah valat a o xsayan izahr bcledir. Bu ifadc basqaiannda zn a rahm ovarmaga

ahsan, zlorini yaziq gstoron adamlau saciyyolandirir. Bunin in Ken d povcstindo Tixonla Yakovun shbori zarnam Yakov
zn qesden kasrb gsterirsa Tixon istchzayla ona: Snacxr J\l l,l
nac, xasancxnx cup ort ,QeIlKY ornan , xranoro :;.KCIIIIJl, JICl! h nl
ecrt.. 'Icro r e6 e curc OT rocnona 6ara )KeJJaTh?" - deyir.
B u ifada nin is ladilmasinin znomexs us sit ua ti v xsusiy-

yatle ri vardtr. Mese la n. hamisa zna rehrn oyatmaq ista yen

terefa qu laq asan on a e'tina ctm ir, vaziyyatin ta biihyina inan mi l'. Odur ki, bu ifada houuso laqcydl ik Vu soyuql uqla hom du
ist ehza ila islad ilir. Ya zti V.Tendryak ovun Paranya hc kay usindo n: Man sahv cda bilerom nadensa ... Ax , K azan yct im iyezi (CHpoTHHym Ka Ka3aHcKa~) . 2
B a'za n bu toponi m diger szler!a tor kib daxilindo do (CI<Or na a K 33 a H c Ka~ ) sy s ki mi istifnda o lunsa da ycna do K azan ta tar maska ni nad anh q , cyalet ycri kimi gsturi lmi$Jr. Zab it ta tar a sgare ma $ga la zamam de yi r: ~<fOBOplI, KaK TIloe p)')i-be Ila3hlBaerCR, CKoTHHa Ka3aIlCKaR? (KynPlHi HolmaH Cl\leHa).
KaZallf) yer ad1l11l1 lUS ba d ii ta fakkliinda ta 'siri g cl dr. Bu sz lU S badi i taxayy lndiJ yeni assos iasiyalar d oguraraq
bi r zaman lar mhta$ am K azan xanhg1l1lil gcn , $h ratini a tdmr: A.To lst oyun Petr PervlY asa rinda : Ha uapcKoM I\ICCTO
llO,ll arIblM lllaTpoM CTOnJlO C0 4)h~ GYJlbTO-CaMa BJIa,llllIla Ka3a llC Ka~ CTOIIT nOJllllaTpoM .
m umiyyatlv Trkstanl a bagiJ ye r adlan rus badi i diiIH\;.l
ox hallarda a laidlcl >is teh zae d ici, bunlarla brabar gclii mct aI

MAdi/ov . QanadbszJar. B., (( Ya71w . J988, s.6J .

1 B.TelliJpRKotJ_lloKyweHlIe lIG _IW / W .)IC Al..

K U II .)IC.

n a.wma, / 988. c..U 6.

forik sociyyo do istifada cdilrni sdir. Danilevski nin Azadhq

(BOJIH) romatu nda qayd a-qan un h km srdy, madani rus mulkudnr kundi bu st n kcyf iyynt la ri ile K ok and kabas i/k
mqayise cdilir: Konsk iy s rrt m lkodar ke n d idi r. 0 K o kand
k u dcyil, biz de s izi n!e kaln u k at hlan de yil ik .
S aray top oni mi dij rus dilindo rncyyen emosiya lar ifada
eden bir vasitodir. Asagrdakt rnisalda orde sz ilo birfikde
(Saray ordas fa lakat, bodbextlik real tar ix i h ad isanin ba dii taco ssm kim i toqdim OIUlIUr: Ucqarlarda, yoxsu l va di la nilik
hkm SI"\) Il taraflordo z mahvedici nat iealerins gra czam ,
yang m Saray ordasuuu basqmlanna berabor tu tu lan fe takat bas
nlrb gcdirdi (vcn cn cxa . J-13 6HorpaqmlI ... ). K iik qa za sahe rini
bryon achq , sofalet, dil nn ilik, s ta lik me'ne vi d sknlk
yaz rm m fik tinca yangm , apqtnhq, S aray ordasmt n basqml ann a
barnba r tutula biler.
Sk.ifiya. Rus budii di lindo skif ctno ni mi kimi Ski fiya lka adt da tc z-tcz islc dili r.
Skiflya Puskinin ca nub se'rlcrinde islatdiy i maqsadli
s zla rdan dir. Sair Q ara daniz sahi llerin i Ski f sa h ille ri alan drn r: Sk if sah illo rind c y en i sakin . 1820-c i ilin yaz mda Pu sk in ca nuba srgn cdilir. On sakkiz asr zndon evvel is a imper ato r
Avqustun Ro m ad en srgn etd ird iyi Ovidi Nazan bu ycrlerde
halak olmu~du. Odur ki , ~air Ovidiym, ~e' ri n da bu tarixi hadisa
ile Z taleyinda bir oX$arh q grr, h e m in ~e'fd a do z v ataninizmlks z tapoIori, k lgas iz qarh, soyuq Skifiya adland mf.
Tabii k i, PU$ki n bu lka adll ll ya ll11z cDllubda kcm i$ Skifl er lka sindiJ i ~ i o d iJ bil miJsi inandmcl griina bilirdi.
Skifiya) - yer adl kimi yazll Da nilevskini n maqs e d ina
x idm <:Jt etm<:JkliJ bo rabm tarix i ma kan , co gr afi regi on barada
m~)'l um at verir: Ho lIeGo OlUiTb lIaxMyplIn och, HaneTcnH c ceIlCpa T )"lll, H HOBopoccml, IOIKllopyccKa51 l-1Tan H ~ o n~Tb CTaHOBIITOl MqnBo lo , CypOBOIO CKHeimeiL (<<EerJlb le iJ IIo IlopoCCHlf)).
Skifiya - er.ov. 7-2 asrl"lrda antik malliflerin asarla rind2
Qa ra danizin ~ il11ai sahiik)r inin adl ki mi i l anm i ~ d i r. Ski fiyr
K m m lii Vu Q ara dani zin $imaI ray onlan da daxi l oJm aqi a D li
~"'1l;; =" 323 ~ ~

nay vo Don aylarrr un munse bluri arasm dak t urnz iui e luuu cdi rdi. E.a . 5-4 asrlarda n cranuzm 3-c es nno qedu r bu uruzide Skif
d vlat i mvcud idi .!
Haqqmda damsrlan ye r Dan ilevskini n cmos ionalhq la Skifiya adlan drrd rgr Novorossiya kcmis Suc uq tanx i vilayen roxm ina n yz ij erzindo 18 va lv-cu as rin ovvallorindo Trki yc ila
d rd slh mqavilasina e sasen - 1729. 1774, 1791, 18 12 hissahissa Rusiyaya kcmi sd ir. Yaz tuuu isle tdiyi hamin s z - Sk i ya bu yeni zab t ul unmu s torpaq larda gcdan moskunla sma va bu radaki yeni ho ya tm bir sira cobetler ini aks ctdi rir. Yazrr viln yatin tarixila soslesen Skifiya top onimin i ona g ro xa ttrladir ki.
indi Rusiyan m canneti - ltali yasr sayrlan bu yc rlor ruslasdm lmaqda ika n ql ~ galir. buralardan BI-ayaq akilir VB qarh-saxtalr,
lakin quru rus qrsmdan farqli olaraq zig-palrq onu a vvo lki grkem ina -ve hsi Skifiya ya dnden r.
K uprinin Ag pudcl aserind a IHJ lo yc rli a haf tilrk la r,
rkazla rdir: 11 napozt TaM , par cu coneen JH I KOBll ll ll h Il: TypKIl,
n c p CIO KiI , nepxecn paan ue, ace R xan ar ax 11 C KII H )K a.n: a~fII , OT l.J.anllHbllf na pon nunca (Kyn pnn. Iicnu nyncn).
Bu ycni zab t ol an ye rlar tarixi haqi qnto uygu u ularaq Tatan stan, ha tta K rdstan ad land mlmaqla qauuu-qaydadan uzaq
ycr, gerida qalnu s lka , inkisaf enne mis avam di yar ki m i qiymat la ndirilir. Ha min mc llifin - Dan ilcvskinin Azadhq rom amnda miilkudar Rubaskin z nn ml k dol astqlrgmd an ya na bu
yerl<J rJ a ki qa nunsuz luq, zba~ lIl a l l q, 1l18'm urlan n Z i~ IQ rill<:l
laqeydliyi bara da fik ir yrd iir: Bi l" tnrn[O<:l 1l bura as il Ta tanstan, Krdiistand lr, dig a r turDfdan is cia <lna l11 JZ Rusiva da z
evinda ki ki mi burada kn sah b yerl u~ l11 i ~dir dcyamk Rusi ya
qanun-qaydalan n1l1 h e Ta tanstan -Kiirdst<lll l qaydala nndan
farqlanma diyi ni gstari r. Tarx i reaI Hsarkm l<l belv Skifiy a mada ni Rusiyaya qar~l d uran veh ~i lk <Jler m'n3slJlda aza clq
nmcazi ra nglnrla ve ril ir. exov Qor kiyn hel1l i ~v li k l11 Sk llll l a~ d l
gl K m mda n - Ya ltadan ya zlrdl ( 19DJ-c i il 18 mart lar ix li Illu k~

1.J.\1 J.l.CJ10;

n a nno, n O'-1T II IHlI.J.CrO He 3 11 3 10 ,

poccn anuu y IIpmKHBalOUlCMY B Tar apmt {l lcpeIlIIC Ka Fcpueoro I T., c.168).

. .'
.
. .
c xov TaTapJ1}1.)) yer aduu he do mZlbatl-~raZI tcn~lIl1

KaK 1I0Jl0 6 aCT

kimi islat mir . 0 bu yer adim hilarakden, ham haq lqata ~ o..I Ue rin Kt n mn u - as it Tatar lkosi rus n uzaq, ayrt btr lka,
ham de a ldun-ay aq dan uzaq ya d hiera gusa ma'nasmda i~lud.ir.
Tarixi Solovyov da kazak lann K ondrati Bul avinin ba~ lltgl. ila
Don boyun ca va Azov atrafinda Sanqanusda (indi : Zaporojyc)
Pyotr Rusiyasma qars i qalxr sma suu ._. nOJlltIlMaJlaeh crcns.
1I0Jll llfMaJIOCb A31U1., Cl\lIep ml Ha ucnaxopyccx ue r opona, npoT~I~
euponciicxoii P OCCIIII . . _~,. 1 Sok linda qabul ctd ikd~ bu t.~n~l
ha di soni kono bii tob ie t had isela n dayarinda gsten r. Tabu ki,
burada a ll ox Asi ya , Skifiya kim i konkre t ad larm saxladrgt badii tt/sir gc aynca rola r nalikdit. K apride Rusiyadan kan arda
yasay an Qorki Rus iya haqqm da ham kader, iron iya va ge.~a
se zilau dogm all qla Skifiya admi isledir; N.A .Rum yan tseva oz
Jostu Buninin Rusj yaya gcun csini xaba r vc rir: 3aBTp3 ycaacaer B
C Klt411110 l. tn. Ilym fH... (M . rO p hK Ii 11 l1 S .EYlII lH , c.447-48). HorO BOp Jl Bl Ili ICl.> .IIJl OJIL 0
IlOeT)!X u e mci

5YllJKaKe

11 0

BCCX .nOCTo ll pllM e 4 aT CJlb -

Eeccapaf icxoi Tara pnn ,

H RbIK pa,ullBa IOCL n c aa -

c nonx 'I.IITaTcJI ci, or op n e e JIl060n LlTeTBO ~1

nporynuumorca CIIJ,C na JIOJlKaX n o BHJlKOSCKOM xau anax, coopaiK;]}! l ITO Oll ll II A MCC'fep,i..lal\I C ( A .cl) ,B en T h Ma H . CTpaH ~I.1I K~~).
Yer adl ann m metnforik sac yy a du ban za tmB vasI1 8S1 01maSJ bil' ox hal lanla h<Jm in ycri n qiym a tli maddi sarvatla ri ila
llm~hu rla~111a sl , tal1 111111aSI liJ bag hdlr. B<Jdii asa rl? rd~ toponimlvrdal1 m a yya n bir a !ama t, kcyfi yyat va ya hadl su Ila <lla
qvdur olan ;)raz inin ad1l11 fada etma k n istifad e oiunuf,2

MCT IIO li J roriuu

Rus b<Ju i uilinda (aCKII HCKHi

KOBep), E eceapa 6c Koc BlI -

II Q)}, <lCT<ll' x alic Kan HKp a, ap6Y3}), J{::J.MCKHC cTpennwm kimi

b.ldi t,)'yin mvqcyin da i ~ lunen ifada la rla yana~1 (masala n: Ha

/ C. ,\ !.(:nl00b('fI. l / m !!"II!! 1111l1CCK<111:X 110 l/CmOp llll POCl/II. IIllpa oQa, M.,
1 A .,\!.Qurb.1f1ol'. Pocf/J: OIIOIIIJsl ika. B ., / 988, 5.29.

I b"C3 , m,lJ. M,/ 976, l IJd... C3 . c.50t

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325

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/989, c.545,

t\.cpCMell'-l.yrcKuii
nOJlK, WnpB3I1CKI1i1:
AGIllCpOli CKUIl. 1I011K, Kapafiaxc xai nOJIK, K lt 311.llPCKIl
LJCP II ORP CK UH 1l0 JIK, Axxcpvanc xn nOIJK, l) yry n MuJlcKHii
LJcM6apcKllii non, IJaJl aKnaBCKIl W nORK, HaBarHH CKHll

IIUJt Y n e scan c rp oxnu. ni. IIYllCC Hbl ii x pacu st x TOHo n T C'W II C'I-.':lI ii
KOBCp. KYIlPH H. 3BC3,llbJ COJIOMOHa))); He IIlCJm r, ~1I~ " , He rn a3YMCRJI bJJar oyxaHHble lIapbl BeJ/I\IOIKcii l lCJIaIOT H3~CCT"OCTh

Ih Ma lW lJRCKll ii n OJl K, 1I 3 10 MCKIIlt ll UJIi<

n OHK.

Caparou cicuf nOJIK,

nonx,

CUCpIKaHJfII ) a ruq rus bedil dilinde ifada ctdiyi osyasiz islnnan

bu qabildon clan sz lero do rast galir ik: KIiCII.sJ pKa (Orztlyar iekisi)... asnnrna .H y nee r pn ny nura C KHCIHlpKO ii, a ara ncns pCKM .lJJUI ronoma HL.'T cc 1I0 1ln c (11CC I\:O B. Borrrem.nuna) :
Sibirka (kitabda verilmls izahda: KOPOTKlfii Ka~naII B TaJII IlO co

(J ICp MOIlTOB.

C60pKa1-ut n CHCBbICOKHMLI CTOJl 'llfM ROp OTIIII KOM) 51 rnxncn ... 1I

Ha K)'IlUa , u ensxayau rcro B c II6 11p Ke 113 ero nu x a pcccxax, 11
)"JKaciIJIC.sJ Mbl CJICHIlO

3a IIIIMII

6YilH)'lO

iKlf3 Hb IfX

(Torom.

Mpraue aym u). Astarxan qarp izi gcl mqayi sa vasitosi

olaraq taravotli: rayihali ma'nasma ckvivalcnt kimi istifado ohmmusdur. Hun, KaK OT aac Mop03aM TaK KpC IlK D W 1XII CT. T O' IH O
acr apxancxn ap ya 3pC3 aJ/1l (KynpII H. <dOlIKcpa).
Ycr adlan YB onlan n yeni qazandtqlan clave kcyf iyyat,
bunlann bu yeni maqamda islenmesi bir ox hallarda homin ver
adlan yla bagh yeni tazacc bas veran tarixi hadisal a rla snsla; ir:
(Mypaaaercsaa): B C5I.Kll e smaio r : CCTb ij TaKIIC, '1TO HC r ons xo
CBOIIM x03.sJikTBOM, a XOTb B XIIBY BOCBaTh nocunan (Ocr poncxn . Bomen 11 OBUbD . Bu komcdiya 1875-ci ilda - Orta
Asiyaya yr s baslandrgr illorde yazilrmsdr. T rk istarun foth i
sbhesiz, bu damsrqlan da yeni clcmcntle r!a zonginlesirdi.
Bir sira tiirk toponimlori sbratli, tarixi rus harbi alaylartnm admda hifz olunmusdur; 0111ar1l1 badii cserlerin dilinde xsusi slubi rnaqsod dasun asr da kommunikativ saciyyodo vcrilorok
trk adlanm a ks ctdirmak baxmu ndan qiymotlidir,
Rus ha rb tarixinde mhm yer tutan trk ycr adlanndan
formalasan alay adlaf! Z aksini tarixla bagl: ehni edobiyyatlarda, tarix ensiklopcdiyalarmda oldugu kimi bir ox badii asarl a rde de

tapa

bilmisdir: Bu ny

B caMLlii 3 aXOJlycTH LIii , B

IIYIlIK Il H, Fpnfiocnoe, fl .TOJlCTOi1:,

1 "1(,

WOJIOXOB

nonx ,
nonx,
nonx

va s.

ese rlc riude) .

Horbi alaylann ~<'J I1i)r adlan yla adlanrnasr Pyotr dvrndan

baslayu. Odur ki, alay adlan strastnda trk saher adlan da xucyC l! ycr tutur. 1724-c ilin noyabnnda Pyotr polklann daha
polkovniklarin adr ile deyil. onlan saxlayan vilayetlarin adlan
ila adlandmlmasma sa rancani vcrir (Bax: Puskin. l Pyotrun tarixi).

murniyyatla, ll ZUI1 as rlar boyu yarannn s ox gcl alaqalar sayesi nda rus dilina kemis trk mensoli onomastik vahidlarin todqiqi sbut cdir ki, bela leksik vahidlor rus camiyyet iuda,
cloce <ia rus modaniyyatinda trk sivilizasiyasmm te'siri kifayat
qadc r ah a miyyatl i darncada o lmusdur. Son iki yz ilin meshu t
rus yazir ViJ sairla ri, ziy ahlan - zne trk taxatls la ri g tran
sanatkarlar rus famili yah oda bi - ba dii personajlann trk man~al olma st. trk tarixi saxsiyyat adlanmn rus dilinde gcl badii vas ita kimi isfenmesi faktlan bu istiqamatda aras dtrma lann
zerurjliyini bir d aha tasdiqloyir.

caxtr.ni

33K3Ta.1hcKIl n eme nnn B rapnnoaon un 6 e3bIM5I.III1Lli i GIl r ansoa (Kynpnn . IO IIKepan); Kuprin bu ese ri 1916-cl ilda yazib tamamlanusdi r. Mxtalif memnar ada biyy atlan nda, 0 'cml::ld,m btldii Dda biyyatlarda: AXTblpCKHi n e liK, T CHn m CKu ii n OJIK,
~~

T CMp lOKCKIIH

<!N>

327

<!N>

-=====-

iSTiFADa ED iLj\ li ~ ,HKlIIi YYAT

Apa K 1I1I

8.)l. TIOp KCKlI C JIC KCII 4eCKHC c n e xrerrrt.t

~ 3bIKa MOH I"OJIbC Ko rQ n e pu o zra . B Kil . :

UII K<lX p YCCKOrO

Mbl H 1I0 CTO'1II0-CnaB JlIICK IIX 51]bl Ka X,

Abdu llayev ., Seyidov Y.. Hese nov A. Miiasir Azerbaycan dili. B., Maanf, 1973.
An ynanues Myranznnr A6 nyn ornu, Anarrran ns Typ K1I3MOB B HOBo rp e'-leC KOM }13bIKC.

Kaun.nucc, Cauer -Ilcrc pvpr.

1994 .

R n a xisr-

TJOPK U3

IhJl. Hayxa, M .. 1974 ,

c. I 12- 14 8.
Ax xrenmuo n Pel". H CKOTOphlC Ha3BaHlIC nonrane B rarapCKOM J1Jl,IKC .

~~CO RCTCKa.H rropx o n o r n s, 1978, N' , c.69-76.

I'T". 0 IICKOT Op bl X 3a ll MCT BOBam UIX B p y c U KIl. : U 3all '-l o lleicTBlie H B3a llMoo o r a W CHue H3b l 'OR lIal)OnOR CCC P, M.. Hayxa. 1969 , c.228-23 1.
AX McnoB [i .A .. MYK\III IIOBa p.r. TJOpKo -MOnrO JIbCKlle
AXMC1l1J1110U

( KOM In l.I KC.

A bdulkadrr Donuk. Id ari - Askcri nvan vc tcrimlcr; Istan-

bul, 1988.
Adilov M. M. Qanad h sz lar. B., Yazicr. 1988.
Aze rbaycan dilinin izahl r Jge ti (drd cildd a ). R.. AS E-nin
Ba, rcdaksiyasr, 1976-1987.
Azorbaycanca - rusca lgot. Tertib cdan i X .a. azizbiJYov.
Aze rna sr, Bakl, J 985.
Aza rbaycan Sovcr Ensikl opcdi yasr (on cilddc ). Hakt, ASE nin ba, redaksiyasr, Bakt, 1976- 1987.
Azerbaycan tarixi (7 ci ldda ) 1 C., B., Elm, 1998.
Akdes Nimc t Kurat. Rusiya tarihi (Bnslangrctan 1917-yc
kad ar) Trk Ta rih K urum u Basun evi. Ankara . 1983.

AJl CCKepOBa A.T. Kyrtpn u 11

B OCTOK

Kall)l zn rcc. Baxy,

1997.

Anesncpona X. T JOp KII 3M hl IJ pyccxoan.r-uro llpecee

A3ep6aHJlJKaHa. Kaan nu cc. BaKY, 1995.
AJIh-A6 6aeJl HOBaJIh Xcip n . Bocrok B ncxapuc rcxo
nnrcparype IlO 14 n cxapa. 1825 ro na 11 TBOP ' lccT Be B.K.KIOxcm.Gcsc pa. Kan n . nacc., Eaxy, 1998.
Anncu AA. O p )')KH C JlpCBlIIlX ananon . A KLI., T 6HJlII CII,
197 8.
Anncea (J).r.T Op KII 3M(,1 B Cp eJlIICBc KOBbl X rp Y31t11CKJlX
IfCTO'IIIIIK a x (Ha oenene rpys uuc x o J1CTOIHI Cil K a p TJII1C u x o f i-

pcna), AK.Q, 6a. y, 1992 .

A p aKII H

B.L!..

CKIIX n OBe CTjlX

N' 3, (c.28-37).

328

-=====-_

XV-XVII

BB. (~COBeT

1987. N~4, c.37-45.

Axun dov A. Dil va modon iyye t. B., Y az ri, 1992.
A III)'K1I11 H.C. . A Ill)'KJt H3 Mf " . Kpsinans c CJIOBa. lhnoXy.'lO/KC'CTRCllll a Jl n urepnr ypa . M., 1987.
Bab aycv Adi l. Azorbaycan dilili yinin tarixi. Bak t. BD U
nosriyyau . 1996.
lla acu K.P. CCllia ll Tll 4CCKHC mae neuua TI Op KII3MO B "PU
JlX aauxrcmoaa mm . <tC'onCTCIGHI TIOpK OJIOnUm , 1972, N~2 , c.47-53.
limapona Jl .X . K am xr onornn IICKOTOpbl X n p c DII CT IOp KCKlIX lIa3 11J Il Il ~X nTiIU. CO ll CTC Ka~ nO pKOJIOnU[)), 1975, N24,
c.II -22.
CI\<lR -ncpxonorn s ,

Baymuxammctov S. Knyaz xar, Alcksandr Novski va

Dmitri Donskoy kirna va na ya xidrnot cdirdila r? Odobiyyat qazct i, 27 avqust. 1999. Jh rre par ypnaa I'ascrasd an torc ma .
l ; a c K<lKOB

H.A., A6acB B .l1., Leprara ce P.A

np,

Pa3B H-

T IIH 11 0 6 0rall(C Il JlC p y eeKo r o aa uxa s a e -te r 3au McTBoBall uH U3

5I3L JKOB II apo11o B

eccp>, - R Kil . B3 aJIM011eI:IcTBIIC 11 B3a UMoo6occr, M., HaYKa, 1969, cTp.49-63.

ramen n e H31>1J<OB lI apOJlOB

H.A. Py eCKJ1 C q,all1H11IUI 1I0 p KCKOro

M.. ll ayxa, 1979, IJ., 5I3bllIbI , 1992.

Ilac s n x oe
,UCIIJlU .

I;acKJKoB II .A. 0

Pyc'rto p eon cru s. 1979,

T lO p KCKIlC JlCKCJIlICCKIlC C1ICfIICll Thi 0

11 CKaJ<lHIl}1X , COBCTCK,HJ

(l;;>

1 3 I1MCT HOn <l 1lIl C n e p Cm I.JhI'IIILI X XpOHIlK

B P YCCI\O ~1 U1 1.IKC
p y c c Ko r o

(no

}1lbIK;I ).

T IOpKC KIIX JI CKCII '-ICC KIi X

sausrcr oeanaax

cr p a u u ua et ')T1I M OJlOr ItlICCKOr o

1\'1.. eacx rcpa).

329

cnoa aps

C o Bc TCKa }! T IOpKOJlOn l}! ,

1983, N, 4 (c. 13-20) , I maqa la .

(l;;>

II POllCXOIK -

(l;;>

-=====--

,.
f

I
I

aCKaKOB

B .A. 0 n Op KCK II X JI CKCH y eCK II X aamrcru ouauu (11 moqalu.), COBCTCKaJI TIOPKOJIOllfH : 19X4.

h y11J3 KOB B.A. T CpMUHbl o603 Ha'IaIOllUIC CCJICH IlC a xp

-ronon uxtuu Kpuma . C OBCTCK<UI T IOp KOJlO rJlJm, 198

CTp .28-37.
Vcysma nn Nauru . Y cnieriler. Osmanh as kcri reskilauru
tcdqi q i (trkcc yc terc mc) T rk D nyasr Tarih dcr gisi, 199.:

~X B P YCCKOM 513 b IKC

HOCTIl B

N<>4, Clp. 10-16.

Eacxaxon H.A. 0

N~2 ,

HIUI X B PYC C KO ~1 .SI3bI Ke

n op Kc KII X JIC KCH '-ICCK II X

(111 m o q ale ) .

Jalt~lCl ao na-

COBCTCK3.S1 T IOp KOJIOrl UI ;

1985, N21 , crp. I I- 19.

Bacxaxos H.A. T IOp KCK3 H JICKCII K3

Ne83 , s.39-54 . '

H

Cnonc 0

n OJl KY

l lro-

pene, M " Hayx a, 1985.

IiacK3KoB H.A. Trrrynt .t 11 3Ba lll HI B con nam.uo CTPYKlYpe sm m c ro X II BII H c Ko ro X3 11 CT BO C OBCTCK3 51 T I0p KOJIO lDO>.

1989, N21 , c.63-70.

Hcna (IKYP llaJl),

C J..) Y1l1lH bIM,

Bax-ruca W .3. K an n rono r nu

lIa3B "UIIHI {OKll rym m 11 IICI\O-

rop ux TCpM lI lIO B cy.uOXOJlCT H3 TYll KOJBLI 4 110ro II PO IlCXO;+;J1CIIIUI

(COBCTCKa51 'nopxonorus , 1974, N!! I , c.62-65.

Bcdrcddi.n Aytac. Arap lahcclc rindcki trkcc kcl imclcr,

TDA Vak fr, - Istanbul, 1994.
Bcmmcxn Hf", Ih6 p a Hll bi c cra'n,n. rJ p ll BOJDKCI\ OC KI lJ11KHoe 11 311<lT eJI bCTBO, Caparoe, 1974 .
Bnarona f .eI>. Bapnarmu. rc 3a ll MCT BOBa H WI T)'POK-TIOPK H
P YCCKOM jj JLIKC, B KH. : Tropsonor nuecxn C60Pll lf K, 1972, M.,
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] lJX (l ,

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