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04.transmission Lines - 05.wave Propagation
04.transmission Lines - 05.wave Propagation
TRANSMISSION LINES
Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter which corresponds to your answer.
1.
b.
c.
d.
7.
slotted line
directional coupler
balun
quarter wavelength transformer
6.
5.
4.
3.
8.
In practice, the transmission lines are almost connected to antennas that have
a _________.
a.
2.
d.
50
10
2
1
When ZL Zo, the power sent down the line toward the load is called the
a.
b.
c.
9.
balun
broadband directional coupler
double stub
single adjustable stub
slotted line
stub
wavetrap
lecher wire
10. The property of a material that determines how much electrostatic energy can
be stored per unit volume when voltage is applied.
a.
b.
c.
d.
permeability
magnetic effect
capacitance
permittivity
11. The value of the total opposition of the transmission media to the flow of
electromagnetic field energy is called
a.
b.
c.
d.
characteristic impedance
velocity factor
standing waves
reflected waves
12. When mismatch is great, this power actually cause damage to the transmitter
or the line itself.
a.
b.
c.
d.
the
the
the
the
incident power
reflected power
power dissipation
carrier power
13. What is the velocity factor for non-foam dielectric 50 or 75 ohm flexible
coaxial cable such as RG 8, 11, 58 and 59?
e.
f.
g.
h.
270
0.10
0.66
0.30
14. The measure of the superiority of a material over vacuum as a path for
magnetic lines of force is
a.
b.
c.
permitivity
permeability
conductivity
d.
resistivity
15. The number of standing waves on the wire is equal to the length of the wire
divided by a half wavelength. The principle which allows antennas to operate
at different frequencies which are integral multiples of the fundamental
frequency is called __________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
harmonic operation
decimonic operation
electromagnetic reverberation
asynchronous operation
16. A coax line has an attenuation of 2.4 dB per 100 ft. The attenuation for 2.75 ft.
is ____ dB.
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.4
4.8
3.3
6.6
17. When a quarter wave stub is used to match a 600 ohm antenna to a line of 52
ohms, the impedance of the matching stub must be ________ ohms.
a.
b.
c.
d.
176
200
150
300
its length
its height above ground
its physical construction
the operating frequency
19. When the diameter of two conductors of a two-wire transmission line is held
constant, the effect of decreasing the distance between the conductors is to
a.
b.
c.
d.
20. Considering a coaxial transmission line, maximum voltage on the line divided
by the minimum voltage equals the
a.
b.
c.
d.
characteristic impedance
ISWR
VSWR
inductive reactance
1:4
b.
c.
d.
4:1
1:2
2:1
negative terminal
input
ground
positive terminal
23. The load is properly matched with the transmission line if the standing wave
ratio is equal to
a.
b.
c.
d.
50
10
5
1
49 ohms
288 ohms
72 ohms
144 ohms
300
316
316.5
361
0
1
1.5
infinity
multimeter
reflectometer
spectrum analyzer
oscilloscope
the
the
the
the
30. A resultant wave due to the combination of incident and reflected wave.
a.
b.
c.
d.
electromagnetic wave
sine wave
standing wave
current
31. For transmission line load matching over a range of frequencies, it is best to
use a
a.
b.
c.
d.
balun
broadband directional coupler
double stub
single stub
32. If the load impedance matches the characteristic impedance of the line, there
are __________ standing waves.
a.
b.
c.
d.
more
less
no
ten (10)
1.67
0.6
6.7
3.67
36. A measure of the mismatch between line and load impedance is called as
a.
b.
c.
d.
reflection coefficient
standing wave ratio
loss
standing waves
capacitive load
resistive load whose resistance is less than characteristic
impedance
resistive load at the resonant frequency
resistive load whose resistance is greater than the characteristic
impedance of the line
zero
one
100
infinite
1.2:1
1:2.1
2:1
1:2
4
3
2
0.5
212
450
600
150
reflection coefficient
standing wave ratio
loss
standing waves
48.Termination means
a.
b.
c.
d.
49.When transmission line uses ground return, it is called a/n _______ line.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
length
conductor diameter
conductor spacing
thickness of armor
46. The ratio of the reflected voltage to the incident voltage on the transmission
line is termed as
a.
b.
c.
d.
52.The characteristic impedance of a transmission line does not depend upon its
c. 7.251 x 10exp-6
d. 5.217 x 10exp-6
ungrounded
unbalanced
grounded
balanced
a.
b.
c.
d.
100 ohms
65 ohms
75 ohms
50 ohms
209.28
310.5
150.28
450.82
zero
infinity
one
negative
b. 1 and 0.666
c. 2 and 0.666
d. 1 and 0.333
58.It is required to match a 200 ohm load to a 300 ohm transmission line to reduce
the SWR and attain resonance. A quarter wave transformer used, directly
connected to the load has a Zo of ______ ohms.
a.
b.
c.
d.
245
425
524
254
59.What quarter wave transformer will match a 100 ohm-line to an antenna whose
value is 175 ohms?
a.
b.
c.
d.
150 ohms
137.5 ohms
132.29 ohms
16.58 ohms
using an LC network
adjusting antenna length
using a balun
adjusting the length of the transmission line
61.A pattern of voltage and current variation along a transmission line not
terminated in its characteristic impedance is called
a.
b.
c.
d.
an electric field
radio waves
standing waves
magnetic field
0
1
2
infinity
zero
0.5
1.
Infinity
c. insulators
d. resistors
65. What is the reflection coefficient of a 100 ohm characteristic impedance line
and a 300 ohm load?
a.
b.
c.
d.
0. 25
0.3
0.5
0.75
66.The minimum voltage along a transmission line is 260 volts, while the
maximum is 390 volts. The SWR is
a.
b.
c.
d.
0.67
1.0
1.2
1.5
RG-8/U
Single line wire
Twin-lead
Microstrip
a short circuit
a complex impedance
an open circuit
a pure reactance
increases
the
velocity
along
the
d.
air
85
63
50
75
ohms
ohms
ohms
ohms
below 2 GHz
at 300 MHz
above 10 kHz
above 10 GHz
b.
c.
d.
Inductance
and capacitance
factor
Velocity
Characteristi
c impedance
Propagation
velocity
75.The main disadvantage of the two-hole directional coupler is
a.
b.
directional coupling
directivity
c.
d.
low
poor
high SWR
narrow
a.
b.
c.
d.
Zo
Zo
Zo
Zo
=
>
<
=
ZL
ZL
ZL
0
dimensions
d.
bandwidth
a.
b.
c.
d.
Unbalanced line
Open-wire line
Balanced line
Coaxial line
80.For maximum absorption of power at the antenna, the relationship between the
characteristic impedance of the line Zo and the load impedance Zl should be
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
78. A transmission line consisting of two conductors that have equal resistance per
unit length.
Inductance
Capacitance
Physical
Length
82.In the study of transmission cable, twin lead is also referred to as a __________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Twisted pair
Double cable
Ribbon cable
Open pair
0.685
1
1.46
2.92
Velocity factor
Standing-wave ratio
Reflection coefficient
Line efficiency
d.
100
164
300
328
92.To prevent radiation losses and interference from external sources, the inner
conductor of this transmission line is completely enclosed with a metal sheath
or braid.
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
a.
b.
c.
d.
86.An open quarter-wave line at the operating frequency acts like a(n)
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
d.
b.
Capacitor
Inductor
Series
resonant circuit
antenna
coupler
resonant circuit
transformer
c.
Modulated
Amplified
Attenuated
Boosted
RF signal
the signal
energy for the desired distance
d.
Amplify
the
Modulate
One
Both A and
of
Series resistance
Series inductance
Shunt capacitance
Shunt conductance
Carry the RF
All
Coaxial cables
Open-wire transmission lines
Optical cables
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
d.
the
above
91.These conductors are uniformly spaced by insulators. They have low losses at
low and medium frequencies and are economical to construct and maintained.
a.
b.
c.
Conductors
95.The distributed parameters of the transmission line are: the series resistance;
the series inductance; the shunt capacitance and the shunt conductance.
What parameter was determined due to dielectric losses?
b.
a.
d.
Parallel
88. At UHF and microwave frequencies, transmission lines are commonly used as
a.
b.
c.
d.
c.
Both
conductors carry currents that flow in opposite directions
resonant circuit
a.
b.
c.
d.
Coaxial cable
Open-wire transmission lines
Optical cables
Waveguides
87.A shorted half-wave line at the operating frequency acts like a(n)
a.
b.
c.
Waveguides
Conductors
were closed to each other
and diameter of the conductors
losses
length
Dielectric
Flux
linkages
a.
b.
c.
d.
The
Characteristic
impedance
is
determined by its physical structure
Inductive reactance is much more than
the resistance
Capacitive reactance is much larger
than the shunt conductance
Both B and C
a.
b.
c.
d.
Kept constant
Decreased
Increased
halved
Mark-Space Layers
Davidson-Miller Layers
Kenelly Heaviside Layers
Maxwell Layers
Characteristic impedance
Load impedance
Intrinsic impedance
Wave impedance
4. The field strength of a radio signal varies according to the output or transmitted
power and the distance of the receiver from the transmitter. This wave
behavior is described by
a.
b.
c.
d.
5. The antenna theory which states that reception and transmission functions are
interchangeable is
a. Poynting Theorem
b. Snells Law
c. Huygens Principle
d. Law of Reciprocity
6. The frequency band where electromagnetic waves travel in straight path or in a
direct line of sight between the transmitter and receiver antenna is
a.
b.
c.
d.
ELF
HF
VLF
VHF and above
Sky Wave
Tropospheric Wave
Transionospheric Wave
Ground Wave
Ground Waves
Surface Waves
Sky Waves
Space Waves
9. The ground wave eventually disappear as it moves farther away from the
transmitter, because of
a.
b.
c.
d.
Tilting
Reflection
Refraction
Diffraction
10.As electromagnetic waves travel in free space, only one of the following can
happen
a.
b.
c.
d.
Absorption
Attenuation
Refraction
Reflection
a.
b.
c.
d.
12.If the direction of the electric field of a radio wave is horizontal, that wave is
known to be __________ polarized.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Negatively
Vertically
Positively
Horizontally
c.
Snells Law
Maxwells Law
Huygens Principle
Archimedes Principle
Inductance
Permitivity
Permeability
Power density
d.
Tilting
Ground
absorption
Atmospheri
c absorption
Surface
wave propagation
21.The transmission of radio waves far beyond line of sight distances by using
high power and large transmitting antennas to beam the signal upward into
the atmosphere and a similar large receiving antenna to pick up a small
portion of the signal scattered by the atmosphere is called
15.A number, which when multiplied by the speed of light in free space gives the
speed of light in the medium in question is
Fibonacci Number
Fermats number
Velocity Factor
K-factor
16.The ability of a radio wave to be bent slightly over the edge of a sharp obstacle
such as a steep hill or mountain top is
a.
b.
c.
d.
Diffraction
Reflection
Refraction
Attenuatio
n
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Constellation diagram
Argand Diagram
Funicular Diagram
Radiation Pattern
Miller Effect
Permeability
Capacitance
Permitivity
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
13.The property of a material that determines how much electrostatic energy can
be stored per unit volume when voltage is applied.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Sky wave
Radio wave
Surface wave
Line-of-sight propagation wave
a.
b.
c.
d.
Optimum height
Virtual height
Complex height
Critical height
23. The highest frequency whereby a wave will be returned back to earth by an
ionospheric layer after having been beamed up at it and ranges from 5 to 12
MHz. For F2 Layers. This frequency is directly proportional to the secant
function of the smallest angle, which allows reflection of sky waves.
a.
b.
c.
Apex frequency
Critical frequency
Carrier frequency
d.
Baseband frequency
24.The distance at which sky-wave signals are reflected back to earth depends on
a.
b.
c.
d.
height
of
The takeoff
Both a and
Conductivit
y of the soil
26.The process by which a radio wave is bent and returned to earth from one
medium to another after striking them is
a.
b.
c.
d.
27.An incident, traveling obliquely from one medium to another, will undergo a
change in direction if the velocity of the wave in one medium is different from
that in the other and the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine
of the angle of refraction is the same ratio of respectively wave velocities in
these media. This law is called
Snells law
Fishers Law
Hookes law
Newtons Law
D layer
E layer
F layer
Vantress
layer
29.This phenomenon occurs when the thicker air is on top instead of being at the
bottom when the temperature or water vapor gradient is lesser or greater
than the standard rate.
a.
b.
c.
Thermal Inversion
Horizontal Ducting
Elevated Ducting
Pressure
Temperature
Humidity
All of these
32.This ionospheric layer forms at night at about 300 kms from the earths surface
and is responsible for long distance HF wave propagation due to reflection and
refraction. It splits during daytime due to the ionizing energy from ultraviolet
rays of the sun.
D layer
E layer
F layer
Vantress layer
33. When the transmitting and receiving antennas are line-of-sight of each other,
the mode of propagation is __________ wave.
a.
direct
b.
c.
d.
Space
or
Sky
Surface
ground
34.Power density is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the
source or transmitter to the destination or receiver. This law is called:
28.The lowest layer of the ionosphere which exists between 50 to 90 km from the
earths surface and reflects VLF and LF waves while absorbing MF and HF
waves during daytime is the
a.
b.
c.
d.
D-layer
E-layer
F layer
Vantress layer
a.
b.
c.
d.
Reflection
Refraction
Diffraction
Absorption
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
d.
Sporadic E
30.An ionospheric layer, which exists between 90 to 120 km above the earths
surface and is about 25 km thick. It aids MF surface propagation while
reflecting some HF during daytime.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Coulombs Law
Law of Universal Gravitation
Inverse Square Law
Lenzs Law
6
2
8
4
Sporadic E
Dillinger Effect
Faraday Rotation
Scintillations
attenuation
microbending
dispersion
multipath fading
Wave propagation
RF Induction
Radio Frequency Interference
Forward Scatter
39.The upper limit of frequencies that can be used at a specified time for radio
transmissions between two points and involving propagation by reflection
from regular ionized layers of the ionosphere is
a. maximum usable frequency
b. optimum traffic frequency
c. minimum usable frequency
d. carrier frequency
40.Waves whose oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of propagation are
called
a.
b.
c.
d.
Huygens waves
Transverse waves
Longitudinal Waves
Fraunhoffer Waves
SIDs
Fading
Atmospheric storms
Faraday rotation
a.
b.
c.
d.
44.Distances near the skip distance should be used for sky-wave propagation
a.
b.
c.
d.
To avoid tilting
To prevent sky-wave and upper ray interference
To avoid the Faraday effect
So as not to exceed the critical frequency
45.The ground wave eventually disappears, as one moves away from the
transmitter, because of
a.
b.
c.
d.
Is caused by reflection
Is due to the transverse nature of the waves
Results from the longitudinal nature of the waves
Is always vertical in an isotropic medium
Their frequency
Their distance from the transmitter
The polarization of the waves
The polarization of the atmosphere
a.
b.
53.The region around an electrically charged body in which other charged bodies
are acted on by an attracting or repelling force.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Electric field
Radiation field
Magnetic field
Electromagnetic field
field
Ray
Wavefront
Point
source
Isotropic
source
Ray
Wavefront
Point source
Isotropic source
d.
Power
density
Refractive
index
Absorption
coefficient
Resistance
Field intensity
Characteristic impedance
A or C is correct
a.
b.
c.
d.
Inductance
Power density
Magnetic field intensity
Permitivity of the medium
61.A reduction in power density due to the inverse-square law presumes freespace propagation is called
a.
b.
c.
d.
attenuation
attenuation of the wave
Absorption
Wave
Space
B or C is
correct
63.What is diffraction?
57.Refers to the rate at which energy passes through a given surface area in free
space.
a.
b.
c.
d.
c.
Field
intensity
58.It is the intensity of the electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave
propagating in free space.
Field instensity
Power density
Refractive index
Absorption coefficient
a.
b.
c.
d.
where d is the depth of the surface irregularity and is the wavelength of the
incident wave.
A or C is right
Smaller
Higher
Variable
A dielectric
b.
c.
d.
66.Whay is it that rays traveling near the top of the medium travel faster than
those at the bottom?
a.
b.
c.
d.
bottom
When
an
incident wave strikes a boundary of two media, and some of the incident
power does not enter the second material.
When the
reflective surface is irregular or rough
When two
or more electromagnetic waves combine in such a way that the system
performance is degraded.
A and B
Rayleigh criterion
Huygens principle
Linear superposition
Reflection coefficient
70. Energy that has neither been radiated into space nor completely transmitted.
a.
b.
a.
b.
c.
d.
c.
d.
Modulated
waves
Captured
waves
Standing
waves
Incident
waves
Reflection
Refraction
Diffraction
Interference
Isobaric source
Isotropic source
Isentropic source
Isothermal source
300,000
km/sec
b.
c.
d.
200 km/sec
400,000
km/sec
100,000
km/sec
74.Any space or region wherein a magnetic force is exerted on moving electric
charges.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Electric field
Radiation field
Magnetic field
Electromagnetic field
Measures
b.
c.
d.
Measures
Measures
power density, magnetic field intensity, and electric field intensity
All of the
above
76.Reflection of waves
a.
b.
c.
d.
b.
wave
wave
c.
d.
Ground
Space
Sky wave
All of these
Gradient density
Electric field intensity
Absorption coefficient
Magnetic field intensity
Power
Terrain
Frequency
B and C
82.The curvature of the earth presents a horizon to space wave propagation which
is approximately 4/3 that of the optical horizon.
a.
b.
Standard atmosphere
Optical horizon
a.
b.
c.
d.
84.Any
d.
a.
Ground-wave propagation
b.
Space-wave propagation
c.
Sky-wave propagation
d.
All of these
78.At frequencies below 1.5 MHz, what propagation provides the best coverage?
Radio horizon
All of these
a.
b.
c.
a.
c.
d.
85.A special condition which occurs when the density of the lower atmosphere is
such that electromagnetic waves are trapped between it and Earths surface.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Duct propagation
Sky-wave propagation
Space-wave propagation
Ground-wave propagation
Increase
Decrease
Remain constant
Decrease by a factor of 2
of
propagation
causes
a/an
__________
of
the
Increasing refraction
Decreasing reflection
Increasing diffraction
Decreasing interference
88.What layer has its maximum density at approximately 70 mi at noon, when the
sun is at its highest point?
a.
b.
c.
d.
D layer
E layer
Kennelly-Heaviside layer
B or C
89.The sporadic E layer is a thin layer with a very high ionization density. It is
considered separately from the other layers and when it appears, gives an
unexpected improvement in long-distance radio transmissions. What cause(s)
its unpredictable appearance?
a.
Sunspot activity
b.
c.
d.
Sunspot cycle
Solar flares
A and C
90.The region in the ionosphere with a very high ionization density at roughly 55 to
90 miles and is used for frequencies up to about 20 MHz. It is gone
completely by midnight.
a.
b.
c.
d.
D layer
E layer
F layer
G layer
91.A layer in the ionosphere which is the most important reflecting medium for HF
radio waves. It has 2 sublayers, at 90 to 250 mi height.
a.
b.
c.
d.
A layer
D layer
E layer
F layer
92.The apparent height of the ionized layer and is always greater than the actual
height.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Critical height
Virtual height
Maximum height
Imaginary height
Relative frequency
Optimum frequency
Resonant frequency
Maximum usable frequency, muf
95.In __________, the distance of each succeeding hop from earth to ionosphere
and back is also the skip distance.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Hop transmission
Single transmission
Unihop transmission
Multihop transmission
96.Concerns to the single reflection of a radio wave from the ionosphere back to
earth.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Jog
Hop
Skip
Fading
97.The fluctuation of signal strength at the receiver that are caused by changes in
the transmission medium.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Fading
Hopping
Skipping
Diversity
Fading techniques
Diversity techniques
Transverse techniques
Transmission techniques
Diversity
Space diversity
Frequency diversity
Polarization diversity
100.To increase the availability of the system, a method in which the output of a
transmitter is fed to two or more antennas that are physically separated by an
appreciable number of wavelengths.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Space diversity
Frequency diversity
Polarization diversity
Space wave propagation