HIGHWAY PLANNING AND

DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
LECTURE 2

CHALLENGE OF HIGHWAY
ENGINEERING
safe and efficient
transport service
that conserves or enhances
the social, natural and built
environment

TODAY
understanding the process of
highway planning
demonstration of the role of
flexibility and creativity

HOW
could we plan a

GOOD
facility?

What are
the makings of a

GOOD
design?

How could the

QUALITY
be assured along
the planning process?

Which layout is better?

The layout is
judged
in the
CONTEXT
of the facility

Rkczi t
Would this one
be better?

Is this layout
acceptable?

Economical context

Social context
Context of natural
and built environment

Is it familiar?

Society

SD
Environment

Economy

The
BALANCE
among numerous
aspects, effects and interests
should be found

GOOD DESIGN
satisfies the safety and
mobility needs
preserves and protects
the environmental and
cultural values

The

GOOD DESIGN
is
in context
with its surroundings

The

GOOD DESIGN
is
in context
with its surroundings

The optimal solution

achieves the
GOALS
and solves the
PROBLEMS

The

GOALS
summarize
the needs

Society

Environment

Transportation

Definite
and
measurable
GOALS
INDICATORS

The goals
should be ranked
by their
importance

The solutions
could be
evaluated and compared
in the frame of the goals

A definite
PROBLEM LIST
is the best base
to determine the possible
solutions

Problems
are easiest
to be determined
in the relation of the goals
Could I sleep?
PROBLEM

Reduced noise
GOALS

and the significance

of problems

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
site observance
objective analysis
consultation

Always the
CAUSES
of the problems
should be
identified!

The SUITABILITY
of the solutions
should be
appraised
in reflection of
goals and
problems

The appraisal
should include
EACH OBJECTIVE

Performance targets
could be set
to the indicators

Indicators are
weighted
based on their
importance

If there are no
conflict-free
solution
than
the harmful effects
should be
compensated

STAKEHOLDERS
SHOULD BE INVOLVED
into the identification of
design context

There are
level of interest
different
phase of planning
LEVELS process
of public participation

INFORMATION
for the stakeholders

Information

CONSULTATION
for including opinions

Consultation

Information

DECIDING TOGETHER
with the affected
decision-makers

Decision
Consultation

Information

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
can significantly
increase
the success and
acceptance of the project

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
Determining
objectives

Assessing
problems

Identifying
possible
solutions

Appraising
alternatives

The

group of involved
stakeholders
and

the level of participation

should be carefully
determined
It is counter productive to involve the public in decisions
which are not negotiable or which have been already made

The
extent of decisions
which can be
affected
by the participation
should be clearly stated

Consultation
might not always be
appropriate!

How
to make

GOOD
designs?

The basic geometric

parameters
which determines the
physical characteristics of
the road
are given by the
standards

GOOD DESIGNS
requires more than

JUST
the application of the
standards!!!

The road
should be designed
IN THE CONTEXT
of its social and
environmental
surrounding

Balanced design
requires
FLEXIBILITY

BAD DESIGN
out of context with its surroundings
impacts on important natural and human
resources

FAILED

Every
road project is

UNIQUE
There are no
general designs

The task is to
FIND BALANCE,
the safe integration of
needs and surroundings

Standards
provide
range of flexibility
for applying
geometrical parameters

In case of
UNACCEPTABLY MAJOR
IMPACTS
design exceptions are
possible But only if there is really
no other solution!

In certain cases
the EARLIER
design decisions could be
revised
Could cause a lot of delay

PLANNING PROCESS
starts with the identification of needs
ends with the construction
The road should be in context with
its surroundings all along!

PLANNING PROCESS
several distinct phases,
with considerable overlap
Planning
Project
development
Final design

Construction

PLANNING PROCESS
design concept assures the frame
going through the planning phases
Every element should be part of
CONCEPT the overall concept!
Planning
Project
development
Final design

Construction

The DESIGN SCALE

depends on the overall concept
and the function of the road
Later about this

Aspects of the pedestrian

or the driver?!

PLANNING
Identification of needs, objectives
and problems

Planning
Project
development
Final design

Construction

PLANNING
Public participation is key element

Planning
Project
development
Final design

Construction

PLANNING
Main task is
the determination of the expected
social,
environmental,
economical,
traffic
effects

The DECISIONS OF THE

PLANNING PHASE
influence and limit
the design possibilities
of the later stages

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
analyze the possible alternatives and
technical solutions

Planning
Project
development
Final design

Construction

The feasibility of
several alternatives
should be analyzed
including the Do nothing
alternative and the alternatives of
traffic management systems

Environmental Impact
Assessment
its level depends on the scale and
impact of the project

Designer should be
SENSITIVE
to the
context of the project

FINAL DESIGN
the product is a complete set of plans,
specifications, and estimates of required
quantities of materials
Detailed design occurs in the
middle of the process!
Planning
Project
development
Final design

Construction

The
PARAMETERS
and
SOLUTIONS
to be applied are determined
by the
project development phase

CONSTRUCTION
takes place
after the final design phase

After construction
MAINTENANCE
and
OPERATION
begin

In practice
different design types
belong to the planning phases

MASTER PLAN OF
SETTLEMENTS
Land use

Space for main

transportation
strategies

FEASIBILITY STUDY
Proposed
alternatives

Environmental
Impact
Assessment
Includes detailed
cost-analysis

AUTHORIZATION PLAN
Demonstration of applied
technical solutions
Base for approval of
authorities

TENDER DOCUMENTATION
Information needed for
proposal
Detailed estimates of
quantities

CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTATION
Technological details

Spatial-temporal
organization
Reflects the aspects
of the contractor!

FACILITY DOCUMENTATION
Documentation of the
constructed facility
Deviations during
constructions

FUNCTIONAL DESIGN
integrates the planning
process
Design speed
Functional
classification
Cross
Section

Alignment

The FUNCTION of road facilities

is to assure access and mobility
Main roads
Collector roads

Side roads

Functional
classification is
not always exact
fi. downtown sections
of main roads

The function of roads can change

Land use changes

Traffic patterns also

change

The function of the road

COULD BE PRESERVED
by supervising
the change of the
land use

In Hungary
the roads are classified into
DESIGN CLASSSES
based on
determines the design speed and the
their functions main technical parameters

Inside design classes

the environmental conditions
assures the necessary
FLEXIBILITY
Rural

Urban

Flat

Loose, not sensitive

Hills

Loose, sensitive

Mountains

Dense, not sensitive

Dense, sensitive

SUMMARY
The planning process is SUCCESSFUL
if every phase is integrated into one
concept,
ensures public participation from the
beginning of the process
uses flexible, creative solutions for
integrating the road and its surroundings