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Joist Slab Design
Joist Slab Design
Charif)
Typical joist (rib)
Vertical section
Joists (Ribs) are closely spaced T-beams. The space between the beams may be left void or filled with
light hollow blocks called Hourdis. This type of floor is very popular and offers many advantages
(lighter, more economical, better isolation).
bf
hf
hw
bw
S
Void or hollow
block (Hourdis)
S / 12
Flange thickness: h f
50 mm
Spacing: S 800 mm
Live w jL LL x b jf
w ju 1.4w jD 1.7w jL
(3) Flexural analysis: Determine the values of ultimate moments at major locations (exterior negative
moment, interior negative moment and positive span moment) using the coefficient method (if conditions
are satisfied) with appropriate clear lengths and moment coefficients.
(4) Flexural RC design: Perform RC design using standard methods starting with the maximum moment
value. Determine the required steel area and compare with code minimum steel area. Determine the bar
number and check bar spacing.
(5) Shrinkage reinforcement:
Determine shrinkage (temperature) reinforcement and the corresponding spacing.
(6) Shear check: Perform shear check, that is, check that Vc Vu with Vc increased by 10%
If it is not checked, stirrups must be provided.
(7) Flange check: Part of the flange is un-reinforced. It must be checked as a plain concrete member.
(8) Detailing: Draw execution plans
8.1 m
E
4.0 m
D
4.0 m
50
250
4.0 m
120
500
120
4.0 m
A
1
The above figure shows a one-way joist slab with beams and girders (same floor as in one
way solid slab example).
Beams are in X-direction (perpendicular to slab strip) and girders are in Y-direction
(parallel to joists). Joists are in Y-direction.
The space between joists is filled by hollow blocks (hourdis) with a density b 12 kN / m 3
Concrete: f c' 25 MPa c 24 kN / m3
All beams and girders have the same section 300 x 600 mm.
All columns have the same square section 300 x 300 mm.
Superimposed dead load SDL = 1.5 kN/m2
Live load LL = 3.0 kN/m2
All external beams and girders as well as the internal beam C support a wall with a
uniform weight of wwall 14.4 kN / m
Step 1: Thickness
Table 9.5(a): Minimum thickness for beams (ribs) and one-way slabs
unless deflections are computed and checked
Simply
supported
One end
continuous
Both ends
continuous
Cantilever
L / 20
L / 24
L / 28
L / 10
L / 16
L / 18.5
L / 21
L/8
hmin
L
4000
216.22 mm
18.5 18.5
hmin
L 4000
190.48 mm
21
21
S / 12 500 / 12 41.67 mm
Flange thickness: h f 50 mm
50 mm
All dimension conditions are satisfied. The flange width is then: b f bw S 500 120 620 mm
b)
Loading:
Live
w jL LL x b jf 3 x 0.62 1.86 kN / m
l
Vu C v wu n
2
M u Cm wu (l n ) 2
l n 4.0
0.3 0.3
3.7 m
2
2
For shear force, span positive moment and external negative moment, ln is the clear length of the span
For internal negative moment, ln is the average of clear lengths of the adjacent spans.
Cm and Cv are the moment and shear coefficients given by ACI tables. The moment coefficients and values
are:
d h cover
db
ds
2
Cover = 20 mm
12
8 266 mm
2
Thus
Ab = 78.5 mm2
872.2 mm
As
90
Maximum spacing for shrinkage steel in slabs according to SBC / ACI is:
Ln
3.7
1.15 x 8.614
18.33 kN
2
2
Vc 1.1
f c'
6
bw d 1.1
25
120 x 266 29260 N 29.26 kN
6
w S 2 8.88 x 0.5 2
0.185 kN.m
12
12
As the member is un-reinforced, the nominal capacity must consider concrete tension strength, which is
defined by SBC as: t 0.7 f c' 3.5 MPa (for ACI, it is t 0.5 f c' ).
The nominal moment for a rectangular section with maximum stress equal to tension strength is:
Mn t
bh f
1000 x 50 2
3.5
1458333 N .mm 1.458 kN.m
6
Step 8: Detailing
Standard execution plans conforming to ACI / SBC provisions for beams and ribs.
Top steel
Ln1 /4
Ln1
Min. 150 mm
Bottom steel
Ln2
Ln3
8.1 m
E
4.0 m
D
4.0 m
C
4.0 m
B
4.0 m
A
1
Load transferred by joists to the beam according to its tributary width lt as in one way solid slabs.
Area load (kN/m2) used for this purpose is equal to the joist load (kN/m) divided by the flange width.
In order to avoid duplication of the joist-beam joint weight, we must use the beam clear tributary width ltn.
It is obtained by subtracting the beam width: ltn lt bb
The dead load includes possible wall loading
Dead wbD
w jD
b jf
Live wbL LL x lt
4 4
For internal beams (B, C, D) the tributary widths are: lt 4.0 m
2 2
3.894
3.7 24 x 0.3 x 0.6 1.5 x0.3 28.008 kN / m
0.62
wbL 3 x4 12 kN / m
wbu 59.61kN / m
The effective section of the beam is a T-section for internal beams and L-section for external beams.
However with small flange thicknesses, rectangular section is frequently considered.
Analysis and design of beams is performed using the same steps as in one way solid slabs.
The next figure, also produced by RC-SLAB1 software, shows the flexural design results considering a Tsection or a rectangular section.
In theory the rectangular section and T-section designs give the same result for negative moments (flange
in tension) and different results for positive moments (flange in compression).
It can be observed that for negative external moment, rectangular and T-section designs give the same
result (four 16-mm bars). For the span positive moment, rectangular section design gives eight bars
whereas T-section design requires seven bars.
It is however worth noting that the two designs are also different for the internal negative moment. This in
fact is due to the required number of layers. The initial result of twelve bars is maintained for the T-section
because they fit in one single layer in the flange. For the rectangular section, the twelve bars require more
layers and successive design-checks are performed by RC-SLAB1 software. The final design requires
thirteen bars in three layers.
PD
w jD
b jf
Live PL LL x At
For beams / girders inside the tributary area, the total web self weight and total wall load is considered
( i 1) . For beams / girders on the border of the tributary area, only half is considered ( i 0.5) . lti is
the member length inside the tributary area (clear length for beams and full length for girders).