ProblemsonWaveguides:

1. A rectangular waveguide is 5.1 cm by 2.4 cm (inside measurements). (a) Calculate

the cutoff frequency of the dominant mode. (b) Calculate the lowest frequency and
determinethemodeclosesttothedominantmode

1 2
m
n
0 2
f c = 1.5x10 8 ( ) 2 + ( ) 2 = 1.5 x10 8 (
) +(
) = 2.94 GHz
0.051
a
b
0.024
(b)TMmodeswithm=0orn=0arenotpossibleinarectangularwaveguide.TE0,1,
TE2,0andTE0,2modesarepossible.Forthemodes,cutofffrequenciesareasfollows:
0 2
1 2
TE0 ,1 : f c = 1.5 x10 8 (
) +(
) = 6.25 GHz
0.051
0.024
2 2
0 2
) +(
TE2 ,0 : f c = 1.5 x10 8 (
) = 5.882 GHz
0.051
0.024
0 2
2 2
TE0 , 2 : f c = 1.5x10 8 (
) +(
) = 12.5 GHz
0.051
0.024

Hence, the TE2,0 mode has the lowest cutoff frequency of all modes except the
TE1,0dominantmode.

2.Awaveispropagatedinaparallelplanewaveguide.Thefrequencyis6GHz,and
the plane separation is 3 cm. Calculate: (a) the cutoff wavelength for the dominant
mode; (b) wavelength in the waveguide; (c) the group and phase velocities; (d)
characteristicwaveimpedance
2a 2( 3)
(a) c =
=
= 6 cm
m
1
c 3 x10 8
(b) = =
= 0.05 m = 5 cm
f 6 x10 9
(c)Forthegroupvelocity:
v g = c 1 ( / c ) 2 = 3x10 8 1 (0.05 / 0.06) 2 = 1.658 x10 8 m / s
Forthephasevelocity:
c 2 = v g v p ; v p = c 2 / v g = ( 3 x10 8 ) 2 / 1.658 x10 8 = 5.428 x10 8 m / s
(d) ZTE =

ZO
120
=
= 682
2
1 ( / c )
1 (0.05 / 0.06) 2

3.Itisnecessarytopropagatea10GHzsignalinawaveguidewhosewallseparationis
6 cm. What is the greatest number of halfwaves of electric intensity which it will be
possible to establish between two walls (i.e., the largest value of m)? Calculate the

guide wavelength and the characteristic wave impedance for this mode of
propagation.
Solution:
3 x10 8
c
= =
= 0.03 m = 3 cm
f 10 x10 9

The wave will propagate in the waveguide as long as the waveguides cutoff
wavelengthisgreaterthanthefreespacewavelengthofthesignal: c>
Whenm=1:
2 a 2(6)
c =
=
= 12 cm Thismodewillpropagate.
m
1
Whenm=2:
2 a 2(6)
c =
=
= 6 cm Thismodewillpropagate.
m
2
Whenm=3:
2 a 2(6)
c =
=
= 4 cm Thismodewillpropagate.
m
3
Whenm=4:
2 a 2(6)
c =
=
= 3 cm ThismodewillNOTpropagate.
m
4

The greatest number of halfwaves of electric intensity that can be established

betweenthewallsis3.
Fortheguidewavelength:

3
g =
=
= 4.54 cm
1 ( / c ) 2
1 ( 3 / 4) 2
Forthecharacteristicwaveimpedance
ZO
120
=
= 570
ZTE =
2
1 ( / c )
1 (0.03 / 0.04) 2
4.Calculatethecutoffwavelength,theguidewavelengthandthecharacteristic wave
impedance of a circular waveguide whose internal diameter is 4 cm, for a 10GHz
signalpropagatedinitintheTE1,1mode.
c
3 x10 8
= =
= 0.03 m = 3 cm
f 10 x10 9
2 r 2 ( 4 / 2)
c =
=
= 6.82 cm
Bm , n
1.84
ZO
120
=
= 420
ZTE =
2
1 ( / c )
1 (0.03 / 0.0682) 2