Small Signal Amplifier

Learning outcomes
• What is Small Signal Amplifier
• C-Coupling , C-Bypass
• Biasing Transistor
• Transistor configuration
What is Small Signal Amplifier?

An Amplifier is an electronic device, wich amplifies the strength of weak signal, without distorting its wave shape
Type of coupling and load
• Capasitor
• Tranformator coupling
• Bypass

• Resistor
• LED load
• Speaker
Capasitor Coupling
Example
Calculate the value of
c so that it becomes a
good coupling, if
R=2k ohm and the
XC < 0,1 R frequency range is
20Hz to 20KHz ?
Answer
Rule Xc should be 10 times smaller than R at the lowest
frequency
XC < 0.1R at 20 Hz
XC < 200 Ohm at 20 Hz
Since XC=
By rearrangement C=
What is meant by Biasing?
• Biasing is a process of keeping the transistor in one of the operating
regions like either active or saturation or cutoff region

• BJT act as Amplifer or Osilator when it is biased in active region

• BJT act as Swith when it is biased in saturation and cutoff regions
Transistor general formulas

• Transistor DC current: IE=IB +IC

• If IB too Small , IE IC
• Current Gain :
=
• Vbe=0,7 V (Silicon)
• Vbe=0,3 V (Germanium)
• VCE (Cut off) VCC
• VCE (Cut on) 0
Prinsip Kerja Transistor
DC and AC equivalent circuits
• DC equivalent circuits
• Pure DC circuit
• If there is a capacitor then equivalent to Open circuit

• AC equivalent circuits
• The circuit involves an AC signal
• If there is a capacitor then it is equivalent to a closed circuit
• All reference connections to VCC are grounded
• Several resistors can be combined into one (parallel)
Transistor configuration
1. CE (Common Emmiter)
2. CB (Common Base)
3. CC(Common Collector)
 Base curve
Calculate the bias current in Figure 6.8.
What is the voltage on the RB? ICs? If =200

Answer:
Base closed loop
VBB = VRB +VBE
2V=VRB +0,7V
VRB= 2-0,7=1,3 V
IB=
IC=
Disadvantages Bias Base
voltage divider
• Best biasing circuit to keep BJT in active region is voltage divider or
Potential divider or self bias biasing circuit
Formula
VC?

VB?

VCC?

VCE?

VE?
Example
• Calculate VCE ?
Answer
• Calculate VCE ?
To Find Ic more accurate If use DC (Voltage-
Divider Bias)
Q Point (IC

collector current:
IC
Where:
RTH

VTH RTH.VCC

Voltage VCE:
VCE VCC-IC(RC+RE)
Voltage Divider Biasing design guide
Draw the Dc and Ac equivalent this circuits :
Step to drawing DC equivalent Circuit
Step to drawing AC equivalent Circuit
VCC removed ,
replaced whit
ground

RE
removed
Example
• Draw to AC equivalent circuit

Answer
DC Analysis
Hitung nilai VC ? IC?
IB = =30
IC =
VC=VCC-IC.RC=30V-3m.5kOhm=15V
So, The Q point is located at 3mA and 15V

In base bias amplifiers,

unstable Q is seldom
used
Signal Illustration
 Calculating output voltage

Vout =Vin.AV
• Voltage gain value = 2mV.200
= 400mV

• Voltage output value Calculating input voltage Vin =Vout/AV

= 2.5V/350
= 7.14mV
• Voltage input value
AC transistor models
The basis of the value of r’e

room temperature -
Calculate r’e
Calculate value of r’e
Derivation of the small signal amplifier
formula, involving r'e
The formula used in base; Common Emiter
Amplifier

Voltage Gain
Zin?
• Base impedance (Zin basis)
• Amplifier impedance (Zin)

Zin(basis)= Vin/Iin= ie(r’e+rE)/ib

Ie = B ib

If there is no RE then RE=0

Zin Base=Ie(r’e)/ib=Bib(r’e)/ib=Br’e
Transistor Divider bias amplifier
Common Emiter (CE) configuration
Divider bias amplifier configuration
Example
• 1. Draw a DC equivalent circuit
• 2. Draw a AC equivalent circuit
• 3.VB?
• 4.VE?
• 5. IE?
• 6.IC
• 7. DC load line
• 8.r’e
• 9.A?
• 10.Zin (basis)?
• 11. Zin ?
Data Sheet
Pembahasan Tugas 2. AC equivalent circuit

• 1. DC equivalent circuit
Mencari Garis Beban DC
Dari Loop 2, ∑V=0
Vcc-VCE-Ic (Rc+RE)=0
VCE=VCC-IC (RC+RE)
Titik 1. Pada saat Ic=0 maka VCE=VCC Your text here
Titik 2. Pada saat VCE=0 maka IC (mA)
Ic = VCC/(RC+RE)
= 10/(4600)=2,17 mA 2,17

Q
1,1

VCE(V)
4,94
10
Analisis Ac
r’e=25mV/IE
=25mV/1.1mA
=22,7
A =Vout/Vin
= rc/(r’e)
=3600/22,7
=158
Zin Base = Bxr’e=100x22,7=2270Ohm
Zin=R1IIR2IIZinBase