Statics

63

Using the concurrent point C as the origin, a force diagram

(Figure 2.49) of the forces at point C is drawn.
We found in Section 2.2 that by resolving each force (for a
series of concurrent forces) into the primary x and y components, we can algebraically determine the resultant Rx
and Ry for the system. To justify a condition of equilibrium in a coplanar (two-dimensional), concurrent force
system, two equations of equilibrium are required:
Rx = Fx = 0
Ry = Fy = 0
These two conditions must be satisfied before equilibrium
is established. No translation in either the x or y direction
is permitted.

Figure 2.49 Force diagram of concurrent

point C.

Equilibrium of collinear and coplanarconcurrent force

systems are discussed later, in Chapter 3, under the heading Equilibrium of a Particle.

Nonconcurrent, Coplanar Force System

Equilibrium of a rigid body
We will now consider the equilibrium of a rigid body
(a rigid body being assumed as a system consisting of an
infinite number of particles, such as beams, trusses,
columns, etc.) under a force system that consists of forces
as well as couples.
In his notes, Leonardo da Vinci (14521519), as shown on
page 61, Figure 2.43, included not only sketches of innumerable machines and mechanical devices but also many
illustrated theoretical relationships to derive or explain
physical laws. He dealt with the center of gravity, the principle of the inclined plane, and the essence of force. One
part of da Vincis studies included the concept of static
equilibrium, as shown in Figure 2.50.
A rigid body is said to be in equilibrium when the external
forces acting on it form a system of forces equivalent to
zero. Failure to provide equilibrium for a system may result in disastrous consequences, as shown in Figure 2.51.
Mathematically, it may be stated as
Fx = 0
Fy = 0
Mi = 0

where i = any point on the rigid body

Figure 2.50 Studies of static equilibrium

by Leonardo da Vinci.