ANU

ENGN 2211

AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Department of Engineering

ENGN 2211 Electronic Circuits and Devices

Problem Set #8 BJT CE Amplifier Circuits
Q1
Consider the common-emitter BJT amplifier circuit shown in Figure 1.
Assume VCC = 15 V, = 150, VBE = 0.7 V,
RE = 1 k, RC = 4.7 k, R1 = 47 k, R2 = 10 k, RL = 47 k, Rs = 100 .

+VCC

RC

R1

C2

C1

Rs

vo
RL
vs

vin

R2

RE

CE

Figure 1: The circuit for Question 1.

(a) Determine the Q-point.
(b) Sketch the DC load-line. What is the maximum (peak to peak) output voltage swing available in this
amplifier.
(c) Draw the AC equivalent circuit and determine the AC model parameters.
(d) Derive expressions for Rin , Rout , Avoc , Av , Ai , G.
(e) Find Rin , Rout , Avoc , Av , Ai , G.
(f) Find the output voltage waveform if vs = 10 103 sin(25000t). Sketch the source and output voltage
waveforms.
(g) Determine whether clipping will take place if vs = 25 103 sin(25000t).

Problem Set #8

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ENGN 2211

Q2
Consider the common-emitter BJT amplifier circuit shown in Figure 2.
Assume VCC = 15 V, = 150, VBE = 0.7 V,
RE = 2.7 k, RC = 4.7 k, R1 = 47 k, R2 = 10 k, RL = 47 k, Rs = 100 .

+VCC

RC

R1

C2

C1

Rs

vo
RL
vs

vin

R2

RE

CE

Figure 2: The circuit for Question 2.

(a) Determine the Q-point.
(b) Sketch the DC load-line. What is the maximum (peak to peak) output voltage swing available in this
amplifier.
(c) Draw the AC equivalent circuit and determine the AC model parameters.
(d) Derive expressions for Rin , Rout , Avoc , Av , Ai , G.
(e) Find Rin , Rout , Avoc , Av , Ai , G.
(f) Find the output voltage waveform if vs = 10 103 sin(25000t). Sketch the source and output voltage
waveforms.

Problem Set #8

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ANU

ENGN 2211

AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Department of Engineering

ENGN 2211 Electronic Circuits and Devices

Problem Set #8 Solution
Q1
Complete Solution
Given that VCC = 15 V, = 150, VBE = 0.7 V,
RE = 1 k, RC = 4.7 k, R1 = 47 k, R2 = 10 k, RL = 47 k, Rs = 100 .
+VCC

RC

R1

C2

C1

Rs

vo
RL
vs

vin

R2

RE

CE

(a)
Analyzing the DC Voltage-divider bias circuit, we have
VT H

=
=

RT H

=
=

IB

=
=

IC
IE
VE
VC
VCE

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Problem Set #8

R2
VCC
R1 + R2
10k
(15) = 2.63 V
10k + 47k
R2 R1
R1 + R2
(10k)(47k)
= 8.2456 k
10k + 47k
VT H VBE
RT H + ( + 1)RE
2.63 0.7
= 12.12 A
8.2456k + (151)(1k)
IB
(150)(12.12) = 1.8179 mA
( + 1)IB
(151)(12.12) = 1.83 mA
IE RE
(1.83m)(1k) = 1.83 V
VCC IC RC
15 (1.8179m)(4.7k) = 6.456 V
VCC IC RC IE RE
15 (1.8179m)(4.7k) (1.83m)(1k) = 4.626 V
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ENGN 2211

As IB > 0 and VCE > 0.2 V, the transistor is in active region of operation.
The Q-point lies at
ICQ
VCEQ

= 1.8179 mA
= 4.626 V

(b)
For ideal cut-off
= VCC = 15 V

VCE(o f f )

For ideal saturation

IC(sat)

VCC
15
=
= 2.63 mA
RC + RE
5.7k

The plot of DC load line is shown in figure below

3
Ideal Saturation

Current IC (mA)

2.5
2

Qpoint
1.5
1
0.5
Ideal Cutoff
0

10

15

Voltage VCE (V)

We see that the Q-point lies closer to saturation (VCE = 0.2 V) than cut-off (VCE = 15 V).
Hence the maximum available peak to peak output voltage swing = 2(VCEQ 0.2) = 8.852 V.

(c)
Replacing the capacitors by short circuits and VCC by virtual AC ground, the AC equivalent circuit is

Rs
vo
vs

Problem Set #8

vin

RC RL
R1

R2

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ENGN 2211

Replacing the transistor by the small-signal AC equivalent circuit, we have

iin

Rs

ib

ic

B
vs

vin

RB vbe

io

C
r i b

RC

vo

RL

The AC Model parameters are

re

=
=

r
RB
0

RL

=
=
=
=
=
=

26 mV
IEQ
26
= 14.207
1.83
( + 1)re
(151)(14.207) = 2.1453 k
R1 ||R2
8.2456 k
RL ||RC
(47 k)||(4.7 k) = 4.27 k

(d)
For derivations, please see Lecture 13.

(e)
The BJT CE amplifier parameters are
Rin
Ro
Avoc

=
=
=
=
=
=

Av

=
=

Ai

=
=

G =
=

Problem Set #8

RB ||r
(8.2456 k)||(2.1453 k) = 1.7024 k
RC
4.7 k
RC

r
(4.7 k)(150)
= 328.62
2.1453 k
0
R
L
r
(4.27 k)(150)
= 298.56
2.1453 k
Rin
Av
RL
1.7024 k
(298.56)
= 10.81
47 k
Ai Av
(10.81)(298.56) = 3228.69

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ENGN 2211

(f)
Finding the equation for output voltage with load, we have
vs
vin

vo

= 10 103 sin(25000t)
Rin
=
vs
Rs + Rin
1.7024 k
=
vs
100 + 1.7024 k
= 0.9445vs
= Av vin
= (298.56)(0.9445 vs )
= (298.56)(0.9445)(10 103 sin(25000t))
= 2.82 sin(25000t)

The required peak to peak output voltage swing = 2(2.82)=5.64 V.

The maximum available peak to peak output voltage swing = 8.852 V > 5.64 V.
Hence no clipping will take place.
The -ve sign indicates that output voltage is 180 out of phase with input voltage (inverting amplifier).
1
The time period is T = 5000
= 0.2 ms.
The sketch of input and output voltages is shown in figures below:- (Note y-axis has different units in the two
figures)

10

3
X: 0.00015
Y: 2.824

Voltage vo (V)

Voltage vs (mV)

1
0
1

5
2
10

0.1

0.2
Time t (ms)

0.3

0.4

Figure 3: Source voltage vs (t).

0.1

0.2
Time t (ms)

0.3

0.4

Figure 4: Output voltage vo (t).

(g)
For vs = 25 103 sin(25000t), we have
vo

=
=
=
=

Av vin
(298.56)(0.9445 vs )
(298.56)(0.9445)(25 103 sin(25000t))
7.05 sin(25000t)

The required peak to peak output voltage swing = 2(7.05)=14.1 V.

However the maximum available peak to peak output voltage swing = 8.852 V < 14.1 V.
Hence clipping will take place.
See ProbSet08_Q1.sch.

Problem Set #8

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ANU

ENGN 2211

Q2
Solution
Given that VCC = 15 V, = 150, VBE = 0.7 V,
RE = 2.7 k, RC = 4.7 k, R1 = 47 k, R2 = 10 k, RL = 47 k, Rs = 100 .
+VCC

RC

R1

C2

C1

Rs

vo
RL
vs

vin

R2

RE

CE

(a)
Analyzing the DC Voltage-divider bias circuit, we have
VT H
RT H
IB
IC
IE
VC
VE
VCE

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

2.63 V
8.2456 k
4.64 A
0.696 mA
0.7006 mA
11.72 V
1.89 V
9.837 V

As IB > 0 and VCE > 0.2 V, the transistor is in active region of operation.
The Q-point lies at
ICQ
VCEQ

= 0.696 mA
= 9.837 V

Problem Set #8

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ENGN 2211

(b)
For ideal saturation and cut-off
VCE(o f f )
IC(sat)

= 15 V
= 2.027 mA

The plot of DC load line is shown in figure below

3

Current IC (mA)

2.5
2 Ideal Saturation
1.5
1
Qpoint
0.5
Ideal Cutoff
0

10

15

Voltage VCE (V)

We see that the Q-point lies closer to cut-off (VCE = 15 V) than saturation (VCE = 0.2 V).
Hence the maximum available peak to peak output voltage swing = 2(VCC VCEQ ) = 10.34 V.

(c)
The AC Model parameters are
re
r
RB
0
RL

=
=
=
=

37.11
5.6037 k
8.2456 k
4.27 k

(d)
For derivations, please see Lecture 13.

(e)
The BJT CE amplifier parameters are
Rin
Ro
Avoc
Av
Ai
G

=
=
=
=
=
=

Problem Set #8

3.336 k
4.7 k
125.81
114.3
8.11
926.97

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ENGN 2211

(f)
vs
vin
vo

= 10 103 sin(25000t)
= 0.97089vs
= 1.11 sin(25000t)

The required peak to peak output voltage swing = 2(1.11)=2.2 V.

The maximum available peak to peak output voltage swing = 10.34 V > 2.2 V.
Hence no clipping will take place.
The sketch of input and output voltages is shown in figures below:- (Note y-axis has different units in the two
figures)
2

10

X: 0.00015
Y: 1.111

1.5
1
Voltage vo (V)

Voltage vs (mV)

0.5
0
0.5
1

1.5
10

0.1

0.2
Time t (ms)

0.3

Figure 5: Source voltage vs (t).

0.4

0.1

0.2
Time t (ms)

0.3

0.4

Figure 6: Output voltage vo (t).

See ProbSet08_Q2.sch.

Problem Set #8

page 9