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Stealth Technology Seminar Report
Stealth Technology Seminar Report
Seminar Report
On
Bachelor of Technology
In
Electrical Engineering
Abhishek
Assistant Lecturer
0913220007 [3rd yr]
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
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CONTENTS
S.No
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
5.1
5.2
6.
7.
7.1
7.2
7.3
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Details
Certificate
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Introduction
How does stealth technology
works?
RAS
RAM
Characteristics of stealth
technology
Methods to avoid detection
Stealthy Shapes
AWCT
Radar Absorbing Material
Detection methods
Advantages
Disadvantages
Future of Stealth Technology
Bibliography
Page
No.
3.
4.
5.
6.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
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16.
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20.
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CERTIFICATE
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
GNIT, UPTU UNIVERSITY
TO WHOMSOEVER IT MAY CONCERN
This is to certify that Mr. Abhishek Singh, student B.Tech
pre-final year, of Electrical Engineering Department at this
institute, has successfully delivered a seminar on the topic
STEALTH TECHNOLOGY under the guidance of
Er. Sanjay Rawat, Department of Electrical Engineering.
I appreciate his hard work & wish him success in his future
endeavour.
Electrical Engineering
Department
GNIT, Gr. Noida
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is matter of great pleasure for me to submit this
seminar report on STEATH TECHNOLOGY, as a
part of curriculum for award of Bachelor in
Technology (Electrical Engineering) degree of
Greater Noida Institute of Technology, Gr. Noida.
I am thankful to my seminar guide Mr. Sanjay Rawat,
Assistant Lecturer in Electrical Engg. Department for
his constant encouragement and able guidance.
I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of
gratitude towards those, who have helped me in various
ways, for preparing my seminar.
At the last but not least, I am thankful to my parents,
who had encouraged & inspired me with their blessings.
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ABHISHEK SINGH
ABSTRACT
Stealth aircraft are aircraft that use stealth technology to make
it harder to be detected by radar and other means than
conventional aircraft by employing a combination of features
to reduce visibility in the visual, audio, infrared and radio
frequency (RF) spectrum. Well known examples include the
United States' F-117 Nighthawk (1980s-2008), the B-2 Spirit
"Stealth Bomber," and the F-22 Raptor. While no aircraft is
totally invisible to radar, stealth aircraft limit current
conventional radar's abilities to detect or track them
effectively enough to prevent an attack. Stealth is
accomplished by using a complex design philosophy to reduce
the ability of an opponent's sensors to detect, track and attack
an aircraft. Modern stealth aircraft first became possible when
a mathematician working for Lockheed Aircraft during the
1970s adopted a mathematical model developed by Petr
Ufimtsev, a Russian scientist, to develop a computer program
called Echo 1. Echo made it possible to predict the radar
signature an aircraft made with flat panels, called facets. In
1975, engineers at Lockheed Skunk Works found that
an airplane made with faceted surfaces could have a very low
radar signature because the surfaces would radiate almost all
of the radar energy away from the receiver.
The first combat use of stealth aircraft was in December 1989
during Operation Just Cause in Panama. On December 20,
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INTRODUCTION
Stealth, a buzzword common in defence circles since the
early 80s, only became a mainstream reference in the nineties,
after the second Persian Gulf War in 1991.Night-enhanced
images of the otherworldly-shapedF-117s taking off in the
night and striking high-value targets with scarcely believable
precision and seeming invulnerability to thick air defences
were widely televised and etched in the memories of TV
viewers worldwide. The subsequent exposure of stealth
aircraft and their participation in numerous air operations in
the 90s, in combination with the loss of at least one F-117 in
Kosovo, has peeled off some of the mythical cloak
surrounding stealth. However, a lot of misconceptions about
the abilities and limitations of this technology still remain,
even amongst people in posts of high professional
responsibility. It is therefore useful to take a broad look at
how stealth works, what it can and what it cannot do. This
article will examine strictly the application of stealth in air
assets. Different technologies and strategies for stealth are the
province of land, naval and underwater forces. First of all,
although it is common to discuss the principles of stealth
technology (also referred to as VLO or Very Low Observables
technology) only as relevant to a narrow band of
the electromagnetic spectrum (radar emissions), stealth as a
design practice applies a wide range of signatures. Ben Rich,
the leader of the Lockheed team that designed the F-117, has
stated: "A stealth aircraft has to be stealthy in six disciplines:
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RAS
RAS or Radar Absorbent surfaces are the surfaces on the
aircraft, which can deflect the incoming radar waves and
reduce the detection range. RAS works due to the angles at
which the structures on the aircrafts fuselage or the fuselage
itself are placed. These structures can be anything from wings
to a refueling boom on the aircraft. The extensive use of RAS
is clearly visible in the F-117 Night Hawk. Due to the facts
(as they are called) on the fuselage, most of the incoming
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RAM
Radar absorbent surfaces absorb the incoming radar waves
rather than deflecting it in another direction. RAS totally
depends on the material with which the surface of the aircraft
is made. Though the composition of this material is a top
secret. The F-117 extensively uses RAM to reduce its radar
signature or its radar cross section.
The RAS is believed to be silicon based inorganic compound.
This is assumed by the information that the RAM coating on
the B-2 is not waterproof. This is just a supposition and may
not be true. What we know is that the RAM coating over B-2
is placed like a wrapping a cloth over the plane. When radar
sends a beam in the direction of the B-2, the radar waves are
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CHARACTERISTICS
TECHNOLOGY
OF
STEALTH
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METHODS TO AVOID
DETECTION
There are some methods by which planes can avoid detection.
These methods do not need any hi-tech equipment to avoid
detection. Some of the have been used for years together to
avoid detection. Some of the most common ways are listed
below:
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Stealthy Shape:
When we are using normal
Shape
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Radar absorbing
material
1. Nanostructural composite material, absorbing without
reflection radar wave.
DETECTION METHODS
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Advantages
DISADVANTAGES
Instability of design
Electromagnetic emission
Cost of maintenance
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Sensitive skin
Cost of operations
FUTURE OF STEALTH
TECHNOLOGY
Stealth technology is clearly the future of air combat. In the
future, as air defence systems grow more accurate and deadly,
stealth technology can be a factor for a decisive by a country
over the other. In the future, stealth technology will not only
be incorporated in fighters and bombers but also in ships,
helicopters, tanks and transport planes. These are evident from
the RAH-66 Comanche and the sea shadow stealth ship.
Ever since the Wright Brothers flew the first powered flight,
the advancements in this particular field of technology has
seen staggering heights. Stealth technology is just one of the
advancements that we have seen. In due course of time we can
see many improvements in the field of military aviation which
would one-day even make stealth technology obsolete.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stealthtecnology
HowStuffWorkshttp://defence.howstuffworks.com/stealth.htm
Images from http://images.Google.co.in
www.totalairdominance.50megs.com/articles/stealth.htm
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