Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Page 4-1
R1
C1
C2
R2
RE
Electronic Fundamentals II
Page 4-2
10.1
VCC = 10 V
C1
mA
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
860 mA
IC
hFE= 150
C2
R2
20 kW
RE
5 kW
IC(sat) = VCC
RE
= 10V
DC
5 kW
Lo
ad
= 2 mA
Li
n
IC(sat) = VCC
RE
1.00
Q point
0.50
6
5.7 V
10
12
VCE
VCE(off) = VCC
Electronic Fundamentals II
Page 4-3
10.2
R1
25 kW
C1
C2
R2
33 kW
RE
2 kW
RL
5 kW
(a)
R1 R2
rE
(b)
re + r )
T Model
re
vin
R1 R2
rE
(c)
vout
Page 4-4
Electronic Fundamentals II
AV = 1 ( when rE >> re )
Example 10.3 illustrates the calculation of the voltage gain.
Current Gain
The current gain for the emitter follower is found as:
Zin rE
Ai = hfc
Zbase RL
Electronic Fundamentals II
10.2
Page 4-5
Page 4-6
Electronic Fundamentals II
Summary
! The value of Zbase is typically higher than the common
emitter amplifier.
!
!
Electronic Fundamentals II
Page 4-7
2 kW
RE
8 kW
RL
(a)
Z in = R1 R2 Z base
20 V
30 kW
R1
Decoupling Capacitors
See Section 10.3.2 in the text
39 kW
R2
2 kW
RE
(b)
8 kW
RL
Page 4-8
Electronic Fundamentals II
10.3
R1
VCC
R3
current amplification
vin
is needed without
voltage gain
R5
Q1
Q2
impedance matching
is required.
R2
R4
R6
vout
R7
Impedance Matching
We know that maximum power is transferred to a load when the
source and load impedances are equal.
When the two impedances are equal, they are said to be matched.
Electronic Fundamentals II
Page 4-9
VCC
High Input
Impedance (Zin)
144 kW
R1
C1
C2
RE
Low output
Impedance (Zout)
20 W
Page 4-10
Electronic Fundamentals II
10.3
Source
Zout
144 kW
Load
Figure A
Impedance
Mismatch
Z in
20 W
Emitter Follower
Load
Zout
144 kW
in
Z
out
20 W
in
Figure B
Electronic Fundamentals II
Page 4-11
FC
fc
FE
fe
Electronic Fundamentals II
Page 4-12
R1
10 kW
RC
Q2
RG
600 W
VG
C1
Q1
10 mF
R2
2.2k W
RE
680 W
hFC = 100
hfc = 100
hFE = 100
hfe = 100
CE +
470 mF
RL
270 W
Electronic Fundamentals II
Page 4-13
3.6 kW
R1
10 kW
RC
Q2
RG
C1
600 W
Q1
10 mF
R2
2.2k W
1.1 V
+10 V
RE
680 W
hFC = 100
hfc = 100
hFE = 100
hfe = 100
CE +
RL
270 W
470 mF
3
Zin = Zbase
Zin = hfc(re + rE)
VC1= 10 V ((1.61 mA)(3.6 kW))
= 100(1.95 W + 270 W)
= 4.2 V
= 27.2 kW
4 Direct Coupled Output Stage
2 For Q2
Find the ac collector resistance
VC1= VB2= 4.2 V
of the CE amplifier
VE2= 4.2 V 0.7 V = 3.5 V
rc = RC || RL
3.5 V
IE2 = 270 W = 12.9 mA
= 3.6 kW || 27.2 kW
= 3.18 kW
25
mA
re2= 12.9 mA = 1.95 W
5 Finally, find the voltage gain
of the stage
3 Now, calculate Zin of the
AV = rC = 3.18 kW = 205.16
emitter follower
re1 15.5W
Since the emitter follower has a
Since there are no biasing
voltage gain of approximately 1,
resistors, the value of Zin is
the total voltage gain at the load
simply Zbase
is approximately 205.16
25 mA = 15.5 W
re= 1.61
mA
continued
Page 4-14
Electronic Fundamentals II
+10 V
10 kW
RG
600 W
C1
C2
10 mF
10 mF
R2
2.2 kW
RE
680 W
CE +
470 mF
= 3.6 kW || 270W
= 251 W
This much lower resistance causes the gain to drop to:
AV =
r
re
= 251 W = 16.2
15.5W
RL
270 W
Electronic Fundamentals II
10.4
Page 4-15
VB1
VCC
IC1
IC2
Vin
IB1
R2
R2
VCC
R1 + R2
VE2
IE2
and
Vout
IE1= I B2
VE2
IE2= R
E
RE
Electronic Fundamentals II
Page 4-16
10.4
ac Analysis
The input impedance is found in the usual way for voltage divider
VCC
bias.
Zin = R1
R2
Zbase
R1
VB1
IC1
IC2
When emitter-feedback V
in
bias is used :
Zin = R1
IB1
R2
Zbase
VE2
Vout
IE1= I B2
IE2
RE
Electronic Fundamentals II
Page 4-17
Zin rE
Zin(base) RL
AV = 1
Ai = hfc1 hfc2
Summary
Zout = re2 +
Zin rE
Zin(base) RL
re1
hfc2