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Class X
1.Compound Interest
( Imp chapter)
S.I = PTR
100.
Amt = Pri ( 1 + Rat )Time
100
Note : If you are asked to compute the interest semi-annually ( Half yearly) the above formula is to
be modified, by taking time x 2, and rate 2
If the rates are given differently for the consecutive years, then
For example if the rates are 8 % , 12 % and 15 % respectively, then
Amt = Pri ( 1 + 8 ) ( 1 + 12 ) ( 1 +15 )
100
100
100. Here, you need not mention time as exponent.
Depreciation Certain items value will be diminished as the time passes, then it is known as
depreciation. For example the value of a car, refrigerator, machinery etc. in that case.
Final Value of machine = Actual value ( 1 Rat )Time
100
In population growth problems, If present population is given and asking for
i) The population n yrs ago, then take Amount as Present population, and find Principal
ii) The population after n yrs, then take Principal as Present population, and find Amount
3.Banking
Savings Bank account
While taking the entries you have to bear in mind that
While computing the interest always take time as 1/12, irrespective of the total number of months
given. i.e in PTR / 100, take time as 1/12, instead of total no of months.
If entry of a particular month is not given, then you have to take the last entry of the previous month
(Here at times there is chance of making mistake, choose the value from the question.)
I f you are asked to find the amount that will be obtained on closing the account
Then take last entry from the Question + Interest obtained
( But DO NOT take the Total principal )
Recurring Deposits :
(or)
6.Quadratic Equations.
Note: To find the value of x you may adopt either splitting the middle term or formula method,
unless specified the method.
Note: when x = y, is given, then use ruler to measure the vertical distance of the point from the line, and
then take the same distance on the other side to obtain its reflection.
Duplicate ratio of a : b is a : b ( Incase of Sub-duplicate ratio you have to take Square root)
3
3
Triplicate ratio of a : b is a : b ( Incase of Sub-triplicate ratio you have to take Cube root)
Proportion a : b = c : d, Continued Proportion a : b = b : c,(Middle value to be repeated)
1st 2nd 3rd 4th proportionals
1st 2nd 2nd 3rd proportionals
Product of Means(Middle values) = Product of Extremes(Either end values)
If a = c is given, then Componendo & Dividendo is a + b = c + d
b
d
ab
cd
Do you have a question Where to take K method ? You may adopt it in the following situations
9.Remainder theorem.
If (x 2 ) is a factor of the given expression, then
10.Matrices
Some times, you may be asked to find A2 + AB + 7 is given, you have to assume it
as A2 + AB + 7 I, Here, I is the Identity matrix.
in which all the principal diagonal values are 1, and the rest are Zero.
Distance = \/ (x2 x1) 2 + (y2 y1) 2 . ( The same formula is to be used to find the length of line
segment, sides of a triangle, square, rectangle, parallelogram etc.,)
To prove co-linearity of the given three points A,B, and C, You have to find
The distance of AB + The distance of BC = The distance of AC.
Section formula: point (x, y) = m1 x2 + m2 x1 , m1 y2 + m2 y1
m1 + m2
m1 + m2
Mid point = x1 + x2 , y1 + y2
2
2
Centroid of a triangle = x1 + x2 + x3
3
y1 + y2 + y3
3
12.Equation of a line.
13.Similarity.
If two triangles are similar then, ratio of their sides are equal.
i.e if ABC ~ PQR then AB = BC = AC
PQ QR
PR.
Size transformation:
Length of the model = k times the actual length. [Here k is to be taken as 1 / 10000 ]
Area of the model = k2 times the actual area. [Here k2 is to be taken as (1 / 10000) 2 ]
3
3
Volume of the model = k times the actual volume. [Here k is to be taken as (1 / 10000) 3 ]
14.Symmetry.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
A line which divides the given figure into two identical parts is known as line of Symmetry
An angle has One line of symmetry.
A Square has 4 lines of symmetry.
A Rectangle has 2 lines of symmetry.
A Parallelogram has No lines of symmetry.
A Rhombus has 2 lines of symmetry.
An Isosceles Triangle has One line of symmetry.
An Equilateral Triangle has 3 lines of symmetry.
A Circle has Infinite lines of symmetry.
A Regular Polygon with n sides has n lines of symmetry.
For ex: A Regular pentagon (5 sides) has 5 lines of symmetry
15.Loci.
r .
Area of a Circle =
Perimeter of a Circle = 2 r
Area of sector =
x r .
360
Length of an arc = x 2 r.
360
2
18.Solids.
1. Cylinder: Volume of a cylinder =
Curved surface area =
Total surface area
2. Cone:
2 r (h +r )
CSA of a Cone
using Pythagoras theorem )
TSA of a Cone
3. Sphere:
r h
2 rh
2 r h + 2 r2
2
r l
r l + r2.
r ( l + r )
2
Surface area of a Sphere = 4 r . ( In case of Sphere, there is no CSA, TSA separately)
=
CSA of hemisphere
TSA of hemisphere
= 2 r
[Take half the SA of a sphere]
2
2
= 2 r + r
3 r2
2
While solving the combination of solids it would be better if you take common
If a solid is melted and, recast into number of other small solids, then
Volume of the larger solid = No x Volume of the smaller solid
For Ex: A cylinder is melted and cast into smaller spheres. Find the number of spheres
Volume of Cylinder = No x Volume of sphere.
If an Ice cream cone with hemispeherical top is given then you have to take
a) Total Volume = Volume of Cone + Volume of Hemisphere
b) Surface area = CSA of Cone + CSA of hemisphere (usually Surface area will not be asked)
19.Trigonometric Identities.
21.Graphical Representation.
No of observations
Mode = The most frequently occurred value of the raw data.
To find the Median first of all arrange the data in Ascending or Descending order, then
Median = (N+1)/2 term value of the given data, in case of the data is having odd no of observations.
Median = [(N/2) + (N+1)/2)] / 2 term value of the given data, in case of the data is having
even number of observations.
For grouped data
23.Probability.
Probability of an event :