.

- -

II

: . -
. .

2009



1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

...............................................................................................3
. ......................................................................4
..........................................................................7
...........................................................................8
............................................................. ........11
0
, ;............. .......11
0
;..........................................................................................12
;......................................................13
;.............................14
;.........................................................................................15
, ;...............................18
. .....................................................................19

........................................................................................22
6. ....................................................................................22
;............................................................23
dx;.....................................................................25
;.........................................................................28
...........................................................30
7. .........................................................................................33
8. ..........................................................35
9. ........................................................................................................36


.
O. , , n
n.
a1, a2, , an
an .
. { an }, ,
N , n > N an a < .
: lim an = a .
n

e :
T1 lim(an bn ) = lim an lim bn ; T2 lim(an .bn ) = lim an .lim bn ; T3 lim(
n

lim an
an
) = n .
bn
lim bn
n

1
1
= 0; lim 1 + = e .
n n
n
n

lim

1 1
n 2 1 + + 2 lim1 + lim 1 + lim 1
n + n +1
n n n n n n n 2
1. lim 2
= lim
=
= 1.
n n 2
n
2
2
2
lim1 lim 2
n 1 2
n
n n
n
2n
n
n
1 n 1 n
1
1
1
2. lim 1 + = lim 1 + 1 + = lim 1 + lim 1 + = e.e = e 2 .
n
n
n
n
n n n
n n
2

3. 1,
. 5 ?
) 2;
) 3;
) 5;
) 8.
. )
4. * ?
7, 17, 37, *, 157
) 110;
) 77;
) 33;
) 47.
. )
5. :
. 3, 9, 21, 45, ...
) n = 3, an = 2an-1 + 3;
n
) n = 10, an = 2 - an-1.
.10, -6, 14, 2, ...
6. :
n+5
3n + 2
n +1
5n + 1
;
) n =
;
) n =
;
) n =
.
) n =
n+4
n3
2n 1
2n + 4
. ) 1;
) 3;
) 0,5;
) 2,5.
7. :
n

1
) lim 1 ;
n
n
. ) e 1 ;

) lim 1 2 ;
n
n
) 1;
) e5 .

5n

1
) lim 1 + .
n
n



. , , D
N.
: y = f(x).
D ; x - ; y - ; N
.
f(x) , D. f(x) D , f(x) = f(-x); f(x)
D , f(-x) = - f(x);;
O. y = f(x) x x0 ,
, ,
x D, x x0 , x x0 < f ( x) a < .
: lim f ( x) = a .
x x0

e :
T1 lim ( f ( x) g ( x)) = lim f ( x ) lim g ( x) ; T2 lim ( f ( x).g ( x)) = lim f ( x ). lim g ( x) ;
x x0

x x0

x x0

x x0

x x0

x x0

lim f ( x)

T3 lim (
x x0

f ( x)
x x0
)=
.
lim g ( x)
g ( x)
x x0

lim f ( x) = a ;

lim f ( x) = a

x x0
x < x0

x x0
x > x0

:
lim

1
= 0;
x

lim
x 0
x >0

1
lim 1 + = e;
x
x

1
= +;
x

lim
x 0
x <0

1
= ;
x

sin x
= 1.
x 0
x

lim

:
:
2. y = (x 2)3 + 5;
1. y = 2x4 + 3x2 + 5x 1;
3x
x2
3. y = 2
;
;
4. y = 4
x + 3x 2 + 2
x + 6x + 5
5. y = x 2 8 x + 15 ;

6. y = 4 x 2 ;
x
8. y =
;
ln x 1
10. y = arctg (2 x3 x 2 + 1) .

7. y = ln( x 1) ;
.

9. y = arcsin( x 3) ;
1. (, ) ;
2. (, ) ;
2
3. : x + 6x + 5 0 -5; -1. (-, -5) (-1, );
5. (-, 3) (5, );
4. (, ) ;
2
6. : 4 - x 0 (-2, 2);
7. : x 1 > 0 ; x > 1. (1, );
8. : ln x 1 0 x > 0 x e x > 0 x (0, e) (e, ) .

9. : -1 x 3 1; [-4, -2];

10. (, ) .

y = f(x)
:
11. y = x4 2x3 + x + 4 = 1 = -2;
12. y = 3x 2 + 2 x 1 = 1/3 = - 1/2;
x+4
= 1 = 0;
13. y = ln
2x 1
2
14. y = e x 4 = -3 = 2;
15. y = arctg(x2 2x + 1) = 1 = 0.
. 11. : f(1) = 14 2.13 + 1 + 4 = 4; f(-2) = (-2)4 2. (-2)3 + (-2) + 4 = 34;
12. 0; = -1/2;
13. ln5; = 0;
14. e5; e0=1;
15. 0; /4.
:

3x 1
x2
;
18. f ( x) =
.
4
2
x + 3x + 2
2x2
. 16. : f(-x) = 2(-x)4 + 3(-x)2 1 = 2x4 + 3x2 1 = f(x) ;
17.;
18. .
16. f(x) = 2x4 + 3x2 1;

17. f ( x) =

:
18. lim

x 4 + 2 x 2 + 3x 0
x( x 3 + 2 x + 3)
x 3 + 2 x + 3 03 + 2.0 + 3 3
=
=
=
lim
lim
= .

x0
x 2 + 4 x 0 x 0 x( x + 4)
x+4
0+4
4

19. lim

x2 3x + 2 0
( x 2)( x 1)
x 1
1
= lim
= .
= lim
2
x 12 x + 20 0 x 2 ( x 2)( x 10) x2 x 10
8

x 0

x2

20.

x 2 25 0
x 2 25 2 + x 1
( x 2 25).(2 + x 1)
lim
.
= lim
=
= lim
x 5 2
x 1 0 x 5 2 x 1 2 + x 1 x 5
4 ( x 1) 2
( x 5).( x + 5).(2 + x 1)
lim
= lim( x + 5).(2 + x 1) = 40
x 5
x 5
5 x

x
1
1
= lim
= = 1.
x 0 sin x
x 0 sin x
1
x
tgx
1
sin x 1
= lim
= 1. = 1 .
.
22. lim

x 0 x
x 0
1
x cos x

21. lim

ax
1 x
1
23. lim 1 + = lim 1 + = e a .

x
x
x
x

24. lim
x4
x>4

x
= +
x4

25. lim arctg

x 1
x <1

= lim arctgz = .
x 1 z
2

26. lim
x4

x2 5x + 4
;
x2 7 x + 6

27. lim
x 0

1+ x 1 x
29. lim
;
x 0
x
x+2
32. lim 2
;
x2 x 4
x>2

x 4 + x3
;
x 4 2 x3

x2 1
;
x 2 x 2 + 1

28. lim

x +1
30. lim
;
x
x
1
33. lim arctg
;
x 1
x 1
x >1

sin 5 x
;
3x
1
34. lim
.
x x + 3
31. lim
x 0

1
1
5

: 26. 0; 27. ; 28. ; 29. 1; 30. e; 31. ; 32. ; 33. ; 34. 0.

2
2
2
3

:
1.
2.
3.
4.

x2 2 x
lim
.
x2 x 2
x2 x
lim
.
x 1 x 1
sin 2 x
lim
.
x 0 1 cos x
cos 2 x
lim
.

x 1 sin x

) 0;

) 1;

) 2;

) 3.

) 0;

) 1;

) 2;

) 3.

) 8;

) 1;

) 2;

) 4.

) 8;

) 1;

) 2;

) 4.

) 0;

) 1;

) 2;

) 3.

) 0;

) 1;

) 2;

) 3.

) 12;

) 1;

) 3;

) 4.

) 3;

) 1;

) 4;

) 6.

5.
6.
7.
8.

5x2 2 x
.
x 0 7 x 3 x
3x 2 x
lim 3
.
x 0 8 x x
x3 + 8
lim
.
x 2 x + 2
x2 + 4x 5
lim
.
x 1
x2 1
lim

. 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8.


. f(x) 0, :
f(x) e = 0;
lim f ( x) c, ..
lim f ( x) = lim f ( x);
x x0
x < x0

x x0

x x0
x > x0

lim f ( x) = f ( x0 ) .
x x0

:
:
2 x 2 < x < 1;

1
1. f ( x) =
1 < x < 1;
x
1 < x < .
x
: = 0.
. .
1
1
lim = +;
lim = ;
x 0 x
x 0 x
x >0
x<0
, , ,
, = -1 = 1.
= -1
1
lim f ( x) = lim = 1;
lim f ( x) = lim 2 x 2 = 2;
x 1
x 1 x
x 1
x 1
x >1
x >1
x <1
x <1
, = -1
.
= 1
1
lim f ( x) = lim x = 1;
lim f ( x) = lim = 1; f (1) = 1.
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1 x
x >1
x >1
x <1
x <1
f(x) = 1 ,
.

1
2. y =
;
x2

1 2
x x 2;
3. f ( x) = 2
x
x > 2.

2 x + 1 x 0;
4. f ( x) = 2
x < 0.
x

:
2. = 2 ;

lim y = ;

lim y = +;

3. = 2 ;

lim y = 2;

lim y = +2;

4. = 0 ;

lim y = 0;

x2
x<2
x2
x<2
x 0
x<0

x2
x>2

x2
x>2

lim y = 1;
x 0
x >0

1. c = 0
( x ) = x 1 ; x = 1

(u ) = u 1u;

2. 1
1
1
2
= 2 ; ( x ) = 2 x; ( x ) =
x
2 x
x
3. (a x ) = a x ln a; e x = e x

1
1
1
2
u
= 2 u; (u ) = 2uu; ( u ) =
u
2 u
u
(a u ) = a u ln a.u ; eu = eu u

1
x

(sin
x
)
=
cos x
5.
6. (co s x) = sin x
1
7. (tgx) =
cos 2 x
1
8. (cotgx) = 2
sin x
1
9. (arcsin x ) =
1 x2
1
10. (arccos x) =
1 x2
1
11. (arc tgx) =
1 + x2
1
12. (arc cotgx) =
1 + x2

1
(ln u ) = u
u
(sin u ) = cos u.u
(co s u ) = sin u.u
1
(tgu ) =
u
cos 2 u
1
(cot gu ) = 2 u
sin u
1
(arcsin u ) =
u
2
1 u
1
(arccos u ) =
u
1 u2
1
(arc tgu ) =
u
1+ u2
1
(arc cot gu ) =
u
1+ u2

4. (ln x) =

:
1. (u v) = u v ;
2. (uv) = uv + uv; (cu ) = c.u, c = conct ;
cv
u uv uv u u c
; = ; = 2 , c = const.
3. =
2
v
c v
v
v
c
dy y = f(x)

dy = f ( x).dx
: f(x) D. f ( x0 ) = k
x = x0 D , k = tg , -
(0,0) .


.
1. y = x3 + x 2 + 2 x + 3; y = ( x3 ) + ( x 2 ) + (2 x) + (3) = 3 x 2 + 2 x + 2 .
2
2. y = x 2 2 arcsin x; y = ( x 2 ) (2 arcsin x) = 2 x
.
1 x2
1
3. y = x.ln x; y = ( x).ln x + x.(ln x) = 1.ln x + x. = ln x + 1 .
x
2
y = (1 + x )arctgx;
4.
1
y = (1 + x 2 )arctgx + (1 + x 2 )( arctgx) = 2 x.arctgx + (1 + x 2 ).
= 2 x.arctgx + 1.
1 + x2
x2
;
y=
x+3
5.
( x 2)( x + 3) ( x 2)( x + 3) 1.( x + 3) ( x 2).1 x + 3 x + 2
5
=
.
y =
=
=
2
2
2
( x + 3)
( x + 3)
( x + 3)
( x + 3) 2
ex
y = , x 0;
x
6.
(e x ).x e x .( x) e x .x e x e x ( x 1)
.
=
=
y =
x2
x2
x2
7. y = 4e x 3;
. y = 4e x .
8. y = ( x 2 2 x + 2)e x ;
. y = x 2 e x .
9. y =

x2
;
ln x

. y =

x(2 ln x 1)
.
ln 2 x

10. y =

1
;
sin x

. y =

cos x
.
sin 2 x

.
1
1
1 1
1
1
11. y = .ln x3 ; y = .(ln x3 ) = . 3 ( x3 ) = 3 3x 2 = .
x
3
3
3 x
3x
1
1
x
12. y = 1 x 2 ; y =
(1 x 2 ) =
( 2 x ) =
.
2 1 x2
2 1 x2
1 x2
13. y = (2 x 5)6 ; y = 6(2 x 5)61 (2 x 5) = 12(2 x 5)5 .
2

14. y = e x 3 ; y = e x 3 .( x 2 3) = 2 xe x 3 .
15. y = sin 3x; y = cos 3x.(3x) = 3cos 3x.
16. y = ln sin x 3;

. y = cot gx.

3
3
3
17. y = cos ;
. y = 2 sin .
x
x
x
x
19. y = e (sin 3 x 3cos 3 x); . y = 10e x .sin 3x.

18. y = e x ; . y = e x .
1


. y = tg 3 x; y = 1.
20. y = tg 2 x + ln cos x; y = ?
2
4
4
cos x
1
x
1
+ ln tg ;
21. y =
. y =
.
2
2sin x 2
2
sin 3 x

= f(x) 0.
22. y = ( x 9).e x , x0 = 0 ;
23. y = ln( x 2 + 2 x 3), x0 = 4 ;
25. y = 3x 2 4 x + 2, x0 = 2 / 3 .

24 y = 1 x 2 , x0 = 0 ;

. 22. -8;

23. -6/5;

24. 0;

25. 0.

- :
26.

y = x 4 + 2 x 2 + 1;

y = ?

y = ( x 4 + 2 x 2 + 1) = 4 x 3 + 4 x;

27.

y = cos2 x;

y = (4 x 3 + 4 x ) = 12 x 2 + 4;

y = (12 x 2 + 4) = 24 x.

y (0) = ?

y = (cos2 x ) = 2.cos x.sin x = sin 2 x;

y (0) = 2.cos 0 = 2.

1
.
x2

28. y = ln x;

y = ?

30. y = x.e x ;

y = ? . y = e x ( x + 3).

. y =

y = ( sin 2 x ) = cos 2 x.(2 x ) = 2 cos 2 x;

29. y = x 4 2 x;
31. y =

1
;
x +1

y (5) = ? . y (5) = 0.

y = ? . y =

2
.
( x + 1)3

:
32. y = x 2 + 3x; y = 2 x + 3; dy = (2 x + 3)dx.
33. y = x3e x ; y = x3 + 3 x 2 ; dy = ( x3 + 3x 2 )dx.
2 xdx
cos xdx
.
34. y = sin x ;
. dy =
35. y = arctgx 2 ; . dy =
.
1 + x4
2 sin x

x2
:
4 x2
x 2 2x 1
x2 +1
) y =
; ) y =
.
x 1
( x 1) 2

y=

1.
) y =

x2
;
4 x2

) y =

8x
;
(4 x 2 ) 2

x2 +1
:
x 1
8x
x 2 2x 1
x2 +1
x2
y
=
y
=
;
)
;
)
y
=
) y =
;
)
.
x 1
(4 x 2 ) 2
4 x2
( x 1) 2
3. y = cos 5 x :
) sin 5 x ;
) 25 cos 5 x ;
) 25 sin 5 x
) 5 sin x .
4. y = sin 5 x :
) sin 5 x ;
) 25 cos 5 x ;
) 25 sin 5 x
) 5 sin x .
y=

2.

5.

y = sin 2 x

) ;

) ;

) ;

: 1; 2; 3; 4; 5.

10

x =
)

1
.

2
2

. () f(x) g(x) D
f ( x )
lim f ( x ) = lim g ( x ) = 0 ( ),
,
lim
x a g ( x )
x a
x a
f ( x)
f ( x )
lim
, g ( x ) 0, x D.
= lim
x a g ( x )
x a g ( x )
:

1 x
.
x 1 ln x

1. lim

0
: 1-1 = 0 ln1 = 0 .. .
0

1 x
(1 x )
1
lim
= lim
= lim
= lim( x ) = 1.
x 1 ln x
x 1 (ln x )
x 1 1
x 1
x
x
x
e 2x
2. lim
;
x 0
x sin x
0
: .
0
.
x e x 2 x
x + e x 2
x e x
x + e x
= 2.
lim
= lim
= lim
= lim
x 0
x 0 1 cos x
x 0 sin x
x 0 co s x
x sin x
2 x sin 2 x
x 1
x2
;
4. lim 2 ;
3. lim
5. lim
;
x 0 x x cos x
x 0 tg x
x 0 sin x
1 x
;
x 0
x

ln x
x 1
;
8. lim
;
x 1 ln(2 x )
x x + 3

: ,

ln x
(ln x )
1
lim
= lim
= lim x = lim = 0.
x x + 3
x ( x + 3)
x 1
x x
1 ln x
x 2 + 5x 1
e2 x 1
;
11. lim
10. lim
9. lim
;
;
x
x
x ln x
x
ln x
x
e3 x 3x 1
ln( x 1)
;
13. lim
12. lim
14. lim
;
;
x
2
x ln( e e )
x ln x
x
sin x
1
. 3. 1;
4. 1;
5. ;
6. -1;
7. -1;
9. 0;
8
9
11. ;
12. ;
13. 1;
14.
10. ;
2
6. lim

7. lim

11

f ( x)
, n = lim ( f ( x ) kx ) .
x
x
x
: k = 0 : y = n.
lim f ( x ) =

: = , lim f ( x ) =
: y = kx + n , k = lim

x a 0

x a +0

1. y =

x3
.
x2 1

: = 1 = -1 .
= 1 = -1 .
x3
13
1
1
lim f ( x ) = lim
. lim
=
= .( ) = .
1
0
x 10
x 1 0 ( x 1)( x + 1)
x

1+1
x 1 2
x3
( 1)3
1
1
=
. lim
= .( + ) = + .
x 1+ 0
x 1+ 0 ( x 1)( x + 1)
1 1 x1+0 x + 1 2
= 1 = -1 .
f ( x)
x3
k = lim
= lim
=1.
x
x x ( x 2 1)
x
lim f ( x ) = lim

x3

x
1. x = lim 2
n = lim ( f ( x ) kx ) = lim 2
= 0.
x
x x 1
x x 1

= .

y = f(x):

2. y = x3 3x + 2 ;

3. y =

x+2
;
x7

4. y =

5. y = x.e x ;

6. y =

1
;
1 x2

7. y = x +

3x 2 + 2
;
x2 + 1

1
.
x2

:
2. ;

3. = 7, = 1 ;

4. = 3 ;

5. = 0 ( x );

6. x = 1, x = -1 ;

7. x = 0, y = x .

12


f(x) 0
f ( x0 )
f ( x0 )
f ( n ) ( x0 )
f ( x) = f ( x0 ) +
( x x0 ) +
( x x0 ) 2 + ... +
( x x0 ) n + Rn ,
n!
1!
2!
Rn .
f ( n +1) ( x )
Rn =
( x x0 ) n +1 , 0 .
(n + 1)!
0 = 0 f(x)
0.
f (0)
f (0) 2
f ( n ) (0) n
f ( n +1) ( x ) n +1
f ( x ) = f (0) +
x+
x + ... +
x + Rn ;
Rn =
x , (0; x )
( n + 1)!
n!
1!
2!
:
:
1. y = e x ;
:
= 0. y = y = y = ... = y ( n ) = e x ,
y (0) = y(0) = y(0) = ... = y ( n ) (0) = e0 = 1 .
:
x x 2 x3
xn
x n +1 x
Rn +1 ( x) =
e x = 1 + + + + ... + + Rn +1 ( x) ,
.e , (0 < < 1).
(n + 1)!
1! 2! 3!
n!
[-r,r] (r>0) e x < e r

x n +1

r n +1
Rn +1 ( x) =
.e <
; Rn +1 0, n .
(n + 1)!
(n + 1)!
= 1,
. n = 4 :
1 1 1 1
1 1 1
e 1+ + + + = 1+1+ + +
2, 70 .
1! 2! 3! 4!
2 6 24
,
e
e
3
R5 = <
<
= 0, 025.
5! 120 120
2. y = sin x ;
3. y = cos x .
x

n 1
x3 x5 x 7
xn
: 2. sin x = x + + ... + (1) 2 . + ...
3! 5! 7!
n!
n
n
2
4
6
x
x
x
x
3. cos x = 1 + + ... + (1) 2 . + ...
2! 4! 6!
n!
5 y = f(x)
0 = -1.
4. y = x 4 + 2 x3 x 4;
5. y = 5 x ;
:
4. y = ( x + 1) 4 2( x + 1)3 + ( x + 1) 4;
21
6
2
1
( x + 1) 4 +
( x + 1)3 + ( x + 1) 2 + ( x + 1) 1;
5. y =
625
125
25
5

13



y = f(x) (; b).
y > 0 , (; b).
y < 0 , (; b).

, :
1. y = 2 x3 + 3x 2 12 x + 1 ;
: (, ) .
y = 6 x 2 + 6 x 12 . y > 0 y < 0 .
6 x 2 + 6 x 12 = 0 1 -2.
, x (, 2) (1, ) x (2,1) .
2. y = ln(4 x 2 ) ;
: , 4 x 2 > 0 ,.. (-2, 2).

2x
2x
=
y =
.
2
4 x
(2 x)(2 + x)
(-2, 2) .
-2 < < 0, y > 0 (-2,0),
0 < < 2, y < 0 - (0,2).
3. y = x 2 2 x ;

4. y = x3 + 3 ;

6. y = ln( x + x + a ;
2

x2 1
;
x
12. y = x + cos x .
9. y =

ex
7. y = ;
x
x2 + 1
;
10. y =
( x 1) 2

5. y = x e x ;
8. y = x 2 .e x ;
11. y =

x
;
ln x

:
3. (1, ), (- , 1);
4. (- , );
5. (- , 0), (0, );
6. (- , );
7. (1, ), (- , 0) (0,1);
8. (0, 2), (- , 0) (2, );
9. (- , 0) (0, );
10. (-1, 1), (- , -1) (1, );
11. (, ), (0, 1) (1, );
12. (- , );
: y = 1 sin x
= sinx [-1, 1].
1 sin x 0 .

14



: y = f(x)
= x0 ,
.
x0 ; x0 ( a, b) D
:
f ( x0 ) = 0 f ( x) < 0 < x0 , f ( x) > 0 > x0 , min
( f ( x0 ) = 0 f ( x0 ) > 0 ).
f ( x0 ) = 0 f ( x) > 0 < x0 , f ( x) < 0 > x0 , max
( f ( x0 ) = 0 f ( x0 ) < 0 ).

:
:
1. y = arctgx ;
: (- , ).
1
y =
y > 0 (- , ).
1 + x2
(- , ).
2. y = x3 3x 2 + 24 x + 20 ;
: (- , ).
y = 3 x 2 6 x + 24 , = 2 = -4.
y = 6 x 6 .
= 2, y(2) = 6.2 6 = 18 < 0 max . ymax = 23 3.22 + 24.2 + 20 = 48.
= -4,
y(4) = 6.(4) 6 = 18 > 0 min . ymin = (4)3 3.(4)2 + 24.(4) + 20 = 60.
x 2 3x
;
x2 + 3
: (- , ).
3x 2 + 6 x 9

e y =
, 3x 2 + 6 x 9 = 0 , .. = 1
2
2
( x + 3)
= -3. y < 0 (-3,1) .. y > 0 (- , -3)
(1, ), .. . ymax (3) = 1,5
ymin (1) = 0,5 .
3. y =

4. y = x 2 .e x ;
: D : x 0 .
1

y = e x .(2 x 1) .
1 2
. ymax ( ) = .
2
4
5. y = 1 x 2 ;

15

: D : x [1,1],
6. y = x3 3 x 2 + 6 x + 7 ;
9. y = x e x ;

y =

x
1 x2

, . ymax (0) = 1 .

1
;
x
x
10. y =
;
ln x

7. y = x +

8. y =

x4 + 1
;
x2

11. y = x 2 x 2 .

:
8. ymin ( 1) = 2 ;
6. ;
7. ymax (1) = 0 , ymin (1) = 2 ;
11. ymax (1) = 1 , ymin ( 1) = 1 .
9. ymax (0) = 1 ;
10. ymin () = ;
:
( )
,
.
12. y = 2 x3 3x 2 36 x 7, [3, 6]
: y = 6 x 2 6 x 36 , = - 2 = 3.
y = 12 x 6 . = - 2, y(2) = 12.(2) 6 = 30 < 0 max .
y(3) = 12.3 6 = 30 > 0 min . ymin (3) = 89.
ymax (2) = 36.
= 3,
y (3) = 19 y (6) = 100 . ymin (3) = 89 , -
y (6) = 100 .
14. y = x 2 , [0, 4]

13. y = x 4 8 x 2 + 3, [1, 2] ;
15. y = x 2ln x, x [1, e]
: 13. y (2) = 13 , y (0) = 3 ;
15. y (1) = 1 , y (2) = 2 2 ln 2 .

14. y (1) = 1 , y (0) = (4) = 0 .

:
16. y = x 3 3x + 4 ;

17. y = 2 x 3 + 3x = 12 x + 1 ;

x2 + 2 x + 1
;
x 1
x2
;
20. y =
x+2
ex
;
22. y =
x3
:

x2 3
;
x2
2x 1
21. y =
;
x +1

19. y =

18. y =

23. y = x 2 .e x .

16. x ( , 1) (1, +) ; x ( 1,1) ; ymax ( 1) = 6 ;

y min (1) = 2 ;
17. x ( , 2) (1, +) ; x ( 2,1) ; ymax ( 2) = 21 ;
y min (1) = 6 ;
18. D : x ( ,1) (1, +); x ( , 1) (3, +) ; x ( 1,1) (1,3)
; ymax ( 1) = 0 ; y min (3) = 8 ;
16

D : x ( , 2) (2, +); x ( ,1) (3, +) ;

x (1, 2) (2,3)
19.
; ymax (1) = 2 ; y min (3) = 6 ;
20. D : x ( , 2) ( 2, +); x ( 4, 2) ( 2,0) ; x ( , 4) (0, +)
; ymax (0) = 0 ; ymin ( 4) = 8 ;
21. D : x ( , 1) ( 1, +), y > 0 x D ,
, .
22. D : x ( ,3) (3, +); x (4, +) ; x ( ,3) (3, 4)
; ymin (4) = e4 ;
23. D : x ( , ); x (0, 2) ; x ( ,0) (2, +) ;
4
ymax (2) = 2 ; ymin (0) = 1 .
e

1. y =

x 2 + 16
:
x

) 8;
) 36.
) 4;
) 64;
2. - f ( x) = 2 x 3 3 x 2 12 x + 1 [2; 3] :
) -23;
) -19;
) -2;
) -1.
3. - f ( x) = x 4 8 x 2 9 [0;3] :
) -23;
) -19;
) -2;
) 0.
x+m
4. m, y =
1 x
.
) m > -1; ) m > 1;
) m > -2;
) m < 0.

5. f ( x) = 2 sin x 2 cos 2 x f :
)

2;

) 2 2 ;

) 4 + 2 .

) 2 + 2 ;

.
12
2
) .
2

6. f ( x ) = cos 2 x f

2
1
1
)
; ) ;
;
2
2
2
3
2
7. f ( x ) = x + 2x 4 x + 2, f ( x) f ( x) x 2 < 0 :
) (1; 3).
) (2; 1);
) (2; 3);
) (1; 2);

: 1; 2; 3; 4a; 5; 6; 7.

17

,

- (a,b)
, .. f ( x) < 0 ,
y = f ( x) , f ( x) > 0
(b,c), (b,c) .
- ,
.
:

:
1. y = x3 + 3x + 3 ;
: D: (- , ). :
y = 3x 2 + 3, y = 6 x .
, y = 0 , 6 = 0 = 0.
x (, 0) , y < 0
. x (0, ) , y > 0 .
= 0 (0,0)
.
2. y = ( x 2 + 1).e x ;
: D: (- , ). :
y = 2 x.e x + ( x 2 + 1)e x = ( x + 1) 2 e x ,
.
y = 2( x + 1).e x + ( x + 1) 2 e x = ( x + 1)( x + 3)e x
, y = 0 , e x 0, ( + 1)( + 3) = 0 = -1 = -3.
x (3, 1) , y < 0
. x (, 3) (1, ) , y > 0
. = -1 = -3
10
2
M 1 (3, 3 ) M 2 (1, ) .
e
e
4
2
3. y = x 6 x + 5 ;
4. y = 3 x ;
1
5. y = ln(1 + x 2 ) ;
6. y =
.
( x + 1)3
:
3. (, 1) (1, ) -; (-1,1) ; 1(-1,0) 2(1,0) .
4. (, 0) - ; (0, ) - ; (0,0) .
5. (, 1) (1, ) -; (-1,1) ; 1(-1, ln2) 2(1,ln2)
.
6. (, 1) - ; (1, ) -; , = -1
.

18


= f(x)
:
;
, ;
,
, ;
;

;
, ;

.
, , MAPLE, DERIVE .

1. y = x3 3x 2 + 4 ;
:
(- , ).
, .

.
lim ( x 3 3 x 2 + 4) =
x

.
y = 3x 2 6 .
y > 0 y < 0 .
3x 2 6 x = 3( 2) = 0 0 2. ,
x (, 0) (2, ) x (0, 2) .
y = 6 x 6 .

y(0) = 6.0 6 = 6 < 0 max .
ymax = 03 3.02 + 4 = 4.
= 0,

ymin = (2)3 3.(2) 2 + 4 = 0.

= 2, y(2) = 6.(2) 6 = 6 > 0 min .
, y = 0 , 6-6 = 0, .. = 1
x (,1) , y < 0
. x (1, ) , y > 0 .
= 1 (1,2)
.
1.
x2
;
2x + 2
:
1 , .. (- -1) (-1, ).
, .

2. y =

19

. 1

. 2

20

x2
x2
x
= lim
= lim
=
x 2 x + 2
x
x
2
2
x(2 + )
2+
x
x
2
2
x
x
lim
= +;
lim
= ;
x 1 2 x + 2
x 1 2 x + 2
x >1
x <1
lim

= -1 .
f ( x)
x2
1
= lim
= .
k = lim
x
x

x
x(2 x + 2) 2
2
x
1
x
1
n = lim ( f ( x) kx) = lim [
x] = lim
= .
x
x 2 x + 2
x 2 x + 2
2
2
1
1
y = x .
2
2
2x2 + 4x
y =
.
(2 x + 2) 2
y > 0 y < 0 . y = 0 ,
2 x 2 + 4 x = 2 ( + 2) = 0 , .. = 0 = -2. ,
x (, 2) (0, ) x (2, 0) .
2 + 2

.
y =
( + 1) 4
2
( 2) 2
.
= -2,
y(0) =
=

2
<
0

max
=
= 2
y
max
2.( 2) + 2
(2 + 1) 4
0
2
= 0.
ymin =
= 0, y(0) =
= 2 > 0 min .
4
0+2
(0 + 1)
, y = 0 , .. 2 + 2 = 0 = -1
x (, 1) , y < 0
. x (1, ) , y > 0
. = -1 ,
.
2
:
3. y =

x2 + 2 x
;
2x2 + 1
1

6. y = x.e x ;

1
4. y = x3 + 3x + 4 ;
4
7. y =

x
;
1 + x2

21

5. y = x 4 + 4 x 2 3 ;

8. y = ln( x 2 + 1) .



O.

f (x )dx = F (x ) + c F ' (x ) = f (x )

f (x ) - ;

F ( x ) -

1. 0dx = C

7.

cos

x +1
+ C , 1
+1
x2
2. 1dx = x + C , xdx = + C
2
1
1
1
x dx = 2 x + C , x 2 dx = x + C

8.

1
sin2 x dx = ctgx + C

x dx =

1
3. dx = ln x + C
x

4.

x
a dx =

ax
+C
ln a

e dx = e
x

+C

5. sin xdx = cos x + C

6. cos xdx = sin x + C

9.

dx = tgx + C

1
a x
1
2

dx = arcsin

dx = arcsin x + C
1 x2
1
1
x
a 2 + x 2 dx = a arctg a + C
10.
1
1 + x 2 dx = arctgx + C
1
1
xa
x 2 a 2 dx = 2a ln x + a + C
11.
1
1 x 1
x 2 1 dx = 2 ln x + 1 + C
1
2
2
x2 a 2 dx = ln x + x a + C
12.
1
2
x2 1 dx = ln x + x 1 + C

:
1. af ( x)dx = a f ( x)dx, a = const.

3. df ( x) = f ( x) + C

2.

4. f ( x)dx = f ( x)

[ f ( x) g ( x)]dx = f ( x)dx g ( x)dx

x
+C
a

22

2 xdx = x

1.

2.

(5x

( )

+ c F ' (x ) = x 2 ' = 2 x = f (x )

3 x 2 + 2 x ) dx = 5 x 4 dx 3 x 2 dx + 2 xdx = 5 x 4 dx 3 x 2 dx + 2 xdx =

x 4+1
x 2+1
x2
= 5.
3.
+ 2. = x 5 x3 + x 2 + C
4 +1
2 +1
2

3.

2
2
x ( 2 x 5) dx = (2 x 5x)dx = 2 x dx 5 xdx =

4.

(3 x ) dx
2 2

2x 3 5x 2

+c
3
2
.: 9 x 2 x 3 +

x5
+c
5

2 x3 1
1
2 x3 + 1
1
dx = 2 + 2 dx = 2 xdx + 2 dx = x 2 + c
2
x
x
x
x
x
4
2
1
3x 10 x + 5 x + 1
dx
.: x 3 10 x + 5 ln x + c
6.
2
x
x

5.

7.

1
dx
x 4+1
4
x
dx
=
=
= 3 +c
x4
4 + 1
3x

8.

x 4 dx

.:
1
2

9. 5 xdx = 5 x dx = 5.

1
+1
2

3
2

10 3
x
x
x +c
= 5. =
1
3
3
+1
2
2

1
+1
3

1
3

33 2
dx
x
x +c
x
dx
=
=
=

3
1
2
x
+1
3

1
dx
11. 43 x +

3
x2

10.

12.
13.

.: 33 x 4 + 33 x + c

x + x2 x x
dx
x

(3.2

5 5 4
x x +c
9

x2 2 3
.: 3 x +
+
x +c
2 3
3.2 x
.:
sin x + c
ln 2
3

cos x dx

xe x 3
x dx
2 x sin 2 x + 1
dx
15.
sin 2 x

.: e x 3 ln x + c

14.

.: cot gx + x 2 + c

1
1

dx = 2 e x dx +
dx = 2e x + arctgx + c
16. 2e x +
2
2
+
+
x
x
1
1

23

 cos 2 x sin x cos 2 x

cos 2 x sin x cos 2 x + 1
1
17.
dx =

+
dx = x + cos x + tgx + c
2
2
2
cos x
cos x
c os 2 x
cos x
dx

18.

25 x

.: arcsin

1
x
.: arctg + c ;: r =
4
4
x
x3
+c
.: arctg ln
3
x+3

dx
16 + x 2
6
3
2
20. 2
dx
x +9 x 9

19.

21.

dx
x2 + 2

.:

2
3
+
22.
2
4 + x2
4 x
23.

3x

dx
2
+4

24.

dx

25.

x
+c
5

dx

1
2

arctg

x
2

+ c ; : 2 =

.: 2 arcsin
.:

( r)

( 2)

x
+ 3 ln x + 4 + x 2 + c
2
3
3x
arctg
+c
6
2

.: ln x + x 2 +3 + c

x +3
2

dx

.:

3x 4
2

1
3

ln x + x 2

4
+c
3

x2
x2 + 1 1
x2 + 1
1
dx
=
dx
=
x2 + 1 x2 + 1
x2 + 1dx x2 + 1dx = x arctgx + c
1
x
x2 + 3
27. 2
.: x arctg + c
dx
2
2
x +4

26.

x2 + 5
x 2 4 dx
4dx
29. 2 2
x x +4
dx
30. 2
sin x cos 2 x

9 x2
+c
.: x + ln
4 x+2
1 1
x
.: arctg + c
x 2
2

28.

.: tgx cot gx + c ; : 1 = sin 2 x + cos 2 x

31.
1
sin 2 x
1 cos 2 x
cos 2 x
1
dx
=
dx
=

dx dx =

dx =
2
2
2
2

cos x
cos x
cos 2 x
cos x cos x
tgx x + c ;
2
tg xdx =

32. cot g 2 xdx

.: cot gx x + c

24

f ( x ) dx = F ( x ) + c f ( u ) du = F ( u ) + c,

u = ( x)

1) dx = d ( x + b ), b = const . ; 2) dx =

1
1
d (ax ), a = const ; 3) dx = d (ax + b ), a, b const
a
a

(x + 6)11 + c

( x + 6 ) dx = ( x + 6 ) d ( x + 6) =
2) sin ( x + 3) dx = sin ( x + 3) d ( x + 3) =
10

1)

dx

3)

( x 8)

4)

5)

x+5

10

d ( x 8)

( x 8)

;
11
cos( x + 3) + c

1
+c ;
x 8

x 4dx

dx

33
( x 4 )4 + c
4

. ln x + 5 + c ;

6)

x+22
2
1
x+2
dx =

d ( x + 2) = x 2 ln x + 2 + c
dx = dx 2
x+2
x+2
x+2 x+2
2x + 3
dx
. 2 x 3 ln x + 3 + c ;
7)
x+3
1
1
8) cos 4 xdx = cos 4 xd 4 x = sin 4 x + c
4
4
1
dx
9) 2
. cot g 3x + c ;
3
sin 3 x
4
10) 4e 5 x dx
. e 5 x + c ;
5
1 cos 2 x
11) (2e 2 x + e x )dx
. e 2 x e x + c ;
: sin 2 x =
2
x
x

12) 3 cos 3x sin dx

. sin 3x + 3 cos + c ;
3
3

13)
1
1
1 cos 2 x
1
1
1
1
2
sin xdx = 2 dx = 2 1dx 2 cos 2 xdx = 2 x 4 cos 2 xd 2 x = 2 x 4 sin 2 x + c
1
1
1 + cos 2 x
14) cos 2 3 xdx
. x + sin 6 x + c ; : cos 2 x =
2
12
2
8
(5 x + 6) + c
7
15) (5 x + 6) dx
.
40
1
16) e 3 x + 2 dx
. e 3 x + 2 + c ;
3
x

x + 2 dx =

25

17)

dx

(1 + 5x )

1
+c
5(1 + 5 x )

f ' ( x )dx = df ( x )
x2
;
2
x3
;
x 2 dx = d
3
1
dx = dtgx ;
cos 2 x
1
dx = d arcsin x
1 x2
18)

sin xdx = d ( cos x ) = d cos x ;

e x dx = de x ;

xdx = d

1
dx = d ln x ;
x
1
dx = d ( cot gx) ;
sin 2 x

23)

xdx

4 x

25)

x (2 x

26)

(x

1 3
. e x +1 + c
3
6
1
2x 4 + 1 + c ;
.
48
6
1 3
. x + x + c
6
1
. sin + c ;
x

+ 1 dx
5

+ x ) (3 x 2 + 1)dx

1
cos dx
x
2x + 3
dx
28) 2
x + 3x + 1
27)

. 4 x 2 arcsin

dx

2 x +1
x e dx

. 16 x 2 + c

24)

3
1
x
ln x 2 + 9 + arctg + c
2
3
3

16 x
x 1

1
. ln 4 x 2 + 1 + c ;
8
1 2
. e x + c ;
2

21) xe x dx
22)

1
dx = darctgx ;
1+ x2

x2 1
1
xdx
1
1
=
d
d ( x 2 + 4) = ln x 2 + 4 + c ;
= 2
2
2

2
x +4
x +4 2 2 x +4

3x + 1
dx
2
+9
xdx
20) 2
4x + 1
19)

cos xdx = d sin x

. ln x 2 + 3 x + 1 + c

3
x

1
. e e x + c ;
3

e
29) 2 dx
x

e x dx
1
30) x
= x d (e x + 1) = ln (e x + 1) + c ;
e +1
e +1

26

x
+c ;
2

. arctg (e x ) + c ;

e x dx
e2x + 1
e 2 x dx
32) 2 x
e +1
33) e sin x cos xdx

31)

sin 6 x
+c
.
6
1
+c ;
.
a sin 2 x

34) sin 5 x cos xdx

cos x
dx
3
x
cos x
dx
36)
1 + sin 2 x

35)

sin

. arctg (sin x) + c

sin 4 x
sin 2 x + c ;
4
1
. ln(1 + sin 2 x) + c
2

37) sin 3 x 2 sin x cos xdx

38)

sin x cos x
dx
1 + sin 2 x

39) cot gxdx =

40) tgxdx =

1
. ln e 2 x + 1 + c
2
. e sin x + c ;

cos x
1
dx =
d sin x = ln sin x + c ;
sin x
sin x

sin x
1
dx =
d (cosx) = ln cos x + c ;
cos x
cos x
cos 3 x
+c
3

41) sin 3 xdx

. cos x +

ln 3 x
dx
x
1 + ln x
dx
43)
x

ln 4 x
+c;
4
ln 2 x
. ln x +
+c;
2

42)

44)

45)
46)

dx

x ln x = x . ln x dx = ln x d ln x = ln ln x + c
arctg 2 x
1 + x 2 dx
dx

cos

arctg 3 x
+c;
3

. 2 1 + tgx + c

x 1 + tgx
dx
47)
(1 + x ) x
2

. 2arctg x + c ;

x 2 dx
x 1
x 4 dx
49) 2
x +1
dx
50)
x(x 1)

x2
+ x + ln x 1 + c
2
x3
. x + arctgx + c ;
3
x 1
+c
. ln
x
.

48)

27

51)

1
. ln x ln x 2 + 1 + c
2

dx

x+x

- :
I.
R(x)
sinx cosx, , R(x) .
II.
R(x)
lnx,
lnx.

udv = uv vdu
a x

sin x

cos x
I . R( x)
dx
1
2
cos x
1
sin 2 x

ln x

arcsin x

arccos x
II . R( x)
dx
arctgx

arc cot gx
2

2
a x

1.

ln xdx = x.ln x xd ln x = x.ln x x. x dx = x.ln x dx = x ln x x + c

2.

arctgxdx = xarctgx xdarctgx =xarctgx x.

= xarctgx

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

1
1
x2
dx
=
xarctgx

d
1 + x2 2 =
1 + x2

1
1
1
d ( x 2 + 1) = xarctgx ln 1 + x 2 + c ;
2

2 1+ x
2

. x arcsin x + 1 x + c ;
arcsin xdx
xe dx = xde = x.e e dx = xe e + c ;
x.cos xdx = xd sin x = x sin x sin xdx = x sin x + cosx + c ;
x sin xdx = xd ( cos x) = x cos x + cos xdx = x sin x + cos x + c ;
1
1
1
1
1
x sin 2 xdx = 2 xd ( cos 2 x) = 2 x cos 2 x + 2 cos 2 xdx = 2 x cos 2 x + 2 cos 2 xd 2 x =
2

1
1
x cos 2 x + sin 2 x + c ;
2
4
x
8. ( x 1)e dx = ( x 1)de x = ( x 1)e x e x d ( x 1) =( x 1)e x e x dx =( x 1)e x e x + c ;
=.

9.

xe

10.

x cos 3 dx

2x

2x 1 2x
e +c;
4
x
x
. 3x sin + 9 cos + c ;
3
3

dx

28

. ( x + 2 ) sin x + cos x + c ;

11. ( x + 2) cos xdx

. c e x ( x + 1) ;

xe dx
13. ( x + 1)sin xdx
x

12.

. ( x + 1) cos x + sin x + c ;

14.

(2 x + 1)e 2 dx

15.

cos

16.

sin

17.

2
x ln xdx = ln xd

. (4 x 6 )e 2 + c ;

1
sin x
1
xdx = xdtgx = xtgx + tgxdx = xtgx
dx = xtgx
d ( cos x) =
2
x
cos x
cos x
cos x
= xtgx + ln cos x + c
dx =

=.

. x cot gx + ln sin x + c ;

dx

x3 x3
x3
x3
x3 1
x3
1
= ln x d ln x = ln x . dx = ln x x 2 dx =
3
3
3
3
3 x
3
3

1 3
1
x ln x x 3 + c ;
3
9

18.

ln xdx

19.

ln xdx

1 6
1
x ln x x 6 + c ;
6
36
1
1
. x8 ln x x8 + c ;
8
64

20. ln ( x + 1) dx = x.ln( x + 1) xd ln( x + 1) =x.ln( x + 1) x.

= x.ln( x + 1)
21.

x +1
1
dx +
d ( x + 1) = ( x + 1) ln ( x + 1) x + c ;
x +1
x +1

x2 1
x2 x
ln(x 1)
+c;
2
4 2
x2 +1
x
.
arctgx + c ;
2
2
2
. ( x 2) sin x + 2 x cos x + c ;

x ln(x 1)dx

xarctgxdx
23. x cos xdx
24. ( x + 4 x) cos xdx
22.

. ( x 2 + 4 x 2) sin x + (2 x + 4) cos x + c ;

1 x2
x
. cos 4 x + sin 4 x + c ;
8
32 4

25.

2
x sin 4 xdx

26.

x e dx = x de
2 x

x +1 1
1
dx = x.ln( x + 1)
dx =
x +1
x +1

=x 2 e x e x dx 2 = x 2 e x 2 xe x dx = x 2 e x 2 xde x =x 2 e x 2 xe x + e x dx =

= (x 2 2 x + 2)e x + c ;

27. ( x 2 2 x)e x dx

. (x 2 4 x + 4)e x + c ;

28. ( x 2 3)e 2 x dx

29. ln x 2 + 1 dx

x 2 3 2x x 2x 1 2x
e e + e +c
2
2
4
2
. x ln (x + 1) 2 x + 2arctgx + c ;

29

30.

arctgx
x 3 dx

1 arctgx 1

+ + arctgx + c ;
2

2 x
x

)
S2. R ( x, a + x ) dx,
S3. R ( x, x a ) dx,
R ( x,

x
x = a sin t , t = arcsin , dx = a cos tdt ;
a
x
a
2
2
dt ;
x = atgt , t = arc tg , dx =
a
cos 2 t
a
a
a cos t
2
2
, t = arcsin , dx =
x =
;
x
sin t
sin 2 t
b
b
S4. R x, ax 2 + bx + c dx,
x = t , t = x + , dx = dt ;
2a
2a
x
2t
1 t2
,
cos
x
=
S5. R ( sin x, cos x ) dx,
;
x = 2arctgt , t = tg , sin x =
2
1+ t2
1+ t2
S6. R x, n x , m x dx,
x = t k , k = HOK (n, m,...), t = k x , dx = k .t k 1dt ;
S1.

a 2 x 2 dx,

1.

dx
+ 6 x + 13

6
= t 3, t = x + 3, dx = dt
2
x+3
dx
dt
dt
1
t 1
x 2 + 6 x + 13 = (t 3)2 + 6(t 3) + 13 = t 2 + 4 = 2 arctg 2 = 2 arctg 2 + c ;
(4 x 1)dx
2. 2
. 2 ln (x 2 4 x + 5) + 7 arctg ( x 2) + c
x 4x + 5
dx
1
3. 2
.
+c;
3(3x 1)
9x 6x + 1
xdx
1
1
x 1
. ln x 2 2 x + 7 +
arctg
+c
4. 2
2
x 2x + 7
6
6
3
1 x2
(3x 1)dx
+c
. ln x 2 + x 6 ln
5.
2
2 x+3
(x 2)(x + 3)
(2 x + 3)dx
. 2 x 2 6 x + 10 3 ln x + 3 x 2 6 x + 10 + c
6.
2
x 6 x + 10
dx
7.
x x +1
: S4, . x = t

: S6, . x = t 2 , t = x , dx = 2.tdt ;
dx
dt
d (t + 1)
2tdt
x x + 1 = t (t + 1) = 2 t + 1 = 2 t + 1 = 2 ln t + 1 = 2 ln x +1 + c ;

30

dx

1+

8.

x
: S6, . x = t 2 , t = x , dx = 2.tdt ;
1
dx
tdt
t +11
t +1
1 + x = 2 1 + t = 2 1 + t dt = 2 1 + t dt 2 1 + t dt = 2t 2 ln 1 + t =
= 2 x 2 ln x + 1 + c

x dx

1+

9.

: t 2 = t 2 1 + 1, t 2 1 = ( t 1)( t + 1)

. x 2 x + 2 ln
10.

x +1 + c

x 3dx

: S6, . t = x 3, x = t 2 + 3, dx = 2tdt
t5
t3
x x 3dx = (t + 3)t.2tdt = 2 (t + 3t )dt = 2 t dt + 6 t dt = 2. 5 + 6. 3 =
2
(x 3)5 + 2 (x 3)3 + c ;
=
5
dx
11.
. 2 x 1 2 ln x 1 + 1 + c
1+ x 1
3
2
x+4
x 2 + 12 x 2 + c ;
.
dx
12.
3
x2
3
1
3
3 xdx
2x + 1
2x + 1 + c
.
13.
2
2
2x + 1
5
3
2
4
1 + 3x +
1 + 3x + c ;
.
14. ( x + 1) 1 + 3x dx
45
27
3
2
2
xdx
1 + 3x
1 + 3x + c ;
.
15.
27
9
1 + 3x
4
3dx
3
. 4 (5 x 1) + c
16. 4
5
5x 1
2

(
(

)
)

x
dx
x +1
: S6, k = HOK (2, 4) = 4, x = t 4 , t = 4 x , dx = 4.t 3dt
17.

x = 4 t4 = t ,

x = t4 = t2 .

(t 4 1) + 1
(t 2 1)(t 2 + 1)
1
x
t
t4
4
dx = 2 .4t 3 dt = 4 2 dt = 4
dt
dt + 4 2
dt =
=
2
2

t +1
t +1
t +1
t +1
t +1
x +1

4 3
4
t 4t + 4arctgt + c = 4 x3 4 4 x + 4arctg 4 x + c .
3
3
dx
18.
:
. x = t 4 . 44 x 4 ln 4 x + 1 + c ;
4
x (1 + x )

19.

x(

3
3

x dx
x + x)

. x = t 6 . 6 ln 6 x 6 ln 6 x + 1 + c ;

31

20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.

(1 +

dx
3

. 66 x 6arctx 6 x + c ;

x) x

(1 x ) dx
2

: t 4 1 = (t 2 1)(t 2 + 1)

x dx
x2 x

. x

1 3 2x
2x

x2
2

. cot g (arcsin x ) + c =

1 x2

26.

9 x2
dx
x2

27.

1 x 2 dx

. 6 x 2

dx

x 1
x +1

+c

36
(2 x )5 + c ;
5

dx

. 26 x 6 x 3 ln 6

. 2 x

dx

3 3 (x 2)

12 6 5 3 3 2
x +
x +c
5
2

6
(x 2)6 x 2 + c
7
1 x2
+c;
x

9 x2
x
x
x

arcsin + c ;
. cot g arcsin arcsin + c =
3
3
3
x

: S1, . x = sin t , t = arcsin x, dx = cos tdt ,

1 + cos 2t
1
1
2
2
2
1 x dx = 1 sin t .cos tdt = cos tdt = 2 dt = 2 dt + 2 cos 2tdt =
1 1
1 1
= t + cos 2td 2t = t + sin 2t + c =
2 4
2 4
1
1
1
1
= arcsin x + sin (2 arcsin x ) + c = arcsin x + x 1 x 2 + c
2
4
2
2
1
x
x
x

28. 4 x 2 dx . 2 arcsin + sin 2 arcsin + c = x 4 x 2 + 2 arcsin + c

2
2
2
2

x
29.
. 16 x 2 + c ;
dx
2
16 x
dx
x
. sin (arctgx ) + c =
30.
+c;
3
2
x +1
1+ x2

31.

dx
3x x

32.

dx

x2 1
dx
33.
1 + sin x + cos x

: tg

. x = 3sin 2 t

2
2 3x x 2
. cot g arcsin x + c =
+c;
x
3
3
1
1
:
. x =
, . arcsin + c ;
x
sin t

2t
1 t2
x
=
= t , x = 2arctgt , sin x =
;
cos
x
2
1+ t2
1+ t2

32

. ln tg

x
+1 + c ;
2

dx

2 + cos x

34.

x
2 1

tg + c
3 3 2

f (x )dx = F (x )

b
a

= F (b ) F (a ) ,

F ' ( x ) = f ( x ) -

x3
53 13 124
= =
1. x dx =
;
3
31 3 3
1
2

2.

4
dx
= 2 x = 2 4 2 1= 2;
1
x

(e

3.

+ 10 ) dx = e dx + 10dx = e
0

dx

1+ x

4.

+ 10 x 0 = e2 e0 + 10.2 10.0 = e 2 + 19 ;

= arctgx 0 = arctg1 arctg 0 =

x +1
2 x + 2 dx

5.
1

xdx
7. 2
0 2x + 1
1

9.

(x
0

xdx
2

+ 1)

. 2 ln 6 + ln 4 ;

6.
8.

1
;
4

10.

. 4 ;

1
3
x+3
;
dx . (ln 8 ln 4 ) +
2
2
8
+4

ln 3
.
4
.

x 2 dx
2
2 x + 4

x
0

1 ln x
dx
x
1

1
2

11. cos 2 xdx

+2
8

12. sin 2 xdx

13.

2 cos

x sin xdx

7
.
;
12

14.

x
1+ x2

dx

2 1 ;

udv = uv

b
a

15.

x sin xdx = xd ( cos x) = x cos x

vdu
a

= cos + 0.cos 0 + sin sin 0 = ;

1
2
2
x
;
17. x sin 2 xdx
16. xe dx . 1
e
0
0

33

+ cisxdx = x cos x 0 + sin x 0 =

. ;

18. ( x 1)e dx
0

19.

2 x
xe dx .
2

1 4
5e 7e 6 ;
4

1
. ;
e

x2 x2
x2
22
12
1
1
= ln x d ln x = ln 2 ln1 x 2 . dx =
20. x ln xdx = ln xd
2
2
2
2
2
21
x
1
1
1
1
2

1 x2
3
= 2 ln 2 .
= 2 ln 2 .
2 2 1
4

21.

3
x sin xdx

e 1

. 3 6 ;

22.

(ln x + 1)dx

. e ;

24.

25.

2 x ln(x

+ 4 dx . 8 ln 8 4 ln 4 4 ;

x cos xdx = xd sin x = x.sin x 02 sin xdx =

0

. 1 ;

23.

ln(x + 1)dx

.sin

0.sin 0 + cos x 02 =

+1 .

f(x) [a,b], x = (t )
:
t [ , ], x = (t ) [a, b];
( ) = a, ( ) = b;
(t ) [ , ],

f ( x)dx = f ( (t )) (t )dt .

26.

x
dx .
x 1

: S6, . x = t 2 , t = x , dx = 2.tdt ;
: = 4 = 2; = 9 = 3.
9

3
x
t
t2
t 2 1+1
t 2 1
1
2
=
=
=
=
dx
tdt
dt
dt
.2
2
2
2
4 x 1 2 t 1
2 t 1
2 t 1
2 t 1 dt + 22 t 1 dt = (t + 2t + 2 ln t 1) 2 =
= 7 + ln 4 .
1
9

dx
dx
.
;
28.
. 6 2 ln 4 ;
27.
2
x
0 (1 + x ) x
0 1+
4

29.

dx

(1 +
1

1
. 2 ln 3 2 ln 2 ;
3

31.

x + 4dx

33.

x+2

dx

30.

9
;
2

32.

26
;
3

34.

34

x 2dx
x
1 + 3x

. 4 ;

dx

dx
1+ x +

16
;
3

(1 + x )3

xdx
35. 2
0 x 2x + 2

36.

9x

dx
+ 6x + 1

1
;
4

1) f ( x) 0 a x b
a xb

2) f ( x) 0 a x b

S = f ( x )dx

S = f ( x )dx

y = x2
1. S=?
x + y = 2

17
6

y = x2
2. S=?
y = x

1
6

y 2 = 2 x
3. S=? 2
x = 2 y

1
;
3

35

3) f ( x) g ( x)
b

S = [ f (x ) g ( x )]dx
a

y = x2 +1

4. S=? x = 1, x = 3
y = 0

32
;
3

2 y = x 2 2
5. S=?
;
y = 0

32
;
3

y = x 2 + 2x + 3
6. S=?
y = 0

32
;
3

1. ., ., .,
( ), . - .
, 2002.
2. , ,
,
: , ISBN 10:954-9526-34-8 ,2008
3. ., .-, ., ., ,
2, , , 1977.
4. , , , ,
, 2000, ISBN 954-427-416-2.

36