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FOOD & DIGESTION

4.1 Food and its molecules
20 FEBRUARY 2014
PREPARED BY : TEACHER HIDAYAH

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Learning Outcomes
1) List the chemical elements that make up:
carbohydrates,
fats,
proteins.
2) Describe the structure of large molecules made from
smaller
basic units, i.e.
simple sugars to starch and glycogen,
amino acids to proteins,
fatty acids and glycerol to fats and oils.

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Why we need food?
For energy
You need food to work your muscles and other body organs. Food
is the bodys fuel that keeps it going, without it the body would not
work.
For growth and repair
In order for your body to grow you need to make new cells. New
cells are also needed to replace old or damaged cells. Your body
makes these new cells from the chemicals in your food.
To stay healthy
There are lots of reactions taking place in the cells of your body to
keep you healthy and keep your body working. Certain chemicals
are needed for these reactions which can only be taken in from the
food you eat.

+Carbohydrates
carbon
hydroge
n

oxygen
lactose

element
s

Starch is also carbohydrates

Starch is made up of lots of
smaller glucose molecules

Sugars are
carbohydrates
sucros
e

We need
carbohydra
tes for
energy

glucos
e

Glycogen is also carbohydrates

We store glycogen in the liver and muscles

Sources of carbohydrates :

+Proteins
haemoglobin
keratin

antibodies
Examples of
protein

collage
n

We need protein
for growth and
repair of cells

enzymes

nitrogen

oxygen
element
s

Sources of protein :

carbon

hydroge
n

+Fats
Saturated
Fats from
animal
It too much can
cause heart
attack

Unsaturated
Fat from plants

Two
types
of fats

carbon
hydroge
n

oxygen

element
s

We need as store
of energy and
warmth

Sources of fats :

+Factors affecting nutrition

occup
ation
Body
size

Gend
er
Healt
h
condit
ion
age

Why
Why
Why
Why
Why

do you think that males usually need more energy than females?
do manual workers need more energy than office workers
does the 14 years old boy need more energy than male office worker?
does pregnancy increase the energy needs of a woman
does a breast-feeding mother need more than a pregnant mother?

Exercise
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1. Why do you think that males usually need more energy than females?
___________________________________

2. Why do manual workers need more energy than office workers?

___________________________________

3. Carbohydrates contain the elements ; _______________, _______________, and

_______________
4. There are three type of carbohydrates ; _______________, _______________, and
_______________
5. Proteins contains elements ; _______________, _______________,
_______________ and _______________

6. Proteins are made up of long chains of _______________

7. Fats are made up of; _______________, _______________, and _______________

8. There are two types of fats; _______________, and _______________,

9. Eat too much of _________________fats, it can cause blood vessels become

_________. This can increase the risk of a ___________.