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Professional Education Test PDF
Professional Education Test PDF
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B. Clarifier
D. judge
RATIONALIZATION: B-during problem solving activities, the teacher acts as a clarifier especially when students are in doubt how to go
about the problem.
Which among the following devices can be a scaled replica of a certain object?
A. Mock ups
C. globes
B. Models
D. maps
RATIONALIZATION: B- models like Heart Models are scaled replicas.
Which of the following would be the best choice if a teacher would like to focus on attitudinal change?
A. Dramatization
C. role play
B. Field study
D. simulation
RATIONALIZATION: C-role playing allows the child to shows his own personal emotions and therefore is a good option when focusing
on attitudinal change.
This method relies heavily upon showing the learners a model performance.
A. Activity
C. reporting
B. Demonstration
D. field study
RATIONALIZATION: B- demonstration includes Teacher-Directed Demo, Student-Directed Demo, Teacher-Student Directed Demo
and Resource Person-Directed Demo.
IDEALISM
o Ideas are the only true reality, the ultimate truths for matter is nothing but just a mere representation of ideas.
o Emphasis is given on knowledge obtained by speculation and reasoning for its central tenet is that ideas are the only things worth
knowing for
o Focus is on conscious reasoning of the mind in order to attain truth. This includes the activities pertinent to the human mind such
as introspection and intuition and the use of logic
o Its aim is to discover the full potentials in child and cultivates it in order to prepare him for a better position in the society and for him to
serve the society better
o Emphasis is given on subjectsphilosophy, literature, religion and historythat will develop and enhance the mind of the child
o Methods used in teaching include lecture, discussion and Socratic dialogue
o Character development is through emulation of examples and heroes
REALISM
o The most effective way to find about reality is to study it through organized, separate and systematically arranged matteremphasis is on
subject matter concerning Science and Mathematics
o Methods used in teaching include recitation, experimentation and demonstration
o Character development is through training in the rules of conduct
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EXIXTENTIALISM
Subject matter is personal choice
Learning is based on the willingness of the student to choose and give meaning to the subject
Emphasis is given on the students rather than on the curriculum content
Students should not be treated as objects to be measured and standardized
Methods are geared on giving opportunities for the students for self-actualization and self-direction
Character development is through the responsibility of every individual in making a decision
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ESSENTIALISM
Schooling is practical for this will prepare students to become competent and valuable members of the society
Focuses on the basics-reading, writing, speaking and the ability to compute (arithmetic)
Subjects that are given emphasis include geography, grammar, reading, history, mathematics, art and hygiene
Stresses the values of hard work, perseverance, discipline and respect to authorities
Students should be taught to think logically and systematically-grasping not just the parts but the whole
Methods of teaching center on giving regular assignments, drills, recitation, frequent testing and evaluation
PRAGMATISM
o Involves students to work in groups
o Methods of teaching include experimentation, project making and problem solving.
o Stresses on the application of what have learned rather that the transfer of the organized body of knowledge
PERENNIALISM
o Some of the ideas in the past are still being taught because they are significant
o Curriculum should contain cognitive subjects that cultivate rationality, morality, aesthetics and religious principles. This includes history,
language, mathematics, logic, literature, humanities and science.
o Curriculum must be based on recurrent themes of human life for it views education as a recurring process based on eternal truths
o The teacher must have the mastery of the subject matter and authority in exercising it.
o Aims for the education of the rational personto develop mans power of thoughtthe central aim of this philosophy
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PROGRESSIVISM
Focuses on the child as a whole rather than of the content or the teacher
Curriculum content comes from the questions and interests of the students
Emphasis is given on the validation of ideas by the students through active experimentation
Methods of teaching include discussions, interaction (teacher with students) and group dynamics
Opposes the extreme reliance on bookish method of instruction, learning through memorization, the use of fear and punishment and
the four walled philosophy of education
CONSTRUCTIVISM
o A philosophy of learning which asserts that reality does not exist outside of human conceptions. It is the individual who constructs reality
by reflecting on his own experience and gives meaning to it.
o Learning is the process of adjusting ones mental modes to accommodate new experience.
RECONSTRUCTIVISM
o Schools should originate policies and progress that will bring social reforms and orders
o Teachers should be an instrument to encourage and lead students in the program or social reforms
o Curriculum emphasizes on social reforms as the aim of education. It focuses on student experience and taking social actions on real
problems
o Method of teaching include the problem-oriented type (students are encouraged to critically examine cultural heritage), group
discussions, inquiry, dialogues, interactions and community-based learning
o The classroom will serve as a laboratory in experimenting school practices bringing the world into the classroom
BEHAVIORISM
o Asserts that human beings are shaped entirely by their external environment
o The only reality is the physical world
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NATIONALISM
The most important development was the creation of common language
Stresses on the teaching of the principles of democracy, and duties of citizenship
Stimulates the development of the state which includes the control and support of public school system
Curriculum includes the teaching of grammar, geography and history
Method of teaching gives emphasis on the content regarding on nature studies, physical exercises and play activities
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HUMANISM
Education is a process and should not be taken abruptly. The unfolding of human character proceeds with unfolding of nature
The learner should be in control of his destiny
Concern is more on methods which include theme writing rather than oral discussions, drills and exercises, playing
Asserts the importance of playing in the curriculum
Emphasizes motivations and the use of praise and rewards
Curriculum includes subjects concerning literary appreciation, physical education, social training in manners and development