Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BY
MANI RATHINAM RAJAMANI
DRAWINGS
Drawing :
A method of conveying ideas concerning the construction / assembly of
objects.
Link b/w Designer and Assembler
Described by lines, notes, abbreviations, symbols ,..ETC.
Modern Drawings:
Computer Aided Design Drafting (CADD)
Computer Aided Design (CAD) : Product Design.
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) : Product Manufacturing.
Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) : Product Engineering / Analysis /
Simulation & PLC.
DRAWING TYPES
Information as size and shape of the object and all of its parts,
Specifications for material to be used,
how the material is to be finished,
how the parts are to be assembled,
Types of Drawings:
(1) Detail,
(2) Assembly,
(3) Installation.
DRAWING TYPES
DETAIL DRAWING:
A description of a single part,
described by lines, notes, and symbols the
specifications for size, shape, material, and
methods of manufacture.
several detail drawings may be shown on the
same sheet or print.
ASSEMBLY DRAWING:
A description of an object made up of two or
more parts.
to show the relationship of the various parts
assembled.
An assembly drawing is usually more complex
than detail drawing and accompanied by detail
drawings.
DRAWING TYPES
INSTALLATION DRAWING :
all necessary info for a part or an
assembly in the final installed
position in the aircraft.
shows dimensions necessary for
location of parts with relation to
the other parts
reference dimensions that are
helpful in later work in the shop.
TITLE BLOCK
TITLE BLOCKS:
means of identification.
consists of data concerning the
drawing
1. A drawing number.
2. The name of Part or Assembly.
3. Scale.
4. Date of Release.
5. Name of firm.
6. Name of draftsmen, checker, and
the approver.
Position: lower right-hand corner.
DRAWING NUMBER
identification symbol,
Revised dates
nature of revision
Authority Name for
change
Name of draftsman who
made change.
LOCATION IDENTIFICATION
STATION NUMBERS :
A numbering system is used on large assemblies for aircraft to locate stations
such as fuselage stations.
Fuselage station value indicates a location value of inches from the datum of
the aircraft.
Measurement is taken from nose or zero station or A point chosen by
manufacturer.
Fuselage stations (FS), Wing stations (WS), Stabilizer Stations (SS).
Measurement taken from centerline / zero station / ground level of aircraft.
LOCATION IDENTIFICATION
WATERLINE :
Vertical locations on an airplane are made in reference to the waterline.
LOCATION IDENTIFICATION
BUTT LINES:
locations left and right of
aircrafts longitudinal axis
Locations made by reference to
buttock line / butt stations.
Left Buttock Line (LBL) and
Right Butt Line (RBL).
METHODS OF ILLUSTRATION
DRAWINGS:
Orthographic Projection Drawings
Detail View
Pictorial Drawings
Perspective Drawings..
Isometric Drawings
Oblique Drawings
Exploded View Drawings
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
DRAWINGS
six possible views of an object.
front, top, bottom, rear, right side, and left
side.
One-, two-, and three-view drawings.
ONE VIEW DRAWINGS:
One-view drawings : commonly used for
objects of uniform thickness such as
gaskets, shims, and plates.
used for cylindrical, spherical, or square
parts if all dimensions shown in one
view.
TWO VIEW DRAWINGS:
When space is limited and two views
must be shown,
symmetrical objects are often
represented by half views.
DETAIL VIEW
shows only a part of object but in greater
detail.
shows to a larger scale than the principal
view.
parts shown in detail on drawing is
encircled by a heavy line on principal view.
PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
is similar to a photograph.
shows an object as it appears to the eye.
useful in showing general appearance of an object
used extensively with orthographic projection drawings.
used in maintenance, overhaul, and part numbers.
Three types of pictorial drawings are used
1. Perspective,
2. Isometric,
3. Oblique,
4. Exploded View drawings.
PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
Perspective Drawings:
shows an object as it appears to an observer.
Resembles an object as in a photograph.
lines of an object are not parallel
actual angles and dimensions are not accurate.
Isometric Drawings:
uses a combination of views of an orthographic
projection
Tilts the object forward so that portions of all three views
can be seen in one view.
provides the observer with a three-dimensional view of
the object.
lines in an isometric drawing are parallel
dimensioned as they are in an orthographic projection.
PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
Oblique Drawings
similar to an isometric view.
except for one distinct difference.
Two of three drawing axes are always at
right angles to each other.
DIAGRAMS
a graphic representation of an assembly /
system
indicates various parts and expresses
methods or principles of operation.
Four Types of diagrams
1. installation,
2. schematic,
3. block,
4. wiring diagrams.
INSTALLATION DRAWINGS
a diagram of installation of the flight
components of an aircraft.
Identifies each of the components in the
systems and shows their location in the
aircraft.
used extensively in aircraft maintenance
and repair manuals,
Are invaluable in identifying and locating
components and understanding the
operation of various systems.
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS
do not indicate the location of
individual components in the aircraft,
Used to locate components with respect
to each other within the system.
used mainly in troubleshooting.
each line is coded for ease of reading
and tracing the flow.
Each component is identified by name,
and its location within the system
Line notes indicate in and out flow of
the unit.
used extensively in aircraft manuals.
BLOCK DIAGRAMS
used to show a simplified relationship of a
more complex system of components.
Individual components are drawn as a
rectangle (block) with lines connecting it to
other components (blocks) that it interfaces
with during operation.
WIRING DIAGRAMS
shows electrical wiring and circuitry,
coded for identification, of all the electrical
appliances and devices used on aircraft.
Complicated structure.
Thorough knowledge of wiring and electrical
schematics is essential.
FLOWCHARTS
used to illustrate a particular sequence, or flow of events.
Types are
Troubleshooting Flowchart:
used for detection of faulty components.
consist of a series of yes or no questions.
If yes, one course of action is followed.
If no, a different course of action is followed.
a logical solution to a particular problem may be achieved.
Logic Flowchart
analysis of digitally controlled components and systems.
uses standardized symbols to indicate specific types of logic gates
relationship to other digital devices in a system.
consist of individual components that take an input
and provide an output.
By analyzing inputs, it is possible to determine digital output.
DRAWING SYMBOLS
represent shape and material.
short hands of drawing.
graphically portray characteristics
of a component with a minimal
amount of drawing space.
Types:
Material Symbols
Shape Symbols
Electrical Symbols
INTERPRETING DRAWINGS
read drawing number and description.
check model affected, latest change
letter, the next assembly listed.
read illustrations.
For multi-view drawing,
get a general idea of shape of object
select one view for a more careful
study.
referring back and forth to adjacent
view.
QUESTIONS>?
THANK YOU