Flight AND Performance Planning: Private Pilot Licence

FLIGHT PERFORMANCE
AND
PLANNING
PRIVATE PILOT LICENCE
HELICOPTER MANUAL
SACAA-02
FOR EXAMINATION PURPOSES ONLY
SOUTH AFRICAN
CIVIL AVIATION
AUTHORITY
SACAA-02
CONTENTS
Page (i)
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 - PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
1-1 .........Figure
1-2 .........Figure
1-3 .........Figure
1-4 .........Figure
1-5 .........Figure
1-6 .........Figure
1-7 .........Figure
1-8 .........Figure
1-9 .........Figure
1-10 .......Figure
1-1..............Airspeed System Calibration

1-2..............Density Altitude Graph
1-3..............Wind Component Graph
1-4..............Hover In Ground Effect Graph
1-5..............Hover Out of Ground Effect Graph
1-6..............Never Exceed Speed (Vne) Graph
1-7..............Normal Operating Speed (Vno) Graph
1-8..............Maximum Continuous Power Table
1-9..............Autorotation Performance
1-10............Height-Velocity Diagram
SECTION 2 - MASS AND BALANCE

Page 2-1 .........Figure 2-1..............Mass and Balance Loading Form
Page 2-2 .........Figure 2-2..............Longitudinal CG Graph
Page 2-3 .........Figure 2-3..............Lateral CG Graph
PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter
SACAA-02
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-1
AIRSPEED SYSTEM CALIBRATION
140
CALIBRATED AIRSPEED - KNOTS
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
INDICATED AIRSPEED - KNOTS
Figure 1-1: Airspeed System Calibration
140
SACAA-02
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-2
DENSITY ALTITUDE GRAPH
RD
NDA
STA
20,000
19,000
18,000
000
17,
000
16,
000
15,
000
14,
17,000
16,000
15,000
000
000
12,
000
11,
000
10,
0
900
13,
14,000
DENSITY ALTITUDE
000
18,
13,000
12,000
11,000
10,000
UR
SS
RE
800
9000
0
700
0
600
8000
7000
500
6000
400
5000
0
300
0
200
0
100
4000
3000
2000
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
TEMPERATURE - C
20
Figure 1-2: Density Altitude Graph
VE
E
AL
SE
1000
0
ES
UD
IT
ALT
30
40
SACAA-02
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-3
WIND COMPONENT GRAPH
10
45
30
20
35
40
40
30
50
25
60
20
70
15
10
10
80
HEAD/TAIL WIND COMPONENT - KNOTS
40
65 D
IN
W 0 ITY
6 C
LO
S
VE 55 OT
KN 50
ANG
20
LE
B
AND ETWEE
NW
RU
30 NWAY - IND DI
DEG REC
REE TION
S
50
90
100
13
-10
110
0
14
0
15
160
170
-20
12
10
20
30
40
CROSSWIND COMPONENT - KNOTS
Figure 1-3: Wind Component Graph
50
SACAA-02
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-4
HOVER IN GROUND EFFECT GRAPH
14,000
13,000
12,000
11,000
STANDARD DAY
DENSIT
9000
C
C C 10 0 C 0 C 0 C
+
0
+2 +3 +4
,200 FT
7000
-10
UDE 11
8000
-20
Y ALTIT
PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET
10,000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
GROSS WEIGHT - POUNDS
Figure 1-4: Hover in Ground Effect Graph
2300
2400
SACAA-02
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-5
HOVER OUT OF GROUND EFFECT GRAPH
14,000
13,000
12,000
11,000
STANDARD DAY
DENSIT
9000
,200 FT
C
C C 10 0 C 0 C 0 C
+
0
+2 +3 +4
-10
UDE 11
8000
-20
Y ALTIT
10,000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
Figure 1-5: Hover Out of Ground Effect Graph
2300
2400
SACAA-02
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-6
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
1000
2000
3000
+40
C
4000
+20
5000
6000
0 C
7000
8000
-20
9000 10 000
11 000 12 000 13 000 14 000 15 000
NEVER EXCEED SPEED (VNE) GRAPH
VNE - KIAS
Figure 1-6: Never Exceed Speed Speed (Vne)
SACAA-02
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-7
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
1000
2000
+40
3000
4000
+20
5000
6000
0 C
7000
8000
-20
9000 10 000
11 000 12 000 13 000 14 000 15 000
NORMAL OPERATING SPEED (VNO) GRAPH
VNO - KIAS
Figure 1-7: Normal Operating Speed Graph (Vno)
SACAA-02
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-8
MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS POWER TABLE
MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS POWER

PRESSURE
OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE - C
ALTITUDE
FEET
-20 -10
0
10
20
30
40
SEA LEVEL
22.4 22.6 23.0 23.4 23.6 24.0 24.4
22.2 22.4 22.6 23.0 23.2 23.6 23.8
2000
4000
22.0 22.2 22.4 22.6 22.8 23.0 23.2
6000
21.6 22.0
FULL THROTTLE
FOR MAX TAKE-OFF POWER (5 MIN LIMIT) ADD 1.1 IN.HG
Figure 1-8: Maximum Continuous Power
SACAA-02
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-9
AUTOROTATION PERFORMANCE
16,000
15,000
14,000
13,000
12,000
11,000
10,000
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
10
HORIZONTAL DISTANCE TRAVELLED - NAUTICAL MILES
Figure 1-9: Autorotation Performance
11
12
SACAA-02
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page 1-10
HEIGHT - VELOCITY DIAGRAM
650
AVOID OPERATION IN SHADED AREAS
600
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND LEVEL - FEET
550
500
7000 FT DENSITY ALTITUDE AT 2000 LBS
450
400
350
300
250
200
SEA LEVEL AT 2300 LBS
150
100
50
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90 100
INDICATED AIRSPEED - KNOTS
Figure 1-10: Height Velocity Diagram
110
120
130
SACAA-02
MASS AND BALANCE

Page 2-1
MASS AND BALANCE LOADING FORM
Basic Empty Weight
Weight
(lbs)
Arm Aft Datum

(inches)
Moment
(inch-pounds)
1350
105.5
142425
Pilot and Fwd Passenger
48.5
Fwd Baggage
43.0
Aft Passengers and Baggage
78.5
Total Zero Fuel Weight
Main Fuel
104.0
Aux Fuel
103.0
Total Loaded Helicopter
NOTE: The Maximum All Up Weight of this helicopter is 2300 lb.
Figure 2-1: Mass and Balance Loading Form
SACAA-02
MASS AND BALANCE

Page 2-2
LONGITUDINAL CG GRAPH
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500
1400
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
FUSELAGE STATION - INCHES FROM DATUM
Figure 2-2: Longitudinal CG Graph
101
102
SACAA-02
MASS AND BALANCE

Page 2-3
LATERAL CG GRAPH
4R
3R
LATERAL CG - INCHES
2R
1R
0
-1 L
-2 L
-3 L
-4 L
Figure 2-3: Lateral CG Graph
SACAA-02
MASS AND BALANCE

Page 2-4
ALLOWABLE CG MOMENT VS GROSS WEIGHT GRAPH
OM
EN
T
2300
OW
AB
L
EM
2200
AL
L
LOADED HELICOPTER WEIGHT - POUNDS
2100
2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500
1400
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
LOADED HELICOPTER MOMENT - 1000 INCH-POUNDS
Figure 2-4: CG Moment Vs Gross Weight
220
230

Flight AND Performance Planning: Private Pilot Licence

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Flight AND Performance Planning: Private Pilot Licence

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

FLIGHT PERFORMANCE

1-1..............Airspeed System Calibration

SECTION 2 - MASS AND BALANCE

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

AIRSPEED SYSTEM CALIBRATION

CALIBRATED AIRSPEED - KNOTS

INDICATED AIRSPEED - KNOTS

Figure 1-1: Airspeed System Calibration

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

DENSITY ALTITUDE GRAPH

Figure 1-2: Density Altitude Graph

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

WIND COMPONENT GRAPH

HEAD/TAIL WIND COMPONENT - KNOTS

CROSSWIND COMPONENT - KNOTS

Figure 1-3: Wind Component Graph

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

HOVER IN GROUND EFFECT GRAPH

PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET

GROSS WEIGHT - POUNDS

Figure 1-4: Hover in Ground Effect Graph

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

HOVER OUT OF GROUND EFFECT GRAPH

PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET

GROSS WEIGHT - POUNDS

Figure 1-5: Hover Out of Ground Effect Graph

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET

11 000 12 000 13 000 14 000 15 000

NEVER EXCEED SPEED (VNE) GRAPH

Figure 1-6: Never Exceed Speed Speed (Vne)

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET

11 000 12 000 13 000 14 000 15 000

NORMAL OPERATING SPEED (VNO) GRAPH

Figure 1-7: Normal Operating Speed Graph (Vno)

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS POWER TABLE

MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS POWER

Figure 1-8: Maximum Continuous Power

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET

HORIZONTAL DISTANCE TRAVELLED - NAUTICAL MILES

Figure 1-9: Autorotation Performance

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

HEIGHT - VELOCITY DIAGRAM

AVOID OPERATION IN SHADED AREAS

HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND LEVEL - FEET

SEA LEVEL AT 2300 LBS

Figure 1-10: Height Velocity Diagram

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

MASS AND BALANCE

MASS AND BALANCE LOADING FORM

Basic Empty Weight

Arm Aft Datum

Pilot and Fwd Passenger

Aft Passengers and Baggage

Total Zero Fuel Weight

Total Loaded Helicopter

NOTE: The Maximum All Up Weight of this helicopter is 2300 lb.

Figure 2-1: Mass and Balance Loading Form

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

MASS AND BALANCE