Works Cited

Primary Sources:
"APOLLO 13 - All BBC's TV Original Reentry & Splashdown Footage - Part 4 of 5." YouTube.
YouTube, n.d. Web. 15 Aug. 2015. Actual news footage of the Apollo 13 splashdown.
"Apollo 13 Emergency Radio Transmission." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web.
15 Aug. 2015. This is the emergency radio transmission from the astronauts on board
Apollo 13 when the explosion of the air tanks first occurred.
"Apollo 13 Mission." Overview. Lunar and Planetary Institute, n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2015.
<http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_13/overview/>. Apollo 13 was the
thirteenth in a series of missions using Apollo-specification flight hardware and was to be
the third lunar landing. Mission details as well as time frame and events are listed.
Block, Melissa. "Remembering Apollo 13." Remembering Apollo 13. NPR, 10 Apr. 2015. Web.
10 Dec. 2015. <http://www.npr.org/2015/04/10/398824586/remembering-apollo-13nasas-most-famous-successful-failure>. Transcript of interview between host and Russell
Lewis, reporter. Details of the ill-fated Apollo 13 mission are discussed.
"Congressional Hearing Apollo 13." (n.d.): n. pag. Web. 15 Aug. 2015. 64 pages of hearing
documents held before the 91 Congress on April 24, 1970.
(n.d.): n. pag. Report of Apollo 13 Review Board. Web. 15 Aug. 2015. Findings from the Apollo
13 review board on what went wrong and the damage done to the spacecraft.
"Space: JFK's New Frontier Video." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 15 Aug.
2015. John F. Kennedy gives a famous speech challenging the US to explore space and
land our astronauts on the moon.
"Spacelog Apollo 13." Spacelog. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2015. <http://apollo13.spacelog.org/>.
Original transcripts from launch control in Cape Canaveral, Florida and mission control
in Houston. Read the exact words by the people who lived out the near disaster. .
Secondary Sources:
"Apollo 13 Astronauts Return." Apollo 13 Astronauts Return after Deep Space Crisis in 1970.
New York Daily News, 11 Apr. 2015. Web. 10 Dec. 2015.

<http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/apollo-13-astronauts-return-deep-spacecrisis-1970-article-1.2177667>. The astronauts return to earth safely after many things go

wrong on their mission.
"Apollo 13 Astronaut Exhibit Re-Launches." Apollo 13 Astronaut Exhibit Re-launches at
Chicago Planetarium. Collect Space, 2015. Web. 10 Dec. 2015.
<http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-041015a-mission-moon-adler-lovell.html>. An
article about the opening of a new space exhibit for the Apollo 13 mission at the Chicago
planetarium.
"Apollo 13: Houston We Have a Problem." Apollo 13: Houston We Have a Problem. Ed.
National Air and Space Museum. National Air and Space Museum, n.d. Web. 19 Nov.
2015. <http://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/apollo-program/landingmissions/apollo13.cfm>. Apollo 13 was to be the third mission to land on the Moon. An
explosion in one of the oxygen tanks crippled the spacecraft during flight and the crew
were forced to orbit the Moon and return to the Earth without landing.
"Apollo Missions." Apollo Missions. Ed. Brian Dunbar. NASA, 8 July 2009. Web. 11 Oct. 2015.
Mission Objective Apollo 13 was supposed to land in the Fra Mauro area of the moon. An
explosion on board forced Apollo 13 to circle the moon without landing.
Atkinson, Nancy. "13 Things That Save Apollo 13: Part 1- Timing." Universe Today. Universe
Today, 9 Apr. 2010. Web. 10 Dec. 2015. <http://www.universetoday.com/62362/13things-that-saved-apollo-13-part-1-timing/>. The timing of when the explosion happened
was key. Much earlier or later in the mission would have prevented a successful rescue.
Editors of Britanica. "Apollo 13: United States Spaceflight." Apollo 13: United States Space
Flight. Britannica, 2015. Web. 10 Dec. 2015. <http://www.britannica.com/topic/Apollo13-mission>. Encyclopedia entry for the Apollo 13 mission. Article includes details of the
mission as well as the astronauts and the challenges they faced.
Evans, Michelle. "Op-ed | Apollo 13 at 45." SpaceNews.com. Space News, 11 Apr. 2015. Web. 10
Dec. 2015. <http://spacenews.com/op-ed-apollo-13-at-45/>. An editorial about the Apollo
13 crew and the mission that never landed on the moon.
Green, Nick. "Was This Mission Jinxed?" Apollo 13: Was This Mission Jinxed? About
Education, 2015. Web. 10 Dec. 2015.
<http://www.npr.org/2015/04/10/398824586/remembering-apollo-13-nasas-most-famous-

successful-failure>. Were all the things that went wrong on Apollo 13 mission
coincidence? A listing of all the problems as well as how they were solved.
Howell, Elizabeth. "Apollo 13: Facts About NASA's Near Disaster." Apolol 13: Facts About
NASA's Near Disaster. Space.com, 23 Aug. 2012. Web. 19 Nov. 2015.
<http://www.space.com/17250-apollo-13-facts.html>. In an instant, the Apollo 13
spacecraft pivoted from a moon-bound landing unit to a crippled vessel. While the
spaceflight stands today as a demonstration of NASA innovation saving lives on the fly,
Apollo 13 vividly illustrated the dangers of people working in space.
Hutchinson, Lee. "45 Years After Apollo 13." Ars Looks at What Went Wrong and Why. Ars
Technica, 16 Apr. 2015. Web. 10 Dec. 2015.
<http://arstechnica.com/science/2015/04/apollo-13-the-mistakes-the-explosion-and-sixhours-of-live-saving-decisions/>. What happened exactly? Why did the oxygen tank
explode, and how could a defective oxygen tank make it aboard a functioning, healthy
spacecraft in the first place? But most important of all, in an age of slide rules and
shockingly primitive computers 45 years ago, how did Apollo 13 make it back home after
sustaining such crippling damage?
Hutchinson, Lee. "Going Boldly: Behind the Scences at NASA's Mission Control." Scientific
Method; Science and Exploration. Conde Nast, 31 Oct. 2012. Web. 10 Dec. 2015.
<http://arstechnica.com/science/2012/10/going-boldly-what-it-was-like-to-be-an-apolloflight-controller/>. Apollo vet Sy Liebergot shows Ars how NASA got men safely to the
Moon and back.
Jones, Eric M. "Apollo 13 Summary." Views of the Solar System. Views of the Solar System,
1995. Web. 10 Dec. 2015. <http://solarviews.com/eng/apo13.htm>. In large measure, the
Apollo 13 crew survived their ordeal for the simple reason that, at the time of the
accident, they had backup stores of critical commodities: extra power, water, and oxygen
- and even an extra engine.