Mt s cu hi phng vn GSM

C my cu hi phng vn v GSM, mi ngi tham gia tho lun cho zui:

1. Trnh by chc nng CHNH ca cc phn t trong phn h chuyn mch ca h thng
GSM?
2. Trong di ng GSM, s knh tn s c php s dng rt t so vi tng s thu bao
trong mng. Lm th no khng nghn mch trn giao tip v tuyn?
3. Trong di ng, tng i qun l v tr ca cc thu bao bng cch no?
4. Khi MS ang ch m thoi v di chuyn sang BTS khc th da vo u n c bit
c thay i BTS. Tng i c bit c hng di chuyn ca thu bao khng? Nu c
hy gii thch.
5. iu khin cng sut l g? Mc ch ca iu khin cng sut. Trnh by nhng cch iu
khin cng sut trong di ng v cho bit cch no ti u hn? V sao?
6. So snh knh FACCH v SACCH?
7. Mng di ng Viettel c cp php s dng cc knh tn s t 43 n 82. Hy cho bit
knh tn s s dng c th trn mi cell v s thu bao c th phc v ng thi trn mi
BTS nu:
a. S dng li tn s kiu 3/9.
b. S dng li tn s kiu 4/12.
8. Ti sao trong di ng, MS pht tn thp, thu tn cao?
9. Mt BTS c cu hnh 5/5/5 th ng truyn v BSC cn bao nhiu E1? Gii thch.
10. Trn mt cell ca GSM, nu mt thit b thu pht ca mt knh tn s no b hng
th cc knh tn s cn li c hot ng bnh thng khng? Gii thch.
Ti xin m mn bng 2 cu u, mi ngi cho kin:
Cu 1: Cc chc nng chnh ca cc phn t trong phn h chuyn mch ca h thng
GSM:
+ MSC (Mobile services Switching Center): trung tm chuyn mch di ng

- X l cuc gi (chuyn mch, iu khin & ng k)

- Tng tc mng (IWF): giao tip vi PSTN, ISDN, PSPDN

- Qun l di ng trn mng v tuyn v cc mng khc

- Qun l v tuyn chuyn giao gia cc BSC

- X l tnh cc
+ VLR (Visitor Location Register): l c s d liu trung gian lu tr tm thi thng tin v
thu bao trong vng phc v MSC/VLR c tham chiu t c s d liu HLR. Thng tin lu
tr trong VLR:

- Cc s nhn dng IMSI, MSISDN, TMSI

- S hiu nhn dng vng nh v ang phc v MS (LAI)

- Danh sch dch v MS c/hn ch s dng

- Trng thi ca MS (bn/ri)

+ HLR (Home Location Register): l c s d liu tham chiu lu gi cc thng tin lu di v
thu bao. Thng tin lu gi trong HLR:

- Cc s nhn dng IMSI, MSISDN

- Cc thng tin v thu bao

- Danh sch dch v MS c/hn ch s dng

- S hiu VLR ang phc v MS

+ AuC (Authentication Center): l c s d liu lu gi kha nhn dng Ki ca cc thu
bao v to ra b 3 tham s nhn thc (RAND, SRES, Kc) khi HLR yu cu tin hnh qu
trnh nhn thc thu bao

+ EIR (Equipment Identification Register): l c s d liu lu gi thng tin v tnh hp l

ca thit b di ng qua s IMEI. Cc mc trng thi c th c:

- Danh sch trng: cc u cui c php kt ni vi mng

- Danh sch xm: cc u cui t di s gim st ca mng vi nhng vn

c th xy ra

- Danh sch en: u cui khng c php kt ni vi mng (b bo mt hay

khng c duyt vi mng GSM)
+ GMSC (Gateway MSC): nh tuyn nhng cuc gi ra ngoi mng v l im truy cp vi
nhng cuc gi vo mng t bn ngoi (PSTN, PSPDN, ISDN). Vic la chn nhng MSC no
lm vic nh nhng GMSC l do nh iu hnh mng quy nh.
Cu 2: GSM s dng phng thc truyn song cng phn chia theo tn s, cc knh v
tuyn ca h thng c n nh nm trong mt bng tn gii hn c cp pht, do s
knh tn s l gii hn v rt t so vi tng s thu bao trong mng. Chnh v th m vic s
dng hiu qu bng tn c cp pht c th phc v c mt s lng ln thu bao
(v ngy cng tng) l mt vn cn c xem xt n. Mt s phng php c a ra
gii quyt vn ny l:
- S dng phng php a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian (TDMA) tng s lng
thu bao c th phc v trong mt knh v tuyn. C th mi knh v tuyn s c chia
thnh 8 khe thi gian (TS: Time Slot), mi khe thi gian c th phc v cho 1 thu bao, nh
vy s thu bao c phc v s tng ln.
- S dng li tn s nhng khong cch m bo t s C/I khng nh hng nhiu ti
cht lng dch v. Phng php ny nhm tng hiu sut s dng knh v tuyn, cng
mt knh v tuyn c th c s dng nhng v tr khc nhau min l nhiu vi knh
cng tn s c kim sot.
- Ty theo nhu cu dch v nhng vng khc nhau m c s iu chnh quy hoch thch
hp. C th, vi nhng vng c mt ng, nhu cu s dng dch v cao th s tng mt
phn b cc trm BTS (chia nh vng phc v, lp thm BTS nu cn thit kt hp vi
quy hoch tn s thch hp).
Cu 3:Tng i qun l v tr ca thu bao da vo
-Location update:Cp nht v tr ca MS ( mode idle) khi MS di chuyn
-IMSI Attach/Detach: Cp nht v tr khi MS bt hay tt
-Periodic registration: Cp nht theo mt khong thi gian nh trc phng trng
hp MS i vo vng khng c sng
Cu 3: xin ni r hn nh th ny:
Tng i qun l v tr ca thu bao da trn th tc cp nht v tr, th tc ny c thc
hin:
- Khi MS tt my v m my tr li - ci ny c th hiu nh ng k v tr (Location
registration)
- Khi MS ang hot ng ( ch ri) v di chuyn sang mt vng nh v khc
- Sau mt khong thi gian xc nh - ci ny gi l cp nht v tr nh k (Periodic
Location Update)
4. Khi MS ang ch m thoi v di chuyn sang BTS khc th da vo u n
c bit c thay i BTS.

Khi MS ang ch m thoi v di chuyn sang BTS khc s da vo giao thc handover
(handover procedure) bit c hay khng vic thay i BTS nhm duy tr tnh lin tc ca
cuc gi.Qu trnh handover tin hnh nh sau:
1/MS ch m thoi (dedicate mode) theo chu k s gi cc MR (Measurement Reports)
cho BTS thng qua knh Uplink SACCH (480ms/ln nu MS ang chim knh
TCH,470ms/ln khi MS ang chim knh SDCCH) .C th phn MR thnh 2 loi:
-Uplink MR:c o lng bi BTS,cho bit thng tin v mc thu v cht lng thu t MS
-Dowlink MR:c o lng bi MS,cho bit mc thu,cht lng thu,TA,kiu cng
sut,DTX,...ca cell ang phc v (serving cell).ng thi MS s o lng cng sut knh
BCCH ca cc neighbor cell,chn ra 6 neighbor cell c mc thu cao nht v bo co v cho
BTS
2/Cc MR sau c gi cho BSC.Da vo cc thng tin trn,BSC s chy thut ton
Handover (HO Algorithm) quyt nh c thc hin HO hay khng.
3/Nu phi HO,BSC s gi Handover Command cho MS.MS s c h thng thit lp mt
kt ni mi sau khi gii ta kt ni c.
Tng i c bit c hng di chuyn ca MS hay khng?Nu c hy gii thch.
C tri mi bit MS mun di chuyn hng no.Tng i ch c th xc nh v tr ca MS
m thi.
6. So snh knh FACCH v SACCH?
1/Ging nhau:
-Cng thuc nhm knh DCCH (Dedicated control channel)
-Cng thuc loi bi-direction channel (thng tin cho c uplink v downlink)
2/Khc nhau
-SACCH (Slow associated control channel) c th dng kt hp vi TCH hay SDCCH trong
mt multi-frame
FACCH (Fast associated control channel) ch kt hp vi TCH (Chnh xc l mn bit TCH khi
cn)
-S dng FACCH khi cn truyn ti thng tin nhanh hn so vi SACCH trnh vic gin
on lin lc (v d trong HO,mt multi-frame 26 ch c mt frame SACCH,do phi dng
bin TCH thnh FACCH iu khin HO)
-Uplink SACCH: truyn ti Measurement report
Downlink SACCH: truyn ti thng tin h thng (LAI,Cell ID,NCC,TA,mc cng sut,...)
FACCH: Phn pht cc bn tin HO v acknowledgement
Cu 5. iu khin cng sut l g? Mc ch ca iu khin cng sut. Trnh by
nhng cch iu khin cng sut trong di ng v cho bit cch no ti u hn? V
sao?
- iu khin cng sut l qu trnh iu chnh mc cng sut pht ca BTS v MS khi MS di
chuyn li gn hay ra xa BTS
Vi h thng GSM, BTS ch iu chnh cng sut 1 ln khi ci t (do BTS ch qun l 1 vng
c nh), cn MS phi thay i mc cng sut pht ca mnh do s thay i v tr ca n so
vi BTS.
- Mc ch ca iu khin cng sut l cho php ch cn pht vi mc tn hiu cn thit

(thp nht c th) m vn duy tr c cht lng cuc m thoi. Li ch chnh t vic iu
chnh cng sut l gim nhiu knh v tuyn vi cc thit b khc v tng thi gian s dng
pin ca MS.
- Nhng cch iu khin cng sut
(1) iu khin vng h: MS o cng sut m n nhn c t BTS t iu chnh cng
sut pht ca n. Dng iu khin cp th.
u im: p ng nhanh
Nhc im: Khng chnh xc do: (i) suy hao ng ln v ng xung khc nhau; (ii)
cng sut m MS nhn c l tng cng sut ca tt c cc BTS xung quanh.
(2) iu khin vng ng: BTS da vo cng sut nhn c t MS, kt hp tnh ton da
trn cc thng s truyn sng quyt nh mc cng sut pht ca MS. Dng iu khin
cp tinh; kt hp b sung cho kiu iu chnh cp th cch 1.
Nh vy cch 2 s ti u hn do c s tnh ton ti u BSC.
Thc t s dng kt hp c 2 cch v ln u khi MS truy nhp mng th s dng vng h
(nh mc cng sut cn pht ln BTS ln u tin), sau khi truy nhp mng s dng vng
ng c c mc cng sut pht ph hp nht.
Cu hi thm v iu khin cng sut: iu khin cng sut trong h thng CDMA
c g khc bit so vi h thng GSM?
- Ngoi tit kim cng sut pht ca BTS v MS, khc vi GSM, iu khin cng sut trong
CDMA cn phi iu chnh cng sut pht ca cc MS sao cho cc tn hiu uplink n BTS
c
mc cng sut bng nhau gim nh hng ln nhau gia cc knh uplink ca MS (hiu
ng
gn xa).
- Bc iu chnh cng sut trong h thng GSM l 2dB, nhp iu chnh l 60ms
(khong 16
ln mi s); trong CDMA, mi step iu chnh l 1dB, nhp 1,25ms (800 ln mi s).
- Trong CDMA, BTS lin tc gim dn cng sut pht v khi FER bt u tng (tn hiu hi
tip t
MS) th BTS s tng cng sut pht.
- Trong GSM, cng sut pht ca BTS thng c iu chnh trc mt mc c nh no

ch khng iu chnh nh trong CDMA.

Cu 7. Mng di ng Viettel c cp php s dng cc knh tn s t 43 n 82
a. S dng li tn s kiu 3/9.
Mng mu gm 3 site (A, B, C), mi site gm 3 cell-sector (1, 2, 3)
Knh tn s s dng c th trong mi cell nh bng di y:

- Cc cell A1, A2, B1, B2 s dng 5 knh tn s --> s knh logic ca h thng l 5*8=40

knh (40 khe thi gian - TS (TimeSlot))

Mi cell dnh 1TS cho BCH 1TS cho SDCCH v 1TS cho GPRS (nu cn) --> s TS dnh cho
lu lng cn 40-3=37 TCH --> tc l c kh nng phc v ng thi cho 37 thu bao.
- Cc cell cn li s dng 4 knh tn s. Tng t ta tnh c s knh TCH l 4*8-3=29
TCH --> phc v ng thi cho 29 thu bao.
BTS t trn site A hoc B s dng cu hnh 5/5/4 --> s thu bao phc v c ng thi
trn cc BTS ny l: 2*37+29=103 thu bao
BTS t trn site C s dng cu hnh 4/4/4 --> s thu bao phc v c ng thi trn
BTS ny l: 3*29=81 thu bao.
b. S dng li tn s kiu 4/12.
Mng mu gm 4 site (A, B, C, D), mi site gm 3 cell-sector (1, 2, 3)
Knh tn s s dng c th trong mi cell nh bng di y:

BTS t cc site s dng cng 1 cu hnh l 4/3/3

Tnh ton tng t nh trn, ta tnh c s thu bao phc v c ng thi trn mi BTS
l:
(4*8-3)+2*(3*8-3)=73 thu bao.
Cu 9. Mt BTS c cu hnh 5/5/5 th ng truyn v BSC cn bao nhiu E1? Gii
thch.
Ta bit lung truyn dn l E1 (PCM30/32, 2048 kbps) tiu chun, mi mt trong 30 TS
truyn tn hiu thoi ti 4 knh thoi s, mi knh c tc 16 kbps (l tn hiu thoi c
s ha bng LPC vocoder kiu RPE-LTP), tc l 1 lung E1 c th truyn c ti a 120
knh thoi s GSM.
Vi BTS cu hnh 5/5/5, tnh ton tng th nh cu 7 ta tnh c s knh TCH l:
3*(5*8-3)=111 TCH, nh vy ch cn 1 lung E1 truyn v BSC l !
Thm my cu na
Cu 11: Ti sao khong phng v ca cm truy nhp (AB - Access Burst) li ln nh vy
(68.25 bit)? N c quyt nh ci g khng? TA (Timming Advance) l g? Ti sao li phi c
TA, khng c c c khng?
Cu 12: Fading l g? nh hng ca n v bin php khc phc nhng nh hng xu?
Cu 13: Khi MS truy nhp mng ln u n o cng thu ca ton b cc sng mang
ng xung (tc l 124 sng mang i vi bng GSM900 c bn, 174 sng mang i vi EGSM900 v 374 sng mang i vi DCS1800) ri s chn ra sng mang c cng mnh
nht cm tri trn sng mang , ng khng? Lm sao MS bit nh mng mnh ang
ng k m chn sng mang c cng ln nht ca nh mng ?
Cu 14: Ti sao cc knh iu khin SACCH, BCCH, CCCH (gm PCH v AGCH), CBCH v
SDCCH li c sp xp theo t hp 4 knh khi truyn trong cu trc a khung (tr trng

hp knh SACCH kt hp vi TCH)? T gii thch v sao bo co o lng ca MS n

mng sau mi 480ms?
Cu 15: Khi c mt cuc gi ti MS, lm sao mng nh tuyn ti ng MS ?