PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS

1.

PREDISPOSING FACTORS:
> Family history of DM
> Obesity
> Age > 30 y.o.
> Sex: more common in females
> Race: more common in Asians

2.
3.

impaired cell function & insulin

secretion

PRECIPITATING FACTORS:
> Diet: high-sugar
> Lack of Exercise
> Environment

Peripheral insulin resistance

hepatic glucose production

B cell production (hyperinsulinemia)

Exhaustion of the B cells

insulin demand &
release

lipolysis

insulin secretion d/t

exhaustion ( FBS)

Insuln insufficeincy

utilization of glucose by the cells

Stimulates the satiety
center (polyphagia)

Cellular starvation

gluconegenisi

glycogenolysis

glycogenesis

glucose build-up in
the blood

Digestion &
absorption of glucose

HYPERGLYCEMIA
Glucose production

Impaired cutaneous
sensation, difficulty
with fine movements

CHF

neuropathy

Vascular changes

Hyperosmotic effects

Exchange of gas &

nutrients diminish

Cappilary walls
thicken

Blurred vision,
blindess

Pulomonary
congestion

Pooling of secretions,
cough

Nosocomial infection
(PCAP)

Impairs work of
leukocytes

Body turns glucose to

fat & CHON

Glucose lost in urine

UO, polypsia

Susceptibiility to
infection

Liver converts it to
ketones

Cellular
dehydration

bacterial

Metabolic acidoss
coma

DEATH