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Do, Does or Did

Inthesimplepresenttense,dowillfunctionasanauxiliarytoexpressthenegativeandto
askquestions.(Does,however,issubstitutedforthirdperson,singularsubjectsinthepresent
tense.Thepasttensedidworkswithallpersons,singularandplural.)

Idon'tstudyatnight.

Shedoesn'tworkhereanymore.

Doyouattendthisschool?

Doesheworkhere?

Theseverbsalsoworkas"shortanswers,"withthemainverbomitted.

Doessheworkhere?No,shedoesn'tworkhere.

With"yesno"questions,theformofdogoesinfrontofthesubjectandthemainverbcomes
afterthesubject:

DidyourgrandmotherknowTruman?

Dowildflowersgrowinyourbackyard?

Formsofdoareusefulinexpressingsimilarityanddifferencesinconjunction
withsoandneither.

Mywifehatesspinachandsodoesmyson.

Mywifedoesn'tlikespinach;neitherdoI.

Doisalsohelpfulbecauseitmeansyoudon'thavetorepeattheverb:

Larryexcelledinlanguagestudies;sodidhisbrother.

Raoulstudiesashardashissisterdoes.

ThesocalledemphaticdohasmanyusesinEnglish.
a. Toaddemphasistoanentiresentence:"Hedoeslikespinach.Hereallydoes!"
b. Toaddemphasistoanimperative:"Docomein."(actuallysoftensthecommand)

c. Toaddemphasistoafrequencyadverb:"Heneverdidunderstandhisfather.""She
alwaysdoesmanagetohurthermother'sfeelings."
d. Tocontradictanegativestatement:"Youdidn'tdoyourhomework,didyou?""Oh,but
Ididfinishit."
e. Toaskaclarifyingquestionaboutapreviousnegativestatement:"Ridwelldidn'ttakethe
tools.""Thenwhodidtakethetools?"
f.

Toindicateastrongconcession:"AlthoughtheClintonsdeniedanywrongdoing,
theydidreturnsomeofthegifts."

Intheabsenceofothermodalauxiliaries,aformofdoisusedinquestionandnegative
constructionsknownasthegetpassive:

DidRinaldogetselectedbythecommittee?

Theaudiencedidn'tgetriledupbythepolitician.

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