Standards:

2. A. 1: d3-5: d. Organisms use free energy to maintain organization, grow

and reproduce.
-3. There is a relationship between metabolic rate per unit body mass and the size
of multicellular organisms generally, the smaller the organism, the higher the
metabolic rate.
- 4. Excess acquired free energy versus required free energy expenditure results in
energy storage or growth.
-5. Insufficient acquired free energy versus required free energy expenditure results
in loss of mass and, ultimately, the death of an organism.
2. A. 1:b1-3: b. Living systems do not violate the second law of
thermodynamics, which states that entropy increases over time.
-1. Order is maintained by coupling cellular processes that increase entropy
(and so have negative changes in free energy) with those that decrease
entropy (and so have positive changes in free energy).
-2. Energy input must exceed free energy lost to entropy to maintain order
and power cellular processes.
-3. Energetically favorable exergonic reactions, such as , that have a negative
change in free energy can be used to maintain or increase order in a system
by being coupled with reactions that have a positive free energy change.
3. B. 2: a: a. Signal transmission within and between cells mediates gene
expression
-Cytokines regulate gene expression to allow for cell replication and division.
Summary:
Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction because they are proteins that
act as biological catalysts. They help maintain the cellular process that maintains
entropy. Enzymes help regulate the metabolism of an organism. Temperature, Ph.,
salinity, and cofactors affect enzymes.

Reflection:
I didnt really understand enzymes at all. I would to study them further in order to
grasp how they help an organism. I did understand how temperature, Ph., Salinity,
and Cofactors affect enzymes. Increases in temperature can cause collisions in the
enzymes is an example of how temperature can affect an enzyme.