giravnoba, rogorc moTxovnis

uzrunvelyofis

saSualeba

germanuli samarTlis

qarTuli

da

mixedviT

avt: nato nadiraZe

Tbilisi
2012 weli

*nato nadiraZe

Ggiravnoba romis samoqalaqo samarTlis mixedviT

G giravnobis instituti samoqalaqo samarTalSi warmoadgens uZveles
instituts. amis magaliTia is, rom giravnoba gvxvdeba romis saxelmwifo
samarTalSi. man romis samoqalaqo samarTalSi ganviTarebis sakmaod
rTuli gza gaiara.
Ggiraos

safuZvelia

kreditoris

winaSe.

debitoris

es

valdebuleba

valdebuleba

da

pasuxismgebloba

,,obligatio

ganmtkicebulia

nivTobrivad ,,nivTis pasuxisgebiT. Tu debitori Tavis valdebulebas ar

Seasrulebs kreditoris winaSe, maSin kreditirs saSualeba eqneba girao
nivTidan daikmayofilos Tavi.
Zveli romis samoqalaqo samarTali gamoirCeoda Tavisi sisastikiT
debitoris mimarT. is pirvel yovlisa kreditoris interesebs icavda.
Tavdapirvelad, rogorc Cans, warmoiSva e.w. ,,fiducia anu giravnobis
iseTi forma, romlis mixedviTac girao nivTi gadaecemoda kreditors im
pirobiT,

rom

mas

dakmayofilebuli

Semdeg,

iqneboda

rac

kreditoris

debitoris

mier,

kanonieri

girao

moTxovnebi

nivTs

kreditori

debitors daubrunebda.1
droTa
aseTi

ganmavlobaSi

formis

dros

uzrunvelsayofad,

,,fiducia-m

debitori

magram

ukve

gza

gadascemda
ara

dauTmo

,,pignus-s.

kreditors

sakuTrebaSi,

giraos

nivTs

aramed

valis

mxolod

mflobelobaSi. ,,fiducia-sTan SedarebiT es iyo win gadadgmuli nabiji

samoqalaqo brunvisa da sakredito urTierTobebis ganviTarebis gzaze.
magram, romis samoqalaqo samarTalma kidev erTi nabiji gadaga win.
warmoiSva

da

saxeoba_,,hypotheca.
debitoris

gaformda
am

adgil-mamulTa

SemTxvevaSi

mflobelobaSi

dagiravebuli

rCeboda.

gonivruli

giravnobis
adgil-mamuli

1 giorgi nadareiSvili ,,romis samoqalaqo samarTali Tbilisi 2006weli; gv.98

isev

ar iqneboda, rom

____________

*nato nadiraZe

axali

dagiravebuli
romelsac

adgil-mamuli

im

kreditoris

misi marTvis da damuSavebis

mizanSewonilad

CaTvales

xelSi

moxvedriliyo,

gamocdileba ar

daetovebinaT

gaaCnda, ufro

dagiravebuli

adgil-mamuli

debitoris xelSi, rom mas ufro gaadvileboda kreditorisTvis valis

gadaxda.2

giravnobis cneba da Sinaarsi

moTxovnis

uzrunvelyofis

erT-erT

saSualebas

warmoadgens

giravnoba .giravnobis cneba mocemulia saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis

254-e muxlSi, romlis mixedviTac ,,movalis an mesame piris moZravi nivTi
an/da aramaterialuri qonebrivi sikeTe, romlis sxva pirTaTvis gadacema
dasaSvebia, SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes, rogorc fuladi, ise arafuladi
moTxovnis uzrunvelyofis saSualebad, ise, romkreditori (mogiravne)
iZens

uflebas,

(giravnobis

daikmayofilos

sagnis)

realizaciiT

sakuTrebaSi miRebiT
arajerovnad

moTxovna
an

dagiravebuli

mxareTaA

qonebis

SeTanxmebiT-misi

movalis mier valdebulebis Seusruleblobis an

SemTxvevaSi.3 aseve

Sesrulebis

,,mogiravnes

giravnobis

sagnidan aqvs Tavisi moTxovnis upiratesi dakmayofilebis ufleba sxva

kreditorebTan SedarebiT.4
ganmartebidan
uzrunvelyofis

Cans,
iseT

rom

giravnoba

saSualebas,

romlis

warmoadgens
ZaliTac

valdebulebis
mogiravnes

aqvs

upratesi ufleba, movalis sxva kreditorebTan SedarebiT daikmayofilos

moTxovna giravnobis sagnidan am ukanasknelis realizaciiT an mxareTa
SeTanxmebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi-misi sakuTrebaSi miRebis gziT.5
____________
2 giorgi nadareiSvili ,,romis samoqalaqo samarTali Tbilisi 2006weli; gv99-100
3 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi mux.254-is pirveli nawili
4 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi mux.254-is me-2 nawili
5 zurab WeWelaSvili ,,sanivTo samarTali; Tbilis 2010 weli:gv 402-403

*nato nadiraZe

giravnoba yovelTvis uzrunvelyofs gansazRvrul valdebulebas da

Sesabamisad, igi am valdebulebis gareSe ar SeiZleba arc warmoiSvas da
arc

arsebobdes;

e.i.giravnobis

ufleba

aqcesoruli

uflebaa.

igi

damatebiTi xasiaTis uflebaa da ar arsebobs ZiriTadi uflebis gareSe.

aqcesoruli

urTierToba

mxolod

uflebaTa

Soris

urTierTobaa,

romelSic erTi ufleba emsaxureba meoris miznebs. giravnobis ufleba,

rogorc

sanivTo

ufleba,

valdebulebiTi

uflebis

uzrunvelyofas

emsaxureba.6 Tumca saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis imave 254-e muxlSi

arsebobs

norma,

romelic

warmoadgens

am

principidan

garkveul

gadaxvevas. kerZod, muxlis me-3 nawilis Tanaxmad, giravnobis ufleba

SeiZleba

dadgindes

samomavlo

an

pirobiTi

moTxovnebis

uzrunvelsayofadac. rogorc samomavlo, aseve pirobiTi moTxovnebi ar

iTvleba

warmoSobilad

gansazRvruli

momentis-konkretuli

vadis

an

movlenis dadgomamde. vinaidan ar arsebobs moTxovna,S esabamisad arc

giravnobis

ufleba

SemTxvevaSi

ar

kanoni

warmoSobilad

unda

uSvebs

miiCnevs

iTvlebodes

warmoSobilad.

gamonakliss

da

mogiravnesa

da

magram

giravnobis

am

uflebas

damgiravebels

Soris

SeTanxmebisa da nivTis gadacemis momentidan, xolo registrirebuli

giravnobis SemTxvevaSi - registraciis momentidan.
ar aris savaldebulo, rom uzrunvelyofili moTxovna aucileblad
fuladi

saxiT

iyos

warmodgenili.

dasaSvebia

giravnobiT

iqnes

uzrunvelyofili arafuladi moTxovna im pirobiT, rom SesaZlebeli

iyos

aseTi

moTxovnis

aucilebelia

gamosaxva

gansakuTrebiT

fuladi

giravnobis

formiT.

sagnis

es

winapiroba

realizaciis

dros,

vinaidan realizaciis Sedegad mogiravne iRebs fulad Tanxas, romelic

miemarTeba

swored

moTxovnis

dafarvisaTvis.7

msgavsi

norma

aris

dadgenili germaniis samoqalaqo kodeqsiTac, Tumca gansxvavebiT saq-los

samoqalaqo kodeqsis 254-e muxlis me-4 nawilisgan, romlis Tanaxmadac
moTxovnis

fuladi

formiT gamoxatvazea

damokidebuli

giravnobis

____________
6 besarion zoiZe ,,qarTuli sanivTo samarTali Tbilisi 2003 weli; gv.285
7 zurab WeWelaSvili ,,sanivTo samarTali Tbilisi 2010 weli ;gv.404

*nato nadiraZe

xelSekrulebis
analogiur

namdviloba.

SemTxvevaSi

germaniis

saubrobs

samoqalaqo

giravnobis

kodeqsis

sagnis

1228

gayidvis

dasaSvebobaze mxolod im dros, rodesac moTxovna gadadis fulad

formaSi.
mTlianad

kerZod,
an

mogiravne

nawilobriv

uflebamosilia
Sesrulebis

gayidvaze

vadis

moTxovnis

dadgomisTanave.

Tu

valdebulebis sagans ar warmoadgens fuli, maSin gayidva dasaSvebia

mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu moTxovna gadayvanilia fulad moTxovnaSi.8

giravnobis sagani
giravnobis sagans warmoadgens moZravi nivTebi, agreTve qonebrivi
xasiaTis mqone moTxovnebi da uflebebi. moZrav nivTebze giravnobis
uflebis
Semadgenel

dadgenisas
nawilebze,

es

ukanaskneli

magram

igi

vrceldeba

SeiZleba

arc

nivTis

gavrceldes

arsebiT
nivTis

sakuTvnebelze, romelic SeiZleba damoukideblad dagiravdes. giravnobis

ufleba SeiZleba dadgenil iqnes iseT aramaterialur qonebriv sikeTezeuflebebsa da moTxovnebze, romlebic eqvemdebareba gadacemas.

, , ,
.
,
, ,
u, , . ,
. ,
,
.
,

( 256 2 ).9
____________
8

1228

,, 2010;.405407

*nato nadiraZe


.
,
.
, .
.10
o :
1. ;
2. .

.
,
255 . :
) ;
) .

(
)
. ..
,, , , 257 2
,
,
.11
____________
10 ,,qarTuli ;Tbilisi 2003 weli; .291292;
11

,, 2010 ;.407408.

*nato nadiraZe

specialur

wess

im

SemTxvevebisaTvis,

rodesac

nivTi

vlis
imyofeba

damgiraveblis arapirdapir mflobelobaSi. kerZod, 1205 me-2 nawilis

Tanaxmad,Tu damgiraveblis kuTvnili moZravi nivTi imyofeba mesame piris
pirdapir

mflobelobaSi,

nivTis

gadacema

SeiZleba

Seicvalos

damgiraveblis mier mogiravnis arapirdapir mflobelobaSi gadacemiTa

da mflobeli mesame piris giravnobis Taobaze Setyobinebis wardgeniT.
imave germaniis samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1206 iTvaliswinebs aseve gadacemis
Secvlas moZrav nivTebze Tanamflobelobis miniWebiT.12
mflobelobiTi

giravnobis

specialur

saxes

warmoadgens

lombarduli giravnoba.i gi siaxlea saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsSi.

lombarduli giravnobis mimarT gamoiyeneba mflobelobiTi giravnobis
momwesrigebeli

normebi

ssk-is

260-e

muxlSi

mocemuli

specialuri

wesebis gaTvaliswinebiT. kanoni adgens lombarduli giravnobis dadgenis

Sesaxeb sanivTo SeTanxmebis savaldebulo werilobiT formas. formis
daucvelobis gamo lombarduli giravnobis SeTanxmeba baTilad miiCneva.
aseve

kanoni

iTvaliswinebs,

SeTanxmdebian,

lombardis

rom

Tu

moTxovna

mxareebi

sawinaaRmdegoze

ar

movalis

mimarT

im

wydeba

SemTxvevaSic, rodesac giravnobis sagnis realizaciidan amonagebi Tanxa

srulad ver faravs lombardis moTxovnas.
registrirebuli giravnobis SemTxvevaSi, moZravi nivTis mogiravnis
an mesame piris mflobelobaSi gadacema saWiro ar aris. registrirebuli
giravnobis

warmoSobisaTvis

aucilebelia,

rom

garigeba

daidos

werilobiTi formiT da am garigebiT gansazRvruli giravnobis ufleba

daregistrirdes sajaro reestrSi.13
kerZosamarTlebrivi

urTierTobis

monawileebs

moZravi

nivTebis

sauzrunvelyofod gamoyenebisas ufleba aqvT SeTanxmdnen mflobelobiT

an registrirebul giravnobaze. magram aseTi arCevani maT ar aqvT iseT
____________
12 germaniis samoqalaqo kodeqsi 1205-1206;
13 zurab WeWelaSvili ,,sanivTo samarTali Tbilisi 2010 weli ;gv.409-410

*nato nadiraZe

SemTxvevaSi, rodesac giravnobis sagania moTxovna. am SemTxvevaSi kanonSi

pirdapir aris miTiTebuli, rom ,,moTxovnis dagiraveba xorcieldeba
werilobiTi formiT garigebis dadebisa da am garigebiT gansazRvruli
uflebis sajaro reestrSi registraciis gziT.14
Ffasiani qaRaldis dagiravebis mimarT kanoni adgens orgvar wess
imisda mixedviT, warmoadgens Tu ara fasiani qaRaldi sajaro fasian
qaRalds.

am

ukanasknelis

dagiravebis

wesi

ganisazRvreba

,,fasiani

qaRaldebis bazris Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoniT.

giravnobis subieqtebi da subieqtebs Soris

samarTlebrivi urTierToba
giravnobis

urTierTobis

monawileebad

gamodian,

erTi

mxriv,

valdebulebiT-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gamomdinare kreditori mogiravne

da,

uSualod

movales

valdebulebis

meore

mxriv,

an

movale,

mesame

piri,

uzrunvelsayofad

Tu

giravnobis

romelic

giravnobiT

sagani

movalis
tvirTavs

ekuTvnis

mier

nakisri

Tavis

moZrav

nivTs an aramaterialur qonebriv sikeTes.

mogiravnesa da damgiravebels Soris uflebebi da valdebulebebi
gansxvavebulad

ganisazRvreba

mflobelobiTi

Tu

giravnobis

SemTxvevaSi

saTanadod

Senaxvisa

imisda

registrirebuli
mogiravnis
da

mixedviT,

mxareebma

giravnoba.

upirvelesi

movla-patronobis

dades

mflobelobiTi

valdebulebaa

nivTis

uzrunvelyofa.

am

valdebulebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi damgiravebels SeuZlia moiTxovos

giravnobis sagnis mesame piris mflobelobaSi gadacema.
registrirebuli giravnobis SemTxvevaSi nivTis saTanadod Senaxvisa
da

movla-patronobis

valdebuleba

ekisreba

damgiravebels,

vinaodan

giravnobis sagani rCeba mis mflobelobaSi. valdebulebis darRvevis

SemTxvevaSi, mogiravnes ufleba aqvs, moiTxovos giravnobis sagnis mis
___________
14

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi; 259-e muxlis pirveli nawili;

*nato nadiraZe

an mesame piris mflobelobaSi gadacema. gansxvavebiT mogiravnis mier

sargeblis

miRebis

wesisa,

sargebeli

giravnobis

damgiravebeli

sagnidan,

razec

uflebamosilia,

mxareTa

Soris

miiRos

pirdapiri

SeTanxmeba aucilebeli ar aris.15

saqarTvelos

samoqlaqo

kodeqsis

261-e

muxlis

me-5

nawilis

Tanaxmad, Tu giravnobis sagans warmoadgens aqcia an wili komerciul

iuridiul

pirSi,

maSin

damgiravebeli

iuridiuli

piris

marTvasTan

dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebisas an garigebis dadebisas unda

moqmedebdes keTilsindisierebis principidan gamomdinare sakuTari da
mogiravnis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
orive saxis giravnobis dros damgiravebels SeiZleba daekisros
giravnobis sagnis dazRvevis valdebuleba. aseTi valdebuleba arsebobs
Tu mas pirdapir adgens kanoni an Tu aRniSnulis Sesaxeb mxareebi
SeTanxmdebian giravnobis xelSekrulebaSi.16
saqarTvelos
,,damgiravebels,

samoqalaqo

romelic

ar

kodeqsis
aris

263-e

muxlis

giravnobiT

Tanaxmad

uzrunvelyofili

moTxovnis piradi movale, SeuZlia mogiravnes wauyenos is Sesageblebi,

romlis

wayenebis

Sesageblebi,

uflebac

romlebzedac

aqvs

pirad

mogiravnis

movales,
piradma

maT

Soris,

movalem

uari

iseTi
Tqva

giravnobis warmoSobis Semdeg.17

giravnobis uflebaTa rigiToba

Tu erTidaigive giravnobis saganze arsebobs ramodenime giravnobis
ufleba, unda gadawydes sakiTxi Tu romels

mieniWos upiratesoba.

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 267-e muxlis 1-li nawili adgens

___________
15 zurab WeWelaSvili ,,sanivTo samarTali: Tbilis 2010; gv.416-417
16 iqve-gv.418;
17 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi muxli 263

*nato nadiraZe

zogad

wess,

romlis

Tanaxmadac

giravnobis

uflebaTa

konkurenciisas upiratesoba eniWeba ufro adre dadgenil giravnobis

uflebas,

anu

giravnobis

uflebaTa

rigiToba

ganisazRvreba

maTi

saregistraciod wardgenis drois Sesabamisad. Tumca kanoni aseve adgens

am wesidan gamonaklisebsac:
1.gamonakliss warmoadgens samomavlo qonebaze giravnobis dadgenis wesi,
romlis

Tanaxmadac,giravnobis

ufleba

warmoSobilad

iTvleba

ara

SeTanxmebis dadebis, aramed qonebis warmoSobis an SeZenis momentSi;

2.meore

gamonakliss

warmoadgens

ssk-is

267-e

muxlis

me-3

nawiliT

gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxveva, romelic upiratesobas aniWebs kanonismieri

giravnobis uflebas saxelSekrulebo giravnobis uflebasTan SedarebiT,
rodesac

pirveli

warmoiSoba

urTierTobebidan, romlebsac

iseTi

valdebulebiT

samarTlebrivi

ganekuTvneba: qiravnoba, ijara, sasoflo-

sameurneo ijara, nardoba, gadazidva-gadayvana da mibareba sasaqonlo

sawyobSi.

anu

konkurenciaze,

aq

saubaria

romelTa

ori

Sorisac

saxis

giravnobis

upiratesoba

eniWeba

uflebaTaA
kanonismier

giravnobis uflebas miuxedavad uflebis dadgenis momentisa.

giravnobis uflebis gadasvla sxva pirze.giravnobis

sagnis gasxviseba da dagiraveba.surogacia
giravnobis ufleba aqcesoruli uflebaa da igi mihyveba moTxovnas am
ukanasknelis mflobelis - kreditoris mier sxva pirisaTvis daTmobis
SemTxvevaSi.

giravnobis

uflebis

damoukideblad

moTxovnis

gareSe

gadacema dauSvebelia. giravnobis uflebis axal kreditorze gadasvlis

miRwevisaTvis

mxolod

moTxovnis

daTmobis

xelSekrulebis

dadeba

sakmarisi ar aris. mflobelobiTi giravnobis dros saWiroa, giravnobis

sagnis axali kreditoris an mesame piris mflobelobaSi gadacema, xolo
registrirebuli giravnobis dros - sajaro reestrSi registracia. Tu
moTxovnis daTmobisas gamoricxulia giravnobis uflebis gadacema, maSin
giravnobis ufleba uqmdeba.

10

*nato nadiraZe

dagiravebuli nivTi SeiZleba gasxvisebul iqnes mesakuTris mier

miuxedavad imisa, rom igi warmoadgens moTxovnis uzrunvelyofis obieqts
da valdebulebis Sesrulebis vada jer ar aris damdgari. damgiravebels
(mesakuTres) SeuZlia Tavisi surviliT gayidos, gaaCuqos, gacvalos an
sxvagvarad

gaasxvisos

dagiravebuli

nivTi

garda

im

SEmTxvevebisa,

rodesac:
1.mflobelobiTi

giravnobis

SemTxvevaSi

mogiravne

an

uflebamosili

mesame piri giravnobis sagans mflobelobaSi gadascems SemZens;

2.damgiravebeli

(mesakuTre)

dagiravebul

nivTs

asxvisebs

Tavisi

Cveulebrivi samewarmeo saqmianobis farglebSi. amasTan,mniSvneloba ara

aqvs, icoda Tu ara SemZenma nivTze dadgenili giravnobis uflebis
Taobaze. Tumca, es wesi ar gamoiyeneba, Tu SemZeni da damgiravebeli
moqmedebdnen arakeTilsindisierad.18
saqarTvelos

samoqalaqo

gaTvaliswinebulia,

rom

kodeqsis

mxareebi

266-e

muxlis

SeiZleba

1-li

nawiliT

SeTanxmdnen,

rom

damgiravebeli (mesakuTre) ar gaasxvisebs da ar daagiraves giravnobis

sagans giravnobis uflebis gauqmebamde.
Tu giravnobis sagans warmoadgens moTxovna da moTxovnis movalis
mier

xorcieldeba

valdebulebis

Sesruleba

moTxovnaze

giravnobis

uflebis arsebobis periodSi, maSin valdebulebis Sesruleba ikavebs

moTxovnis adgils - e.w. surogacia. surogaciis aucilebel pirobas
warmoadgens
adgili

aqvs

dakargvasTan,

mis

Taobaze

aseve

im

mxareTa

pirdapiri

SemTxvevaSi,

dazianebasTan,

SeTanxmeba.

rodesac

ganadgurebasTan

giravnobis
an

____________
18 zurab WeWelaSvili ,,sanivTo samarTali Tbilis 2010 weli; gv.419-420;

11

*nato nadiraZe

sagnis

gaufasurebasTan

dakavSirebulia anzRaurebis miReba.19

19 iqve-gv.421

surogacias

giravnobis sagnis realizacia

Tu giravnobiT uzrunvelyofil moTxovnas movale ar asrulebs an
arajerovnad asrulebs, mogiravnes ufleba aqvs, moaxdinos giravnobis
sagnis

realizacia;

swored

realizaciis

gziT

xdeba

mogiravnis

moTxovnis dakmayofileba. Tumca, Tu giravnobis sagnis realizaciidan

amonagebi Tanxa sakmarisi ar aris giravnobiT uzunvelyofili moTxovnis
dasafarad

an

giravnobis

odenobas,moTxovna

mainc

sagnis

Rirebuleba

srulad

iTvleba

ar

faravs

moTxovnis

dakmayofilebulad,

Tu

mxareebi giravnobis xelSekrulebaSi sawinaaRmdegoze ar SeTanxmebulan.20

kanonis

amgvari

garkveulwilad,

daTqma

radgan

SeiZleba

mogiravnes

arasamarTlianad

erTmeva

Caivalos

SesaZlebloba

srulad

daikmayofilos Tavisi moTxovna. mas espoba imis SesaZlebloba, rom

SeZlos moTxovnis daukmayofilebeli nawilis dakmayofileba sxva raime
saSualebiT.
kanoni
mqone

realizaciis

mogiravnes

dasawyisSive

xelsayrel

uqmnis

realizaciis

uflebis

pirobas

Tavisi

uflebis

ganxorcielebisaTvis. kerZod, mas SeuZlia moiTxovos giravnobis sagnis

misTvis gadacema, rac eqvemdebareba dauyovnebliv dakmayofilebas. garda
amisa,

ssk-is

281-e

muxlis

me-2

nawilis

Tanaxmad,

Tu

moTxovnis

realizacia damokidebulia iuridiuli moqmedebis Sesrulebaze, maSin

mogiravnes SeuZlia damgiravebels mosTxovos am moqmedebis Sesruleba.
Tu

damgiravebeli

mogiravne

am

moqmedebas

uflebamosilia,es

ar

Seasrulebs

moqmedeba

kviris

damgiraveblis

vadaSi,
saxeliT

ganaxorcielos mesame piris mimarT.21

rac Seexeba Tavad giravnobis sagnis realizaciis wess, kanoni
iTvaliswinebs

mogiravnis

procedurebis

dacvas

mxridan

gansakuTrebuli

realizaciis

formaluri

marTlzomierebis

uzrunvelyofisaTvis, romelic gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan imisda

___________
20 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi 276-e muxlis me-2 nawili;

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*nato nadiraZe

21 zurab WeWelaSvili ,,sanivTo samarTali Tbilisi 2010 weli ; gv.422-423.

mixedviT, saxezea mflobelobiTi Tu registrirebuli giravnoba.

mflobelobiTi
realizaciamde

giravnobis
kviriT

dros

adre

mogiravnem

unda

giravnobis

werilobiTi

sagnis

SetyobinebiT

gaaafrTxilos realizaciis Sesaxeb damgiravebeli da sxva mogiravneebi,

Tu giravnobis sagani ramdenjermea dagiravebuli.22 magram kanoni iqve
akeTebs gamonakliss, rom SeiZleba giravnobis sagnis realizacia moxdes
maTi gafrTxilebis gareSec im SemTxvevebSi:
1.Tu arsebobs giravnobis sagnis sabazro da sabirJo fasis dacemis
realuri safrTxe;
2.giravnobis sagani malfuWebadia.
kanoniT dadgenilia is zogadi pirobebi, romlebic daculi unda iyos
giravnobis

sagnis

gasxvisebis

dros.

kerZod,

mogiravne

valdebulia,

giravnobis sagani gaasxvisos samarTlian da gonivrul fasSi Tavisi,

damgiraveblisa da sxva mogiravneebis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT. am
valdebulebebis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi mogiravne pasuxs agebs
damgiraveblisa da sxva mogiravneebisaTvis miyenebuli zianisaTvis.23 Tu
giravnobis sagans aqvs sabirJo an sabazro fasi, mogiravnes SeuZlia
giravnobis sagnis gayidva miandos specialur savaWro dawesebulebas.
aseve kanoni iTvaliswinebs, rom mxareebs SeuZliaT SeTanxmdnen
giravnobis sagnis realizaciis iseT wesze, romelic ar aris kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebuli.
rodesac

giravnobis

sagani

aris

ramdejerme

datvirTuli,

misi

realizaciis moTxovnis ufleba aqvs im mogiravnes, romlis moTTxovnis

Sesrulebis vadac dadga miuxedavad imisa, rom misi giravnobis ufleba
SeiZleba ar iyos pirveli rigis.24
___________
22 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi 282-e muxlis 1-li nawili;
23 iqve-283-e muxlis 1-li nawili; 24 iqve 279-e uxlis 1-li nawili.

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giravnobis
sakuTrebis

sagnis

uflebis

marTlzomieri

gadasvla

realizaciis

SemZenze;

sakuTrebis

Sedegia
ufleba

masze
uqmdeba

aramarTlzomieri realizaciis SemTxvevaSic. SemZeni iZens sakuTrebas im

pirobiT,

rom

igi

keTilsindisieria.
dautvirTavad,

aramarTlzomieri
SemZeni

Tumca

giravnobis

sagani

romelTa

giravnobis

am

giravnos
wesidan

datvirTuli

realizaciis
sagans,

rogorc

arsebobs

rCeba

uflebac

im

faqtis
wesi,

gamonaklisic,

mogiravneTaA

win

uswrebs

mimarT
iRebs
kerZod,

uflebebiT,
realizaciis

ganmaxorcielebeli mogiravnis uflebas.25

giravnobis uflebis gauqmeba

giravnobis uflebis aqcesoruli bunebis gamo igi uqmdeba Tu wydeba
Tavad moTxovna. giravnobis ufleba uqmdeba aseve e.w. konsolidaciis
drosac, kerZod, rodesac giravnobis saganze sakuTrebis uflebas iZens
mogiravne.
rogorc sanivTo ufleba, giravnobis uflebac uqmdeba, rodesac is
nivTi,

romelic

uflebamosili

datvirTulia
piri-mogiravne

am

uflebiT,

uars

ganadgurdeba

ganacxadebs

Tavis

an

Tu

uflebaze.

mflobelobiTi giravnoba uqmdeba, agreTve im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac

mogiravne

giravnobis

saganze

mflobelobas

ubrunebs

damgiravebels.

kanoni mflobelobiTi giravnobis SemTxvevaSi iTvaliswinebs giravnobis

uflebis gauqmebis specialur wess, kerZod, giravnobis ufleba uqmdeba,
Tu giravnobiT uzrunvelyofili moTxovnis daTmobis SemTxvevaSi axali
kreditori

ar

moiTxovs

giravnobis

sagnis

misTvis

gadacemas

an

giravnobis uflebis registracias.26

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 265-e muxlis Tanaxmad,giravnobis
ufleba uqmdeba,Tu adgili hqonda giravnobis sagnis gadamuSavebas an
____________
25 zurab WeWelaSvili ,,sanivTo samarTali Tbilis 2010 weli; gv.425-425;
26 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi 269-e muxlis me-2 nawili.

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misi sxva moZrav nivTTan Serwymas ise, rom pirvandel mdgomareobaSi

maTi aRdgena SeuZlebelia an dakavSirebulia mniSvnelovan xarjebTan.
Tumca,

mxareebs

SenarCunebazec.
uflebaTa

SeuZliaT

am

ukanasknel

rigiToba

SeTanxmdnen
SemTxvevaSi

ganisazRvreba

giravnobis

uflebis

giravnobidan

gadamuSavebamde

gamomdinare

an

Serwymamde

arsebuli giravnobis uflebaTa warmoSobis momentis Sesabamisad.27

mflobelobiTi
gauqmebisas

giravnobis

mogiravne

SemTxvevaSi,

valdebulia,

giravnobis

giravnobis

sagani

uflebis
daubrunos

damgiravebels. registrirebuli giravnobis SemTxvevaSi ki, giravnobis

uflebis

gauqmebisas

damgiravebels

SeuZlia,

mogiravnes

mosTxovos

giravnobis gauqmebis dauyovnebliv registracia sajaro reestrSi. Tu

damgiravebeli
mogiravne
reestrs

ar

iTxovs

kanonis

ZaliT

giravnobis

gauqmebidan

gauqmebis
mainc

aris

uflebis

samuSao

dauyovnebliv
valdebuli,

gauqmebis

dRis

mimarTos

registraciis

ganmavlobaSi.

registracias,

am

sajaro

gancxadebiT
valdebulebis

Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi damgiravebels aqvs mogiravnisagan zianis

anazRaurebis

moTxovnis

ufleba.28

giravnobis

uflebis

gauqmebis

moTxovnis ufleba aqvs Tavad damgiravebelsac (ssk-is 275-e muxlis me-3

nawili).

daskvna
daskvnis
saqarTveloSi

saxiT,

SeiZleba

moTxovnis

iTqvas,

rom

uzrunvelyofis

giravnoba
yvelaze

warmoadgens
gavrcelebul

saSualebas. igi, ipoTekisagan gansxvavebiT, vrceldeba mxolod moZrav

nivTebsa da aramaterialur qonebriv sikeTeebze.

___________
27 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi 265-e muxlis me-2 nawili;
28 iqve 275-e muxlis me-2 nawili.

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gamoyenebuli literatura:
1.saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi;
2.germaniis samoqalaqo kodeqsi;
3.zurab WeWelaSvili ,,sanivTo samarTali Tbilis 2010 weli:
4.besarion zoiZe ,,qarTuli sanivTo samarTali; Tbilisi 2003
weli;
5.giorgi nadareiSvili ,,romis samoqalaqo samarTali Tbilisi
2006 weli;
6.saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni meore,
Tbilisi 1999 weli.

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*nato nadiraZe