Chapter 22: Exile in Dapitan

Rizal after being charged with anti-government and anti-Catholic acts because of the pamphlets
seen under his pillow, he was sent to an island in the south.

Gov. Gen. Eulogio Despujol ordered Rizal to be exiled in Dapitan

While Rizal was in Dapitan. he lived an idyllic and productive life away from politics
While he was in Dapitan, he did the following things:
buy huge hectares of land and plant crops
built a school for buys
beautify the town plaza of Dapxtan with the help of Fr Sanchez
discovered new species of animals
built a water system for Dapitan
built lamp posts for the town plaza
invented a wooden cigarette lighter
businessman with the business of buy and sell of hemps
continued to practice medicine (opthalmology)
while he was in Dapitan, he had foreign patients
One of the foreign patients was Mr. Taufer, the adoptive parent of Josephine Bracken.
Josephine and Jose fell in love at first sight.
Fr. Obach refused to solemnize the marriage of Josephine and Jose, so they held hands and
exchanged in their vows without the blessings of the priest and lived as husband and wife

While Rizal was in Dapitan, Andres Bonifacio, leading the Katipunan, was already planning to
start the bloody revolution against the Spanish government

Josephine got pregnant. while she ws 8 months in her pregnancy, Rizal played a prank on her
that made her go into premature labor. Their child live only for 3 hours. they named him
Francisco, in honor of Rizals father.
When Rizal heard of the war in Cuba between the Spanish and Americans, he offered his
services as a military doctor, and his offer was accepted by Gov. Gen. Blanco.

Chapter 23: Last Trip Abroad (1896)

From Dapitan to Manila. July 31,1896, he left with the steamer, Espaa
The state of war was proclaimed in the eight provinces
Manila
Cavite
Bulacan
Batangas
Laguna
Pampanga
Nueva Ecija
Tarlac
He received two letters of introduction for the minister of war and the minister of colonies, with

covering letter that absolved him from all blame for raging revolutions. To: Blumentritt To His
Mother.. "as promised i am addressing you a few lines before leaving, to let you know about the
condition of my health, i am well thank God, I am only concerned as so what will happen or shall
have happened to you in these days of upheaval and disorder. God will that my old father may
not have any indisposition. i shall write to you from places where the boat stops. I expect to be in
madrid or barcelona at the end of the month."
With nothing more my very dear mother. I kiss your hand and that of my father with all love and
affection, give me your blessings of which i am much needed."
Rizal was transferred to the steamer Isla de Panay going to Barcelona, Spain. Rizal in
Singapore The following morning Rizal and the other passengers went ashore for sightseeing
and shopping for souvenirs.
In his travel diary he wrote that he had observed there are more chinese merchants and less
indian. Singapore has changed since he first saw it in 1882. Rizal was urged by his fellow
passengers to stay in singapore to save his life.
But he ignored their appeal because he had given a word of honor to Governor General Blanco
and did not like to break it Don Pedro a fellow passenger with his son, disembarked at
singapore. Advised rizal to stay behind too to take advantage of the protection of the british law
The steamer isla de panay arrived at singapore in the evening of Sept. 7, 1896 Rizal arrested
before reaching Barcelona His Mistake.. Rizal noted. "There are people on board who do

nothing but slander me and invent fanciful stories aboutm e. I'm going to become a legendary
personage."
Sept. 30, the steamer anchored at malta. he was officialy notified by the captain alemany that he
should stay in his cabin for further orders from manila. Sept. 28, a passenger told rizal that he
would be arrested by order of Governor General Blanco and would be sent to prison in Ceuta
(spanish morocco).
Shocked by alarming news, Rizal belatedly realized that he was duped by the unscrupulous
Spanish officials, particularly the sly Blanco. With an agonizing heart he immediately.. Sept. 25,
he saw the steamer isla de luzon, leaving the suez canal, crammed with spanish troops.
Two days later he heard from the passengers that a telegram arrived from manila reporting the
execution of Francisco Roxas, Genato and Osorio. The truth of the matter was blanco and the
Minister of War and Colonies were exchanging coded telegrams and confidential messeges for
his arrest upon reaching Barcelona and that he was a deportee and was kept under surveillance
Unaware of the spanish duplicity, particularly of Governor General Blanco's infernal deceit, he
happily continued his voyage towards Barcelona He sealed his own doom.
By Refusing to break his word of honor in singapore, he thought General Blanco was a man of
honor because he let him to go as a free man to spain to become a physician-surgeon of the
spanish army in cuba, and gave him two letters of introduction addressed to the Spanish
minister of war and colonies (cc) photo by theaucitron on Flickr (cc) photo by theaucitron on
Flickr Victim of Duplicity To his Best Friend Blumentritt..
Isla de panay arrived in Barcelona His jailor was not the ship captain but the military
Commander who happend to be General Eulogio Despujol, the one who ordered his banishment
in Dapitan. October 6, Rizal was escorted to the grim and infamous prison-fortress named
Monjuich where he spent the whole morning. Afternoon at 2, he was brought to the headquarters
of General Despujol. In the interview told rizal he would be shipped back to manila on board the
transport ship colon which was leaving evening after the interview, Rizal was taken aboard the
colon which was "full of soldiers" At 8:00p.m. the ship left Barcelona with rizal on board

Chapter 24: Last Homecoming and Trial

On October 6, 1896 at 8:00 in the evening, Rizal leaves Barcelona and is bound for Manila. He
was given a second class cabin in the transport ship Colon. He had a diary with him which he
wrote about his homecoming journey.
`
Confiscation of Rizal's Diary
The Spanish authorities who were on board Colon knew that Rizal had been keeping track of the
daily events in the ship on his diary. They were curious and their suspicion was aroused for they
were fearful that Rizal might be writing something seditious or treasonable.
On October 11, before reaching Port Said, Rizal's diary was confiscated by the Spanish authorities
and was critically scrutinized. The Spanish authorities did not find anything incriminating in Rizal's
diary. The diary was then returned to Rizal on the 2nd of November.
Rescue Attempt in Singapore
News of Rizal's predicament reached his friends in Singapore and Europe. Dr. Antonio Ma.
Regidor and Sixto Lopez dispatched telegrams to an English lawyer in Singapore names Hugh
Fort to save Rizal from the Spanish steamer.
The plan was to rescue Rizal by means of a Writ of Habeas Corpus. Unfortunately, Chief Justice
Loinel Cox denied the Writ on the ground that Colon was a warship of a foreign power which was
beyond the jurisdiction of Singapore authorities.
Arrival in Manila
On November 3, Colon reached Manila. On his arrival, Rizal was then transported to Fort Santiago
under heavy guard of Spanish troops. While Rizal was in Fort Santiago, the Spanish authorities
were fishing for evidence against Dr. Jose Rizal.
Many Filipino patriots including Deodato Arelano, Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Moises Salvador, Temoteo
Paez and even Rizal's brother Paciano were arrested and brutally tortured to implicate Rizal.
Paciano suffered many broken bones including his left hand.
Homecoming.
Preliminary Investigation

On the 20th of November, Rizal appeared before the judge advocate Col. Francisco Olive. Rizal
was subjected to a grueling five day trial. He answered all questions thrown at him but he was not
allowed to confront his accusers. The court had presented two kinds of evidences against Rizal,
namely documentary and testimonial. The documentary evidence consisted of fifteen exhibits.
On the 26th of November, Col. Olive transmitted the reports of Rizal's case to Gov. Gen. Ramon
Blanco and the latter appointed Capt. Rafael Dominguez as special judge to take action against
Rizal. Immediately, Dominguez resumed the investigation against Rizal and returned the papers to
Gov. Gen. Blanco.
Gov. Gen. Blanco transmitted the documents to Judge Advocate General, Don Nicolas de la Pena
for an opinion. After studying the documents, de la Pena recommended the following: (1) the
accused be brought to trial, (2) he should be kept in prison, (3) an order for payment of one million
pesos be issued to Rizal and (4) he should be defended in court by an army officer.
Rizal Chooses His Defender
Rizal had to make the choice for his defender. His choices were limited as the list of possible army
lawyers was provided for him. On the 8th of December, Rizal was given the list of 100 lieutenants
in the Spanish army. One name in the list struck his fancy, Don Luis Taviel de Andrade, who was
actually the brother of his former body guard, Jose de Andrade. Don Luis Taviel de Andrade was
Rizal's choice for a lawyer.
Accusations Against Rizal
On December 11, Rizal was formally given his charges. He was accused of being "the principal
organizer and the living soul of the Filipino insurrection, the founder of societies, periodicals and
books dedicated to fomenting and propagating ideas of rebellion." With these charges, Rizal had
raised no objection but he pleaded 'not guilty' to the court. He waived the right to amend or make
any further statements already made, except that he had taken no part in politics since his exile in
Dapitan.
A New Governor General
On the 13th of December, Gen. Camilo de Polavieja took the seat of General Blanco as governor
general of the Philippines. The withdrawal of Blanco from the position had sealed Rizal's fate as
Polavieja was ruthless and was biased against Rizal.
Polavieja Signs Rizal's Execution
On the 28th of December, Polavieja approved the decision of the court-martial and ordered that
Rizal be shot at 7:00am on December 30 at Bagumbayan Field (Luneta). His approval for the
death penalty was then forwarded to Judge Advocate Capt. Don Rafael Dominguez for
compliance. This fatal document signed by Capt. Dominguez sealed the fate of Dr. Jose Rizal
Mercado.
Chapter 25: Martyrdom at Bagumbayan
28 December: Polavieja signs the death verdict.
29 December, 6:00 AM: Rizal was read his verdict by Captain Rafael Dominguez: To be shot the
next day at 7:00 AM at the Luneta de Bagumbayan (Rizal Park).
29 December, 7:00 AM: Rizal was transferred to the chapel cell adorned by religious images to
convince him to go back to the Catholic fold. His first visitors were Jesuit priests Fathers Miguel
Saderra Mata and Luis Viza.
29 December, 7:15 AM: After Fr. Saderra left, Rizal asked Fr. Viza for the Sacred Heart statuette
which he carved when he was an Ateneo student. From his pocket the statuette appears.
29 December, 8:00 AM: Fr. Viza was relieved by Fr. Antonio Rosell who joined Rizal for breakfast.
Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade joins them.
29 December, 9:00 AM: Fr. Federico Faura, who once said that Rizal would lose his head for
writing the Noli Me Tangere, arrived. Rizal told him, Father you are indeed a prophet.
29 December, 10:00 AM: Fathers Jos Vilaclara and Vicente Balaguer visisted Rizal, followed by a
Spanish journalist, Santiago Mataix of El Heraldo de Madrid, for an interview.
29 December, 12:00-3:30 PM: Rizals time alone in his cell. He had lunch, wrote letters and
probably wrote his last poem of 14 stanzas which he wrote in his flowing handwriting in a very

small piece of paper. He hid it inside his alcohol stove. The untitled poem was later known as Mi
Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell). In its second stanza, he already praised the revolutionaries in the
battlefield for giving their lives without doubt, without gloom.
29 December, 3:30 PM: Fr. Balaguer visits again and, according to him, talks to Rizal about
retracting his anti-Catholic writings and his being a mason.
29 December, 4:00 PM: Visit of Rizals mother, Teodora Alonso. Then Rizals sister Trinidad
entered to get her mother and Rizal whispered to her in English referring to the alcohol stove,
There is something inside. They were also accompanied by Narcisa, Lucia, Josefa, Maria and
son Mauricio Cruz. Leoncio Lopez Rizal, Narcisas eleven-year-old son, was not allowed to enter
the cell. While leaving for their carriages, an official handed over the alcohol stove to Narcisa.
After their visit, Fathers Vilaclara and Estanislao March returned to the cell followed by Father
Rosell.
29 December, 6:00 PM: Rizal was visited by the Dean of the Manila Cathedral, Don Silvino Lopez
Tuon. Fathers Balaguer and March left Father Vilaclara to be with the two.
29 December, 8:00 PM: Rizals last supper where he informed Captain Dominguez that he already
forgave those who condemned him.
29 December, 9:30 PM: Rizal was visited by the fiscal of the Royal Audiencia of Manila, Don
Gaspar Cestao with whom Rizal offered the best chair of the cell. According to accounts, the
fiscal left with a good impression of Rizals intelligence and noble character.
30 December, 3:00 AM: According to Father Balaguers account, Rizal asked to have confession,
hear mass and be given Holy Communion. Allegedly he also signed the document retracting his
anti-Catholic writings and his membership in masonry. This series of events is still a contentious
issue among Rizal experts.
30 December, 5:30 AM: Rizal took his last meal. According to stories told to Narcisa by Lt. Luis
Taviel de Andrade, Rizal threw some eggs in the corner of a cell for the poor rats, Let them have
their fiesta too. Rizal also wrote to his family and to his brother.
30 December, 5:30 AM: Teary-eyed Josephine Bracken and Josefa Rizal came. Josephine was
gifted by Rizal with the classic Thomas Kempis book Imitations of Christ in which he inscribed,
To my dear and unhappy wife, Josephine, December 30th, 1896, Jose Rizal. They embraced for
the last time.
30 December, 6:00 AM: Rizal wrote his father, Francisco Mercado My beloved Father, Pardon me
for the pain with which I repay you for sorrows and sacrifices for my education. I did not want nor
did I prefer it. Goodbye, Father, goodbye Jose Rizal. To his mother, he had only these words,
To my very dear Mother, Sra. Da Teodora Alonso 6 oclock in the morning, December 30, 1896.
Jose Rizal.
30 December 6:30 am: a trumpet sounded at Fort Santiago to signal the death march to
Bagumbayan.
Martyrdom of a Hero
He bid farewell to the priests.
Conclusion
His writings awakened Filipino nationalism and paved the way for the Philippine revolution. He
proved that the "pen is mightier than the sword".
Aftermath of a Hero-Martyr's death
After the hero's execution
the Spanish spectators shouted "Viva
Espaa!" "Muerte a los Traidores" and the band
joining the jubilance over his death