You are on page 1of 27



,
.






:
.

(, )
(
)
( )






.
.


:





.
:
, , ,
.



.
.


.
.
.

,

.

: =(1+)pL

(
)




()
()
()

Bismarck
Beveridge

( .)
( )
(.)
()
()






:








-




,
.

.
.

:



.


(4,5 1000 2003)



.

,
- .

 ..
.



4


(, )

( ).


( )

:


.


,
.

.







.






.


 .
(community rated risk)

(group rated risk)



.

.
 .

.


(..)


/ .


(adverse selection)


.




(Medicaid, Medicare)

. 30% (free riders)


( Medicare, Medicaid)

(..)



20% .


(Managed care)
.


10%
15% (2002).
1%
10% (2002).

, ,

.

,
.

,
.

(
)





.


.



,
.

,
.


(
)
.


.
.

,
.


,
.


,
.


( )
.

,
,
,
.


, .
.

.


( .)




.



-
.

( )


( )
( - )



(, )
( & ).








.
: , , , ,

















, .. .


( )

;
,
.

(
)



, .


.

.
.

, .


,
.


( )

:




:






.

.
,
.
,

. ( )
 ..
 ,

.
()
. (
)
 ,
( 1,5%
)
, ,
.


(Managed care)



:



.


(third party payer)


(HMOs) :



HMOs


, , ,
.

.


,
.


60%
, 70 85%

.

You might also like