1.

) Distance formula:

y 2 y1

d=
(x 2x 1)2 +

2.) Midpoint formula:

I. Derivation

xmx 1
x 2x 1

1
2

ym y 1
y 2 y 1

1
2

II. Midpoints of variables

3.) Slope of a line

m = tan or m =

y 2 y 1
x 2x 1

or m =

A
B

; where m is the slope

4.) General Equation of lines

Ax + By + C = 0

Horizontal lines -> Y = a (0)

Vertical lines -> X = b (0)

I. Parallel lines (line1 // line2)

Ax + By + C1 = 0
Ax + By + C2 = 0
Slope of parallel lines -> m1 = m2 =

A
B

where: m1 = slope of line 1

m2 = slope of line 2

II. Perpendicular lines (line 1 line 2)

Ax + By + C1 = 0
Bx + Ay + C2 = 0

1
Slope of perpendicular lines -> m1 = - m2

where: m1 = slope of line 1

m2 = slope of line 2

5.) Standard forms

I. 2 point form (if 2 points are given)

yy1
xx 1

y 2 y 1
x 2x 1

yy 2
xx 2

note: only use any of the 2 givens

II. Point-slope form (if point and slope are given / if slope can be driven from equation)
Y Y1 = m ( X X1 )

where m is slope

III. Slope intercept form (if slope and intercept are given/can be driven from equation)
Y = mx + b

where m is slope
b is y-intercept

IV. Intercept form (where both intercepts are given/can be driven from equation)
X
a

y
b

=1

where a = x-intercept
b = y-intercept

V. Normal Form
X

A
+ A 2 +B 2

VI. Point to a Line

+Y

B
+ A 2 +B 2

=-

C
+ A 2 +B 2

Ax 1+ By 1+C
A 2+ B 2

where

A
+ A 2 +B 2

= cos

B
+ A 2 +B 2

= sin