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Drilling Formulas PDF
Drilling Formulas PDF
FORMULAE
WARNING SIGNS OF REDUCING OVERBALANCE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
2.
3.
DRILLING BREAK.
4.
5.
PROPERTY OF:
DRILLING FORMULAE
CONTENTS
PART 1:
VOLUMES
PART 2:
TRIPPING
PART 3:
STUCK PIPE
PART 4:
W E L L C ON T R O L
PART 5:
CASING/CEMENTING
PART 6:
HYDRAULICS
PART 7:
MISCELLANEOUS
PART 8:
CONVERSION FACTORS
INDEX
Page
PART 1: VOLUMES
1.1
1.2
1.3
Casing Capacities
1.4
1.5
PART 2: TRIPPING
2.1
2.2
Ton Miles
2.3
2.4
Weights/Foot
2.5
2.6
2.7
3.2
Stretch of Pipe
3.3
Maximum Overpull
INDEX (continued)
Page
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
Influx Heights/Gradients
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
Kill Methods
4.15
Barite Required
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.19
4.20
PART 5: CASING/CEMENTING
5.1
Buoyant Force
5.3
5.4
Balanced Plugs
ii
INDEX (continued)
Page
PART 6: HYDRAULICS
6.1
6.2
ECD
6.3
6.4
Critical Velocity
6.5
6.6
6.7
Nozzle Sizes
6.8
6.9
Jet Velocity
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
PART 7: MISCELLANEOUS
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
Pressure Gradients
iii
1. BOYLES LAW
2.
4. BOYLES LAW
=
=
=
5. P1 x V1 x = P2 x V2
Find V2
V2 =
P 1 x V1
P2
6000 x 20
1000
120000
1000
= 120 barrels
iv
6000 psi
20 bbl
1000 psi
NOTES
NOTES
vi
PART 1: VOLUMES
SQUARE SIDED TANK VOLUME, bbls
2
.7854 x (Diameter, ft) x Depth, ft
5.6146
PIPE VOLUME
=
ID 2 , inches
ID 2 , millimetres
, bbl ft or
, m 3 /m
1029
1,273,000
(Dh
- dp )
1029
STROKES TO PUMP
= Volume Pump Output/Stroke
TIME, minutes
= Strokes SPM
or
= Volume Pump Output/Stroke SPM
(D12 - D 22 - D 23 )
1029
D1 = Outer Casing
D2 = OD of Inner Tubing
D3= OD of Inner Tubing
1.1
3.5
4.0
4.5
IU
8.5
9.5
11.2
13.3
15.5
11.85
14.00
15.70
12.75
13.75
16.60
20.00
5.0
6.625
16.25
19.50
20.50
Nominal Weight
(lbs/ft)
EU
ID
(in)
Barrels
per foot
13.3
15.5
3.063
2.992
2.900
2.764
2.602
.0091
.0087
.0082
.0074
.0066
14.00
15.30
3.476
3.340
3.240
.01174
.01084
.01020
16.60
18.15
20.00
4.000
3.958
3.826
3.754
3.640
.01554
.01522
.01422
.01369
.01287
16.25
19.50
4.408
4.276
4.214
.01887
.01776
.01725
25.2
5.965
.0346
IEU
9.5
13.3
15.5
11.85
14.00
13.75
16.60
18.15
20.00
20.50
1.2
CAPACITY OF CASING
OD
(in)
Wt/Ft
(lbs)
ID
(in)
Drift
Diameter
(ins)
Barrels
per
foot
17.0
20.0
23.0
26.0
29.0
32.0
35.0
38.0
6.538
6.456
6.366
6.276
6.184
6.094
6.004
5.920
6.413
6.331
6.241
6.151
6.059
5.969
5.879
5.795
.04152
.0405
.0394
.0383
.0371
.0361
.0350
.0340
32.30
36.00
40.00
43.50
47.00
53.50
9.001
8.921
8.835
8.755
8.681
8.535
8.845
8.765
8.679
8.599
8.525
8.379
.0787
.0773
.0758
.0745
.0732
.0708
48.0
54.5
61.0
12.715
12.615
12.515
12.559
12.459
12.359
.1571
.1546
.1521
68.0
72.0
12.415
12.347
12.259
12.191
.1497
.1481
185/8
87.50
17.755
17.567
.3062
20
94.0
106.5
133.0
19.124
19.00
18.73
18.936
18.812
18.542
.3553
.3507
.3408
95/8
133/8
1.3
Annular
Capacity
bbls/ft
3.5
.0296
.0286
.0275
.0264
.0253
.0242
.0231
.0222
5
.0544
.053
.0516
.0502
.0489
.0465
5
.1328
.1304
.1279
.1255
.1239
5
.2821
5
.3311
.3265
.3166
Tubular
OD
bbls/ft
26
to
.6324
17.5
to
.2733
17.5
to
9.5
.2098
17.5
to
.2353
12.25
to
.1215
12.25
to
6.625
.1032
12.25
to
.0836
8.5
to
.0459
8.5
to
6.25
.0322
8.5
to
6.5
.0292
1.4
1.5
4.5
48
4.75
54
5.0
61
5.25
68
5.5
75
5.75
83
6.0
90
6.25
98
6.5
107
6.75
116
7.0
125
7.25
134
7.5
144
7.75
154
8.0
165
8.25
176
8.5
187
8.75
198
9.0
9.25
9.5
9.75
10.0
10.25
10.5
10.75
11.0
11.25
11.5
11.75
12.0
CAPACITIES
bbls/ft
.0022
1.75
2.25
46
52
59
65
73
80
88
96
105
114
123
132
142
152
163
174
185
196
208
220
233
246
43
50
56
63
70
78
85
94
102
111
120
130
140
150
160
171
182
194
206
218
230
243
256
270
284
298
41
47
53
60
67
75
83
91
99
108
117
127
137
147
157
168
179
191
203
215
228
240
254
267
281
295
.003
.0039
.0049
2.5
2.8125
3.25
44
50
57
64
72
79
88
96
105
114
124
134
144
154
165
176
188
200
212
224
237
250
264
278
292
306
321
336
352
368
53
60
67
75
83
92
101
110
119
129
139
150
161
172
183
195
207
220
233
246
259
273
287
302
317
332
348
363
57
64
72
80
88
98
107
116
126
136
147
158
169
180
192
204
217
230
243
257
270
285
299
314
329
345
361
68
76
85
94
103
112
122
132
143
154
165
176
188
200
213
226
239
252
266
280
295
310
325
340
356
.0061
.0077
.0087
.0103
1.5
NOTES
1.6
PART 2: TRIPPING
BUOYANCY FACTOR
=
=
90 lbs
11.2 ppg
BUOYANCY FACTOR
(65.44 11.2 )
65.44
54.24
65.44
= .829
2.1
TON MILES
For complete round trip
W
D
L
M
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
17.52 lbs/ft
10,000 ft
93 ft
40,000 lbs
27,240 lbs
TON MILES
=
W x D x (D + L)
10,560,000
D x (M + .5C)
2,640,000
536,200,000
2,640,000
= 167.4 + 203.1
2.2
String Wt after 1 / 2 the Stands pulled x Wiper Trip Stands Pulled Block Wt x Wiper Trip Stands Pulled
=
+
56774
28387
TON MILES FOR MIXED STRING
Use same formula for TON MILES but replace W with WAVG
eg.
WAVG
C
=
=
3 DP
5 DP
Total
Avg. Wt
=
=
=
=
= 33,898 lbs
= 131,937 lbs
= 165,835 lbs
= 18.52 lbs/ft
*Buoyancy Factor
STEEL DISPLACEMENT
For volume taken up by steel tubular.
Dry weight of Pipe
DISPLACEMENT, bbls/ft
= .00797 bbls / ft
2.3
=
=
=
=
20.9 lbs/ft
21.4 lbs/ft
21.9 lbs/ft
22.5 lbs/ft
=
=
=
=
16.39 lbs/ft
16.69 lbs/ft
16.88 lbs/ft
17.56 lbs/ft (NC 40)
=
=
=
=
27.3 lbs/ft
27.15 lbs/ft
28.2 lbs/ft
29.63 lbs/ft
=
=
=
=
29.06 lbs/ft
30.11 lbs/ft
30.11 lbs/ft
31.54 lbs/ft
2.4
SLUG VOLUME/WEIGHT/LENGTH
How big should your slug be or how heavy?
Mud Weight
=
10 ppg
Pipe Capacity
=
.01776 bbls/ft
Required Level drop in mud below Rotary
Table (L.dry)
=
200 ft
Slug Weight
=
11.5 ppg
VOLUME OF SLUG, bbls
10 x 200 x .01776
(115
. 10)
3552
.
15
.
= 23.68 bbl
35.52
=
+ 10
25
Slug Weight
- Slug Length
L. dry = Slug Length x
Mud Weight
2.5
.00797 x 93
(.1522 .00797)
.74121
.14423
= 5.14 ft
______________________________________
PRESSURE DROP, psi
2.6
x Stand Length, ft
Annular Capacity
Gradient in psi/ft
Capacity/Disp. in bbls/ft
NOTE: Annular Capacity = Casing Capacity (Metal Displacement + Pipe Capacity)
25 ft
Casing capacity
.1552 bbls/ft
Metal displacement
.0546 bbls/ft
= 25 ft x
.1522
.0546
= 25 x 2.787
= 70 ft
2.7
NOTES
2.8
= 24 inches
= 30,000 lbs
735,294 x e x Wdp
735,294 x 24 x 17.93
30,000
316,411,714
30,000
= 10,547 ft
3.1
= 11 ppg
STRETCH, inches
2
L , ft
=
96,250,000
10,520
96,250,000
= 1.1498 x [65.44 - (15.84)]
= 1.1498 x 49.6
= 57 inches
= 800 ft
= 350,000 pounds
= 5
= 4.276
350,000 x 800
1,963,500 x (52 - 4.2762 )
280,000,000
1,963,500 x 6.7158
280,000,000
13,186,473
= 212
. inches
3.2
OD
ID
=
=
inches
inches
Pa
B.st
= 504,684 229,500
= 275,184 pounds
3.3
NOTES
3.4
CONSTANTS:
PPG
SG
SG
PPG
SG
PCF
x
x
x
x
x
x
FT
FTx
MT
MT
MT
FTx
x .052
.433
x 1.42
x .171
x .098
.0069
= PSI,
= PSI,
= PSI,
= PSI,
= BARS,
= PSI,
SG
SG
Kg/m3
PPG
PPG
x
x
x
x
x
MT
MT
MT
MT
FT
MT = metres,
PRESSURE, psi
=
OR
MUD WEIGHT
=
Pressure x Area
OR
FORCE
OR
4.1
x .1
x 9.8
102
x 1.176
x .358
FT = feet
= kg/cm2,
= kPa,
= kPa,
= kPa,
= kPa,
8.34
8.4
8.6
8.8
9.0
9.2
9.4
9.6
9.8
10.0
10.2
10.4
10.6
10.8
11.0
11.2
11.4
11.6
11.8
12.0
12.2
12.4
12.6
12.8
13.0
13.2
13.4
13.6
13.8
14.0
14.2
14.4
14.6
14.8
15.0
15.2
15.4
15.6
15.8
16.0
16.3
16.6
17.0
17.3
17.6
18.0
18.3
18.6
19.0
BUOYANCY
FACTOR
.873
.872
.868
.865
.862
.860
.856
.853
.850
.847
.844
.841
.839
.836
.833
.829
.826
.823
.820
.817
.814
.810
.808
.804
.801
.798
.795
.792
.789
.786
.783
.780
.777
.774
.771
.768
.765
.763
.759
.755
.751
.746
.740
.735
.731
.725
.720
.716
.710
PSI/FT
SG
Kg/M3
PCF
.433
.436
.447
.457
.468
.478
.488
.499
.509
.519
.530
.540
.551
.561
.571
.582
.594
.603
.613
.623
.634
.644
.655
.665
.675
.686
.696
.706
.717
.727
.738
.748
.758
.769
.779
.790
.800
.810
.821
.831
.848
.862
.883
.900
.914
.935
.952
.966
.987
1.0
1.01
1.03
1.06
1.08
1.10
1.13
1.15
1.18
1.20
1.22
1.25
1.27
1.29
1.32
1.34
1.37
1.39
1.41
1.44
1.46
1.49
1.51
1.53
1.56
1.58
1.61
1.63
1.65
1.68
1.70
1.73
1.75
1.77
1.80
1.82
1.85
1.87
1.89
1.92
1.96
1.99
2.04
2.08
2.11
2.16
2.20
2.23
2.28
1000
1008
1032
1056
1080
1104
1128
1152
1176
1200
1224
1248
1272
1296
1320
1344
1368
1392
1416
1440
1464
1488
1512
1536
1560
1584
1608
1632
1656
1680
1704
1728
1752
1776
1800
1824
1848
1872
1896
1920
1956
1992
2040
2076
2112
2160
2196
2232
2280
62.4
62.8
64.3
65.8
67.3
68.8
70.3
71.3
73.3
74.8
76.3
77.8
79.3
80.8
82.3
83.8
85.3
86.8
88.3
89.8
91.3
92.8
94.3
95.8
97.3
98.7
100.3
101.8
103.3
104.8
106.3
107.8
109.3
110.8
112.3
113.8
115.3
116.8
118.3
119.8
122
124
127
130
132
135
137
139
142
4.2
Bit TVD
=
10,000 ft
Mud Weight
=
10.6 ppg
SIDPP
=
800 psi
Slow Circulating Rate Pressure @ 40 SPM = 900 psi
KILL MUD WEIGHT, ppg
=
1.54 + 10.6
12.14 ppg
900 + 800
1,700 psi
900 x
900 x 1.1453
1,031 psi
Note:
After a correct Start-Up the actual SCR pressure = Actual ICP - SIDPP
12.14
10.6
If using units other than PPG, Feet and PSI then refer to page 4.1 for constants.
4.3
ICP - FCP
x 100 *
Surface to Bit Strokes
=
(ICP - FCP)
EXAMPLE:
ICP = 1600,
FCP = 900
Surface to Bit Strokes = 1084
Fixed Strokes
=
Fixed Pressure
(1600 - 900)
x 100
1084
= 65 psi approx.
= 77 strokes approx.
STROKES
PSI
0
1600
(ICP)
77
1550
154
1500
231
1450
308
1400
385
1350
462
1300
539
1250
616
1200
693
1150
770
1100
(FCP)
847
1050
924
1000
1001
950
1084
900
(FCP)
With Kill Mud at the Bit the pressure is then held constant for remainder of Kill.
Used for WAIT and WEIGHT Method.
STROKES
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1084
PSI
1600
1535
1470
1405
1340
1275
1210
1145
1080
1015
950
900
1084 x 50
(1600 900)
(ICP)
4.4
INFLUX HEIGHT/GRADIENT
SIDPP
SICP
Collar Length
Annular Volume around Collars
Annular Volume around Pipe
Mud Weight
=
=
=
=
=
=
800 psi
900 psi
538 ft
.0836 bbls/ft
.1215 bbls/ft
10.6 ppg
45 barrels
20 .0836
239 ft
(75 45)
+ 538
.1215
30
+ 538
.1215
= 247 + 538
= 785 feet
4.5
=
=
20 bbls
239 ft
Influx Height, ft
900 - 800
= (10.6 x .052) -
239
100
= .5512 -
239
= .5512 - .4184
= .1328 psi/ft
Gradient of .2 or less
Gradient of .4 or more
= Gas
= Water
4.6
4.81 + 10.0
14.81 ppg
14.81 x .052
.77 psi/ft
6161 psi
4.7
MAASP
=
=
=
14.81
10.6 ppg
8000 ft
MAASP, psi
= (Frac. M. Wt, ppg - Current M.Wt, ppg ) x .052 x Shoe TVD, ft
= (14.81 - 10.6) x .052 x 8000
= 4.21 x .052 x 8000
= 1751 psi
Approximate max. pressure at Casing Pressure gauge during a well kill operation.
(Occurs when influx of gas is almost at surface). Using Wait and Weight.
Formation Pressure (Fp)
Pit Gain
Kill Mud Weight
Surface Annular Volume
=
=
=
=
= 200 x
6000 x 20 x 11.5
.1279 x 1,000,000
= 200 x
1,380,000
127,900
= 200 x 10.7897
= 200 x 3.2848
= 657 psi
4.8
VOLUME INCREASE
=
=
=
=
=4x
6000 x 20 x .1279
11.5
=4x
15348
11.5
= 4 x 1334.6
= 4 x 36.5
= 146 bbls
TRIP MARGIN
14
12
5
14 x .085
(12.25 - 5)
1.19
7.25
= 0.164 ppg
4.9
BOYLES LAW
6000 psi
20 bbls
1000 psi
BOYLES LAW
P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
Find V2
V2 =
P1 x V1
P2
6000 x 20
1000
120,000
1000
= 120 barrels
To
Z
P
V1 x P1 x T2 x Z2
P2 x T1 x Z1
=
=
=
Fo + 460
Variable (get from client)
psi + 14.7
4.10
=
=
=
700 psi
725 psi
10.5 ppg
100
(10.5 x .052)
100
.546
= 25 psi
= 100 psi
= 183 ft/hr
4.11
PSI/BARREL
=
=
11 ppg
.1215 bbls/ft
PSI/BARREL
=
11 x .052
.1215
.572
.1215
= 4.7 psi/barrel
(Can be used for inside Pipe by using Pipe Capacity instead of Annular Volume).
MUD TO BLEED DUE TO BUBBLE RISE (VOLUMETRIC)
100
14
= 7 barrels
e.g
If SICP = 800 psi,
Allow 50 to 100 psi for Safety.
Let SICP rise with well shut in due to gas migration to 800 + Safety, e.g.
875 psi.
Allow SICP to continue to rise to 875 + 100 = 975 psi.
At 975 psi carefully manipulate choke to maintain 975 psi while
bleeding-off 7 barrels of mud (see above answer).
Once 7 bbls has been bled, shut in and allow SICP to rise to 975 + 100 = 1075.
Again continue to hold at 1075 psi while bleeding 7 bbls.
Process is repeated until gas arrives at choke.
Shut in and remove gas by Lubricating Method.
4.12
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
5.
5.
6.
6.
7.
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
5.
5.
6.
6.
7.
6.
8.
START UP PROCEDURE
4.13
DRILLERS METHOD
1st Circulation.
Start Up
Once up to speed look at drill pipe pressure and hold this constant
for one complete circulation.
2nd Circulation.
Start Up
*If drill pipe pressure is greater than or less than ICP then
(without shutting down) redo step down chart based on new ICP
and FCP. If you feel that difference is too great or have any
doubts then shut down and discuss possible cause of pressure
difference.
Recalculate slow circulating rate pressure.
New SCR = New ICP - SIDPP
Kill Mud Wt
Old Mud Wt
4.14
BARITE REQUIRED
=
=
=
10 ppg
11.5 ppg
840 barrels
1470 x 1.5
23.5
2205
23.5
= 94 pounds/barrel
840 x 94
78,960 pounds
4.15
94
15
6.3 x 840
+ 840
100
5292
+ 840
100
= 53 + 840
= 893 barrels
4.16
Precharge Press.
Precharge Press.
= Bottle Vol. x
Min.
Operating
Press.
Acc.
Operating Press.
API RP53 gives recommended pressures for various units:Precharge Pressure is normally 1000 psi
Minimum Operating is normally 1200 psi
Accumulator Operating Pressure is 3000 psi for most current units
Check API RP 53 for 500 psi units
Minimum Operating Pressure is the pressure required to operate a Ram
against full rated Wellbore Pressure.
MINIMUM OPERATING PRESSURE
=
= VR
Acc. Operating Press.
Min. Operating Press.
VR =
4.17
=
=
=
=
3000 psi
2200 psi
180 gallons
20 gallons
20 2200 x 3000
x
180 3000 - 2200
6,600,000
= .1111 x
800
= .1111 x 8250
= 917 psi
4.18
The following calculations are used for stripping pipe in the hole when
influx migration is a potential problem.
Vk
A1
A2
V1
V2
Mg
Ig
SICP
Pw
Ps
Pchoke
Step 1
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Vk Vk
Ps =
x (Mg - Ig)
A2 A1
Step 2
Choose Pw
Between 50 and 200 psi
Step 3
Calculate V2 bbls
V2 = PW x
Step 4
A2
Mg
Strip into hole without bleeding mud, until SICP increases to Pchoke1.
Pchoke1 = SICP + Ps + Pw
Step 5
Continue stripping in the hole holding casing pressure constant at Pchoke1. This will
require mud to be bled from the well. Fill pipe regularly.
Step 6
The amount of mud gained in the Trip Tank over and above the drill pipe closed end
displacement (V1) will be the effect of gas expansion. (Some rigs have a Stripping Tank to
allow for bleed-off of V1 every stand).
Step 7
When gain in Trip Tank due to gas expansion equals V2, continue to strip with choke closed
to build casing pressure up to Pchoke2.
Pchoke2 = Pchoke1 + Pw
Step 8
Step 9
Repeat Steps 6, 7 and 8 (increasing Pchoke by Pw each time V2 is measured in Trip Tank)
until back to bottom.
Step 10
4.19
The following can be used to calculate step down pressure on a deviated well.
SIDP = 300 psi
ICP = 800 psi
FCP = 550 psi
SCR = 500 psi
MD
TVD
0
0
1000
1000
2000
2000
3000
2500
4000
3000
5000
3400
TVD(x )
MD(x )
TVD
total
MD
total
3000
4000
3400
5000
= 540 + 35
= 575 psi
Equivalent using Vertical Step Down calculation
= 600 psi
4.20
NOTES
4.21
NOTES
4.22
PART 5: CASING/CEMENTING
BUOYANT FORCE ON CASING
=
=
=
=
=
=
Casing Length
Casing Wt/Ft
Casing Cap
Cement Weight
Cement Buoyancy Factor
Mud Weight
=
=
=
=
=
=
1500ft
106.5 lbs/ft
.3507 bbls/ft
15.4 ppg
.765
9.0 ppg
BUOYANCY FORCE
= C1 x [(Cwt x B.F.cmt ) - (42 x Ccap x (Wcmt - M.Wt ))]
= 1500 [(106.5 x .765) - (42 x .3507 x (15.4 - 9.0 )
)]
)]
5.1
NOTES
5.2
=
=
=
=
Cement Weight
Casing Wt/ft
Cement Buoyancy Factor
Casing Capacity
=
=
=
=
42 x Ccap
106.4 x .765
= 15.4 -
42 x .3507
81.396
= 15.4 -
14.729
= 15.4 - 5.5
= 9.9 ppg
SACKS OF CEMENT
=
=
500 bbls
1.15 cu. ft/sack
SACKS
=
500 x 5.6146
1.15
2807.3
1.15
= 2441 sacks
5.3
15.4 ppg
106.4 lbs/ft
.765
.3507 bbls/ft
BALANCED PLUGS
STROKES TO DISPLACE
=
C.base
L.Plug
V2
=
=
=
Base of Plug, ft
Length of Cement Plug, ft
Spacer volume behind cement, bbls
5.4
EXAMPLE
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
400 ft
20 bbls
.1215 bbls/ft
.01776 bbls/ft
.1458 bbls/ft
10,000 ft
.109 bbls/stroke
= .1458 x 400 ft
= 58.32 bbls
Length of Spacer in Annulus, ft
=
20
164.6 ft
=
.1215
58.32
=
.1215 + .01776
58.32
=
.13926
418.8 ft
Strokes to Displace
=
167.24
.109
1534 strokes
5.5
NOTES
5.6
PART 6: HYDRAULICS
ANNULAR VELOCITY ft/min
Flow Rate =
Dh
=
dp
=
24.51 x GPM
Dh 2 - dp 2
24.51 x 450
12.252 - 52
11029.5
125.0625
= 88.2 ft/min
=
=
=
=
11 ppg
13
Hole Diameter
Pipe OD
=
=
12
5
ECD, ppg
Yield Point x .1
= Mud Wt, ppg +
(Dh - dp)
13 x .1
= 11 +
(12.25 - 5)
1.3
= 11 +
7.25
= 11 + .18
= 11.18 ppg
*Field Approximation
6.1
=
=
=
=
=
=
15 ppg
18
30
Hole Diameter
Pipe OD
Annular Velocity
=
=
=
12
5
90 ft/min
ECD, ppg
0.1
(PV + V )
= M. Wt +
x YP +
300 x (Dh - dp )
(Dh - dp )
0.1
30 x 90
x 18 +
= 15 +
300 x (12.25 - 5)
(12.25 - 5)
0.1
2700
= 15 +
x 18 +
(300 x 7.25)
7.25
2700
= 15 + .0138 x 18 +
2175
*Field Approximation
ECD USING ANNULAR PRESSURE LOSS
ECD ppg = (Annular Pressure Loss .052 TVD, ft.) + Mud Wt., ppg
6.2
Bbls/Stroke x SPM x 42
30 GPM x 12 =
367.5 GPM
70 GPM x 12 =
857.5 GPM
6.3
=
=
=
=
=
11 ppg
30
15
Hole Diameter = 12
Pipe OD
= 5
79.75
79.75
79.75
79.75
32.4 + 307.77
= 60 x
79.75
340.17
= 60 x
79.75
= 60 x 4.265
= 256 ft/min
6.4
256 x (12.25 2 - 5 2 )
24.51
256 x 125.0625
24.51
32016
24.51
= 1306 GPM
= 0.1 (12.25)
=1.225 sq ins
6.5
Two formulae : one for Total Area of the Nozzles, sq. ins.
: the other for nozzle size in 32nds.
GPM
M. Wt.
Nozzles
or
=
=
=
=
450
12 ppg
3 x 12/32nds
.3313 sq. ins.
OR
OR
(J
202500 x 12
10863.1 x .10976
OR
2430000
1192.33
OR
= 2038 psi
OR
6.6
+ J3
2 2
156.482 x 450 2 x 12
(12
+ 12 2 + 12 2
(144
+ 144 + 144 )2
380251260
(432)2
380251260
186624
= 2038 psi
NOZZLE AREA
+ J2
156.482 x 202500 x 12
156.482 x GPM 2 x M. Wt
NOZZLE SIZES
=
=
=
=
12 ppg
2038 psi
450
3
NOZZLE SIZE
= 3.536
GPM
No. of Jets
= 3.536
450
3
M. Wt, ppg
Pressure Drop at Bit
12
2038
Interpretation of answers.
Example:If answer is between 11.8 and 12.2,
choose 3 x 12/32nds.
Example:If answer is between 11.5 and 11.8,
choose 1 x 11/32nds and 2 x 12/32nds.
Example:If answer is between 11.2 and 11.5,
choose 2 x 11/32nds and 1 x 12/32nds.
6.7
T.F.A
of
2 Jets
.076
.098
.124
.153
.186
.221
.259
.300
.344
.392
.498
.613
.742
.883
T.F.A
of
1 Jet
.038
.049
.062
.077
.093
.110
.130
.150
.172
.196
.249
.307
.371
.441
T.F.A
of
3 Jets
.114
.147
.186
.230
.278
.331
.389
.450
.516
.588
.747
.921
1.113
1.325
T.F.A
of
4 Jets
.152
.196
.249
.307
.371
.442
.518
.600
.688
.784
.996
1.228
1.484
1.767
T.F.A
of
5 Jets
.190
.245
.311
.383
.464
.552
.648
.750
.860
.980
1.245
1.535
1.855
2.209
T.F.A
of
6 Jets
.228
.295
.373
.460
.557
.663
.778
.900
1.032
1.176
1.494
1.842
2.226
2.650
TFA
= Total Fluid Area in square inches = 0.6
0.7854 = Constant
3
= for 3 Nozzles (use 4 if 4 nozzle bit)
TFA
x 32
=
0.7854 x 3
0.6
x 32
=
0.7854 x 3
( 0.2547 ) x 32
= 0.5046 x 32
= 16.148
6.8
T.F.A
of
7 Jets
.266
.344
.435
.537
.650
.773
.907
1.050
1.204
1.372
1.743
2.148
2.597
3.092
T.F.A
of
8 Jets
.305
.393
.497
.614
.742
.884
1.037
1.200
1.376
1.568
1.992
2.455
2.969
3.534
T.F.A
of
9 Jets
.342
.442
.559
.690
.835
.994
1.167
1.350
1.548
1.764
1.241
2.762
3.339
3.976
= 450
= 3 x 12/32nds
= .3313 square inches
418.3 x GPM
2
J1 + J 2 + J 3
418.3 x 450
2
12 + 12 + 12
GPM
3.12 (Nozzle Area)
450
3.12 x .3313
450
1.0336
188235
144 + 144 + 144
188235
432
= 435 ft/sec
= 436 ft/sec
6.9
GPM
Pressure Loss at Bit
Total Pump Pressure
Bit Diameter
=
=
=
=
450
2038 psi
3000 psi
12
HHP AT BIT
=
450 x 2038
1714
917100
1714
= 535 HHP
TOTAL HHP
=
450 x 3000
1714
= 787.6 HHP
HHP at Bit
.7854 x Bit Dia 2
OR
GPM x P Bit
1346 (Bit OD) 2
535
.7854 x 12.25 2
535
117.86
= 4.5 HSI
6.10
% HHP AT BIT
787.6;
535;
3000
2038
% HHP
=
535 x 100
787.6
= 67.9%
2038 x 100
3000
= 67.9%
GPM
M.Wt
Jet Velocity
=
=
=
450
12 ppg
435 ft/sec
450 x 12 x 435
1932
= 1216 lbs
6.11
=
=
=
=
=
3000 psi
80
11
90
12
Old SPM
90
= 3000 x
80
= 3000 x
12
11
= 3000 x (1.125) 2
= 3000 x 1.0909
= 3000 x 1.2656
= 3273 psi
= 3797 psi
* A more accurate answer can be obtained by using the power 1.86 instead of squaring.
This needs a special function key on your calculator.
YP
APPARENT VISCOSITY
=
6.12
New M. Wt.
Old M. Wt.
2.5 to 7
(values up to 12 are not uncommon)
6.13
NOTES
6.14
NOTES
6.15
PART 7: MISCELLANEOUS
CRITICAL RPM (accurate to + or - 15%)
=
=
=
CRITICAL RPM
=
33055
2
2
x (OD + ID )
2
L
33055
2
2
x (5 + 4.276 )
2
31
33055
961
x 43.284
= 34.3964 x 6.579
= 226 RPM
Rule of thumb: for 5 drill pipe, do not exceed 200 RPM for any depth.
TEST VOLUME
7500 psi
= 15 x .000003 x 7500
= .34 bbls
7.1
VC
VF
MWF
MWC
VW
MWW
=
=
=
=
=
=
1. VC =
(35 - MWF )
VF
(35 - MWC )
2. VW =
(21.66 - MWC )
VC
(21.66 - MWW )
3. Clay Req. =
(21.66 - MWC )
4. Barite Req. =
(35 - MWF )
5. Volume Check =
VW +
7.2
13360
19636
+
910
1470
Pit 2
Pit 3
What will be the weight of mud if all three pits are mixed together?
(11.2 x 80)
(80
+ 240 + 100) D F
= DF
9.85 ppg = D F
7.3
MICRON SIZES
less than
greater than
1
2 - 60
2 - 74
74
5 - 50
1 - 80
Centrifuge
Desilter
Desander
3 - 4 Cones
5 - 12 Cones
3 - 5 Micron
12 - 60 Micron
30 - 60 Micron
CONE CAPACITIES
4
6
8
10
12
50 GPM/cone
100 GPM/cone
155 GPM/cone
500 GPM/cone
600 GPM/cone
pH
MARSH FUNNEL
7.4
OVERBURDEN GRADIENT
VOLUME OF A CONE
AREA OF A CONE
= /3 r h
h = vertical height
rs
r = radius
VOLUME OF A SPHERE
AREA OF A SPHERE
= /3 r
=4
r = radius
VOLUME OF A PYRAMID
= 1/3 Base Area x Vertical Height
7.5
r3
NOTES
7.6
Acres
Acres
Acres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Barrel
Barrel
Barrels-oil
Barrel of water
Barrel (36 A.P.I.)
Barrel/hour
Barrel/hour
Barrel/hour
Barrel/day
Bbls/ft
Bars
Bars
Bars
Bars
Bars
Bars/mt
Btu
Btu
Btu
Btu
Btu
Btu
Btu/min
Btu/min
Btu/min
Btu/min
BY
TO OBTAIN
.4047
43560.
.00156
hectares
square feet
square miles
76.
760.
29.92
33.90
1.0333
14.70
1.058
101325.
Cms of mercury
Millimetres of mercury
Inches of mercury
Feet of water
Kgs/sq cm
psi
Tons/sq ft
Newtons/m2
5.6146
.15897
42.
.1588
.1342
Cubic ft
Cubic metres
Gallons-oil
Metric tons
Metric tons
.0936
.7
2.695
.02917
.52161
Cubic metres/metre
Newtons/m2
Atmospheres
Lbs/sq ft
psi
Kilopascals
psi/ft
100000.
.9869
2089.
14.50
100
4.421
.2520
.2928
777.5
.0003927
107.5
.0002928
Kilogram - calories
Watt hour
Foot-lbs
Horsepower - hours
Kilogram - metres
Kilowatt - hours
12.96
.02356
.01757
17.57
Foot - lbs/sec
Horsepower
Kilowatts
Watts
Centigrams
.01
Grams
Centilitres
.01
Litres
8.1
Centimetres
Centimetres
Centimetres
Centimetres of mercury
Centimetres of mercury
Centimetres of mercury
Centimetres of mercury
Centimetres of mercury
.3937
.01
10.
Inches
Metres
Millimetres
.01316
.4461
136.0
27.85
.1934
Atmospheres
Feet of water
Kgs/sq metre
Lbs/sq ft
psi
Centimetres/second
Centimetres/second
Centimetres/second
Centimetres/second
Centimetres/second
Centimetres/second
Centimetres/second/second
1.969
.03281
.036
.6
.02237
.0003728
.03281
Feet/min
Feet/sec
Kilometres/hr
Metres/min
Miles/hr
Miles/min
Feet/sec/sec
Centipoise
1.0
Millipascal seconds
Cubic centimetres
Cubic centimetres
Cubic centimetres
Cubic centimetres
Cubic centimetres
Cubic centimetres
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
.00003531
.06102
.000001
.0002642
.001
.002113
Cubic feet
Cubic inches
Cubic metres
Gallons
Litres
Pints (liq)
.1781
28320.
1728.
.02832
7.48052
28.32
59.84
Barrels
Cubic cms
Cubic inches
Cubic metres
Gallons
Litres
Pints (liq)
Cubic feet/minute
Cubic feet/minute
Cubic feet/minute
Cubic feet/minute
Cubic feet/minute
Cubic feet/minute
472.0
.1247
.472
62.43
10.686
28.8
Cubic cm/sec
Gallons/sec
Litres/sec
Lbs of water/min
Barrels per hour
Cubic in/sec
Cubic feet/second
Cubic feet/second
Cubic feet/second
.646317
448.831
1699.
Million gals/day
Gallons/min
Litres/min
Cubic inches
Cubic inches
Cubic inches
Cubic inches
Cubic inches
Cubic inches
16.39
.0005787
.00001639
.004329
.01639
.03463
Cubic centimetres
Cubic feet
Cubic metres
Gallons
Litres
Pints (liq)
8.2
Cubic metres
Cubic metres
Cubic metres
Cubic metres
Cubic metres
Cubic metres
Cubic metres
Cubic metres
Decigrams
6.2905
1000000.
35.31
61023.
1.308
264.2
1000.
2113.
.1
Barrels
Cubic centimetres
Cubic feet
Cubic inches
Cubic yards
Gallons
Litres
Pints (liq)
Grams
Decilitres
.1
Litres
Decimetres
.1
Metres
60.
.01745
3600.
Minutes
Radians
Seconds
Degrees (angle)
Degrees (angle)
Degrees (angle)
Degrees/sec
Degrees/sec
Degrees/sec
.01745
.1667
.002778
Radians/sec
Revolutions/min
Revolutions/sec
Dekagrams
10.
Gram
Dekalitres
10.
Litres
Dekametres
10.
Metres
Fathoms
6.
Feet
Feet
Feet
Feet
Feet
Feet
30.48
12.
.3048
.3600
.3333
Centimetres
Inches
Metres
Varas (Texas)
Yards
Feet of water
Feet of water
Feet of water
Feet of water
Feet of water
.02950
.8826
.03048
62.43
.4335
Atmospheres
Inches of mercury
Kgs/sq cm
Lbs/sq ft
psi
Feet/min
Feet/min
Feet/min
Feet/min
Feet/min
Feet/sec
Feet/sec/sec
Feet/sec/sec
.508
.01667
.01829
.3048
.01136
Centimetres/sec
Feet/sec
Kilometres/hr
Metres/min
Miles/hr
.68182
30.48
.3048
8.3
Foot-pounds
Foot-pounds
Foot-pounds
Foot-pounds
Foot-pounds
Foot-pounds
.002186
.000000505
.0003241
.1383
.0000003766
1.3558
Btu
Horsepower-hrs
Kilogram-calories
Kilogram - metres
Kilowatt-hrs
Newton-metres
Foot-pounds/min
Foot-pounds/min
Foot-pounds/min
Foot-pounds/min
Foot-pounds/min
.001286
.01667
.0000303
.0003241
.0000226
Btu/min
Foot-pounds/sec
Horsepower
Kg-calories/min
Kilowatts
Foot-pounds/sec
Foot-pounds/sec
Foot-pounds/sec
Foot-pounds/sec
.07717
.001818
.01945
.001356
Btu/min
Horsepower
Kg-calories/min
Kilowatts
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons (Imperial)
Gallons (Imperial)
Gallons (Imperial)
.02381
.83267
.00378
3785.
.1337
231.
.003785
3.785
8.
4.
1.20095
277.419
4.546
Gallons of water
8.3453
Pounds of water
1.429
.1337
34.286
.06308
8.0208
.002228
Gallons/min
Gallons/min
Gallons/min
Gallons/min
Gallons/min
Gallons/min
Gallons of water/min
Grains/U.S. gallons
Grains/U.S. gallons
Grains/Imperial gallons
Grams
Grams
Grams
Grams
Grams
Grams
Barrel
Gallons (Imperial)
Cubic metres
Cubic centimetres
Cubic feet
Cubic inches
Cubic metres
Litres
Pints (liq)
Quarts (liq)
Gallons
Cubic inches
Litres
6.0086
17.118
142.86
Parts/million
Lbs/million gal
14.286
Parts/million
980.7
15.43
.001
1000.
.03527
.002205
Dynes
Grains
Kilograms
Milligrams
Ounces (Avoir.)
Pounds
8.4
Grams/cm
Grams/cubic cm
Grams/cubic cm
Grams/litre
Grams/litre
Grams/litre
Hectare
.0056
Pounds/inch
62.43
.03613
Pounds/cubic foot
Pounds/cubic inch
8.345
.062427
1000.
Pounds/1000 gals
Pounds/cubic foot
Parts/million
2.47105
Acres
Hectograms
100.
Grams
Hectolitres
100.
Litres
Hectowatts
100.
Watts
Horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower
42.44
33000.
550.
1.014
10.70
.7457
745.7
Btu/min
Foot-lbs/min
Foot-lbs/sec
Horsepower (metric)
Kg-calories/min
Kilowatts
Watts
Horsepower (boiler)
Horsepower (boiler)
33479.
9.803
Btu/hr
Kilowatts
Horsepower-hours
Horsepower-hours
Horsepower-hours
Horsepower-hours
Horsepower-hours
Inches
Inches of Mercury
Inches of Mercury
Inches of Mercury
Inches of Mercury
Inches of Mercury
Inches of Water
Inches of Water
Inches of Water
Inches of Water
Inches of Water
Inches of Water
Kilograms
Kilograms
Kilograms
Kilograms
Kilograms
Kilograms
2547.
1980000.
641.7
273700.
.7457
Btu
Foot-lbs
Kilogram-calories
Kilogram - metres
Kilowatt-hours
2.540
Centimetres
.03342
1.133
.03453
70.73
.4912
Atmospheres
Feet of water
Kgs/sq cm
Lbs/sq ft
psi
.002458
.07355
.002540
.5781
5.202
.03613
Atmospheres
Inches of Mercury
Kgs/sq cm
Ounces/sq in
Lbs/sq ft
psi
980665.
2.205
.001102
1000.
9.81
.981
Dynes
Lbs
Tons (short)
Grams
Newtons
decaNewtons
8.5
Kilograms/metre
Kilograms/metre
Kilogram - metres
Kilogram - metres
Kilograms/cm2
Kilograms/cm2
Kilograms/cm2
Kilograms/cm2
Kilograms/cm2
Kilograms/cm2
Kilograms/cm2
Kilograms/m3
Kilograms/m3
Kgs/sq millimetre
Kilolitres
Kilometres
Kilometres
Kilometres
Kilometres
Kilometres
.6720
.98067
Lbs/ft
decaNewtons/metre
7.233
.98
Ft-lbs
Newton-metre
.9678
32.81
28.96
2048.
14.22
.981
98.1
Atmospheres
Feet of water
Inches of mercury
Lbs/sq ft
psi
Bars
Kilopascals
.001
.00833
SG
pounds/gallon
1000000.
Kgs/sq metre
1000.
Litres
100000.
3281.
1000.
.6214
.5396
Centimetres
Feet
Metres
Miles
Miles (nautical)
Kilometres/hr
Kilometres/hr
Kilometres/hr
Kilometres/hr
Kilometres/hr
Kilometres/hr
27.78
54.68
.9113
.5396
16.67
.6214
Centimetres/sec
Feet/min
Feet/sec
Knots
Metres/min
Miles/hr
Kms/hr/sec
Kms/hr/sec
Kms/hr/sec
27.78
.9113
.2778
cms/sec/sec
Ft/sec/sec
Metres/sec/sec
Kilopascal
Kilopascal
Kilopascal
Kilopascal
.1
1000.
.0102
.145
Kilowatts
Kilowatts
Kilowatts
Kilowatts
Kilowatts
Kilowatts
Kilowatt-hours
Kilowatt-hours
Kilowatt-hours
Kilowatt-hours
Kilowatt-hours
Newton/cm2
Newtons/m2
Kg/cm2
psi
56.92
44250.
737.6
1.341
14.34
1000.
Btu/min
Foot-lbs/min
Foot-lbs/sec
Horsepower
Kg-calories/min
Watts
3415.
2655000.
1.341
860.5
367100.
Btu
Foot-lbs
Horsepower-hrs
Kilogram-calories
Kilogram - metres
8.6
Knot
Knot
1.
1.151
Nautical miles/hr
Statute miles/hr
Litres
Litres
Litres
Litres
Litres
Litres
Litres
1000.
.03531
61.02
.001
.001308
.2642
.0063
Cubic centimetres
Cubic feet
Cubic inches
Cubic metres
Cubic yards
Gallons
Bbls
Litres/min
Litres/min
Metres
Metres
Metres
Metres
Metres
.0005886
.004403
Cubic ft/sec
Gals/sec
100.
3.281
39.37
.001
1000.
Centimetres
Feet
Inches
Kilometres
Millimetres
Metres/min
Metres/min
Metres/min
Metres/min
Metres/min
1.667
3.281
.05468
.06
.03728
Centimetres/sec
Feet/min
Feet/sec
Kilometres/hr
Miles/hr
Metres/sec
Metres/sec
Metres/sec
Metres/sec
Metres/sec
Metres/sec
196.8
3.281
3.6
.06
2.237
.03728
Feet/min
Feet/sec
Kilometres/hr
Kilometres/min
Miles/hr
Miles/min
Microns
Miles
Miles
Miles
Mile (Nautical)
Mile (Nautical)
Miles/hr
Miles/hr
Miles/hr
Miles/hr
Miles/hr
Miles/hr
.000001
Metres
160900.
5280.
1.609
Centimetres
Feet
Kilometres
6080.27
1.15
Feet
Mile (statute)
44.70
88.
1.467
1.609
.8684
26.82
Centimetres/sec
Feet/min
Feet/sec
Kilometres/hrs
Knots
Metres/min
8.7
Miles/min
Miles/min
Miles/min
Miles/min
2682.
88.
1.609
60.
Centimetres/sec
Feet/sec
Kilometres/min
Miles/hr
Milliers
1000.
Kilograms
Milligrams
.0010
Grams
Millilitres
.0010
Litres
Millimetres
Millimetres
.1
.03937
Centimetres
Inches
Milligrams/litre
1.
Parts/million
Million gals/day
1.54723
Cubic feet/sec
Minutes (angle)
.0002909
Radians
Newton
.22481
Pounds
Newton/cm2
Newton/cm2
Newton/m2
Newton/m2
Newton/m2
Newton-metre
Newton-metre
Ounces
Ounces
Ounces
10
10000
.0001
.001
.000145
kilopascal
Newton/m2
Newton/cm2
kilopascal
psi
.7376
1.02
Ft-lbs
Kilogram - metres
437.5
.0625
28.349527
Ounces (fluid)
Ounces (fluid)
1.805
.02957
Ounces/sq inch
.0625
Grains
Pounds
Grams
Cubic inches
Litres
psi
Parts/million
Parts/million
Parts/million
.0584
.07016
8.345
Grains/U.S. gal
Grains/Imperial gal
Lbs/million gal
Pascal
1.0
Newton/m2
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
16.
7000.
.0005
453.5924
.4536
.445
4.45
Ounces
Grains
Tons (short)
Grams
Kilograms
Decanewton
Newton
Pounds of Water
Pounds of Water
Pounds of Water
Pounds/ft
.01602
27.68
.1198
Cubic feet
Cubic inches
Gallons
1.4881
kilograms/metre
8.8
Pounds/100 ft2
Pounds/cubic foot
Pounds/cubic foot
Pounds/cubic foot
Pounds/cubic foot
Pounds/cubic inch
Pounds/cubic inch
Pounds/cubic inch
Pounds of water/min
Pounds/foot
.4788
Pascals
.01602
16.02
.0005787
.1337
Grams/cubic cm
Kgs/cubic metre
Lbs/cubic inch
pounds/gallon
27.68
27680.
1728.
Grams/cubic cm
Kgs/cubic metre
Lbs/cubic foot
.000267
1.488
Cubic ft/sec
Kgs/metre
Pounds/gallon
Pounds/gallon
Pounds/gallon
Pounds/gallon
Pounds/gallon
Pounds/gallon
.12
120.
.01175
.1198
.052
7.48
Grams/cubic cm
Kgs/metre3
Bars/metre
SG
psi/ft
lbs/cu. ft. (pcf)
Pounds/inch
178.6
Grams/cm
Pounds/sq foot
Pounds/sq foot
Pounds/sq foot
Psi
Psi
Psi
Psi
Psi
Psi
Psi/ft
Psi/ft
Psi/ft
.01602
.0004883
.006945
Feet of water
Kgs/sq cm
psi
.06804
2.307
2.036
.07031
6.895
6894.76
Atmospheres
Feet of water
Inches of mercury
Kgs/sq cm
Kilopascals
Newtons/m2
22.624
.2262
19.23
Kilopascals/metre
bars/metre
pounds/gallon
Pounds-force
Pounds-force
4.448
0.4448
Newtons
Decanewtons
Secs/quart
1.057
Secs/litre
Square centimetre
.1550
Square inchs
Square foot
Square foot
.0929
.1296
Square metres
Square vara (Texas)
Square inch
Square inch
Square kilometre
6.452
645.2
Square centimetres
Square millimetres
.3861
Square mile
8.9
Square metre
10.76
Square mile
Square mile
2.590
640.
Square feet
Square kilometres
Acre
.0981
Bars/metre
1.8
.5555
Temp (F.)
Temp (C.)
Tons (long)
Tons (long)
Tons (long)
1016.
2240.
1.12
Kilograms
Pounds
Tons (short)
Tonne (metric)
Tonne (metric)
Tonne (metric)
1000.
2205.
981.
Kilograms
Pounds
Decanewtons
1000000
1000
100
10
1
0.1
.01
.001
.000001
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
106
103
102
101
Base Unit
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-6
=
=
=
=
mega
kilo
hecto
deca
=
=
=
=
M
k
h
da
=
=
=
=
deci
centi
milli
micro
=
=
=
=
d
c
m
8.10