TOPIC

DIABETES MELLITIS AND ITS TYPES

TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2
Submitted by
Umama shahab
Submitted to
Prof.Sir ADNAN

Student of PHARM-D1
SECTION B

1
IBADAT INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

IBADAT INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

JAPAN Road Sihala Islamabad

2
 Table of content
1. Introduction
2. History
3. Types
4. Causes
5. Symtoms
6. Preventions
7. Treatment
8. Refrences

INTRODUCTION
DIABETES and Mellitis are derived from Greek.

3
Diabetes denotes a passes through Siphom whereas the Mellitis denote
saveef. It is thought that the Greeks named it so due to the excessive
amounts of urine produced by diabetics attracted flies and bees.

DIABETES MELLITUS IS a group of metabolic diseases characterized by

hyperglycemia resulting from defects of insuline secretions and or
increased cellular resistantnce to insulin.

Insulin deficiency in turn leads to chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances

of carbohydrate, fats and protein metabolism.

HISTORY
In 17 century THOMAS WILLS added the term mellitus to describe the
extremely sweet taste of urine

In 19 century OSKAR MINKOWSKI and Josph von mering recognized that

diabetes is a disease of pancreas.

In 19 century CLAUDE BERNARD and the discovery of the glycogenic action of liver.

In 20 century FREDERICK BANTING , CHAERLES best and JOHN MACLEOD the

discovery of insulin.

IN 2nd century AD, ARETAEUS of Cappadocia provided the first accurate

discriptions of diabetes.

4
 TYPES
TYPE 1:
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ; juvenile- onset diabetes.

Auto immune-mediated mechanism with genetic predispositins.

Destruction of beta cell resulting in absolute insulin deficiency and abnormal

glucose control.

Signs and symtoms: Polyuria, polydipsia,polyphagia,weight loss ,

fatigue,blurred vision.

Treatment: Medical nutrition therapy and physical activity approved by

physician.

Insulin monotherapy,oral antibiodebitics drug.

Age of occurance: <30 Years Usaually childhood or adolescence.

TYPE 2 :
Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus,adult unset diabetes.

Genetic and environmental (e.g family history,ethniclty,obesity,orinactivity.)

Increasing resistance of tissue to insulin,impaired insulin secreation resulting

inrelative deficiency of insulin,incrased hepatic glucose productions.

CAUSES: Polyuria,polydipsia,polyphagia,obesity,fatigue,blurred vision.

5
TREATMENT:

Essential adjunct to oral antidiabetic therapy may be sufficient as

6
 CAUSES
 Hyperglcidsycemia
 Elevated free fatty acids

Insulin resistance

Increase NO INactivation

Oxidative stress

Reduce NO production

Induce NO release

Symtoms
Headache

Dizzinees

Frequent urination

Fatigue

Prevention
Healthy diet

Weight control

Break bad habbit

Exercise

Treatment

7
Diabetes medicine

Diagnostic

Blood sugar control

Insulin therpy

Blood sugar monitering

Insulin pills

Reference
google

8
n

9
10
mono therapy to control glucose production.

11