GSM Air Interface

GSM-GPRS Operation
GSM Air Interface

Module 2
Outline
Introduction
& Review
GSM Frequency Band
GSM Channel Numbering
Physical Channel
Logical Channel
Mapping Logical Channel on to Physical
Channel
kris.sujatmoko@gmail.com
Air Interface = Um Interface

Major
problems at air interface In GSM

network, it is about Um interface
Air interface
Arsitektur Jaringan GSM

PLMN
Um
Mobile
terminal device Air Interface
Public Land Mobile Network
Fixed
network
PSTN
BSS
Public Switched
Telephone Network
Base Station
Subsystem
NSS
BSS
MS
Mobile
Station
Base Station
Subsystem
Network Switching
Subsystem
control/switching of
mobile services
BSS
Base Station
Subsystem
Mobile
components
ISDN
Integrated Services
Digital Network
PDN
Public Data
Network
Fixed network
components
4
GSM 900 MHz Frequency Band

MS Transmit Band
MS Transmit Band
Uplink
890
915 MHz
Downlink
935
25 MHz
25 MHz
CH 1 CH 2
CH 1 CH 2
CH 124
CH 124
200 kHz
960 MHz
200 kHz
5
Penomoran Kanal GSM
GSM900
FU(n) = 890 + 0.2n
(MHz)
FD(n) = Fu(n) + 45
(MHz) 1 n 124
E-GSM900
FU(n) = 890 + 0.2(n-1024) (MHz)
974 n 1023
FD(n) = Fu(n) + 45
(MHz)
GSM1800
Fu(n) = 1710.2 + 0.2(n-512)

FD(n) = FU(n) + 95
(MHz)
(MHz) 512 n 885
374 channels
n disebut Absolutely Radio Frequency Channel Number (ARFCN)
GSM Frequency Allocation In Indonesia

GSM : [890+nx0.2] MHz up to 915MHz
DCS 1800 : [1710+nx0.2] MHz up to 1785MHz
Tx
890
900
915
Operators share
bandwidth
Indosat
Telkomsel
Excelcomindo
SATELINDO (INDOSAT)
(10 MHz)
: 890 900 MHz
TELKOMSEL
MHz)
: 900 907 MHz (7.5
EXCELKOMINDO
MHz)
: 907.5 915 MHz (7.57
Frequency Allocation Per-Cell

Selanjutnya...bandwidth
displit di dalam sel-sel
2
1
2
6
7
3
1
4
4
5
5
1710
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1732
8
Spesifikasi RF
MS Transmission
Band : 890 915 MHZ
45 MHz
BS Transmission
Band : 935 960 MHZ
Year Introduced
1990
Access method
TDMA
Channel
Bandwidth
200 kHz
Number of duplex
channels
125
Users per channel 8
Speech coding bit

rate
13 kbps
Data coding bit

rate
12 kbps
Frame size
4.6 ms
GSM-GPRS Operation
Kanal Fisik
Radio Interface (Layer 1)

time
Duplex distance: 45 MHz

TS7
Example:
GSM900
TS6
TS5
TDMA
frame
TS4
4.615
ms
TS3
UL
DL
Physical
Physicalchannel
channel(Um)
(Um)
TS2
TS
TS1
577
s
TS0
890
915
200 kHz
935
960
Frequency [MHz]
11
Struktur Sinyal GSM
GSM carrier selebar 200 kHz.

Pada arah downlink BTS,
timeslot berbeda digunakan
untuk masing-masing MS MS
mendengar hanya pada TS yg
dialokasikan untuknya
Pada TS yg tidak digunakan,
MS dapat menggunakannya
utk pengukuran sinyal
berguna utk Handover
Pada arah uplink, MS transmit
hanya pada timeslot yg
dialokasikan untuknya
Transmit MS terjadi berbeda 3
TS dari TS transmit BTS
untuk mencegah transmitterima simultan pada MS
(membutuhkan duplekser)
3 timeslot
12
Adaptive Frame Alignment / Timing Advance (TA)

Adaptive frame alignment:
Mencegah pengiriman/penerimaan
secara bersamaan/simultan
UL/DL di delay 3 TS
UL
DL
Timing Advance TA:

Kompensasi delay propagasi
BTS memerintahkan MS mengirim lebih lambat:
2 x waktu propagasi MS - BTS
13
Signaling
Time
MultiFrames
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
25
24
23
22
21
20
5
4
3
2
1
0
TDMA Multi Super Hyper7
Frames
Time
6
5
4
3
2
1
RFC RFC RFC 0

1
2
3
TDMA
frame
cyclical
cyclicalrepetition
repetition
of
ofcertain
certaincontents
contents
RFC
124
FDMA
Konsep Frame
User
Traffic
Frequency
14
Time
Structure
1 Superframe =
51 x 26
TDMA frames
6.12 ms
Hyperframe =
2048 Superframes 3h 29 min
e.g. repetition of
frequency hopping
ciphering
0 1 2 3
0
Numbering Period
4950
24
1 TCH Multiframe =
1 Signalling Multiframe =
51 TDMA frames 235,4 ms
26 TDMA frames = 120 ms
0 1 2 3
24 25
1 Burst = 156,25 bit = 576,88 us

(1 bit = 3,6923 us)
25
Channel organisation
scheme
Repetition scheme
for TCH / Signalling
0 1 2 3
49 50
1 TDMA frame
= 8 TS = 4,615 ms
BURST = TS content
15
GSM-GPRS Operation
Kanal Logik
Logical Channel
17
GSM-GPRS Operation
Mapping Kanal Logik ke Kanal

Fisik
Mapping
Kanal logik GSM harus dipetakan ke kanal fisik, artinya : informasi pada
kanal logik harus ditempatkan pada kanal fisik dengan format burst
tertentu untuk ditransmisikan
Analogi pemetaan kanal logika pada kanal fisik...
Tipe burst pada kanal fisik dapat dianalogikan sebagai tipe gerbong pada
rangkaian kereta api. Orang makan malam berada pada gerbong restorasi.
Demikian pula pada kanal logik, penempatan kanal logika pada gerbong burst
tergantung dari fungsi kanal logik tersebut beserta sifat-sifat fisisnya.
Dedicated
Control
Channels
Traffic
Channel
Normal Burst
Synchronization
Channel
SCH Burst
Frequency
Correction
Channel
FCCH Burst
19
Mapping
Dedicated
Control
Channels
Traffic
Channel
Normal Burst
Synchronization
Channel
SCH Burst
Frequency
Correction
Channel
FCCH Burst
Kasus analogi di GSM

Kanal RF selebar 200 kHz Rel kereta
Kanal logik
Isi gerbong kereta
Kanal fisik (timeslot) Gerbong kereta
Burst Tipe/jenis gerbong
20
Multiplexing
60 MHz
60 MHz
For GSM 1900...
FDD
299 200kHz Radio Channels
FDMA 512 513 514
808 809 810
ARFCN
Numbers
8 0.57ms Time Slots
1 Frame
TDMA
Burst - Transmission Quantum in GSM
Frame Train on
Frequency Trackan analogy
Burst
Burst
Burst
Burst
Burst
Burst
Burst
Burst
Membutuhkan sinkronisasi yg sangat tepat!!

21
Physical Channel / GSM Data Rates

UL: 890 MHz
915 MHz
RFC RFC RFC

1
2
3
FDMA
GMSK
270.833
Modulation kbit/s
RFC
i
RFC RFC
123 124
200 kHz
1 TDMA Frame: 4.615 ms / 1250 bit

TDMA
1 TS: 33.85 kbit/s

1 Normal Burst: 576.9 s / 156.25 bit
TB
Information
57
S Training Seq. S
1
26
Information
57
TB GP
3
8.25
1 Bit = 3.6923 s
24.7 kbit/s = 22.8 kbit/s TCH data (incl. redundancy)
+ 0.95 kbit/s SACCH + 0.95 kbit/s Idle
22
GSM-GPRS Operation
End of Section 2
GSM Air Interface

GSM Air Interface

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GSM Air Interface

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GSM-GPRS Operation

GSM Air Interface

Air Interface = Um Interface

problems at air interface In GSM

Arsitektur Jaringan GSM

Public Land Mobile Network

GSM 900 MHz Frequency Band

Penomoran Kanal GSM

Fu(n) = 1710.2 + 0.2(n-512)

GSM Frequency Allocation In Indonesia

: 890 900 MHz

: 900 907 MHz (7.5

: 907.5 915 MHz (7.57

Frequency Allocation Per-Cell

Users per channel 8

Speech coding bit

Data coding bit

Radio Interface (Layer 1)

Duplex distance: 45 MHz

Struktur Sinyal GSM

GSM carrier selebar 200 kHz.

Adaptive Frame Alignment / Timing Advance (TA)

Timing Advance TA:

TDMA Multi Super Hyper7

RFC RFC RFC 0

26 TDMA frames = 120 ms

1 Burst = 156,25 bit = 576,88 us

Mapping Kanal Logik ke Kanal

Kasus analogi di GSM

For GSM 1900...

299 200kHz Radio Channels

FDMA 512 513 514

808 809 810

8 0.57ms Time Slots

Burst - Transmission Quantum in GSM

Membutuhkan sinkronisasi yg sangat tepat!!

Physical Channel / GSM Data Rates

RFC RFC RFC

1 TDMA Frame: 4.615 ms / 1250 bit

1 TS: 33.85 kbit/s

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