DOXUANHUNG

Gi^o vign chuy^n luy^n thi DH-CD H6a

if

o/UH'V'Aijy <'k#

Pharyldng&

phuangphap giai

(HuMtta 4,
PHAN DANG VA PHLfCJNG PHAP GIAI HOA HQC 11 H Q U C d
D6 X U A N H U N G

D A I C I / C J N G V E H 6 A H p C HtfU CCJ

A. TOM TAT Lf THUY^T

I . M d D A U V E H b A HOC H i r U C ( ] f V A H 0 P CHAT H0UCCf

Chju trach nhi^m xu^t ban

1. H^p chaft hffu ccf la hdp chat cua cacbon (trilf CO, CO2, muoi cacbonat xianua,

N G U Y E N T H I T H A N H Hl/OfNG
Bientap

cacbua,...)

2. PhSn loaii h^p chSt hffu ccf

: HAI AU

Hidrocacbon

Tnnhbay

: C6ng ty K H A N G

Bia

: C6ng ty K H A N G VlfeX

'

Hidrocacbon

Hidrocacbon

no

khOng no

Hidrocacbon
thorn

Din

Ancol

Andehit

Amin

Axit

HOP

xuS't

Phenol

Xeton

nitro

Este

chat

halogen

Ete

chile,

b) Ten h^ thong (lUPAC)

'

' ' : i , ' 1 ^ ' / ^ ( r y i

Ten goc chiJc = Ten phan goc + T6n phan dinh chiJc

Email: tonghop@nxbhcm.com.vn

Ten thay the = Ten phan thay the + Ten mach C chinh + Ten phan dinh chffc

Website: www.nxbhcm.com.vn/ www.fiditour.com

II. PHAN T I C H NGUYEN TO

1. Ph3n tichdjnh tinh

hanh

CO2

* Xac dinh H : Dot chdy chat hihi cd

H2O

TNHH MTV

''^
*

r D j a c h f : 71 Dinh TiSn Ho^ng - P.Da Kao - Q.I M P . H C M

D i i n thoai: 08. 39115694 - 39105797-39111969 - 39111968
Fax: 08. 3911 0880

^ * (NH,)2S04 + 2NaOH

Xac dinh halogen : CxHyO,N,

mc=12.-i4^(g)
44

'

Dja chl: 7 1 , Kha V^n CSn, P.HiOp Binh Ch^nh, Q.Thii Dufc, Tp.HCM.

-H = 2 . i ^ ( g )

>Na2S04 + 2NH3t + 2H2O

> CO2 + H2O + HCl

> A g C l i + HNO3

= i^.100%
=> %H=-2^.100%

So DKKHXB: 1482-12/CXB/12-181/THTPHCM ngSy 06/12/2012.

Quy^t djnh xuat bkn s6: 1815/QD-THTPHCM-2012 do NXB

Tong h(?p

CUSO4.5H2O

(NH4)2S04 + . j V - v!* ? n . f

2. PhSn tich djnh Irf^ng (A la chat hffu cd c6 HIA)

In l l n tha 1. So la<?ng 2.000 cuon, kho 16x24cm.

nOp lUU chi^u quy' I nanri 2013.

^CuS04khan^

(xanh)

HCl + AgNOj

Website: www.nhasachkhangvlet.vn

CaCOjl

Xic dinh nitd : C^HyCN,

*

Email: khangvietbookstoreyahoo.com.vn

f''''"/''-;'

Xdc dinh C : Dot chdy chat hSu cd

D|CH vg VAN H6A KHANG VI|T

In xong

tap

a) Ten thong thiidng (nguon goc flm ra chat) ^ ' - ' ' - ^ M s g * a v * f

Fax: 84.8.38222726

Thanh p h ^ H 6 Chi Minh cS'p ng^y 28/12/2012.

Din xuS't cua hidrocacbon

3. Danh phap h^p chS't hffu cd

D T : 38225340 - 38296764 - 38247225

T?i: Cong ty T N H H MTV in ^n M A I T H j N H DLfC

polime

62 N g u y i n Thj Minh Khai, Q . l

C 6 N G TY

NHA SACH T 6 N G H0P

phdt

VI$:T

NHA XUAT BAN T(5NG HOP TP. H6 CHf MINH

Tong

^ 9!^: : J^'l

Hop cha't hQu CO

Sufa ban in : H 6 N G H A I

J,,

=>%N=i^.lOO%
niA

1:4 ; ?

vi ,

Phan djing \ik phuong ph^p g'Ai H6a hpc 11 HJu co - B8 Xuan Hung
=> mo = niA - (mc + m H + IHN)
hay

% 0 = 100%

- (%C + %H

%N)

I I I . C O N G T H L T C P H A N TlT HOP

V. P H A N 0NG H O U C O

^; ,
'^'iMj^J

C H A T H 0 U COf

1. C 6 n g thtfc defn g i a n nhS't

!Y i tMi

C 6 n g thu-c p h a n tuT ( C T P T ) : CxHyO,Ni

C o n g thu-c d d n g i a n n h a t ( C T D G N ) : (CpH,OrN,)
*

niQ

^
hay

16

%C
12

%H

Cach thiet lap :

X d c d i n h k h o i luWng m o l p h a n tuT:

D i f a v a c % k h o i lu'dng cac n g u y e n t o :

CxHyO,

y
16z
M
=- ^ =
=
=> x , y , z
%C
%H % 0 100%

,
Dura v a o c o n g thiJc d d n g i a n n h a ' t :

%0
16

M A = Me.dA/B

'

hoac

"A

3. P h a n u r n g t a c h :

C H 3 - C H 2 - O H - S ^ ^ CH2=CH2 + H2O

^
12p + q + 16r

"002

"':i'f<(T}iD

"H2O

> C2\I^BT2

'
H
1

Phan iJng thifdng xay ra cham.

\'t } -\{^

Phan iJng thudng sinh ra hon hdp san pham.

An

'.^^

B. PHAN LOAI V A PH JCJNG PHAP G I A I C A C D A N G BAI TAP

(Vm

fihan

<Jjhaii

(Vi&

ling^hau

loai

fditut

eMiq. Ihiie

J;

i^'0:^
,/>a
F .

c^ririO'-vH^^-TH;}

,HI4..-,H;:HHD-;.ii:):-,-i-''

itiig. hitii eet

'

eaii tim, ctmtg^ phdn^

ddtig^ dqttQ^ ede

ehdt
i?

BAI TAP M A U VA BAI TAP N A N G CAO

i^i^Y j j.
.....

:J

Dac diem cua phan iJng h6a hpc trong hoa hoc hffu cd :

i^itiiH '

B a i 1. V i e t phifdng trinh hoa hoc ciia cac phan iJng xay ra theo sd do sau f.^
CH^CH

CH2=CH2

CH3-CH2-OH

CH3CH2-Br

Qj | j

-H -

^ x C O ^ + ^ H ^ O

'

Trong cac phan iJng tren, phan iJng nao thupc loai phan tfng the, phan iJng cong,
phaniJngtdch?

p f f ' '1 '*

^x,y;tirMAtinhdirdcz.

T a c d t i i e : = =
t
" A
"002

C2H4 + Br2

'I

T i n h t n i c t i e p t h e o kho'i Itfdng san p h a m do't c h d y :

CxHA +

2. P h a n uTng cOng:

' '

M =^n=

y
z
x + - - - 02
4
2

M A = 29.dA/kk

12x

CH4 + C I 2 C H 3 C I + H C l

,|

,
= p: d:r

Tacdtil?:

C,HyO, = (CpH,0,) =

"^ n:!ir::.xM\i

/ ^ ^ j , ; ' . - . is/Vi'

> x C + y H + zO

v,!^

so,..^^.,^
x:y:z=

2. C d n g t h t f c p h a n tuT ( C T P T ) ^

( n = 1,2, 3,...)

C a c h t h i e t l a p : T i m t i 1$ (C,HyO,)
mr
mH
x:y:z=^:^:^
12
1

* t ,vN ' (

HO -

1. P h a n tfng the":

^'-'^^^^^'^
i

2n,,20

IV. C A U T R U C P H A N Tlf HOP C H A T H 0 U C O

,,,, ^^^^^^

^.^^

Giai
'

(1) C H ^ C H + H2

^'^''^^^^^) CH2=CH2: phan iJng cpng

(2) CH2=CH2 + H2O

i i i *

""'^> C H 3 - C H 2 - O H : phan iJng cpng

1. C 6 n g thitc cfiu tao

js

(3) C H 3 - C H 2 - O H + H B r

C o n g thiJc c a u tao k h a i t r i e n

;| .>fiX

(4) 3CH=CH

C o n g thiJc ca'u tao t h u g o n

? ..Mrtr;

CH3-CH2-Br + H2O : phdn tfng thg*

(Q)

^^^)

1,,,

'

'

: phan u-ng cpng

2. D d n g d a n g
N h f f n g h d p c h a t c 6 t h a n h p h a n p h a n tuT hdn k ^ m n h a u mpt hay n h i e u nhom CH2
nhiftig c 6 t i n h chat h o a hpc t i i d n g tif n h a u .
3. D 6 n g p h a n

.,.,.:, ,;., ,

. , . j ,

"V''';^;!

'

'

biet chat nao c 6 nhieu dong phan hdn ?

j^w'^^

NhiJng h d p chat khdc nhau n h u ^ g c6 cClng c 6 n g thiJc p h a n t i l .

Gidi
iti

4. L i d n kd't t r o n g p h a n tuT hflTp chS't hflu ccf

L i e n k e t d d n , l i e n k e t doi va h e n ket ba.

B a i 2 . Co ba chat hCu cd c6 cong thiJc Ian liTdt la : C4Hii)0, C4H9CI, C4H11N, Cho

,4^

'*

JifJ^K hn-

C4H|()0

., ' J ,

'(.,,

. -

,M

>';

^-.;j;y--.

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH

CH3-CH2-CH2-O-CH3

CH3-CH2-CH-CH3

CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3

Phan djing va phUdng ph^p giai H6a hpc 11 HOu cO - D5 XuSn HiJng

OH
CH3-CH-CH2-OH

CH3-CH-O-CH3 ;

CH3
C4H9CI:

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CI

CH3-CH2-CH-CH3

Bai

..:Jt

CH3-C-CH3

5. Cho 6 hdp cha't hi?u cd ddn chiJc, mach hcl cd cung cong thiJc phan tuT 1^
C4HXO2. Viet cdc cong thiJc ca'u tao thu gpn cua cdc chat dd.

CH3

CH3

^ ,

CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH

,:u

;.

CH3-CH2-CH2-NH-CH3

CH3-CH2-CH-NH2

CH3-CH2-NH-CH2-CH3

6. Cac phan

uTng

e) CH2=CH2 + H2O

'

C H 3 - C H 2 - N - C H 3 ,m--m
I
"
CH3
roi den C 4 H , 0 ,

^-i^-^-. f i C t e l t )
1
(iij

Bai

'

CH3-CH2-OH f) CfiHft + Brj

> 4 C + lOHF

+ H20

CfiHsBr + HBr

h) CH3OH + HCl

CH3CI + H2O

a) Phan iJng the

b) Phan iJng c p n g

c) Phan tfng tach ^'

d) Phan iJng tach

e) Phan iJng c p n g

f)

g) Phan

h) Phan u-ng the.

ifng

tach

Phan iJng t h e

'

7. Dtfa vao t i n h chat hoa hoc cua CH2=CH2 v a CH^CH (da h o c d Idp 9). Hay
Br2, H2 va cho biet nhufng nhdm nguyen tuT nao trong phan tuf cua hai h d p cha't
tren da gay nen cac phan u'ng dd.

C, H , O). Chaft nao thupc loai hidrocacbon, cha't nao thuQC loai dan xuat cua
'

C4H,oO

Viet phiTdng trinh hoa hoc khi cho CH3-CH=CH-CH3 va C H 3 - C ^ - C H 3 lac dung vdi

C4HyCl.

3. Cho ba hdp chat : A (cau tao tit C, H); B (cau tao tuf C, H, N); C (cau tao tit
hidrocacbon.

b) C4HX + H2O

mhh,'\'vt;^5"*

CH3-CH-NH-CH3

Vay chat cd nhieu dong p h a n nhat Ik CiH^N

Bai

^'ihiyii, 'I'l-iM

C2H5CI + HCl

) C2H4 + H C l d) 2 C 2 H 5 0 H ^ ^ C 2 H 5 0 C 2 H 5

g) C4HH, + 5F2
,'',:v'A,; tvifi^i^; nvA

'.HDsHD v';^;

HCOO-CH-CH3.

sau day thuOc l o a i phan iJng nho ? (phan iJng the, phan iJng

c) CzHsCl

uhi^t^ya:f"

CH

CH3-C-CH3^"'
I
CH3

CH3-CH2-COOCH3

cong, phan iJng tach) ?

CH
Bai

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2

CH3-CH-CH2-NH2

CH3-CH-COOH

CH3-CH-CH2-CI

, ,

CH3

a) C2H6 + CI2 ^

CH3-COO-CH2-CH3 ;

ir
HCOO-CH2-CH2-CH3

CH3-C-CH3

. ,

CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + Br2

,..,:( ;

> C H 3 - C H - C H - C H 3 -mwaot/rh sn6:; ?iv (.

^;,H"^ '

Br

Br

A la hidrocacbon \\ chi cSu tao gom hai nguyen to C. H .

B va C la dan xuat cua hidrocacbon v i ngoai hai nguyen to C, H cdc hcJp chat B,

CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + H2

C con chiJa cdc nguyen to khac (N va O).

=> Nhdm nguyen tuf gay nen phan iJng : - C = C .

'hi:

,'

'

1;,) j i l

a) Trong cac hdp chaft sau. hc(p chat n^o la hffu c d , hcJp cha't nao la v 6 c d CH4,
CHCI3. C2H7N, H C N , CHjCOONa, C,2H220|,, f C2H3Cl}-, AI4C3.

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

Br
*

. r i . V H , ? 5ni;.,.> ; y.>t3ffi.;*):.!

0;| ^0ktxi-nUym''

Br

CH3-CHC-CH3 + 2Br2 > C H 3 - C C - C H 3

''

....,:...; ,

|..^.l^:,

b) Chat nao sau day la hidrocacbon ? la dan xuat cua hidrocacbon : CH2O, C2H5Br,
CH2O2, CfiHsBr, CfiHfi, CH3COOH.

CH3-C^C-CH3 + 2H2
Gidi

a) H d p c h a t h i ? u c d : C H 4 , C H C l 3 , C 2 H 7 N . C H 3 C O O N a , C , 2 H 2 2 0 , i , { C 2 H 3 C l } .
Hdp chat v 6 c d : H C N , AI4C3.
b) Hidrocacbon: CfiHfi.
Dan xua't cua hidrocacbon : CH2O, C2H5Br, CH2O2, CfiHjBr, CH3COOH.

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

=> Nhdm nguyen tuT gay nen phan uTng 1^ : - C = C - .

*
'
frt')

Bai

8. Viet phufdng trinh hda hoc cua cdc phan iJng xay ra trong cac triTdng hdp sau
va cho biet cac phan u'ng dd thuQC loai phdn uTng n^o (phan vJng the, phan uTng
cpng, phan u'ng tach).

Phan dgng vji phuong phap giSi H6a hgc 11 HDu co - D8 XuSn Hung

a) Etilen tac dung vdi hidro c6 N i lam xuc tdc va dun n6ng.
b) Dun n6ng axetilen d 600"C vdi bgt than lam xuc tac thu diTdc benzen.

i f . . i J

;^W;> ;

ii

c) Dung dich ancol etylic d ^ lau ngoSi khong khi chuy^n thanh dung dich axit
axetic (giam an). t i >

CH5N

/ :i0-.-,^K;; ,

b)

CH3-CH3 (phan iJng cOng)

600 C

^^"^ > CH3COOH + H2O ^ phan ifng oxi h6a

r); .^ <.':

,.

ddng phan cua nhau ?

CH,

CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

CH3-CH2-O-CH3

(7)

CH2CI-CH2-CH3

va) C H 3 - C H 2 - C H 2 - C H 2 - O H ( 9 )
: H ' : ) fjv

Gidi

^.rf

C d c chaft dong phan c u a nhau : ( 2 ) v a ( 8 ) ; ( 4 )

(7), (3)

Anr^iiJ'

]ifh

f , . ' I I }H

(5).

ijik

I'-'iy--

'^".i-r.,

Gidi

If/

C T electron
H

CH3CI

H:C:C1

"

CTCT
...

"

'

H-c-ci

,
^-v:'^5'-

/-^'ii^gj-..4; H::)---?:HD +
H
CH4O

H:CJO:H
H

H - C - O - H

hoSc

diTdi day, nhCTng chat nao la dong phan cua nhau ? Nhffng chat nao la dong d i n g

H a y vie't cong thufc cau tao khai trien v a cong thiJc cau tao thu gon nhat cula c a c

CTPT

CH3CN
=N

B a i 11. Dong phan la gi ? The nao la nhffng chat dong d i n g ? Trong so nhuTng chat

. <h.

hdp chat sau : C3H6, C H 3 C H O , CH3COOC2H5, C H 3 C N , biet r i n g trong phan tiJf

a)

H-C-C=N

CH3CN

C H 3 C I , C H 4 O , C H 2 O , CH5N.

"^'H^;-^''

1 1

/ Iq i H u

a) H a y viet cong thufc electron v a cong thiJc c a u tao c ^ c phan tuT sau : > ~ . , r ) i }f'3 , *

: ' ' r f !"'v

0-C-C-H

'

c u a chiing d i u c6 lien ket bpi.

B a i 10.

b)

hoac

411 X

I', /

f ; C i c chat la dong d i n g : ( 1 ) v a ( 6 ) ; ( 4 ) v a ( 9 ) . rt' rirt 4 t\i& '^'cf

*

CH3COOC2H5

(6)ii'i(t)

J ' I ' d I i.i'i

fi'0--i

CH3COOCH2-CH3

H-c-c

(4)

>1 (3
(5)

\M ^m)hWfm--\0-

CH3-CH=CH2

hoac

H-C-C

(Ui + j K ' ( 2 ) : } VJ {.7

^IM;;; + QI-.^

CH3-CHO

? /

CH3CHO
CH3-CH-CH3

(1)

hoac

AAA

khong hoan toan.

ill

CH,

CH3-CH=CH2

H-C-C=C-H

C3H6

C T C T thu gon nhat

B a i 9 . Cho cac chat sau, nhffng chat nao la dong d i n g cua nhau ? NhCng cha't nao la

CH.

c) C2H5OH + 02(kk)

CH3-CH3

C T C T khai trien

CTPT

b)

^ ^ (CfiHfi) [ Q ] (phan iJng cpng)

3CH=CH

,, ,

,li::).:.:H':;).-..H':) i : X ) ' '

1 H-(j:-N-H

H:C:N:H
H

' a) CH2=CH2 + H2

H-C=0

H:C::0:

CH20

'^f '

' '

cua nhau ?

CH3
a) C H 3 - C H 2 - C H = C H 2

b) C H 3 - C H = C H 2

c) I

^ I ^

CH2 CH2
..i,..J^'p

'f':''f(\f

.'/"iiV;'

lyi- V / y . i

'

d) C=CH2.
CH,

^han dang

phuong phiip giai H6a hgc 11 HOu co - D8 Xufln Ht/ng

)) V i e l c o n g thu'c ca'u t a o c 6 t h e c d c u a c a c d o n g d a n g c u a a n c o l e t y l i c c d c o n g
thu'c p h a n tuT C s H x O v a C4H|0.

I) *

C2H6O:

CH3-CH2-OH

C3H6O:

CH3-CH2-CHO;

CH3-O-CH3
CH2=CH-CH2-OH;

CH2=CH-0-CH3;

KHAJgG VIET
Bai 13. NhCng cha't nao sau day la dong d i n g cua nhau, dong phan cua nhau ?
a) C H 3 - C H = C H - C H 3

b) C H 2 = C H - C H 2 - C H 3

c) C H 3 - C H 2 - C H 2 - C H 2 - C H 3

d) C H 2 = C H - C H 3

e) C H 3 - C H = C H - C H 2 - C H 3

g)

CHg = C H - C H - C H 3

OH
!

CH3-C-CH3 ;

C4H,,,:

CH

^ \

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 ;

P"2-CH2

I ., . ,
*

h) C H 3 - C H 2 - C H 2 - C H 2 - C H 2 - C H 3

CH3-CH-CH3

IB.'IV

Gidi

M
*

C2H4O2:

hay

hay

^,
*

H
H

CI

CHg - C H O

^>|ri;

i;^

CjHsO :

b)

*C2H,:

hay

CHiCHCl:

^..

C4H,oO;

1,

ir

CH2CI-CH2CI.

V , ,

"

.'

*CHCl3:

"

' ,
V

CI
*C2H50H:
\

H..iii|C-C-*H
\
H
OH

: Hut

2.

(Xide (tiiih

it/ ed mat

,,
lu/mjeu

i ) -f;>i.-vJ.(}v--

.'4\

fgfi etniff thiie ittfii qlun

.

, ,

^ BAI

TAP

,,, r

MAU

'<

ta, thanh

jli^f,!)

ym

C.

iihal
VA

.
BAI TAP

plidit
IJ,Ofni

W r

ede iitfiiifjeii to'

r;iV),(J -~ -

,,),,., ,,,,,v,y,) . > . 4 , j

NANG

trmtq

j.^j;,^;^

CAO

Bai 1. Oxi h6a ho^n toan 0,6g hdp chat hi?u cd A thu duTdc 0,672 lit CO2 (dktc) v j

CH3-CH2-CH2OH ;

CH^-CH-CHg

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2OH

0,72g H2O. Tinh thanh phan % khoi liTdng cua cac nguyen to trong phan tuf cha't A.

Gidi

CH,-CH,-CH-CH
3 v^xa2
^~^'^'-3
OH

OH
CHg - C - C H 3 ;

Gidi

H
H
\ .
H'HilICC-*H
r,
V
\1 t : : . i t h , < / H
H

chut hffll etf

hay

in
*

c v a i . ^-

iftrfj
Dcuia

H H

.) *

CH3OH

a)

. i j, 1

. .

iA''VA;(THi,v.H-C-C-H
I
I
CI CI

".. , .',

HO^

i . i a i i ! K u H f i i d q s n o b i i i uVifi } b j j r f M f i

C2H4CI2: H - C - C - C I
H

e va g;

14.

HCOOCH3

hay
H

.,

b) H a y v i e t c o n g thiJc p h o i c a n h cua C2H6 (etan) va C2H5OH ( e t a n o l ) .

.&i

H-O-C-C

5fs|.;y'|a)(jl sS wi?

CH3COOH

^0-H

, H-^-O-C-H

a va b ;

h.

a) H a y vie't c o n g thu'c p h o i c a n h cua C H 3 O H ( m e t a n o l ) va ciia C H C I 3 ( c i o r o f o m ) .

H-C-C
H

Cac chat la d o n g p h a n cua nhau :

Bai

O
*

Cac cha't la d o n g d a n g cua nhau :

d, a va e ; d , a v a g ; d , b va e ; d , b va g ; i va h ; e

H-c-ci

Si I'lfU.

i ) C H 3 - C H 2 - C_ nH- iC^ H
n .3
o ..
I

CH,

CH2CI2:

-)

CH3

Khoi lifdng cac nguyen to :

viul^h^

m c = 1 2 . n e o , ^ 1 2 . ^ = 0.36(g)^

'

'AO. *
CH3 - C H - C H 2 O H .

mH = 2 . n H , o = 2 . ^ = 0,08(g)

"

"i'^

=> m o = 0,6 - (0,36 + 0,08) = 0,16 (g)

njo! r , -

Phan d?ng va phudng ph^p giSi H6a hpc 11 HQu co - D8 XuSn Hung

Gidi

Thanh phan % khoi lifdng cic nguyen 16' trong A : d, i jy.

% C = ^ x l O O % = 60%
%H=
0,6

Khoi lifdng binh chiJaH2S04 tang them 1,8Img chinh la mH20=>mH20 =1.81mj

Khoi liTdng binh chiJa K O H tang them 10,56mg chinh la m c o , => "^C02

jriH./,
:>

0.6

^rNw

- f i r Ji'''J"

;if^;r.^:jf:>....ft,-:.,

100% = 13,33% ^ % 0 = 26,67%. >- i H ^ * ^ >^

'

Bai 2. Tinh khoi lifdng mol phSn tuf cua cdc chat sau :

jj,;.,

^0,56 mi

Khoi lifdng cac nguyen to :

^^

,,,,,

a) Chat A c5 t i khoi hdi so vdi khong khi bkng 2,07.

b) The tich hdi cua 3,3g chat X b^ng the tich cua l,76g khi oxi (do cf ciang dieu k i f n

1,81
mH = 2 . ^ = 0,2 (mg)
18

10,56
1 2 . ^ ^ ^ = 2,88(mg);
44
0 55 4 92

mc=

.I

= 2 8 . ^ x - i = 0,55(mg) > '> mmiiy. j : } . , H p : A n r v

mN(4,92.g)

ve nhiet do, ap sua't).

Gidi
a) dA/kk = ^

= 2,07 ^

'^''''^

M A = 29.2.07 = 60 (dvC).

'^''''^

^g^,, . ^ . ^

=> Thanh
2,88phan % khoi lifdng
^ x l O O % = 58.54%
4,92

%H =
b) Ta c6: no2 = ^ ^ = 0,055 mol => nA =
32

= 0,055 m o l = > M A =

=
0,055

60 (g/mol).

dtrng C a C l 2 khan va binh dUng NaOH, thay binh diTng CaCla tSng them 0,194g,

x 100% = 4.065%

4.92

%N = ^

Bai 3. Dot chay hoan toan 0,282g hdp chat hiJu cd A, san pham sinh ra cho qua binh

X 100% = 11,18%

- ^ ^ ' ^ - ' ^ ^ o ^ ' ' ^ ^ ' '^^^

r:> % 0 = 100% - %C - % H - % N = 26.215%.

binh dufng NaOH tSng them 0,8g. Mat khac dot chay liTdng chat A tren thu difdc

Bai 5. Hai chat hffu cd A va B ciing chtJa cac nguyen to C, H , O. K h i dot chay moi

22,4ml khi nitd (dktc). Xac dinh thanh phan % khoi liTdng cac nguyen to trong A.

chat deu phai dung mOt lifdng oxi b^ng 8 Ian lifdng o x i c6 trong moi chat va thu

Gidi

difdc lifdng khi CO2 va H2O theo t i le khoi lifdng CO2 so vdi khoi lifdng nuTdc =

" Cho san pham chay qua binh dtfng CaCb : mi = 0,194g =>mH20 =0'194g
= Qua binh dirng N a O H :

0.2

. Xac dinh cong thiJc ddn gian nhat cua m o i chat ? ' ' '

'''

= o,22(g);

44
0 0224
"Nz =

'" -

' .V
= 0.001 (mol)

.^-Wi^

= 0,02 (g)
18

. ^ . J'
1.
mw = 0,001 x 28 = 0,028 (g) .

Thanh p h i n % k h ^ i liWng cac nguydn ttf f *

% C = - ^ ^ x 100% = 7 8 , 0 1 % ;
^..-^'f^ 0,282
- * v . > M ; - i i .
i ^ x 100% = 9,93%
0,282

CUM '

Theo dieu ki?n de bai thi A, B la hai chat dong phan cua nhau.
mH = 2. ^

Dat C T T Q cua A, B la CxHyO^. . i

t
|

"**'*^

% H = - ^ ^ x 100% = 7,09%
, vi^ u u u
0,282
fu,.// iu;.'>fi
: ^ % 0 = 4,97%.

"

O2

"Mrira?-

mco,

22

^ =

^'.-YV .^'^'^

> XCO2 + - H j O

2
(1)
'IK''-

44x

22
44x 22
.
= <=>
= =>y = 2x
y
9
9y
9

O roi cho san

pham Ian liTdt qua binh chiJa H2SO4 dam dac, binh chiJa K O H thi thay khoi
liTdng binh chiJa H2SO4 dSc tang them 1,8 Img,

y
x + ^^
4

y
z
Theo de : 32 x + - - - = 8 x l 6 z <:>4x + y = 1 8 z
.
4
2)

i x O , | ijiitt

^^"f^^^^^

!ai 4. O x i h6a hoan toan 4,92mg mot hdp chat A chiJa C, H , N

'

,, ,,

, 1 .

Phifdng trinh dot c h a y :

CxHyO, +

%N=

" "

m, = 0,8g=> m c o , = 0.8g

Kho'i lifdng cac nguyen to :

mc=12.M

,...s^fM)ixSk^^^^^

^,^^^,

The y = 2xvao(;i) => x = 3z=> z = -

'

binh chiJa K O H tSng them

10,56mg. d thi nghie m khac, khi nung 6,15mg hdp chat A do v d i CuO thi thu

Tac6til$

x : y : z = 3z:6z:z = 3:6: 1

difdc 0,55ml (dktc) k h i nitd. Hay xdc djnh h^m liTdng phan trSm cua C, H , O va

Vay cong thiJc ddn gian nhat cua hai chat la CsHeO.

' ' '

'

N d hdp chat A.
1

Phan djing va phuong ph^p giai H6a hpc 11 HOu co - Dfi Xuan Hung

B a i 6. Vitamin A (retinol) c6 c6ng thiJc phan tuf C2()H3()0, vitamin C c6 cong thiJc
phan tur la CfiHsOfi.
a) Vie't cong thiJc ddn gian nhat ciia moi chat.

'li,, ,.

b) Tinh t i 1? % ve kho'i li/dng va t i ie % so' nguyen tur cua cac nguyen to d vitamin

PhiTdng trinh dot chay : CxHyO, +

3
T h e o d I : ""^ =
mo
2

A va vitamin C.
Gidi

"

a) Cong thiJc ddn gian nhat cua cdc cha't:

Ta

Vitamin A : C2()H3(,0; Vitamin C : C3H4O3.

,0

' '

7.

Ta c6 t i le
'

% m c = - ^ ^ ^ x 100% =83.92%
286
% m H = x l O O % = 10,49%
286

%mc =

6x12
X

'

^ '

'

'

a) 70,94%C;

6,4%H;

b) 65,92%C;

7,75%H;

6,9%N;

, , ,,

100% = 40,9%
,

% m H = x l 0 0 % = 4,55%=^ %mo = 54,55%. ' ^"

176
* T i 1? so nguyen tuf cdc nguyen to:

i .1'

'

""' ^

'
^.1

lih

"^^'^'
.!| w ' i

% n H = x l O O % =58,82% ^

ii'-.^''.

% n o = 1,96%.*' ' '

+ Vitamin C : C6Hx06 (20 nguyen tijf)

% n c = - - x l 0 0 % =30%
20

:y :z

diTdc CO2 va hdi niTdc theo u' I9 the tich Vco2 :

VHJO

70,94%

6,4%

14

|.i

12

16

14
,

12:13:2:1
;

, ,

5,49:7,75:1,64 = 1 0 : 1 4 : 3

16

khi dot chdy h6't A thu

CO2 sinh ra vao dung dich ni/dc voi trong 0,1M thi difdc 8g ket tua v^ dung dich

= 4 : 3 (cdc the tich do d cung

Y . nho tiep dung dich NaOH v^o dung dich Y thi difdc 3,5g ket tua nffa. Xac

^,

Gidi
Tac6:

Gidi
^

di'

^ ^

5,91:6,4:0,985:0,49=

(TrichTSDHSuphamKythu^tTP.HCM)
^

I.'

15,76%. 6,9%

dinh cong Ihu'c ddn gian nhat cua X .

D$tCTTQcuaA:C,HyO,.,^^,'v.

'

Bki 9. Dot chdy ho^n loan 4,6g mpt hdp chat huTu cd A thu diTdc 3,6g H2O. Dan khi

dieu k i ^ n nhit dp, ip suat). T i m cong thiJc ddn gian nha't cua A .

i^il i o r f ' ' a n f giiW'utkj

'jiinod:?^'^ ni'^q

^ 6 5 ^ . 7 J 5 % ^ 2 M 3 % ^
12

f'

B k i 7. Chat A chiJa C, H . O c6 t i 1$ khoi li/dng mc : mo = 3 : 2

Z^:.-

;o

Vay cong thu-c ddn gian nhat la C10H14O3.

% n H = x l 0 0 % = 4 0 % => %no = 30%.

'..r

% 0 = 100% - 65,92% - 7,75% = 26,33%

rion

Dat C T T Q cua chat hffu cd : CxHyO,. Ta c6 ti 1?

'
- ^.^^^

''

l f : > H : \ t P kvj,;tv|::,.', '

Vay cong Ihu'c ddn gian nhat la C12H13O2N.

irfih-ic^'iT
b) Thanh phan % cOa o x i :
H
, .

' '

Dat C T T Q cua chat hilu cd : C,HyO,N,.

f ;
%C % H % 0 % N
Ta c6 ti 1^ X : y : z : t
=
12
1
16
14

b t

'

% 0 = 100% - 70,94% - 6,4% - 6,9% = 15,76%

+ Vitamin A : C2(iH30 (51 nguyen tuf)

20
% n c = X 100% =39,22%
51

.i-n

con lai la oxi.

.,!,;! X^:,, ,,,, Gidi

a) Thanh phan % cua oxi

'I f

t , ; , c o n lai la oxi.

- ,

( M = 176)

176

B a i 8. Hay thict lap cong thiJc ddn gian nhat tCf cac .so lieu phan tich sau :

=> %mo = 100% - 83,92% - 10,49% = 5,59%.

+ Vitamin C : QHsOfi

! .r^:^^^^'":^ M

Vay cong Ihu'c ddn gian nhat cua A : C2H3O.

^ '

(2)

3
X
x :y :z= x : ^x : ^ = 2 :3 : 1

''''' '
-'*^>;':'-

3x

y =

(1)

b) * T i 1Q % ve khoi liTdng cdc nguyen to :

+ Vitamin A : CajHjdO (M = 286)

JL,^1

''H20

XCO2 + y H j O

2)

=> z =
2

16z

12x
<=>

V,C O 2 _ 4

CO :

y
X +

.fr,,s^^i,r^: ' : - t f

i
;

m H = 2 . = 0,4g
18

C O 2 + Ca(0H)2
0,08 mol

> C a C O j i + H2O
0,08 mol

Phan djing va phudng phip giSi H6a hpc 11 HQu co - D8 Xuan Hifng

> Ca(HC03)2
0,035 mol

2CO2 + C a ( O H ) 2
0,07 mol

^
' '

(DoMig 3.

Ca(HC03)2 + 2NaOH

>

C a C O j i + Na2C03 + 2H2O

0,035mol

'

0,035mol

' '

yi';

S o m o l C 0 2 : nco2 =0>08 + 0,07 =0,15 (mol)

r=>mc= 1 2 x 0 , 1 5 = 1,8 (g)

'

=> mo = 4,6 - 0,4 - 1,8 = 2,4 (g)

=
12

16

.
^
,

. M M ; M=

i,^

12

, ,

<T)ita oda khai liMtiq. hoae % khoi lii&iig. ede nqiujjen t

^i/a

i9dn the tieh (phiMuj

ke)

-v^''

;H''i?i',fl!

;Civ^,ii' / j ;

S'

d i n M T {a

y,C:VOl A f i t ! i p ^ ^ ) ; >,

22,4
:>iA,..,.f= , r | . v . o . H ; : >
Khoi liTdng mol phan tuT A: M = 21 x 2 = 42 => mA = 0,25 x 42 = 10,5 (g)
16,8
Khoi lifdng cac nguyen to': mc = 12. ^ ^ ^ ^ = 9 (g)
j
22,4
,tyr
.35
06/
mH = 2 . - ^ = 1,5 (g)=:> mo = 1 0 , 5 - 9 - 1 , 5 = 0
nl",.i,,
^

1 I'M '

J,

Vay trong A khong CO o x i .

11* 1!
1

Dat CTTQ cua A : CJiy. Ta c6 ti I9 : x : y = : = 0,75:1,5 = 1:2

, i

12 1

mol
,:'S*C,d,^ ,S'dt<ci_, :ki2,

C H 3 C H 2 C H 2 O H + Na

'

Gidi

iah-) ~iSi i i l r f i y \M J

b) Tinh thanh phan % khoi lifdng cua moi chat trong hon hdp.

fthdfi khi nhien

5 g
So mol chat hu-u cd A : n = ^ = 0,25 (mol)

a) Vie't phifdng trinh hoa hoc cua cac phan iJng xay ra.

X mol

i <-

(cac khi do a dktc).

yv

> C2H50Na+-H2

cang, thiie fteiti Qtatt nhdi

va 13,5g, H2O. Xac dinh cong thiJc phan tuT cua A biet t i khoi so v d i hidro la 21

, , v.

va propan-l-ol C H 3 C H 2 C H 2 O H tac dung vdi natri drfthu diTdc 1,12 l i t khi (dktc).

a) C2H50H + Na

ocLO^

Bai 1. Dot chay ho^n toan 5,6 lit chat hiJu cd A d t h i tich k h i thu difdc 16,8 lit CO2

16

Bai 10. K M cho 5,3 gam hon hdp gom etanol C2H5OH

<T)t/a

BAITAPMAU

o,15 : 0,4 : 0,15 = 3 : 8 : 3

Vay cong thtfc ddn gian nhat cua X la CsHgOs. >

^,,ffV

1'

Dat CTTQ cua A la C.HyO,. Ta c6 t i le :

x:y:z

i;

<Afi. eS^ntf, thi'te fthdit tilt :

> CHsCHzCHzONa + ^ H ,
2

Cong thu-c A c6 dang (CH2).

Taco:

14n = 42 ^

,.. . l , ^

n = 3. V $ y CTPT A : C 3 H . .

'^''-^'^^^-^^-^ >

.,,
^

Bai 2. Limonen la mot chat c6 mdi thdm diu difdc tdch tilf tinh dau chanh. Ke't qua
phSn tich nguyen to cho thay limonen diTdc cau tao tiJ hai nguyen to C va H ,
S^molH2:

n H , = - ^ = 0,05 = ^ + y
' Vv:-..viv.c. * 0 ( ) ( . . X ) ^ '
^
22,4
2 2 ^^_,,,,iii,3,jto.tfOr{iiM3Mp^

Ta c6 h? phudng trlnh :

trong do C chiem 88,235% ve khoi lifdng. T i khoi hdi cua limonen so v d i khong

, ,, ^,

khi gan b^ng 4,69. Lap cong thiJc phan tuT cua hmonen.

r^^-i&m 3^,*

% C 2 H 3 0 H = Q ' " ^ ^ ^ ^ 100% = 43.39%

% H = 100% - 88,235% = 11,765%

''"'^^'^

K h o i liTdng mol phan tur: M = 4 , 6 9 x 2 9 = 136

Dat CTTQ cua limonen : CxHy. Ta c(5 t i 1 :
%C % H 88,235% 11,765%

!:>tU^ J l f l n

=>%CH3CH2CH20H = 56,61%."""

Thanh phan % kh6i li/dng nguyen to hidro :

i b i i J(? M

a.!,wsFi

ft?..,,

^ .,. .fltfc^

'

Gidi

- + ^ = 0,05
fx = 0,05 (mol)
. s ; y . K
2 2
=> <
"
<cn
C O
y = 0,05 (mol)
46x + 60y = 5,3
.t,*
veV

b) Thanh phan % khoi lOdng m o i chat:

12

" ^

,,
.

,
'^'^'''^^'^^'^'''^^'^^^^

= 7,353 : 11,765 = 5 : 8
.

t.;.,,iV

-:7-.,S'*jim'V;-&.rfiT

=> Cong thtfc limonen c6 dang (C5H8). '

Tacd:

.v

(5 x 12 + 8)n = 136=> n = 2

V,t> - '
i

"

V$y CTPT cua limonen m CjpHii.

THLT VIEN TIMH BSNH THUAN

-zr::^" '

"A 9

17

Phan dgng va phuong phap giSi H6a hoc 11 Hau co - P i Xuan Hung

Bai 3. Dot chay 100ml hdi cha't hffu cd A chtfa ba nguyen to C, H , O v d i 450ml O 2

^j^:.2:21 = 0,77:0,77

x:y=

= 1:1

=> C T c d ' d a u ^ H )

la'y dff trong khi nhien ke. Sau phan ffng the tich hon hdp khi va hdi thu difdc
650ml. Sau khi cho hdi nffdc ngffng tu hon hdp chi con 350ml va sau khi cho Igi

Ta c6 :

b) Theo de ta c6 :

tiep qua N a O H chi con 50ml. Xac dinh cong thiJc phan tuf cua A .

Gidi

'

^H20

;-.,.X ,<'):H

Vco2 = 3 5 0 - 5 0 = 300ml

= 2,15 (ja0
18
80
=> m c = 12. = 21,81 (mglr
44

2,24

iT'

'M'

)'"'''''

= 6 5 0 - 3 5 0 = 300ml

Dat C T T Q cua

y - zx +
4

100ml

1'

niN (28,2mg) = 4,24

I,

rt

XCO2 + ^ H j O

O,

2
300ml

(mg)

=> mo = 28,2 - (2,15 + 21,81 + 4,24) = 0

300ml

'

h
lili,

)i

Dat C T T Q : C ^ H y N , . Ta c6 t i 1? :

' '

21,81

x:y:z

2,15

4,24

, ^

^ ,^

; b 0 ',
OS!

:iq utidi ^06:)

= : : = 1,82 : 2,15 : Q B

300
,:;;
y = 6

;-

= 6 : 7 : 1

Vay CTPT chaft hffu cd

4~2
400

100

x + i - - = 4;
4 2

Vay CTPT cua A la CjHfiO. . ,

Jri^ f)^?'

=> CT cd dang (CeBilS^/

V I trong phan tuf chi chffa mgt nguydn tuf nitd =>-m=^U.''' ' "P '^^ "'^^i !

2.300

m C6H7N.

-"5' < ^

Bai 5. Phan tich chat hffu cd X chffa C , H , O ta c6 :

T h e x = 3,y = 6 = > z = 1

mc : mH : mo = 2,24 : 0 , 3 5 7 ^ ^ ' -

Bai 4. Hay thie't lap cong thiJc phan tuf hdp chat hffu cd trong m o i trifclng hdp sau :
a) Dot chdy ho^n toan lO.OOmg hdp chat hCu cd Y sinh ra 33,85mg CO2

6,95mg

H2O. T i khoi hdi cua hdp chat Ad doi v d i khong khi la 2,69.
b) Dot chay hoan toan 28,2mg hdp chat hffu cd Z vk cho cdc san pham sinh ra Ian
Iffdt d i qua cac binh dtfng CaClz khan va K O H dff thi thay binh CaCl2 tSng them

ra 2,24ml khi nitd (dktc). Biet rkng phan tuf chat d6 chi chffa mpt nguyen tijf nitd.

a) L a p cong thffc ddn gian nhat cua X .

' '''''''

J\

K h o i lifdng cac nguyen to :

33,85
= 9,23 (mg)
m c = 12.
44
6,95

^
'

tii

^^^^
;

W '

,
^

l a t ' (1,1 t . i ( j f i 1

,, , V M , H
i .v^

1,2108 lit a 0"Cva 0,25 atm.

'
' i

a) Dat C T T Q c a a X : C x H A . T a c 6 t i l $ :

12 1 16 "

12

=>C6ng thffc ddn giSn nhat cua X : C3H6O2.

b) S ^ m o l X :

If

Kh6i Iffdng m o l cua X :

18

=> mo = 1 0 , 0 - 9,23 - 0,77 = 0=> khong c6 o x i .

D5t C T T Q cua hdp chat h u ceJ: C^Hy. Ta c6 d I9 :

Tacd:

^ ^ 2 7 3
273

Vy cong thffc phan tff cua X la C3H6O2.

Jj

,:,|*^^'

'

"

^^ u /

frf^iwlspft.!
v

, ,

M x = ^ - = 74
0,0135

(3 x 12 + 6 + 2 x 16)n = 74

'

-16.

nx = = ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ^ ' ^ ^ " ^ = 0,0135(mot)

RT

:
>, r

m c . mH . m p _ 2,24 . 0,357 . 2 '

,

'

= 0,77 (mg)

'

'

= 0,187 : 0,375 : 0.125 = 3 : 6 : Z :

a ) K h o - i l f f d n g m o l p h a n t u f : M = 2 , 6 9 x 2 9 = 78

"

b) Xdc dinh cong thffc phSn tff ciia X biet 1 gam J i ^ l a m bay hdi c6 t h ^ t i c h

19,4mg con binh K O H tSng them SOmg. M a t khac, khi dot 18,6mg chat do sinh

mH = 2.

;;a . J

,f

Vay khong c6 nguyen to oxi trong hdp chaft hffi^ccfe

x =3

_L=_y
100

t'i

400ml

1
100

'

A la C x H y O ^ .

C,H0, +

Ta c6:

;,,,, ;,,

=> mH = 2.

= 19,4mg

mco2=80mg
^

=> Vo2(ptf)= 4 5 0 - 5 0 = 400ml

VHJO

,. ,

19 4

''

uir = 50ml

The tIch cic c h a t :

13n = 78 => n = 6. VHy C T P T 1 ^ CfiHfi.

,
< ,
(^.,

=i> n = 1
r'ff) c

! >
19

Phan d?ng va phUdng phAp Q\i\a hgc 11 Hi?u co - D5 XuSn Hung

Bai 6 . TO tinh dau hoi, ngi^di ta tach difdc anetol, mpt chaft thdm du"dc diing de san
xuat keo cao su. Anetol c6 khoi lifdng mol phan tuf bang 148g/mol. Phan tich
nguyen to cho thay anetol c6 %C = 81,08%; % H = 8 , 1 % ; con lai la oxi. Llipcong
thuTc ddn gian nhat va cong thiJc phan tuf cua anetol.
i

Gidi

, , . :

CO

:y :z

12

81,08%
=

16

8 , 1 % 10,82%
:

C,Hy

400cm^

(10 x 12 + 12 + 16)n = 148

=>n=l,^>r

VH, W,rrt''i

-'Kiisn'

H2O
-O2 d i O

QHyO, +

200ml 900ml

1300ml

condt/

con dir

900

Vco^ = 7 0 0 -

Vr

1'

ml
J

VH^O = 1 3 0 0 - 7 0 0 = 6 0 0 m l

Phifdng trinh phan iJng chdy:

QH,0,+

200
=> X = 3;

on

(x4~)02
4

2^

: V.
V 0 2 phan tfng :

Ml i ^

*h nJ^I

z = 1

XCO2 +

= 400+

' , -

^ H2O

= 7 0 0 c m ' M'u

, ,,.

cm'

=>

^CxHy

= 400 - 200 = 200 c m '

Vco2

: VH^Q = 2 0 0 : 7 0 0 : 4 0 0 : 6 0 0 = 2 : 7 : 4 : 6
2CxHy

7O2

-A-

4CO2 +

6H2O

2x = 4

x =2

2y = 6.2'

y =6

=> C T P T c u a A l a : C 2 H 6
Bai 9. Cho 5 c m ' C,Hy d the khi v d i 30 c m ' O2 (lay diT) vao khi nhien ke. Sau khi

XCO2 +

bat tia lufa di^n va lam lanh, trong khi nhien ke con 20 c m ' ma 1 5 c m ' bi hap thu

- H 2 O

bdi dung dich K O H . Phan con l a i bi hap thu bdi photpho. T i m CTPT cua
, 1
Gidi

800
y = 6 va

= 200

! CAM

A p dung dinh luat bao toan nguyen to' C va H ta cd:

hidrocacbon.
^

2^H20

Viet lai phi/dng tnnh phan u-ng:

100 = 8 0 0 ml

100 = 6 0 0

700

f !

->

1
+

O;!!,

Vco2

Difa vao sd do ta tinh difdc:

=900-

Ta cd t i 1?:
C,Hy

Vo^phintfng

400cm

800cm

s!i>
"'fH:;

= 400 - 200 = 200 c m '

100ml

700ml

qsoflq ,i

(x + ^ - - ) 0 2

VojphanJng

=>

O2

N2
02dir

s, . . j

Phi/dng tfinh phan iJng chay: | i

Tacd:
K O H dac

dd KOH

N2

'J ii'ii

V ( 0 2 c 6 n d U + N 2 ) = 400 c m '

dieu ki^n). T i m CTPT cua A.

O2

dir

CO2

= 1400 - 800 = 600 cm^

Tiep theo cho qua dung dich K O H dac chi con 100ml (cac the tich do d cUng

m'kA +

- H2O

Vco, = 800 - 400 = 400 cm^

h6n hdp khi thu di/dc 1^ 1,3 lit. Sau khi cho hdi nifdc ngiftig tu, chi con 700ml.

ngtfngtu . C O 2
O2 dif
- H2O

N2

Dtfa vao sd do ta tinh difdc:

Bai 7. Dot chay 200ml hdi 1 chat Mu cd A chiJa C, H, O trong 900ml O2, the tich

-CO2

ngutig tu

1400cm ^

900cm^

( t j >l 3 K

Sd do phan tich de bai:

H20

^02

\'

V|iy cong thiJc phan tiJf cua anetol la CioHuO.

t"

16

Vay cong thuTc ddn gian nhat cua anetol: Ci()H|20

=> CT CO dang (CioHi20).

+ O? dU

(A)

N2

12

= 6,8 : 8,1 : 0 , 6 8 = 10 : 12 : 1

Taco:

Giai

rco2

%C % H % 0
t i 1? :

D. C,u,

C.C2H6

B.CH4

'

Sd do phan tich de bai:

"

8 0 0 c m ^ tiep tuc cho qua dung dich K O H thi con 4 0 0 cm"\T cua A la:
A.C2H4

Thanh phan % oxi : % 0 = 10,82%

^
Ta

The tich hon hdp sau phan iJng la 1,4 lit. Sau khi cho hdi nufdc ngung tu thi con

... ,.,,,

M = 148g/mol.
Dat CTTQ : Q H y O ,

Bai 8 . Trpn 4 0 0 cm^ hon hdp hdp chat Mu cd A va nitd vdi 9 0 0 c m ' oxi duf roi dot.

CTPT cua A,la CjHfiO

''W^^^'i'^'^

Theo de bai: Vco^= 15 c m ' =^ Vo

=>

phan ifng =

30

5 = 25

d^ =

2 0 - 15 = 5 c m '

cm'

21

Ptiftn^ang^ phicnq phap giai Hfa^pc 11 Hi?u co - P8 Xuan HiMg

BAI TAP NANG CAO

^ u a n g trinhphan tfngchdy:

B a i 1. Mot hdp chat hilu cd A chuTa 5 4 , 8 % C ; 4,8%H; 9,3%N con lai la O. Cho biet

Q H y + (x + ^,)02 ->-xC02

+ ^HzO

phn tuf khoi cua nd la 1 5 3 . X a c dinh c6ng thiJc phan tuf cua hdp chat. V i sao
phSn tuf khoi cua c&c hdp chat chtfa C , H, O la s6' chn ma phan tuf khoi ciia A
lai la so' le (khong ke phan thap phan) ?

25

. *, |,

Gidi

15

% 0 = 1 0 0 % - 5 4 , 8 % - 4 , 8 % - 9 , 3 % = 3 1 , 1 % irfJN ^

=>x = 3 v a y = 8=> G T P T la CjHs.

aki^Ii'ban dau, H2O ngiteg tu he't, thu diTdc 20 cm^ hSn hdp khi, trong 66 c6 10
B..C2H7N

C.C3H9N

D.C4H,|N

/dijoo^bjri

BtV:r'rs-r? ;

Dat C T T Q cua A : C H ^ N , . T a c6 ti 1? : . i , : ^ ; , f c , M , ^ ^ , g , > d vftrSo

tsdl^Oz. Bat tia liJa di$^nn:ho hon hcfp no. Chuyen hSn hcJp khi nhan diTdc ve dieu
Wff bi NaOH hap thu vi'S cm^ hi photpho hap thu. C T P T cua A la:

MA =153

B ^ O : Cho vao khi nhiSnske 10 cm^ ch^it hffu cd A (chiJa C . H , N), 25 cm^ H 2 va 40

"ATCHsN

X:y :z :t

54^, 4 ^ , 3 U . 9 ^

12

i^^' '

16

14

= 4 , 5 7 : 4 , 8 : 1,94 : 0,66 = 7 : 7 : 3 : 1

a,!

=> C T cua A cd dang ( C 7 H 7 0 3 N ) .

Tac6 :

-Sd^o phan tfng:

c6n dir

CO2

Phan tuf khoi cua A la so le vl nguyen to nitd c6 h6a tri 16 => nguyen tuT H la so

N2

B^i 2. Cho 400ml mOt hidro g6m N 2

20 cm'

C ^ H y v^o 900ml O 2 dif roi dot. The tich hon

hdp khi thu dtfdc sau khi dot la 1400ml. Sau khi cho hdi niTdc ngifng tu thi con

Photpho hafp thu O 2 = > VQ^ j i , = 5 cm'

oingdich NaOH hap thu C O 2 = > VQO = 10 cm'
=>

=> n = 1

Vay C T P T cua A : C7H7O3N.

O2

40^^A(C,H,N)

153n= 153

800ml hon hdp ngi/di ta cho loi qua dung dich K O H tha'y con 400ml khi. Xac
v>v'

dinh cong thiJc phan tuf cua hidrocacbon tren, biS't the tich cic khi deu do d ciing

= 2 0 - ( 5 + 10) = 5 cm'

dilu ki^n nhi$t dp va ap sua't. ^^\,.

f(,5fV( tO.O

Giai

25
3
Wolchayhkiro) = - = 12,5 Cm
^ .-iih b:) e l

(dotehayea A vi hidm) = 4 0 - 5 = 3 5 Cm'

%)j (dcfichiTy A> = 35 - 4 2 , 5 = 2 2 , 5 cm'

^gatf n a i q ritvn^ g0biniq ifij fS^V;

-Phang trinhphin tfngxAdy:

CxHy +

'

y^
x + - O2
4

> XCO2 + ^H20;

x+y
4

f .AS'; Si'it) nvA A ;fe'b hy-

ax

Dat the tich cua C ^ H y la a

C ^ y N , + (x + ^)02
4

XCO2

+ ^ H j O + - N 2 feolriniasOTbqA
2
2

< v j H \' ; :Mit iirtJ }flA c^,,-!

=400-a
Theo de bai ta c6 :
VH20 = 1400-800 = 600ml =

=> VH,o<J..*ftch4y A) = ^(V^, - Vco,) = 2 . ( 2 2 , 5 - 10) = 2 5 cm'

T a cd t H ? the tich: VA:-Veo^:VH^o:VN^ = 1 0 : 1 0 : 2 5 : 5 = 2 : 2 : 5 : 1

fod

,rii'i\i!.>..iO-;I,vrt

= > A : C : H : N = 2 : 2 :40 : 2 = 1 : 1 : 5 : 1
C T P T cua A la CH5N
',m

,ix^

'.},>'i i(6o;iT

c #

Vco2 = 800 - 400 = 400ml = ax

Vo2du=900-

^, j, |,

11

X ^ I
4

V o 2 d ^ + V N 2 =400

<* 9 0 0 - x + y a + 4 0 0 - a = 400

4;

23.

Phan dgng va phuong ph^p giai H6a hpc 11 HQu eo - B5 Xufln Hung

Vaytacd:

ay = 1200

Vivi

ax

(1)

= 400

Ta CO :

(2)

a = 900-a

'
,

'

= 2

'ii#iffc

-itiVj i'kih ''pli ri/!;y

fSsirj

a = 200ml
X

'^Iv;

,fy^

Vjnv'i/i) bl u, ii

m.P

'fli s.i'

Sdmol A :

HA = ^
=
= 0,01 ( m o l ) '
RT
0,082.(100 + 273)
,A.,,

phan tuTcua A biet d the hdi; l,8g chat A chiem the tich bang the tich cua 0,8g oxi
cung dieu ki?n.

, _ ^
Gidi

\l f

0,05 mol

1'' I

.', .

= 0,025 mol => M A =

= 72
0,025

'HW

nllt

S6'molN2:

, .

,^^,^,

..

So mol O2 da diing :
,

1,1

= 0,05 (mol)

n^^ =

137
>: ,A f,Mb ^ ; T T

. '

^ n ) -

n ^ = ^
= 0,005
0,082.(30 + 273)

,,vi'
.^U|

, 1,
, v, * +
; ^;

mo = 1,37 - (0,84 + 0,07 + 0,14) = 0,32 (g)

,i,

Dat CTTQ cua A : C,HyO,N,

Ta cd ti I 9 : X : y : z : t
'

'

'

0,84

0,07

0,32

0,14

12

16

14

+ 7-f

= 0,07 : 0,07 : 0,02 : 0,01 = 7 : 7 : 2 : 1

^^

Vay cong thu-c A cd dang (C7H702N).

-i.;:t ,...,..H,,D

Tacd:

(7 x 12 + 7 + 32 + 14)n = 137

n= 1

Vay C T P T cua A m C7H7O2N.

= 0,2 (mol)
22,4

H5n hdp k h i thu difdc :

,.(;./

:=> mN = 28.0,005 = 0,14 (g)

y
x + - - - O2 ^ XCO2+ ^ H 2 0 iTt'rf aftd U^;^(m.
4 2
mi&jB'jof{):,ii
~.tciq atfrti ;ii'n>;!-> idofsi
y z
0,05
0,05x
o,05.^'-'^''^^''^'^^^*^^
x + ^^
4 2

S6 mol chat A dem d o t : nA = ^

'

1,8

=
0,01

T a c o : m c = 12. = 0,84(g); mH = 2.
= 0,07 (g)
44
18

> J, ,

'1

lit

PhUdng tnnh dot chdy :

'

;,(]

^^^'^'^
Aii:'.b: YSH ^

T i m cong thiJc
Khoi lifdng mol A : M A =

32

T ;

o ^ k i r > m4:vi>d'riif .:^iil.K\! n-!:'!

diTdc hon hdp k h i va hdi trong do V c o , = 3 V o ; ^ ^ ^ ^ = 11.

0,8

,!' i ' , , , / , .

a,. .,.,(1! <n;'.;:q

= 2

bay hdi d 100"C va 1 atm thi the tich thu diTdc la 306ml.

>]::

Bai 3. Dot chay hodn toan 3,6g chat huTu cd A (C, H , O) b^ng 4,48 lit O2 (dktc) thu

nA =

= 4;z

Vay CTPT cua A \k C3H4O2.

Vay CTPT cua hidrocacbon la C2H6.

,
Ta CO :

= 3;y

0,126 l i t N2 (30"C va 75 cmHg). Xac dinh cong thiJc phan tuT A . B i e t l,37g A cho

= "''r;i'

Dat CTTQ cua A : C^HyO,,

=>x

Bai 4. Dot chay hoan toan l,37g chat hufu cd A thu diTdc 3,08g CO2; 0,63g H2O va

lli

,:ut}

y =6

,r!

(3)

G l a i ( l ) , (2), (3)

4
72 = 12x + y + 16z <=> 12x + - x + 16(8 - 2x) = 72

^ >

AX'kD

-^'''-^ "

s^HOkJ ^

Bai 5. Tri^dc kia, "pham do" dung de nhupm do cho^ng cho cac Hong y gido chu

CO2

diTdc tdch chie't tijf mpt l o ^ i oc bien. Do la mpt hdp cha't cd th^nh phan nguyen to

H2O

nhiTsau :

O2 dir

C : 45,7%>; H : 1,9%; O : 7,6%; N : 6,7%; Br : 38,1%.

a) Hay xac dinh cong thi^c ddn gian nhat cua "pham do".

Theo d l

Vco2 = 3 d u
"^C02

11

^ =

"29

<=>

"'rrtU:

y
z
x + - - - 0,05
4 2

0,05x = 3 0 , 2 -

44.0,05x

11

18.0,05 yi

'"""-'2

K; v':

(1)

b) Phi/dng phdp phd khdi liTdng cho biet trong dd phan tuT "pham do" cd chiJa hai
nguyen tur brom. Hay xac dinh cong thufc phan
Gidi

1'X)9iaf;^j(_'^^,,V

=> y = - X .

The v a o ( l ) => z = 8 - 2 x

cua nd.

, _

a) D ^ t C T T Q cua pham do : CxHyO,N,Brk

Ta cd ti 1# : x : y : z : t : k =

=> - = 1 ^ = -

tiJf

45,7

7,6

6,7

38,1

12 1 16

1,9

14

80

=' '

= 3,808 : 1,9 : 0,475 : 0,478 : 0,476 = 8 : 4 : 1 : 1 : 1

24

'hSn dgng vk phtwng ph^p giSi H6a hpc 11 HOu CO - D8 Xuan Hung
Vay cong IhiJc ddn gian nhat cua pham do la C K H 4 0 N B r .
j) V i phan tuf chiJa hai nguyen tuf Br nen A c6 dang (CsH40NBr)2.
Vay C T C T cua pham do la CfiHxOsNsBra.
Bai 6. Dot chdy hoan loan hon hdp X gom hai hidrocacbon A

B , mach hd cilng

day dong dang. Cho toan bp san pham chay vao 4,5 lit dung dich Ca(OH)2

b + c = 0,09

fb = 0,04 (mol)

100b + 297c = 18,85

[c = 0,05 (mol)

=> nco2 = b + 2c = 0,14(mol)=> m c o j (3.4) = ( b + 2c).44 = 0,14.44 = 6,16(g)

Ttf (6)=i> mHjO = 3.78 +100.0,04 - 6,16 = 1,62 (g)

0,02M, thu difdc ke't tua va khoi liTdng dung dich tang 3,78g. Cho dung dich

tua hai Ian la 18,85g. T i khoi hdi cua hon hdp X so v d i hidro < 20. So mol cua A

3ay

'
hay

+Hy +2n: 2a (mol)

Dat C T T Q cua A : C^Hy : 3a (mol); B :

1 ri 1

-i-2a.

y + 2n
2

-J

Gidi

- = 0,09 (mol)

Theo phifdng trtnh (1), (2) ta c6: n c o j = 3ax + 2a(x + n) = 0,14

b^ng 60% tong so m o l cua A va B trong hon hdp X . Cdc phan iJng xay ra hoan
toan. Hay xac dinh cong thiJc phan tuT cua A va B.

1,62

ni

Ba(OH)2 (in vao dung dich thu difdc, ket tua lai tSng them, tong khoi liTdng ket

n c o 2 = 5ax + 2an = 0,14

(7)

VinA = 60%(nA + n B ) ^ ^ = Phifdng trinh dot chay :

Ma ta c6 :

dx/Ha < 20

M x < 40

F
,

;/;,,;,) r;/!':'

I'i'ji'i,

'jLnJ.

>

(12x + y).3a + [12(x + n) + y + 2n].2a

CxHy +

x + O2
4j

> X C 0 2 + ^ H 2 0

3axmol

! :i

\X

CO2

b mol

Ca(OH)2
b mol

,
+

) Ca(HC03)2

c mol

Ca(HC03)2

y + 2n

H2O

c mol

^,

(3)

v:/M&.n.>n f

(4)

> CaCOji + BaCOji + 2H2O

c mol

m c o 2 + mH20 = 3,78 + 100b

,1-^Ij^A

, , ; s j y | i :,:!;^}f: '^iM, ('

v^i'

'

Matkhac :

i^^H

'i^nf-JnM (d

hay

18,85 = 100b + 100c + 197c = 100b + 297c

Ta c5 he phifdng trinh :

,..

x =2

V $ y C T P T cua A m C 2 H 2 , B la C 4 H 6 .

, ^

, ,

g, W.

Bai 7. Dot chay ho^n toan m gam chat hiJu cd X chtfa ba nguyen to C , H , O thu
difdc a gam C O 2 va b gam H 2 O , biet a =

va b =

Hay x i c dinh cong

thtfc phan tvl cua X . Biet 3,6g hdi X cd the tich b^ng the tich cua l,76g C O 2 ciJng
-^ ^ .

diluki?n.
Gidi

(6)

mcafOH), = b + c = 0,09 (mol)

18,85 = mcacoaO) + mcaC03(4) + mcacogrs)

n =2
Giai ra ta c6 :

Dat C T T Q cua

Theo (3) va ( 4 ) :

(5)

c mol

"

60x + 5y + 2 8 n < 2 0 0

yJ:M

(H'M-in

T h e o d e : m c o j + m H 2 0 =3,78 + mcaco3 (3)

hay

Sh(V ;kv.(}:j - { I V
^
,
^, ^,

,/!.,(:), 1-?,":) ; ; l ;

Ta c6 he phifdng trlnh : Say = 4an = 0,18

a = 0,01

c mol
Ba(OH)2

(9)

60x + 5y + 28n < 200

.2a

b m o L j i ffiourU,. -lib gauf; "nf> frartq" jnJ; JSuil 2 }i:H

2 C O 2 + Ca(OH)2
2c m o l

hay

r v + 2nV
' '-'''J'T^^^'ifi^^i
H 2 O (2)
2

1 o.;);'; 1 (x + n)2a

> CaCOs

* M , ',:S: a:

^'

5ax-i-2an = 0,14

>(x + n ) C 0 2 +

nca(0H)2 =0,02.4,5 = 0,09 (mol)

<40

(1)

mol

A- 3
C x +nHy +2n + x + + ^ O ,
2
4;
2a mol

) 1'

3ay

3a mol

, , ,

j 'J:\
Li

X : CxHyO,.

22m
T a c 6 : m c = 1 2 . ^ ^ = 0,4m(g);
15.44
=> mo = m 0,4m +
15j

^ 3m
m , .
mH = 2. = ( g )
J-io

8m
I5

(g)
27

Phan dgng

phuong ph&p g\k\a hgc 11 HOu cO- D8 XuSn Hang

Bai 9. Dot chdy 560 cm^ hon hdp khi (dktc) gom 2 hidrocacbon cd cilng so nguyen

Tacdtil? : X :y : z =

0,033 : 0,066 : 0,033 = 1 : 2 : 1

15.1 15.16

=
12

tiJ cacbon ta thu duTdc 4,4g CO2 va 1,9125g hdi niTdc.

=> X c6 d a n g (CH20).
Matkhac:

nx = n c o 2 =

=> M x =
-

" '
V$y

a) Xdc dinh CTPT cac chat hiJu cd

,
176
=

0.04 ( m o l )

= 90

30n = 90

Mat

v *

f . ,.t

-'

phap bi^n luan de giai.

k h a c k h i p h a n tich liTdng cha't hffu c d A thu difdc k h i N H 3 . Dan toan bp k h i

nay v a o 125ml d u n g d i c h H2SO4 2 M thi phan axit duT difdc t r u n g h o a vilfa he't bdi
100ml d u n g djch NaOH 3 M .
u> '

rr,

Giasur y < y ' ^ y < y

Gidi

nH2S04 = 0,125.2 = 0,25 ( m o l )

"

0,2 m o l

H2SO4

> (NH4)2S04

'

'

> Na2S04

2H2O

^, ,f

Thanh phan % N trong A : % N =

52,8

'

nH20 = 1,9125/18 = 0,10625 (mol)

(1)

x+y

V ' * ( 2 )

" '
2,8
18,6

0,025

'''\

x 100% = 15,05%

, -M

"002

iM)

-!).

O,

/ '

^H20

XCO2 +

0,025x-^ 0,025 y/2

=0,025 = 0,1

x =4
y = 8,5

nH2o = 0 , 0 2 5 ^ = 0,10625

... \

'
'

CTPT A , B cd dang : A : C 4 H , va B : C4H,.

.sfolTOxJl^^

^ 12,6 , , , ,
= 14,4(g); mn = 2 . ^ = l , 4 ( g )

-^^^

Tacdy < y <y'hayy<8,5<y'(1)

=> mo = 1 8 , 6 - ( 1 4 , 4 + 1 , 4 + 2,8) = 0

VSy trong A khong cd oxi.

rf:^='''^'M ^-^^

:M : M =
12

Bi^n

''"^f"^'* - f*-^^'

1,2 :1,4: 0,2 = 6 :7 :1

... ...

Theo de : dA/kk < 3,25 => M A < 3,25 x 29 = 94,25

(6 x 12 + 7 + 14)n < 94,25
93n < 94,25

Vy A cd CTPT : C 6 H 7 N .
7Sl

{!&;)& n.^ij^ ptjrfl ^

^^
m^y'.'-^'^

14

A cd dang (C6H7N).

Ta cd :

^l- Dat CTTQ cua A : C ^ H y N ,

Ta cd t i le : X : y : z =

d
, j ., ,,1

= 0,025 mol

n c o 2 =4,4/44 = 0.1 (mol)

0,3 m o l

=> m N = 0,2 X 14 = 2,8 (g)

mc=12.

||,

<y'

So mol hon hdp k h i nhh =

^^

nH2SO4(^pu(i)=0,25-0,15 = 0 , l ( m o l )

T
A
Tacd:

d
,

B:C,Hy.

H2SO4 + 2 N a O H

0,1 m o l

0,15 m o l

'''";"'']"/;'';://'''

"NaOH - 0 , 1 . 3 = 0,3 ( m o l )
2NH3

D a t C T P T 2 hydrocacbon tren :

^,

b) L $ p c o n g thiJc p h a n tuT A biet dA/kk < 3,25.

Tacd:

ij(|,;,,,|v)

a) Xdc dinh C T P T cdc hidrocacbon :

CTPT trung binh 2 hydrocacbon tren : C - H -

a) Xac d i n h t h a n h p h a n % N cd trong A .

.... j :

^y

6 bki nay, ta dilng phifdng phap so nguyen tuf H trung bmh ke't hdp vdi phiTdng

''

8. Oxi h o a h o a n l o a n 18,6g chat hffu c d A thu diTdc 52,8g C O 2 va 12,6g H2O.

Bai

Giai

n= 3

v*/rv,-,i.

,,....

c) Neu cho lifdng C O 2 tren vao 100 m l dd K O H 1,3M; Tinh CM muoi tao thanh

0,04

CTPT c u a X m CjHfiOs.

b) Tinh % khoi lifdng cac cha't

't.

,.,,

'

=> n < 1,01 => n = 1

fiio

pTTO

luHn tim CTPT B :

^^^'^ ^^^^^^''''''^
^

8,5 < y ' chan^v^v

;^

'''^l'

_ y ' ^ 2 x + 2 = 2.4 + 2 = 1 0 '

' t<-''

''

= ^ y ' = 1 0 r = > C T P T B : C 4 H , o tentO,0

TiWng tir bi?n luan tim CTPT A : y < 8,5, y chSn
y

C4H2

4
C4H4

>|.ii^||''ai

'

C4H6

C4HS

Vay cd 4 cap nghiem :

A:C4H2
B: C4H,()

va

A: C4H4
B:

C 4 H 10

va

A:C4H6
B : C 4 H 10

va

A:C4HH
B : C4HI()
29

PhSn d^ing

phUOng

gi^i H6a hgc

phAp

11

HOu co -

iJu

Xuan

c) Tinh CM cdc muol tao thanh r

nKOH = V . C M = 0,1.1.3= 0,13 (mol)
:
T a c 6 : ^ ^ = ^ = 1,3 ^ T a o t h a n h 2 m u ^ .
, ,

"CO2

CO2

CO2

Ta c6 :

12,
^ X C*

^'-^

+ 2KOH-> K2CO3
2a
a
+ K0H->KHC03

' i, ,

H2O

(mol)

'ol\ir,';(yr

o: .

^y--'

:r;^:A:q

(mol)

a + b = n c o 2 = 0,1

a = 0,03

2a + b = nKOH = 0 - 1 3

b = 0,07

.'ryj'^fiir's.

^^''^---'.H;:T-ir^VK;(r'

0,07

CM(K2C03) = -5J = 0 . 3 ( M ) ; CM(KHCO3) = - ^ = 0 , 7 ( M )

,. ^.j

Bai 10. Mot hidrocacbon A d the khi c6 the tich gap 4 Ian the tich cda lUU huynh
dioxit CO khoi li/dng tifdng difdng trong cung dieu ki?n. San pham chay cua A
dan qua binh diTng nifdc voi trong diT thi c6 Ig ket tua dong thdi khoi li/dng binh
tang 0,8g. Tim CTPT A.
Tim

MA :

'

=>

MA

= 4"^^"^ => - i - =

MSO2

M A MSO2

(A

SO2 c6

: ^ M A = ^ = ^ = 16
D3tA:QHy

, ("y

khoi liTdng ti^dng diTdng nhau)

', , - e & r i ( .

^.'^-<^V^'^>^^-^.0:>=^j
J ,u

^:^::rG..^-

,;v:,,n|

Binh dtfng Ca(OH)2 hap thu CO2 va H2O

^, ^, . , ,^ .
Ca(0H)2
+
CO2 -> CaCOai + H2O
r
'

m-i^= mcaco3 = Ig
nco2 = "CaCOs = 1/100= 0.01mol
"" '
h a/TT! ^ m ) ) J^ri n d i H
=>nc = n c o 2 = 0,01mol
mc = 12.0,01 = 0,12g ^ j , ,^ p ; r ^
,.
m c o j = 0,01.44 = 0,44g
,, , ,^.
^
, ^'[''i rr.^' n|:.)] flfic! ;j\arr'
Ambiii= mco2 + mH20 => mH20 = 0.8 - 0,44 = 0,36g
it
mH = 2

^ =2

^ = 0'04g

"^MS"

DLBT khoi lifdng (A): mA = mc + mH = 0,12 + 0,04 = 0,16

30

m^

nio f 5. vifV
' {

mA

12.mA 12.016

j4Lfi

wV''
| ,

emtQ^ thi'f pliikn lit:

-.fid i '..j;

''A

^i/a ixda phiiiAig.

<T)ifii oa dftih. liiai bao^ ioAti khoi

'''''y'':
BAr TAP M A U V A BAI TAP N A N G C A O

phdfL

bifii liiati

ri'fj;

' '

'

Bai 1. Dot chdy hoan toan ba hidrocacbon A, B, C c6 ciing so nguyen tuT cacbon ta thu
diTdc ti le C O 2 va H2O c6 gid tri tiTdng iJng la 0,8 : 1 : 2. Xdc dinh cong thiJc phan
tufcua A, B, C.
,
, , ,

^''^^

* ChS't A CO

^\ ^:^...f'n-i"fOt^::r:r Ji^

1VA = 4.VSO2 (dcungdieukien)=>nA = 4 . n s o 2

16.0,12 ,
=
=I

= => X = -

<T)cum 4.
0.;

: ,

MA-mc

VayCTPTA:CH4

f'*;;

(mol)

MA

MA-mH _ 16.0,04 ^ ^
mA " 0,16 "

hyi()

yuni a

m^

'''^

0,03

Xa c6

CnH2n+2 +

Tac6:

: 2L

nH20

r3n+n
.

Gidi S,0

= 0,8 => n c o , < " H I O =^ A 1 ^ ankan : CnH2n+2O2

' '
> nC02 + (n + 1)H20 ,^^,]^p y: , , 5 . , ^ f f f ;

- = 0,8 =>n = 4
n+1

. M/ ,f'> " in,, i i \ f

'

,nr

Vay CTPT A la C4Hi.

* Chat B c6 :
=1
Ucoj = nH20
=> B la anken hoSc xicloanken: CnH2n.
/
Vi A, B ciing so nguyen tuT cacbon => B la C4H&. ' f f
* Chat C c6 :

= 2 => n c o 2

= 2nH20

hay

nH20

I:

< "coz

"H2O

DSt CTTQ cua C : CH2^^2-2k(k Ih so lien ket 71)

r3n + l - k \
CnH2n+2-2k +
O2
> n C 0 2 + (n + 1 2
n

.'';|,,,t IS-..-'

..,;U,>../

:/.,'

*
,T

k)H20
,.4:

>

Taco:
=2
... ...
.
Vi A, B, C ciing so cacbcn => n = 4 => k = 3
^ - ; ; if -; '
Vy CTPT cua C m C 4 H 4 .
v t J -

Phan dgng vji phuong pUip giSi H6a hi?c 11 HOu ca - P5 Xuan Hang

Bai 2. Dot chay 3,7g chat hQ^a c d X

(C,

H, O) dung

du 6,72 h't oxi

vUa

(dktc)

va thu diTdc

0,25 mol H 2 O . Xac dinh cong thiJc phan tuT X bie't 70 < Mx < 83.

Tacd:

= =

day dong d i n g , trong dd A hdn B mot nguyen tuT cacbon, ngu'di ta chi thu diTdc

-i

Gidi

H 2 O va 9,24g C O 2 . Bie't ti khoi hdi cua X doi vdi H2 b^ng 13.5. T i m cong thiJc

''''^^

0,3(mol)

B^i 4. Dot chay hoan to^n 3,24 gam hon hdp X gom hai chat hiJu cd A va B khac

ciia A, B va tinh % khoi lifdng cua m6i chat trong X.

'v^;-

/sCt:,

O2

> C O 2

H2O

CO

= mco2

mx +

^idvM 'iimb '^/.i^,.

^^lO

'

=> mco2 = 3 J + 0 , 3 x 3 2 - 0 , 2 5 x 1 8

nco,= =

^.i^TavAicit 'fw^io n # J '

= 8,8(g),t^uVAttUvWi'.*

miiitm'ti^

7^:=2.4(g),^.,k\'i

m H = 2 X 0,25 = 0,5 (g)

' / a * ==> mo = 3 , 7 - ( 2 , 4 + 0,5) = 0,8(g)

C T T Q cua

Dat

n x = ^

i^li.ii i d 1

i . i ' n

'

* t'f

X : C^HyO,

j J)M . M ?'1
i

^ ii'^

? wH

. j'i

Theode 7 0 < 7 4 n < 8 3

'kU

.-,'

}/0'}.J$i

t^r'^sf^'

<

'

J , I,

A, B, C , D la

; e

3Mt)

CxHyO,.

n2

= 2 ma

. ,

*U

> r;> M x = 13,5 x 2 = 27

^ = = 1,75

=>3MA + MB=108
Nen A c6 the la

'

'

'

n=,

l l ' = .03ol'

'^Mk^^A^^

--p

MB= 108-3MA>0

C2H2, C2H4

A la C 2 H 2 ( M A = 26)

hoac
=^

Ne\ A la C 2 H 4 ( M A = 28) ^

'i

-V.
'^^m'^:>i^i itik

C2H2,

Wl

''.'iy-^^t

C2H6.

M B = 30 ( C H 2 0 ) ^ * ' " * " '

' ' ^ ' ^ ' ^ " ''''

M B = 24 (loai)

B la HCHO

'

'^''"""^

A m C 2 H 6 ( M A = 30) =^ M B = 18 (loai) ^

V$y CTPT cua A la

"-''^-"^

-V

0,12

'

'

'

'

(CH2O).

Thanh phan % khoi liTdng moi chat trong X:

%C2H2

,
x_3

*/t.i

= > M A < 36 => A khong c6 oxi va trong A c6 2 nguyen tuT cacbon.

2.

T h e o d l : ^ = 1,8333 = . - ^ = 1,8333
n^HzO
18.1

in

M>

^.U5^|a=0.09.oi;l,i^^

mx = 0,09MA + 0,03MB = 3,24

y
4

TP HCM, dat 2)

0 2r^'''''-^^^''M'W^^^^^^^

nco,

a + b = 0.12

khoi liTdng H 2 O . Xdc dinh cong thiJc phan tuf cua A, B, C, D.

C T T Q cua

',lin^ nj'

o>,^r, ,Mf

"X

ki moi chat deu chi thu difdc C O 2 va H 2 O ma khoi liTdng C O 2 bang 1,8333 Ian

Dat

TS DHQG

^^^^.^

Ta c6 h? phufdng trinh :

lifdng phan tijf cua chiing lap thanh mot cap so cpng. Khi do't chdy mot lifdng bat

;>:;.,

vol a la so m o l cua A, b la so mol cua B.

B a i 3. Cho bon hdp cha't hiJu cd A, B, C, D deu ben, mach cacbon lien tuc, kho'i

Gidi

'

=> So nguyen tif C trung binh : n =

n, = 1 < n = 1,75 <

;jif,f'^

'r

'

= 0.12(mol)

O^H"

=> 0,95 < n < 1,12 => n = 1

Vay C T P T c u a X la C 4 H , o O .

0,21(mol)

Ta c6 ti le : X : y : z = : : - 0.2 :0,5:0.05 = 4 : 1 0 : 1
12
1 1 6
Xc6dang(C4H,oO).

Gidi

Khoi lifdng mol phan tuT cua X 1 (Jxytiji fiX^

Kv^^^^^ -

wn^(

f (Trich

8 8

"'^ =

^ h

' ! li

'''ts,,.,,

A p dung dinh luat bao toan khoi liWng :

Ta

1 i'

-^.100%

= 72,22%

3,24.

=> % H C H O = 27,78%.
Bai 5. MQt hidrocacbon X cl the khi c6 t i khoi hdi so vdi hidro la 15. Lap cong thiJc

C6ng thu-c cua A, B, C, D c6 dang (C3H)0,

m^taluoncd:

8n < 2 x 3n + 2

n< 1

phSn tuf ci5a hidrocacbon X.

$^1^:^,

^f

itMra
M x = 1 5 x 2 = 30

V i khoi liTdng phan tuf cua chiing lap thanh mpt cap so cgng nen ta c6 z = 0; 1; 2; 3.

32

CTPT

cua

A, B,

C,

Ian

iMdl Ik :

CaHg, CjHgO, CjHsOz.

") .ft J , A U M ' * . r i .

1 '

D$t CTTQ cua X 1^ C^Hy. \m\\x4\J ^ \m I irA mh\

Vay cong thiJc cua bon chat c6 dang CSHRO,,.

Vay

Gidi

CJHHOJ.

Tac6:

) . M f y j , i f j , . f ? ^ ( l J f t / . j *KS ) l

12x + y = 30 => y = 30 - 12x

D i ^ u ki?n y > 0 => 30 - 12x > 0 => X < 2,5

'

'
'

'

;
.it-sdatooifc-,? sA :uwz '^XnO m

Phan d j n g vS phuong p M p giSi H6a hpc 11 HOu cd - B5 Xuan Himg

;/i;,;'Neu

x = l => y = 18 (loai)

(KAqno

xC +

i p i ^ y n s n ^

ivs,t5|vvw;(fa .H n>^.n .A

x = 2 . = > y = 6 (nhan)

, ^

'i'M:
ax ^

V$y CTPT cua X : C 2 H 6 .

B a i 6. M p t hon hdp k h i A gom hai hidrocacbon thupc ciing day dong dSng. Dot
chay 2 lit khi A can diing 7,2 lit khi oxi thu diTdc 4.8 lit CO2
(cdc khi do 3 C l i n g dieu ki#n).

sb

vay

a) Tinh the tich hdi nUdc thu dUdc.

, ,,

,^

^.^

b) Xdc dinh day dong d i n g cua hai hidrocacbon trong A .

c) Lap cong thiJc phan tuf

Theo de :

mgt lUdng hdi nifdc

2 lit

7,2 l i t

4,8 lit ^ ^

b) Lay hai nfdu ddn chi?c X , Y dem dun nong v d i

n , daUi mmi

'rr

m^'^'^^^i.:'m

D i n . t Z

'm<Mi'..-i: K j ' b i rofl.'

D | t C T T Q cua A : C . H A '

,
, ^
Ta CO : m c + m H = 3,5.mo

iaif:> Sswt^ia 41 d ,A afc |ri:rro*

Hay

12x + y = 3,5.16z

. u u i c i - a ^ ; - * i ,m<n:
(j^i,,,
DHQG, dot
itjU^'dKm^m vi' j f . i o f i <-.'s.i
Giai
' ' '
'
'
&\r> Jlidsj Bhbj, i}rn^ 'rfj;!! ui?

=> 12x + y = 56z

wfif,,

1
'^'7
x
, ^,." Ta c6 t i 1? : - = f=

T h I Uch hdi node :

"'

24

b) Ta c6 t i l ? : - = = HH
4,8
2
c) V I nc = 2,4 = X

j,.^a/rfq

" ^'"^ ^^'^^

= > H H = 2nc

ho tsT,

44

32

20

-4

(loai)

(loai)

(loai)

nh$n

(loai)

=> A cd CTPT : C4H8O.

thuOc day dong dang anken.

Dat a la nc2H4 trong 1 mol hon hdp A

n : = 4 (hai chat c^ch nhau rngt chlft).

C4Hg. ,,.

, , "^r ,

(1 - a) la sd'mol C 4 H 8 .

.. ^ j ^ . ^

^ ^.-^.j^ ^

a = 0.8 (mol) '^^^^^^ ^1A . v . T I T O v V

Thanh phan % theo t h i tich cdc k h i :

' ^^^w^,/-

liw.^'^*^;*^^^^--^^^

N ^ u z = n=> CT cua A c6 dang (C4HgO).

la

iCr ;

cn^ii

C4H8O.

Theo de : X la C H 3 O H , Y la C H 2 = C H - C H 2 0 H .

'

' '

A cd C T C T : C H 3 0 - C H 2 - C H = C H 2 .
T'"

PhUdng trinhphan iJng :

CH3OH + CH2=CH-CH20H

r''"'':^'

^l^^o*c> C H 3 0 - C H 2 - C H = C H 2 + H2O.

B a i 9. Dot c h i y hoan toan 1 hidrocacbon A c i n dilng 28,8g o x i thu dUdc 13,44 lit

^.

CO2 (dktc). B i ^ t t i khd^i hdi cua A doi v d i khong khi l a d v d i 2 < d < 2,5. T i m
CTPTcia A.

=> % V c , H 8 = 2 0 % .

ijOHb

,'.f:ft

y = 56 - 12x

Vay cong thtJc ddn gian cua A

la anken nen n, = 2

Ta c6 : nc = " " " ' ^ " ^ = 2 , 4 ^

N ^ u z = 1=> 12x + y = 56

'

'<AM-.*]i=;:flM:

Vay CTPT ciia hai hidrocacbon la C2H4

.^^^

'
=> x = 2 , 4 ; y = 4,8 .

=f "

VH20

dam dac d nhipt dO thich

H2SO4

Aiaete.

>XCO2+ ^HzO

C4H6.

hdp thl thu difdc A . Xac dinh cong thiJc cau tao mach hcl cua A , X , Y . Biet r i n g

Gmi

O2

la : C2H6, CjHfi,

A , B , C Ian liTdt c6 CTPT

B S i 8. K h i phan tich chat hilu cd A chi chtfa C, H , O thi c6 mc + mw = 3,5.mo

hai chat dtfng cdch nhau mOt chat trong day dong d i n g .

x+y

y=6

= 3a

a) T i m cong thrfc ddn g i i n cua A .

tinh thanh phan % theo t h i tich cac chat trong A . Biet

a) D a t C T T Q t r u n g b i n h c i i a A l a C - H - .
,

ay

::..,>,,

B a i 7. Cho ba hidrocacbon A . B . C 5 thg k h i trong d i l u k i ^ n thiTdng. A . B , C c6 ph^i

. ; la dong d i n g cua nhau hay khong ? B i ^ t rJlng khi phan hOy deu tao ra cacbon va
j ! hidro. the tich hidro gap ba Ian \hi tich hidrocacbon ban d i u (5 cilng d i l u kin).

;fi

;,i-ffM"

-'r-3

Gidi
V I A la hidrocacbon. mi khi 66t chdy 1 hidrocacbon ta lu6n c6:
1
" 0 2 phJntfng - " c o j + 71" H 2 0
2
" H 2 O = 2( n o j phiniTng -

nco2 ) - 2

'28,8

13,44'

, 32

22,4 ,

= 0,6 m o l

D$t C T T Q cua ba hidrocacbon la C j H y .

35

Phan djng va phiiOng ph^p g\i\a hpc 11 HOu CO - D5 Xuan Hung

KiiAigfiiniirr

13 44
mc=12.nco2= 1 2 . ^ =

Tacd:

D a t C T T Q c u a Y : C^HyO,,
0,48 0,22 1,76
. . . 0,22 0,11 ,^
,,
T a r d t i le : x : Y : z =
:
:
= 0,04:
:
= 12 :22 :11
Tacouie .X y
^
^
^

7.2(g)

niH = 2 . n H 2 0 = 2.0,6= 1,2

(g)

Cong thiJc ddn gian nhat cua Y : Ci2H220n..

Dat CTPT cua A la C,Hy ta cd: x : y = : = 1 : 2

1
12
1

Bai 11.

=> cong thiJc nguyfin cua A la (CH2)n.

M a 2 < d < 2 , 5 =^ 2 < 29
^<2,5 ^

' i / ^ v ^ ;

B o t chdy hoan toan 0,1 mol hdp chat hCu cd A chi chiJa C, H, O vdi oxi

theo t i 1? mol 1 : 2. Toan bp san pham chay diTdc cho qua binh 1 difng dung dich
pdCl2 dii roi qua binh 2 di/ng dung dich Ca(OH)2 dir. Sau thi nghiem, binh 1 tang

58 < M A < 72,5.

H a y 5 8 < 14n<72,5 =^ 4 , l < n < 5 , 2

'

.Ma n nguyen =^ n = 5 =^ CTPT cua A la CsH.o.

'

0,4g va xua't hi^n 21,2g ket tua, c6n binh 2 cd 30g ket tua. T i m cong thiJc phan

' ^'^

/'''^^^

'

tuTcua A.

"^

B a i 10. Oxi hoa hoan loan mpt chat hu^ cd Y can l,28g oxi, chi tao thanh 0,66g
^ ^H20 va l,76g CO2. Cho loan bp san pham sau phdn iJng sue vao 250ml dung

Binh 1 du-ng PdCb hut CO va H2O, giai phdng CO2.

CO

PdCl2 +

H2O

Pd4

COjt

j,, ,

+ 2HC1

; ,^ ,^,,
(1)

dich Ba(0H)2 nong dp a mol/lit thu diTdc b gam ke't tua, Ipc ke't tua roi dun nong

C 0 2 d phufdng trinh (1) va CO2 d phan iJng chay vao dung dich Ca(OH)2.

dung dich loc dufdc c gam ke't tua nffa. Cho biet b + c = 5,91. Tinh a, b, c va tim

CO2

cong thiJc ddn gian nha't cua Y ?

> ;M

...

'
Giai

*''
,

CO2

> B a C O j i + H2O

Ba(OH)2

2CO2 +
2y.
y

Ba(OH)2

*' '

^.

Ba(HC03)2

> Ba(HC03)2
y

CaCOal

Snc02 = ncaC03 =

100

A p dung dinh luat bao loan khoi liTdng : my + TIIQ^ = nicQ^ + m^^Q
\

Ca(OH)2 ->

30

my = 1,76 + 0 , 6 6 - 1,28 = 1,14(g)

H2O

i.(I - m

= 0,3 mol

0< "

212

,^

^ = 0,2 mol

Theo ptpi? (1), ta cd: n c o j s i n h r a = "co = n i p d =

=> So mol CO2 do phan tfng chay la: 0 , 3 - 0 , 2 = 0,1 mol.

,^4^

, ,

Khoi lifdng binh PdCh tSng la: mco + m H 2 0 " i " C 0 2 = ^,4

'

^^H,,',-^

,.

= 0,4 + m c o 2 - mco= 0,4 + 0,2.44 - 0,2.28 = 3,6 (g) i >t

=>

mH20

=>

nH,o=

3,6

= 0,2

mol

'

^< "

'

B a C O j l + CO2 + H2O

St x i

A p dung dinh luat bao toan khoi lifdng ta cd:

1,76
"^^=12. =

0 66 0 22
^'I'^rOcHa:
0,48(g); mH = 2 . - i ^ = - : ^ ( g ) > ^ ^ I . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

A.#;;

>

k ^ tua hai l l n :

mBaC03 = - j ^

mA=mco2

+ mco + m H 2 0 - m o 2

^'

= 0,1.44 + 0,2.28 + 3,6 - 0.2.32 = 7,2(g)

(oAS^^yhll^g)

=^ m o = 1,14-

5 91

'

n i A + m o 2 = mco2 + ' " c o + m H 2 0

=>

,,ri^6mol

,,,^5^,^' ^3

.^^^^
1 76

= x + y = 0,03;

TacohephiTdngtrinh:

nco2 = - ^

[x + 2y = 0,04

[x = 0 , 0 2 m o l
0

Gpi cong thuTc phan til c i l a A 1^ C^HyO^.

.nfcf
v y ' ^ ,

03

mH = 2. n H 2 0 = 2.0,2

AJV
r

pi
'-""'H

a = = 0,12 (mol/lit)

b = 0,02 X 197 = 3,94 (g)

c = 5,91 - 3,94= 1,97 (g)

'

''V^''^'}:^'.:

12x _
mc

mo

niH

y
16z
,^
A
= ^
=
= 10 =>x = 3 ; y = 4 ; z = 2.
3,6
0,4
3,2
^
V,,,.
,

"

_ 16z _ M _ 72

12x

Vaiy: CTPT cua A la C3H4O2 n * ! ' ' - ^ ^ / ' .

7{ioffl? b / ,

= 0.4 (g)

mo = 7 , 2 - ( 3 . 6 + 0,4) = 3,2 (g)

o

'

,,,.,,ri,

T a c d : m c = 12.(Ucoj + nco) = 12.(0,1 + 0.2) = 3,6 (g)

0,04

1^ = '^^

" B a ( 0 H ) 2 = X + y = 0,03 (mol)

= x + 2y =

R.'-^

: ;

7,2

'
11

Phan dgnp va phudng phap giai H6a hgc 11 Hgu co - B8 Xufln Hung

B a i 12. Mpt hon hdp gom niQt so hidrocacbon hen tie'p trong day d6ng d i n g c6 khoi
Itfdng phan tit trung binh ( M ) = 64. 6 100"C thi hon hdp nay 6 the khi, l a m lanh
den nhift dp phong thi mpt so chat bi ngiftig tu. C&c chat khi c6 khoi Itfdng phan
tuf trung binh bkng 54. Cic chat long c6 bKng 74. T o n g khoi lifdng c ^ c chat trong

Ml =

70c + 8 4 d ^ ^ 4
c +d

Thay(2).(3)vao(l):
M =

4 2 a + 5 6 . 6 a + 70.2,5d + 84d

% the tich cdc chat trong hon hdp

Giai

- - - - - - . . K ' ^ - ^

(4)

54

c = 2,5.2a = 5 a ( 3 ' )

Hhh = a + b + c + d = a + 6a + 5 a + 2a = 14a

G o i aj, 3 2 , a n 1^ k h ^ i lifdng phan tijf cua c ^ c hidrocacbon trdn.

*

378a + 259d
7 a + 3,5d

=>d = 2 a

'

= 0 4 =>

a + 6 a + 2,5d + d,,,

hon hdp d a u la 252. Diet khoi liTdng phan ti3f chat nang nhat g^p d6i chat nhe
nh^t. T i m C T P T cic chat

^ c = 2,5d ( 3 )

i'^^^

*'

d Cling dieu ki#n, ti I9 ve so mol b^ng ti 1 v l the tich

Ap dung tilth chott toan hgc :

C d c hidrocacbon lien tiep thupc ciing mpt day dong dSng se tao nen mpt c a p so

% V C 3 H . = ^ x I 0 0 % = 7.14%

cOng c6 cong sai d = 14

%VC4HK=

an = at + (n - l ) d

x l 0 0 % =42,85%
'

S=

"

^"

'

"

! ,f. M ) .

V d i a n = 2ai =>2ai = ai + ( n - 1 ) . 1 4
=>ai = 1 4 ( n - 1)

"'^ *
,

"^''^ *

'

'

, ,u ' n , 11 . ^, ( U , n ..i! ( '

"
('

dat hidrocacbon dau la A | : Q H y

I n - . , in

m^ :

,,

"

y<2x + 2

, My .

, ,,

" " '

v , . ' ) K ' l A(

>4

30

18

<0

rfcA

cdc chitttroneh3n

A
1

= 14,28%

a + ii + c + d

= 64

M , . = ^ ^ ^ i ^ = 5 4 = * b = 6a

'X',

rr:,,.

'

J , , , , <

::;/V'!^,.V;-;,YA''"1^

Gi&i

T a c 6 : dA/khongkhi < 3 => M A < 3.29 = 87

, ,

, ,^

, ,^

l i ;

= b (g)

i 'J

'>

'

mH = 2.nH20=2.= - ( g )
cpng tren.
^ ,<'

h<n>:

'

B a i 1 3 : D o t chdy hoan toan m(g) hdp cha't hiJu c d A c h i Ihu diTdc a(g) C O 2 v a b(g)

'^'''^ ^"^^

V 1 7 m = 3(a + b) = 3 ( + b ) = 14b

m = 2b

'
C4HS,

=> mo = mA - (mc + mH) = 2b -

8b , ,

m^H^%''^''''

D a t C T P T c u a A Id CxHyO,;.
4 2 a + 56b + 70c + 84d

q A

Gpi a , b, c, d (mol) Ian li/dt 1^ so mol cdc hidrocacbon tifdng tfng: C 3 H 6 ,

ta c 6 : m c = 1 2 . n r o T = 1 2 . = ( g )

I w / , ' o i i\i i n ; / ) , y n y b

C d c dong dSng k e Uep c u a n6 \k C4H8, C5H,,,, C^Hu ( M = 84)

T-inA %

V I 3a = 1 l b => mf. =

Vy A l a C3H6,1^ hidrocacbon dau tidn trong cap

d5i vdi khong k h i nho hdn 3).

"

M , = 12x + y = 4 2
ychin

H 2 O . B i e t 3 a = 1 l b v a 7 m = 3(a + b). T i m C T P T c u a A . (biet l i khoi hdi c u a A

'

V a y : a , = 1 4 ( 4 - 0 = 42

%VC6H,2=xl00%
14a

H a y 1 . 5 . 1 4 n ( n - 1) = 252 = > 2 1 n , ^ - 2 1 n i - 2 5 2 = 0
=> n = 4 (nhan) v a n = - 3 (loai)

=> S = l,5na, = 252

(1)

(2)

^M-VrOj'
/: . "^CJ^U/

b
_A
ib- -8b^ = 1o - oi '18= 3*:i4': 2
. .

=> X : y : z =
^

K ,

T2'9'9.16

1 2 ' 9 18

=> Cong thuTc nguyen ciia A la (C3H402)n

Matkhdc:MA<87

7 2 n < 8 7 => n < 1 . 2 1

Ma n nguyen =5. n = 1 =^ C T P T cua A la: C3H4O2

,j

Phan dgng va phuong phap giSi H6a hpc 11 HOu co - B5 Xuan Htfng
Bai 14. Dot c h a y h d p c h a t hiJU c d A (chuTa C, H, O) p h a i d u n g 1 li/dng o x i b a n g 8 Ian lUOng
oxi

c6

mco2

trong

va

thu dUdc

: mHjo = 22 : 9 . Biet ti k h o i

lu-dng

C O 2 va

hdi c u a

H 2 O theo

so vdi H 2

le

la 29. Tun C T P T

khoi
cua

lUOng

X.

Cfiu 4. Do't chdy hoan toan 5,2 gam hdp chat huTu cd X roi cho san pham chdy Ian
lifdt qua binh (1) di/ng H2SO4 dam dac, binh (2) chu"a nifdc voi trong diT, thay
blnh (1) tang ISn 1,8 gam, binh (2) thu diTdc 15 gam ket tua. Khi hoa hdi 10,4
gam A thu di/dc mot the tich dung bang the tich cua 3,2 gam oxi trong cung dieu

Gia suf chat hffu c d A chiy sinh ra 22g CO2 v a 9g HzO:'-''-* *

, = > m c = 1 2 . n c o 2 = 12.=

44

'

kien nhiet dp dp suat. V$yc6ng thu'c phan tuTcua A 1^:

A. C5H12O2

6(g)

B. C 3 H 4 O 4

C. C 7 H 4 O 6

'i 'i/i i *
D. C ; H S 0 3

c a u 5. Khi d^t chdy hoan toan 100ml hdi cha't B can 250ml oxi, tao ra 200ml C O 2
va 200ml hdi niTdc (cac the tich do d cung dieu ki?n). Vay cong thu'c phan lij

mH = 2.nH20=2.-j^=l(g)

cua B la:
Theo djnh luat hio tohn nguyen to la cO:
modrongA) + mophintfng =

, : ,

^,,,, ,. v;,:

A. C 2 H 4 O 2

mO(trongC02)

"'OltrongH2O)

=i
"O

C. C 2 H 4 O

D. C 3 H 6 O

c a u 6. Do't chay hoan toSn 3,5 gam mpt hidrocacbon thu difdc 10,68 gam khi

= (22 - 6) + (9 - 1) = 24 (g)

Ma mopha.g = 8.mo,..gA, hay

B. C 3 H 4 O 4 '

J^'i' ::-j-f,->V;!S5
mo(.,gA, = ^

(g)

'4^&.:J'9

phaniJng' ' ' O v . . - S'.'C.i., ....

D$t CTPT cua A l a QHyO,tac6:

= ^

cacbonic va 5,25 gam niTdc. Khoi liTdng oxi can diing de dot chdy la:
A. 6,21gam,;

B . 11,04 gam

C. 12,43 gam

D. 12,73 gam

c a u 7. Dot chdy hoan toan 0,366 gam chat hiJu cd X, thu du-pc 0,792 gam CO2 v^
0,234 gam H2O. Mat khdc phan buy 0,549 gam X do thu difdc 37,42cm^ nitd (do

"r

d 27C va 750 mmHg), biet trong phan tuf cua X chi chiJa 1 nguyen tijf nitd. Vay
12 1 "16

12 T

9.16

2'r6

. ^ Cong thiJc nguyen c,5a A la (C3H.O) ' ;,,eUV.r4v-.iM

Ma M , = 29.2 = 58 => 58n = 58 :=> n = 1
' ,
,
.
VayiCTPTcuaAlaCjHfiO
, .^^^..^

cong thu'c phan tuf cua X la:

/ . ( M f
^^^^,^ . ^

A.C9H13O3N

B.C9H15O2N

C.CyHi303N2

D. C K H 1 2 O 3 N

c a u 8. Dot chay 400 ml mpt hon hdp gom nitd va mpt hidrocacbon Y 3 the khi
bing 900 ml khi oxi (dif). The tich hon hdp thu dUdc sau khi dot la 1,4 lit. Sau
khi ngu-ng tu hdi niTdc thi the tich hon hdp con 800 ml, tiep tuc dan qua dung

BAI TAP TRAC NGHI|;M

dich KOH thay con 400 ml khi. Biet rkng cac khi do d cilng dieu ki?n nhi?t dp,

c a u 1. Mpt chat heru cd X khi d trang thai hdi c6 ti khoi hdi so vdi chat hd^i cd Y la
2. Biet 2,2 gam chat Y c6 the tich b^ng the tich ciia 1,6 gam oxi trong ciang dieu
ki?n nhi?t dp, ap suat. Vay ti khoi cua X doi vdi C H 4 la:
A. 11

B. 10 .

C.6

C a u 2. Dot chay hoan toan 4,64 gam mpt hidrocacbon X (chdt khi a d'lhu kien
thuong) r6i dem toan bp san pham chay hip thy h^t vao binh dung dung djch
Ba(0H)2. Sau cac phan irng thu dugc 39,4 gam k^t tiia va khoi lugng phin dung
djch giam bat 19,912 gam. Cong thirc phan tCr cua X la
A.C3H4.
B. CH4.
'
^: ^ ' C.
Q^^^.
i,, '
" Trich di thi tuyin sinh Dai hgc khoi A nam 2012"

'nm'i..

c a u 3. Nicotin cd trong thuoc la la mot hdp chat rat doc, c6 the gay ung thiT phoi.
Dot chdy 16,2 gam nicotin b^ng oxi v^a dii thu difdc 44 gam CO2, 12,6 gam
nifdc va 2,24 lit N2 (dktc). Cho 85 < Mi,.,ii < 230. Cong thiJc phan tuT dung cua

B. C 3 H 4

riici

C. C 2 H 4

D. C 4 H X

A. 3

,.
C.5

B.4

D.7

c a u 1 0 . Do't chdy hodn toan mpt liTdng hidrocacbon X. Hap thu toan bp san
pham chay vao dung dich Ba(0H)2 (dU) tao ra 29,55 gam ket tua, dung djch
sau phan iJng c6 khoi liTdng giam 19,35 gam so vdi dung dich Ba(0H)2 ban
dau. Cong thiJc phan tur cua X Id
A.C3H4.

' - ''^iOslli *

B.C2H6.

'
'^^-'''^^^ C . C 3 H 6 : ' ^ ' - ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ^

y^^^

^ ^ ^ ^ ^.^^

f.^.^^

2070"

c a u 11. Dot chdy hodn todn 0,9 gam hdp cha't hiJu cd A chuTa C,H,0 thu diTdc 1,32
gam C O 2 vd 0,54 gam H2O. Ti khoi hdi cua A so vdi hidro la 90. Vay A cd cong

nicotin 1^:
A.C5H7NO

A. C 2 H 6

Cau9.Sod6ngphancuaC5H,2la:

D.5,5

C^,:f'^mrt

dp suat. Vay cong thu'c cua Y Id:

B.C5H7NO2

C.C,OHMN2

D.CH,H,4N3

'

thu'c phan tuf Id:

A.CeHnOft

B. C,oH,203

C. CH2o04

jin ,

D. CTHifiO,

Phan dgng va phuong ph^p giai H6a hpc 11 HQu cd - D8 Xufln Hung
Cfiu 12. K h i dot cMy 1 lit khi X can 5 lit khi oxi, sau phan tfng thu dUdc 3 lit CO2 va
4 lit hdi nifdc. Biet cdc khi diTdc do d cdng dieu ki#n ve nhi^t dp va dp suS't. Vy
cong thiJc phan tuT cua X la:
A. C 3 H 6

B . CjHx

C . CJHKO

'

D . C3H6O2

2. n c o 2 + " H 2 O ~ 2. n o 2 = 0,464

Bao toSn nguyen to oxi:

TO (1). (2)

n c o 2 = 0,348mol; n H 2 0 = 0'232 mol.

Cflu3,ChonC.

r -< ,

,1,. ; T

,,.. :

O2 (s6 m o l O2 gap doi so m o l can cho phan uTng chdy) 6 139,9"C, dp suat trong
binh la 0,8 atm. Dot chdy hoan toan X sau do diTa ve nhi?t dp ban dau, ap suat

Nicotin c6 cong thtfc cau tao nhiT sau:

trong binh luc nay la 0,95 atm. X cd cong thuTc phan tijf la:
A.C2H4O2.

B.CH2O2.

Cfiu 4, Ta c6 phiMng trinh phan iJng:

D.C3H6O2.

C.C4H8O2.

(Trich de thi tuyen sink dai hoc khoi B)

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 - > CaC03i

CSu 14. Dot chay hoan toan 100 m l hdi chat A , can diing 250 m l o x i , chi tao ra 200
ml C O 2 va 200 m l hdi nifdc (cac the tich khi do d cOng dieu ki?n). Xic

dinh

cong thtfc phan tur ciia A .

A.C2H4

,^ ,

B.C2H6O

C.C2H4O

Cong thifc phan tiy cua X la:

,

C.C3HSO

A. C2H4, C2H4O, C2H4O2.

?!

c. C3HS, C 3 H S 0 , C3HXO2.
Hi'SUMi
cau 1. Ta c6: M x = 2My

r,

\J'

D . CZH^. C Z H S O , C2H6O2. 'I'^f

, . A,! :Jii:jifiuv,

M Y = , 3 2 = 44 = > M x = 2.44 = 88
1.6
,

12x

16z

104

1,8

0,2

3,2

5,2

x = 3;y = 4 ; z = 4,
X

Vay C T P T la C3H4O4 => Chon B .

5.

Goi C T P T cua B Ik CxHyO,

CxHyO,+

.,

HUdNGDlNGlArxa
^,.

100

...

B . C2H4. CzHfiO. CjHfiOj.

I i/ :>

Oud

MA, = i M3 2: ^ = 104

Cfiu
,

(,;00f

m o = 5 . 2 - ( 0 , 2 + 1,8) = 3.2(g)

D.CjHfiOz^"'"'

n^o khi chay cung chi tao CO2 v^ H2O, trong do n^o^: n^^^o = 2 : 3 . CTPT ciia A, B,
,

= . c >'

15

100

Cau 16. Co 3 chat hOU cd A, B, C ma phan t& ciia chijng Ip t h ^ 1 cap so cpng. Bat ci? chat

ClanlUdtla:

+ H2O

mH=7^-2 = 0,2(g)

v^ 4 lit hdi nufdc. Biet cac khi dUOc do d ciing dieu ki?n ve nhi^t dp va ap suat.
B.C3H8

D.CjHfiO

CSu 15. Dot chay hoan toan 1 lit khi X can 5 h't khi oxi, sau phan uTng thu diTdc 3 lit CO2

A.C3H6

_mCaC03^

' '

rMq -^nhb o^

uk')

Oj-J-xCOs+lHjO

100

250

200

200

x = 2; y = 4
u

'..^'''''v'
'
-

'

T a c o : 2,5 = x + | - - | = > z = l = > C h o n C .

CSu 6. A p dung dinh luat bao toSn khdi lifdng:

=> C h p n D .
Cfiu 2 : So m o l BaCOs = 0,2 mol

TOHC + m o 2 = m c o 2 +"1820 =^'"02 = (10,68 + 5 , 2 5 ) - 3 , 5 = 12,43

:<
so mol COj = 0,2 m o l - > khdi liTdng = 8,8 gam

K h o i liA;Jng dung dich giam = khoi liMng k e l tua - (CO2 + H2O)

, 0

T d n g k h o i ItfdngCO2 + H2O = 19,488 =>44.nco2 + 18.nH20= 19,488

Dot X thu diidc C O 2 va H2O.

sfjri ^irf;,, rp

A p dung D L B T K L ta c6 : mx + m o j = m c o j + ^ ^ 2 0

=> C h o n C

Cfiu 7. Goi CT cua X Ih : C x H y O , N

(1)

750 37.42

^ .jsiLiJ*^ .OO'nik^

''

'

"
" ''i

'

''

,,v ,,*,vfc / ; l X;/.;Mfi^^^;:HV't^.^vV^J.o;.; < (

nx = = 7 6 0 1000 =oooi5inol 7,fHr;'^i; s'ro fcf:?r'i!f-,.;. .,>

^
RT
0,082.300
' '

;4i j! r n a ^ q

=> mo2 = nico2 + ^ 2 0 ~ ' " x = 14,848 g => IXQ^ = 0 , 4 6 4 mol

Vflij')

(2)

' "

= > n c : nH = 0,348:0,464 = 3 :4=>XmankinC3H4

CSu 13. Trong mot binh kin chiJa hdi chat hOu cd X (c6 dang CH2n02) mach hcl

'f'

=> V i khi phan tich 0,366g X thi n N , = " ' " " ^ ^ " ' ^ ^ ^ = O.OOlmol
^
0,549

Phan djing

phuang ph^p giSi H6a hpc 11 HOu co - D5 Xuan Hiflig

m = 0,028(g) ; mc = 0,216(g) ; I T I H = 0,026(g);

= 0,096(g)
0,216 0,026 0,096 0,028
,^ ^ ,
x:y:z:t=-^
:
:
:
= 9 13 : 3 1
12
1
16
1
=> Cong thiJc nguyen (C9Hi303N)n.
Do X

D i n qua KOH:

VO,P/,=1VH,O+VCO,~

=>Vo2du= 200ml

U ^

. ,

/ !.(, ,1

+400 = 700ml

'

4,

x = 3;y = 8.

,,^',--.,1'

"
'('5

Matkhac: x + 4 - - = 5=>3 + 2 - - = 5=>z = 0

.H^).!,^.^

V l y X Id C3H8 => Chon B.

The tich cua Y = 400 - 200 = 200ml

, A<,

j ^ ,

2.

Ta c6:

= 200ml
'

O2 ^ x C 0 2 + I H 2 O
4

+Vo2du=400ml

J- .

C.HyO, + x +
.,

16z _ M
a
mQ

Cau 12. Goi CTPT cua X la CxHyO,.

= 1-4

Vcoj = 800 - 400 = 4()0ml

niyf

Chon A. > .'1. ' "1 .

VQ^UU

12x

=i> x = 6; y = 12; z = 6 ^ CTPT : CftHijOg

mot nguyen tu" N n6n C T P T la C9H13O3N => Chon A.

C O

C a u 8. Ta c6: V^^ + Vco2

Khingufngtu: V H 2 o = 6 0 0 m l

CSu 11. Ta C O , dp dung cong thiJc:

Caul3.

O2 - > x C 0 2 + -yH 2 O
2

CH202

/wlfe

^^02
2
3n-2

1 mol

1 i'/iifi r | v '

nC02

mol

+ nH20

n mol

if

'
fit/HQ

n mol

Gid suf c6 Imol X tham gia phan iJng. Theo phifdng trinh phan tfng ta c6:
200

=>x

400

600

'

a'

^i( m / W F ^ ' ) ^ , . )

??.<ir

= 2;y = 6=> Chon A.

3n-2
n02 phan iJng -

,
mOl

no2 bandlu = ^^Y~

-2 = ;(3n - 2) mol

=> Tong so mol cua X va O2 luc dau la: 3n - 2 + 1 = (3n - 1) mol

CHu 9. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

Sau phan iJng chdy va d 139,9C thi H2O dang d the hdi nen tong so mol khi va

CH3
I

CH3-CH-CH2-CH3
CH3

hdi sau phan iJng la:

CH3

=>Chpn A. i,:;,,:v/;-!ri;,::;;;:y: ^
,
29 55
Cau 10. Taco: ng^coj =
=
1 - , . . , ,

CH3-CH-CH3

>
' >
*
0.15mol => nco2 = 0.15mol
,

Matkhac: m d j g i i = mBaco3 - (mco2 + " I H 2 0 )

/ b

um

'

'

i l l ' 4,

I'J

'1

\'At

i'*

u'l''

Nhiet dO bmh tnfdc vd sau khong doi, gia suf t h i tich binh khong doi, ta c6:
0,8
3n-l
=> n = 3
0,95
3
,5n-l
'sau
V|iy CTPT cua X Id C 3 H 6 O 2

=> mco2 + m H 2 0 = mBaC03 ~ "^Jg""^ = 29,55 - 19,35 = 10,2 g

^ ^^^^^ ^

Ma mco2 = 0,15.44 = 6,6 g=i> mH20= 3.6 g=> nH20 = 0.2 mol

=> Dap an D.
Caul4. Tac6sdd6sau:

Ta thay: n^jo > "002 ^ hidrocacbon X la ankan va:

C,HyO,
til

nx = n^jo - nc02 = 0,2 - 0,15 = 0,05 mol

Skhi = nco2 + nH20 + " 0 2 J" = n + n + ^"^ ^ = (3,5n - 1) mol

4 <....

ii

2,502

->

2CO2

+ 2H2O

Cdn ciJ vdo h0 so phan iJng vd dp dung dinh luat bao todn nguyen to, de dang c6
AldC2H40

so nguyen tuf C trong X =

=3

X la C3H8 ^ Dap an D.-

v.

Dap an C.
45

Phan djng \A phudng phip g i i l H6a hpc 11 HiTu co - Pg Xuan Hung

CSu 15: Goi cong thiJc phan ttif cua X \k : C,H0, (z cd the bkng 0)
QHyO, +

(x + ^ - ^ ) 0 2

- > XCO2

K-f)

^HzO

HIDUOCACBON N O

A.T6MTATLfTHUY'T
I.

=> x = 3 v a y = 8
Matkhac: x +

y
4

V$y:XmC3H8=>
n
Caul(.Tac6:-^

= 5 =:>3 + 2 - - = 5 = > z = 0

thanh day dong d^ng ciia ankan.

CH4. C2H6, C j H g . C H 2 + 2 1 $ P

TCf C 4 tr3 d i cd dong phan cau tao.

Danhphdp:

^^^j.,.,,,

j ^,
,.1^:).::.^}^:).

+ Ankan khdng phan nhdnh :

DapanB,

= -

A N K A N ( p a r a f i n ) : CH2+2 (n ^ 1)

'

'

v:

nH20 > "CO,

igii

Ten ankan = ten mach chinh + an .

<

,,

+ Ankan phan nhdnh :

Y ;^ ^.

T6n ankan = s6 chi v i tri nhdnh + ten nhdnh + ten mach chinh + an
=> A , B, C deu no, deu c6 cilng so nguyen tuT C va H . NhiT vay de phan tuT khoi

cua chiing l|ip th^nh 1 cap so cgng thl chiing khdc nhau \i so nguyen tiJ oxi

+ Phan itng the':

trong phan tuf.

.' ^'"'^ '^1 -''''f

''''

"coi
n
"H20

'^^2_> nCOz +
n
T;:T

n+ 1

(n+1)H20

Ujoi

2
= T ^ "

= 2=>

^^"^

'^^"g C 2 H 6 O X . ; , ; ; m fn,

m>

rt
t"

CnH2n+2

xt
t"

(n>3)

V|y: CTPT cua 3 cMt A, B. C l l n IU*?t ^ C 2 H 6 . C 2 H 6 O . CjHfiOa.

, , ,r
f,,,,,

ankan thap

Phan i?ng o x i hda:

R-COONa + N a O H
hO^C

CnH2 + H 2

: M.:i sy?.

f( iS'.J)".'!-!:,.)

anken
... ^ . r ^ , jy,^.^

CH2n+2 +

P h 5 n i J n g d i l u c h e ankan:

\, d 1 ' i h i ^ l ' ^ r

,q^^.m &MiH^\V I . A O J i-'

2
r3n+n

O2

Khi cd xdc tdc thich hdp: C H 4 + O2

*

ChH2b

phan iJng crackinh.

V i C 2 H 6 O X la hdp chaft no nen di^u k i ^ n de t6n tai Ik so nguydn tiJ o x i < so

nguyen turC => x 2 => x = 0; 1; 2.

CaH2a+2

. ,1 '

j . ^ . j

+ PhaniJngtich:
CnH2n+2

'

CH3CI + H C i

C H 4 + CI2

-> phan tfng halogen hda.

J*.^' '''

DStcongthiJctongqudtcua A , B , C i a C H 2 + 20x ( x > 0 )

CH2 + 2 0 x

Tinh cha't hda hoc : phan tfng the', tdch, 0x1 hda.

;i

> nC02 + (n + 1)H20

HCHO + H 2 O
jAfi

R - H + NajCOj
CnHznrf.

(R Ik CH2+,-)
^

'

X I C L O A N K A N : C o H t o (n ^ 3)

Xicloankan la nhOhg hidrocacbon no mach v6ng (g6m mono xicloankan (ddn

v6ng)

poll xicloankan (da v6ng)).

Danhphdp:
T6n xicloankan = s6 chi v i tri nhdnh + ten nhdnh + xiclo + ten mach chinh + an:
Chiiy:
- Mach chinh la mach v6ng.
- Ddnh s^ sao cho tdng c&c s6 chi v i tri cdc mach nhdnh Ik nh6 nhSt.

da

Tinh ch^t hda hoc :

41

KlfAMfiVlET

Phan dgng vS phuong ph^p gl5i H6a hgc 11 HOu c o - B6 XuSn Hung

Phan u-ng the :

, ,

, ^

5^;^,;.^i:/:?^^y,^;.;

a) - C H 3 : hidrocacbon : CFL,
-CsHv : hidrocacbon : C 3 H S

Xiclopentan
+

brom xiclopentan

-C6H13

THIYUHF i i '(M f4C:

Phan u-ng cpng md vong :

/ \

> CH2-CH2-CH2

Br2(dd)

.fi

1,3-dibrompropan

HBr ' - ^

' '
H2 ^

CH3-CH2-CH2-Br
1-brompropan

,:
I

Xiclobutan
+

...rfix-fU

MJ^^q.::fla ^

'
into

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
f

butan

/Ths,

,,gjs#,:Sil'k: v^ukn i t d s

v,/;,,

:.il;:> ,fiHf.:;>,.,AH;:> ,.a ^Ten goi k h d c

. a ,

.^^.J;,.

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

pentan

n-pentan

HJ.M !

CH3-CH-CH2-CH3
I
CH3

2-metylbutan

isopentan

, : ;

isobutan

2-metylpropan.

CH3-CH-CH3

CH3

n&T

- 0

i^n fl'Vi

a) 0 n g vdi propan c6 hai nh6m ankyl la propyl va isopropyl. Hay viet cong thiJc cau

i Sihi\ ^^ , JIMI T I t

tao cua chiing va cho biet b | c cua nguyen tuf cacbon mang hoa tri tif do.
b) Hay vie't c6ng thiJc cau tao thu gon va thu gon nhat cua cac chat sau :

Metylxiclohexan

metylbenzen (toluen)

ri

<^ > i^ir " i ri\ +

isopentan, neopentan, hexan.

2,3-dimetylbutan, 3-etyl-2-metylheptan, 3,3-dietylpentan.

Gidi

Phan u-ng o x i h6a : CH2 + O g

Dieuche:

CH3-(CH2)4-CH3

nCO^ + n H 2 0
fj

* V'
H*^.

+H2.

a) Propyl:

:;

B. P H A N L O A I V A P H O O N G P H A P G I A I C A C D A N G B A I T A P

CH3-CH2-CH2CH3-CH-

<ViA eAng. thi'te emi t^a im gnl llii atihati^ adehmnkati

"^^^^

"'"2^
:

C)

C 4 H H , => C 4 H 9 CH2.2

CH2.,-

b) Q H , 8 => Q H n - * '
:

^^^1' '

(bac 2)

CH3-C-CH3
I
CH,

Hexan:

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHsi..

2,3-dimetylbutan :

CH3-CH-CH-CH3
I
CH3
CH,

3-etyl-2-metylheptan:

CH3-CH-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3

C2H5

,;
,'

j;v'-

C2H5

- C H 3 , -C3H7, -C6H13.
b) Viet c6ng thuTc cau tao cua c^c ankan sau : pentan, 2-metylbutan, isobutan. Cic chat

C T C T thu gon nh^t

Neopentan :

B^infioiiia. * '

d) Q H 2 x ^ = ^ Q H 2 x . 3 - . '

'

CH3-CH-CH2-CH3
I
CH3

a) Viet cong t M c phan tijf cua hidrocacbon tifdng iJng v d i cic goc ankyl s a u f '^^^^

tren c 6 ten goi nao khdc khong ?

' \ii

Isopentan :

IS''*^

b) Ch,fa8C
,.,H..,&:>':^^
d) ChiJa (x + 1) nguydn t)!^C.

(bac 1)

Cong thtfc cau tao

B a i 1. V i e t cong thiJc phan tuf cua ankan va goc hidrocacbon tifcfng i?ng

'

011,11, .K rfl ' j (

CH3

' '
b)

BAI T A P M A U V A BAI T A P N A N G C A O

Propan :C3Hs

Isopropyl:

. ^)Ch^^lOH
c) Chifa n nguyen tur C

.,5

Bai 3.

i { iin Au > M i ^ i i ) / i .

/ r! u r , # 4 * - f i '{.'ii* i ^ f i

Phan u-ng tdch :

a ninfjiit

: hidrocacbon : C 6 H 1 4 .

b)

i ; y > : f B t t J

;^eiVi:l:i v

vjj^;;;)/

3,3-dietylpentan :

CH3-CH2-C-CH2-CH3
C2H5
49

Phan dgng

phuong phAp g i i i H6a hpc 11 HOu cO - D8 Xufln Hung

B a i 4. Difa vao khdi nim dong d i n g hoac difa tren so electron h6a t r i cua cacbon
va hidro. Hay chuTng minh cong thtfc tdng qu^t cua ankan Ik CH2+2.
Gidi
*

Di/a v^o khai n i $ m dong d^ng :

Dong d i n g cua metan : CH*, CaHft, CsHx, C4H10
=>CH4(CH2)x Q + , H 2 , ^
;

i f )....,^rl^

Datn = x

J-i':'-'.;f':^M-,/ J ; ' - .

=n - 1

NensonguyentufH:

'

;,;vyi>i'r''

Difa v^o so electron h6a t r i :

<

Dat so nguyen tuT C 1^ n

il'J-.H'

,
:2,2-dimetylbutan.
-<.m.;:i?M/'vy:J,:' ' /H',

B i i 6. V i e t cong thiJc cau tao cdc chat c6 tdn sau :

a) Xiclopentan

/;

:2,3-dimetylbutan

CH3

vV',;

2x + 4 = 2 ( n - l ) + 4 = 2n + 2

Vay C T T Q cua ankan m CH2+2.

CH3-CH-CH-CH3
I I
CH3CH3
CH3

I
CH3-C-CH2-CH3

b) 3,3-dibrom-5,5,6-trimetyloctan

\''''^---^''''yi^S'ti

c) 3-metyl-3-etylpentan

d) ,1,4-dimetylxiclohexan

e) l-clo-3-xiclopropylpentan

f)

etylxiclohexan

g) l-clo-3-etyl-2-nitroxiclopentan.

=> So electron h6a tri ciia nC 1^ 4n

So lien ket ddn giffa C - C m (n - 1)

a) Xiclopentan:

!'

'

Do do so e h6a tri da suT dung Ik 2(n - 1) (vi m o i li6n ke't ddn diing 2e h6a tri)
I

=> So electron h6a t r i c6n l a i la 4n - 2(n - 1) = 2n + 2 dCing g6p chung vdi

b) 3,3-dibrom-5,5,6-trimetyloctan : C H 3 - C H 2 - C - C H 2 - ( p J : H - C H 2 - C H 3

electron h6a tri cua H tao thanh lien ket cong h6a tri C - H .
=j> So nguyen tuf H la 2n + 2.

V$y C T T Q cua ankan m CH2+2.

^:,
?v

':X, . \: ' , ' " r ' - r j : r - . . ; r .

.
c) 3-metyl-3-etylpentan

b)C5H,2

c)QH,4.

Gidi
a) C 4 H ) o :

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

^/x:-'-'-,',-':*.:

! butan

CH3-CH-CH3

:
.

,,,,,,,^^^^^^^^^^

d) 1,4-dinietylxiclohexan :

-'

f |

' : 2-mctylpropan

CH3

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH-CH2-CH3

^'^

CH3

:pentan
.

'

"''^J->:'-^''^--

CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3

:2-metylpentan
"'^

CH3

'

1 j,;

...,... mm ^'ij^:t c i

'iM '

g) l-clo-3-etyl-2-nitroxiclopentan :
: hexan

CH3-<!:H2-CH-CH2-CH3

CI

": 2,2-dimetylpropan

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

CH3

f) etylxiclohexan : [ ]

CH3
c) CfiHu :

'

i^'^1^ *

: 2-metylbutan

CH3-C-CH3

a,

CH2-CH2-CH-CH2-CH3

e) l-cIo-3-xiclopropylpentan:
b) C5Hi2:

CH3CH3

' Br

CH3
I
'^-^
CH3-CH2-C-CH2-CH3
^^Hs
.

B a i 5. Hay viet cong thiJc cau tao va goi ten theo l U P A C c^c ankan c6 cong thiJc
a)C4H,o

I ^

B&i 7, Hay v i ^ t c6ng thuTc cau tao \k goi ten c^c hidrocacbon no uTng v d i cong thiJc
phSn tuf C 5 H 1 0 .

:3-metylpentan

r,v t.i li i

> ir

thlK\
\

: xiclopentan
CH3

- n<m^ - "
,;*>';;-'.'

: 1,2-dimetyIxiclopropan
51

KHAJgGVDBT

PhSn djng vS phUOng ph^p giSi H6a hpc 11 HOu co - D5 Xufln Hung

: 1,1-dimetylxiclopropan
^^^^

: metylxiclobutan

Gidi
;!

: etylxiclopropan.
Bai 8. Doc ten cac chat iJng vdi cac cong thiJc cau tao sau :
'^^-C2H5

a)

CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH3

,,j

b)

^.^^ ^^^,,^^,_^^^^H3GdeH-CH3

a) CH3-CH2-CH3 + CI2

,,H,>
; , ^J^J-JJU ,|,,,,,.. , j^; y

C H 3 - C H - C H 2 - C H - C H 3 ,^

CH3-CH2-CH-CH-CH3
CH2-<:H2-<H3

CH3

:
d)

CH3-CH-CH2-C-CH2-CH3iij
CH3
CI

b)

CH3-CH2-CH3

d)

CH-H3
CH-CH3

6CO2 + 7H2O

H2

f)

(Viet ehitdi ftlian

(Jiiih ehut hdu h^e eua aitktut, aeSdtuitikatt '

Br2(dd)

>

B A I TAP N A N G

(1,3-dibrompropan) .

CH2-CH2-CH2

CH3-CH2-CH3
^ +

Br2 ^

,H:,)

HBr.

^^;fi:>~li:|^

CH3

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3;
VA

liz'

ifv rs&is

Xiclohexan
, .
B^i 2. Hai chat A, B c6 cung cong thi?c phan tu" C5H12 tdc dung vdi clo theo ti le mol
1 : 1 thi tao ra mot dan xuaft duy nhat con B thi cho bon dan xuat. Yie't cong tiiifc
cS'u tao cua A, B, cac dan xuat clo cua chiing va goi ten.
.j
Gidi
,
.
C5H12 C O cac cong thiJc cau tao sau:
;
, . .
. ; ^

ihig

B A I TAP M A U

+ Ha;::^

/ \

CH3-CH=CH2

Xiclopropan ;,
Br '
c) Khi dan hSn hdp xiclopropan, xiclopentan va H2 di vao trong ong c6 bgt Ni,
nung nong thi chi c6 xiclopropan phan iJng cpng vdi hidro,j:>.. H . ) -f J1 ,

CH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH-CH2-CH-CH3
C2H5

'1 t'> <.H''>'4I''> ^<tl'?

CH3-CH-CH3 + HCl

'"^'^>

G) C6H,4 + -O2

+
e)

1-clopropan

HCl

, CjHs-;,,,., C H 3

CH2-CH3 4
c)

CH3-CH2-CH2CI +

j.|.f)

CAO

B^i 1. Viet phiTdng trinh hda hoc cua cdc phan rfng sau :
a) Propan tac dung vdi clo (theo ti le mol 1 : 1) khi chie'u sang.
b) Tdeh mpt phan tuf hidro tilf phan tuf propan.
c) Dd'tchiy hexan.
d) Khi syc khi xiclopropan vao dung dich brom.
;
e) Dan hon hdp xiclopropan, xiclopentan va hidro di vSo trong 6^ng c6 bpt niken,
nung n6ng.
f) Dun ndng xiclohexan vdi brom theo ti 1$ m o l l : 1.

Theo de ta CO :
' i

* A cdC TC T:

CH3-C-CH3;

CH3-CH-CH2-CH3

CH3 /4 (*,! Qli^>,H ./tri

CH3
I

l>-t.4Hll

CH3-C-CH3
I

"

2,2-dimetylpropan (neopcntan)

=> DSn xug't duy nhat mot Ian the clo : CH3-C-CH2CI
B c6 CTCT : CH3-CH-CH2-H3

. , ; , ,:.

2-metylbutan (isopentan)

.
'i " ' '''

mtAwa

PMn dgng \A phijgng p M p qai H6a hoc 11 HOu co - Dfi Xuan Himg

=> Cic dan xuat mpt Ian the d o :

CH3-CH-CH2-CH2CI

cHj

I I
CH3CI

CH4 + 2O2

CI
CH3 -

r^+.H::

^ .-^

Bai 3. Vi^t phUtfng trlnh gpi ten phan iJng cQa isobutan trong cdc tnfdng hdp sau:
a) Lay 1 mol isobutan cho tac dung vdi 1 mol clo c6 chieu sang.
,, .i^ ,
b) Lay 1 mol isobutan dun nong vdi 1 mol brom.
c) Nupg nong isobutan vdi xQc tac Cr203 de tao thanh C4HX (isobutilen).
d) Dot isobutan trong khong khi.
'
-

Cl'jix ,rufq'/;qokux

.'^i.y.U ofe-f

J'K'

a) CH3-CH-CH3 +CI2

..CH3

CH3-C-CH3

h)

CH3-CH-CH3 + Br:

c)

CH3-CH-CH3

CH3
CH3-C-CH3

CH3

v . ,

Qtd t'Aii lUih

JiDs i:":

=> phan tfng the

'"v:.-

+ HBr

iniiv => ph5n i?ng tach

'iM'> ''^'^

' v ^ i ' A s i 'fi;*;

).4C02 + 5H20. ^

* .

<H;J mh
,

Bai4.

w,-.,

a) Trinh b^y phi/dng phap hda hoc phan bipt hai khi khong m^u propan va
xiclopropan di/ng trong cdc blnh rieng bi?t.
'^--i^O-iU'^'^J^O-rlf^
b) Nhan biet cdc khi sau : CO2. CH4, H2.
a) Dan hai khi di qua dung dich brom c6 m^u v^ng da cam, khi n^o l^m mat
m^u dung dich brom 1^ xiclopropan. Con lai la propan. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
PhiTdng tr\nh phan iJng :
'

/ \ Br2(dd)

>CH2-<:H2-CH2

'

Br
b) Dan ba khi Ian li/dt di qua dung dich niTdc v6i trong (diT), khi nao lam due nUdc
voi trong lk CO2, con lai CH4 va H2.
, . .
:

CO2 + Ca(OH)2

Br

> CaCOj + H2O

sf?

CHCI3

/__(6)_^ ^

CH4

C4H,o

HCHO

AI4C3

C2H2.

^ !

(1)

CHjCOONa + NaOH

(2)

C+ 2H2-^CH4

(3)

C4H,0 ^

Gidi

'\

CH4 + NajCOj ' ' * > '

11

=> phan iJng thg" (1

n ob iimr. '^.I'it 'jk>

13
d) C4H, + y 0 2

+HC1

CH3-C=CH2 + H2

. , s , , ; - . . . . . 'jCHy''I-'-

CHjCOONa
C - ^ - ^

1
1
C I
CH3

Gidi

> 2H2O.

B^i 5. Vi^t c&c phiTdng trlnh phan iJng thifc hi#n chu5i phan tfng sau :

; CH2-CH-CH2-CH3.
,
'

> C O 2 + 2H2O

2H2 + O2

CH3-C-CH2-CH3

.JH . ,,i-r>-!:

CH3-CH-CH-CH3

khi nao lam due nUdc vol trong la CO2, khi ban dau la CR, con lai la H2.

Bot chiy hai khi con lai sau dd dan san pham Ian liTdt di qua nifdc v6i trong diT,

C H 4 + C3H6

(4) A U C 3 + I 2 H 2 O >4Al(OH)3 + 3CH4t h.^:'',i^Mh^t5;

(5) C H 4 + 3 C I 2 - 2 ^ C H C I 3 + 3HC1
(6) C H 4 + O 2 C + 2H2O .ryr'-,^'-v-.''^.-m:'.. nHih ^r(7) CH4 + O2 ^ HCHO + H2O
itjiJ'-'-''
,,liy'!'r^^..

A Jii

(8)
Bai 6.

2CH4-^Jg^C2H2-H3H2.

6ng nghiem A chiJa dung dich KOH, ong nghiem B chiJa dung dich

H2SO4,

ong nghiem C chi?a dung djch KMn04, ong nghiem D chiJa nifdc brom, cho vao
moi ong nghiem dd 1ml octan l^c deu roi de yen. Dif doan hin tiTdng xay ra d
moi ong nghiem va giai thich ?
Gidi

'

Khi cho 1ml octan Ian lifdt vao moi ong nghiem thi khong thay hi^n tUdng gi
xay ra trong tCfng d'ng nghim vi: '
? ,
- d ong A : octan khong cd phan iJng vdi dung dich KOH.
- 6 ong B : octan khong phan itng vdi axit H2SO4.
- 6 ong C : octan khong cd phan iJng oxi hda vdi dung dich KMn04.
- d 6'ng D : octan khong cd phan tJng cgng vdi nifdc brom.
B^i 7. Viet ciic phUOng trlnh phan uTng hda hoc dudi dang cong thiJc cau tao rut gon cua
c5c chat theo cdc day chuyen hda sau (cho biet A2 va A3 la cac san pham chinh).
nu
xt,t , A /
> Cao su buna
^

> C4H7Br

{A2, A3)

55

Phan djing

phuOng ph^p g i i i H6a hgc 11 HOu co - P 8 Xuan Hung

xt, t ,

Ti

xt, t "

'

>> Cao
C a o su
su isopren

> C.H

; ..,;in,-',,uifi a;";^!;;.; , , u . . ; . / Gidi

.n-uij. iihi

Theo sd do ta c6 cdc phifOng trinh phan iJng sau :

*

1'A-.

CnH2n+2 : C4H10

r.. C H 3 - C H 2 - C H 2 - C H 3 ^

N.i'

''.;>'''

(Trich

'' "

TSDH, khoi A)

K h i X = 2 => C2nH4n+2 hay C2nH2.2nf2 la mOt ankan (nhan).

K h i X = 3 => C3nH6+3 (loai) v i H c6 so le.

K h i X = 4 => C4nHsn+4 (loai) v i khong phu hdp v d i hda tri cua cacbon. V i du :
C4Hi2(n= l)loai.

b) CH2n.2 + xCl2

/SI
:1

V i du :

, i V!H.,

CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + H B r (

C2H6 + CI2

V i du :

^ ^1,2
" ' 5 > C H 3 - IC H - < : H < : H 2 ^
^
^
^
Br
(A2)
Cyng

' .1

CH3-CH2-CH-CH3

, ..,..,. , M^.,

.'3

f ft)

CH4 . C2H4.

Cong thiJccCu tao CfiHM :

,
^

+2H2

A4 < ^ " 3

'

f ^ ^ ^ ^ " ' ' " * '

;

>.

-rCH2-CH=C-CH2 4

CH2=CH-C=CH2

^ " y " ' ' > CaH2a.2 + ChH2b (vdi a + b = n)

CH3-CH-CH-CH2 +HC1

"1

CH2=CH-C=CH2

.u,

C3H

C2H5CI + H C l

1$ mol 1 : 1 chi thu diTdc hai dong phan. Gpi ten hai dong phan do.

(A3)

- m n 2 m + 2 *-'5M|2

^':

B a i 9 . Xac dinh cong thiJc cafu tao ciia CfiHu, biet rang k h i tac dung v d i eld theo t i

^ CH3-CH=CH-CH2Br

;/.^'^;:rn':'''i' I ' / '

CH2.2-xClx + xHCl

CH2.2
-(CH2-CH=CH-CH2}
/

V$y A thupc day dong d i n g cua ankan.

J ^ - ^ '

CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2H2

CH2=CH-CH=CH2

''V^.i C H 3 C H 3 C I

m:vMMtQM:>M

ri >

(cao su isopren)

CH3-CH-CH-CH3

+CI2

" CH3CH3

' '

'

l-clo-2,3-dimetylbutan * : i U ' ' i " - ' '

0..'V-.-.-.'-^.'';'^
CHj-CH-C-CHj +HC1

2-clo-2,3-dimetylbutan ,1
I

"4 "111,1

Bai 10. Cho biet C T C T cua pentan trong cac t r i ^ n g hdp sau:
C'iiv orfi'i ,:vi''f'i(i

v^iiii

r f t j i i CI JO'^KI

CH2=CH-C=CH2

+Br2

CH3

n:,,':ii>

-^J^CH2-CH=C-CH2Br
'

l|^#a'^vlyu'i Vi^^^^^^^^^

...Br

CH3 (A,)

3j-*CH2-CH-C=CH2
...

Br

a) Tac dung v d i CI2 (askt) t i le 1:1 cho 4 san pham

( A 5 ) :')io'il}5 | n f e

b) K h i cracking cho 2 san pham.

^firfJ
..^

'

Gidi
Lfng v d i pentan C5H12 c6 cac dang khung C s a u " t i - i i > 1 Si
'lii'iV, v.^ii-tVV:/''^ . i.^^'i

j ^ , } ,5,,^ j , ^ ; ^

(I)
d i n g n^o ?
b) Viet cdc phifdng trinh phan ufng : CH2+2 tac dyng vdi C I 2 (askt), crackinh b^ng

a) (CnH2+i)x

i.'v/xj ;-:,,;.!,

hay CnxHjnx+x.

^r'

dd ^\iiv:-^krk

56

'

/'''i^''

,X::,...'L:,*:L,.

C (2) ^

C (3) '-',e',:.

a) K h i thiTc hien phan tfng the^:

(1) C O 3 v i t r i the ( C 1 , C2, C3)

tao 3 san p h a m (loai)

''I t"' '

(2) C O 4 v i t r i the ( C I , C2, C3, C4) ^ tao 4 san pham (nhan)

(3) C O 1 v i t r i the ( C I hoSc C3) -> tao mpt san p h a m (Ipai)

" .

'

V i so nguyen tuT H trong hidrocacbon luon 1^ s6' chS'n nen

*

Br C H 3 (Av);,^-,,,,,,,

a) Cong thi?c ciia mpt hidrocacbon A c6 dang (CnHzn+i)^. V a y A thupc day dong

nhiet. Cho vi du ?

r'ii.'V

K h i X = 1 ==> CnH2+i : la goc hidrocacbon c6 hda tri 1 (loai) vi A la mpt hdp chat.

V a y C T C T cua pentan la ( 2 ) : 2-metylbutan (isopentan)

Ptpi?:

'
^' ^

Phfln d?ng va phuong phap giai H6a hpc 11 HQu cd - O i XuSn Htmg

J g W A l g f t VWOT

CH2CICH-CH2-CH3

Cho quy tim am Ian Itfdt vao ba khi c6n lai, khi n^o lam quy tim am h6a xanh la

CH3
CH3 - C H - C H j - C H 3 +CI2
CH3

Cho que ddm c6n t^n 66 \ko hai khi c6n lai, khi l^m cho que d6m c6n tSn do

CH3CCI-CH2CH3

bilng chdy m O2, c6n lai m C2H6.

CH3

(*)

CH3CH-CHCI-CH3

(patui

b)

NH3, c6n lai la CzHg, O2.

,

3.

CH3
CH3CH-CH2CH2CI

~ ^Sdi

,1;

, ^

; .

: .x;:'.',::,'"' ,'.
oe ankaitf

xielotuikan

- grinh Htdnh fihdit %

TMngM--

- gft e&ug. Iltite (utkaitf

CTCT cua pentan 1^ (3): 2,2-dimetylpropan (neopentan), ichi cracking chi cho
2 san pham : ^
CH3

.>.;,;. V':;?i?'ai;V)-.v

Srlvj ;lf'f''?i:5--ri,f<iit ;.;;;,) /vyfV';,

o '

CH3-C-CH3
PH

ruvb JUX

xieiemtiuui

r-

( i / . =, ;,.> 4,?L ;;r;;, ta;,. j ; UHV

cracking,t
_
> - C H 2 - C - C H 3 + CH4 , , ^ ^ , M r ; , n 5 : >
. .,H
fv:>...,}; C H 3
"'"^

BAI TAP MAU

Bai 1. CT ddn gian nhat cua 1 ankan \k (C2H5). Hay bi^n luan de tim CTPT cua
chat tr6n.
Cdch 1: CT ddn gian tren la 1 goc ankan h6a tri 1 ttfc c6 kha nSng ket hdp them

a) Viet c6ng thil-c cau tao va goi t6n cdc d6ng phan cua CjHsBrj.
b) Nh$n bi^t cdc cha^ sau : C 2 H 6 , SO2, N H 3 , O^.
Gidi
a) CaHsBrs cd cac dong phan :
CH3-CH2-C-Br

^,

fs':> , H 5 >

GicA 2: CTPT cua ankan tren: (C2H5) = CxH2x+2

=> 2n = X

1,1,3-tribrompropan

Br

CH3-C-CH2-Br

'^>n,'^^';

n = 1 thi s6'H 16 => loai

n = 2 => CTPT ankan la

c-.
,,

C4H,o

Vy CTPT ankan 1^ C4H10

:$'aO!.-'':^-

'vs^iJ,11,

(nhan)

j <

.
j

'

i "

, ,,,

'

Bai 1. Xicloankan ddn v6ng X c6 ti khoi so vdi nitd bJlng 2. Lp cong thiJc phan tuT
cua X. Vie't phiTdng trinh h6a hoc (d dang cong thtfc cau tao), minh hoa tinh chat

1,2,3-tribrompropan

h6a hoc cua X, bie't rJlng X t i c dung vdi H2 (xuc tdc Ni) chi tao ra mpt san

1,2,2-tribrompropan

I ))
( 1

Br
b) C2H6, SO2, NH3, O2

5(

S02 + Br2 + 2H20

>2HBr + H2S04

D | t CTTQ cua xicloankan X : CnH2n

1 !'

Dan bon khi l^n IiTdt di vao dung djch brom, khi n^o lam mat mau dung dich brom
SO2, con lai la C2H6, O2, NH3.

58

u-i. , > .

pham.

Br
I

jj^Jeicfs&iiV>

=>5n<2.2n + 2

Br

CH2-CH-CH2
I M
I ^
Br
Br Br

5n = 2x + 2

=:>n^2

CH2-CH2-CH-Br

'^:f^--: ^my^\i'%'%H

C / f c A i ; Ankan tren phdithoadieukien SO H < 2 . s o C + 2

Br
1.1.2- tribrompropan

=> 5n = 2.2n + 2 => n = 2 => CTPT ankan : C4H10

1.1.1- tribrompropan

CH3-CH-CH-Br
I
I
Br Br

CTPT ankan C4H,,,

vdi 1 goc nhir vay nO-a => n = 2

,.,M:>.

TheodI : Mx = 2 x 2 8 = 56
V

,; .'

' r:[{-H-l'l"''

T a c 6 : 14n = 56 o n = 4
V | y CTPT cua X la C4H8.

. : Slit
v ij; ,3

ftiifkninnT

T'^'

['-'''^-

fntV;.^.

Vi X + H2 (Ni, t") -> mpt sin pham duy nha't nen X c6 CTCT - . [ ^
*

PhiTdng tfinh hoa hoc minh hpa tinh chat hda hpc ciia X :

59