SAMPLE EVIDENCE 1

Topic : Effect of impurities on the boiling point of a pure liquid

Aim
To study the effect of impurities on the boiling point of distilled
water
C P
1

Hypothesis
Variables
(a) Constant
(b) Manipulated
(c) Responding
Material/Apparatus

The present of salt increases the boiling point of distilled water

C1 P2
Volume/Amount/Quantity of distilled water
The Presence of salt
Boiling point of distilled water

C1 P3

Note: All variables must be correct

Distilled water, salt, 100 cm3 beaker, wire gauze, tripod stand,
Bunsen burner, thermometer
C1 P4

Procedure

Thermometer
Beaker

Distilled water

Heat
1. Distilled water is poured into a beaker until it is half full.
2. The water is heated until it boils. The temperature when
the water boils (boiling temperature) is recorded
3. Two spatulas of salt are added into the distilled water and
the mixture is heated again.
4. The temperature of the boiling mixture of water and salt
C1 P5
is recorded.
C3 P1

Results

The Presence of salt

C3 P2

Absent
Present

Discussion

Boiling point of distilled

water (oC)
100
C3 P3
102

Without impurities the boiling point of distilled water is 100 oC but

with the presence of impurities, the boiling point of water is
increased. The boiling point of distilled water is increased with
the presence of impurities. C4 P1
Hypothesis is accepted C4 P2

Conclusion

The presence of impurities increases the boiling point of distilled

water.
C4 P3

SAMPLE EVIDENCE 2
Topic : Variation
Aim

To study the variation of leaves. C1 P1

Hypothesis

Different leaves have different lengths.

Variables
Constant :
Manipulated :
Responding :

Type of plant ( species of plant)

Number of leaves
Length of leaves

Apparatus and
Materials:

Leaves, ruler

Procedure :

Result:

C3 P2

Discussion:

Conclusion.

1.
2.
3.
4.

C1 P2

C1 P3
Note: All variables must be correct

C1 P4

10 leaves from the same plants are collected by the students.

The length of a leaf is measured.
The length of leaves is recorded in the table.
The experiment is repeated with another leaf.C1 P5
Leaf
C3 P1
Metre(cm)
rule
Number of leaves
Length of leaves
Length of
1
4.3
leaf
2
5.2
3
4.1
4
5.7
5
5.5
6
4.4
7
6.4
8
6.2
9
5.3
10
4.5
C3 P3

Variations in the length of the leaves show normal distribution.

There is a whole range of intermediates between the shortest and
C4P1
the longest.
C4P2
Hypothesis is accepted.
C4P3
Different leaves have different lengths //
The length of the leaves show continuous variation

2
Length of leaves /cm

SAMPLE EVIDENCE 3
Topic

: Exothermic and endothermic reactions

Aim

To study exothermic and endothermic reactions.

Hypothesis

Different types of chemical cause different changes in

temperature in the reaction with water.
C1P2

Variables
(a) Manipulated
(b) Responding
(c) Constant

Types of chemical
Increase or decrease in temperature
Volume of water / quantity of chemical substances

C1P1

C1P3

Note: All variables must be correct

Material/Apparatus

Sodium hydroxide crystals, ammonium chloride powder, distilled

water, test tube, thermometer , spatula
C1P4

Procedure

Thermometer
Distilled water
Sodium hydroxide
pellet

Ammonium chloride
powder

1. 5cm3 of distilled water is poured into a test tube.

2. The initial temperature of distilled water is recorded.
3. 1 spatula of sodium hydroxide pellet is added into the test
tube.
4. The mixture is stirred until the sodium hydroxide dissolved.
5. Then the final temperature is recorded in the table.
6. The experiment is repeated by using ammonium chloride
C1P5
powder.

C3P1

Results
Types of
chemicals

C3P2

Discussion

Sodium
hydroxide
crystals and
distilled water
Ammonium
chloride
powder with
distilled
water.

Initial
temperature of
substance (oC)

Final
temperature
of substance
(oC)

Change in
temperature
(0C)

29.0

60.0

31.0

29.0

15.0
C3P3
-14.0

An exothermic reaction occurs when temperature increases

because heat is released to the surrounding.
An endothermic reaction occurs when temperature decreases
because heat is absorbed from the surrounding.C4P1
Hypothesis is accepted.

Conclusion

C4P2

1. An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that

involves an increase in temperature.
2. An endothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that
involves a decrease in temperature. C4P3

SAMPLE EVIDENCE 4
Topic: Focal length of a convex lens.
Aim

To study the focal length of a convex lens.

Hypothesis

The thicker the lens, the shorter the focal length.

Variables
Constant :
Manipulated :
Responding :

Type of lens.
Thickness of the lens
Focal length

Apparatus and
Materials:

Convex lens, lens holder, metre rule, screen.

C1 P4

C1 P1
C1 P2

C1 P3
Note: All variables must be correct

Convex lens

Procedure :

screen

Rays from distance

object

focal length
1. The apparatus is set up as shown in the diagram.
2. The lens is directed at a distant object
3. The screen is adjusted until a sharp image forms on the
screen.
4. The distance between the lens and the screen is measured
5. The experiment is repeated using another convex lens with a
different thickness.
C1 P5
Result:

Discussion:

Conclusion:

C3 P2

Thickness of the lens

Thin
Moderate
Thick

C3 P1

Focal length(cm)
25
20
15
C3 P3

The focal length of a convex lens depends on the thickness of the

lens. A thin convex lens has a longer focal length. A thick convex
C4 P1
lens has a shorter focal length.
Hypothesis is accepted.
C4 P2
The thicker the lens, the shorter the focal length. C4 P3

SAMPLE EVIDENCE 5
Topic

: Resistance of alloy to corrosion.

Aim

To investigate the properties of alloy and pure metal

C1 P1

Hypothesis

Alloy is more resistance to rust than pure metal.

C1 P2

Variables
(a) Manipulated
(b) Responding
(c) Constant
Material/Apparatus

Type of nail
C1 P3
Rate of rusting
Note: All variables must be correct
Distilled water, temperature , time
Steel nail, pure iron nail, distilled water, test tubes , test tube
C1 P4
rack

Procedure

Distilled water
Steel nail

Iron nail

Test tube A

Test tube B

1. Test tubes A and B are prepared.

2. 5cm3 of distilled water is poured into test tubes A and B.
3. A steel nail is put into test tube A and an iron nail is put into
test tube B and both test tubes are kept at room temperature
for 2 days.
4. After 2 days the condition of the nails are observed and
recorded in the table below.
C1 P5
C3 P1

Results
C3 P2

Types of nail
Steel nail
Iron nail

Presence of rust
No rust
C3 P3
Rust

Discussion

The steel nail in test tube A is more resistant to rusting than the
C4 P1
iron nail in test tube B.
Hypothesis is accepted. C4 P2

Conclusion

Steel nail is more resistant to rust than iron nail. C4 P3

SAMPLE EVIDENCE 7
Topic: The effect of humidity on the growth of microorganisms
Aim

: To study the effect of humidity on the growth of microorganisms

C1 P1

Hypothesis

: Microorganisms grow rapidly in moist condition

Variables

: Constant
: Type of bread/ temperature/ nutrient content
Manipulated : Presence of moisture/ water
C1 P3
Responding :The growth of microorganisms /mucor/fungi

C1 P2

Note: All variables must be correct

Materials/Apparatus : 2 pieces of bread, water, clear plastic bag.

Procedure

C1 P4

: 1.

A piece of bread is sprinkled with water and placed in a

clear plastic bag labeled A.
2. The other piece is kept dry and placed in the clear plastic
bag labeled B.
3. Both plastic bags are kept in a dark cupboard for two days.
4. The result of the experiment is observed and recorded in the
table below.
Plastic bag

B: Dry bread

A: Moist bread

Results

:
C3 P2

Data interpretation
and discussion

C3 P1
Presence of moisture
A Moist bread
B Dry bread

The growth of mucor

Yes / A lot of mucor
No / A few mucor
C3 P3

: After two days the mucor grows on the moist bread because of
the presence of water but no mucor grows on the dry bread.
Mucor needs water to grow.C4 P1
Hypothesis is accepted.C4 P2

Conclusion

C1 P5

: Microorganisms grow rapidly in moist condition

C4 P3

C3 P23
SAMPLE EVIDENCE 8
Topic : The effect of pH on the growth of microorganisms
Aim

: To study the relationship between pH value and the growth of

C1 P1
microorganisms

Hypothesis

: Bacteria thrives in neutral conditions / neutral condition is suitable

C1 P2
for the growth of microorganisms

Variables

: Constant variable
: Volume of nutrient broth
Manipulated variable : pH value
Responding variable : Cloudiness of the nutrient broth

C1 P3

Note: All variables must be correct

Materials/
apparatus

: Sterile nutrient broth, bacteria culture (Bacillus subtilus), distilled water,

hydrochloric acid 1 mol/dm , sodium hydroxide solution 1 mol/dm3 ,
test tubes,cotton wool.
C1 P4

A
Acidic

B
Alkaline
( Sodium hydroxide solution)

acid)

C
Neutral (Hydrochloride
(Distilled water )

Nutrient broth + bacteria culture

Procedure

1.
2.
3.
4.

Three test tubes labeled A,B and C are prepared.

5 cm3 of nutrient broth is poured into each test tubes
1 cm3 of bacteria culture is added into each test tubes.
1cm3 of hydrochloric acid, 1cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution and
1cm3 of distilled water are added by using syringes into the nutrient
broth in test tubes A ,B and C respectively.
5. The test tubes A, B and C are plugged with cotton wool
6. The three test tubes are kept in the dark cupboard for 2 days.
C1 P5
7. The content of the test tubes are observed and recorded.

Observation
C3 P1
Test tubes
C3 P2

A
B
C

Condition of the
nutrient agar
Acidic
Alkaline
Neutral

Cloudiness of the
nutrient broth
Slightly cloudy
Slightly cloudy
Very cloudy

C3 P3

Discussion
After two days , nutrient broth in test tubes A and B becomes only slightly cloudy
because microorganisms do not grow well in acidic and alkaline conditions. In
test tube C, the nutrient broth becomes very cloudy because microorganisms
C4 P1
grow rapidly in neutral condition..
Hypothesis is accepted

C4 P2

Conclusion: . Bacteria grows rapidly in neutral condition/

neutral condition is the most suitable pH for the growth of
microorganisms.
C4 P3

SAMPLE EVIDENCE 9
Topic : Pressure
Aim
To study the relationship between weight (force) and depth of
C1 P1
immersion of weight (pressure)
Hypothesis
Variables
1. manipulated

The bigger the mass the deeper the immersion

C1 of
P2weight.
// The bigger the force the higher the pressure
C1 P3

The mass of weight

2. responding
3. constant
Materials/Apparatus

Depth of immersion
Surface area of weight

Note: All variables must be correct

Flour, 100 g weight, 200 g weight, 300 g weight, retort stand,

clamp, container ,metre rule, thread, pair of scissors.C1 P4

thread
weight rod
Weight100 g
retort stand

40 cm

flour
container

20 cm
Diagram 1

mark
depth of immersion
flour
Diagram 2

Procedure

1. The apparatus as shown in Diagram 1 is prepared.

2. The threat is cut with a pair of scissors and the weight is
let to fall into the flour in the container.
3. The depth of immersion of the weight into the flour is
marked on the weight or weight rod as shown in
Diagram 2.
4. The depth of immersion is measured and recorded in
table below.
5. Steps 1 to 4 are repeated with 200g and 300g weights.
C1 P5

10

Observation

C3 P2
C3 P1

Mass of weight (g)

Depth of immersion (cm)

Discussion

100
2

200
3
4C3 P3

300

The bigger the mass of weight, the bigger the force and
pressure produced. A higher pressure causes a deeper
C4 P1
immersion.
Hypothesis is accepted.

Conclusion

C4 P2

The bigger the force the higher the pressure.

C4 P3

SAMPLE EVIDENCE 10
Topic : Inertia
Aim

To investigate the relationship between mass and inertia.

C1 P1

Hypothesis

The larger the mass of an object ,the greater the inertia of the
C1 P2
object.

11
Note: All variables must be correct

Variables
(a) Manipulated
(b) Responding
(c) Constant
Material/Apparatus

The mass of sphere

The distance of the spheres movement
The angle of inclination , the length of thread,
the mass of pendulum

C1 P3

Thread, mass of spheres of 50g, 100g,150g , retort stand ,

pendulum and metre rule.
C1 P4

Procedure

30O

Retort stand

Thread
Pendulum

Table
Sphere

1. The apparatus is set up as shown in the diagram above.

2. The pendulum with 50g weight is tied to the retort stand
with a 50cm length of thread.
3. The pendulum is displaced at an angle of inclination of 30
from the perpendicular and released to knock the 50g
sphere on the table.
4. The distance of the spheres movement is measured with a
metre rule.
5. The result is recorded in the table below.
6. Steps 1- 5 are repeated by using 100g and 150g mass of
C1 P5
sphere.

C3 P1

12

Results

C3 P2

Discussion

Mass of
sphere/g
50
100
150

Distance of spheres movement/cm

60
45
25

C3 P3

When the mass of the sphere increases the distance of the

spheres movement decreases. The greater the mass of an
object, the greater the inertia.
The greater the mass the more the object tends to remain at
rest and resist a change in motion. C4 P1
Hypothesis is accepted.
C4 P2

Conclusion

The greater the mass of an object the greater the inertia

produced
C4 P3

SAMPLE EVIDENCE 11

13

Topic

: Proprioceptor

Aim

: To observe the role of proprioceptors in arrange cans in the correct

C1P1
order without looking

Hypothesis

:. Proprioceptors helps us to arrange cans in the correct order

C1P2
without looking

Variables

manipulated variable : Number of students

C1P3
responding variable : Ability to arrange cans in the correct order
fixed variable
: Mass of cans
Note: All variables must be correct

Apparatus
Procedures :

sand, five copper can of equal size

C1P4

1. This activity must be done in groups

2. All the five cans must be filled with sand of different weights
for example:
Can

One

Two

Three

Four

Five

Weight of sand

50 g

100 g

150 g

200 g

250 g

3. One of my friend is asked to close his eyes

4. His eyes are covered with a piece of cloth.
5. The five cans are arranged randomly in front of my friend whose eyes
have been covered.
6. He is asked to pick up the cans one by one and arrange the cans
according to their weight either in descending and ascending order.
7. Role among group members are exchanged and the step above are
repeated.
C1P5
8. The observations are recorded in the table.
C3P1

Result

Number of
Student

Ability to arrange in the correct order (Yes /No)

Yes
Yes

C3P2

Yes
Yes
Yes

14

C3P3

Discussion :

Proprioceptors are receptor in our body that sense the position of our
body that sense the position of our body
We can arrange can without looking because our body has
proprioceptors
Proprioceptors are important because the enable us to be concious of the
position and the posture of our body.
The receptor in the muscle related to proprioceptore is called stretch receptor.
The other function of proprioceptors also enables us to detect the
C4P1
movement of our body without looking.
Hypothesis is accepted

Conclusion :

C4P2

Proprioceptors are receptor that enable us to be concious

about the movement of our body parts as well as its functions
without using our eyesight
C4P3

15