Qu trnh ng gi d liu v tho gi d liu

Qu trnh ng gi d liu v
tho gi d liu
Bi:
Vien CNTT DHQG Hanoi

Qu trnh ng gi d liu v tho gi d liu:

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Qu trnh ng gi d liu v tho gi d liu

nh dng header ca n v d liu (packet) ti tng 3(tng mng):

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Qu trnh ng gi d liu v tho gi d liu

nh dng header ca gi tin (segment) ti tng 4 (tng vn ti)

nh dng header n v d liu (frame) ti tng 2 (tng lin k d liu)

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Qu trnh ng gi d liu v tho gi d liu

Giao thc TCP

Khi nim

TCP l mt giao thc hng kt ni(connection-oriented), hot ng trn lp giao

vn(Transport) ca chng giao thc TCP/IP.
TCP c cc c trng sau:

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Qu trnh ng gi d liu v tho gi d liu

To cu ni, mt kt ni c thit lp gia cc thit b u cui trc khi

truyn.
Tin cy, iu khin lung(follow control) v bo nhn(acknowlegement).
TCP ct bn tin(message) thnh cc Segment v gi i.
Ti ni nhn n li ti to li bn tin(message) t cc Segment .
Truyn li bt c segment b li.
TCP h tr cc knh o(virtual circuit) gia cc ng dng u cui.
V d mt s giao thc s dng TCP: FTP, HTTP, SMNP, Telnet
nh dng thng ip TCP:

nh dng thng ip TCP

ngha cc trng:
Source port - ch s ca port gi
Destination port - ch s ca port c gi
Sequence number- ch s c dng m bo tnh chnh xc ca tun
t d liu n.
Acknowledgement Number Octet TCP ang c trng ch.
HLEN - s lng cc t 32 bit trong header
Reserved - tr v 0
Code bits cc chc nng iu khin(nh thit lp hay kt thc mt phin thng tin).
Window - s lng octet m ngi gi sn sng chp nhn

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Qu trnh ng gi d liu v tho gi d liu

Checksum - Kt qu tnh ton kiu tng cho cc field header d liu.

Urgent pointer - ch ra im kt thc ca d liu khn.
Option-one option- kch thc ti a ca mt segment.
Data - gi liu ca giao thc lp trn.
Qu trnh thit lp kt ni cn gi l bt tay 3 bc
ton b cc hot ng truyn tin gia hai my trong mng c th din ra th phi hnh
thnh knh lin lc hay mt kt ni gia chng. Qu trnh din ra nh sau :

Phng thc kt ni gia hai ng dng

1: ULP B gi s l mt chng trnh mail server M. Do l server nn lc no n cng
ch i s kt ni.
2: ULP A l chng trnh nhn th in t ca bn. kt ni, bn gi yu cu kt ni
xung cho tng TCP.
3: TCP chun b mt gi d liu TCP vi c SYN=1 yu cu c s ng b ho, SEQ
c th ly bt k gi tr no, y l =100 v gi cho TCP B.
4: Sau khi nhn gi d liu c SYN=1, TCP B gi tr li mt thng bo c SYN=1,
ACK=101, SEQ c th ly bt k gi tr no, y l =177.
5: TCP A nhn c gi d liu t TCP B s gi tip mt gi d liu c ACK=178.
6: TCP A chuyn chp nhn kt ni ln chng trnh A.

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Qu trnh ng gi d liu v tho gi d liu

7: Sau khi nhn nt gi d liu c ACK=178, TCP B chuyn chp nhn kt ni ln

chng trnh B.
Cung cp iu khin dng bng dch v trt ca s

Giao thc UDP:

User Datagram Protocol(UDP) l giao thc phi kt ni (connectionless) hot ng trn
lp giao vn(Transport) ca chng giao thc TCP/IP. UDP c cc tnh cht sau:
UDP n gin v hiu qu, nhng khng tin cy
UDP l giao thc phi kt ni(connectionless)
Khng c c ch bo nhn(acknowledgement) m bo d liu i n ch.
Khng cung cp c ch iu khin lung(follow control).
Tnh tin cy ca d liu s c kim tra nh cc giao thc lp trn.

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Qu trnh ng gi d liu v tho gi d liu

V d mt s giao thc s dng UDP: TFTP, SNMP, DHCP, DNS

nh dng thng ip UDP:

nh dng thng ip UDP

ngha ca cc trng:
Source Port: Ch s ca port gi
Destination Port: Ch s ca port c gi
Length: di ca UDP Datagram tnh theo Octet, bao gm
c phn u UDP v d liu ca ngi s dng.
Checksum: L vng tu chn, cung cp cch duy nht m bo d liu nhn c
nguyn vn.
Data: D liu ca lp trn.

Cc cng dch v v mt s dch v thng dng

C TCP v UDP u s dng cc ch s port chuyn thng tin ln cc lp trn. Cc
ch s port dng theo di cc cuc m thoi khc nhau xuyn qua mng cng mt
lc.
Nhng ngi pht trin phn mm ng dng thng nht dng cc ch s port c bit
c kim sot bi IANA.V d ng dng FTP s dng ch s port chun l 21

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Qu trnh ng gi d liu v tho gi d liu

Mt s dch v thng dng

Cc ch s port c cc di sau:
Cc ch s Port nh hn 255 cho cc ng dng cng cng
Cc ch s Port t 255-1023 c gn cho cc cng ty trong cc ng dng
thng mi
Cc ch s port ln hn 1023 khng c quy nh sp xp r rng.

Cc giao thc khc

Giao thc IPX
L b giao thc c quyn ca hng Novell, h tr h iu hnh Novell Netware, l giao
thc c th nh tuyn trn cc router t v vy c th kt ni internet bng giao thc
ny. Phng php nh a ch da trn a ch MAC ca cc nt mng v ch s mng
do ngi qun tr qui nh hnh v:

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Qu trnh ng gi d liu v tho gi d liu

Cu trc IPX gm 3 tng (so snh vi m hnh OSI)

a ch ca IPX c 80 bit gm 32 bit mng v 48 bt a ch MAC

Giao thc NetBIOS
L mt giao thc, cng ngh ni mng ca Windows. N c thit k trong mi trng
mng LAN chia s ti nguyn (nh dng chung cc File, Folder, my in v nhiu ti
nguyn khc...). M hnh ny rt ging m hnh mng ngang hng 2P. Thng thng
mt mng dng giao thc Netbios thng l Netbios Datagram Service (Port 138),
Netbios Session Service (Port 139) hoc c hai.
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