> MAIN IDEAS > N Queen Hatshepsut ruled a5 pharach and expanded trade during the New Kinadom. Aenatn wed to change feyptan religion by replacing the old gods wt cone god called Aton. Ramses 1 ruled Egypt for decades and created a stable empire Wi TAKING NOTES Reading Skil: Explaining Chronological Order placing event in sequence means puting them im order based on the te they happened. As you read Tesson 4. not things that happened othe rears 0 the pharaohs discussed, Create ate elke the one below to put evens in odes. and Sequence GI satbucer Handbook page 95 f a prificance 23 denen tn ctor, FQucntaen oo Fayre 172 » Chapter 5 A ing To ts rhs ard are found the tomb ‘tora In 52 The Inumy was protected by geld mas esr? Students construct. ‘SFrctines of key ever ru periods of te his ey ae sno The New Kingdom Build on What You Know You read a litle about the dazzling reign of Ramses Il in Starting with a Story, He was a powerful pharaoh of the New Kingdom @ ESSENTIAL QUESTION What was the significance of Queen Hatshepsut's rule? The New Kingdom included some of Egypt's most powerful rulers. These pharaohs set up a new capital city of Thebes, 450 miles south of the old capital at Memphis. They strengthened Egypt by expanding the empire. (Queen Hatshepsut (hateSHEHPesoot) was the first woman to rule as pharaoh. She was the wife of a pharaoh who died soon after he ‘ook power, Hatshepsut then ruled with her stepson, Thutmose IIL (thooteMOHesuh). In 1472 ne he declared herself the only ruler. She wore a false beard reserved for pharaohs alone. Unlike other New Kingdom pharaohs, Hatshepsut did not only expand Egypt by waging ‘war She also wanted to make Egypt Ticher through trade. Her biggest ‘trading expedition crossed the eastern desert to the Red Sea. Large Ships sailed south to an African land called Punt (poont). Traders brought back rare herbs, spices, Scented woods, live monkeys, and Potted trees for making incense DP Tenms & names Hatshepsut obelisk Ramses 1 Matshepsuts Temple ‘Queen Hatshepsut had this temple constructed to honor tell. It ws Ancient Egypt ° 173ynuments Like other pharaohs, H ‘One type of monument juhelihsk).An Hatshepsut’s Mo ‘was eager to proclaim her glory She erected was the obelisk (AHB* fourside shat witha Py" atshepsut had tall obel athe anise wed MtoesE Mysterious End Afier ruling 15 ‘She may have died peacefully, or her. After her death, Thutmose festroy all records of Hatshepsut’ re . estoy a eologiats restored her damaged temp ‘Thutmose III may hav because (GESTED Hi ci Hatshepsut vy to make ayo che? ‘A Reforming Pharaoh @ EssenTIAL QUESTION How dd As yu ead earfie, the Egyptians bel suffering In spite of this, one pharaoh is believed that AFRICA es (174 Chapter 5) jatshepsut age 155.) ‘amid-shaped top. (See page 1 ks carved from blocks of red granite (0 record her great deeds. years, Hatshepsut disappeared ve killed ied to ‘became pharaoh and tri eign. We know about her and tomb. Akhenaton try to change Egyptian religion? angry gods caused dared to defy the gods. coRariy si irene MAP ovement Ho to ANew Belief When Akhenaton (atiekuheNAHTen) became pharach in 1353 m0, he lifted a sun god called Aton to the highest status, He then closed the temples of other gods. In this Way, he promoted the worship of one god for the first time in Egyptian history Priests who served the other gods suddenly lost power. They became furious. They also feared that the pharaoh’s actions had angered the old gods. To avoid conflict with those priests, Akhenaton moved about 200 miles away from them to a new capital city called Akkhetaton (ariekuh*TAHTen). Realistic Art Akhenaton’s new ways of thinking affected art. As Lesson 3 explained, Egyptian artwork usually tried to show perfect beauty. Under Akhenaton, that changed. For the first time, a pharach was shown realistically. For example, carvings of Akhenaton show his large stomach, y Reform Ends Akhenaton’s new religion did not last long, Three years after his death, a young relative named Tutankhamen (I00T*ahngeKAHemuhn) became pharaoh in 1333 8. This boy relied on advisers to help him rule Egypt. They convinced Tutankhamen to reject the new religion and worship Mert srs ose the old gods. ‘of Akbenatons wife, Nefertit (WenteubeTEEtee, (CEUEDD Whar reforms di Akhenaton make? A Powerful Pharaoh ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did Ramses I expand Egypt? In 1279 Be, 44 years after Tutankhamen died, Ramses I (RAMestez) took the throne. His 66-year reign was among the longest in history, He expanded the Egyptian empire Empire Builder Unlike Hatshepsut, Ramses II—also called Ramses the Great—wanted to make Egypt powerful through War, Under Ramses’ rule, Egypt extended its territory south into the African kingdom of Nubia. The empire also stretched to the eastern rim of the Mediterranean Sea. There it bordered the Empire of a people called the Hittites, ‘Ancient Egyptva Simbel Four int statues of Ramses guarded is temple at Abu Sibel, wich was weap the tle Each statue was 35 all a sstory bling The Egyptians and Hittites had long been enemies. Soon after he became pharaoh, Ramses led an army sito battle against the Hittites. Nobody really won the battle, but Ramses claimed victory. His real success came after the battle The teeaty he negotiated with the Hittites was the first known peace treaty in world history. Ramses was bold in honoring himself. He ‘of Ramses. Four 66-foot statues Bales eae he House ft catues’ ears were three feet of himself guarded his temple. The st Tong! Unlike Akhenaton, Ramses did not want his statues to show how he really looked. He wanted to appear godlike. Ramses {I reigned until 1213 8, when he was more than 90 years old. Having one ruler for 66 years made the Egyptian government stable. His reign was also a time tables mall fof peace. After the treaty with the Hittites, no enemy nai threatened Egypt while Ramses ruled io Life was ealm and happy in other ways too, The Nile flooding was even more reliable than usual during Ramses reign, Egyptian crops were more plentiful than ever. Faypt was never quite the same after Ramses det Gradually, the central government weakened. After about 1070 nc, a series of foreign powers ruled Egypt 176 » Chapter 5 (One of those rulers was Alexander the Great the king of Macedonia who conquered Egypt. (You will read about Alexander in Chapter 12.) After his death, Macedonians continued to rule Egypt. The last Macedonian ruler was the famous queen Cleopatra Eventually the powerful Roman Empire would ‘conquer Egypt. (GATED What were Ramses I's accomplishments? Lesson Summary «Hatshepsut was the first woman to rul pharaoh. She expanded Egypr’ trade with other ands «+ Akhenaton tried to change Egypt's religion (oa belief in one god, but his religion did not last afier his death. «+ Ramses It built an extensive empire and ruled for 66 years, His reign was atime of peace and prosperity ‘Cleopatra ater ome conquered yp Cleopatra Kile erst she feared she would be taken to Rome 353 Why It Matters Now... The ancient Egyptians rejected Akhenaton’s idea of one supreme god, but that idea later became widespread. Today many people believe in religions based on a single god. Meaty Jain the importance of Hatshepsut obelisk Ramses I ‘What was unusual about the rign of Hatshepsut? (6.2.7), How di Akhenaton try to change the way Ms the Egyptians worshiped? (6.23) Explaining Sequence Use your completed time Tne to snsier the folowing question: 2. Which phacaoh ceigned the longest? (CST 2) G a ¥ t u Why was the government of Egypt stable under Ramses I? (6.2) Forming and Supporting Opinions Why do you think Thutmose ted 0 erase all record of Hatshepsut’ reign? (6.2.7) Comparing and Contrasting In what ways were the reigns of Akbenaton and Ramses Il different? (62.7) BEIIND ncernct activity Use mrt o esearch oe fhe paraohn is esan Then make etch forthe pharools Web page (6.2.7) INTERNET KEYWORD: pharaohs name ‘Ancient Egypt * 177en cies Wen King Tuts I ed You set ison Thutmose became pate, Because or me our highness? the boy was oyun, Hsteprter Queen hep red in is place, Win a ew ou am HP years, the queen proclaimed herself to be ancient writings tel of J Pharaoh Hatshepsut as had big plans for ——_aich and cle Put. Egypt. She cscased he plans wth Senmut Toreed tou mst ls */ thelengtha the Red Inet tanaka ppt geet Sun ot a do poi. went to epithe od temples and bud costo the ads othe new ones. ‘south. Do you think you Nt Conf ts pace? Senmut: Great Pharaoh such lan wl Se ita Basse the gos ut where wil Edt gin the Chyestin — attgatton pe ulngmatealstcary otsuch poets? sure lcan fd tis nd, je eso ns jpackground: In about 472.6, 2 queen F Shor trade would bring wealth to Eaypt Dich i rich in valuable goods. We will send a ‘my trusted adviser Senmut with you. Ile will Mating exoediton there. trade with the people of Punt and bring back materials to make our temples great again CAST OF CHARACTERS ut {angry whisper) This is | ible news. Hatshepsut succeed in her plan, Nehesy did asthe pharaoh vvornan pharach of Eayet : vil ean great glory. Iwill never get rid of commanded. He gathered together five great (sEiNemuht) Hatshepsut’ ost if land be able to rule by myselt ships. ach was about 80 feet long and had a single giant sail Tips nephew and oder Al 4 or te expaion to Pun, Senmut sent Are you sure you can make this ose commando ey He as asl sea captain voyage, Nehesy? Our peopl are used to sang | | the expedition to Punt fon the Nile, not onthe wide seas. | ruler of Put : “a Sailors rowing Although se Matshepsut’s ships was | | t frosted aise a Saale ator: After hearing of Hatshepsuts (oe (continued) 178° Chapter5 aa %Nehesy: When the wind is behind the sai it wil push us forward. When the wind dies of plows the vrong way, my 30 oarsmen will ow the ship, Senmut: That sounds ike a good pla, but ‘are you sure we will be safe? Nehesy: We are perfectly safe. have given orders that we must always stay within sight of ‘the coast, so we cannat get lost Senmut: Allright, Nehesy. I elieve the ‘voyage sin good hands under your leadership Narrator: After many months, the flet came toa land with huge tres, The Egyptians could seca village with round hut that had cone shaped thatch roofs Sailor; Look over theret | thnk that's the and of Punt! We made it! Narrator: The ruler of the country and his ‘wife came to meet the ships and leaned they were from Eaypt Chiefs How did you come here? We thought this land was unknown to Egy Chief's Wife: Did you come down the roads of the heavens? You must have followed the sun's path. Court Official: 0 Great Hatshepsut, your expedition to Punt has returned. Senmut has arived with a caravan of goods from the ships. SSenmut: We sled down te Red Sea and Hatshepsut: show him in then along the coast ofthis land. O Great et, tring you greetings from Pharaoh Hatshepsut Tha brought mary gifts to honor yu. a0 hae wade goods to exchange forthe goo of your county. ‘Senmut: Your highness, the chief of Punt jected us with friendliness, and our trade mission was successful, We have gained many rest treasures for Egypt. | wll have them ought before you Chief: Come to my house. My servants wil prepare a real fr us, and you and | can bargain First Treasure Bearer: Great Pharaoh, | bring you chests of gold Narrator: Senmut showed the Chief of Punt the trade items he had brought Senmut: My people are good metal wore T have brought you bronze daggers and 2325 3 also beautiful necklaces. We aso brought whe bread, dried fats, and honeycakes. Second Treasure Bearer: Highness, | Bing loos of dark ebony wood and great tusks ivory. Our artisans can use these materials to ake bel things. Narrator: The chef and Senmut aged ‘a trade, Then te Egyptian loaded tel ships and returned home. When they reache¢ the “Gf Eaypt, they traveled ove and to thecal at Thebes. d Treasure Bearer: Mighty Pharaoh | Jababoons and monkeys for your amusement. fleoparc for ther exotic spotted skin. h Treasure Bearer: Your highness, fareat quantities of incense. hepsuit: ths wil please the priests, ae Incense inthe temples. Seat Pharaoh, we have saved the 5 for at. The Chi of Put sold us 31 ic hs people careful plated in jour. | wil plant the tees inthe courtyard of your great temple. With the sap of these tees, our pists can make their Hatshepsut: Senmut, you have done wel ‘And Nehesy lam pleased with you too Nehesy: thank yu, your highness. Thutmose III: (angry whisper) | was certain this trade mission would fal. Bu it has succeeded ‘more than Hatshepsut dared to hope. She is ight ‘thatthe priests willbe happy. Now they wil lve Hatshepsut and support her rule. | must wat for a better time to seize the throne. Narrator: Years later, Thutmose Il did bbecome the sole pharaoh of Egypt. Noone knows what happened to Hatshepsut. Maybe Thutmose killed her or maybe she died of old ‘age. We do know that Thutmose tried to erase her name from history, He failed, and the record cof Hatshepsut's deeds still amazes the world What qualtes ofa good rule did Hatshepsut have? Wit anew Scene in which Senmut andthe hie bargain over the exchange ‘of goods. how how each person ‘red to get the most he could from te exchange. (Writing 2.1)BSED CEE uid chapter Review. Ip CRITICAL THINKING Big ideas: Geography | Reading Charts Use the chart below to ann” SB.ORAMING CONCLUSIONS How ddthe| | Bs¥er Re questons. 625) ‘geography of Egypt help ciulization 4 } = Dy 14. UNDERSTANDING CAUSE AND EFFECT PYRAMID. | LOCATION & ores. ] - ||| seer srt 2 a tines er aes Geography (6.2) } rsalvts parts of Africa, |) Many ose on structures? (6.2.5) loners | Sanna Fest top eet | com nd with aferite a eee + Desert acted 25 3 «A prosperous land wit i Bent Dahshur, | 105 Fst attempt at Desert eerie Ar stzed tf | bam Cilizations? (62.2) roms "2a | arms (neem | | ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT | A.WRITING ACTIVITY Write a descriptive Keufu’s | Giza, Egypt | 147 | Tue pyramid yy N paragraph about an artifactin the ‘Cret’ | Hesoee La government (623) | hopter. Identify the object and the Pyramid Science & Technology (62°) Upper and Lower Egypt | page on which tis found. (Writing 2.2) : : Joped calender, * Upred sone county =) ZLINTERDISCIPLINARY ACTIVITY—SCIENCE Pyramid | Teotthuacdn, 65 |_Step pyramid 2 ove omny, medicine sated oF Oe nates Research to learn about the Egyptian of the Sun | Mexico ae rite = Pharaohs and o¥" | (alendar. Make a poster explaining the | Topcon pests aecnpe-senoeae \ served as officials — ! “ — .STARTING WITH A STORY Fea [ot [os Seale ofthe | Gubtemala eet Review the narrative you Giant aguar | “x0. 700 St falencar.(HI2) Step pyramid ‘wrote about the new pharaoh, Draw a picture that Ta i z TERMS & NAMES > main IDEAS a illustrates the scene. (6.27) > re Gift of the Nile (pages "4% cae 4. Which of the following pyramids is Explain why the were ‘was the Nile 0 valuable for 82 ges iuzach set below af s.Why a Weporatont (28) Mw egytan farmers se . ‘their farmland? (6.2.2) ges 154369) aes of te Heroave linked with each other. ‘delta and sit 2.seribe and hieroglyph 3, dynasty and pharaoh ite a ancient yet (0 4, Hatshepsut and Teta area share “ a.hy ithe Eayptans .ges 164-171) have such great respect ‘A. Djoser step pyramid 8. Bent pyramid the internet or the library to C Khnfu's Great Pyramic Bass compare Egiten . Temple of the Giant Jaguar mid with those of Meso-America, rater makee Which ofthe following is tallest? nbalm bodies? (623) itimedia oresentation. (6.2.5) ‘A, Djoser step pyramid Bude maps that show where B. Bent pyramid ids are located in Egypt and C. Pyramid of the sun “America, D. Temple of the Giant Jaguar slides of pyramids from Egypt 0-America, i text for each side Test Packie lishment ie documentation of your sources. teem the Nile to expand ‘the pyramid Bue (0 iy ed te Egyptians Pe pagans? (62.3) to.wnat tems were found is ‘the new Kingdom (pages 172-180 ine te portant 20 " ‘Queen Hatshepsut? (6.2, n sz. Why was the reign of Ramses de pyramids? (625) Adina Tost Pract pp. 1-533 nso successul? (627) Ancient Egypt * 183,