Date:November6,2015

LabPartners:PatrishaCarter,KylarHanley,AndreaJansen,JordanJohnson

DiffusionandOsmosisLab

1B:DialysisTubingBags

Question
Whatarethesucrosemolaritiesof6unknownsolutions?
Thesucrosemolaritiesofthe6unknownsolutionsare0.0M(distilledwater),0.2M,0.4M,
0.6M,0.8M,1.0M.

Variables
IndependentVariable:
Themolarconcentrationofthesolutionsinthedialysisbag(0.0M,0.2M,0.4M,0.6M,
0.8M,1.0M).
DependentVariable:
Percentchangeinmassofthedialysisbag.
Constants:
Theamountofsolutionplacedinthebag(20mL)andthebeaker.
Thetemperaturewasataconstantat21

C.
Allofthebagswereplacedindistilledwater.
Theywereallleftinthesolutionfor20minutes

MaterialsandProcedures
Seelabhandout

DataTables
GroupData:

Color

Contentsin
DialysisBag

InitialMass

FinalMass

Mass
Difference

Percent
Changein
Mass

Red

0.4M

26.506.20=
20.30g

27.656.20=
21.45g

1.15g

5.67%

Orange

0.0M

26.106.20=
19.90g

25.806.20=
19.60g

0.30g

1.51%

Yellow

0.8M

27.306.20=
21.10g

29.206.20=
23.00g

1.90g

10.40%

Blue

0.2M

27.556.20=
21.35g

27.906.20=
21.70g

0.35g

8.00%

Green

0.6M

26.706.20=
20.50g

28.406.20=
22.20g

1.70g

2.10%

Purple

1.0M

28.606.20=
22.40g

31.106.20=
24.90g

24.90g

11.16%

*weighttray=6.20g

MeanData:

DialysisTubing

Mean(%ChangeinMass)

Molarity

Red

5.8%

0.4

Orange

1.0%

0.0

Yellow

10.4%

0.8

Green

8.0%

0.6

Blue

2.1%

0.2

Purple

14.2%

1.0

Graph

AnalysisQuestions
1. Themolaritiesofthesucrosedeterminesthechangeinmassofthebag.More
specifically,asthemolarconcentrationincreasesthemasswillalsoincrease,becauseit
hasalowerwaterpotentialallowingmorewatertopermeateintothedialysisbag.
Moreover,thebagswithahighermolaritywillgainmorewater,thereforeincreasingthe
mass.
2. Thebagswithamolaritylessthan0.4Mwoulddecreaseinmass,becausethebagwould
haveahigherconcentrationofwaterthatthewaterinthebeaker.Thebagwithamolarity
of0.4Mwouldstaythesame,becausetheconcentrationofwaterwouldbethesamein
thebagandthecup.Thebagswithamolaritygreaterthan0.4Mwouldincreaseinmass,
becausethebaghasalowerwaterpotentialthanitssurroundingenvironment.
3. Usingthepercentchangeinmassprovidesuswithabasistocomparethevaluesgathered
byeachgroup,seeingasthougheachgroupstartedwithdifferentinitialmasses.
4. Percentchangeinmass=1820/20=2/20=
10.0%
5. Thesucrosesolutioninthebeakerwouldhavebeen
hypertonic
tothedistilledwaterin
thebag.

Conclusion

Theconcentrationoftheredsolutionwas0.4M,whiletheconcentrationoftheorange
solutionwas0.0M.Inaddition,theconcentrationoftheyellowsolutionis0.8M,while
theconcentrationofthegreensolutionis0.6M.Furthermore,theconcentrationofthe
bluesolutionwas0.2Mandtheconcentrationofthepurplesolutionwas1.0M.We
determinedthemolarconcentrationbyfindingthepercentchangeinmass.Therefore,the
solutionwiththehighestpercentchangeinmasswouldbematchedwiththegreatest
molarity,1.0M,andthesolutionwiththelowestpercentchangeinmasswouldbe
matchedwiththelowestmolarity,0.0M.

Ahighsoluteconcentrationwillresultinalowerormorenegativesolutepotential
becauseitincreasesthevalueformolarconcentration(C)foundinthesolutepotential
formula.This,inturn,willcausealowerwaterpotential.Alowsoluteconcentrationwill
resultinahigherorlessnegativevalueforsolutepotential,resultinginahigherwater
potential.

Thehighwaterpotentialswerelocatedinthebeakerswiththedistilledwater.
Thelowwaterpotentialswerelocatedinthedialysistubingbagswithhighmolar
concentrations.Solutionswithhighsoluteconcentrationshavelowsolutepotential,
whichresultsinlowwaterpotentials.Fromthegraph,wewereabletogatherthatdialysis
bagswithhighermolarconcentrationofsucrose

hadmoreofapositivepercentchangein
mass,duetotheirmorehypertonic

nature.Ahighsoluteconcentrationresultsinalow
waterconcentration.Therefore,morewaterwouldmoveintothedialysistubingbag
becauseofthelowwaterpotentialofthebag.Asthemolarconcentrationincreased,the
dialysistubingbaghadagreaterpositivepercentchangeinmass.

Throughouttheexperimentthereareseveralerrorsthatcouldhavebeenmade.For
example,whenmassingboththedialysisbagsandthepotatocoreswecouldhavetaken
aninaccuratemeasureofmass.Thiscouldhavehadasignificantimpactonour
experiment,becauseitwouldhavechangedthepercentchangeinmass.Also,inthe
experimentthedialysistubingswerenotfullysubmergedinthewater,becausethecup
wastoosmall.Ifthetubingwasfullysubmergedinthewater,thepercentchangeinmass
wouldhaveprobablybeenmoredrastic.Finally,ifthedialysistubeswerenotproperly
dried,extramasswouldhavebeenadded.Onceagain,thiserrorcouldhaveimpactedthe
percentchangeinmass.

1C:PotatoCores

Question
Whatisthemolarconcentrationofthesolutewithinthepotatocore?

Themolarconcentrationofthesolutewithinthepotatocoreis0.25M.

Variables
IndependentVariable:
Themolarconcentrationofthesolutionsthepotatocoreswereputinto(0.0M,0.2M,
0.4M,0.6M,0.8M,1.0M).
DependentVariable:
Percentchangeinmassofthepotatocores.
Constants:
Thesametypeofpotatowasusedthroughouttheexperiment.
Thetemperaturewasataconstantat21

C.
Allofthebeakershadthesameamountofsolution.
Thesamenumberofpotatocoreswereusedthroughouttheexperiment(3piecesof
potatocores).

MaterialsandProcedures
Seelabhandout

DataTables
GroupData:

Color

InitialMass

FinalMass

Mass
Difference

PercentChange
inMass

Red

10.206.20=
4.00g

9.406.20=
3.20g

0.80g

20%

Orange

9.606.20=
3.40g

10.006.20=
3.80g

0.40g

11.76%

Yellow

9.906.20=
3.70g

8.306.20=
2.10g

1.16g

43.24%

Blue

9.356.20=
3.15g

9.256.20=
3.05g

0.10g

3.17%

Green

9.756.20=
3.55g

8.356.20=
2.15g

1.40g

39.44%

Purple

8.156.20=
1.95g

8.256.20=
2.05g

0.10g

5.13%

*weighttray=6.20g


MeanData:

PotatoCores

Mean(%ChangeinMass)

Molarity

Red

20.1%

0.4

Orange

17.7%

0.0

Yellow

40.1%

0.8

Green

34.1%

0.6

Blue

2.30%

0.2

Purple

34.1%

1.0

Graph

1D:CalculationsandExperimentalData
Usingtheequationlistedandthemolarconcentrationfromthegraphin1C,calculatethe
solutepotentialforthepotato.

s=iCRT
i:ionizationconstantnumberofionscreatedinthesolution
C:molarconcentrationofsolute(moles/L)
R:Pressureconstant0.0831Lbars/molesK
T:TemperatureinKelvin(K)273+
C


s=(1)(
.25moles/L
)(.0831L*bars/moles*K)(294K)=6.10785bars=
6bars
Calculatewaterpotential
Waterpotential()=pressurepotential(p)+solutepotential(s)
=0+6=
6bars

AnalysisQuestions
1. Thepotatocellswoulddecreaseinwaterpotential,becausetheywouldlosewater
moleculestotheatmosphere.Lessfreewatermoleculeswouldbepresentdueto
dehydration.Adecreaseinsolutepotentialcausesadecreaseinwaterpotentialandan
increaseinsoluteconcentration.
2. Theplantcellishypotonictoitsenvironment.Thiswillresultinthecellgainingwater.
Theplantcellhasalowerwaterpotentialthanitsoutsideenvironment,meaningithasa
lowerconcentrationofwatermolecules(higherconcentrationofsolute)thanits
environment.
3. Thepressurepotentialofthesystemiszero.
4. The
dialysisbag
hasthegreatestwaterpotential.
5. Waterwilldiffuse
outof
thebag,becausethehigherwaterconcentrationinthebagwill
diffusetothelowerconcentrationinthebeaker.
6. Zucchinicoresplacedinsucrosesolutionsat27

Cresultedinthefollowingpercent
changesafter24hours:

%ChangeinMass

SucroseMolarity

20%

DistilledMolarity

10%

0.2M

3%

0.4M

17%

0.6M

25%

0.8M

30%

1.0M


7b.Themolarconcentrationofsoluteswithinthezucchinicellsis0.35M.
8.
a.Calculatesolutepotential(
s)ofthesucrosesolutioninwhichthemassofthe
zucchinicoresdoesnotchange.
s=iCRT
s=(1)(
0.35moles/L
)(0.0831L*bars/moles*K)(300K)=8.7255bars=9bars

b.Calculatethewaterpotential
Waterpotential()=pressurepotential(p)+solutepotential(s)
=0+9=9bars
9.Addingsolutedecreasesthesolutepotential(s)ofthesolution.Whenusingtheformula
iCRT,increasingtheamountofsoluteincreasesthemolarconcentration(C)ofthesolution,
resultinginamorenegativevalueforthesolutepotential.

10.Considerwhatwouldhappentoaredbloodcell(RBC)placedindistilledwater:
a. Distilledwater
wouldhavehigherconcentrationofwatermolecules.
b. Distilledwater
wouldhavethehigherwaterpotential.
c. Theredbloodcellwouldswellandtheneventuallyburst.Becauseit'shypotonictoits
environment,morewaterwouldmoveintothecell.

11.Thegrassnearroadsthathavebeencoveredwithsalttoremoveicedieduetotheir
environmentbecominghypertonic.Theplantssurroundingenvironmenthasalowerwater
potentialthantheplantitselfbecauseofthehigherconcentrationofsalt.Thisresultsinthewater
tomovingfrominsidetheplanttooutsideoftheplant,causingtheplanttowitherupanddie.