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Estimation 1: Lesson 4 - Excavation
Estimation 1: Lesson 4 - Excavation
Lesson 4 - Excavation
Excavation
Excavation
Excavation
Excavation
Excavation
excavation
Excavation around sewer pipes, existing
buildings
Excavation
Excavation
Excavation
Site visit
accurate
Phone the companies to locate the lines for
you. Need to give them advanced notice
consent
Aborist report/permits
Sediment control
Excavation
Excavation
Under cutting
Excavation
Excavation
Special excavation
Rock
Excavation
Excavation
Excavation
Degree of Difficulty
Excavation
Surface Conditions
Drainage what happens to the water
across the site. It cant flow into the
existing roads
Sediment control is important
Permit/consents
Silt
are required
ponds
Sand bags
Protect existing waterways
Excavation
Surface Conditions
Trees
Consents
are required
Do you have to protect trees
If they are to be removed who will take them?
Can they be sold for firewood? Are you allowed
burning on site?
Excavation
Sub surface Conditions
Geotech reports
These
If
Excavation
Sub surface Conditions
Some
Soft
Excavation
Utilities
Utility
Excavation
Project size
Check if the site is large enough to store all
the equipment and spoil heaps
Traffic Control
Traffic management systems are becoming
paramount they are very expensive
Excavation
Security
Check the security issues of leaving the big
machines on site. They wont take the
machines but they will take the batteries !!
Bream Bay
Do you need to hire security ??
Do you have to fence the site for public
safety??
Excavation
Time of year works are completed
Existing and imported soils
Earthworks
Excavation
Face shovel
Particularly suitable working against banks,
forming cuttings and embankments
Excavation
Grab
Used to load loose material into spoil heaps
on site
Excavation
Graders
Level out deposit fill
Excavation
Rollers
Used for compaction
Excavation
bulking factor
factor
1.00
In place
1.25
compaction
0.90
loose
Compacte
d
Excavation
Bulking factors
% by volume
Gravel 10%
Sand
12.5%
Ordinary earth 25%
Clay
33%
Chalk
33.3 %
Rock
50%
Excavation
By hand factors
Ordinary ground has a value of 1
Type of ground
multipler
Sand
0.75
Stiff clay
1.25
Compacted gravel 1.50
Soft chalk
2.50
Soft rock
4.00
Excavation - calculations
Excavate to reduced levels
Requirements excavator with a banksman
The output of the excavator includes digging
and loading directly onto a waiting truck
Say Banksman is $20.00/hr
Excavator and driver is $40.00/hr
Hourly cost of operation excavator $40.00
Banksman $ 20.00
TOTAL
$60.00/hr
Excavation
Excavate to reduced levels contd
Output of excavator - $15m3/hr
So cost/m3 = $60.00/15 = $4.00/m3
Excavation
Excavate trenches
Requirement 90% completed by machine,
10% completed by hand. Banksman
required for machine
All in hourly rate is as before - $60.00/hr
Assume excavator is 9m3/hr
Cost for excavation = $60/9
= $6.67/m3
Excavation
Excavate trenches contd
Hand digging labour = $15.00/hr
1 labour digs 1 m3 in 2.5 hours
Cost/m3 = $15.00 x 2.5 =$37.50/m3
Total cost
90% of machine cost 90% x $6.67 = $6.00
10% of hand digging 10% x $37.50 = $3.75
TOTAL
= $9.75/m3
Excavation
Disposal of water
Requirement 2 pumps for 8 weeks of
excavation
Labour a day in attendance
Labour - $15.00 /hr
Hire of a pump
$150/week
Cost of fuel/pump $20/week
Total cost of pump $170/week
Excavation
Disposal of water contd
Hire of pump 2 x $170 x 8 weeks =
$2,720.00
Cost of labour
0.50 hour x (8 x 5) days x $15.00/hr
=$2,420.00
TOTAL
= $5,140.00
Excavation
Removal of excavated material
Requirement the excavation is loaded
directly onto 10 tonne lorries
The cost of the excavation is included in the
excavation rate
For the excavator to work efficiently, once
one truck is loaded another one comes
through the gate.
Excavation
Removal of excavated material contd
No of vehicles =
time taken to load + total journey
time
time taken to load
Lorry and driver = $95/hr
Tipping fees = $ 40/load
Excavation
Removal of excavated material contd
Weight of earth = 1.60tonnes/m3 so a 10
tonne lorry with a full load takes
10 tonnes/1.6 = 6.5m3
Allow for bulking factor of 25%
6.5m3 = 6.5m3 x 100/125 = 5 m3
Excavation
Removal of excavated material contd
Time taken to load 5 m3 assume the
excavator is 9m3/hr
= 5/9 = 33 mins
Assume tip is 10k from site
Outward journey 15 mins
Tipping time
5 mins
Return journey
12 mins
Total time
32 mins
Excavation
Removal of excavated material contd
Therefore no of lorries needed are
33 mins + 32 mins = 2 no aprox
33 mins
Cost of operation = 2 no lorries x $95/hr =
$190
Excavation
Removal of excavated material contd
Excavator is working continously and the
quantity of excavated material removed in
1 hour is 9m3
Cost /m3 = $190/9 = $21.11/m3
Tipping charge $40/load
Cost/m3 = 40/5m3 = $8.00/m3
Total cost/m3 = $21.11 + $8.00
= $29.11/m3
Excavation
References
Estimating excavation Deryl Burch
Estimating and tendering building works
R.C Smith